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Category: Agriculture

  • MIL-OSI USA: S. 298, Returning SBA to Main Street Act

    Source: US Congressional Budget Office

    Bill Summary

    S. 298 would require the Small Business Administration (SBA) to relocate 30 percent of its employees from its headquarters in Washington, D.C., to regional offices throughout the United States and reduce its headquarters office space by 30 percent. Those changes would be contingent upon the agency determining that they would reduce costs to the federal government.

    Estimated Federal Cost

    The estimated budgetary effect of S. 298 is shown in Table 1. The costs of the legislation fall within budget function 370 (commerce and housing credit).

    Table 1.

    Estimated Changes in Spending Subject to Appropriation Under S. 298

     

    By Fiscal Year, Millions of Dollars

     
     

    2025

    2026

    2027

    2028

    2029

    2030

    2025-2030

    Salaries and Benefits

                 

    Estimated Authorization

    *

    -4

    -10

    -8

    -2

    -2

    -26

    Estimated Outlays

    *

    -3

    -9

    -9

    -3

    -2

    -26

    Overhead Expenses

                 

    Estimated Authorization

    0

    5

    6

    -5

    -5

    -5

    -4

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    4

    6

    -3

    -5

    -5

    -3

    Total Changes

                 

    Estimated Authorization

    *

    1

    -4

    -13

    -7

    -7

    -30

    Estimated Outlays

    *

    1

    -3

    -12

    -8

    -7

    -29

    Basis of Estimate

    CBO assumes that S. 298 will be enacted near the end of fiscal year 2025, that the SBA would not begin to relocate employees until 2026, and that the Congress would reduce annual appropriations by the estimated amounts each year. Outlays were estimated using historical obligation and spending rates.

    Spending Subject to Appropriation

    CBO estimates that implementing S. 298 would decrease spending subject to appropriation by $29 million over the 2025-2030 period. The Congress appropriated $974 million for the SBA’s administrative expenses in fiscal year 2025.

    Salaries and Benefits. S. 298 would require the SBA to relocate 30 percent of its employees currently assigned to work at the headquarters in Washington, D.C., to regional offices throughout the United States within one year and to adjust their compensation for the new location. Additionally, employees would no longer be allowed to telework unless they qualify for an accommodation under the Americans with Disabilities Act.

    There are currently about 900 full-time employees assigned to work at the SBA headquarters; under the bill, about 270 employees would need to be relocated. CBO assumes that half of those employees would relocate in 2026, and half would choose to leave the agency. CBO expects that it would take about two years for the SBA to hire new employees at regional offices to replace those that leave the agency. The lag in hiring new employees accounts for about 50 percent of the estimated reduction in costs for salaries and benefits.

    Salaries and benefits for federal employees vary by location. Based on information from the SBA, CBO expects that the average salaries and benefits of those employees in 2026 would decrease from about $208,000 to $201,000. Employees that relocate would be eligible to receive amounts to cover their household’s transportation expenses, temporary housing, and assistance with selling and purchasing a home.

    Using information from the Department of Agriculture, which relocated two subagencies in 2019, CBO estimates that average relocation expenses would be about $70,000 per employee. Additionally, some employees that leave the SBA would be eligible for severance averaging about $55,000 per employee. After accounting for anticipated inflation, attrition, and the time required to hire new employees, CBO estimates that implementing S. 298 would reduce the costs of SBA’s salaries and benefits by $26 million over the 2025-2030 period. Any reduction in spending would be subject to future appropriations being reduced by the estimated amounts.

    S. 298 also would require the SBA to report within six months on the number of employees at its headquarters who would be eligible to be relocated and a plan for implementing those changes. CBO estimates that the report would cost less than $500,000.

    Overhead Expenses. S. 298 also would require the agency to reduce office space at its headquarters location by 30 percent within two years. Using information from the SBA, CBO estimates that overhead expenses (including rent, security, and telecommunications services) for the affected employees at SBA headquarters totaled about $6 million in 2025 compared to costs of about $1.5 million at regional offices for the same number of employees.

    Finally, the SBA would require assistance from the General Services Administration (GSA) to locate and set up additional office space in regional offices. Using information from GSA, CBO estimates that the new working and meeting space, furniture and workstation purchases, and installation of information technology and audiovisual equipment would cost $10 million. CBO expects those costs would be incurred in 2026 and 2027.

    After accounting for inflation, attrition, and the time required for hiring and acquiring space and under the assumption that the SBA would reduce its office space in Washington, D.C., CBO estimates that implementing the bill would reduce overhead costs for the SBA by $3 million over the 2025-2030 period. Any reduction in spending would be subject to future appropriations being reduced by the estimated amounts.

    Uncertainty

    CBO’s estimate of S. 298 is subject to uncertainty because determining how many employees would relocate and the costs associated with their relocation is uncertain. For example, if the SBA paid severance to those that choose to leave the agency, decided not to hire new employees to offset expected attrition, or paid higher or lower relocation expenses, the actual costs could be higher or lower than those estimated.

    Additionally, if employees chose to retire and collect retirement benefits earlier than they would under current law, spending on retirement benefits, which are recorded in the budget as direct spending, would change.

    Pay-As-You-Go Considerations

    Enacting the bill would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply.

    Increase in Long-Term Net Direct Spending and Deficits

    CBO estimates that enacting S. 298 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2036.

    Mandates

    The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.

    Federal Costs: Aurora Swanson

    Mandates: Rachel Austin

    Estimate Reviewed By

    Justin Humphrey
    Chief, Finance, Housing, and Education Cost Estimates Unit

    Kathleen FitzGerald 
    Chief, Public and Private Mandates Unit

    H. Samuel Papenfuss 
    Deputy Director of Budget Analysis

    Phillip L. Swagel

    Director, Congressional Budget Office

    MIL OSI USA News –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Canada: Minister Tim Hodgson Speech to the Toronto Region Board of Trade June 25, 2025

    Source: Government of Canada News

    Good morning,

    It’s great to be speaking to all you right here, in the heart of Toronto. This is where I worked for the last 15 years, and I’m thrilled to see so many familiar faces in the crowd.

    I want to express my sincere thanks to Giles, Roselle, Leslie, Dominic and the Toronto Region Board of Trade for putting on this great event.

    The GTA is one of the key engines of the Canadian economy. It will play an important part of this government’s Build Canada agenda. From finance to advanced manufacturing to clean tech to AI to innovation and more, Toronto and Ontario are not just regional powerhouses — they are key drivers of national progress.

    I have seen first-hand how the many businesses that call the GTA home are driving the growth and prosperity of this country. For example, most recently, I served as Chair of Hydro One’s board, witnessing with my own eyes the role that great, Ontario-based companies, like Hydro One, are playing in keeping Canada powered, productive and prosperous.

    That is one experience that I bring to this new government — but I have been equally shaped by my background, my roots and the path that brought me here. And I wanted to start there.

    My family’s relationship with this province begins with my father immigrating to Canada after World War II.

    His family were tenant farmers who worked the farms owned by the “lord” in the old country. But they wanted a better life and dreamed of owning their own farm, so they scraped together enough money to get on a steamer to Canada and start over on a small farm, just outside of Peterborough. A few years later, driven to experience all this country had to offer, my father joined the Royal Canadian Air Force. I came shortly thereafter and grew up as an Air Force brat, moving every year or two to bases across Canada. 

    This brought me everywhere, from a small fishing village of 200 people at the southern tip of Nova Scotia, to a tiny logging camp at the northern tip of Vancouver Island and many points in between, including in Ontario. Living in those small towns shaped my understanding of the value of hard work, the importance of good jobs in the trades and the rich cultural diversity that defines our country’s regions.

    Following in my father’s footsteps, when I was 17 I joined the Canadian Armed Forces. The Armed Forces are where I learned what service means — and what it feels like to fight for something bigger than oneself.

    It was a similar instinct to serve — years later — that brought me to the Bank of Canada under then-Governor Mark Carney, as we were rebuilding the Canadian economy at the end of the great financial crisis. And it was that instinct that led me to pick up the phone again earlier this year, when Mr. Carney suggested there was another opportunity to serve this great country, in this pivotal moment.

    In between my time in the Armed Forces and this spring, however, I spent most of my professional life working in the private sector, including right here in Toronto. In those roles, I learned a lot about the energy and resource industries that are — by many metrics — the most significant economic engines of this country.

    I helped finance potash mines and OSB mills. I did initial public offerings for utilities and uranium companies. I also worked on pipelines like the Alliance Pipeline that brings Canadian gas to the Chicago market.

    Those experiences have shaped me. And they’ve taught me this: Leadership is not about talk. It’s about action when it matters most. It’s about getting things done and doing them right. It’s about building for the next generation — or as Indigenous Peoples teach us, the next seven generations — and being proud of what we are handing them.

    The Prime Minister likes to say that we are standing at a hinge moment in Canada’s history. I think that is undeniably true. The post WWII-Bretton Woods world order is now over. Global supply chains are being torn apart and need to be rebuilt. Our climate is changing, and we need to retool our economy to reflect that reality.

    On top of all that, we find ourselves in the middle of the most devastating trade war of our lifetimes. A trade war we did not ask for, but a trade war we must win.

    Ultimately, we are facing a new world order defined by one thing, above all else: instability.

    But here’s the thing Canadians need to know: this moment is creating opportunities that we can seize.

    As you saw this week, we are seizing the chance to work with our European allies on a new EU-Canada Strategic Partnership of the Future, which will focus on trade and economic security, the digital transition and the fight against climate change and environmental degradation and includes a Security and Defence Partnership, which is an intentional first step toward Canada’s participation in Security Action for Europe (SAFE), an instrument of the ReArm Europe Plan/Readiness 2030.

    Importantly, participation in this initiative will create significant defence procurement and industrial opportunities for Canada — including right here in Ontario.

    There’s a saying that applies to this moment: a crisis is a terrible thing to waste. And waste it, we will not. And I know we can do it, because we have done it before. But it will take more than just resolve. It will take speed, ambition and, most importantly, unity.

    During and after the Second World War — perhaps the last time we faced such a transformational upheaval of the world order — Canadians did not hesitate. We united and did great things. We mobilized our workforce and industrial base with staggering speed. We built more than 16,000 aircraft, nearly 9,000 ships and over 800,000 military trucks.

    Canada — a country just shy of 12 million people at the time — raised an Armed Forces of 1.1 million men and women, who fought bravely for our way of life.

    When the war was over, the Canadian government built homes for the veterans who needed them. We retooled our economy and learned to thrive in a new world order. Through hard work, grit and smarts, we transformed our country.

    That transformation built a middle class. It built an identity. It built a sense of collective confidence that would define our postwar decades — and continues to make us proud to stand under the maple leaf.

    As one wartime poster proclaimed: “Every Canadian must fight.” It showed a soldier and a factory worker standing side by side.

    Now, we must stand side by side once again, from coast to coast to coast, Indigenous and non-Indigenous, industries, small businesses and entrepreneurs. We need that same spirit today. And we can find it — in our communities, in our businesses, in our labour movement, in our innovators and in every region of this country that is hungry to contribute.

    Your government is working hard to lay the foundation for just that.

    Last week, The House of Commons passed the One Canadian Economy Act — what I would say is a nation-defining piece of legislation.

    The Act is about building faster, moving people and goods more freely and unlocking the potential of Canadian workers, communities and resources in every part of this country. It creates the conditions to get more projects off the ground — projects that benefit our national interest and bubble up from Indigenous Peoples, provinces, territories and the private sector.

    We know that if we want to build faster, we can’t be duplicating regulatory efforts, delaying decisions or creating bottlenecks between jurisdictions. We must act like a single country — not a patchwork.

    That’s why this legislation creates a Major Projects Office that will coordinate and expedite reviews — reviews focused on how the project will be built as opposed to whether it will be built. For proponents, they will now have just one point of contact to make sure things stay on track.

    Crucially, an Indigenous Advisory Council will be an integral component of this Office. The Council, along with consultation with Indigenous Peoples and rigorous environmental review, will inform a single set of binding federal conditions for the project. These conditions will include mitigation measures to protect the environment and to respect the rights of Indigenous Peoples.

    To ensure consultation is done right, the federal government is also investing $40 million for capacity building to strengthen Indigenous participation in the assessment and consultation process. 

    Moreover, to continue to put Indigenous Peoples at the centre of this nation-building initiative, the first thing we will do to launch the implementation of this legislation is full-day summits with First Nations, Inuit and Métis rights holders, leadership and experts. The first summit will be on July 17, where the Prime Minister will meet with First Nations rights holders. The goal here is to create certainty that catalyzes investment.

    As someone who has spent most of my career allocating capital, I believe it is important that Canadians understand that to achieve the certainty that leads to investment and prosperity we must reduce inefficiency, harmonize standards and improve transparency.

    When businesses see inconsistent rules, unclear timelines or duplicative review processes, they hesitate to invest. And when they hesitate, projects stall, costs climb and opportunities vanish. But when our federal, provincial and territorial governments send clear signals — that we are serious, coordinated and committed to delivery — investment follows.

    Certainty invites boldness. It turns ambition into action. It gives industry, investors and trading partners confidence that Canadian projects will get built and Canadian goods will get to market. It creates the prosperity we need to pay for our way of life.

    Let me say that again: it creates the prosperity we need to pay for our way of life.

    This Act puts us back on that path. And crucially, we are going to do this responsibly — with transparency, partnership, the environment, labour standards and economic reconciliation at the heart of our efforts.

    The Act also tackles a long-standing issue: internal trade barriers. For decades, it has been easier to export a product abroad than to ship it between provinces. Frankly, that is just illogical and inefficient. These barriers have cost Canadians as much as $200 billion in lost opportunities every year — equivalent to around $50,000 for every Canadian.

    As the Prime Minister likes to say, we can give ourselves more than anyone can take away.

    This Act lays the groundwork for that ideal, through greater labour mobility, credential recognition and open trade across provinces and by reframing the conversation so we can build things in this country again.

    This Act allows us to reset that narrative about building in Canada — so we can go from delay to delivery.

    So, what does delivery look like? It begins with a vision: to build Canada into a conventional and clean energy and natural resources superpower.

    I want to dive into that a bit deeper with you all today. Because, in my mind, that encompasses two things: energy security and energy economics.

    Energy security means sovereignty — over our destiny, our industries, our wallets and our climate. It means being able to heat our homes in January, power our farms in July and run our factories all year long, without worry about what is happening outside of our borders.

    It means using the best, cleanest products: the ones produced right here in Canada.

    It means developing our unparallelled critical minerals wealth and helping the world transition to a cleaner climate without relying on countries that we cannot trust.

    We will get that security and sovereignty by ensuring we have the ports, roads, railways and energy infrastructure in place to sell our products to allies who share our values, not just our borders.

    Energy economics means competitiveness — using our natural advantages to drive investment, grow exports and raise wages.

    Together, our products — our resources — can make us both safer and wealthier.

    And here’s the thing: this is not just about GDP. It’s about building the kind of Canada where a rising tide lifts all boats.

    I’d like to quote something Premier Wab Kinew said at the First Minister’s Meeting earlier this month. He said: “This is a generational opportunity for Canadians — but also for some of the poorest communities in our country. If we can put the road, transmission and pipe infrastructure in place to build out those opportunities, this country won’t just be better off in terms of GDP growth — we’ll be better off in making sure every Canadian kid can reach their full potential.”

    A kid in the north or rural Canada needs the same opportunities as a kid in our biggest cities. That’s what becoming an energy superpower is really about.

    This is important to me because I have watched it happen. I went to a vocational high school in Winnipeg, and many of my classmates didn’t go to university. One of my best friends spent 25 years on the rigs. His job bought him a home. It financed a good life. That’s how it should be. And we should respect the hardworking Canadians who do these important jobs.

    During the election, I went door to door in my riding, about 45 minutes north of here. I heard the same thing from new Canadians, over and over: we came here to build a better life. Just like my family did, 80 years ago.

    They know, like we do in this room, that because of the opportunity Canada offers — through jobs in sectors like energy, mining and forestry — it’s the best country in the world.

    And that’s what we need to protect. A Canada where hard work still pays off. Where good jobs — with or without a degree — are available for future generations.

    Now, when it comes to delivering on significant, ambitious energy projects, Ontario certainly knows a thing or two. That’s why this province has been a word-class nuclear leader for over half a century.

    The story of nuclear energy in Ontario is emblematic of just how Canada can do great things.

    In the late 1950s and 60s, Canadians developed the first CANDU reactor. Two decades later, the first commercial CANDUs came online in Pickering. Since then, Ontario has become home to 16 of Canada’s 17 commercial reactors.

    Today, 58 percent of Ontario’s electricity comes from nuclear. The sector employs over 89,000 Canadians, contributes 15 percent of our national electricity supply and adds $22 billion to the economy every year. We have exported our nuclear technology around the world, helping countries achieve energy security and avoiding over 30 million tonnes of pollution annually.

    And our reactors do more than keep the lights on. They have made our air cleaner. They have provided a good life and livelihoods for thousands and thousands of Ontarians. And they produce a significant amount of the world’s supply of cobalt-60, a vital medical isotope used to sterilize equipment and treat cancer.

    Nuclear power is one of our greatest strategic assets. It’s clean. It’s reliable. And it’s built here, by Canadian workers and engineers, using Canadian uranium and technology.

    Now Ontario is poised to lead the next chapter, with small modular reactors. Ontario is already building Canada’s first grid-scale SMR at Darlington. But we’re not stopping there. Ontario is working closely with Alberta, Saskatchewan and New Brunswick — helping provinces at different stages of decarbonization build nuclear solutions that work for them.

    This is Team Canada in action. Provinces learning from each other. Utilities coordinating on design. Engineers collaborating across provincial borders. It’s a model of what a confident, connected Canada can do.

    Of course, it’s going to take more than one type of power — more than one solution — to power a strong, productive, retooled Canadian economy.

    Canada will need to at least double our electricity generation over the next two decades to power our industries, homes and technologies. This will require efficient, integrated electricity grids. Our new government is committed to working quickly with provinces and territories on east–west and north–south transmission interties. This is part of what the Prime Minister means when he says one economy, not thirteen.

    A pan-Canadian grid means more reliable, affordable sustainable power for Canadians. It means powering industries from AI to manufacturing. And it means exporting energy between provinces who want Canadian solutions.

    I know many of you in this room will be involved not just with clean and conventional energy, but with mining — another area in which this province is blessed with abundance. At the G7 two weeks ago, the world saw what we already knew: Canada is positioned to lead on critical minerals — not just in mining but across the entire value chain.

    We can and will extract our minerals sustainably, refine them responsibly and move them to market efficiently.

    During the G7, we announced a Critical Minerals Action Plan, backed by over $70 million in Canadian investments to support innovation, research and international partnerships. This effort will drive global demand for responsibly sourced materials — a move that could directly support new mining projects right here in Ontario.

    Moreover, we will launch the First and Last Mile Fund, to connect remote projects to roads, rails and grids.

    Simultaneously, we are backing Indigenous and community-led mineral development with financial tools.

    We do not want to just be a resource exporter. We want to be a value creator — from mine to EV battery to global supply chain. That is how we will build a stronger, sovereign economy and be masters in our own home.

