Category: Balkans

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Written question – Erosion of the rule of law in Slovenia – E-000735/2025

    Source: European Parliament

    Question for written answer  E-000735/2025
    to the Commission
    Rule 144
    Matej Tonin (PPE)

    Recent developments threatening democratic governance and institutional independence have raised alarms regarding the erosion of the rule of law in Slovenia:

    First, budget cuts to independent institutions: the Slovenian Government has imposed unjustified budget reductions on independent institutions, compromising their operational capabilities and political impartiality.

    Second, illegal surveillance of a state prosecutor: reports indicate the unauthorised surveillance of a state prosecutor by Slovenian police without a judicial warrant, violating fundamental rights and legal protections with regard to judicial independence.

    Third, unlawful changes to parliamentary procedures: the Government has altered parliamentary rules in contravention of standing orders, effectively removing essential procedural safeguards and diminishing the opposition’s ability to scrutinise legislation.

    Given these concerns, I ask the Commission:

    • 1.How does it assess these actions concerning the rule of law in Slovenia?
    • 2.Will the Commission take specific measures, such as monitoring or infringement procedures?
    • 3.Is there a possibility of sending a fact-finding mission to Slovenia to evaluate the situation?

    Submitted: 18.2.2025

    Last updated: 25 February 2025

    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI Europe: New Supervision Rulebook to Enhance Support for Social Welfare Workers in Sarajevo Canton

    Source: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe – OSCE

    Headline: New Supervision Rulebook to Enhance Support for Social Welfare Workers in Sarajevo Canton

    Presentation of the Rulebook on Supervision in Social Welfare Institutions in Sarajevo Canton for directors and professionals in these institutions held in Sarajevo. (OSCE) Photo details

    To improve working conditions for social welfare professionals, the Ministry of Labour, Social Policy, Displaced Persons, and Refugees of Sarajevo Canton, in co-operation with the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mission), organized a presentation of the Rulebook on Supervision in Social Welfare Institutions in Sarajevo Canton for directors and professionals in these institutions.
    Maria Caterina Ghobert, Human Rights Advisor at the Mission, emphasized the importance of the Rulebook: “This Rulebook introduces systemic support for social welfare professionals, fostering teamwork, reducing burnout risks, and helping them navigate workplace challenges. As social welfare professionals provide critical support to those in need, it is essential that they alsoreceive the necessary support.”
    Supervision within social welfare institutions serves as an essential support mechanism for professionals, offering guidance, facilitating experience-sharing, and promoting continuous development. Rather than serving as a control measure, it enhances work quality, addresses challenges, and strengthens collaboration,
    “With the adoption of the new Rulebook on Supervision in Sarajevo Canton in 2024, the supervision process has been formally launched, enabling institutions to appoint supervisors based on their specific needs. This initiative reaffirms the Ministry’s commitment to strengthening the social welfare system by ensuring professionals with the necessary support, ultimately improving the quality of care for beneficiaries,” stated Minister Enda Pavić-Pečenkovic of the Ministry of Labour, Social Policy, Displaced Persons, and Refugees of Sarajevo Canton. “The Ministry will closely monitor the implementation of the Rulebook and the supervision process in the coming period.”

    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI China: China calls on Security Council to play constructive role in promoting peace talks on Ukraine

    Source: China State Council Information Office

    A Chinese envoy on Monday called on the UN Security Council to play a constructive role in forging consensus for peace and promoting peace talks, as the world marked the third anniversary of the full escalation of the Ukraine crisis.

    “At present, when the Ukraine issue is at a critical juncture for a negotiated settlement, we expect the international community to create a favorable atmosphere for promoting a political solution to the crisis,” Fu Cong, China’s permanent representative to the United Nations, told a UN Security Council meeting on Ukraine.

    China expects the United Nations and the Security Council to play a constructive role in forging consensus for peace among member states, and the actions of the council to further the call for peace by promoting peace talks, he said after voting on a draft resolution on Ukraine.

    “The ultimate resolution of any conflict lies at the negotiation table,” he said. “As we speak, the call for a negotiated settlement of the Ukraine issue is constantly on the rise, and the window for peace is opening.”

