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  • MIL-OSI Economics: Google should increase uptake of its Workspace platform with free AI, says GlobalData

    Source: GlobalData

    Google should increase uptake of its Workspace platform with free AI, says GlobalData

    Posted in Technology

    Google has elevated its Workspace platform by offering AI capabilities for free to subscribers of Workspace Business and Enterprise plans. Previously, plan subscribers could purchase an add-on of AI features ranging from $20 to $30 per user per month. The list of capabilities includes the Gemini assistant within Google Workspace apps; the Gemini standalone app; and the NotebookLM Plus research assistant. The free AI offering should help Google increase the uptake of the platform says GlobalData, a leading data and analytics company.

    Gregg Willsky, Principal Analyst, Enterprise Technology & Services at GlobalData, comments: “Google has significantly enhanced the value proposition for Workspace. Despite a nominal increase of $2 per user per month in the cost of the plans, the overall price tag has been substantially lowered while providing an inventory of meaningful AI features.”

    The announcement comes at a pivotal moment for AI. Rivals have been aligned in stuffing their team collaboration platforms full of AI features but have diverged when it comes to affixing a price tag to those features. Two paths have been taken – either charging an extra monthly per-user fee or including features as part of established subscriptions at no additional cost.

    Willsky continues: “So, the question becomes, should AI features cost extra or not? There is no easy answer and not necessarily a right or wrong one. Given the great expense of delivering AI features, it may be unsustainable to offer them for free. On the other hand, it is possible that the allure of receiving AI capabilities at no cost has spurred adoption of those platforms to such a degree that the extra subscription revenue more than makes up for the added expense.”

    Unfortunately, it’s not clear if hard data exists to support either scenario. What is clear is that AI is quickly being woven into the fabric of society. Soon, AI features will be regarded as ‘standard issue’ on team collaboration platforms and no longer worthy of commanding a premium. However, the costs incurred in providing them will remain.

    Willsky concludes: “Google’s announcement mirrors the most likely scenario – additional fees for AI will evaporate only to be baked into a higher platform subscription price. As the saying goes, there is no such thing as a free lunch.”

    MIL OSI Economics –

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: Marine traffic control and safety measures to be followed at Lunar New Year Fireworks Display

    Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

    Marine traffic control and safety measures to be followed at Lunar New Year Fireworks Display
    Marine traffic control and safety measures to be followed at Lunar New Year Fireworks Display
    ******************************************************************************************

         With regard to the 2025 Lunar New Year Fireworks Display to be held on January 30, the Marine Department (MD) will implement marine traffic control and strengthen the inspection of spectator vessels on the event day to ensure that safety requirements are met.         A Closed Area in the waters off the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre in Wan Chai, where barges for the fireworks display are to be anchored, will be established from 2pm to about 10.30pm on the event day. A Restricted Area will be established in the Central Harbour from 7pm to about 9pm on the event day. Other than authorised vessels, no vessels will be allowed to enter these two areas. Scheduled ferry vessels with permission may continue services until 7.40pm.      Spectator vessels may stay inside the Specified Area, excluding the Restricted Area and the Closed Area, for viewing from 6pm to 9pm (the specified period) on the event day. To enhance marine safety during this major event at sea, coxswains of spectator vessels in the Specified Area during the specified period must ensure that children on board are accompanied by an adult and wear a lifejacket at all times. Coxswains must also keep a passenger and crew list on board for emergency purposes. The MD will step up vessel inspections. If any vessel fails to meet these requirements, the department will initiate prosecution.      In addition, to ensure that vessels disperse in an orderly manner, the Eastern and Western Cordon Lines of the Restricted Area will be lifted in stages after the event. The Western Cordon Line will be lifted first at about 9pm. Spectator vessels behind the Western Cordon Line and those wishing to move east must follow the instructions of officers from the MD and the Police at the scene. The Eastern Cordon Line will be lifted later, depending on traffic conditions in Victoria Harbour. It is anticipated that the Restricted Area will be lifted by about 9.15pm on the event day.      For landside crowd control, the public landing steps No. 4 to 6 at Kowloon Public Pier will be closed temporarily from 6am to midnight, and the public landing steps No. 1 to 3 will be closed temporarily from 6pm to about 9pm. Other public landing steps within the Restricted Area will be closed temporarily from 6.30pm to about 9pm. Buffer zones at Kowloon Public Pier, Kwun Tong Public Pier and Central Piers 9 and 10 will be established immediately after the event for the safe and orderly disembarkation of passengers.      Officers from the MD and the Police will also maintain order at major landing facilities after the event. To ensure smooth disembarkation, coxswains and crew members should remind passengers to pack their personal belongings early before the vessels arrive alongside the landing steps and assist passengers in disembarking. Coxswains and passengers should follow the instructions of the MD and the Police at the scene.      The MD and the Marine Police will also strengthen law enforcement, especially concerning life-saving appliances, speeding and overloading. Coxswains and persons-in-charge of vessels should check again and reconfirm that the operating licence, the certificate of survey and the third-party risk insurance are valid before setting sail, and that relevant crew members are not under the influence of alcohol or drugs.      MD Notice No. 14 of 2025 on marine traffic control and safety measures has been issued and is available for viewing on the MD’s website (www.mardep.gov.hk).

     
    Ends/Monday, January 27, 2025Issued at HKT 16:37

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    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News –

  • MIL-OSI Economics: skainetsystems.com: BaFin investigates the company Cermak LLC

    Source: Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht – In English

    The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) warns consumers about the company Cermak LLC and the services it is offering. BaFin has information that the company is offering banking business and/or financial services on its website skainetsystems.com without the required authorisation. The company is not supervised by BaFin.

    Banking business and financial services may only be offered in Germany with authorisation from BaFin. However, some companies offer these services without the required authorisation. Information on whether particular companies have been authorised by BaFin can be found in BaFin’s database of companies.

    The information provided by BaFin is based on section 37 (4) of the German Banking Act (Kreditwesengesetz – KWG).

    Please be aware:

    BaFin, the German Federal Criminal Police Office (Bundeskriminalamt – BKA) and the German state criminal police offices (Landeskriminalämter) recommend that consumers seeking to invest money online should exercise the utmost caution and do the necessary research beforehand in order to identify fraud attempts at an early stage.

    MIL OSI Economics –

  • MIL-OSI Economics: Asian Development Blog: How Can Asia Successfully Navigate New US Administration Policies?

    Source: Asia Development Bank

    Rising US tariffs and other policies of the new US presidential administration could create mixed outcomes for Asian economies, emphasizing the importance of building resilience through regional integration and open trade.

    How will new US administration policies affect economies in Asia and the Pacific, and how should they respond? 

    To gain insight into these questions, ADB recently completed two studies based on different global models—one strong on macroeconomics and one strong on trade—to estimate the magnitude of likely effects. 

    The first study examines the impact of the US imposing aggressive policies including 60% tariffs on the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and 10% tariffs on everyone else, reduced US immigration, and expansionary US fiscal policies. 

    The second study focuses only on the impact of tariffs. It assumes 60% tariffs on Chinese imports and examines different tariff scenarios for the rest of the world: 10% versus 20% tariffs, tariffs across the board versus exemptions for countries with free trade agreements with the US, and equal retaliatory tariffs versus no retaliation.   

    What do we learn from these exercises? 

    First, the negative effects on the Chinese economy will be relatively modest even with 60% tariffs. The first study, using a macro model, finds that growth slows by just 0.3% per year during the four years of the new administration, and the trade model predicts much smaller impacts thanks to opportunities to redirect trade to other countries and smaller impacts on global output than in the macro study. The impacts will be even less severe if the US only imposes additional tariffs of 10% as has been recently announced, even though further review of US trade imbalances could lead to more tariff increases later in the year.

    One reason for the modest impacts of high US tariffs is that the importance to the Chinese economy of exports to the US (both direct and indirect) has fallen steadily, now accounting for just 3% of the country’s GDP.

    Evidence from President Trump’s first term shows that the PRC was able to redirect exports to other countries and that the cost of US tariffs was largely borne by US consumers and firms.

    Second,  the effects on other Asian economies will be mixed, with some economies even expected to grow faster thanks to new export opportunities to the US to replace goods previously exported to the US from the PRC.

    Opportunities from trade diversion also were evident during the first trade war between the US and the PRC, benefiting export-competitive economies such as Viet Nam. 

    The recent shift observed in foreign direct investment (FDI) in strategic sectors away from the PRC and toward other Asian economies, especially in Southeast Asia, is likely to be reinforced.   

    Despite these trends, it would be a mistake to assume that US tariffs on the PRC have zero-sum impacts that hurt the PRC and help other Asian economies. This is because in recent years the Chinese economy has become increasingly linked to other economies in the region through trade and investment despite geoeconomic fragmentation globally. 

    Thus,  slower Chinese growth hurts other economies by reducing demand for imports, and reduced Chinese exports to the US hurts economies that supply capital equipment and inputs to Chinese exporters, most notably the high-tech economies in East Asia including the Republic of Korea and Japan. 

    Also, if higher US tariffs on imports from the PRC help other Asian economies to attract more FDI and increase exports to the US, Chinese firms can still share in those benefits by increasing their outbound FDI and increasing exports of intermediate inputs to those economies. Indeed, such patterns of investment and trade have already become evident, especially in Southeast Asia.

    The trade study also finds that economies with trade agreements with the US will benefit if they are exempt from US tariff increases while tariffs are imposed on their competitors without such trade agreements. Most economies in the region lack trade agreements with the US and so would be negatively affected by such a differentiated policy. 

    Finally, economies in the region should be cautious in considering whether to respond to higher US tariffs with tariffs of their own. Higher import tariffs increase the price of imports which can contribute to inflation, make goods more expensive for domestic consumers, and increase the costs of production for producers that rely on imported intermediate inputs. 

     Perhaps of greater importance for Asian economies than tariffs is the impact of the new administration’s policies on US inflation and interest rates.

    All the announced policies—to increase tariffs, reduce immigration, and extend and perhaps increase tax cuts—are likely to be inflationary, which is expected to lead to higher US interest rates for longer periods of time. These expectations are already evident in the shift in the structure of US bond yields since the US election. Despite much progress by many Asian economies to reduce reliance on US-denominated debt, financial conditions in Asia remain quite sensitive to US interest rates and to inflation news when Fed policy is data dependent as it is now. 

    Higher US rates reduce the scope for Asian central banks to lower interest rates and support growth in the region. They increase debt sustainability risks for economies with high debt levels denominated in US dollars. 

    Given higher US interest rates, our macro model predicts that currencies in the region will depreciate relative to the dollar.

    However, we do not expect weaker currencies to lead to higher inflation overall because our macro model finds that the higher interest rates and trade costs associated with US policies will reduce global GDP and demand for commodities, which will lead to lower global energy and food prices.

    In recent years, developing economies in Asia have demonstrated tremendous resilience to large shocks associated with the pandemic, commodity prices, and geoeconomic fragmentation.

    This is due to sound macroeconomic management by most governments in the region. Moreover, despite global geoeconomic fragmentation, governments have maintained their commitment to open trade and investment, which has strengthened regional economic integration.

    This impressive track record means the region is well placed to maximize opportunities for inclusive growth and remain resilient to future shocks, including unexpected policy directions of the new US administration.
     