    Beyond critical minerals, another pillar of the resource economy in this province and across our country is forestry. So I want to take a minute to speak to that today as well.

    Forestry sustains hundreds of thousands of good, Canadian jobs, supports rural and northern communities and provides one of the most sustainable building materials on earth.

    We need to treat our forestry sector not as old industry but as a vital part of our clean future. That means investing in value-added wood products. It means using engineered timber to accelerate modular housing. It means ensuring Canadian wood is the first material we reach for when we are building homes, schools and public infrastructure.

    We are already seeing innovation in prefab housing and modular design — made with Canadian wood, built by Canadian labour and creating Canadian solutions.

    If we want to build homes faster and more sustainably, we do not have to look far: the answer is growing in our forests.

    This all likely sounds ambitious — well, it is. But a key part of how we will make this successful is transforming how we think about Indigenous partnership in major projects.

    Indigenous Peoples are not just participants in our economy — they are rights holders. They are the original stewards of this land. They are governments. They are builders.

    If we are serious about retooling our economy, then economic reconciliation must be front and centre.

    I have seen what true partnership looks like — and how successful it can be for a project and a First Nation. When I served as Chair of the Board for Hydro One, we worked closely with Indigenous communities to build electricity transmission infrastructure that delivered power, created jobs and built long-term prosperity.

    Let me highlight one example. Last year, Hydro One built the Chatham to Lakeshore line under its new Indigenous Equity Partnership model. The project came in over a year ahead of schedule and 15 percent below budget.

    And I want to be clear: those amazing results occurred because of the strong consultation process and the significant equity ownership achieved by First Nations. Done the right way, First Nations involvement accelerated the project — it did not slow it down.

    To me, this approach stands as a model for how this country can and should build major infrastructure projects going forward.

    And it’s not an isolated case — it’s an emerging norm. And it’s a norm this government is committed to accelerating.

    By recognizing First Nations as key enablers — and by listening, engaging and building meaningful relationships rooted in trust and shared benefits — projects in this province and beyond can move forward on schedule, on budget and in a way that delivers real benefits to communities.

    That’s why we have expanded and doubled the Indigenous Loan Guarantee Program to $10 billion.

    Indigenous equity means revenue that stays in the community and can be passed down to the next generation. It means a generational transformation in how major projects get done. Because becoming an energy and resource superpower should benefit everyone.

    That also means labour. Simply put, none of this gets done without workers. Without the people who pour the concrete, wire the grids, mine the metals and weld the steel. The trades built this country. And they will build the next chapter, too.

    As Sean Strickland, the Executive Director of Canada’s Building Trades Unions, put it last week: “If we’re serious about building housing, energy, transportation and critical infrastructure, we need to empower workers and enable them to move across the country to get the job done.”

    That’s why we’re investing in apprenticeships, training and labour mobility. That’s why we’re aligning credentials across provinces — so a red seal in Nova Scotia means the same thing in Alberta or Ontario. And that’s why we’re building strong partnerships with Canada’s unions to get the job done right.

    At the end of the day, we did not ask for a trade war to be declared on us. But we are responding with purpose and finding solutions that will leave us better off in four years, and four decades.

    We did not ask for climate change. But we are meeting the challenge with innovation and a mission to do what is right.

    We did not ask for disrupted supply chains. But we are rebuilding them with resilience and creating jobs at home in the process.

    What we have done so far by passing the One Canadian Economy Act is not the end — it is the beginning.

    So let me close with a call to action.

    To business leaders: it is time to bring forward your best ideas.

    To Indigenous Peoples: it is time to lead with your vision and partnership.

    To provinces and territories: it is time to leverage thirteen parts to build the strongest whole.

    To workers and unions: it is time to double down on your skill, strength and determination.

    And to everyone in this room: it is time for ambition. It is time to be a real clean and conventional energy superpower.

    It is time to build. And together, we will.

    Thank you.

    MIL OSI Canada News –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: SBA Relief Still Available to Oregon Small Businesses and Private Nonprofits Affected by the Microwave Tower Fire

    Source: United States Small Business Administration

    SACRAMENTO, Calif. – The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) is reminding eligible small businesses and nonprofit organizations in Oregon of the July 29, 2025 deadline to apply for low interest federal disaster loans to offset economic losses caused by the Microwave Tower Fire occurring July 22- Aug. 11, 2024.

    The disaster declaration covers the Oregon counties of Clackamas, Gilliam, Hood River, Jefferson, Marion, Sherman, Wasco and Wheeler as well as the Washington county of Klickitat.

    Under this declaration, SBA’s Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) program is available to eligible small businesses, small agricultural cooperatives, nurseries and private nonprofit (PNP)organizations impacted by financial losses directly related to this disaster. The SBA is unable to provide disaster loans to agricultural producers, farmers, or ranchers, except for aquaculture enterprises.

    EIDLs are for working capital needs caused by the disaster and are available even if the business or PNP did not suffer any physical damage. They may be used to pay fixed debts, payroll, accounts payable, and other bills not paid due to the disaster.

    “SBA loans help eligible small businesses cover operating expenses after a disaster, which is crucial for their recovery,” said Chris Stallings, associate administrator of the Office of Disaster Recovery and Resilience at the SBA. “These loans not only help business owners get back on their feet but also play a key role in sustaining local economies in the aftermath of a disaster.”

    The loan amount can be up to $2 million with interest rates as low as 4% for small businesses and 3.25% for PNPs, with terms up to 30 years. Interest does not accrue, and payments are not due, until 12 months from the date of the first loan disbursement. The SBA sets loan amounts and terms based on each applicant’s financial condition.

    To apply online, visit sba.gov/disaster. Applicants may also call SBA’s Customer Service Center at (800) 659-2955 or email disastercustomerservice@sba.gov for more information on SBA disaster assistance. For people who are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.

    Submit completed loan applications to the SBA no later than July 29.

    ###

    About the U.S. Small Business Administration

    The U.S. Small Business Administration helps power the American dream of business ownership. As the only go-to resource and voice for small businesses backed by the strength of the federal government, the SBA empowers entrepreneurs and small business owners with the resources and support they need to start, grow, expand their businesses, or recover from a declared disaster. It delivers services through an extensive network of SBA field offices and partnerships with public and private organizations. To learn more, visit www.sba.gov.

    MIL OSI USA News –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Canada: Governments of Canada and Saskatchewan Provide Drought Support with the Doubled Low Yield Appraisal

    Source: Government of Canada regional news

    Released on June 27, 2025

    Today, federal Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Heath MacDonald and Saskatchewan Minister of Agriculture Daryl Harrison announced the Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation (SCIC) is implementing measures to offer support to producers facing this year’s challenging dry conditions. SCIC is implementing the double low yield appraisal process, encouraging acres of low-yielding eligible crops to be diverted to make additional feed available to graze, bale or silage. 

    “I’ve spoken with livestock and crop producers in Saskatchewan who are worried about the impact that dry conditions could have this year,” MacDonald said. “Changing the yield threshold will give them some breathing room, so they can make the best decisions for their operations.”

    “In multiple areas throughout the province, our livestock producers are facing challenges from this year’s dry conditions,” Harrison said. “There is a need to quickly adapt to best support producers’ timely, on-farm decisions. In 2021 and 2023, this same initiative was successfully implemented, resulting in over half a million acres of additional low yield crop redirected to feed. Once again, livestock producers are encouraged to work directly with neighbouring crop producers to access additional feed.”

    When crops are severely damaged and the appraised yield falls below an established threshold level, the yield is reduced to zero for the Crop Insurance claim. SCIC is doubling the low yield appraisal threshold values, allowing customers to salvage their eligible crops as feed, without negatively impacting future individual coverage. Prior to compensation, all qualifying acres for double low yield appraisals must be diverted to livestock feed. They cannot be left to harvest. Prior to putting damaged crops to an approved alternate use, producers should contact their local SCIC office.

    “This announcement is welcome news for our livestock producers,” SARM President Bill Huber said. “As in past years, it will help address feed shortages so many ranchers are experiencing. Timely support like this is critical to ensuring the sustainability of the sector in this province.”

    “Many cattle producers throughout the province are facing potential feed shortages,” Saskatchewan Cattle Association Chair Chad Ross said. “The recent rains may help with some of the later seeded crops and possible pasture rebound in some areas. Unfortunately, the hay crop was already burnt off in several places. Writing off some crops through doubling the low yield threshold will provide cattle producers an option for feeding their animals they didn’t previously have. The SCA thanks Ministers Harrison and MacDonald, along with the governments for moving quickly on this.”

    “We appreciate governments recognizing and meeting the need to support access to feed,” Saskatchewan Stock Growers Association President Jeff Yorga said. “There are producers struggling with drought conditions. They are assessing and adjusting crop and feed requirements. This action taken helps our producers make those important decisions in a timely fashion. As we move forward, I strongly encourage producers to directly connect with each other to coordinate access to any additional feed made available through this change.”

    “Swift action from government has provided a vital lifeline to many Saskatchewan farmers and ranchers amid this year’s early challenges,” APAS President Bill Prybylski said. “The quick adjustment of support measures reflects a strong commitment to agriculture and sets a high standard for proactive, responsive risk management programming. Producers across the province feel heard, supported and valued.”

    AgriStability can provide support to producers for production losses and increased expenses resulting from dry conditions. In most cases, the additional expense a producer incurs to acquire additional feed for their livestock is an eligible expense through the AgriStability Program. The deadline for producers to enroll in the existing AgriStability program for the 2025 program year is extended to July 31, 2025. The AgriStability Program includes an option to access timely support through an Interim Benefit, which gives producers the option of receiving funds prior to the completion of the fiscal period in the program year. This can help support losses and cover costs. 

    SCIC recognizes the most pressing concern for livestock producers is reduced hay and pasture production. Pasture acres are insured for the impact of dry conditions through the Forage Rainfall Insurance Program. Starting July 15, 2025, eligible producers will begin to receive claim payments, providing timely financial relief to help offset the impact of below average rainfall. By August 15, 2025, remaining claims are automatically calculated based strictly upon weather station data.

    Saskatchewan Farm Stress Line provides support when producers need it the most. This is a confidential service, available 24-hours-a-day, seven-days-a-week, toll-free at 1-800-667-4442. Calls are answered by Mobile Crisis Services Regina, a non-profit, community-based agency and there is no call display.

    Crop Insurance is a federal-provincial-producer cost-shared program that helps producers manage production and quality losses. Support for the program is provided by the governments of Canada and Saskatchewan under the Sustainable Canadian Agricultural Partnership (Sustainable CAP).

    For more information, producers can call 1-888-935-0000, visit scic.ca or contact their local SCIC office.

    -30-

    For more information, contact:

    MIL OSI Canada News –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Canada: Governments of Canada and Saskatchewan Provide Drought Support with the Doubled Low Yield Appraisal

    Source: Government of Canada regional news

    Released on June 27, 2025

    Today, federal Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Heath MacDonald and Saskatchewan Minister of Agriculture Daryl Harrison announced the Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation (SCIC) is implementing measures to offer support to producers facing this year’s challenging dry conditions. SCIC is implementing the double low yield appraisal process, encouraging acres of low-yielding eligible crops to be diverted to make additional feed available to graze, bale or silage. 

    “I’ve spoken with livestock and crop producers in Saskatchewan who are worried about the impact that dry conditions could have this year,” MacDonald said. “Changing the yield threshold will give them some breathing room, so they can make the best decisions for their operations.”

    “In multiple areas throughout the province, our livestock producers are facing challenges from this year’s dry conditions,” Harrison said. “There is a need to quickly adapt to best support producers’ timely, on-farm decisions. In 2021 and 2023, this same initiative was successfully implemented, resulting in over half a million acres of additional low yield crop redirected to feed. Once again, livestock producers are encouraged to work directly with neighbouring crop producers to access additional feed.”

    When crops are severely damaged and the appraised yield falls below an established threshold level, the yield is reduced to zero for the Crop Insurance claim. SCIC is doubling the low yield appraisal threshold values, allowing customers to salvage their eligible crops as feed, without negatively impacting future individual coverage. Prior to compensation, all qualifying acres for double low yield appraisals must be diverted to livestock feed. They cannot be left to harvest. Prior to putting damaged crops to an approved alternate use, producers should contact their local SCIC office.

    “This announcement is welcome news for our livestock producers,” SARM President Bill Huber said. “As in past years, it will help address feed shortages so many ranchers are experiencing. Timely support like this is critical to ensuring the sustainability of the sector in this province.”

    “Many cattle producers throughout the province are facing potential feed shortages,” Saskatchewan Cattle Association Chair Chad Ross said. “The recent rains may help with some of the later seeded crops and possible pasture rebound in some areas. Unfortunately, the hay crop was already burnt off in several places. Writing off some crops through doubling the low yield threshold will provide cattle producers an option for feeding their animals they didn’t previously have. The SCA thanks Ministers Harrison and MacDonald, along with the governments for moving quickly on this.”

    “We appreciate governments recognizing and meeting the need to support access to feed,” Saskatchewan Stock Growers Association President Jeff Yorga said. “There are producers struggling with drought conditions. They are assessing and adjusting crop and feed requirements. This action taken helps our producers make those important decisions in a timely fashion. As we move forward, I strongly encourage producers to directly connect with each other to coordinate access to any additional feed made available through this change.”

    “Swift action from government has provided a vital lifeline to many Saskatchewan farmers and ranchers amid this year’s early challenges,” APAS President Bill Prybylski said. “The quick adjustment of support measures reflects a strong commitment to agriculture and sets a high standard for proactive, responsive risk management programming. Producers across the province feel heard, supported and valued.”

    AgriStability can provide support to producers for production losses and increased expenses resulting from dry conditions. In most cases, the additional expense a producer incurs to acquire additional feed for their livestock is an eligible expense through the AgriStability Program. The deadline for producers to enroll in the existing AgriStability program for the 2025 program year is extended to July 31, 2025. The AgriStability Program includes an option to access timely support through an Interim Benefit, which gives producers the option of receiving funds prior to the completion of the fiscal period in the program year. This can help support losses and cover costs. 

    SCIC recognizes the most pressing concern for livestock producers is reduced hay and pasture production. Pasture acres are insured for the impact of dry conditions through the Forage Rainfall Insurance Program. Starting July 15, 2025, eligible producers will begin to receive claim payments, providing timely financial relief to help offset the impact of below average rainfall. By August 15, 2025, remaining claims are automatically calculated based strictly upon weather station data.

    Saskatchewan Farm Stress Line provides support when producers need it the most. This is a confidential service, available 24-hours-a-day, seven-days-a-week, toll-free at 1-800-667-4442. Calls are answered by Mobile Crisis Services Regina, a non-profit, community-based agency and there is no call display.

    Crop Insurance is a federal-provincial-producer cost-shared program that helps producers manage production and quality losses. Support for the program is provided by the governments of Canada and Saskatchewan under the Sustainable Canadian Agricultural Partnership (Sustainable CAP).

    For more information, producers can call 1-888-935-0000, visit scic.ca or contact their local SCIC office.

    -30-

    For more information, contact:

    MIL OSI Canada News –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: Reps. Scholten, Landsman, Tran Launch the Lowering Costs Caucus

    Source: United States House of Representatives – Congresswoman Hillary Scholten – Michigan

    WASHINGTON, D.C. — Today, U.S. Representatives Hillary Scholten (MI-03), Greg Landsman (OH-01), and Derek Tran (CA-45) launched the Lowering Costs Caucus. The caucus is focused on bringing down everyday costs for hard working Americans and calling out policies that make life more expensive for families across the country.

    WATCH: Lowering Costs Caucus Press Conference

    “By nearly every measure, life for American families is becoming more unaffordable each day, and the American people are tired of broken promises and political posturing. Our mission is simple: to make life more affordable for the people we serve–not to protect special interests or the ultra-rich,” said Rep. Scholten. “The Lowering Costs Caucus will be laser-focused on delivering real results that ease the burden on families and highlighting the ways Americans are paying the price of the Trump Administration.”

    “I am proud to join my colleagues, Rep. Scholten and Rep. Landsman, as founding members of the Lowering Costs Caucus to find common-sense solutions that make life more affordable for our constituents,” said Representative Tran. “I hear from families across CA-45 that they struggle to afford daycare, groceries, gas, and so much more. We are starting this caucus to shine a light on these challenges and bring members together to find real solutions to lower costs for working families. ” 

    “Folks deserve to see their hard work finally pay off. The Lowering Costs Caucus will push for real fixes that can actually make life more affordable for Americans. The Trump Administration’s chaos isn’t helping,” said Congressman Landsman. “Our goal is to help lower costs and support workers, families, small businesses, and farmers.”

    The Lowering Costs Caucus will serve as a platform to unite around common-sense solutions that make life more affordable for American families. The caucus will also work to elevate stories directly from constituents to shine a light on the ways the Trump Administration and House Republicans are driving up costs and squeezing household budgets.

    President Trump promised to bring down prices on day one but instead, he has delivered reckless tariffs–hitting families with the largest middle-class tax increase in history. Meanwhile, Republicans in Congress are handing out tax breaks to billionaires while gutting critical programs like Medicaid, food assistance, and other essential services that help working families stay afloat. 

    Republicans’ budget plan not only disproportionately benefits the ultra-wealthy, but it also raises costs for Americans. With this bill, national average electricity costs are expected to increase by $113 and median home loans are predicted to jump by $600-$1240 yearly. Trump’s tariffs, if implemented, would raise prices on food, clothing, and other goods that could cost the average household an additional $4,900 a year. 

    The caucus aims to support legislation that delivers meaningful economic relief for hard-working families, prioritizing kitchen table issues over tax giveaways for the ultra-wealthy. This effort underscores the members ongoing commitment to fighting for policies that help families get ahead, not just get by.

    Reps. Scholten, Landsman, and Tran serve as Co-Chairs of the caucus. Reps. Sarah Elfreth (MD-03), Maggie Goodlander (NH-02), Maxine Dexter (OR-03), and Suhas Subramanyam (VA-10) have also joined the Lowering Costs Caucus.

    ###

    MIL OSI USA News –

    June 28, 2025
  • India’s agriculture and alied sectors show robust growth, reports MoSPI

    Source: Government of India

    Source: Government of India (4)

    The National Statistics Office (NSO) under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) on Friday released its annual publication, “Statistical Report on Value of Output from Agriculture and Allied Sectors (2011-12 to 2023-24)”. Available on the ministry’s official website (https://mospi.gov.in), the comprehensive report details the value of output from crop, livestock, forestry, logging, and fishing and aquaculture sectors at both current and constant (2011-12) prices. This follows the release of major aggregates at the national level in the National Accounts Statistics on February 28, 2025.

    The Gross Value Added (GVA) of agriculture and allied sectors at current prices surged by approximately 225%, rising from ₹1,502 thousand crore in 2011-12 to ₹4,878 thousand crore in 2023-24. At constant prices, the Gross Value of Output (GVO) from these sectors grew steadily from ₹1,908 thousand crore in 2011-12 to ₹2,949 thousand crore in 2023-24, reflecting a 54.6% increase over the period.