    Although the parties’ positions may not be aligned, dialogue is still better than confrontation, and talks are better than fights, the envoy said, adding that China supports all efforts dedicated to peace, and supports the U.S.-Russia agreement to start peace talks.

    “China expects all parties and stakeholders to participate in the peace talks at an appropriate time, so as to find a just and lasting solution that takes into account each other’s concerns and to reach a binding peace agreement acceptable to all parties concerned,” he said.

    Fu urged Europe to play its part for peace, to jointly address the root causes of the crisis, and to find a balanced, effective and sustainable security framework, so as to achieve long-term security and stability on the European continent.

    China stands ready to continue to play a constructive role in the political settlement of the crisis at the request of the parties concerned, taking into consideration the concerns of the international community, especially those of the Global South, he said.

    The Security Council on Monday adopted a U.S.-drafted resolution appealing for a swift end to the conflict and urging a lasting peace between Russia and Ukraine. The resolution received 10 votes in favor, none against, and five abstentions from France, Britain, Denmark, Greece and Slovenia.

    MIL OSI China News

  • MIL-OSI China: UNSC calls for swift end to Russia-Ukraine conflict

    Source: China State Council Information Office

    This photo taken on Aug. 15, 2024 shows a Ukrainian tank destroyed during Russian attacks in Toretsk. [Photo/Xinhua]

    The UN Security Council on Monday adopted a U.S.-drafted resolution appealing for a swift end to the conflict and urging a lasting peace between Russia and Ukraine, as the world marked the third anniversary since the full escalation of the crisis.

    The resolution received 10 votes in favor, none against, and five abstentions including France, Britain, Denmark, Greece and Slovenia.

    The document reiterates that the principal purpose of the United Nations, as expressed in the Charter of the United Nations, is to maintain international peace and security and peacefully settle disputes. The resolution implores a swift end to the conflict and mourns the loss of life in the war, without blaming Russia.

    Acting U.S. Ambassador to the UN Dorothy Shea told the council that this resolution is not a “peace deal,” but “a path to peace.”

    “It is high time for peace in Ukraine,” UN Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs Rosemary DiCarlo said during the Security Council meeting, while insisting that peace in Ukraine must be “just, sustainable and comprehensive.”

    Earlier in the day, the UN General Assembly rejected the U.S. draft and passed a resolution submitted by Ukraine and European allies, which backs Ukraine’s sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity and calls for a just, lasting and comprehensive peace in line with the UN Charter.

    Resolutions in the UN Security Council are binding under international law.

    MIL OSI China News

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: With 10 Votes in Favour, 5 Abstentions, Security Council Adopts Resolution 2774 (2025) Mourning Loss of Life, as Russian Federation’s Invasion of Ukraine Enters Fourth Year

    Source: United Nations MIL OSI b

    Members Implore Swift End to Conflict, Urge Lasting Peace between Two Nations

    As the Russian Federation’s invasion of Ukraine entered its fourth year, the Security Council today adopted a resolution mourning the tragic loss of life and reiterating that the principal purpose of the United Nations is to maintain international peace and security and peacefully settle disputes.

    Adopting resolution 2774 (2025) (to be issued as document S/RES/2774(2025)) by a vote of 10 in favour to none against, with 5 abstentions (Denmark, France, Greece, Slovenia, United Kingdom), the Council implored a swift end to the conflict and urged a lasting peace between Ukraine and the Russian Federation.

    Before the vote, the representative of the United States said that the Council stands on “the precipice of history with a solemn task — creating conditions to end the bloodiest war on the European continent” since the organ was created in June 1945.  Noting that her country’s draft text is “a symbolic, simple first step towards peace”, she added that it “is not a peace deal”.  Rather, it represents a path to peace, and she urged all Council members to join the United States in vanquishing the scourge of this war.

    Proposed Amendments Fail to Obtain Required Number of Votes

    However, the representative of the United Kingdom underscored:  “There can be no equivalence between Russia and Ukraine in how this Council refers to this war.”  Moscow chose to launch a war of aggression, and “the Council must be clear on this”, she stressed.  “We must also be clear that peace must respect the UN Charter and Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity within its internationally recognized borders,” she added, proposing several amendments to the text on behalf of the Council members who ultimately abstained from the vote on the text as a whole.