    MIL OSI Economics –

  • MIL-OSI Economics: Development Asia: Strengthening Uzbekistan’s Public Procurement Framework via Professionalization

    Source: Asia Development Bank

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    Published:

    Develop certification frameworks, build sustainable capacity-building systems, and promote knowledge center collaboration.

    Disclaimer

    The views expressed on this website are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

    MIL OSI Economics –

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Christine Lagarde: Central bank independence in an era of volatility

    Source: European Central Bank

    Lamfalussy Lecture by Christine Lagarde, President of the ECB, at the Lamfalussy Lectures Conference organised by the Magyar Nemzeti Bank, pre-recorded in Frankfurt am Main on 15 January 2025

    Budapest, 27 January 2025

    In his later years, Alexandre Lamfalussy was once asked what his fundamental motivation in life was. He recalled the experience of his turbulent youth, surrounded by the destruction caused by the Second World War.[1] “In the aftermath of the war,” Lamfalussy said, “I decided to serve the community in the rebuilding of Europe.”[2]

    He went on to do just that. A member of the Delors Committee and the first President of the European Monetary Institute, Lamfalussy helped pave the way for Europe’s monetary union and the establishment of the ECB.

    His generation had also been scarred by the difficulties of the “Great Inflation” in the 1970s.[3] And so Lamfalussy – alongside other architects of the euro[4] – ensured that the ECB would have sufficient powers to prevent a scenario where inflationary expectations once again became embedded in the economy.

    We can see proof of this today, as advanced economies emerge from the largest inflation shock in a generation.

    As in the 1970s, a series of shocks contributed to high and persistent inflation. But unlike the 1970s, inflation has since fallen relatively fast across advanced economies – and expectations have remained firmly anchored throughout.

    This hard-won progress has been in large part due to the independence of central banks, which has given them the ability to take difficult but necessary monetary policy decisions in pursuit of stable prices.

    The rise of central bank independence

    In the late twentieth century, central bank independence spread rapidly around the world.

    A strong social consensus about its benefits – emerging from the negative experience of the 1970s – sparked what Lamfalussy would later call a “sea change” in monetary policymaking.[5]

    By one account, over 80% of the world’s central banks became operationally independent by the turn of the millennium.[6] And price stability had been adopted as the primary objective of monetary policy frameworks across almost all advanced economies and many emerging market economies.[7]

    Moreover, independent central banks both contributed to – and benefited from – a period of low macroeconomic volatility.

    In their famous paper, Alesina and Summers found a positive relationship between the degree of independence of central banks and lower and less volatile inflation outcomes.[8] At the same time, substantial structural changes were afoot in the global economy, which also helped to reduce macroeconomic volatility – an era that soon came to be known as the Great Moderation.[9]

    Globalisation led to an enormous increase in both global labour supply and production capacity, which meant that prices and wages were often little affected even in the face of strong demand. And the oil crises of the 1970s had sparked a wave of change in global energy markets, resulting in a more elastic energy supply.

    The upshot of the Great Moderation was a virtuous circle.

    An environment of low macroeconomic volatility made it easier for independent central banks to deliver on their price stability mandates. That, in turn, solidified the social consensus in support of central bank independence and helped ensure its growing adoption around the world – further contributing to lowering levels of volatility.

    The era of volatility

    The end of the Great Moderation came suddenly and unexpectedly in 2008 with the arrival of the global financial crisis. And over the last years in particular, our world has changed dramatically.

    Indeed, the two forces that fostered the spread of central bank independence – a strong social consensus and growing pools of global supply – are now coming under increasing pressure.

    While recent research suggests that de jure central bank independence has never been more prevalent than it is today[10], there is no doubt that the de facto independence of central banks is being called into question in several parts of the world.

    One study examining 118 central banks in the 2010s shows that around 10% of them faced political pressure in an average year – even those central banks with a high degree of de jure independence.[11] Another paper finds that between 2018 and 2020 alone, de facto central bank independence deteriorated for almost half of those central banks in jurisdictions accounting for 75% of global GDP.[12]

    There is evidence to suggest that political influence on central bank decisions can also contribute substantially to macroeconomic volatility. For instance, persistent political pressure on a central bank has been found to affect the level and the volatility of exchange rates, bond yields and the risk premium.[13]

    At the same time, geopolitical tensions threaten to amplify volatility by increasing the frequency of shocks hitting the global economy.

    We have already seen the impact of geopolitical tensions play out in Europe. Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in early 2022, average output growth volatility in the euro area surged by 60% compared with before the global financial crisis, while average inflation volatility shot up by 280%.[14]

    An environment of heightened volatility could make the task of maintaining price stability more difficult to achieve.[15] This could raise concerns that independent central banks are failing to deliver on their mandates, which could undermine the social consensus and further amplify volatility in the economy.

    So, the question that comes to the fore is: will the current era of volatility turn the virtuous circle that facilitated the rise of central bank independence into a vicious circle that leads to it being undermined?

    The benefits of central bank independence in today’s world

    All things considered, I would argue that this is unlikely to happen.

    A volatile macroeconomic environment actually makes the benefits of central bank independence all the greater. We saw this during the recent inflation shock.

    In OECD countries, average annual inflation surged to 9.6% in 2022 as they faced a variety of shocks that compounded each other.[16] In response, independent central banks sharply increased policy rates.

    These actions led to a rapid decline and convergence in the respective inflation paths of major economies – despite all these economies facing different shocks. Moreover, inflation expectations have remained firmly anchored, suggesting that the public continues to have faith in independent central banks’ commitment to price stability over the long run.[17]

    In today’s world, central bank independence offers two key advantages.

    First, it acts as a headwind to volatility in these unpredictable times.

    As we emerge from a period of very high inflation, the issue of time inconsistency is more relevant than ever.[18] Compared with the pre-pandemic era of low inflation, central banks may need to contend with lower levels of rational inattention.[19]

    In this environment, credible policy regimes become even more important for maintaining trust in central banks. Research finds that higher trust in the ECB lowers inflation expectations on average and significantly reduces uncertainty about future inflation.[20]

    Second, central bank independence also contributes to regional strength in a world increasingly defined by geopolitical rivalries.

    Price stability provides the foundation upon which other strategic goals can be achieved. Regions with stable prices tend to have more efficient resource allocation and higher levels of competitiveness, and they attract greater levels of investment. At heart, strong economic institutions are the fundamental cause of long-run economic growth and development differences between regions.[21]

    Conclusion

    Lamfalussy once described the task of launching the euro as “navigating in uncharted waters”.[22] In an era of volatility, independent central banks now also find themselves in unfamiliar waters.

    While inflation has fallen sharply, central banks are still likely to face a more volatile macroeconomic environment compared with the Great Moderation.

    It therefore remains imperative that central banks have the independence to fully deliver on their price stability mandates.

    Thank you.

    MIL OSI Europe News –

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: Exchange Fund Position at end-December 2024

    Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

    Exchange Fund Position at end-December 2024
    Exchange Fund Position at end-December 2024
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    The following is issued on behalf of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority:     The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) today (January 27) published the unaudited financial position of the Exchange Fund at end-December 2024.           The Exchange Fund recorded an investment income of HK$219.0 billion in 2024. The main components were:      

    gains on bonds of HK$135.6 billion;
    gains on Hong Kong equities of HK$21.8 billion;
    gains on other equities of HK$68.7 billion;
    negative currency translation effect of HK$35.6 billion on non-Hong Kong dollar assets (Note 1); and
    gains on other investments of HK$28.5 billion (Note 2).

          Fees on placements by the Fiscal Reserves and placements by HKSAR Government funds and statutory bodies were HK$13.2 billion (Note 3) and HK$15.7 billion respectively in 2024, with the rate of fee payment at 3.7 per cent for 2024.           The Abridged Balance Sheet shows that the total assets of the Exchange Fund increased by HK$65.9 billion, from HK$4,016.5 billion at the end of 2023 to HK$4,082.4 billion at the end of 2024. Accumulated surplus stood at HK$731.6 billion at end-December 2024.           The Exchange Fund recorded an investment return of 5.3 per cent in 2024 (Note 4). Specifically, the Investment Portfolio achieved a rate of return of 7.2 per cent and the Backing Portfolio gained 4.1 per cent. The Long-Term Growth Portfolio (LTGP) recorded an annualised internal rate of return of 11.5 per cent since its inception in 2009 up to the end of September 2024.           Commenting on the performance of the Exchange Fund in 2024, Mr Eddie Yue, Chief Executive of the HKMA, said, “Global financial markets performed broadly well in 2024. Major economies recorded stable growth, while inflation eased closer to policy targets. Major central banks progressively lowered their policy rates. This was positive to the investment environment.           Major equity markets rose notably in 2024, with US equities making strong gains in the first three quarters on the back of a generally positive economic and inflationary fundamentals, and the fervor around the artificial intelligence industry. However, markets became more volatile in the fourth quarter and retreated from their highs as investors turned more cautious amidst concerns over rising inflation and bond yields. In the Mainland and Hong Kong, investor confidence improved, following the Central Government’s announcements of a series of policy measures in the third quarter to stimulate the economy and equity market. Nevertheless, the two equity markets softened in the fourth quarter as market participants remained somewhat uncertain about the real economic growth. Meanwhile, global bond markets experienced higher volatility. Although major central banks have affirmed their general policy direction of lowering interest rates, the pace and magnitude of rate cuts have changed a few times during the year. Entering the fourth quarter, as markets began to focus on the US fiscal policy in the coming year, US Treasury yields rose sharply and weighed on bond prices. Furthermore, the US dollar strengthened against other major currencies in 2024, particularly in the fourth quarter, as a result of the interest rate movements and the relatively strong performance of the US economy. In view of these two factors, the Exchange Fund as a whole recorded some valuation loss in the fourth quarter of 2024.           For 2024 as a whole, the Exchange Fund achieved a decent investment income. The bond portfolio has benefited from substantial interest income as a result of persistently high yields. The equity portfolio has also performed well. However, the US dollar strengthened against other major currencies, leading to a negative currency translation effect on our non-Hong Kong dollar assets.”           Mr Yue said, “Looking ahead to 2025, the global financial markets remain uncertain. Interest rate policies will continue to be the focus of the markets. According to the latest projections in December, the US Fed forecasted half a percentage point of rate cut in total in 2025. This is smaller than the previous projection of one percentage point, and reflects the Fed’s more cautious stance towards inflation. Meanwhile, the new US administration’s policies on the economy, tax and trade could add uncertainties to the inflation path. This in turn affects how much room the Fed has in adjusting monetary policy.           Furthermore, any escalation in trade frictions among major economies or geopolitical situation could impact real economic activities, and may also trigger volatility in the financial markets.           Given these challenges we face, the HKMA will, as always, adhere to the principle of capital preservation first while maintaining long-term growth. We will continue to manage the Exchange Fund with prudence and flexibility, implement appropriate defensive measures, and maintain a high degree of liquidity. We will also continue to diversify our investments to strive for higher long-term returns, ensuring that the Exchange Fund remains effective in achieving its purpose of maintaining monetary and financial stability of Hong Kong.” Note 1: This is primarily the effect of translating foreign currency assets into Hong Kong dollar after deducting the portion for currency hedging.Note 2: This is the valuation change of investments held by investment holding subsidiaries of the Exchange Fund. This figure reflects the valuations at the end of September 2024. Valuation changes of these investments from October to December are not yet available.Note 3: This does not include the 2024 fee payment to the Future Fund because such amount will only be disclosed when the composite rate for 2024 is available.Note 4: This return excludes the performance of the Strategic Portfolio and only includes the performance of LTGP up to the end of September 2024. The audited full year return will be disclosed in the 2024 annual report.