    The crop sector, contributing ₹1,595 thousand crore, remains the largest component of the total GVO at constant prices, accounting for 54.1% in 2023-24. Within this sector, cereals and fruits & vegetables together made up 52.5% of the crop GVO. Among cereals, paddy and wheat dominated, constituting about 85% of the cereal GVO in 2023-24. Five states—Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Telangana, and Haryana—contributed nearly 53% of the cereal GVO, with Uttar Pradesh retaining its top position despite a slight decline in share from 18.6% in 2011-12 to 17.2% in 2023-24.

    In the fruit category, banana overtook mango in 2023-24, recording a GVO of ₹47.0 thousand crore compared to mango’s ₹46.1 thousand crore. Mango had been the leading fruit contributor from 2011-12 to 2021-22. Potato continued to lead the vegetable group, with its GVO rising from ₹21.3 thousand crore in 2011-12 to ₹37.2 thousand crore in 2023-24. Floriculture saw significant growth, nearly doubling from ₹17.4 thousand crore to ₹28.1 thousand crore over the same period, signaling increased commercial interest and diversification in horticulture.

    State-wise contributions to the GVO of fruits, vegetables, and floriculture have shifted noticeably between 2011-12 and 2023-24, reflecting changes in production dynamics and regional agricultural growth. In the condiments and spices category, Madhya Pradesh emerged as the top contributor in 2023-24 with a 19.2% share, followed by Karnataka (16.6%) and Gujarat (15.5%).

    The livestock sector recorded strong growth, with its GVO increasing from ₹488 thousand crore in 2011-12 to ₹919 thousand crore in 2023-24. Milk remained the dominant component, though its share slightly decreased from 67.2% to 65.9% over the period, while the meat group’s share rose from 19.7% to 24.1%.

    The forestry and logging sector showed consistent growth, with its GVO rising from ₹149 thousand crore in 2011-12 to ₹227 thousand crore in 2023-24. The share of industrial wood in this sector surged from 49.9% to 70.2% over the same period. Meanwhile, the fishing and aquaculture sub-sector grew in importance, with its contribution to agricultural GVA increasing from 4.2% in 2011-12 to 7.0% in 2023-24. The share of inland fish decreased from 57.7% to 50.2%, while marine fish increased from 42.3% to 49.8%. West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh remained key contributors to the fisheries GVO, with significant shifts observed between 2011-12 and 2022-23.

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Canada: Seafood Companies Receive Climate Change Funding

    Source: Government of Canada regional news

    NOTE: The list of funding recipients and projects follows this release.

    The Province is supporting 22 seafood companies and related organizations throughout Nova Scotia to support efforts in lowering their carbon emissions.

    The Fisheries and Aquaculture Energy Efficiency Innovation Fund is investing $1.73 million in projects that range from electrifying vessels to installing solar systems.

    “Our seafood sector is a key partner in addressing climate change,” said Kent Smith, Minister of Fisheries and Aquaculture. “This funding will help seafood organizations in their efforts to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, while also helping the industry lower its operational costs.”

    The three-year fund, administered by Efficiency Nova Scotia, will provide a total of $6.5 million to industry climate change projects.

    There will be a third call for project funding applications later this year.

    Quotes:

    “Nova Scotia’s fisheries and aquaculture industry is a cornerstone of our economy, supporting jobs and communities across the province. Energy efficiency is a powerful way for organizations in the sector to reduce costs and boost productivity both in the short and long term – and this fund is helping more businesses adopt innovative, energy-efficient practices that support a more resilient and sustainable future. We’re excited to see the initiatives from these new fund recipients come to life, driving innovation and sustainability across the sector.”
    — Stephen MacDonald, President and CEO, EfficiencyOne

    “Nova Scotia produces the best seafood in the world and the investments announced today will help make our processing sector more efficient and productive. With the many challenges Canada has faced lately, every step in streamlining and modernizing our sector is vital in competing globally and supporting communities and jobs at home. These investments show that the Province understands these challenges and is working to grow the sector.”
    — Ian McIsaac, President, Seafood Producers Association of Nova Scotia

    Quick Facts:

    • 36 projects have received funding to date through the Fisheries and Aquaculture Energy Efficiency Innovation Fund, totalling $3.54 million
    • the fund is a commitment in Our Climate, Our Future: Nova Scotia’s Climate Change Plan for Clean Growth
    • the Department of Energy provided $2 million to the fund
    • the Nova Scotia Fisheries and Aquaculture Loan Board will make available $10 million over three years in dedicated lending to support eligible applicants

    Additional Resources:

    Fisheries and Aquaculture Energy Efficiency Innovation Fund: https://www.efficiencyns.ca/business/business-types/agriculture/fisheries-and-aquaculture-energy-efficiency-innovation-fund/

    Nova Scotia Fisheries and Aquaculture Loan Board lending program: https://nsfishloan.ca/energy-efficiency

    Our Climate, Our Future: Nova Scotia’s Climate Change Plan for Clean Growth: https://climatechange.novascotia.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/ns-climate-change-plan.pdf


    Approved projects:

    • Mersey Seafoods – $28,000 toward wharf electrification infrastructure to eliminate idling of three vessels while tied up at the wharf

    • Waycobah First Nation – $18,953 for data logging on lobster vessel to explore potential for future vessel electrification

    • Membertou Fisheries Ltd. Partnership – $250,000 for charging infrastructure to support electric lobster vessel

    • Asadalia Fisheries – $250,000 for a hybrid diesel-electric lobster vessel

    • Canadian Red Crab Co. Ltd. – $38,500 for a two-degree heat exchanger in their live lobster holding facility, to reduce refrigeration loads

    • Saww Lobster Inc. – $18,000 for a floating head condenser refrigeration for their live lobster holding facility

    • RRPM Lobster Inc. – $97,500 for floating head refrigeration and two-degree heat exchanger for the refurbishment of their lobster pound

    • Twin Seafood Ltd. – $52,500 for floating head refrigeration in their live lobster holding facility

    • Deep Cove Aqua Farms Ltd. – $100,000 for floating head refrigeration and two-degree heat exchanger to expand their live lobster holding capacity

    • Lobster Hub Inc. – $100,000 for floating head refrigeration and two-degree heat exchanger for a new lobster pound

    • Age Lobster Inc. – $25,000 to add floating head refrigeration and two-degree heat exchanger to their currently unrefrigerated tanks

    • Emery Smith Fisheries Ltd. – $100,000 for floating head refrigeration, two-degree heat exchanger and settling tank to assist with water level issues at their live lobster holding facility

    • Fisherman’s Market International Inc. – $35,000 for floating head refrigeration in their live lobster holding facility to help reduce their electrical load

    • Hot Lobster Fisheries Ltd. – $56,984 for a ground-mounted solar photovoltaic system to offset their lobster processing facility

    • Hailmar Investments Ltd. – $100,000 for a roof-mounted solar photovoltaic system to offset their electrical load at their lobster pound

    • South Shore Lobster Ltd. – $87,155 for a roof-mounted solar photovoltaic system to offset their electrical load at their lobster pound

    • Shoal Cove Developments – $24,826 for a roof-mounted solar photovoltaic system at their marine/boat repair shop

    • Shandaph Oysters Co. Inc. – $33,997 for a roof-mounted solar photovoltaic system with storage capability to electrify their off -grid aquaculture operations

    • Ryan’s Fancy Fisheries Ltd. – $67,571 for a roof-mounted solar photovoltaic system on infrastructure supporting their commercial fishing operations at two sites

    • Innovative Fishery Products – $95,165 for a ground-mounted solar photovoltaic system at their operational facility

    • Aqualitas Inc. – $100,000 for a ground-mounted solar photovoltaic system at their finfish aquaculture facility

    • Right Source Group Ltd. – $50,867 for a roof-mounted solar photovoltaic system at their seafood processing facility

    MIL OSI Canada News –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: Gross Domestic Product by State and Personal Income by State, 1st quarter 2025

    Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis

    Real gross domestic product decreased in 39 states in the first quarter of 2025, with the percent change ranging from 1.7 percent at an annual rate in South Carolina to –6.1 percent in Iowa and Nebraska, according to statistics released today by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (table 1).

    Current-dollar gross domestic product (GDP) increased in 47 states and the District of Columbia, with the percent change ranging from 8.7 percent at an annual rate in North Dakota to –2.7 percent in Iowa.

    Personal income, in current dollars, increased in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in the first quarter of 2025, with the percent change ranging from 12.7 percent at an annual rate in North Dakota to 3.2 percent in Washington state (table 3).

    Real GDP

    In the first quarter of 2025, real GDP for the nation decreased at an annual rate of 0.5 percent. Real GDP decreased in 16 of the 23 industry groups for which BEA prepares quarterly state estimates. Finance and insurance; agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting; and wholesale trade were the leading contributors to the decrease in real GDP nationally (table 2).

    • Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting, which decreased in 39 states, was the leading contributor to the decreases in 11 states, including Nebraska, Iowa, Montana, and Kansas.
    • Mining, which decreased in 43 states, was the leading contributor to the decreases in eight states, including Wyoming, the state with the fifth-largest decline in real GDP.
    • Finance and insurance, which decreased in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, was the leading contributor to decreases in 18 states.
    • Real estate and rental and leasing, which increased in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, was the leading contributor to growth in South Carolina, the state with the largest increase in real GDP.

    Personal income

    In the first quarter of 2025, current-dollar personal income increased $407.3 billion, or 6.7 percent at an annual rate (table 3). Nationally, increases in earnings, transfer receipts, and property income (dividends, interest, and rent) contributed to the increase in personal income (chart 1).

    Earnings increased in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, while growing 5.0 percent nationally (table 4). The percent change in earnings ranged from 13.5 percent in North Dakota to 0.1 percent in Washington state. Earnings increased in 22 of the 24 industries for which BEA prepares quarterly state estimates and was the largest contributor to growth in personal income in 28 states (table 5).

    • Farm earnings was the leading contributor to increases in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Mississippi, the states with the three largest increases in personal income, due in part to government payments from the Emergency Commodity Assistance Program.
    • In South Carolina, the state with the fourth-largest increase in personal income, construction was the leading contributor to the increase in earnings.
    • In Oklahoma, the state with the fifth-largest increase in personal income, mining was the leading contributor to the increase in earnings.

    Transfer receipts increased in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, while growing 13.6 percent nationally. The percent change in transfer receipts ranged from 21.2 percent in Nevada to 9.1 percent in Florida (table 4). The increase in transfer receipts was due in part to an increase in Affordable Care Act premium tax credits and an annual cost-of-living adjustment for Social Security benefits.

    Property income increased in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, while growing 5.6 percent nationally. The percent change ranged from 7.8 percent in Idaho to 3.8 percent in Alaska (table 4).

    Update of state statistics

    Today, BEA also released revised quarterly estimates of personal income by state for the first through fourth quarters of 2024. This update incorporates new and revised source data that are more complete and more detailed than previously available and aligns the states with the national estimates from the National Income and Product Accounts released on June 26, 2025.

    New combined state news release

    On September 26, 2025, BEA will publish quarterly GDP and personal income by state along with annual personal consumption expenditures by state in a single news release. This combined release will provide a fuller picture of the economies of all states and the District of Columbia and will replace the publication of two separate releases issued on different days. BEA will release revised annual state GDP and personal income estimates for 2020 to 2024, along with revised quarterly estimates for the first quarter of 2020 through the first quarter of 2025 and preliminary estimates for the second quarter of 2025. An upcoming article in the Survey of Current Business will describe the results.

    Upcoming changes in the presentation of tables

    BEA’s ongoing modernization and streamlining of news release packages will include changes in the presentation of tables starting with the September 26, 2025 release of GDP, personal income, and personal consumption expenditures (PCE) by state.

    Data previously published as tables within the quarterly and annual news releases on GDP, personal income, and PCE by state will continue to be updated and available simultaneously with the release in BEA’s online Interactive Data Tables. However, tables will no longer be included in the body of the news release. This will reduce duplication, increase efficiency, and point data users directly to our most complete and flexible data tables, via links in the release. These customizable tables include full time series and can be downloaded as PDFs, in Excel, or in CSV format.

    For definitions, statistical conventions, BEA regions, uses of these statistics, and more, visit “Additional Information.”

    Next release: September 26, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. EDT
    Gross Domestic Product by State and Personal Income by State, 2nd Quarter 2025 and Personal Consumption Expenditures by State, 2024

    MIL OSI USA News –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI: XRP News: Nimanode AI Agent Marketplace Nears Launch as Presale Surges Through Major Investors Demand

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    LEEDS, United Kingdom, June 27, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Something surreal has been rumbling inside the XRP ecosystem and early participants and major investors are currently taking advantage of it. Nimanode, the pioneering no-code AI agent platform built natively on the XRP Ledger, is nearing the launch of its Zero-Code AI Agent Builder and AI Agent Marketplace.

    Quickly becoming one of the hottest opportunities in the DeFi space this year, the in native $NMA token has quickly filled almost 30% of it’s Presale allocation which has given investors confidence in the potential DeFi breakout of the year.

    Why the Hype about Nimanode

    Nimanode agents aren’t just simple bots.Their agents think, analyze, and execute on-chain tasks ranging from:

    Smart Contract Generation: AI that turns plain-English prompts into executable XRPL Hook contracts.

    DeFi Yield Optimization: Self-directed agents that shift capital between pools to maximize APY.

    Risk Monitoring: Agents that scan wallets and contracts to flag malicious activity in real-time.

    Web3 Customer Support: Deployable support agents that run 24/7 across DAO forums, dApps, and more.

    RWA Compliance: Regulatory agents that keep tokenized assets aligned with local frameworks.
    And all of it can be created from a zero-code interface, allowing creators, DAOs, or institutions to launch an entire automated ecosystem in minutes.

    $NMA Token: Offering Real Utility

    At the heart of the Nimanode ecosystem lies $NMA, the platform’s native utility token. $NMA will be used for:

    • Activating and deploying AI agents
    • Accessing customized modules and agent logic
    • Participating in DAO governance for platform upgrades
    • Powering transactions within the agent marketplace
    • Rewarding top-performing and widely-used agents

    Early Participants are already getting positioned in one of the most talked about DeFi opportunities, expected to deliver exceptional returns as a 25% return on DEX Listing is already planned for $NMA.

    $NMA Presale

    What’s Next for Nimanode

    The launch of its Zero-Code AI Agent Builder and AI Agent Marketplace will be coming shortly after the Presale has been concluded. Community members will be granted first perks as platform creators, earn staking bonus, and gain rewards for beta testing their protocol.

    Nimanode’s emergence offers a timely opportunity to capture investor interest who missed out on early rally of FET, RNDR and AGIX. Nimanode is building an ecosystem that thrives on its infrastructure to rival top AI platforms.

    Don’t miss out! Head to the Nimanode Presale Page now and claim your $NMA tokens before this early opportunity slips away! Participation details are easy and can be clearly seen on their page.

    Stay Connected with Nimanode

    Website: https://nimanode.com

    Twitter/X: https://x.com/nimanodeai

    Telegram: https://t.me/nimanodeAI

    Documentation: https://docs.nimanode.com

    Contact:
    Nick Lambert
    contact@nimanode.com

    Disclaimer: This is a paid post and is provided by Nimanode. The statements, views, and opinions expressed in this content are solely those of the content provider and do not necessarily reflect the views of this media platform or its publisher. We do not endorse, verify, or guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of any information presented. We do not guarantee any claims, statements, or promises made in this article. This content is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial, investment, or trading advice.Investing in crypto and mining-related opportunities involves significant risks, including the potential loss of capital. It is possible to lose all your capital. These products may not be suitable for everyone, and you should ensure that you understand the risks involved. Seek independent advice if necessary. Speculate only with funds that you can afford to lose. Readers are strongly encouraged to conduct their own research and consult with a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions. However, due to the inherently speculative nature of the blockchain sector—including cryptocurrency, NFTs, and mining—complete accuracy cannot always be guaranteed. Neither the media platform nor the publisher shall be held responsible for any fraudulent activities, misrepresentations, or financial losses arising from the content of this press release. In the event of any legal claims or charges against this article, we accept no liability or responsibility. Globenewswire does not endorse any content on this page.

    Legal Disclaimer: This media platform provides the content of this article on an “as-is” basis, without any warranties or representations of any kind, express or implied. We assume no responsibility for any inaccuracies, errors, or omissions. We do not assume any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information presented herein. Any concerns, complaints, or copyright issues related to this article should be directed to the content provider mentioned above.

    A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/081e3ace-c939-4cfa-9321-9a2fe4244ec0

    The MIL Network –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI: XRP News: Nimanode AI Agent Marketplace Nears Launch as Presale Surges Through Major Investors Demand

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    LEEDS, United Kingdom, June 27, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Something surreal has been rumbling inside the XRP ecosystem and early participants and major investors are currently taking advantage of it. Nimanode, the pioneering no-code AI agent platform built natively on the XRP Ledger, is nearing the launch of its Zero-Code AI Agent Builder and AI Agent Marketplace.

    Quickly becoming one of the hottest opportunities in the DeFi space this year, the in native $NMA token has quickly filled almost 30% of it’s Presale allocation which has given investors confidence in the potential DeFi breakout of the year.

    Why the Hype about Nimanode

    Nimanode agents aren’t just simple bots.Their agents think, analyze, and execute on-chain tasks ranging from:

    Smart Contract Generation: AI that turns plain-English prompts into executable XRPL Hook contracts.

    DeFi Yield Optimization: Self-directed agents that shift capital between pools to maximize APY.

    Risk Monitoring: Agents that scan wallets and contracts to flag malicious activity in real-time.

    Web3 Customer Support: Deployable support agents that run 24/7 across DAO forums, dApps, and more.

    RWA Compliance: Regulatory agents that keep tokenized assets aligned with local frameworks.
    And all of it can be created from a zero-code interface, allowing creators, DAOs, or institutions to launch an entire automated ecosystem in minutes.

    $NMA Token: Offering Real Utility

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    • Activating and deploying AI agents
    • Accessing customized modules and agent logic
    • Participating in DAO governance for platform upgrades
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    Early Participants are already getting positioned in one of the most talked about DeFi opportunities, expected to deliver exceptional returns as a 25% return on DEX Listing is already planned for $NMA.

    $NMA Presale

    What’s Next for Nimanode

    The launch of its Zero-Code AI Agent Builder and AI Agent Marketplace will be coming shortly after the Presale has been concluded. Community members will be granted first perks as platform creators, earn staking bonus, and gain rewards for beta testing their protocol.

    Nimanode’s emergence offers a timely opportunity to capture investor interest who missed out on early rally of FET, RNDR and AGIX. Nimanode is building an ecosystem that thrives on its infrastructure to rival top AI platforms.

    Don’t miss out! Head to the Nimanode Presale Page now and claim your $NMA tokens before this early opportunity slips away! Participation details are easy and can be clearly seen on their page.

