Dr Afrooz Bayat is an expert in systems and environmental engineering and has done research on waste and water treatment.
“Starting in July 2025, the Federal Government will ban the production and importation of certain PFAS substances, including some everyday products. The National Health and Medical Council has also released draft guidelines on lower limits to four types of ‘forever chemicals’ in drinking water.
“When PFAS chemicals get into the water, they can spread far and wide, contaminating many places, including South Australia and even Antarctica. This widespread issue calls for global action. Unfortunately, our current water treatment systems and home filters aren’t effective at removing PFAS because these chemicals are incredibly strong and dissolve easily in water.
“You’ll find PFAS in many everyday items like sunscreen, make-up, stain-resistant couches, and food packaging such as pizza boxes. This makes monitoring and reporting essential to identify contamination. However, many water utilities don’t regularly test for PFAS, so we need more testing, including more regular water testing, to keep track of these chemicals.
“PFAS are linked with several health issues. There is evidence to support they cause issues that include increased cholesterol, levels low birth weight, thyroid disease, liver damage and kidney damage. There is also some evidence to suggest that PFAS may increase the risk of miscarriage, low birth rates and obesity.
“The maximum allowable concentration of PFOS in drinking water is set at four drops per 20 Olympic-sized swimming pools (4.0 ppt) (WSAA, 2024) . Despite this, some guidelines for some PFAS chemicals are still much higher than international standards. For instance, the US has standards that are 50 times stricter than the new proposed standards in Australia.
“To tackle these ‘forever chemicals’, we need more advanced engineering solutions, as conventional treatment methods just aren’t cutting it.”