     
    Ends/Monday, January 27, 2025Issued at HKT 16:30

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    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News –

  • MIL-OSI Video: Solemn undertaking of the College of Commissioners at the Court of Justice of the European Union

    Source: European Commission (video statements)

    President von der Leyen participates in the solemn undertaking of the College of Commissioners at the European Court of Justice

    Follow us on:
    -X: https://twitter.com/EU_Commission
    -Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/europeancommission/
    -Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/EuropeanCommission
    -LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/european-commission/
    -Medium: https://medium.com/@EuropeanCommission

    Visit our website: http://ec.europa.eu/

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8XqWChiM49M

    MIL OSI Video –

  • MIL-OSI Europe: ECB commemorates International Holocaust Remembrance Day with ceremony and temporary exhibition

    Source: European Central Bank

    27 January 2025

    • ECB and City of Frankfurt honour Holocaust victims, particularly those deported from Grossmarkthalle between 1941 and 1945
    • Opening of exhibition entitled “Survivors: Faces of Life after the Holocaust” by photographer Martin Schoeller at ECB from 29 January to 26 February 2025

    The European Central Bank (ECB) is hosting a commemorative event on International Holocaust Remembrance Day, 27 January 2025, at its main building in Ostend, Frankfurt. This year’s ceremony holds particular significance as it marks the 80th anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp. The event will feature addresses by ECB President Christine Lagarde; Mike Josef, Lord Mayor of the City of Frankfurt am Main; and Professor Mirjam Wenzel, the Director of the Jewish Museum Frankfurt.

    “In today’s world, where rising populism and intolerance pose significant challenges, commemorating the Holocaust serves as an indispensable reminder of the need for vigilance and unity against hate and antisemitism,” said President Lagarde.

    “Remembering the crimes perpetrated by the Nazis during the Second World War is both our duty and our obligation. It is our responsibility to remember and visualise the reality of Jewish communities in Germany and Europe today. Let us together protect Jewish life now and in the future, and take a firm stand against antisemitism and racism,” said Lord Mayor Mike Josef.

    As part of the commemoration activities, the ECB is hosting a temporary photo exhibition by photographer Martin Schoeller in its main building, entitled “Survivors: Faces of Life after the Holocaust”. Maurice Gluck is one of the 56 Holocaust survivors featured in the exhibition. He will be present at the opening to share his personal story of how he survived the Holocaust after he was separated from his parents and hidden by a Catholic family in Brussels. The exhibition will be open to the public from 29 January until 26 February 2025, with a limited number of guided tours available.

    For more information on the temporary exhibition and to book a tour, please visit the Kulturothek website.

    Photos of the event can be found on the ECB’s Flickr account.

    For media queries, please contact Lena-Sophie Demuth, tel.: + 49 1622952316.

    Notes

    • The ECB’s location at the Grossmarkthalle carries deep historical significance. From 1941 to 1945, the basement of its eastern wing was used as a gathering point for carrying out the deportation of over 10,000 Jewish people to concentration camps. Working with the Jewish Community Frankfurt and the City of Frankfurt am Main, the ECB has established a memorial designed by architects KatzKaiser. The memorial is engraved with testimonies from victims and observers, creating a story that symbolises the extent of the deportations without diverting attention from the actual site.
    • Every year the ECB honours the memory of the Holocaust victims, including those deported from Frankfurt’s Grossmarkthalle, with a solemn ceremony at the memorial site.

    MIL OSI Europe News –

  • MIL-OSI Economics: CERTIS processes almost a billion interbank payment transactions annually. The CNB will now also provide non-bank entities with access to the system

    Source: Czech National Bank

    The Czech National Bank (CNB) will provide access to its CERTIS payment system to new applicants. Besides banks and other credit institutions, non-bank lenders will also be able to use the infrastructure, which enables reliable and secure money transfers between the payer and the payee and – in the case of instant payments – in just a few seconds.

    Non-bank lenders will be able to join CERTIS on the date the amendment to Act No. 370/2017 Coll., on the Payment System, takes effect.[1] This is expected to happen on 9 April 2025.[2] In the meantime, however, the CNB will allow applicants to test the system’s functionalities, so that they can prepare for participation in CERTIS in advance. Payment institutions and electronic money institutions may start filing preliminary applications for connection to the system once the central bank publishes the revised CERTIS rules. The CNB will update the rules following the approval and publication of the amendment, which was approved by the Senate on 22 January 2025 and is yet to be signed by the President.

    Non-bank institutions will operate within the CERTIS system under conditions similar to those applied to banks, but their accounts in CERTIS will serve exclusively for payments and cannot be used for other purposes, in particular for safeguarding clients’ funds. Otherwise, the participation of an institution in CERTIS will be terminated for serious breach of contract. Further, these institutions will not be able to obtain intraday or other credit, and will be assessed to determine whether they meet the conditions set out in the Payment System Act specifically for such institutions.

    CERTIS (Czech Express Real Time Interbank Gross Settlement System) is used to process non-cash payments in Czech koruna. If both the payer and the payee have accounts at the same bank, the money transfer (account settlement) is processed directly within that bank’s system. If the payer and the payee have accounts with different banks, the payer’s bank must use the CERTIS interbank payment system for the transfer of funds.

    CERTIS began operation on 8 March 1992 within the Clearing and Settlement Centre at the State Bank of Czechoslovakia in the former Czechoslovakia. It is currently operated by the Czech National Bank. In 2024, CERTIS processed more than 983 million items with a total value of CZK 386.5 trillion. The system thus processed on average 3.9 million transactions a day, totalling more than CZK 1.5 trillion. One in three payments was processed as an instant payment, based on the payer’s choice, in just a matter of seconds.

    [1] The amendment to Act No. 370/2017 Coll., on the Payment System, will transpose the changes implemented by Regulation 2024/886 on instant credit transfers in euro (the IPR) into the directives on settlement finality and payment services. At the same time, it will enable payment institutions and electronic money institutions based in the Czech Republic or another EU or EEA country to participate in the CERTIS payment system.

    [2] Senate Print No. 31 – a draft law amending certain laws in connection with the implementation of the European Union’s legislation in the area of the digitalisation of the financial market and sustainability financing (available in Czech only).

    Related links

    MIL OSI Economics –

  • MIL-OSI Africa: DRC has created a reserve force to fight the M23 – why this may backfire

    Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Judith Verweijen, Assistant professor, Utrecht University

    After nearly three decades of warfare, armed conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) seems only to intensify. The Rwanda-backed M23 rebellion has been at the centre of attention in recent years. However, eastern DRC is home to more than 100 other armed groups, which are a major source of instability too. The question of their demobilisation has haunted the country ever since the end of the Second Congo War in 2003.

    A new chapter in this long-standing conundrum seems to have started. In 2022, the government decided to form an alliance with armed groups to fight their common enemy, the M23 and its Rwandan backers. At around the same time, it launched an initiative to create an army reserve, known as the Reserve armée de la défense (RAD). This formalised the Congolese army’s established practice of using armed groups as auxiliaries.

    The creation of the reserve army allows the government to reward armed group allies with integration while bringing them under institutionalised control. But will this actually work?

    Our past and ongoing research on army integration and demobilisation in eastern DRC casts doubt on the plan, for three reasons.

    The first risk is that armed groups will boost their numbers to gain a stronger bargaining position once integration does occur.

    Secondly, reservist forces may compete with the army over territorial control and limited resources and turn against those who created them.

    Finally, merely absorbing armed groups into a reserve force does little to address the long-standing grievances that underlie conflict in the east.

    The Wazalendo: eastern DRC’s predatory patriots

    On 9 May 2022, in a secretive meeting in the town of Pinga in North Kivu, the Congolese armed forces and several Congolese armed groups agreed to cease hostilities against each other and instead form an alliance to fight their common enemy, the M23.

    As a result, these groups became quasi-official and increasingly presented themselves as defenders of Congo’s territorial integrity. They started to call themselves Wazalendo or patriots in Kiswahili. Fuelled by President Félix Tshisekedi’s supportive rhetoric, the Wazalendo became symbols of Congolese resistance against foreign aggression. This benefited the president’s 2023 electoral campaign.

    Across North and South Kivu provinces, armed groups have rebranded themselves Wazalendo, even when not part of the coalition fighting the M23.

    As the Congolese army’s attention is on the M23, these armed groups have benefited from the lull in operations against them. Most Wazalendo groups are allowed to roam around freely and have dramatically expanded their zones of influence and violent systems of revenue generation.

    This includes taxation at markets and rapidly proliferating roadblocks, but also ransom kidnappings and contract killings. There is also evidence that Wazalendo groups are engaged in torture, sexual violence and arbitrary arrests, and frequently recruit child soldiers.

    Chequered history of integration

    A few months after the Pinga meeting, Congo’s government launched a new national defence policy that mentioned the establishment of the reserve army. Though it was passed unanimously in parliament in April 2023, MPs voiced concerns that the new army reserve risked repeating mistakes of the past.

    The army is itself the product of the painstaking integration of former belligerents after the Second Congo War (1998-2003). But rebel-military integration became an open-ended process. Armed group officers alternately integrated into and deserted from the army in the hope of gaining higher ranks and positions in a next round of integration.

    Unending rebel integration also weakened the national army. It reinforced parallel command chains, facilitated intelligence leaks and created a lopsided hierarchy.

    The first iteration of the M23 rebellion in 2012 was the result of rebel integration gone wrong. In its aftermath, the Congolese government banned the wholesale negotiated integration of armed groups into the army.

    Hurdles to integration

    The reserve army risks unleashing the same dynamics of rewarding rebellion by doling out positions to armed group leaders and granting them impunity for past violence. In April 2024, the leaders of many Wazalendo groups were flown to Kinshasa where the army reserve leadership told them to start preparing lists of their combatants ahead of their integration.

    This has prompted numerous armed groups to step up recruitment.

    The prospect of integration has also triggered fierce competition for positions between Wazalendo commanders. This risks worsening animosities between groups.

    Other hurdles, some of which have been faced before, include:

    Unity of command. Forcing smaller armed groups into a hierarchical mould doesn’t always work. Most have deep local roots, with their recruitment and influence limited to a relatively small area. Used to calling the shots in their home areas, these commanders tend to be reluctant to take orders from higher-placed outsiders.

    Ethnic competition. Armed groups may resist full integration if they feel their rank and positions in the reserve army will be lower and that this will hamper their ability to protect members of their ethnic community. Such “local security dilemmas” have obstructed army integration and demobilisation efforts in the past.

    Resources. Armed groups currently enjoy substantial income, and considerable freedom in obtaining it. Will the reserve army command allow its members to engage in illegal taxation, kidnapping for ransom, robbery and ambushes? If not, how will it compensate for their lost opportunities? In addition, the reserve army is likely to compete with the army over revenue-generating opportunities. And some of its members may leak intelligence to fellow armed groups.