    Stay Connected with Nimanode

    Website: https://nimanode.com

    Twitter/X: https://x.com/nimanodeai

    Telegram: https://t.me/nimanodeAI

    Documentation: https://docs.nimanode.com

    Contact:
    Nick Lambert
    contact@nimanode.com

    Disclaimer: This is a paid post and is provided by Nimanode. The statements, views, and opinions expressed in this content are solely those of the content provider and do not necessarily reflect the views of this media platform or its publisher. We do not endorse, verify, or guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of any information presented. We do not guarantee any claims, statements, or promises made in this article. This content is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial, investment, or trading advice.Investing in crypto and mining-related opportunities involves significant risks, including the potential loss of capital. It is possible to lose all your capital. These products may not be suitable for everyone, and you should ensure that you understand the risks involved. Seek independent advice if necessary. Speculate only with funds that you can afford to lose. Readers are strongly encouraged to conduct their own research and consult with a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions. However, due to the inherently speculative nature of the blockchain sector—including cryptocurrency, NFTs, and mining—complete accuracy cannot always be guaranteed. Neither the media platform nor the publisher shall be held responsible for any fraudulent activities, misrepresentations, or financial losses arising from the content of this press release. In the event of any legal claims or charges against this article, we accept no liability or responsibility. Globenewswire does not endorse any content on this page.

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    A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/081e3ace-c939-4cfa-9321-9a2fe4244ec0

    The MIL Network –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Analysis: Hurricane Helene set up future disasters, from landslides to flooding – cascading hazards like these are upending risk models

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Brian J. Yanites, Associate Professor of Earth and Atmospheric Science. Professor of Surficial and Sedimentary Geology, Indiana University

    The Carter Lodge hangs precariously over the flood-scoured bank of the Broad River in Chimney Rock Village, N.C., on May 13, 2025, eight months after Hurricane Helene. AP Photo/Allen G. Breed

    Hurricane Helene lasted only a few days in September 2024, but it altered the landscape of the Southeastern U.S. in profound ways that will affect the hazards local residents face far into the future.

    Mudslides buried roads and reshaped river channels. Uprooted trees left soil on hillslopes exposed to the elements. Sediment that washed into rivers changed how water flows through the landscape, leaving some areas more prone to flooding and erosion.

    Helene was a powerful reminder that natural hazards don’t disappear when the skies clear – they evolve.

    These transformations are part of what scientists call cascading hazards. They occur when one natural event alters the landscape in ways that lead to future hazards. A landslide triggered by a storm might clog a river, leading to downstream flooding months or years later. A wildfire can alter the soil and vegetation, setting the stage for debris flows with the next rainstorm.

    Satellite images before (top) and after Hurricane Helene (bottom) show how the storm altered landscape near Pensacola, N.C., in the Blue Ridge Mountains.
    Google Earth, CC BY

    I study these disasters as a geomorphologist. In a new paper in the journal Science, I and a team of scientists from 18 universities and the U.S. Geological Survey explain why hazard models – used to help communities prepare for disasters – can’t just rely on the past. Instead, they need to be nimble enough to forecast how hazards evolve in real time.

    The science behind cascading hazards

    Cascading hazards aren’t random. They emerge from physical processes that operate continuously across the landscape – sediment movement, weathering, erosion. Together, the atmosphere, biosphere and the earth are constantly reshaping the conditions that cause natural disasters.

    For instance, earthquakes fracture rock and shake loose soil. Even if landslides don’t occur during the quake itself, the ground may be weakened, leaving it primed for failure during later rainstorms.

    That’s exactly what happened after the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan Province, China, which led to a surge in debris flows long after the initial seismic event.

    A strong aftershock after a 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Sichuan province, China, in May 2008 triggered more landslides in central China.
    AP Photo/Andy Wong

    Earth’s surface retains a “memory” of these events. Sediment disturbed in an earthquake, wildfire or severe storm will move downslope over years or even decades, reshaping the landscape as it goes.

    The 1950 Assam earthquake in India is a striking example: It triggered thousands of landslides. The sediment from these landslides gradually moved through the river system, eventually causing flooding and changing river channels in Bangladesh some 20 years later.

    An intensifying threat in a changing world

    These risks present challenges for everything from emergency planning to home insurance. After repeated wildfire-mudslide combinations in California, some insurers pulled out of the state entirely, citing mounting risks and rising costs among the reasons.

    Cascading hazards are not new, but their impact is intensifying.

    Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of wildfires, storms and extreme rainfall. At the same time, urban development continues to expand into steep, hazard-prone terrain, exposing more people and infrastructure to evolving risks.

    The rising risk of interconnected climate disasters like these is overwhelming systems built for isolated events.

    Yet climate change is only part of the equation. Earth processes – such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions – also trigger cascading hazards, often with long-lasting effects.

    Mount St. Helens is a powerful example: More than four decades after its eruption in 1980, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers continues to manage ash and sediment from the eruption to keep it from filling river channels in ways that could increase the flood risk in downstream communities.

    Rethinking risk and building resilience

    Traditionally, insurance companies and disaster managers have estimated hazard risk by looking at past events.

    But when the landscape has changed, the past may no longer be a reliable guide to the future. To address this, computer models based on the physics of how these events work are needed to help forecast hazard evolution in real time, much like weather models update with new atmospheric data.

    A March 2024 landslide in the Oregon Coast Range wiped out trees in its path.
    Brian Yanites, June 2025
    A drone image of the same March 2024 landslide in the Oregon Coast Range shows where it temporarily dammed the river below.
    Brian Yanites, June 2025

    Thanks to advances in Earth observation technology, such as satellite imagery, drone and lidar, which is similar to radar but uses light, scientists can now track how hillslopes, rivers and vegetation change after disasters. These observations can feed into geomorphic models that simulate how loosened sediment moves and where hazards are likely to emerge next.

    Researchers are already coupling weather forecasts with post-wildfire debris flow models. Other models simulate how sediment pulses travel through river networks.

    Cascading hazards reveal that Earth’s surface is not a passive backdrop, but an active, evolving system. Each event reshapes the stage for the next.

    Understanding these connections is critical for building resilience so communities can withstand future storms, earthquakes and the problems created by debris flows. Better forecasts can inform building codes, guide infrastructure design and improve how risk is priced and managed. They can help communities anticipate long-term threats and adapt before the next disaster strikes.

    Most importantly, they challenge everyone to think beyond the immediate aftermath of a disaster – and to recognize the slow, quiet transformations that build toward the next.

    Brian J. Yanites receives funding from the National Science Foundation.

    – ref. Hurricane Helene set up future disasters, from landslides to flooding – cascading hazards like these are upending risk models – https://theconversation.com/hurricane-helene-set-up-future-disasters-from-landslides-to-flooding-cascading-hazards-like-these-are-upending-risk-models-259502

    MIL OSI Analysis –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Analysis: Checking in on New England’s fishing industry 25 Years after ‘The Perfect Storm’ hit movie theaters

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Stephanie Otts, Director of National Sea Grant Law Center, University of Mississippi

    Filming ‘The Perfect Storm’ in Gloucester Harbor, Mass.
    The Salem News Historic Photograph Collection, Salem State University Archives and Special Collections, CC BY

    Twenty-five years ago, “The Perfect Storm” roared into movie theaters. The disaster flick, starring George Clooney and Mark Wahlberg, was a riveting, fictionalized account of commercial swordfishing in New England and a crew who went down in a violent storm.

    The anniversary of the film’s release, on June 30, 2000, provides an opportunity to reflect on the real-life changes to New England’s commercial fishing industry.

    Fishing was once more open to all

    In the true story behind the movie, six men lost their lives in late October 1991 when the commercial swordfishing vessel Andrea Gail disappeared in a fierce storm in the North Atlantic as it was headed home to Gloucester, Massachusetts.

    At the time, and until very recently, almost all commercial fisheries were open access, meaning there were no restrictions on who could fish.

    There were permit requirements and regulations about where, when and how you could fish, but anyone with the means to purchase a boat and associated permits, gear, bait and fuel could enter the fishery. Eight regional councils established under a 1976 federal law to manage fisheries around the U.S. determined how many fish could be harvested prior to the start of each fishing season.

    Fishing has been an integral part of coastal New England culture since its towns were established. In this 1899 photo, a New England community weighs and packs mackerel.
    Charles Stevenson/Freshwater and Marine Image Bank

    Fishing started when the season opened and continued until the catch limit was reached. In some fisheries, this resulted in a “race to the fish” or a “derby,” where vessels competed aggressively to harvest the available catch in short amounts of time. The limit could be reached in a single day, as happened in the Pacific halibut fishery in the late 1980s.

    By the 1990s, however, open access systems were coming under increased criticism from economists as concerns about overfishing rose.

    The fish catch peaked in New England in 1987 and would remain far above what the fish population could sustain for two more decades. Years of overfishing led to the collapse of fish stocks, including North Atlantic cod in 1992 and Pacific sardine in 2015.

    As populations declined, managers responded by cutting catch limits to allow more fish to survive and reproduce. Fishing seasons were shortened, as it took less time for the fleets to harvest the allowed catch. It became increasingly hard for fishermen to catch enough fish to earn a living.

    Saving fisheries changed the industry

    In the early 2000s, as these economic and environmental challenges grew, fisheries managers started limiting access. Instead of allowing anyone to fish, only vessels or individuals meeting certain eligibility requirements would have the right to fish.

    The most common method of limiting access in the U.S. is through limited entry permits, initially awarded to individuals or vessels based on previous participation or success in the fishery. Another approach is to assign individual harvest quotas or “catch shares” to permit holders, limiting how much each boat can bring in.

    In 2007, Congress amended the 1976 Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act to promote the use of limited access programs in U.S. fisheries.

    Ships in the fleet out of New Bedford, Mass.
    Henry Zbyszynski/Flickr, CC BY

    Today, limited access is common, and there are positive signs that the management change is helping achieve the law’s environmental goal of preventing overfishing. Since 2000, the populations of 50 major fishing stocks have been rebuilt, meaning they have recovered to a level that can once again support fishing.

    I’ve been following the changes as a lawyer focused on ocean and coastal issues, and I see much work still to be done.

    Forty fish stocks are currently being managed under rebuilding plans that limit catch to allow the stock to grow, including Atlantic cod, which has struggled to recover due to a complex combination of factors, including climatic changes.

    The lingering effect on communities today

    While many fish stocks have recovered, the effort came at an economic cost to many individual fishermen. The limited-access Northeast groundfish fishery, which includes Atlantic cod, haddock and flounder, shed nearly 800 crew positions between 2007 and 2015.

    The loss of jobs and revenue from fishing impacts individual family income and relationships, strains other businesses in fishing communities, and affects those communities’ overall identity and resilience, as illustrated by a recent economic snapshot of the Alaska seafood industry.

    When original limited-access permit holders leave the business – for economic, personal or other reasons – their permits are either terminated or sold to other eligible permit holders, leading to fewer active vessels in the fleet. As a result, the number of vessels fishing for groundfish has declined from 719 in 2007 to 194 in 2023, meaning fewer jobs.

    A fisherman unloads a portion of his catch for the day of 300 pounds of groundfish, including flounder, in January 2006 in Gloucester, Mass.
    AP Photo/Lisa Poole

    Because of their scarcity, limited-access permits can cost upward of US$500,000, which is often beyond the financial means of a small businesses or a young person seeking to enter the industry. The high prices may also lead retiring fishermen to sell their permits, as opposed to passing them along with the vessels to the next generation.

    These economic forces have significantly altered the fishing industry, leading to more corporate and investor ownership, rather than the family-owned operations that were more common in the Andrea Gail’s time.

    Similar to the experience of small family farms, fishing captains and crews are being pushed into corporate arrangements that reduce their autonomy and revenues.

    Consolidation can threaten the future of entire fleets, as New Bedford, Massachusetts, saw when Blue Harvest Fisheries, backed by a private equity firm, bought up vessels and other assets and then declared bankruptcy a few years later, leaving a smaller fleet and some local business and fishermen unpaid for their work. A company with local connections bought eight vessels from Blue Harvest along with 48 state and federal permits the company held.

    New challenges and unchanging risks

    While there are signs of recovery for New England’s fisheries, challenges continue.

    Warming water temperatures have shifted the distribution of some species, affecting where and when fish are harvested. For example, lobsters have moved north toward Canada. When vessels need to travel farther to find fish, that increases fuel and supply costs and time away from home.

    Fisheries managers will need to continue to adapt to keep New England’s fisheries healthy and productive.

    One thing that, unfortunately, hasn’t changed is the dangerous nature of the occupation. Between 2000 and 2019, 414 fishermen died in 245 disasters.

    Stephanie Otts receives funding from the NOAA National Sea Grant College Program through the U.S. Department of Commerce. Previous support for fisheries management legal research provided by The Nature Conservancy.

    – ref. Checking in on New England’s fishing industry 25 Years after ‘The Perfect Storm’ hit movie theaters – https://theconversation.com/checking-in-on-new-englands-fishing-industry-25-years-after-the-perfect-storm-hit-movie-theaters-255076

    MIL OSI Analysis –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Analysis: Hurricane Helene set up future disasters, from landslides to flooding – cascading hazards like these are now upending risk models

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Brian J. Yanites, Associate Professor of Earth and Atmospheric Science. Professor of Surficial and Sedimentary Geology, Indiana University

    The Carter Lodge hangs precariously over the flood-scoured bank of the Broad River in Chimney Rock Village, N.C., on May 13, 2025, eight months after Hurricane Helene. AP Photo/Allen G. Breed

    Hurricane Helene lasted only a few days in September 2024, but it altered the landscape of the Southeastern U.S. in profound ways that will affect the hazards local residents face far into the future.

    Mudslides buried roads and reshaped river channels. Uprooted trees left soil on hillslopes exposed to the elements. Sediment that washed into rivers changed how water flows through the landscape, leaving some areas more prone to flooding and erosion.

    Helene was a powerful reminder that natural hazards don’t disappear when the skies clear – they evolve.

    These transformations are part of what scientists call cascading hazards. They occur when one natural event alters the landscape in ways that lead to future hazards. A landslide triggered by a storm might clog a river, leading to downstream flooding months or years later. A wildfire can alter the soil and vegetation, setting the stage for debris flows with the next rainstorm.

    Satellite images before (top) and after Hurricane Helene (bottom) show how the storm altered landscape near Pensacola, N.C., in the Blue Ridge Mountains.
    Google Earth, CC BY

    I study these disasters as a geomorphologist. In a new paper in the journal Science, I and a team of scientists from 18 universities and the U.S. Geological Survey explain why hazard models – used to help communities prepare for disasters – can’t just rely on the past. Instead, they need to be nimble enough to forecast how hazards evolve in real time.

    The science behind cascading hazards

    Cascading hazards aren’t random. They emerge from physical processes that operate continuously across the landscape – sediment movement, weathering, erosion. Together, the atmosphere, biosphere and the earth are constantly reshaping the conditions that cause natural disasters.

    For instance, earthquakes fracture rock and shake loose soil. Even if landslides don’t occur during the quake itself, the ground may be weakened, leaving it primed for failure during later rainstorms.

    That’s exactly what happened after the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan Province, China, which led to a surge in debris flows long after the initial seismic event.

    A strong aftershock after a 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Sichuan province, China, in May 2008 triggered more landslides in central China.
    AP Photo/Andy Wong

    Earth’s surface retains a “memory” of these events. Sediment disturbed in an earthquake, wildfire or severe storm will move downslope over years or even decades, reshaping the landscape as it goes.

    The 1950 Assam earthquake in India is a striking example: It triggered thousands of landslides. The sediment from these landslides gradually moved through the river system, eventually causing flooding and changing river channels in Bangladesh some 20 years later.

    An intensifying threat in a changing world

    These risks present challenges for everything from emergency planning to home insurance. After repeated wildfire-mudslide combinations in California, some insurers pulled out of the state entirely, citing mounting risks and rising costs among the reasons.

    Cascading hazards are not new, but their impact is intensifying.

    Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of wildfires, storms and extreme rainfall. At the same time, urban development continues to expand into steep, hazard-prone terrain, exposing more people and infrastructure to evolving risks.

    The rising risk of interconnected climate disasters like these is overwhelming systems built for isolated events.

    Yet climate change is only part of the equation. Earth processes – such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions – also trigger cascading hazards, often with long-lasting effects.

    Mount St. Helens is a powerful example: More than four decades after its eruption in 1980, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers continues to manage ash and sediment from the eruption to keep it from filling river channels in ways that could increase the flood risk in downstream communities.

    Rethinking risk and building resilience

    Traditionally, insurance companies and disaster managers have estimated hazard risk by looking at past events.

    But when the landscape has changed, the past may no longer be a reliable guide to the future. To address this, computer models based on the physics of how these events work are needed to help forecast hazard evolution in real time, much like weather models update with new atmospheric data.

    A March 2024 landslide in the Oregon Coast Range wiped out trees in its path.
    Brian Yanites, June 2025
    A drone image of the same March 2024 landslide in the Oregon Coast Range shows where it temporarily dammed the river below.
    Brian Yanites, June 2025

    Thanks to advances in Earth observation technology, such as satellite imagery, drone and lidar, which is similar to radar but uses light, scientists can now track how hillslopes, rivers and vegetation change after disasters. These observations can feed into geomorphic models that simulate how loosened sediment moves and where hazards are likely to emerge next.

    Researchers are already coupling weather forecasts with post-wildfire debris flow models. Other models simulate how sediment pulses travel through river networks.

    Cascading hazards reveal that Earth’s surface is not a passive backdrop, but an active, evolving system. Each event reshapes the stage for the next.

    Understanding these connections is critical for building resilience so communities can withstand future storms, earthquakes and the problems created by debris flows. Better forecasts can inform building codes, guide infrastructure design and improve how risk is priced and managed. They can help communities anticipate long-term threats and adapt before the next disaster strikes.

    Most importantly, they challenge everyone to think beyond the immediate aftermath of a disaster – and to recognize the slow, quiet transformations that build toward the next.

    Brian J. Yanites receives funding from the National Science Foundation.

    – ref. Hurricane Helene set up future disasters, from landslides to flooding – cascading hazards like these are now upending risk models – https://theconversation.com/hurricane-helene-set-up-future-disasters-from-landslides-to-flooding-cascading-hazards-like-these-are-now-upending-risk-models-259502

    MIL OSI Analysis –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Analysis: Natural disasters don’t disappear when the storm ends or the earthquake stops – they evolve

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Brian J. Yanites, Associate Professor of Earth and Atmospheric Science. Professor of Surficial and Sedimentary Geology, Indiana University

    The Carter Lodge hangs precariously over the flood-scoured bank of the Broad River in Chimney Rock Village, N.C., on May 13, 2025, eight months after Hurricane Helene. AP Photo/Allen G. Breed

    Hurricane Helene lasted only a few days in September 2024, but it altered the landscape of the Southeastern U.S. in profound ways that will affect the hazards local residents face far into the future.

    Mudslides buried roads and reshaped river channels. Uprooted trees left soil on hillslopes exposed to the elements. Sediment that washed into rivers changed how water flows through the landscape, leaving some areas more prone to flooding and erosion.

    Helene was a powerful reminder that natural hazards don’t disappear when the skies clear – they evolve.

    These transformations are part of what scientists call cascading hazards. They occur when one natural event alters the landscape in ways that lead to future hazards. A landslide triggered by a storm might clog a river, leading to downstream flooding months or years later. A wildfire can alter the soil and vegetation, setting the stage for debris flows with the next rainstorm.

