Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –
Source: Novosibirsk State University – Novosibirsk State University –
The Russian Science Foundation has summed up the results of the competition in the priority area of activity “Conducting research by world-class scientific laboratories within the framework of implementing the priorities of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation.” The Laboratory of Advanced Energy-Efficient Technologies, created under a mega-grant, was among the winners. Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University with the project “Development of energy technologies in the context of climate change” (No. 25-79-30002), headed by Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Physics of Nonequilibrium Processes at the Physical Department of NSU, Scientific Director of the NSU LabPET and the Institute of Thermal Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the National Committee of the Russian Academy of Sciences on Heat and Mass Transfer, laureate of the International Prize “Global Energy” Sergei Alekseenko.
— Energy is the basis of the economy of any country, regardless of the technological structure. The relevance of the topic of “anthropogenic climate change” is due to the fact that the predominant contribution to global warming, the destruction of the Earth’s ozone layer and climate change in general is made by energy on organic fuel.
Our project is aimed at solving scientific problems of low-carbon and environmentally friendly energy development, allowing not to create, but to solve environmental and man-made problems of the Russian Federation and, in particular, the energy-rich Siberian region, effectively improving the environment to create more comfortable living conditions for humans. The undoubted advantage of this project is the comprehensive approach to achieving technological development in the energy sector of the Russian economy. Most of the problems addressed by this project are actively discussed in world literature, but the lack of practical solutions related to increasing the energy efficiency of existing technologies together with increasing their sustainability and reliability, in the context of existing climate risks, is repeatedly mentioned, – explained Sergey Alekseenko.
Currently, the energy sector is undergoing significant transformations, both related to climate change and caused by the overall direction of development to improve the efficiency of hydrocarbon processing and the introduction of new energy sources. Since Russia is in extremely difficult sanctions conditions, there is an urgent need to develop domestic technologies in almost all areas of energy and the economy. The ongoing modernization and improvement of energy efficiency, the development of renewable energy sources and technologies that reduce carbon dioxide emissions, but at a rate that does not exceed the country’s economic capabilities, is becoming an urgent task.
“The primary objectives of our scientific research are the development of low- and carbon-free energy technologies, as well as increasing the efficiency of energy equipment, which will help reduce the anthropogenic impact on climate change and the destruction of the Earth’s ozone layer,” explained Sergei Alekseenko.
The project plans to conduct research in five main areas. The first is to increase the efficiency of using solid fossil fuel (coal) — the primary source of heat and electricity in Siberia and the Far East. It is aimed at environmentally friendly combustion of this type of fuel and the use of currently unclaimed low-calorie coal waste through the development of new technologies for separate and joint combustion of coal-water and pulverized coal fuel. To achieve these goals, the scientific foundations and mathematical modeling of promising approaches to environmentally friendly combustion of coal fuel in combustion chambers, the improvement of low-emission vortex technologies for multi-stage combustion and gasification, and the use of machine learning methods will be developed. The development of technology for separate and joint combustion of coal-water and pulverized coal fuel will ensure high boiler efficiency and low emissions of environmentally harmful NOx, which is one of the primary tasks of energy development in the Russian Federation.
The second area of research is hydrokinetic conversion of natural flow energy: the basis for creating new modern technologies for producing and accumulating energy at pumped storage power plants (PSPP). In this area, it is necessary to achieve a reduction in resistance in the elements of energy structures. Within the framework of the project, scientists will form a scientific basis for creating modern technologies for producing and accumulating energy based on PSPP. The results obtained will contribute to the development of highly efficient energy storage technology, equalization of the heterogeneity of the electrical network load, as well as optimization and implementation of new renewable energy sources.
The third direction will be devoted to the development of energy technologies based on the utilization of low-potential waste man-made and geothermal heat sources in absorption lithium bromide thermal transformers (ABTT). In this direction, it is planned to conduct a study of heat and mass transfer processes to improve energy efficiency and reduce the metal consumption of ABTT to enhance competitiveness in the domestic market of the Russian Federation. The use of ABTT as heat pumps will significantly reduce fuel consumption and utilize waste heat from enterprises, thermal power facilities and renewable geothermal sources.
The object of research within the fourth direction of the project will be energy-efficient low-carbon technologies for cultivating microorganisms as a source of thermal energy from biomass with a high growth rate, and a source of unique biologically active compounds, as well as efficient utilization of CO2 emissions and wastewater treatment from organic waste of various agricultural enterprises. The project will develop scientific principles of vortex mixing and technical solutions for efficient cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms of various systematic groups. The results in this area will allow significant progress in the utilization of CO2 emissions and additional treatment of wastewater from industrial enterprises, especially in regions with high solar intensity (Crimea, Krasnodar Krai).
Another area of research within the framework of this project will be the development of scientific foundations and technologies for combating icing of load-bearing structures of energy facilities and cable routes in winter climate conditions and in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation. A system of measures will be developed related to the development of a new technology for the use of superhydrophobic coatings. As a result of the study, scientists plan to determine a combined model of an anti-icing system that is optimal in terms of energy costs and efficiency and to develop a strategy for combating icing.
— The expected result of the project will be the creation of scientific foundations for increasing the efficiency of energy technologies and the development of a concept for adapting the existing energy infrastructure to climate change. The results obtained in each of the five main areas of the project will contribute to the further development of energy, taking into account the existing climatic zones of our country, — said Sergey Alekseenko.
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