    Painkiller or cure?

    The army reserve may be read as the latest attempt at solving the decades-old problem of getting rid of the many armed groups in eastern DRC, this time by bringing them into the fold of the state yet not into the army.

    However, this solution does risk unleashing many of the same detrimental dynamics as army integration. It may fuel armed mobilisation and militarisation rather than contain it.

    Wazalendo groups are currently in a comfortable position and there are no repercussions for not integrating the reserve force. To contain them, both the DRC’s army and the military justice system would need to be professionalised.

    Even if the reserve army did not have negative ripple effects, it would be an unlikely cure for armed mobilisation. That requires comprehensive, bottom-up peace efforts that tackle deep-seated grievances related to past violence and conflict over belonging, territory and local authority. Barring such efforts, the reserve force will remain a painkiller at best.

    – DRC has created a reserve force to fight the M23 – why this may backfire
    – https://theconversation.com/drc-has-created-a-reserve-force-to-fight-the-m23-why-this-may-backfire-247476

    MIL OSI Africa –

  • MIL-OSI Global: DRC has created a reserve force to fight the M23 – why this may backfire

    Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Judith Verweijen, Assistant professor, Utrecht University

    After nearly three decades of warfare, armed conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) seems only to intensify. The Rwanda-backed M23 rebellion has been at the centre of attention in recent years. However, eastern DRC is home to more than 100 other armed groups, which are a major source of instability too. The question of their demobilisation has haunted the country ever since the end of the Second Congo War in 2003.

    A new chapter in this long-standing conundrum seems to have started. In 2022, the government decided to form an alliance with armed groups to fight their common enemy, the M23 and its Rwandan backers. At around the same time, it launched an initiative to create an army reserve, known as the Reserve armée de la défense (RAD). This formalised the Congolese army’s established practice of using armed groups as auxiliaries.

    The creation of the reserve army allows the government to reward armed group allies with integration while bringing them under institutionalised control. But will this actually work?

    Our past and ongoing research on army integration and demobilisation in eastern DRC casts doubt on the plan, for three reasons.

    The first risk is that armed groups will boost their numbers to gain a stronger bargaining position once integration does occur.

    Secondly, reservist forces may compete with the army over territorial control and limited resources and turn against those who created them.

    Finally, merely absorbing armed groups into a reserve force does little to address the long-standing grievances that underlie conflict in the east.

    The Wazalendo: eastern DRC’s predatory patriots

    On 9 May 2022, in a secretive meeting in the town of Pinga in North Kivu, the Congolese armed forces and several Congolese armed groups agreed to cease hostilities against each other and instead form an alliance to fight their common enemy, the M23.

    As a result, these groups became quasi-official and increasingly presented themselves as defenders of Congo’s territorial integrity. They started to call themselves Wazalendo or patriots in Kiswahili. Fuelled by President Félix Tshisekedi’s supportive rhetoric, the Wazalendo became symbols of Congolese resistance against foreign aggression. This benefited the president’s 2023 electoral campaign.

    Across North and South Kivu provinces, armed groups have rebranded themselves Wazalendo, even when not part of the coalition fighting the M23.

    As the Congolese army’s attention is on the M23, these armed groups have benefited from the lull in operations against them. Most Wazalendo groups are allowed to roam around freely and have dramatically expanded their zones of influence and violent systems of revenue generation.

    This includes taxation at markets and rapidly proliferating roadblocks, but also ransom kidnappings and contract killings. There is also evidence that Wazalendo groups are engaged in torture, sexual violence and arbitrary arrests, and frequently recruit child soldiers.

    Chequered history of integration

    A few months after the Pinga meeting, Congo’s government launched a new national defence policy that mentioned the establishment of the reserve army. Though it was passed unanimously in parliament in April 2023, MPs voiced concerns that the new army reserve risked repeating mistakes of the past.

    The army is itself the product of the painstaking integration of former belligerents after the Second Congo War (1998-2003). But rebel-military integration became an open-ended process. Armed group officers alternately integrated into and deserted from the army in the hope of gaining higher ranks and positions in a next round of integration.

    Unending rebel integration also weakened the national army. It reinforced parallel command chains, facilitated intelligence leaks and created a lopsided hierarchy.

    The first iteration of the M23 rebellion in 2012 was the result of rebel integration gone wrong. In its aftermath, the Congolese government banned the wholesale negotiated integration of armed groups into the army.

    Hurdles to integration

    The reserve army risks unleashing the same dynamics of rewarding rebellion by doling out positions to armed group leaders and granting them impunity for past violence. In April 2024, the leaders of many Wazalendo groups were flown to Kinshasa where the army reserve leadership told them to start preparing lists of their combatants ahead of their integration.

    This has prompted numerous armed groups to step up recruitment.

    The prospect of integration has also triggered fierce competition for positions between Wazalendo commanders. This risks worsening animosities between groups.

    Other hurdles, some of which have been faced before, include:

    Unity of command. Forcing smaller armed groups into a hierarchical mould doesn’t always work. Most have deep local roots, with their recruitment and influence limited to a relatively small area. Used to calling the shots in their home areas, these commanders tend to be reluctant to take orders from higher-placed outsiders.

    Ethnic competition. Armed groups may resist full integration if they feel their rank and positions in the reserve army will be lower and that this will hamper their ability to protect members of their ethnic community. Such “local security dilemmas” have obstructed army integration and demobilisation efforts in the past.

    Resources. Armed groups currently enjoy substantial income, and considerable freedom in obtaining it. Will the reserve army command allow its members to engage in illegal taxation, kidnapping for ransom, robbery and ambushes? If not, how will it compensate for their lost opportunities? In addition, the reserve army is likely to compete with the army over revenue-generating opportunities. And some of its members may leak intelligence to fellow armed groups.

    Painkiller or cure?

    The army reserve may be read as the latest attempt at solving the decades-old problem of getting rid of the many armed groups in eastern DRC, this time by bringing them into the fold of the state yet not into the army.

    However, this solution does risk unleashing many of the same detrimental dynamics as army integration. It may fuel armed mobilisation and militarisation rather than contain it.

    Wazalendo groups are currently in a comfortable position and there are no repercussions for not integrating the reserve force. To contain them, both the DRC’s army and the military justice system would need to be professionalised.

    Even if the reserve army did not have negative ripple effects, it would be an unlikely cure for armed mobilisation. That requires comprehensive, bottom-up peace efforts that tackle deep-seated grievances related to past violence and conflict over belonging, territory and local authority. Barring such efforts, the reserve force will remain a painkiller at best.

    Michel Thill is a Senior Program Officer for swisspeace, a Basel University affiliated practice and research institute dedicated to advancing effective peacebuilding. swisspeace receives funding from research funding bodies, and bilateral and multilateral organizations. Michel is also a Fellow of the Rift Valley Institute.

    Judith Verweijen does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. DRC has created a reserve force to fight the M23 – why this may backfire – https://theconversation.com/drc-has-created-a-reserve-force-to-fight-the-m23-why-this-may-backfire-247476

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Financial news: Three deposit auctions of the PPC “TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND” will take place on 27.01.2025

    Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

    Source: Moscow Exchange – Moscow Exchange –

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    Please Note; This Information is Raw Content Directly from the Information Source. It is access to What the Source Is Stating and Does Not Reflect

    https://www.moex.com/n77141

    Category24-7, MIL-AXIS, Moscow, Moskov Stotsk Exchange, Russians savings, Russians Federal, Russians Language, Russian economy

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    Archives

    Archives Privations of the Police Proudly would trust WordPress

    Date of the deposit auction 01/27/2025
    Placement currency RUB
    Maximum amount of funds placed (in placement currency) 5,523,000,000.00
    Placement period, days 22
    Date of deposit 01/27/2025
    Refund date 02/18/2025
    Minimum placement interest rate, % per annum 21.00
    Conditions of imprisonment, urgent or special Urgent
    Minimum amount of funds placed for one application (in placement currency) 5,523,000,000.00
    Maximum number of applications from one Participant, pcs. 1
    Auction form, open or closed Open
    Basis of the Treaty General Agreement
     
    Schedule (Moscow time)
    Preliminary applications from 11:30 to 11:40
    Applications in competition mode from 11:40 to 11:45
    Setting a cut-off percentage or declaring the auction invalid until 11:55
       
    Additional terms  

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: The government has additionally indexed insurance pensions for working and non-working pensioners

    Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

    Source: Government of the Russian Federation – An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

    The decision was made on the instructions of the President.

    The Prime Minister signed a resolution on an additional increase in insurance pensions for working and non-working pensioners to the level of actual inflation for 2024.

    Document

    Resolution of January 23, 2025 No. 34

    According to the document, the amount of the fixed payment to the insurance pension and the cost of one pension coefficient have been additionally increased from January 1, 2025. In February, pensioners will receive an increased pension for February and an additional payment for January.

    The decision will increase the level of pension provision for all recipients of insurance pensions. This is about 39.3 million people.

    Initially, from January 1, 2025, insurance pensions were increased by 7.3% in accordance with the forecast inflation rate in 2024. In mid-January, Rosstat provided data on the actual inflation rate in 2024. After that, a decision was made to further index insurance pensions to the actual inflation rate.

    Mikhail Mishustin instructed Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova to monitor the implementation of the additional indexation of insurance pensions at a meeting with deputy prime ministers on January 27.

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Welcome to GUU: Open Day brought together future students

    Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

    Source: State University of Management – Official website of the State –

    On January 26, hundreds of applicants and parents came to the Open Day of the State University of Management.

    In total, more than 1,600 participants registered, half of whom came to the university to see everything with their own eyes.

    The meeting was opened by the Vice-Rector of the State University of Management, Dmitry Bryukhanov, who spoke about the key advantages of the university in all areas.

    “We are glad to see the first management university of the country on the site. In 2024, GUU celebrated its 105th anniversary. We rightfully bear the title of the first management university, because back in the USSR, we opened the first department for training managers. It was our scientists who wrote the first textbook on management science. Today, almost all basic areas of education are available at our university. As well as MBA programs, postgraduate studies, additional professional education, etc. Moreover, GUU implements the Presidential Program for the Training of Management Personnel and conducts foreign internships for its graduates,” said Dmitry Yuryevich.

    The head of the department for organizing the admission of applicants, Vadim Dikikh, announced changes in the university admission system in 2025/2026.

    “The admission rules change every year. Digitalization affects both our daily lives and all universities. Today, admission is a complex process that includes a number of steps using State Services. Therefore, you need to approach the process thoughtfully, understand and decide whether you plan to apply for a targeted or general competition, whether you have benefits or not, which areas of training, which Unified State Exams to take or which Olympiad you can take part in “tomorrow”. Most of the information can be obtained online, but if you have doubts or questions, the admissions committee staff will always help and point you in the right direction,” Vadim Dikikh advised.

    The guests were introduced to student life and extracurricular activities by the Vice-Rector of the State University of Management Pavel Pavlovsky, who noted only the main areas and opportunities, because our university has truly countless of them: KVN, “Service Learning”, university shifts, thematic summer camps in the All-Russian Children’s Center “Ocean” and Artek, dozens of federal competitions and projects in which everyone can find opportunities for self-realization.