    France’s delegate noted such proposed amendments demonstrate “our resolute commitment — after three years of war — to a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine”.  However, he underscored that peace cannot be a synonym for capitulation of the aggressed State.  The amendments, he said, also aim to recall that there is an aggressor and an aggressed State, with the Russian Federation having attacked a sovereign State that posed no threat to it.

    The representative of the Russian Federation, for his part, said of today’s text:  “We consider it, overall, as a common-sense initiative.”  It reflects, he said, the desire of the new United States Administration to “really contribute”.  He also proposed several amendments, including inserting language regarding the need to “eradicate the root causes of the Ukrainian crisis”.  On the amendments proposed by the European Council members, he said they “replace the essence of the American text and make it into another anti-Russia ultimatum”.

    None of the five proposed amendments were adopted, either because they failed to obtain the required number of votes or because the Russian Federation cast its veto.

    United States’ Speaker Welcomes Adoption of First Resolution in Three Years on Ukraine Firmly Calling for End to Conflict 

    Following the adoption of the unamended text, the representative of the United States welcomed Council members’ support of the resolution, welcoming the first Council action taken in three years on Ukraine to firmly call for an end to the conflict.  “This resolution puts us on the path to peace,” she affirmed, and although it is a first step, it is a crucial one.  The Council must now use it to build a peaceful future for Ukraine, the Russian Federation and the international community.

    Other Council Members Support Text Overall Yet Raise Concerns

    The representative of France, however, said that, while his country is “fully committed to peace in Ukraine”, Paris calls for a comprehensive, just and lasting peace — “certainly not for capitulation of the victim”.  “There will be no peace and security if aggressors are rewarded and the law of the jungle wins,” he stressed.  Similarly, the representative of the United Kingdom stressed that the terms of peace must send the message that aggression does not pay.  No peace will be sustainable without Ukraine’s consent, she said, voicing regret that her delegation’s proposals making these points clear were not taken on board.

    “There is nobody who wants peace more than Ukrainians and Europeans,” stressed Slovenia’s representative.  However, he observed:  “A person convinced against their will is against you still — there will be peace, but it will be just and it needs to last.”  Building on that, Denmark’s representative stressed that peace must be on the right terms, voicing regret that today’s resolution falls far short of that vision.  “We need to reaffirm our commitment to Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity,” she stated.

    For his part, the representative of the Republic of Korea — noting that Moscow’s war of aggression has “tragically claimed countless innocent lives” — expressed hope that today’s adoption will provide an opportunity “for all relevant parties to accelerate efforts to achieve just and sustainable peace”.  And while Guyana’s representative said that the text is an important step towards a peaceful end to the war, she said that there would have been added value in affirming support for the UN Charter – particularly States’ obligation to refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State.

    Pakistan’s representative — noting that the “priority of peace has remained largely absent and elusive”, even as the security, humanitarian and economic crises have intensified — said:  “A different approach was perhaps required.”  He therefore expressed hope that today’s resolution will “lend impetus to an inclusive peace process that yields a durable solution in accordance with international law”.

    Panama’s representative also voiced support for the resolution, as it is not objectionable due to its simplistic content.  However, “its silence speaks more eloquently than its words”, he observed, adding that his country understands the aftermath of violations of sovereignty and territorial integrity.  “And for our own historic reasons, we have always rejected the aggression of one State against another,” he said.

    Recalling his delegation’s repeated calls for the parties to engage in negotiations to reach a just and permanent peace in the region, the representative of Algeria said that “our call was the only criteria that Algeria used to determine its position today through our vote”.  Similarly, the representative of China, Council President for February, spoke in his national capacity to recall his country’s “consistent principles and propositions on the Ukraine issue”.  He added: “The ultimate solution for any conflict lies at the peace table.”

    Russian Federation Welcomes Changes in United States Position

    Meanwhile, the representative of the Russian Federation welcomed changes in the United States’ position on the Ukrainian conflict.  “It is clear that the militarizing Europe today is the only player internationally which wants the war to continue,” he stated.  And while today’s text is not ideal, it is a first attempt to have a constructive and future-oriented product by the Council.  The key outline of a restored European and international security “can already be seen in the American text and this gives us a certain optimism”, he stated.