    Satellite images before (top) and after Hurricane Helene (bottom) show how the storm altered landscape near Pensacola, N.C., in the Blue Ridge Mountains.
    Google Earth, CC BY

    I study these disasters as a geomorphologist. In a new paper in the journal Science, I and a team of scientists from 18 universities and the U.S. Geological Survey explain why hazard models – used to help communities prepare for disasters – can’t just rely on the past. Instead, they need to be nimble enough to forecast how hazards evolve in real time.

    The science behind cascading hazards

    Cascading hazards aren’t random. They emerge from physical processes that operate continuously across the landscape – sediment movement, weathering, erosion. Together, the atmosphere, biosphere and the earth are constantly reshaping the conditions that cause natural disasters.

    For instance, earthquakes fracture rock and shake loose soil. Even if landslides don’t occur during the quake itself, the ground may be weakened, leaving it primed for failure during later rainstorms.

    That’s exactly what happened after the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan Province, China, which led to a surge in debris flows long after the initial seismic event.

    A strong aftershock after a 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Sichuan province, China, in May 2008 triggered more landslides in central China.
    AP Photo/Andy Wong

    Earth’s surface retains a “memory” of these events. Sediment disturbed in an earthquake, wildfire or severe storm will move downslope over years or even decades, reshaping the landscape as it goes.

    The 1950 Assam earthquake in India is a striking example: It triggered thousands of landslides. The sediment from these landslides gradually moved through the river system, eventually causing flooding and changing river channels in Bangladesh some 20 years later.

    An intensifying threat in a changing world

    These risks present challenges for everything from emergency planning to home insurance. After repeated wildfire-mudslide combinations in California, some insurers pulled out of the state entirely, citing mounting risks and rising costs among the reasons.

    Cascading hazards are not new, but their impact is intensifying.

    Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of wildfires, storms and extreme rainfall. At the same time, urban development continues to expand into steep, hazard-prone terrain, exposing more people and infrastructure to evolving risks.

    The rising risk of interconnected climate disasters like these is overwhelming systems built for isolated events.

    Yet climate change is only part of the equation. Earth processes – such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions – also trigger cascading hazards, often with long-lasting effects.

    Mount St. Helens is a powerful example: More than four decades after its eruption in 1980, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers continues to manage ash and sediment from the eruption to keep it from filling river channels in ways that could increase the flood risk in downstream communities.

    Rethinking risk and building resilience

    Traditionally, insurance companies and disaster managers have estimated hazard risk by looking at past events.

    But when the landscape has changed, the past may no longer be a reliable guide to the future. To address this, computer models based on the physics of how these events work are needed to help forecast hazard evolution in real time, much like weather models update with new atmospheric data.

    A March 2024 landslide in the Oregon Coast Range wiped out trees in its path.
    Brian Yanites, June 2025
    A drone image of the same March 2024 landslide in the Oregon Coast Range shows where it temporarily dammed the river below.
    Brian Yanites, June 2025

    Thanks to advances in Earth observation technology, such as satellite imagery, drone and lidar, which is similar to radar but uses light, scientists can now track how hillslopes, rivers and vegetation change after disasters. These observations can feed into geomorphic models that simulate how loosened sediment moves and where hazards are likely to emerge next.

    Researchers are already coupling weather forecasts with post-wildfire debris flow models. Other models simulate how sediment pulses travel through river networks.

    Cascading hazards reveal that Earth’s surface is not a passive backdrop, but an active, evolving system. Each event reshapes the stage for the next.

    Understanding these connections is critical for building resilience so communities can withstand future storms, earthquakes and the problems created by debris flows. Better forecasts can inform building codes, guide infrastructure design and improve how risk is priced and managed. They can help communities anticipate long-term threats and adapt before the next disaster strikes.

    Most importantly, they challenge everyone to think beyond the immediate aftermath of a disaster – and to recognize the slow, quiet transformations that build toward the next.

    Brian J. Yanites receives funding from the National Science Foundation.

    – ref. Natural disasters don’t disappear when the storm ends or the earthquake stops – they evolve – https://theconversation.com/natural-disasters-dont-disappear-when-the-storm-ends-or-the-earthquake-stops-they-evolve-259502

    MIL OSI Analysis –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Analysis: Natural disasters don’t disappear when the storm ends or the earthquake stops – they evolve

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Brian J. Yanites, Associate Professor of Earth and Atmospheric Science. Professor of Surficial and Sedimentary Geology, Indiana University

    The Carter Lodge hangs precariously over the flood-scoured bank of the Broad River in Chimney Rock Village, N.C., on May 13, 2025, eight months after Hurricane Helene. AP Photo/Allen G. Breed

    Hurricane Helene lasted only a few days in September 2024, but it altered the landscape of the Southeastern U.S. in profound ways that will affect the hazards local residents face far into the future.

    Mudslides buried roads and reshaped river channels. Uprooted trees left soil on hillslopes exposed to the elements. Sediment that washed into rivers changed how water flows through the landscape, leaving some areas more prone to flooding and erosion.

    Helene was a powerful reminder that natural hazards don’t disappear when the skies clear – they evolve.

    These transformations are part of what scientists call cascading hazards. They occur when one natural event alters the landscape in ways that lead to future hazards. A landslide triggered by a storm might clog a river, leading to downstream flooding months or years later. A wildfire can alter the soil and vegetation, setting the stage for debris flows with the next rainstorm.

    Satellite images before (top) and after Hurricane Helene (bottom) show how the storm altered landscape near Pensacola, N.C., in the Blue Ridge Mountains.
    Google Earth, CC BY

    I study these disasters as a geomorphologist. In a new paper in the journal Science, I and a team of scientists from 18 universities and the U.S. Geological Survey explain why hazard models – used to help communities prepare for disasters – can’t just rely on the past. Instead, they need to be nimble enough to forecast how hazards evolve in real time.

    The science behind cascading hazards

    Cascading hazards aren’t random. They emerge from physical processes that operate continuously across the landscape – sediment movement, weathering, erosion. Together, the atmosphere, biosphere and the earth are constantly reshaping the conditions that cause natural disasters.

    For instance, earthquakes fracture rock and shake loose soil. Even if landslides don’t occur during the quake itself, the ground may be weakened, leaving it primed for failure during later rainstorms.

    That’s exactly what happened after the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan Province, China, which led to a surge in debris flows long after the initial seismic event.

    A strong aftershock after a 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Sichuan province, China, in May 2008 triggered more landslides in central China.
    AP Photo/Andy Wong

    Earth’s surface retains a “memory” of these events. Sediment disturbed in an earthquake, wildfire or severe storm will move downslope over years or even decades, reshaping the landscape as it goes.

    The 1950 Assam earthquake in India is a striking example: It triggered thousands of landslides. The sediment from these landslides gradually moved through the river system, eventually causing flooding and changing river channels in Bangladesh some 20 years later.

    An intensifying threat in a changing world

    These risks present challenges for everything from emergency planning to home insurance. After repeated wildfire-mudslide combinations in California, some insurers pulled out of the state entirely, citing mounting risks and rising costs among the reasons.

    Cascading hazards are not new, but their impact is intensifying.

    Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of wildfires, storms and extreme rainfall. At the same time, urban development continues to expand into steep, hazard-prone terrain, exposing more people and infrastructure to evolving risks.

    The rising risk of interconnected climate disasters like these is overwhelming systems built for isolated events.

    Yet climate change is only part of the equation. Earth processes – such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions – also trigger cascading hazards, often with long-lasting effects.

    Mount St. Helens is a powerful example: More than four decades after its eruption in 1980, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers continues to manage ash and sediment from the eruption to keep it from filling river channels in ways that could increase the flood risk in downstream communities.

    Rethinking risk and building resilience

    Traditionally, insurance companies and disaster managers have estimated hazard risk by looking at past events.

    But when the landscape has changed, the past may no longer be a reliable guide to the future. To address this, computer models based on the physics of how these events work are needed to help forecast hazard evolution in real time, much like weather models update with new atmospheric data.

    A March 2024 landslide in the Oregon Coast Range wiped out trees in its path.
    Brian Yanites, June 2025
    A drone image of the same March 2024 landslide in the Oregon Coast Range shows where it temporarily dammed the river below.
    Brian Yanites, June 2025

    Thanks to advances in Earth observation technology, such as satellite imagery, drone and lidar, which is similar to radar but uses light, scientists can now track how hillslopes, rivers and vegetation change after disasters. These observations can feed into geomorphic models that simulate how loosened sediment moves and where hazards are likely to emerge next.

    Researchers are already coupling weather forecasts with post-wildfire debris flow models. Other models simulate how sediment pulses travel through river networks.

    Cascading hazards reveal that Earth’s surface is not a passive backdrop, but an active, evolving system. Each event reshapes the stage for the next.

    Understanding these connections is critical for building resilience so communities can withstand future storms, earthquakes and the problems created by debris flows. Better forecasts can inform building codes, guide infrastructure design and improve how risk is priced and managed. They can help communities anticipate long-term threats and adapt before the next disaster strikes.

    Most importantly, they challenge everyone to think beyond the immediate aftermath of a disaster – and to recognize the slow, quiet transformations that build toward the next.

    Brian J. Yanites receives funding from the National Science Foundation.

    – ref. Natural disasters don’t disappear when the storm ends or the earthquake stops – they evolve – https://theconversation.com/natural-disasters-dont-disappear-when-the-storm-ends-or-the-earthquake-stops-they-evolve-259502

    MIL OSI Analysis –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Analysis: Natural disasters don’t disappear when the storm ends or the earthquake stops – they evolve

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Brian J. Yanites, Associate Professor of Earth and Atmospheric Science. Professor of Surficial and Sedimentary Geology, Indiana University

    The Carter Lodge hangs precariously over the flood-scoured bank of the Broad River in Chimney Rock Village, N.C., on May 13, 2025, eight months after Hurricane Helene. AP Photo/Allen G. Breed

    Hurricane Helene lasted only a few days in September 2024, but it altered the landscape of the Southeastern U.S. in profound ways that will affect the hazards local residents face far into the future.

    Mudslides buried roads and reshaped river channels. Uprooted trees left soil on hillslopes exposed to the elements. Sediment that washed into rivers changed how water flows through the landscape, leaving some areas more prone to flooding and erosion.

    Helene was a powerful reminder that natural hazards don’t disappear when the skies clear – they evolve.

    These transformations are part of what scientists call cascading hazards. They occur when one natural event alters the landscape in ways that lead to future hazards. A landslide triggered by a storm might clog a river, leading to downstream flooding months or years later. A wildfire can alter the soil and vegetation, setting the stage for debris flows with the next rainstorm.

    Satellite images before (top) and after Hurricane Helene (bottom) show how the storm altered landscape near Pensacola, N.C., in the Blue Ridge Mountains.
    Google Earth, CC BY

    I study these disasters as a geomorphologist. In a new paper in the journal Science, I and a team of scientists from 18 universities and the U.S. Geological Survey explain why hazard models – used to help communities prepare for disasters – can’t just rely on the past. Instead, they need to be nimble enough to forecast how hazards evolve in real time.

    The science behind cascading hazards

    Cascading hazards aren’t random. They emerge from physical processes that operate continuously across the landscape – sediment movement, weathering, erosion. Together, the atmosphere, biosphere and the earth are constantly reshaping the conditions that cause natural disasters.

    For instance, earthquakes fracture rock and shake loose soil. Even if landslides don’t occur during the quake itself, the ground may be weakened, leaving it primed for failure during later rainstorms.

    That’s exactly what happened after the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan Province, China, which led to a surge in debris flows long after the initial seismic event.

    A strong aftershock after a 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Sichuan province, China, in May 2008 triggered more landslides in central China.
    AP Photo/Andy Wong

    Earth’s surface retains a “memory” of these events. Sediment disturbed in an earthquake, wildfire or severe storm will move downslope over years or even decades, reshaping the landscape as it goes.

    The 1950 Assam earthquake in India is a striking example: It triggered thousands of landslides. The sediment from these landslides gradually moved through the river system, eventually causing flooding and changing river channels in Bangladesh some 20 years later.

    An intensifying threat in a changing world

    These risks present challenges for everything from emergency planning to home insurance. After repeated wildfire-mudslide combinations in California, some insurers pulled out of the state entirely, citing mounting risks and rising costs among the reasons.

    Cascading hazards are not new, but their impact is intensifying.

    Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of wildfires, storms and extreme rainfall. At the same time, urban development continues to expand into steep, hazard-prone terrain, exposing more people and infrastructure to evolving risks.

    The rising risk of interconnected climate disasters like these is overwhelming systems built for isolated events.

    Yet climate change is only part of the equation. Earth processes – such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions – also trigger cascading hazards, often with long-lasting effects.

    Mount St. Helens is a powerful example: More than four decades after its eruption in 1980, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers continues to manage ash and sediment from the eruption to keep it from filling river channels in ways that could increase the flood risk in downstream communities.

    Rethinking risk and building resilience

    Traditionally, insurance companies and disaster managers have estimated hazard risk by looking at past events.

    But when the landscape has changed, the past may no longer be a reliable guide to the future. To address this, computer models based on the physics of how these events work are needed to help forecast hazard evolution in real time, much like weather models update with new atmospheric data.

    A March 2024 landslide in the Oregon Coast Range wiped out trees in its path.
    Brian Yanites, June 2025
    A drone image of the same March 2024 landslide in the Oregon Coast Range shows where it temporarily dammed the river below.
    Brian Yanites, June 2025

    Thanks to advances in Earth observation technology, such as satellite imagery, drone and lidar, which is similar to radar but uses light, scientists can now track how hillslopes, rivers and vegetation change after disasters. These observations can feed into geomorphic models that simulate how loosened sediment moves and where hazards are likely to emerge next.

    Researchers are already coupling weather forecasts with post-wildfire debris flow models. Other models simulate how sediment pulses travel through river networks.

    Cascading hazards reveal that Earth’s surface is not a passive backdrop, but an active, evolving system. Each event reshapes the stage for the next.

    Understanding these connections is critical for building resilience so communities can withstand future storms, earthquakes and the problems created by debris flows. Better forecasts can inform building codes, guide infrastructure design and improve how risk is priced and managed. They can help communities anticipate long-term threats and adapt before the next disaster strikes.

    Most importantly, they challenge everyone to think beyond the immediate aftermath of a disaster – and to recognize the slow, quiet transformations that build toward the next.

    Brian J. Yanites receives funding from the National Science Foundation.

    – ref. Natural disasters don’t disappear when the storm ends or the earthquake stops – they evolve – https://theconversation.com/natural-disasters-dont-disappear-when-the-storm-ends-or-the-earthquake-stops-they-evolve-259502

    MIL OSI Analysis –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: $200M Boost for Critical Water Infrastructure

    Source: US State of New York

    overnor Kathy Hochul today announced that the Environmental Facilities Corporation Board of Directors approved nearly $200 million in financial assistance for water infrastructure improvement projects across New York State. The Board’s approval authorizes municipal access to low-cost financing and grants to get shovels in the ground for critical water and sewer infrastructure projects, from treatment processes to remove emerging contaminants from drinking water, to replacing lead service lines and modernizing aging systems. These investments protect public health and make projects more affordable, reducing the need for higher rate increases to fund improvements, while also creating good-paying jobs.

    “Clean water is a fundamental right, and New York is leading the way in making sure communities have the resources they need to protect it,” Governor Hochul said. “This funding will help New York City and communities across the state make critical upgrades to aging infrastructure, reduce pollution, and deliver safe, reliable water, while protecting the pockets of New Yorkers.”

    The Board approved a major $50 million investment in New York City, including a $25 million grant from the federal Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) funding. The grant will be used by New York City exclusively for affordability programs that provide financial assistance to low-income water and sewer customers. The $25 million in interest-free financing will support a stormwater and resiliency project that is a key component of the larger Gowanus Canal Superfund Site cleanup. Construction of underground tanks and a network of improvements will fortify the City’s sewers and reduce combined sewage and stormwater overflows that have polluted the canal for a century.

    Today’s announcement builds on a longstanding State-City partnership that has advanced transformative water and sewer improvements. EFC’s financial assistance over the past 15 years has saved City ratepayers more than $2.7 billion on water infrastructure projects, including more than $400 million in direct grants. Under Governor Hochul’s leadership, the State continues to deliver critical financial resources to complete essential projects, ease the burden on local ratepayers, and build stronger, more resilient neighborhoods for generations to come.

    EFC’s Board approved grants and financings to local governments from the Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds – a mix of federal and state dollars dedicated to financing community water infrastructure projects. State Revolving Fund interest rates are below market rate, and with long repayment periods, communities may save significantly on debt service compared to traditional financing. IIJA funding bolstered the State Revolving Funds and accelerated progress on essential clean water and drinking water projects.

    The Board also approved executing previously awarded State grants from the Water Infrastructure Improvement and Lead Infrastructure Forgiveness and Transformation programs. EFC Board approval is a critical step in the funding process and will allow communities to access these funds for project implementation. Leveraging federal funding with state investments maximizes the impact of each dollar spent, empowering local communities to make critical system improvements they need to keep their residents safe and ensuring cost is not a barrier for project implementation.

    Environmental Facilities Corporation President & CEO Maureen A. Coleman said, “Under Governor Hochul’s leadership, we are making historic investments that help communities take on complex, long-needed infrastructure projects without overburdening local ratepayers. Today’s announcement underscores the State’s unwavering commitment to affordable drinking water and wastewater service in New York City and communities statewide. We’re not just financing construction—we’re helping to deliver a cleaner, greener, more resilient future that New Yorkers deserve.”

    New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Commissioner Amanda Lefton said, “Investing in local water infrastructure and ensuring all communities have access to clean water is a top priority for New York. Across the state, municipalities large and small are challenged by aging water mains, crumbling wastewater treatment facilities, and outdated sewer systems. Governor Hochul continues to make generational investments that will help communities address critical infrastructure needs and protect water quality, water quantity, and our environment while keeping costs down for cash-strapped municipalities and New Yorkers.”

    New York State Health Commissioner Dr. James McDonald said, “Governor Hochul has made it clear that access to safe, clean drinking water is a top priority. This latest round of funding helps ensure those critical projects—like removing emerging contaminants—are both an affordable and achievable reality for communities across New York State. The State Health Department will continue to work with local municipalities and our state partners to make sure the water coming from the tap is safe and healthy for all New Yorkers.”

    New York State Secretary of State Walter T. Mosley said, “Governor Hochul recognizes that clean water infrastructure is vital to public health, economic development and community quality of life. The Governor’s visionary commitment of $200 million in low-cost financing and grants provides local governments with the support they need to become more resilient, sustainable and prosperous well into the future.”

    Senator Charles Schumer said, “Everyone deserves access to clean drinking water. These major federal investments will ensure families from Chautauqua to Port Washington have safe drinking water and our beautiful waterways stay clean, all while creating new good-paying jobs, jobs, jobs. I am proud to deliver millions in federal funding and will fight to preserve funding to modernize drinking water and water-sewer systems in the upcoming budget. I am grateful for Governor Hochul’s partnership in the fight to turn the tide on our state’s aging water infrastructure to keep our communities safe and healthy.”