    Also, as part of the official part, a representative of Sberbank spoke …, introducing future applicants and their parents to a preferential loan from Sberbank, available to applicants to the First Management. And the director of the Center for Professional Orientation Elena Likhatskikh told about how to earn additional points.

    Throughout the day, guests of the university were given tours of the GUU campus, consultations on admission issues, career guidance for schoolchildren, pre-university training and the infrastructure of the alma mater. Also, everyone could take part in a show match against the CS2 team, visit the Playstation zone or experience the possibilities of games in VR helmets.

    More photos from the Open Day can be seen in the album.

    Subscribe to the TG channel “Our GUU” Date of publication: 01/27/2025

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Deputy Plenipotentiary Representative of the President in the Central Federal District Artur Niyazmetov visited the State University of Management

    Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

    Source: State University of Management – Official website of the State –

    On January 21, the Deputy Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Central Federal District, Artur Niyazmetov, visited the State University of Management.

    The meeting with the guest was attended by the rector of the State University of Management Vladimir Stroyev, vice-rectors Maria Karelina, Dmitry Bryukhanov and Vitaly Lapshenkov, as well as the head of the department of external and internal communications Tatyana Sharapova.

    The conversation began with a discussion of the Vykhino district and the uniqueness of the territory of the State University of Management.

    “We are the only university in Moscow whose campus is located on a single closed territory. On 15 hectares there is an academic building, which is connected by passages that allow you to get to any point without leaving the building, a sports complex, an information technology center, a stadium, a swimming pool. Residents of the area come to us to do sports. The area has changed a lot in recent years: modern buildings are being built under the renovation program, new metro stations and high-speed highways are opening. And the contingent, accordingly, is becoming different,” Vladimir Vitalyevich noted.

    An important topic of discussion was targeted training and preparation for the 2025 admission campaign. The meeting participants paid special attention to the analysis of the results of the 2024/2025 campaign, which was held according to the new rules of targeted training. It should be noted that this year has become an important stage for determining further directions for the development of the system.

    “The new rules for admission to targeted training in the 2024/2025 admission campaign were in effect for the first time. Based on its results, we made certain conclusions and made adjustments. It has been several years since we have been talking about the need to plan and recruit for training differently so that there are no distortions. The system is still being worked out,” shared Artur Niyazmetov.

    Dmitry Bryukhanov said that more than 90% of first-year students complete their studies and receive a diploma, and this is a fairly high figure. This year, the number of applicants from the capital has increased, which is possibly due to the university opening entrepreneurship classes in Moscow schools.

    After the meeting, the delegation went on a tour of the university. Artur Niyazmetov visited the Pre-University of the State University of Management, the sports complex, the Information Technology Center, which houses the Boiling Point of the State University of Management and eSports classes, as well as the Center for Innovative Technologies.

    The rector personally showed the guest how to use the Jaling studio, and the media center staff demonstrated the capabilities of recording videos and examples of finished works from different rooms of the media center.

    The Student Design Bureau and its developments were of particular interest. Vladimir Filatov, Director of the Engineering Project Management Center, spoke about ongoing projects in mechanical engineering, reverse engineering, and unmanned systems. Postgraduate student Vladimir Kutkov presented a project for the production of small-sized drones intended for use in anti-drone systems. The guest was very interested in the topic, asked questions, and clarified details.

    “It’s good that the guys are working in the design bureau with pleasure and understanding, and most importantly, there are practical results. A good idea,” concluded Artur Niyazmetov.

    At the end of the meeting, those gathered visited the meeting room of the Academic Council of the State University of Management and discussed plans for the development of the university’s dissertation councils.

    Subscribe to the TG channel “Our GUU” Date of publication: 01/27/2025

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI China: Xi lauds China’s solid progress despite challenges in Year of Dragon

    Source: China State Council Information Office 2

    Chinese President Xi Jinping on Monday noted solid progress the country has made in advancing Chinese modernization amid “complex and challenging” situations over the past twelve months at a high-level reception to ring in the Chinese New Year.
    “In the Year of the Dragon, we demonstrated vitality and a can-do spirit. We endured storms and saw the rainbow,” said Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission.
    Faced with complex and challenging situations, China responded with composure and implemented a range of comprehensive measures, overcame difficulties and forged ahead with determination, Xi said at the reception held by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to usher in the Year of the Snake, which begins on Jan. 29.

    MIL OSI China News –

  • MIL-OSI China: China’s overall economic output continues to expand

    Source: China State Council Information Office

    An aerial drone photo taken on Jan. 15, 2025 shows the cruise ship Adora Flora City under construction at Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. in Shanghai, east China. [Photo/Xinhua]

    China’s overall economic output continued to expand in January, reflecting a steady recovery momentum, according to official data.

    In January, China’s composite purchasing managers’ index (PMI) stood at 50.1, according to data released Monday by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).

    The PMI for China’s manufacturing sector came in at 49.1, down from 50.1 in December. NBS statistician Zhao Qinghe said that the manufacturing PMI data in January were influenced by factors such as the approaching Spring Festival holiday and enterprise employees’ returning home for festival reunions.

    The Chinese New Year, or the Spring Festival, falls on Jan. 29 this year. It is the most important holiday on the Chinese calendar and an occasion for family reunions.

    The NBS data showed that the sub-indices of production and new orders came in at 49.8 and 49.2, respectively.

    The PMI for the equipment manufacturing sector remained above 50 for a sixth straight month, with its January reading at 50.2, according to the NBS.

    A reading above 50 indicates expansion, while a reading below 50 reflects contraction.

    The PMI for China’s non-manufacturing sector came in at 50.2 in January, down from 52.2 in December, official data showed Monday.

    The service sector continued to expand, with its sub-index standing at 50.3 in January, according to the NBS.

    Driven by the effects of the Spring Festival, business activity indices in sectors related to residents’ travel and consumption, including road transportation, accommodation, catering, ecological protection, and public facility management, have risen into the expansion zone, showing strengthened market activities.

    Meanwhile, business activity indices in sectors such as air transport, postal services, telecommunications, radio, television, satellite transmission services, and monetary and financial services remained above the 55-mark, indicating a robust growth in overall business volume.

    The expectation index for manufacturing production and business activity reached 55.3, while that for non-manufacturing business activity stood at 56.7, both within a relatively high range of prosperity. This suggests that most enterprises remain confident in market development following the holiday, according to Zhao.

    NBS data also showed that the combined profit of major industrial enterprises in China surpassed 7.43 trillion yuan (about $1.04 trillion) in 2024, while large enterprises in the cultural industry generated a combined profit of about 1.29 trillion yuan last year.

    MIL OSI China News –

  • MIL-OSI China: China’s industrial profits top 7.43 trillion yuan in 2024

    Source: China State Council Information Office 3

    The combined profit of major industrial enterprises in China exceeded 7.43 trillion yuan (about $1.04 trillion) in 2024, down 3.3 percent year on year, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said on Monday.

    The data showed that in December last year, profits went up 11 percent year on year.

    NBS statistician Yu Weining attributed the improvement to the implementation of incremental measures. Industrial profits in December rebounded significantly from a 7.3 percent decrease in November, and the decline in corporate earnings in the fourth quarter eased markedly from the third quarter of last year.

    High-tech manufacturing became an important growth driver in 2024, with profits growing 4.5 percent from 2023. In particular, Yu said that high-end, intelligent and green manufacturing recorded faster profit growth.

    The equipment manufacturing sector continued to be the cornerstone last year, with five of its eight industries posting year-on-year increases in profits, according to Yu.

    In addition, last year’s profits in the consumer goods manufacturing sector improved by 3.4 percent year on year thanks to supportive policy measures to promote consumption, Yu said.

    Moving forward, Yu called for continued efforts to expand domestic demand, boost the formation of new quality productive forces, and promote the recovery of industrial profits. 

    MIL OSI China News –

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: Hong Kong Customs detects case of illegally importing animals in third phase of “Pet Guardian” operation (with photos)

    Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

    Hong Kong Customs detects case of illegally importing animals in third phase of “Pet Guardian” operation (with photos)
    Hong Kong Customs detects case of illegally importing animals in third phase of “Pet Guardian” operation (with photos)
    ******************************************************************************************

         Hong Kong Customs mounted an operation against smuggling of animals codenamed “Pet Guardian” with the Anti-Smuggling Bureau of Shenzhen Customs since November 2023. In late January this year, Hong Kong Customs launched the third phase of the operation and detected one suspected case of illegally importing animals on January 22. Four suspected illegally imported animals with an estimated market value of about $120,000 were seized.     On that day, Hong Kong Customs at Sha Tau Kok spotted a woman pushing a bike, who entered Hong Kong through the Chung Ying Street Checkpoint from the Mainland side of Chung Ying Street. The front basket of her bike carried two handbags suspected of containing animals. Customs officers then took action and found four suspected illegally imported animals, including one kitten and three puppies, inside the handbags. The 32-year-old woman was subsequently arrested.     Investigations of the case is ongoing and the four animals have been handed over to the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department for follow-up action.     Being a government department specifically responsible for tackling smuggling, Customs has long been combating various smuggling activities on all fronts. Customs will keep up its enforcement action and continue to resolutely combat all types of smuggling activities through proactive risk management and intelligence-based enforcement strategies, and carry out targeted anti-smuggling operations at suitable times to disrupt relevant crimes.     Customs reminds the public that importing animals into Hong Kong without a valid permit is an offence.     Under the Rabies Regulation, any person found guilty of illegally importing animals, carcasses or animal products is liable to a maximum fine of $50,000 and imprisonment for one year.

     
    Ends/Monday, January 27, 2025Issued at HKT 15:37

    NNNN

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News –

  • MIL-OSI Africa: DRC creates a reserve force to fight the M23 – why this may backfire

    Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Judith Verweijen, Assistant professor, Utrecht University

    After nearly three decades of warfare, armed conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) seems only to intensify. The Rwanda-backed M23 rebellion has been at the centre of attention in recent years. However, eastern DRC is home to more than 100 other armed groups, which are a major source of instability too. The question of their demobilisation has haunted the country ever since the end of the Second Congo War in 2003.

    A new chapter in this long-standing conundrum seems to have started. In 2022, the government decided to form an alliance with armed groups to fight their common enemy, the M23 and its Rwandan backers. At around the same time, it launched an initiative to create an army reserve, known as the Reserve armée de la défense (RAD). This formalised the Congolese army’s established practice of using armed groups as auxiliaries.

    The creation of the reserve army allows the government to reward armed group allies with integration while bringing them under institutionalised control. But will this actually work?

    Our past and ongoing research on army integration and demobilisation in eastern DRC casts doubt on the plan, for three reasons.

    The first risk is that armed groups will boost their numbers to gain a stronger bargaining position once integration does occur.

    Secondly, reservist forces may compete with the army over territorial control and limited resources and turn against those who created them.

    Finally, merely absorbing armed groups into a reserve force does little to address the long-standing grievances that underlie conflict in the east.

    The Wazalendo: eastern DRC’s predatory patriots

    On 9 May 2022, in a secretive meeting in the town of Pinga in North Kivu, the Congolese armed forces and several Congolese armed groups agreed to cease hostilities against each other and instead form an alliance to fight their common enemy, the M23.