    At the outset of the meeting, the representative of France proposed that today’s vote be postponed, expressing concern that the text was introduced “without real negotiations among Council members”.  While the representative of the United Kingdom expressed strong support for that proposal, the representative of the United States opposed it.  Ultimately, that proposal was rejected for failing to obtain a sufficient number of votes.

    MIL OSI United Nations News

  • MIL-OSI Europe: EIB Global channelled €693 million to the countries of the Western Balkans in 2024

    Source: European Investment Bank

    • EIB Global invested €527 million in loans for new projects, mobilising nearly €3.1 billion in new investment, supported by €166 million in grants
    • New projects will accelerate the green transition and promote the competitiveness of economies.
    • The Bank continued its support for energy efficiency and renewable energy projects, reaching a record €213 million in signed agreements in 2024

    In 2024, the European Investment Bank Group (EIB Global) financing for new projects reached €693 million in loans and grants for the countries of the Western Balkans for energy security, sustainable transport, climate action, digital and human capital development. Out of these funds, €527 million have been signed in loans, €164 million in EU grants under the Western Balkans Investment Framework (WBIF) and €2 million in grants under the EIB’s Economic Resilience Initiative. The largest share of new signatures was allocated to sustainable transport (43%), clean energy projects (31%, a record) and the private sector (20%).

    “We are fully committed to supporting all countries in the region on their path to EU integration” remarked EIB Vice-President Robert de Groot. “Achieving higher convergence requires significant reforms and investments, which is why combined financial and technical support under the Team Europe umbrella provides a coherent, continuous and extensive support. The latest Growth Plan exemplifies initiatives that can accelerate market integration, economic growth, and EU accession ambitions.”

    Supporting energy projects

    In the energy sector, the Bank provided €213 million in loans for projects such as the rehabilitation of several large hydropower plants and the installation of advanced electricity meters in Serbia, as well as the construction of one of the largest solar photovoltaic plant near Pristina in Kosovo. The plant will address the energy needs of over 29 000 households and cut 174 000 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions annually.

    “As the EU Climate Bank, we have intensified our efforts to promote a green transition in each and every country and are steadfast in our commitment to support the decarbonisation of regional economies to ensure energy security and reduce environmental pollution,” said Vice-President De Groot.

    The bank also made available  the Greening Financial Systems (GFS) advisory programme in North Macedonia and Albania to enhance national and local banks’ climate risk management practices and stimulate green investments among companies. Several EIB-financed projects benefited from technical assistance under the WBIF and the Joint Assistance to Support Projects in European Regions (JASPERS) advisory program. Since the signing of its third mandate in autumn 2023, JASPERS experts have been working on 32 advisory assignments across the Western Balkans, covering transport, water, energy, urban, and digital sectors.

    Advancing sustainable connectivity

    In 2024, EIB Global continued to support the transport sector with €295 million in new financing, for projects such as the rehabilitation of railway sections in Albania and Montenegro. These infrastructure improvements along the extended Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) will increase railway capacity, efficiency, and safety, promoting a shift from road to sustainable mobility and generally improve regional connectivity. The bank signed a €79 million EU grant for the construction of the section on the Corridor Vc in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

    Driving job creation and climate action among regional companies

    The bank invested €151 million to support the expansion of, and investments in innovation and clean energy projects among local companies, creating employment and economic growth in the region. Thanks to the first impact-based credit line, small businesses in the region have created new jobs, training and career development opportunities for people from vulnerable groups. In addition, under the EU’s “WB EDIF Guarantee Facility for SME Resilience”, the European Investment Fund, part of the EIB Group, provided guarantees to local banks, which are expected to unlock over €750 million worth of loans to some 13 000 small businesses, sustaining around 180 000 jobs.

    Background information

    About the EIB

    The European Investment Bank is the long-term lending institution of the European Union, owned by its Member States. It finances investments that contribute to EU policy objectives. EIB projects bolster competitiveness, drive innovation, promote sustainable development, enhance social and territorial cohesion, and support a just and swift transition to climate neutrality.  

    The EIB is one of the leading international financiers in the Western Balkans. For detailed information on the EIB’s activities in this region, visit www.eib.org/en/publications/the-eib-in-the-western-balkans.