    Representative Grace Meng said, “From combating flooding to ensuring clean drinking water, upgrading our water infrastructure is a crucial investment in our state’s future, and I’m always proud to fight for funding that makes these types of projects possible. I thank Governor Hochul for her leadership and helping to make needed improvements happen across New York.”

    Representative Joe Morelle said, “Everyone deserves to have confidence that the water from their kitchen faucet is clean and safe to use. In Washington, I’m always fighting for projects that support our community’s health and wellbeing. I’m grateful to Governor Hochul for her continued leadership and partnership in building a healthier New York for all.”

    Representative Tom Suozzi said, “The Governor and the state are effectively delivering essential funds to New York’s local water providers from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, which I helped negotiate as a member of the Problem Solvers Caucus. The Port Washington project is a crucial investment that will enhance and protect our water infrastructure for future generations while reducing the financial burden on our local taxpayers. I will continue to work with the state to try and bring vital federal resources back to New York.”

    Representative Pat Ryan said, “The freedom to drink clean water is fundamentally American. Our community has been pushing hard to ensure that every Hudson Valley family – especially our kids – has access to clean, safe drinking water. We’ve made real progress, including in Poughkeepsie. Last year, I was proud to work with the Governor to secure critical funds for lead pipe removal in Poughkeepsie. This funding is another step towards ensuring clean water for all, and I thank the Governor and all our partners for their advocacy and commitment to Hudson Valley public health.”

    State Senator Pete Harckham said, “This major investment from the state ensures public health standards while supporting local municipalities. Maintaining safe, accessible drinking water sources and supply systems is integral to future growth and prosperity, and I thank Governor Hochul, my colleagues in the State Legislature and the New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation for making the financial commitment to see this through.”

    Assemblymember Deborah J. Glick said, “Communities across New York are facing mounting challenges when it comes to water infrastructure—whether it’s combating contaminants like PFAS, repairing aging water and sewer systems, or replacing lead service lines. This critical funding provides much-needed support to local governments working to protect public health and ensure clean, safe water. I’m especially grateful that $50 million has been directed to support infrastructure improvements in New York City, and I thank Governor Hochul for her continued leadership in prioritizing these essential investments.”

    New York City Department of Environmental Protection Commissioner Rohit T. Aggarwala said, “New York City is home to nearly half of the State’s population and will make full and beneficial use of this grant and financing, which will help the people of Gowanus as well as low-income water customers across the five boroughs. This commitment from the State represents a new and positive development in the collaboration between EFC and DEP and I’m grateful for this partnership.”

    Funding was approved for projects in the following regions:

    Finger Lakes

    • Town of Leroy – $5 million grant for the formation of Water District No. 12, including installation of approximately 173,000 linear feet of water mains and appurtenances including hydrants, valves, and service meters.
    • Town of Milo – $366,000 grant for the installation of 4,600 linear feet of water main, gate valves, hydrants, meters, and additional appurtenances along NYS Route 54 to form Water District No. 4.
    • City of Rochester – $24 million for the replacement of 3,269 lead service lines, approximately 14% of the total lead and galvanized services lines in the water system. Rochester is one of 12 municipalities to receive a State grant as well as federal IIJA grants and interest-free financing for lead service line replacement. The State grant will reimburse costs that were not fully covered by IIJA grants, so upon completion of this project, the City won’t have to pay back the financing.

    Long Island

    • Village of Farmingdale – $4.6 million grant for the installation of an advanced oxidation process treatment system for the removal of 1,4-dioxane and a granular activated carbon treatment system for removal of PFOA and PFOS at the Ridge Road Well Site Plant No. 2.
    • Port Washington Water District – $5 million in grants for the construction of a granular activated carbon treatment system for the removal of PFOA and PFOS from Hewlett Well No. 4.
    • Suffolk County Water Authority – $1.5 million grant for the installation of approximately 7,500 linear feet of water main, gate valves, hydrants, meters, and additional appurtenances to provide public water to homes with contaminated private wells along Old Country Road.

    Mid-Hudson

    • City of Poughkeepsie – $6.7 million grant and low-cost financing package for the rehabilitation of the Fallkill Trunk portion of the sanitary sewer collection system.

    North Country

    • Village of Port Leyden – $8 million grant and interest-free financing package for the replacement of approximately 18,000 linear feet of water main and associated appurtenances, replacement of water meters, and water treatment plant upgrades.

    New York City

    • New York City Municipal Water Finance Authority – $50 million grant and interest-free financing package for the planning, design, and construction of the Gowanus Canal combined sewer overflow abatement facilities.

    Western New York

    • Village of Andover – $1.4 million grant for the development of a new groundwater well to provide needed source redundancy and replace an existing noncompliant spring source. The Board previously approved an interest-free financing in addition to the grant to support this project.
    • Town of Chautauqua – $7.7 million grant and interest-free financing package for the development of two new groundwater wells and a new treatment plant to replace the existing water source and treatment plant, and installation of approximately 14,000 linear feet of transmission and distribution water mains to extend the water district and serve 345 new residences that are currently dependent on private wells.
    • Town of Clymer – $10.5 million grant and interest-free financing package for the development and installation of a new ground water well to provide additional source capacity, replacement of approximately 26,000 linear feet of watermains, valves, hydrants, and appurtenances and a new 200,000-gallon water storage tank to replace a deteriorated tank.
    • Town of Ellicott – $6.4 million in grants for the design and construction of a sewer district extension.
    • Town of Randolph – $4.5 million grant and low-cost financing package for the planning, design, and construction of wastewater treatment plant improvements.
    • Town of Westfield – $9.5 million grant and interest-free financing for the design and construction of wastewater treatment plant and collection system improvements.

    Refinancing Completed Projects Will Achieve Long-Term Debt Service Savings
    The Board also took action to help ensure continued, long-term affordability of existing projects. EFC provides short-term financing for design and construction of projects. Once project construction is completed, the short-term financing is typically refinanced to long-term financing for up to 30 years. Based on current market conditions, these long-term interest-free financings are projected to save local ratepayers an estimated $51 million in interest payments over the life of the financings.

    The Board approved long-term financing for projects undertaken by communities in the following regions:

    Mohawk Valley

    • Village of Middleburgh – $2.5 million long-term interest-free financing for the planning, design, and construction of upgrades to the wastewater treatment plant.

    New York City

    • New York City Municipal Water Finance Authority – $42 million long-term interest-free financing for the design and construction of new engine generators to utilize digester gas and natural gas to cogenerate power and heat for on-site use at the North River Water Resource Recovery Facility.

    North Country

    • Village of Lowville – $9.3 million long-term interest-free financing for the planning, design, and construction of wastewater treatment plant improvements.

    New York’s Commitment to Water Quality
    New York State continues to increase its nation-leading investments in water infrastructure, including more than $2.2 billion in financial assistance from EFC for local water infrastructure projects in State Fiscal Year 2024 alone. The next round of EFC’s Water Infrastructure Improvement and Intermunicipal Water Infrastructure Grants is now open at www.efc.ny.gov. Governor Hochul has announced $325 million for this round.

    With $500 million allocated for clean water infrastructure in the FY26 Enacted Budget announced by Governor Hochul, New York will have invested a total of $6 billion in water infrastructure between 2017 and this year. Any community needing assistance with water infrastructure projects is encouraged to contact EFC. New Yorkers can track projects benefiting from EFC’s investments using the interactive project impact dashboard.

    MIL OSI USA News –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Analysis: Cascading disasters like those created by Hurricane Helene show why hazard models can’t rely on the past

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Brian J. Yanites, Associate Professor of Earth and Atmospheric Science. Professor of Surficial and Sedimentary Geology, Indiana University

    The Carter Lodge hangs precariously over the flood-scoured bank of the Broad River in Chimney Rock Village, N.C., on May 13, 2025, eight months after Hurricane Helene. AP Photo/Allen G. Breed

    Hurricane Helene lasted only a few days in September 2024, but it altered the landscape of the Southeastern U.S. in profound ways that will affect the hazards local residents face far into the future.

    Mudslides buried roads and reshaped river channels. Uprooted trees left soil on hillslopes exposed to the elements. Sediment that washed into rivers changed how water flows through the landscape, leaving some areas more prone to flooding and erosion.

    Helene was a powerful reminder that natural hazards don’t disappear when the skies clear – they evolve.

    These transformations are part of what scientists call cascading hazards. They occur when one natural event alters the landscape in ways that lead to future hazards. A landslide triggered by a storm might clog a river, leading to downstream flooding months or years later. A wildfire can alter the soil and vegetation, setting the stage for debris flows with the next rainstorm.

    Satellite images before (top) and after Hurricane Helene (bottom) show how the storm altered landscape near Pensacola, N.C., in the Blue Ridge Mountains.
    Google Earth, CC BY

    I study these disasters as a geomorphologist. In a new paper in the journal Science, I and a team of scientists from 18 universities and the U.S. Geological Survey explain why hazard models – used to help communities prepare for disasters – can’t just rely on the past. Instead, they need to be nimble enough to forecast how hazards evolve in real time.

    The science behind cascading hazards

    Cascading hazards aren’t random. They emerge from physical processes that operate continuously across the landscape – sediment movement, weathering, erosion. Together, the atmosphere, biosphere and the earth are constantly reshaping the conditions that cause natural disasters.

    For instance, earthquakes fracture rock and shake loose soil. Even if landslides don’t occur during the quake itself, the ground may be weakened, leaving it primed for failure during later rainstorms.

    That’s exactly what happened after the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan Province, China, which led to a surge in debris flows long after the initial seismic event.

    A strong aftershock after a 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Sichuan province, China, in May 2008 triggered more landslides in central China.
    AP Photo/Andy Wong

    Earth’s surface retains a “memory” of these events. Sediment disturbed in an earthquake, wildfire or severe storm will move downslope over years or even decades, reshaping the landscape as it goes.

    The 1950 Assam earthquake in India is a striking example: It triggered thousands of landslides. The sediment from these landslides gradually moved through the river system, eventually causing flooding and changing river channels in Bangladesh some 20 years later.

    An intensifying threat in a changing world

    These risks present challenges for everything from emergency planning to home insurance. After repeated wildfire-mudslide combinations in California, some insurers pulled out of the state entirely, citing mounting risks and rising costs among the reasons.

    Cascading hazards are not new, but their impact is intensifying.

    Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of wildfires, storms and extreme rainfall. At the same time, urban development continues to expand into steep, hazard-prone terrain, exposing more people and infrastructure to evolving risks.

    The rising risk of interconnected climate disasters like these is overwhelming systems built for isolated events.

    Yet climate change is only part of the equation. Earth processes – such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions – also trigger cascading hazards, often with long-lasting effects.

    Mount St. Helens is a powerful example: More than four decades after its eruption in 1980, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers continues to manage ash and sediment from the eruption to keep it from filling river channels in ways that could increase the flood risk in downstream communities.

    Rethinking risk and building resilience

    Traditionally, insurance companies and disaster managers have estimated hazard risk by looking at past events.

    But when the landscape has changed, the past may no longer be a reliable guide to the future. To address this, computer models based on the physics of how these events work are needed to help forecast hazard evolution in real time, much like weather models update with new atmospheric data.

    A March 2024 landslide in the Oregon Coast Range wiped out trees in its path.
    Brian Yanites, June 2025
    A drone image of the same March 2024 landslide in the Oregon Coast Range shows where it temporarily dammed the river below.
    Brian Yanites, June 2025

    Thanks to advances in Earth observation technology, such as satellite imagery, drone and lidar, which is similar to radar but uses light, scientists can now track how hillslopes, rivers and vegetation change after disasters. These observations can feed into geomorphic models that simulate how loosened sediment moves and where hazards are likely to emerge next.

    Researchers are already coupling weather forecasts with post-wildfire debris flow models. Other models simulate how sediment pulses travel through river networks.

    Cascading hazards reveal that Earth’s surface is not a passive backdrop, but an active, evolving system. Each event reshapes the stage for the next.

    Understanding these connections is critical for building resilience so communities can withstand future storms, earthquakes and the problems created by debris flows. Better forecasts can inform building codes, guide infrastructure design and improve how risk is priced and managed. They can help communities anticipate long-term threats and adapt before the next disaster strikes.

    Most importantly, they challenge everyone to think beyond the immediate aftermath of a disaster – and to recognize the slow, quiet transformations that build toward the next.

    Brian J. Yanites receives funding from the National Science Foundation.

    – ref. Cascading disasters like those created by Hurricane Helene show why hazard models can’t rely on the past – https://theconversation.com/cascading-disasters-like-those-created-by-hurricane-helene-show-why-hazard-models-cant-rely-on-the-past-259502

    MIL OSI Analysis –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Analysis: Toxic algae blooms are lasting longer in Lake Erie − why that’s a worry for people and pets

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Gregory J. Dick, Professor of Biology, University of Michigan

    A satellite image from Aug. 13, 2024, shows an algal bloom covering approximately 320 square miles (830 square km) of Lake Erie. By Aug. 22, it had nearly doubled in size. NASA Earth Observatory

    Federal scientists released their annual forecast for Lake Erie’s harmful algal blooms on June 26, 2025, and they expect a mild to moderate season. However, anyone who comes in contact with the blooms can face health risks, and it’s worth remembering that 2014, when toxins from algae blooms contaminated the water supply in Toledo, Ohio, was considered a moderate year, too.

    We asked Gregory J. Dick, who leads the Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, a federally funded center at the University of Michigan that studies harmful algal blooms among other Great Lakes issues, why they’re such a concern.

    The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s prediction for harmful algal bloom severity in Lake Erie compared with past years.
    NOAA

    1. What causes harmful algal blooms?

    Harmful algal blooms are dense patches of excessive algae growth that can occur in any type of water body, including ponds, reservoirs, rivers, lakes and oceans. When you see them in freshwater, you’re typically seeing cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae.

    These photosynthetic bacteria have inhabited our planet for billions of years. In fact, they were responsible for oxygenating Earth’s atmosphere, which enabled plant and animal life as we know it.

    The leading source of harmful algal blooms today is nutrient runoff from fertilized farm fields.
    Michigan Sea Grant

    Algae are natural components of ecosystems, but they cause trouble when they proliferate to high densities, creating what we call blooms.

    Harmful algal blooms form scums at the water surface and produce toxins that can harm ecosystems, water quality and human health. They have been reported in all 50 U.S. states, all five Great Lakes and nearly every country around the world. Blue-green algae blooms are becoming more common in inland waters.

    The main sources of harmful algal blooms are excess nutrients in the water, typically phosphorus and nitrogen.

    Historically, these excess nutrients mainly came from sewage and phosphorus-based detergents used in laundry machines and dishwashers that ended up in waterways. U.S. environmental laws in the early 1970s addressed this by requiring sewage treatment and banning phosphorus detergents, with spectacular success.

    How pollution affected Lake Erie in the 1960s, before clean water regulations.

    Today, agriculture is the main source of excess nutrients from chemical fertilizer or manure applied to farm fields to grow crops. Rainstorms wash these nutrients into streams and rivers that deliver them to lakes and coastal areas, where they fertilize algal blooms. In the U.S., most of these nutrients come from industrial-scale corn production, which is largely used as animal feed or to produce ethanol for gasoline.

    Climate change also exacerbates the problem in two ways. First, cyanobacteria grow faster at higher temperatures. Second, climate-driven increases in precipitation, especially large storms, cause more nutrient runoff that has led to record-setting blooms.

    2. What does your team’s DNA testing tell us about Lake Erie’s harmful algal blooms?

    Harmful algal blooms contain a mixture of cyanobacterial species that can produce an array of different toxins, many of which are still being discovered.

    When my colleagues and I recently sequenced DNA from Lake Erie water, we found new types of microcystins, the notorious toxins that were responsible for contaminating Toledo’s drinking water supply in 2014.

    These novel molecules cannot be detected with traditional methods and show some signs of causing toxicity, though further studies are needed to confirm their human health effects.

    Blue-green algae blooms in freshwater, like this one near Toledo in 2014, can be harmful to humans, causing gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, fever and skin irritation. They can be lethal for pets.
    Ty Wright for The Washington Post via Getty Images

    We also found organisms responsible for producing saxitoxin, a potent neurotoxin that is well known for causing paralytic shellfish poisoning on the Pacific Coast of North America and elsewhere.

    Saxitoxins have been detected at low concentrations in the Great Lakes for some time, but the recent discovery of hot spots of genes that make the toxin makes them an emerging concern.

    Our research suggests warmer water temperatures could boost its production, which raises concerns that saxitoxin will become more prevalent with climate change. However, the controls on toxin production are complex, and more research is needed to test this hypothesis. Federal monitoring programs are essential for tracking and understanding emerging threats.

    3. Should people worry about these blooms?

    Harmful algal blooms are unsightly and smelly, making them a concern for recreation, property values and businesses. They can disrupt food webs and harm aquatic life, though a recent study suggested that their effects on the Lake Erie food web so far are not substantial.

    But the biggest impact is from the toxins these algae produce that are harmful to humans and lethal to pets.

    The toxins can cause acute health problems such as gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, fever and skin irritation. Dogs can die from ingesting lake water with harmful algal blooms. Emerging science suggests that long-term exposure to harmful algal blooms, for example over months or years, can cause or exacerbate chronic respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal problems and may be linked to liver cancers, kidney disease and neurological issues.

    The water intake system for the city of Toledo, Ohio, is surrounded by an algae bloom in 2014. Toxic algae got into the water system, resulting in residents being warned not to touch or drink their tap water for three days.
    AP Photo/Haraz N. Ghanbari

    In addition to exposure through direct ingestion or skin contact, recent research also indicates that inhaling toxins that get into the air may harm health, raising concerns for coastal residents and boaters, but more research is needed to understand the risks.

    The Toledo drinking water crisis of 2014 illustrated the vast potential for algal blooms to cause harm in the Great Lakes. Toxins infiltrated the drinking water system and were detected in processed municipal water, resulting in a three-day “do not drink” advisory. The episode affected residents, hospitals and businesses, and it ultimately cost the city an estimated US$65 million.

    4. Blooms seem to be starting earlier in the year and lasting longer – why is that happening?

    Warmer waters are extending the duration of the blooms.

    In 2025, NOAA detected these toxins in Lake Erie on April 28, earlier than ever before. The 2022 bloom in Lake Erie persisted into November, which is rare if not unprecedented.

    Scientific studies of western Lake Erie show that the potential cyanobacterial growth rate has increased by up to 30% and the length of the bloom season has expanded by up to a month from 1995 to 2022, especially in warmer, shallow waters. These results are consistent with our understanding of cyanobacterial physiology: Blooms like it hot – cyanobacteria grow faster at higher temperatures.

    5. What can be done to reduce the likelihood of algal blooms in the future?

    The best and perhaps only hope of reducing the size and occurrence of harmful algal blooms is to reduce the amount of nutrients reaching the Great Lakes.

    In Lake Erie, where nutrients come primarily from agriculture, that means improving agricultural practices and restoring wetlands to reduce the amount of nutrients flowing off of farm fields and into the lake. Early indications suggest that Ohio’s H2Ohio program, which works with farmers to reduce runoff, is making some gains in this regard, but future funding for H2Ohio is uncertain.