    As a result, these groups became quasi-official and increasingly presented themselves as defenders of Congo’s territorial integrity. They started to call themselves Wazalendo or patriots in Kiswahili. Fuelled by President Félix Tshisekedi’s supportive rhetoric, the Wazalendo became symbols of Congolese resistance against foreign aggression. This benefited the president’s 2023 electoral campaign.

    Across North and South Kivu provinces, armed groups have rebranded themselves Wazalendo, even when not part of the coalition fighting the M23.

    As the Congolese army’s attention is on the M23, these armed groups have benefited from the lull in operations against them. Most Wazalendo groups are allowed to roam around freely and have dramatically expanded their zones of influence and violent systems of revenue generation.

    This includes taxation at markets and rapidly proliferating roadblocks, but also ransom kidnappings and contract killings. There is also evidence that Wazalendo groups are engaged in torture, sexual violence and arbitrary arrests, and frequently recruit child soldiers.

    Chequered history of integration

    A few months after the Pinga meeting, Congo’s government launched a new national defence policy that mentioned the establishment of the reserve army. Though it was passed unanimously in parliament in April 2023, MPs voiced concerns that the new army reserve risked repeating mistakes of the past.

    The army is itself the product of the painstaking integration of former belligerents after the Second Congo War (1998-2003). But rebel-military integration became an open-ended process. Armed group officers alternately integrated into and deserted from the army in the hope of gaining higher ranks and positions in a next round of integration.

    Unending rebel integration also weakened the national army. It reinforced parallel command chains, facilitated intelligence leaks and created a lopsided hierarchy.

    The first iteration of the M23 rebellion in 2012 was the result of rebel integration gone wrong. In its aftermath, the Congolese government banned the wholesale negotiated integration of armed groups into the army.

    Hurdles to integration

    The reserve army risks unleashing the same dynamics of rewarding rebellion by doling out positions to armed group leaders and granting them impunity for past violence. In April 2024, the leaders of many Wazalendo groups were flown to Kinshasa where the army reserve leadership told them to start preparing lists of their combatants ahead of their integration.

    This has prompted numerous armed groups to step up recruitment.

    The prospect of integration has also triggered fierce competition for positions between Wazalendo commanders. This risks worsening animosities between groups.

    Other hurdles, some of which have been faced before, include:

    Unity of command. Forcing smaller armed groups into a hierarchical mould doesn’t always work. Most have deep local roots, with their recruitment and influence limited to a relatively small area. Used to calling the shots in their home areas, these commanders tend to be reluctant to take orders from higher-placed outsiders.

    Ethnic competition. Armed groups may resist full integration if they feel their rank and positions in the reserve army will be lower and that this will hamper their ability to protect members of their ethnic community. Such “local security dilemmas” have obstructed army integration and demobilisation efforts in the past.

    Resources. Armed groups currently enjoy substantial income, and considerable freedom in obtaining it. Will the reserve army command allow its members to engage in illegal taxation, kidnapping for ransom, robbery and ambushes? If not, how will it compensate for their lost opportunities? In addition, the reserve army is likely to compete with the army over revenue-generating opportunities. And some of its members may leak intelligence to fellow armed groups.

    Painkiller or cure?

    The army reserve may be read as the latest attempt at solving the decades-old problem of getting rid of the many armed groups in eastern DRC, this time by bringing them into the fold of the state yet not into the army.

    However, this solution does risk unleashing many of the same detrimental dynamics as army integration. It may fuel armed mobilisation and militarisation rather than contain it.

    Wazalendo groups are currently in a comfortable position and there are no repercussions for not integrating the reserve force. To contain them, both the DRC’s army and the military justice system would need to be professionalised.

    Even if the reserve army did not have negative ripple effects, it would be an unlikely cure for armed mobilisation. That requires comprehensive, bottom-up peace efforts that tackle deep-seated grievances related to past violence and conflict over belonging, territory and local authority. Barring such efforts, the reserve force will remain a painkiller at best.

    – DRC creates a reserve force to fight the M23 – why this may backfire
    – https://theconversation.com/drc-creates-a-reserve-force-to-fight-the-m23-why-this-may-backfire-247476

    MIL OSI Africa –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: NSU student from Indonesia took 3rd place in regional vocal competition among universities

    Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

    Source: Novosibirsk State University – Novosibirsk State University –

    Raden Ankling Kesumo, or as he is called at Novosibirsk State University, Ray, is a second-year student Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, NSUAt the Univervision contest, he performed Sergey Lazarev’s song “Give Up”, as well as a composition by the Italian group Maneskin Coralline. With his talent, he was able to win the hearts of the jury.

    Before reaching the final stage of the competition, each university selected its talents to send them to participate in the regional competition “Univervision”. Ray was the only one who got into the competition from NSU with 18 more soloists and 13 groups from other universities. On December 5, the semi-final of the competition took place, where Mitya Fomin was present as a star guest and judge. According to the terms of the competition, the participants had to perform a song in Russian. Ray chose the composition “Sdaivaysya” by Sergey Lazarev. With it, our student reached the final of “Univervision”.

    — According to the rules, in the final we had to sing a song from a film or any foreign song that had to be translated into Russian. I was so happy and nervous at the same time, as it was my first time in my life performing as a solo vocalist in a regional competition. I realized my ability to feel a song, so I chose one that had a deep meaning, emotions, elements of splitting the voice and the ability to take high notes. Therefore, the song of the group Måneskin Coraline was the best option, we decided to translate it. Alena Matveeva, my girlfriend, helped me with the translation of the lyrics, Stepan Morozov, my best friend, helped with editing the lyrics, and Karina Kuznetsova was very supportive and helped me with the use of vocal techniques. I do not forget about other friends, my family from the NSU Music Club, as well as the support of the staff of the NSU Department of Youth Policy and Educational Work, who always gave me the opportunity to demonstrate my skills and supported me morally, — said Ray.

    The final of the competition was held in the Mayakovsky Concert Hall on Student’s Day, January 25. The “Univervision – 2025” competition was the fifth and anniversary one in the Novosibirsk Region. The jury in the final included a star guest – Oleg Vlady, composer, author of songs for popular artists, member of the jury of the vocal television show “Nu-ka, Vse Vmeste!”

    — When I first went on stage, I realized that I just wanted to convey the feelings of the song to the listener with my voice. When the music started, the anxiety went away. It was quite challenging, as I had to sing a difficult song in Russian. I knew that the other soloists had magical voices, spoke Russian really well, and some of them graduated from music college or were trained by a vocal coach, while I was learning to sing on my own. When it was time to announce the preliminary results, I was shocked to find out that I was in 4th place. Then the jury was given time to give an additional maximum score (12 points) to the participants they liked the most. In the end, several jury members voted for me and awarded me 3rd place! I was so happy, but a little upset that the Univervision jury did not determine the winners separately among solo vocalists and vocal groups. The 1st and 2nd winners were full-fledged musical groups. In any case, I feel happy, that’s what matters! It was one of the best impressions I’ve had, – Ray shared his impressions.

    In the final of the competition, Ray was the only foreign participant from far abroad. He received the highest score from one of the experts and one of the educational organizations, so Raden confidently took the honorable 3rd place in the competition.

    — My plans for the future include focusing primarily on my studies, because we know that studying at the medical faculty is very difficult, especially at NSU. But I will still continue to perform with my group “Tikhiy Ogonyok” at NSU events, the Music Club and other organizations. Next year, I will definitely not give up and will make every effort to win other vocal competitions!

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: Crowd safety management measures and special traffic arrangements for Che Kung Festival

    Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

         Police will implement crowd safety management measures and special traffic arrangements to facilitate worshippers visiting Che Kung Temple in Sha Tin during the Che Kung Festival period.

    Crowd safety management measures
    ——————————–

         A large crowd is anticipated to visit Che Kung Temple and Che Kung Festival Fair during the Lunar New Year period. Depending on the crowd conditions, one-way pedestrian flow may be implemented at MTR Tai Wai Station and in the vicinity of Che Kung Temple, including Che Kung Miu Road and Chui Tin Street, between 11pm on January 28 and 8pm on Feberuary 2 to ensure public order and safety. Members of the public are urged to observe order and be patient while waiting in a queue.

    Special traffic arrangements
    —————————-

    A. Road closure

         The following roads will be closed from 8pm on January 28 to 8pm on February 2:

    – The slow lane of westbound Che Kung Miu Road between Sha Tin Tau Road and Chui Tin Street;
    – The right-turn lane of westbound Che Kung Miu Road between Chui
    Tin Street and near Che Kung Temple;
    – The slow lane of northbound Chui Tin Street between Che Kung Miu
    Road and the entrance of Sun Chui Estate near Sun Fong House; and
    – The slow lane of southbound Chui Tin Street between Che Kung Miu
    Road and the entrance of Sun Chui Estate near Sun Fong House.

    B. Traffic diversions

         The following traffic diversions will be implemented from 8pm on January 28 to 8pm on February 2:

    – Traffic along westbound Che Kung Miu Road cannot turn left to Chui Tin Street;
    – Traffic along westbound Che Kung Miu Road cannot turn right to the private road of The Wai;
    – Traffic along southbound Chui Tin Street cannot turn left to the road leading to the public car park at Chui Tin Street near Che Kung Temple;
    – Traffic along northbound Chui Tin Street cannot turn right to the road leading to the public car park at Chui Tin Street near Che Kung Temple;
    – Traffic along southbound Chui Tin Street cannot turn right to the entrance of Sun Chui Estate near Sun Fong House;
    – Traffic along northbound Chui Tin Street cannot go straight to the private road of The Wai;
    – Traffic along westbound Che Kung Miu Road heading for southbound Chui Tin Street and the private road of The Wai will be diverted via westbound Che Kung Miu Road, roundabout and eastbound Che Kung Miu Road;
    – Traffic along southbound Chui Tin Street heading for the entrance of Sun Chui Estate near Sun Fong House will be diverted via southbound Chui Tin Street, westbound Chui Tin Street, roundabout, eastbound Chui Tin Street and northbound Chui Tin Street; and
    – Traffic along northbound Chui Tin Street heading for the private
    road of The Wai will be diverted via westbound Che Kung Miu Road, roundabout and eastbound Che Kung Miu Road.

    C. Cycle track closure

         The following cycle tracks will be closed from 8pm on January 28 to 8pm on February 2:

    – The cycle track along Tsuen Lam Road between Tai Wai Road and the western riverside of Shing Mun River Channel;
    – The cycle track along the western riverside of Shing Mun River
    Channel between Tai Wai Soccer Pitch and Che Kung Miu Road;
    – The cycle track along the eastern riverside of Shing Mun River
    Channel between Tai Wai Soccer Pitch and Man Lai Court;
    – The cycle track connecting the eastern and western riverside of Shing Mun River Channel near Block 1 of Man Lai Court;
    – The cycle tracks along both sides of Che Kung Miu Road between
    Chui Tin Street and Sha Tin Tau Road;
    – The cycle track inside the subway system at the junction between Che Kung Miu Road and Chui Tin Street;
    – The cycle track inside the subway system at the junction between Che Kung Miu Road and Sha Tin Tau Road;
    – The cycle track along southern kerbside lane of Che Kung Miu Road between Chui Tin Street and Island School Tai Wai; and
    – The cycle tracks along both sides of Chui Tin Street between Che Kung Miu Road and the unnamed road leading to public car park near Che Kung Temple.