    About the EIF

    The European Investment Fund (EIF) is part of the European Investment Bank Group. Its central mission is to support Europe’s micro, small and medium-sized businesses by helping them to access finance. The EIF designs and develops venture and growth capital, guarantees and microfinance instruments that specifically target this market segment. In this role, the EIF fosters EU objectives in support of innovation, research and development, entrepreneurship, growth and employment.

    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Written question – Commission’s opinion on the clear abuses of the judiciary for settling political scores with the current opposition in Slovenia – P-000655/2025

    Source: European Parliament

    Priority question for written answer  P-000655/2025/rev.1
    to the Commission
    Rule 144
    Branko Grims (PPE)

    Again and again we have seen obviously politically motivated proceedings being launched against Janez Janša in the run-up to elections. Then after the elections the proceedings are halted, only to be revived when the next elections are approaching. This has been going on for two decades, so it is obvious that this abuse is politically motivated.

    In the Kafkaesque Patria case, which went on for a decade, Janez Janša was tried for having ‘somewhere’, ‘at some time’ made an ‘unknown promise’ and on the basis of that absurd construct was imprisoned ahead of an election. After the election, Slovenia’s Constitutional Court quashed the ruling.

    Now he is on trial in what is referred to as the ‘Trenta’ case. Some thirty years ago, Mr Janša bought a plot with a house in the Trenta valley. It was in the national park, where new building is not permitted. But replacement construction is permitted so these properties change hands at higher prices. In 2005 he sold the property for a higher price. The prosecution argues that the acquisition of the property by the management of a private company was ‘financially detrimental’, even though many properties in tourist areas and in Ljubljana were bought and sold for a substantially bigger price difference in a comparable period.

    What is the Commission’s opinion on this clear abuse of the judiciary to politically discredit the opposition in Slovenia?

    Submitted: 12.2.2025

    Last updated: 24 February 2025

    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: Human Rights Council Opens Fifty-Eighth Regular Session and Holds Minute of Silence for Victims of Human Rights Violations

    Source: United Nations – Geneva

    The Human Rights Council this morning opened its fifty-eighth regular session, hearing statements from the President of the General Assembly, the United Nations Secretary-General, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, and the Head of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland.  The President of the Council called for a minute of silence for victims of human rights violations around the world. 

    Jürg Lauber, President of the United Nations Human Rights Council, declared the fifty-eighth session of the Human Rights Council open, saying they were gathered at a time of profound global challenges and an alarming backlash against human rights around the world.  The Council’s responsibility was to make a tangible impact on people’s lives.  Victims of human rights violations needed to be at the centre of discussions.  The international community needed to rise to the challenge and reaffirm that human rights were not optional; they were essential for peace, security and development. 

    Philemon Yang, President of the General Assembly, said the three pillars of the United Nations were deeply interwoven.  Upholding human rights was fundamental to achieving lasting peace and security, and constituted a sound basis for the realisation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.  The world faced serious global challenges and was witnessing a sharp decline in human rights, with growing violations and often brazen disregard for international humanitarian law.  The human suffering and destruction of civilian infrastructure in Gaza, Ukraine, Sudan, Haiti and the Democratic Republic of the Congo were intolerable; these injustices must end.  Mr. Yang said protecting human rights and dignity was a cornerstone of his role as President of the General Assembly. 

    António Guterres, United Nations Secretary-General, said the session was beginning under the weight of a grim milestone: the third anniversary of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, in violation of the United Nations Charter.  Human rights were the oxygen of humanity.  But one by one, human rights were being suffocated: by autocrats; by a patriarchy that kept girls out of school, and women from basic rights; by wars and violence; by warmongers who disregarded international law and the United Nations Charter; by the climate crisis; by a morally bankrupt global financial system; by runaway technologies like artificial intelligence; by growing intolerance against entire groups; and by voices of division and anger.  This represented a direct threat to all the hard-won mechanisms and systems established over the last 80 years to protect and advance human rights. 

    Volker Türk, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, said the international system was going through a tectonic shift, and the human rights edifice built up over decades had never been under so much strain.  Last year, the Office contributed to the release of some 3,145 arbitrarily detained people and took part in some 11,000 human rights monitoring missions.  It also observed nearly 1,000 trials, and documented some 15,000 situations of human rights violations around the world.  Mr. Türk said upholding human rights made eminent sense for stability, for prosperity, for a better common future, and was a winning proposition for humanity. 