    In places like Lake Superior, where harmful algal blooms appear to be driven by climate change, the solution likely requires halting and reversing the rapid human-driven increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

    Gregory J. Dick receives funding for harmful algal bloom research from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science Foundation, the United States Geological Survey, and the National Institutes for Health. He serves on the Science Advisory Council for the Environmental Law and Policy Center.

    – ref. Toxic algae blooms are lasting longer in Lake Erie − why that’s a worry for people and pets – https://theconversation.com/toxic-algae-blooms-are-lasting-longer-in-lake-erie-why-thats-a-worry-for-people-and-pets-259954

    MIL OSI Analysis –

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: Government identifies 59 biodiversity projects to unlock green finance

    Source: South Africa News Agency

    Government has identified 59 bankable biodiversity projects that are expected to generate at least $450,000 in green finance, Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Dr Dion George announced during the department’s budget vote speech in Parliament on Friday.

    These funds were identified through the biodiversity sector investment portal, which links investors with bankable projects as a means of growing the biodiversity economy. 

    The portal is among the initiatives by the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE) has undertaken to position the department as a national leader in environmental financing.

    “In the face of budget cuts, the DFFE is doubling down on financial discipline and innovation to ensure every rand unlocks value for people and the environment. Our proactive spending review, initiated in October 2024, has identified significant cost-saving opportunities,  aiming to redirect resources towards high-impact environmental and conservation initiatives.

    “Each branch is now mandated to explore new revenue streams, reduce unnecessary expenditure, and secure sustainable financing. Work has also begun on draft regulations to unlock the value of carbon credits,” the Minister said.

    These will lay the groundwork for monetising environmental assets under the department’s portfolio – supporting job creation, habitat conservation, private sector investment, and financing of priority programmes. 

    “This marks a bold step toward positioning DFFE as a national leader in environmental financing. To support this broader mandate, we have launched discussions with international donors, private partners, and philanthropies.

    “The Green Fund, managed by the Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA), continues to channel public funding into innovative climate, energy, and waste projects. Our investment portal for the biodiversity economy has already spotlighted 59 bankable projects, leading to at least $450,000 in green finance committed,” he said.

    George assured parliament that the department’s entities continue to deliver exceptional impact – conserving our heritage, generating jobs, and building community resilience.

    “The South African National Parks (SANParks)  has placed inclusive development at the centre of its conservation mandate. Over the past five years, it has provided over 21 000 full-time jobs through the Expanded Public Works Programme, supported 3 127 small, micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs), and delivered 2 264 animals to emerging game farmers—ensuring that protected areas become engines of opportunity for surrounding communities.

    “iSimangaliso Wetland Park Authority is advancing its commercialisation strategy, with 62 contracts already signed and new revenue from tourism concessionaires set to flow directly to the entity from 1 September 2025,” the Minister said.

    As the nation’s frontline in early warning systems, the South African Weather Service has issued nearly 1 400 severe weather alerts last year and reached over 2 million vulnerable citizens through a targeted community radio programme and 32 outreach events. 

    “These efforts not only save lives but empower South Africans with climate information they can act on. The South African National Bioinformatics Institute (SANBI), South Africa’s national biodiversity steward, continues to lead in climate finance. A $40 million Green Climate Fund project will launch this year, benefiting over 350,000 people directly and 1.5 million indirectly through investments in ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction.

    “These achievements demonstrate that when we invest in our environmental entities, we invest in jobs, resilience, and a sustainable future,” the Minister said. – SAnews.gov.za

    MIL OSI Africa –

    June 28, 2025
  • Ukraine calls for EU sanctions on Bangladeshi entities for import of ‘stolen grain’

    Source: Government of India

    Source: Government of India (4)

    Ukraine plans to ask the European Union to sanction Bangladeshi entities it says are importing wheat taken from Ukrainian territories occupied by Russia, after its warnings to Dhaka failed to stop the trade, a top Ukrainian diplomat in South Asia said.

    Russian forces have occupied large parts of Ukraine’s southern agricultural regions since 2014 and Kyiv has accused Russia of stealing its grain even before the 2022 invasion. Russian officials say there is no theft of grain involved as the territories previously considered part of Ukraine are now part of Russia and will remain so forever.

    According to documents provided to Reuters by people familiar with the matter, the Ukraine Embassy in New Delhi sent several letters to Bangladesh’s foreign affairs ministry this year, asking them to reject more than 150,000 tonnes of grain allegedly stolen and shipped from Russian port of Kavkaz.

    Asked about the confidential diplomatic communication, Ukraine’s ambassador to India, Oleksandr Polishchuk, said Dhaka had not responded to the communication and Kyiv will now escalate the matter as its intelligence showed entities in Russia mix grain procured from occupied Ukrainian territories with Russian wheat before shipping.

    “It’s a crime,” Polishchuk said in an interview at Ukraine’s embassy in New Delhi.

    “We will share our investigation with our European Union colleagues, and we will kindly ask them to take the appropriate measures.”

    Ukraine’s diplomatic tussle with Bangladeshi authorities has not been previously reported.

    The Bangladesh and Russian foreign ministries did not respond to requests for comment.

    A Bangladeshi food ministry official said Dhaka bars imports from Russia if the origin of the grain is from occupied Ukrainian territory, adding that the country imports no stolen wheat.

    Amid the war with Russia, the agricultural sector remains one of the main sources of export earnings for Ukraine, supplying grain, vegetable oil and oilseeds to foreign markets.

    In April, Ukraine detained a foreign vessel in its territorial waters, alleging it was involved in the illegal trade of stolen grain, and last year seized a foreign cargo ship and detained its captain on similar suspicions.

    The EU has so far sanctioned 342 ships that are part of Russia’s so-called shadow fleet, which the bloc says enable Moscow to circumvent Western restrictions to move oil, arms and grain. Russia says Western sanctions are illegal.

    ‘NOT DIAMONDS OR GOLD’

    A Ukraine official told Reuters Ukrainian law prohibits any voluntary trade between Ukrainian producers, including grain farmers in the occupied territories, and Russian entities.

    The Ukraine Embassy has sent four letters to Bangladesh’s government, reviewed by Reuters, in which it shared vessel names and their registration numbers involved in the alleged trade of moving the grain from the Crimean ports of Sevastopol and Kerch, occupied by Russia since 2014, and Berdiansk, which is under Moscow’s control since 2022, to Kavkaz in Russia.

    The letters stated the departure and tentative arrival dates of the ships that left from Kavkaz for Bangladesh between November 2024 and June 2025.

    The June 11 letter said Bangladesh can face “serious consequences” of sanctions for taking deliveries of “stolen grain”, and that such purchases fuel “humanitarian suffering.”

    The sanctions “may extend beyond importing companies and could also target government officials and the leadership of ministries and agencies who knowingly facilitate or tolerate such violations,” the letter added.

    In a statement to Reuters, Anitta Hipper, EU Spokesperson for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, said the vessels in question were not currently subject to any restrictive measures.

    The sanctions regime was designed to act against activities that undermine the food security of Ukraine including transportation of “stolen Ukrainian grain” and “any proven involvement of vessels in shipping stolen Ukrainian grain could provide the basis for future restrictive measures,” she added.

    The Russia-controlled territories, excluding Crimea, accounted for about 3% of the total Russian grain harvest in 2024, according to Reuters’ estimates based on official Russian data. Russian grain transporter Rusagrotrans says Bangladesh was the fourth largest buyer of Russian wheat in May.

    Ambassador Polishchuk told Reuters their intelligence shows Russia mixes its grain with that from occupied Ukrainian territories to avoid detection.

    A Russian trader, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said that when the grain is loaded for export at a Russian port, it is very difficult to track its origin.

    “These are not diamonds or gold. The composition of impurities does not allow for identification,” the person said.

    (Reuters)

    June 28, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Economics: Scheduled Banks’ Statement of Position in India as on Friday, June 13, 2025

    Source: Reserve Bank of India

    (Amount in ₹ crore)
      SCHEDULED COMMERCIAL BANKS
    (Including RRBs, SFBs and PBs)
    ALL SCHEDULED BANKS
    14-Jun-2024 30-May-2025* 13-Jun-2025* 14-Jun-2024 30-May-2025* 13-Jun-2025*
    I LIABILITIES TO THE BKG.SYSTEM (A)            
      a) Demand & Time deposits from banks 273308.16 365140.08 340603.24 277097.38 370999.12 346319.8749**
      b) Borrowings from banks 152185.60 110552.25 109671.80 152187.60 110574.25 109889.53
      c) Other demand & time liabilities 76032.19 25071.47 23927.34 76298.36 25465.93 24362.82
    II LIABILITIES TO OTHERS (A)            
      a) Deposits (other than from banks) 20902918.17 23172542.62 23069772.55 21358407.93 23662773.91 23561872.69
      i) Demand 2390694.11 2988920.70 2859239.01 2440672.19 3038379.44 2908818.31
      ii) Time 18512224.06 20183621.92 20210533.54 18917735.75 20624394.47 20653054.38
      b) Borrowings @ 780674.69 895727.00 837462.68 785083.63 900193.89 841977.70
      c) Other demand & time liabilities 965607.06 1034573.60 1106232.23 978521.91 1047707.96 1120178.02
    III BORROWINGS FROM R.B.I. (B) 111102.00 6516.00 2248.00 111102.00 6516.00 2248.00
      Against usance bills and / or prom. Notes            
    IV CASH 85283.14 87179.07 90471.61 87674.97 89604.92 93073.93
    V BALANCES WITH R.B.I. (B) 983708.00 956086.24 932453.46 1003434.00 975236.91 951630.59
    VI ASSETS WITH BANKING SYSTEM            
      a) Balances with other banks            
      i) In current accounts 7664.17 11434.59 10498.68 10483.91 13853.23 12729.59
      ii) In other accounts 178513.58 255330.58 244036.86 224431.26 318135.43 308394.18
      b) Money at call & short notice 11390.08 22812.64 21743.92 25192.27 40349.51 37684.89
      c) Advances to banks (i.e. due from bks.) 52270.19 36147.80 31496.42 54389.85 38542.46 33717.34£
      d) Other assets 107937.02 78091.66 65849.37 110591.29 82799.25 71109.15
    VII INVESTMENTS (At book value) 6231385.82 6706717.24 6691443.60 6384112.72 6861687.28 6877810.85
      a) Central & State Govt. securities+ 6230374.06 6706168.85 6690874.45 6376135.84 6853140.23 6869498.86
      b) Other approved securities 1011.77 548.39 569.14 7976.88 8547.05 8311.99
    VIII BANK CREDIT (Excluding Inter-Bank Advances) 16706417.54 18287376.91 18313977.69 17143118.18 18753740.95 18783780.83
      a) Loans, cash credits & Overdrafts $ 16392988.28 17949958.34 17976567.95 16826405.29 18412982.24 18443143.24
      b) Inland Bills purchased 64052.90 79467.07 78124.27 65383.33 80743.89 79300.44
      c) Inland Bills discounted 208278.98 222449.12 223752.50 209565.71 223956.61 225217.50
      d) Foreign Bills purchased 16140.00 13866.49 13510.87 16370.65 14063.24 13738.06
      e) Foreign Bills discounted 24957.38 21635.89 22022.09 25393.21 21994.97 22381.60
    NOTE
    * Provisional figures incorporated in respect of such banks as have not been able to submit final figures.
    (A) Demand and Time Liabilities do not include borrowings of any Scheduled State Co-operative Bank from State Government and any reserve fund deposits maintained with such banks by any co-operative society within the areas of operation of such banks.
    ** This excludes deposits of Co-operative Banks with Scheduled State Co-operative Banks. These are included under item II (a).
    @ Other than from Reserve Bank, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development and Export Import Bank of India.
    (B) The figures relating to Scheduled Commercial Banks’ Borrowings in India from Reserve Bank and balances with Reserve Bank are those shown in the statement of affairs of the Reserve Bank. Borrowings against usance bills and/ or promissory notes are under Section 17(4)(c) of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. Following a change in the accounting practise for LAF transactions with effect from July 11, 2014, as per the recommendations of Malegam Committee formed to Review the Format of Balance Sheet and the Profit and Loss Account of the Bank, the transactions in case of Repo / Term Repo / MSF are reflected under ‘Borrowings from RBI’.
    £ This excludes advances granted by Scheduled State Co-operative Banks to Co-operative banks. These are included under item VIII (a).
    + Includes Treasury Bills, Treasury Deposits, Treasury Savings Certificates and postal obligations.
    $ Includes advances granted by Scheduled Commercial Banks and Scheduled Cooperative Banks to Public Food Procurement Agencies (viz. Food Corporation of India, State Government and their agencies under the Food consortium).
    Food Credit Outstanding as on
    (Amount in ₹ crore)
    Date 14-Jun-2024 30-May-2025 13-Jun-2025
    Scheduled Commercial Banks 36923.02 70580.71 67605.56
    Scheduled Co-operative Banks 50622.17 51972.99 51974.00

    The expression ‘Banking System’ or ‘Banks’ means the banks and any other financial institution referred to in sub-clauses (i) to (vi) of clause (d) of the explanation below Section 42(1) of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.

    No. of Scheduled Commercial Banks as on Current Fortnight:120

    Ajit Prasad          
    Deputy General Manager
    (Communications)    

    Press Release: 2025-2026/606

    MIL OSI Economics –

    June 27, 2025
  • India exports first consignment of rose-scented litchi from Pathankot to Qatar

    Source: Government of India

    Source: Government of India (4)

    In a boost to India’s horticultural exports, the first consignment of rose-scented litchi from Pathankot, Punjab, was flagged off to Doha, Qatar, on Friday. The one-metric-tonne consignment marks a major milestone for India’s agri-export sector and was facilitated by the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) under the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, in collaboration with the Punjab Horticulture Department.

    Additionally, a separate 0.5-metric-tonne shipment was exported to Dubai, UAE, further strengthening India’s footprint in global fresh fruit markets.

    The premium litchis, supplied by progressive farmer Prabhat Singh from Sujanpur, were shipped in refrigerated pallets to ensure freshness. This initiative highlights the export potential of Pathankot, which benefits from ideal agro-climatic conditions for litchi cultivation.

    According to the National Horticulture Board, Punjab produced 71,490 metric tonnes of litchi in FY 2023–24, contributing over 12% to India’s total litchi output. During the same period, India exported 639.53 metric tonnes of litchi.

    With India’s fruit and vegetable exports reaching USD 3.87 billion in FY 2024–25—a 5.67% increase over the previous year—products like litchi, cherries, and jamun are gaining growing acceptance in international markets, alongside traditional favourites like mangoes, bananas, and grapes.

    The government’s continued efforts to support farmers, promote value-added agriculture, and expand global market access through APEDA are paving the way for India to emerge as a leading exporter of high-quality horticultural produce.

    June 27, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Australia: Sharing the National Collection: First Nations artworks visit Katherine

    Source: Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions

    Four First Nations artworks from the National Collection will travel to Katherine in the Northern Territory and be displayed alongside local creations as part of the Albanese Labor Government’s Sharing the National Collection program.

    The Godinymayin Yijard Rivers Arts and Culture Centre will exhibit the works for two years.

    The not-for-profit centre is a cultural development hub that hosts arts, cultural and community events managed by local artists and community leaders. 

    The loan includes: 

    • BOAB 100 – 15 senior artists from Warringarri Aboriginal Arts in Kununurra WA, created this group of objects, translating traditional carving designs of boab nuts onto aluminium. The work was commissioned by Wesfarmers Arts to commemorate their centenary in 2013 
    • Three sculptural metalworks by Abe Muriata – a Girramay man of the Cardwell Range area of North Queensland, Muriata is one of the few male master craftsman basket weavers in Australia; designing bi-cornual baskets unique to the rainforest people of his region. Expanding on his practice of using Jawun (lawyer cane), these works are created using recycled aluminium wire and screen door mesh  

    Minister for the Arts, Tony Burke, said the latest loan demonstrated how the program was getting works out of Canberra to all corners of Australia. 

    “At any point 98 per cent of the national collection is held in storage. Our program is giving hundreds of thousands of Australians a chance to see and experience these culturally significant works.

    “What better place could there be for these unique works of art to be displayed than in the beautiful surrounds of Katherine.”

    Member for Lingiari, Marion Scrymgour said the thought-provoking installation would be a welcome addition to the community in Katherine.

    “Bringing these artworks from the National Collection to Katherine not only provides a broader cultural experience for locals and visitors but will also provide opportunities for more exposure for local artists as they display their art alongside this Collection.

    “The Godinymayin Yijard Rivers Art and Culture Centre is the perfect place to showcase these incredible artworks.”

    Director of the National Gallery of Australia, Dr Nick Mitzevich, said the loan was a chance to experience unique aspects of First Nations art and culture.

    “The partnership with Godinymayin Yijard Rivers Arts and Culture Centre in Katherine showcases artistry from First Nations leaders. 

    “The Sharing the National Collection program offers opportunities to take works of art by First Nations communities to new regions across Australia – inviting new audiences to share in the richness of ongoing cultural practice.”

    Director of the Godinymayin Yijard Rivers Arts and Culture Centre, Clare Armitage, said the loan was an exciting opportunity for the centre. 

    “The Godinymayin Yijard Rivers Arts and Culture Centre is honoured to be a part of the Sharing the National Collection program.

    “The Big Rivers Region of the Northern Territory is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas on earth, and it is very special for us to be working with the National Gallery of Australia for the first time to share these artworks with our communities.”

    Sharing the National Collection is part of Revive, Australia’s national cultural policy. The program has provided $11.8m over four years to fund the costs of transporting, installing and insuring works in the national art collection so that they can be seen right across the country. 

    Regional and suburban galleries can register their interest in the loan program here.

    MIL OSI News –

    June 27, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: “West Africa has the potential to sustainably transform its food systems,” says Ms. Bintia Stephen-Tchicaya, Acting Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Subregional Coordinator for West Africa


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    The 2025 Regional Report on Food and Nutrition Security in the Sahel and West Africa, reveals that nearly 52 million people in the region are affected by food insecurity. In an interview with the African Press Agency (APA news), Ms. Bintia Stephen-Tchicaya, Acting Subregional Coordinator of the FAO Office for West Africa said that despite the alarming figures reported, “the region has all it takes to sustainably transform its food systems,” said.

    Recently appointed to head the office overseeing 15 West African country programs, she focuses on innovation, resilience, and inclusion to address the structural and cyclical challenges facing West African agriculture.

    During the interview, Ms. Tchicaya presented the priorities of her mandate. She outlined her vision and ambition for the subregion to “build more inclusive, sustainable, competitive, and nutrition-sensitive food systems, based on the “Four Betters” strategy promoted by the FAO: better production, better nutrition, a better environment, and a better life.”

    She also emphasized that despite the combined effects of conflict, climate change, and economic volatility, viable solutions can be found. These include participatory approaches such as Farmer Field Schools (FFS), support for nutrition-sensitive agricultural policies, and the implementation of green hubs as part of the Great Green Wall initiative. “In Senegal, for example, we contributed to updating the agro-sylvo-pastoral orientation law, which now includes the fisheries sector, food systems and the climate change dimension,” she explained.