         During the cycle track closure period, cyclists may use the cycle track along the northern riverside of Shing Mun River Channel between Lion Rock Tunnel Road and Shing Wan Road commuting to and from Sha Tin.

    D. Suspension of car parks

         The public car park at Chui Tin Street near Che Kung Temple will be suspended from 6am on January 28 to 8pm on February 2, and from 7am to 6pm daily on February 8, 9, 15 and 16, except for vehicles with permit.

         The public car park at Chui Tin Street near Greenview Garden will be suspended from 6am on January 28 to 8pm on February 2, except for vehicles with permit.

         Members of the public are advised to make use of public transport to visit Che Kung Temple and Che Kung Festival Fair.

         During the implementation of the special traffic arrangements, any vehicles found illegally parked within the precincts mentioned above will be towed away without prior warning, and may be subject to multiple ticketing.

         Police will implement the above arrangements subject to traffic and crowd conditions in the area. Members of the public are advised to exercise tolerance and patience and take heed of instructions of the Police on site.

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News –

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: Import of poultry meat and products from Goleniów District of Zachodniopomorskie Region in Poland suspended

    Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

    Import of poultry meat and products from Goleniów District of Zachodniopomorskie Region in Poland suspended
    Import of poultry meat and products from Goleniów District of Zachodniopomorskie Region in Poland suspended
    ******************************************************************************************

         The Centre for Food Safety (CFS) of the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department announced today (January 27) that in view of a notification from the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) about an outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in Goleniów District of Zachodniopomorskie Region in Poland, the CFS has instructed the trade to suspend the import of poultry meat and products (including poultry eggs) from the area with immediate effect to protect public health in Hong Kong.     A CFS spokesman said that according to the Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong imported about 3 480 tonnes of frozen poultry meat from Poland in the first nine months of last year.     “The CFS has contacted the Polish authority over the issue and will closely monitor information issued by the WOAH and the relevant authorities on the avian influenza outbreak. Appropriate action will be taken in response to the development of the situation,” the spokesman said.

     
    Ends/Monday, January 27, 2025Issued at HKT 15:25

    NNNN

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News –

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: WSD’s Photo-taking Challenge on 60th Anniversary of Dongjiang Water Supply to Hong Kong starts tomorrow (with photos)

    Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

    WSD’s Photo-taking Challenge on 60th Anniversary of Dongjiang Water Supply to Hong Kong starts tomorrow (with photos)
    WSD’s Photo-taking Challenge on 60th Anniversary of Dongjiang Water Supply to Hong Kong starts tomorrow (with photos)
    ******************************************************************************************

         This year marks the 60th anniversary of Dongjiang water supply to Hong Kong. To commemorate this remarkable milestone with members of the public, the Water Supplies Department (WSD) is holding a Photo-taking Challenge on 60th Anniversary of Dongjiang Water Supply to Hong Kong from tomorrow (January 28) to May 18 with an aim to encourage members of the public to visit various related waterworks facilities to deepen their understanding of the Dongjiang water supply system, and also to learn from history and be grateful for the care rendered by the country. Participants who complete designated photo-taking tasks will have a chance to receive a limited edition souvenir. Members of the public are welcome to take part in the challenge.      The challenge covers six waterworks facilities, namely the Sheung Shui Dongjiang water main, the Plover Cove Reservoir, the Tai Lam Chung Reservoir, the High Island Reservoir, the Tin Shui Wai H2OPE Centre and the Shenzhen Reservoir. A section of the Sheung Shui Dongjiang water main is decorated as a bamboo with cute pandas and a WSD mascot named Water Save Dave dressed in a panda costume attract the public to take photos.      To participate, members of the public only have to take photos at the abovementioned waterworks facilities, share the photos in a public post on their Facebook or Instagram accounts and add designated hashtags and tags, and then email the screenshot of the post with the original photo to dj60@wsd.gov.hk. The challenge comprises eight challenge periods. The first 250 participants in each period to complete the above photo-taking challenge steps will receive a limited edition Water Save Dave family blind box doll. A set of four cute Water Save Dave family blind box dolls has been specially designed and produced to commemorate the 60th anniversary of Dongjiang water supply to Hong Kong, making the items exceptional collectibles. For details and rules of the challenge, please visit the event website.      Moreover, two special thematic guided tours of the Dongjiang water supply under the WSD’s “Excursion with Water Save Dave” visiting programme are being organised starting from October last year to March this year as one of the celebration activities for the 60th anniversary of the Dongjiang water supply to Hong Kong. Participants completing the two guided tours are also eligible to redeem a limited edition Water Save Dave family blind box doll. With the public’s great support and participation, the two thematic tours with 4,400 spaces has been fully taken up.

     
    Ends/Monday, January 27, 2025Issued at HKT 15:30

    NNNN

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News –

  • MIL-OSI Global: DRC creates a reserve force to fight the M23 – why this may backfire

    Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Judith Verweijen, Assistant professor, Utrecht University

    After nearly three decades of warfare, armed conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) seems only to intensify. The Rwanda-backed M23 rebellion has been at the centre of attention in recent years. However, eastern DRC is home to more than 100 other armed groups, which are a major source of instability too. The question of their demobilisation has haunted the country ever since the end of the Second Congo War in 2003.

    A new chapter in this long-standing conundrum seems to have started. In 2022, the government decided to form an alliance with armed groups to fight their common enemy, the M23 and its Rwandan backers. At around the same time, it launched an initiative to create an army reserve, known as the Reserve armée de la défense (RAD). This formalised the Congolese army’s established practice of using armed groups as auxiliaries.

    The creation of the reserve army allows the government to reward armed group allies with integration while bringing them under institutionalised control. But will this actually work?

    Our past and ongoing research on army integration and demobilisation in eastern DRC casts doubt on the plan, for three reasons.

    The first risk is that armed groups will boost their numbers to gain a stronger bargaining position once integration does occur.

    Secondly, reservist forces may compete with the army over territorial control and limited resources and turn against those who created them.

    Finally, merely absorbing armed groups into a reserve force does little to address the long-standing grievances that underlie conflict in the east.

    The Wazalendo: eastern DRC’s predatory patriots

    On 9 May 2022, in a secretive meeting in the town of Pinga in North Kivu, the Congolese armed forces and several Congolese armed groups agreed to cease hostilities against each other and instead form an alliance to fight their common enemy, the M23.

    As a result, these groups became quasi-official and increasingly presented themselves as defenders of Congo’s territorial integrity. They started to call themselves Wazalendo or patriots in Kiswahili. Fuelled by President Félix Tshisekedi’s supportive rhetoric, the Wazalendo became symbols of Congolese resistance against foreign aggression. This benefited the president’s 2023 electoral campaign.

    Across North and South Kivu provinces, armed groups have rebranded themselves Wazalendo, even when not part of the coalition fighting the M23.

    As the Congolese army’s attention is on the M23, these armed groups have benefited from the lull in operations against them. Most Wazalendo groups are allowed to roam around freely and have dramatically expanded their zones of influence and violent systems of revenue generation.

    This includes taxation at markets and rapidly proliferating roadblocks, but also ransom kidnappings and contract killings. There is also evidence that Wazalendo groups are engaged in torture, sexual violence and arbitrary arrests, and frequently recruit child soldiers.

    Chequered history of integration

    A few months after the Pinga meeting, Congo’s government launched a new national defence policy that mentioned the establishment of the reserve army. Though it was passed unanimously in parliament in April 2023, MPs voiced concerns that the new army reserve risked repeating mistakes of the past.

    The army is itself the product of the painstaking integration of former belligerents after the Second Congo War (1998-2003). But rebel-military integration became an open-ended process. Armed group officers alternately integrated into and deserted from the army in the hope of gaining higher ranks and positions in a next round of integration.

    Unending rebel integration also weakened the national army. It reinforced parallel command chains, facilitated intelligence leaks and created a lopsided hierarchy.

    The first iteration of the M23 rebellion in 2012 was the result of rebel integration gone wrong. In its aftermath, the Congolese government banned the wholesale negotiated integration of armed groups into the army.

    Hurdles to integration

    The reserve army risks unleashing the same dynamics of rewarding rebellion by doling out positions to armed group leaders and granting them impunity for past violence. In April 2024, the leaders of many Wazalendo groups were flown to Kinshasa where the army reserve leadership told them to start preparing lists of their combatants ahead of their integration.

    This has prompted numerous armed groups to step up recruitment.

    The prospect of integration has also triggered fierce competition for positions between Wazalendo commanders. This risks worsening animosities between groups.

    Other hurdles, some of which have been faced before, include:

    Unity of command. Forcing smaller armed groups into a hierarchical mould doesn’t always work. Most have deep local roots, with their recruitment and influence limited to a relatively small area. Used to calling the shots in their home areas, these commanders tend to be reluctant to take orders from higher-placed outsiders.

    Ethnic competition. Armed groups may resist full integration if they feel their rank and positions in the reserve army will be lower and that this will hamper their ability to protect members of their ethnic community. Such “local security dilemmas” have obstructed army integration and demobilisation efforts in the past.

    Resources. Armed groups currently enjoy substantial income, and considerable freedom in obtaining it. Will the reserve army command allow its members to engage in illegal taxation, kidnapping for ransom, robbery and ambushes? If not, how will it compensate for their lost opportunities? In addition, the reserve army is likely to compete with the army over revenue-generating opportunities. And some of its members may leak intelligence to fellow armed groups.

    Painkiller or cure?

    The army reserve may be read as the latest attempt at solving the decades-old problem of getting rid of the many armed groups in eastern DRC, this time by bringing them into the fold of the state yet not into the army.

    However, this solution does risk unleashing many of the same detrimental dynamics as army integration. It may fuel armed mobilisation and militarisation rather than contain it.

    Wazalendo groups are currently in a comfortable position and there are no repercussions for not integrating the reserve force. To contain them, both the DRC’s army and the military justice system would need to be professionalised.

    Even if the reserve army did not have negative ripple effects, it would be an unlikely cure for armed mobilisation. That requires comprehensive, bottom-up peace efforts that tackle deep-seated grievances related to past violence and conflict over belonging, territory and local authority. Barring such efforts, the reserve force will remain a painkiller at best.

    Michel Thill is a Senior Program Officer for swisspeace, a Basel University affiliated practice and research institute dedicated to advancing effective peacebuilding. swisspeace receives funding from research funding bodies, and bilateral and multilateral organizations. Michel is also a Fellow of the Rift Valley Institute.

    Judith Verweijen does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. DRC creates a reserve force to fight the M23 – why this may backfire – https://theconversation.com/drc-creates-a-reserve-force-to-fight-the-m23-why-this-may-backfire-247476

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: NSU scientists have designed a stand for studying radiation aging of semiconductor photodetectors

    Translation. Region: Russian Federation –

    Source: Novosibirsk State University – Novosibirsk State University –

    A rig for studying the radiation aging of solid-state photomultipliers (SPMT) was created by scientists from Novosibirsk State University together with their colleagues from the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS. The rig they developed is designed to operate at the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) facility, which is located at the INP SB RAS. It is integrated into the BNCT facility, expanding its capabilities. The rig is designed to study the radiation aging of SPMT. BNCT makes it possible to irradiate the devices under study with fast neutrons, and the rig, in turn, allows one to observe how this process affects their parameters. The first tests of the rig were conducted in November last year.

