Source: European Parliament
Since the 14th package, the EU has taken far-reaching initiatives to curb the operation as well as the risks posed by Russia’s shadow fleet.
The recent 16th package significantly expanded the number of listed vessels by 74 , thereby bringing the total number of ships subject to EU sanctions to 153.
To date, this measure has had a considerable impact on the activity of the shadow fleet. These ships have often changed their names, flag and ownership to obfuscate their identities. Despite such attempts, the vessels become tainted and struggle to lift oil, increasing the cost for Russia to operate such a fleet.
In addition to listing vessels, the Council has taken auxiliary measures to weaken the shadow fleet. For example, it has broadened the listing criterion, and designated companies which are material in enabling the fleet.
This includes shipping companies and their managers, who facilitate the transport of Russian oil. Any vessels owned or controlled by these individuals or entities also become subject to restrictions, for example on accessing EU services.
Coordination with international partners plays an important role in undermining the shadow fleet. The EU is committed to continued strong multilateral cooperation, with the goal of implementing measures that will further weaken Russia’s ability to wage its war of aggression.
At the same time, it should be noted that targeting requires thorough preparation to ensure a solid legal basis. Variations in legal standards between the United Kingdom, United States and EU can apply, and may result in designations that are different in scope and number.
Ultimately, any decision on new listings, including those which result in a closer alignment with partners, is taken by the Council acting through unanimity.