    “On the operational front, FAO has developed participatory approaches such as Farmer Field Schools and Dimitra clubs, which after years of implementation, have proven effective in driving behavior change and strong community engagement. These approaches are now being scaled up by the government and civil society organizations”, she said, adding “On the environmental front, the FAO supports the Senegalese government in implementing the Reforestation Agency and the Great Green Wall program, a bold initiative aiming to establish seventy resilient green hubs across arid and semi-arid areas between 2023 and 2032.”

    Faced with the decline in traditional funding, Ms. Stephen-Tchicaya calls for increased and diversified resource mobilization, focusing on: “Public-Private Partnerships, a multi-donor approach, climate and green financing, strengthened engagement with non-traditional donors (emerging countries, philanthropic foundations, regional financial institutions), increased inter-agency cooperation, community and civil society involvement, as well as South-South and triangular cooperation.”

    Ms. Stephen-Tchicaya also emphasized FAO’s strategic role in strengthening early warning systems, supporting agricultural governance, and using digital technologies and artificial intelligence to increase productivity, improve livestock traceability, and combat livestock theft, a phenomenon that is on the rise in the region.

    “FAO actively contributes to surveillance and early warning, particularly in the area of ​​food security, through its participation in the regional system for the prevention and management of food crises (PREGEC), coordinated by the CILSS. FAO also has tools such as the Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS), which enables precise monitoring of the agricultural season and provides harvest forecasts. FAO will continue this support while investing more in disaster risk prevention and reduction, particularly through anticipatory actions implemented before crises worsen. FAO’s true added value in the region lies in this connection between early warning and rapid response.”

    Furthermore, Ms. Tchicaya emphasized the importance of digital solutions for securing pastoral livelihoods: “We are convinced that the digitalization of the livestock sector constitutes an innovative and essential solution to protect pastoralists in the face of this unprecedented phenomenon in West Africa,” she argued.

    In her closing remarks, Ms. Tchicaya issued a strong call for collective mobilization. “We must act together—governments, technical and financial partners, the private sector, and civil society—to build resilient and sustainable food systems that meet the aspirations of West African populations,” she pleaded.

    Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO): Regional Office for Africa.

    MIL OSI Africa –

    June 27, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: Eastern Cape June floods declared a national disaster

    Source: South Africa News Agency

    The Eastern Cape Province has officially been declared a national disaster zone in response to the widespread destruction caused by recent severe weather events.

    Eastern Cape Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (CoGTA) MEC, Zolile Williams said the declaration, made under the Disaster Management Act (Act No. 57 of 2002), comes amid heavy rainfall, flooding, strong winds, and snowfall that have battered large parts of the country, with the Eastern Cape being the hardest hit.

    Highlighting the provincial government response to the June disaster, Williams said the Department of Social Development, in partnership with private sector organisations, has extended crucial psychosocial support to displaced families, bereaved communities, and schools affected by the loss of learners.

    “These services, which encompass counselling and emotional debriefing, are foundational to the healing and recovery process. Given the profound impact of the incident, we recognise this journey may be prolonged for those most deeply affected,” the MEC said. 

    The Department of Health has also deployed on-site healthcare services, providing medical assistance and replacing chronic medication that was swept away by the floods to those in need.

    Ongoing assessments are also being conducted to assess health risks in temporary shelters.

    Over 400 ID applications received

    Williams also reported that the Department of Home Affairs has been active in various shelters across the Amathole and OR Tambo districts, assisting families with applications for essential documents, including Identity Documents (ID), birth and death certificates.

    To date, 478 identity document replacement applications have been submitted, through assistance from three mobile units deployed in each of the two districts.

    Local schools have resumed classes and provisions were made for learners who missed exams due to the disaster. Postponed examination papers were also written on 23 June 2025.

    “Through the Department of Education, we have begun to deliver Learner and Teacher Support Material lost or destroyed during the disaster. We are also ensuring that uniform sets for learners in the flood affected schools has also resumed through the Provincial Department of Education.” 

    Restoration of basic services 

    Despite the devastation, significant progress has been made with the restoration of water and electricity in affected areas. 

    According to Williams, the electricity supply has been restored to over 80% of affected customers, with over 95% of the water supply having been restored in OR Tambo and Amathole District Municipalities, which were the most affected areas. 

    However, Williams noted that the floods caused significant damage to roads, schools, and healthcare facilities.

    He said the costs of repairing damaged infrastructure is estimated at R5. 1 billion, and this include about R3. 2 billion required across sector departments and R 1. 8 billion for the Municipal Infrastructure, as per MISA [Municipal Infrastructure Support Management] assessments. 

    A total of 6 869 households were affected, with 4 724 people left homeless across the province, except for the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, whilst 2 145 homes were partially damaged.

    “R461 million is required for Temporary Residential Units (TRUs), however, the province has R120 million rand, and we are looking to national government for an intervention in this area,” Williams said.

    Housing support and temporary shelters

    The Department of Human Settlements, in partnership with OR Tambo District Municipality, has activated mass-care shelters, including community halls and bed-and-breakfast facilities for displaced families in OR Tambo and Mnquma. 

    Williams said these arrangements will be operational for at least 30 days.

    “The Provincial Government is [also] securing land to facilitate the delivery of Temporary Residential Units and permanent housing, ensuring that our response addresses both urgent needs and long-term stability for these vulnerable communities. 

    “Currently, land has been identified in Mnquma for approximately 1 100 temporary residential units, while in the King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality, land has been identified and we await a council resolution on the matter,” the MEC said.

    The floods caused extensive damage to road infrastructure, with the total repair estimated at R935 million. The Department of Transport has reprioritised R102 million from its budget, leaving a shortfall of R832 million.

    Emergency road clearance operations are underway, but 29 roads in Chris Hani and 22 in OR Tambo districts remain impassable. Internal teams began major repairs on 23 June 2025, and alternative routes are currently being used.

    In terms of public facilities, 431 schools and 69 health centres have been affected across the province. suffered damage. Repair work to the value of R600 000 has been completed on healthcare facilities.

    In the agricultural sector, interventions have been made in terms damage assessment, provision of veterinary services and technical advice.

    “In the main, farmers have lost 1 339 units of livestock, 1 803 hectares of crops have been destroyed, suffered damages to machinery, irrigation material such as pipes and risers, water tanks and fencing materials,” Williams said. – SAnews.gov.za 

    MIL OSI Africa –

    June 27, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Europe: Latest news – 30 June – 3 July: Committees and Political Groups

    Source: European Parliament

    In the week of 30 June, Members’ work is split between meetings in Parliamentary Committees and political groups. During this week, a Committee on Development will send a delegation to the 4th Financing for Development Conference (FfD4) in Seville to exchange views with stakeholders and support reforms of the international financial architecture. Meanwhile, the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development will discuss draft reports on the livestock and wine sectors, focusing on a sustainable future for the EU livestock sector and on structural support measures in the wine sector. Follow the links below to discover this week’s highlights.

    MIL OSI Europe News –

    June 27, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Banking: Joint Summary of the Visit by H.E. Dr. Kao Kim Hourn, Secretary-General of ASEAN, to the Kingdom of Morocco

    Source: ASEAN – Association of SouthEast Asian Nations

    At the invitation of the Government of the Kingdom of Morocco, H.E. Dr. Kao Kim Hourn, Secretary-General of ASEAN, undertook an official visit to Morocco, from 24 to 26 June 2025.
     
    The visit underscored the growing cooperation between ASEAN and Morocco since the formalisation of the Sectoral Dialogue Partnership in 2023. It also reflected both sides’ shared commitment to further strengthening cooperation on promoting trade and investment, digital transformation, sustainable development, and people-to-people exchanges, among others.
     
    While in Rabat, the Secretary-General held meetings with H.E. Nasser Bourita, Minister of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates, H.E. Ryad Mezzour, Minister of Industry and Trade, H.E. Mohamed Saad Berrada, Minister of National Education, Pre-school Learning and Sports, H.E. Mohammed Mehdi Bensaid, Minister of Youth, Culture, and Communication, H.E. Abdeltif Loudyi, Minister Delegate to the Head of Government in Charge of the Administration of National Defense, and Mr. Redouane Arrach, Secretary-General of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Rural Development, Water and Forests. The discussions touched on the deepening of ASEAN-Morocco relations, trade and investment, regional and global developments, and the importance of ASEAN as a regional consensus builder and its stabilising role in the Indo-Pacific region. The Meetings also emphasised the importance of upholding and strengthening the ASEAN Centrality, rules-based international order and the importance of practical cooperation pursued through the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP).
     
    The Secretary-General also delivered a lecture at the Moroccan Institute of Training, Research and Diplomatic Studies in Rabat where he exchanged views with a range of stakeholders on peace, diplomacy, and regional security issues. In Casablanca, the Secretary-General met with Mr. Said Ibrahimi, CEO of Casablanca Finance City (CFC), and engaged with representatives of the Moroccan General Confederation of Enterprises (CGEM), led by General Vice-President of CGEM, Mr. Mehdi Tazi.
     
    The visit of the Secretary-General of ASEAN to Morocco and his delegation demonstrated the scope and depth of ASEAN-Morocco relations and cooperation over the past years and reaffirmed both sides’ mutual commitment to further strengthening the partnership. ASEAN and Morocco look forward to advancing the implementation of the ASEAN-Morocco Practical Cooperation Areas (2024-2028) which will serve as a framework for tangible cooperation in the years ahead.
    The post Joint Summary of the Visit by H.E. Dr. Kao Kim Hourn, Secretary-General of ASEAN, to the Kingdom of Morocco appeared first on ASEAN Main Portal.

    MIL OSI Global Banks –

    June 27, 2025
  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Financial case study: commercial woodland over 100 hectares

    Source: United Kingdom – Government Statements

    Case study

    Financial case study: commercial woodland over 100 hectares

    Find out how creating a commercial woodland over 100 hectares stacks up with income through grants, timber, and carbon credits

    Understanding woodland financials 

    Woodland creation is a long-term commitment that can diversify your income. Planting the right tree in the right place, can provide new and reliable income streams and far-reaching benefits for your land, your local community and the environment. 

    Potential income from a new woodland is dependent on several factors. This includes species, how quickly trees grow, spacing, how long before harvesting occurs (rotation length), woodland size, and the location of your woodland – all of which can vary considerably resulting in several possible combinations and outcomes.  

    This case study shows how a real landowner created productive woodland. All figures are rounded to the nearest £100 and accurate as of September 2024. 

    Creating a commercial woodland that benefits nature recovery 

    A landowner in the north east of England had large area of semi-improved grass land. To meet their management and financial objectives, they created a large-scale productive woodland across approximately 100 hectares of this land. This woodland will also provide wider benefits to society.  

    The landowner applied for the Woodland Creation Planning Grant (WCPG) and the England Woodland Creation Offer (EWCO) to help fund the project. Over time, the new woodland will: 

    • increase biodiversity 
    • sequester carbon 
    • develop productive stands of broadleaf and conifer species  

    Additionally, the landowner could benefit from private finance through the Woodland Carbon Code (WCC) and timber markets.

    A treemap chart shows the income breakdown of EWCO and WCPG grants. Maintenance: £614,800. Standard costs: £426,800. Woodland infrastructure: £117,700. WCPG: £30,500. Additional contributions – nature recovery: £17,000.

    Woodland Creation Planning Grant (WCPG)  

    Designing new woodland requires bringing together your objectives with the site’s context, suitability; and environmental, economic, and social factors into a UK Forestry Standard (UKFS) compliant plan. This plan helps secure regulatory approval for converting land to woodland.  

    WCPG provides funding to help cover the cost of producing a UKFS compliant woodland creation design. This project received £30,500 in WCPG grant payments. 

    England Woodland Creation Offer (EWCO) 

    EWCO supports the establishment of new woodland by offering financial support for capital costs to plant and protect young trees, costs for maintaining those trees for up to 15 years after planting and installing infrastructure to manage your woodland.  

    The grant recognises the public and environmental benefits that woodlands bring through stackable payments called Additional Contributions. These encourage planting the right tree in the right place for the right reason. 

    This 100+ hectare woodland project will receive £1,206,300 (£11,800 per hectare) in EWCO grant payments over 15 years following initial capital work. This includes standard costs, maintenance payments, Additional Contributions and infrastructure payments. 

    Standard costs for capital work 

    This project received a payment of £426,800 for capital items needed to make the woodland happen – this covers the cost of buying trees and tree tubes, fencing, gates and other essentials, which offsets most of the establishment costs for this woodland. The highest expenses were deer fencing, purchasing and planting a total of 550,000 trees. 

    Maintenance payments 

    The landowner will receive maintenance payments of £400 per hectare for 15 years after planting, totalling £614,800. These payments help with the cost of tree replacement, weeding around the trees and the management of open space within the woodland.  

    Land managers should expect some tree losses in the early years of planting and plan for replacements. Appropriate maintenance and protection will help minimise these losses. For a project of this scale, up to 165,000 replacement trees might be needed in the first few years. 

    Additional contributions 

    EWCO provides extra stackable payments for woodland projects that provide wider benefits to people and the environment. Eligibility depends on the woodland’s design and location.  

    Woodland projects focused on timber production can deliver a range of public benefits. This new woodland qualified for an Additional Contribution for nature recovery benefits. 

    The landowner planted approximately 15 hectares of native woodland within the scheme. Converting semi-improved grassland to native woodland in these areas will improve biodiversity, which qualified for a one-off low nature recovery payment of £17,000.

    Income from timber 

    The demand for wood products in the UK hugely outweighs domestic production. We import over 73% of our timber, which was valued at £9.0 billion in 2022, making the UK the second largest net importer of forest products in the world1. This strong market demand for timber creates income opportunities for woodland owners. 

    This new woodland could generate income from timber in two ways:  

    1. the sale of standing trees, usually via an agent, that is harvested by the buyer 
    2. the sale of timber harvested by the woodland owner and sold as accessible from the roadside 

    This case study focuses on sale of standing timber over a 50-year period. The woodland is expected to produce 115,400m3 of timber through: 

    • regular thinning every 5-years (starting year 14) 
    • a clear fell of 27 hectares of conifer woodland (in year 34) 

    Using an average standing price of £35/m3 for conifer timber, the present value from timber income is estimated to be £1,426,704 (£13,900 per hectare).

    Price assumptions 

    We used £35/m³ based on the average timber price over the last 5 years. Timber prices have the possibility to be higher than assumed in this case study due to the following reasons: 

    • conifer timber prices have increased 200% over the past 20 years 
    • future UK timber demand is expected to remain strong 

    For simplicity, this case study doesn’t account for increasing maintenance costs over time. 

    Income from carbon 

    Carbon markets present an opportunity for landowners to generate more income from their land, by selling the additional carbon that new woodlands will sequester to help mitigate the impacts of climate change.  

    The Woodland Carbon Code (WCC) is the quality assurance standard for UK-based woodland creation projects hoping to generate carbon credits. Woodland creation projects can sell two types of carbon units under the Code:  

    Pending Issuance Units (PIUs)

    These represent estimated future carbon capture. They’re not guaranteed, so can’t be used to report against emissions, but instead allow companies to plan for future offsetting. PIUs convert into WCUs in vintages and at certain points in time, when this occurs the ‘promise’ of future carbon has been verified as converted into actual carbon storage in the woodland. 

    Woodland Carbon Units (WCUs)

    WCUs are verified units that represent one tonne of carbon dioxide that has been sequestered from the atmosphere. Companies purchasing WCUs make statements about their carbon neutrality as soon as they own them. This often results in a higher price per unit than PIUs. These units are independently verified in vintages after planting. 

    Projects under the code must meet a set of requirements, including a financial additionality test. This test must show carbon finance is necessary to make the project viable, and woodland income (without carbon credits) doesn’t exceed current land use income.  

    In this case study, the financial additionality test was passed, woodland creation would generate less income than the existing land use without carbon finance. So, the opportunity to join the voluntary carbon market could be taken up. To find out more about woodland and carbon, read our woodland creation fact sheet.  

    For this case study it has been assumed that all carbon units will be sold upfront as PIUs however, landowners can choose when to sell these units possibly speculating on future carbon price rises.  

    The project was registered and validated under the code and the landowner will verify its progress every 10 years from year 5 onwards, selling all its PIUs up front in Year 5. While landowners can hold credits to potentially benefit from future price increases, this case study assumes all units will be sold upfront as PIUs. 

    Over the first 35 years, the new woodland is likely to deliver over 30,000 WCUs. Using the average price of successful bids at the Woodland Carbon Guarantee auction in 2024 of £25 and assuming upfront sale in year 5 the estimated income from the carbon market is £768,100 (£7,500 per hectare).

    A bar chart shows estimated woodland carbon units (WCUs) for various years. Year 5 estimates 70 WCUs. Year 15: 16,610 WCUs. Year 25: 10,230 WCUs. Year 34: 3,020 WCUs. The total estimates 30,730 WCUs.

    How does this compare to agricultural income?  

    As with any change, there will be some costs associated with the establishment of woodland. For this landowner, who previously used the land for various crops, the main cost is foregone agricultural income. 

    While it’s impossible to predict agricultural income with certainty over a 50-year period, this case study uses the 5-year average Farm Business Income from the annual Farm Business Survey (FBS) for England and Wales to estimate the income foregone.

    An infographic showing the comparison of net income (including agricultural income foregone) and net income (excluding agricultural income foregone).

    Description of Income Income Description of Costs Costs
    WPCG £30,500    
    EWCO standard costs and maintenance payments £884,500 Planting, establishment, and maintenance costs £1,999,700
    EWCO additional contributions £16,500    
    Carbon income £646,700 Woodland Carbon Code costs £4,600
    Net timber income £1,426,700    
        Miscellaneous costs such as insurance £84,100
        Agricultural income forgone 523,000
    Total income £3,004,900 Total costs £2,088,400

    When will this income be seen? 

    While EWCO payments are made up front once planting is completed, followed by 15 years of maintenance, income from timber is realised at different time periods.  

    The table below displays the timeline of net income over a 50-year period. When looking at net income over time it can be determined that this productive forestry site is likely to break even between year 31 and 35 when the highest amount of timber income is received.

    Period Income Costs Net Income
    0-10 £1,560,700 £1,985,000 -£424,300
    10-20 £366,300 £35,600 £330,700
    20-30 £378,300 £25,100 £353,200
    30-40 £800,200 £372,100 £428,000
    40-50 £13,000 £12,300 £700

    Wider benefits of woodland creation  

    Well-managed woodlands can not only offer an additional income stream, but they can also help you cut costs, for example, you could choose to heat buildings with wood fuel harvested from your woodland. Trees offer much more than just commercial benefits and carbon capture: woodlands can support our health and well-being, improve air and water quality, boost biodiversity, protect crops and livestock, prevent nutrient loss and soil erosion, and alleviate flooding.  

    Discover the benefits of planting trees and learn about the positive impact trees can have on your business in our fact sheet: woods mean business.

    Updates to this page

    Published 27 June 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –

    June 27, 2025
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