    Solid-state photomultiplier tubes (SSPMs) are a type of photodetector that are widely used in science. They can register single photons that result from the interaction of particles with the substance through which they pass. Since there are many such processes (scintillation, Cherenkov radiation, bremsstrahlung, etc.), the scope of application of SSPMs is very diverse. Almost every modern detector employs hundreds and thousands of SSPMs.

    — Under the influence of radiation — in our case, fast neutrons — the material is destroyed. In fact, neutrons destroy the structure of bonds in the semiconductor (usually silicon), from which the TFMTs are made. On the other hand, inside any detector operating at its collider, neutrons are also formed during the collision of counter beams of particles, and, therefore, along with the “useful” particles that the TFMTs are used to register, they undergo radiation aging. As a result, free charge carriers are formed, forming a dark current, and the TFMT at some point simply stops working. Therefore, it is necessary to know the permissible level of radiation at which they can be used. At the same time, the task of physicists is to make detectors such that their systems effectively register particles and at the same time are as little exposed to the harmful effects of radiation exposure as possible, — said the leading engineer of the interfaculty group of advanced developments of the Department of General Physics of the Physics Faculty of NSU, senior researcher at the Institute of Nuclear Physics named after G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS Viktor Bobrovnikov.

    In 2022, scientists from NSU and INP SB RAS spent a month at the BNCT facility studying the effect of radiation on the optical transparency of the fiber used in the calibration system of the electromagnetic calorimeter of the CMS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Part of this fiber is located quite close to the collision site of hadron beams, so it begins to darken – “age” under the influence of radiation. Studies conducted by scientists from NSU and INP SB RAS showed that the transparency of the fiber degrades by 25-30% at a dose corresponding to 3 years of CMS operation per experiment. The CMS calorimeter calibration team was completely satisfied with the result obtained. In this experiment, the researchers used the equipment and measurement methodology proposed by foreign colleagues. The experience gained was used to create our stand for studying TFMTs.

    The TFMT research setup consists of three main elements. The first is the light distribution system from the source (laser) to the TFMTs under study. It is necessary because all equipment must be located in a radiation-protected area (control room) to prevent damage to the equipment, while the TFMTs are directly exposed to radiation. The second element is a heat and cold chamber. Sometimes it is called a “climate chamber”. It allows you to set a certain temperature for the TFMT from -20 to 55 degrees. Temperature in this case is an important parameter, since the previously mentioned TFMT dark current (or noise) depends on it. If this noise is high enough, it can completely drown out the useful TFMT signal. Also, a “climate chamber” is necessary for researchers because the ambient temperature is quite unstable, and for repeatability of experiments to study the TFMT response, it is necessary to work in one temperature mode under strictly identical conditions. In addition, researchers are interested in conducting research outside room temperature in order to better understand the capabilities of the TFMT. The third important component of the stand is the data collection system. It is needed for digitalization and subsequent recording of signals from the studied TFEU, laser parameters, microclimate parameters in the TFEU location, signals from sensors measuring the stability of the laser source and the transparency of the optical fiber, and so on.

    — The solutions implemented in the stand are already used to one degree or another in various installations. The uniqueness lies in the process of irradiating the TFEU itself. Along with the simultaneous measurement of the TFEU parameters, we can evaluate the level of radiation dose. This gives us a rare opportunity to thoroughly study the level of radiation exposure to the TFEU. Such an opportunity is completely absent when conducting similar studies on reactors; in the end, you will only receive an answer about the initial and final state of your device without understanding how its parameters changed during irradiation, — explained Viktor Bobrovnikov.

    The stand was tested in November last year. A significant amount of data was obtained, which is currently being processed, but scientists are already noting that the effect of radiation aging of the TFEU has become quite obvious and it remains to complete the analysis to fully understand the whole picture.

    — We plan to upgrade the stand taking into account the experimental experience gained. It is impossible to take everything into account at once — some of the features are revealed directly in the process of work. In the conducted irradiation session, we worked with rather old TFEMs, which are now practically not used, but are quite suitable for “testing” the measurement technique in real conditions. Now we have three types of TFEMs, currently used in real experiments. One of them is used in the electromagnetic calorimeter “shashlik” of the MPD detector of the NIKA experiment (Dubna, Moscow). We and our colleagues are interested in knowing the response of these TFEMs to irradiation. So, we have extensive plans, at least for the next 2-3 years, — said Viktor Bobrovnikov.

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI China: China’s Spring Festival film pre-sales hit 600 mln-yuan in record time

    Source: China State Council Information Office 3

    With two days to go before the Spring Festival holiday, China’s box office pre-sales for the holiday have reached 600 million yuan (about 83.7 million U.S. dollars) as of Sunday, setting a new record for the fastest time to reach this milestone, according to data from box office trackers.

    Topping the pre-sale chart are domestic movies themed on wuxia (martial arts and chivalry), Chinese mythology and fantasy.

    The Spring Festival, or the Chinese New Year, is the most important festival on the Chinese calendar for family reunions, falling on Jan. 29 this year. The Spring Festival holiday, extended by one day to eight days this year, is one of the most lucrative movie-going seasons in China.

    Observers believe that the figure reflects a strong expectation for quality films among Chinese audiences.

    U.S. investment bank Morgan Stanley predicts that, driven by quality releases and strong market demand, China’s total box office revenue for the holiday may reach a new record of 8.8 billion yuan, up 9 percent from a year ago.

    Besides, it is notable that all the six films set for debut on the Spring Festival are domestic productions.

    According to film data platform Beacon, “The Legend of the Condor Heroes: The Great Hero,” an adaptation of a Chinese wuxia classic, is currently the biggest box-office draw in the pre-sales chart.

    “Ne Zha 2” and “Creation of the Gods II: Demon Force,” both based on Chinese myths, rank second and fourth in the chart, respectively. The fantasy “Detective Chinatown 1900” claims the third spot.

    Xiang Kai, a playwright and director, noted that most of the releases are deeply rooted in traditional Chinese culture, offering “the strongest portfolio in the same period ever” and demonstrating the rising confidence in Chinese culture among viewers in recent years.

    With improved quality, a wider range of genres, and a closer connection to local lifestyles, domestic films are likely to maintain their dominance in the Chinese film market, according to analysts.

    MIL OSI China News –

  • MIL-OSI China: Classic Peking Opera still resonates on silver screen

    Source: China State Council Information Office 3

    Peking Opera master performer Cheng Yanqiu and playwright Weng Ouhong once collaborated in the production of Suo Lin Nang, a bittersweet tale with a happy ending.

    The production premiered in 1940 and remains a showpiece of the Cheng style of Peking Opera to this day. Its morals still resonate with audiences today — lending a helping hand to those in need, kindness begets kindness, and girls help girls.

    In the story, Xue Xiangling, the daughter of a wealthy family, receives a purse filled with jewels from her mother before her wedding. On the way to the ceremony, a sudden downpour forces her to seek shelter in a pavilion where she meets another bride, Zhao Shouzhen, who is crying over her poverty, so Xue gifts Zhao the purse.

    Years later, a flood separates Xue from her family, and she has to work as a maid. She accidentally finds the purse in the house and realizes that the lady of the household is Zhao. Recognizing Xue as her benefactor, Zhao helps her reunite with her family.

    For more than three years, Shanghai Film Group, the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts, Shanghai Media Group and the Capital Jinghu Arts Research Association worked together to bring the production to the silver screen, along with Zhang Huoding, a renowned Peking Opera artist and representative performer of the Cheng opera style.

    The film Suo Lin Nang, or The Kylin Purse, made its Beijing premiere at the China National Film Museum on Dec 27.

    “This year marks the 120th anniversary of the birth of Cheng Yanqiu. The Cheng-style influence is profound and the master’s thoughts and spirit continue to enlighten future generations,” Zhang, also a professor at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts, said at the premiere.

    According to her, the film captures the classic stage production through visual storytelling, serving as a tribute to and remembrance of Peking Opera predecessors. “I sincerely hope that the Cheng style continues to thrive and the master’s art will endure,” she adds.

    At the premiere, director Teng Junjie, vice-president of the Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles, said that during the filmmaking process, he was moved by the professionalism and pursuit of excellence demonstrated by the Peking Opera artists.

    Teng recalls filming during the coldest winter months along the coast of Zhejiang province, but the artists, exemplified by Zhang, gritted their teeth and overcame the difficulties while working more than 10 hours a day.

    “Zhang insisted on canceling the trailer we booked for her to save our limited budget to improve the film’s quality,” Teng says.

    Another example of this camaraderie is that while some supporting actors had limited scenes, they insisted on staying on the set, offering to help in any way they could.

    “With 8K resolution, this film is presented to today’s audience with the clearest images, the most saturated colors, and the most precise combination of camera movement and structure,” Teng says.

    This film is made for today and the future, he adds.

    “With this film, we pay tribute to Cheng Yanqiu, our national treasure Peking Opera, and the excellent contemporary performers of the Cheng style who have been working hard to pass down the art form,” Teng says.

    In 2014, the film concept was included in the Peking Opera Film Project, initiated in 2011 to preserve outstanding stage productions through cinematic techniques. It later received support from the China National Arts Fund, which was approved by the State Council in late 2013.

    The completion of The Kylin Purse highlights that all 21 films listed in the project have been produced, with Shanghai Film Group having filmed and produced six.

    Last June, the film made its Shanghai premiere at the 26th Shanghai International Film Festival.

    In November, it was screened at the 9th edition of the festival of traditional Chinese operas in Paris and won one of its top prizes.

    The China National Film Museum has entered all 21 films from the project into its archives and established a permanent exhibition themed on the project.

    “The Kylin Purse is a highly acclaimed classic in the Peking Opera scene,” says Huang Xiaowei, the museum’s curator.

    “Its script upholds long-standing values such as justice and gratitude. With the distinctive Cheng singing style, especially under the superb performance of Zhang Huoding, the production has remarkable artistic depth and appeal,”Huang adds.

    She stresses the vital role Peking Opera played in China’s cinematic history, as the first-ever Chinese film Dingjun Mountain, released in 1905, was a recording of veteran Peking Opera artist Tan Xinpei performing.

    “The exhibition themed on the Peking Opera Film Project has expanded and enriched our museum’s film collection. It has taken on an integral role in showcasing the achievements of Chinese cinema,”Huang adds.

    MIL OSI China News –

  • MIL-OSI China: Colombia announces tit-for-tat tariffs on US goods following Trump threat

    Source: China State Council Information Office

    Colombian President Gustavo Petro on Sunday announced 25-percent tariffs on all goods from the United States in a tit-for-tat measure after U.S. President Donald Trump imposed tariffs on Colombia.

    Trump said he would impose 25 percent tariffs and various sanctions on Colombia after the South American country refused to allow the landing of two military aircraft carrying deported immigrants.

    “I order the Minister of Foreign Trade to raise tariffs on imports from the United States by 25 percent,” Petro posted on social media platform X. The president also said the government will assist in replacing those U.S. products with Colombian products.

    He said in another message that he would never allow Colombian immigrants to be transported in military aircraft handcuffed as if they were criminals.

    MIL OSI China News –