    Ignazio Cassis, Head of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland, said today, he had mixed feelings.  He was proud because Switzerland had been elected to the Human Rights Council and because Ambassador Lauber had been elected as the Council’s President, the first appointment of a Swiss President to the Council.  However, Mr. Cassis said, he was also deeply concerned as they lived in a time of global uncertainty, influenced by the climate crisis and global authoritarianism; a large portion of the global population lived under authoritarian rule. In this context, the Council had a duty to act. 

    The webcast of the Human Rights Council meetings can be found here.  All meeting summaries can be found here.  Documents and reports related to the Human Rights Council’s fifty-eighth regular session can be found here.

    The fifty-eighth session of the Council is being held from 24 February to 4 April.  At 10 a.m., the Council started its high-level segment.

    Opening Remarks by the President of the Council

    JÜRG LAUBER, President of the United Nations Human Rights Council, declared the fifty-eighth session of the Human Rights Council open.  They were gathered at a time of profound global challenges and an alarming backlash against human rights around the world.  All needed to reflect on whether they were doing enough to protect the most vulnerable.  When human rights weakened, conflicts escalated, and societies fractured. Today, they were seeing this play out in real time with the escalation of violations and the shrinking of human rights protections.  This required an urgent response.  The Council’s responsibility was to make a tangible impact on people’s lives. Victims of human rights violations needed to be at the centre of discussions.  Their dignity needed to be everyone’s priority, Mr. Lauber said.

    Mr. Lauber said all needed to rise to the challenge and reaffirm that human rights were not optional; they were essential for peace, security and development. They needed to engage in earnest discussions and ensure that their words translated into actions, he concluded.

    At the request of the President, the Council held a minute’s silence in memory of victims of human rights violations around the world.

    Statements by Keynote Speakers

    PHILEMON YANG, President of the General Assembly, congratulated the President of the Council and the Bureau on their election. The three pillars of the United Nations were deeply interwoven.  Upholding human rights was fundamental to achieving lasting peace and security, and constituted a sound basis for the realisation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.  The world faced serious global challenges and was witnessing a sharp decline in human rights, with growing violations and often brazen disregard for international humanitarian law.  Those violations had devastating consequences: more than 300 million people now required humanitarian assistance.  In every conflict, the victims were often women, children and minorities who bore the heaviest burden.  The human suffering and destruction of civilian infrastructure in Gaza, Ukraine, Sudan, Haiti and the Democratic Republic of Congo were intolerable; these injustices must end.  Even war had rules.  Civilians must never be targets. 

    The recent special session and the establishment of an independent fact-finding mission to investigate and document violations in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo were good symbols.  The Council had demonstrated its availability to act swiftly and uphold accountability.  The recent ceasefire and hostage release deal in Gaza offered a glimmer of hope.  Just and lasting peace in the Middle East depended on the two State solution, which would allow Israel and Palestine to exist in peace and stability.  Dialogue was a powerful weapon which needed to be used for peace everywhere.  With the eightieth anniversary of the United Nations approaching, calls for global peace needed to be more resolute, harnessing the powerful symbolism of this milestone year.

    Last September, world leaders unanimously adopted the Pact for the Future, along with the Global Digital Compact and the Declaration for Future Generations.  The Pact charted a course toward a more just, equitable, and sustainable world, and reaffirmed international law, including the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international humanitarian law.  The challenge now was implementation which required full global mobilisation, with robust engagement from governments, United Nations agencies, and civil society.   Organizations in Geneva would play a critical role in this process.

    Mr. Yang said protecting human rights and dignity was a cornerstone of his role as President of the General Assembly.  Last month, he convened a signature event on preserving dignity in armed conflict.  He was encouraged by the strong political will of Member States to uphold and reinforce their commitment to international humanitarian law.  Advocacy would be continued to eliminate child labour in all forms, including in armed conflict, and a discussion on child labour would be held in this regard. 

    Additionally, in the coming months, a high-level meeting would be convened to consider the recommendations of the working group on aging, to ensure older persons had full enjoyment of their human rights.  The spirit that guided the decision of Member States last December to declare a second International Decade for People of African Descent would be upheld.  Mr. Yang said he would convene the annual commemorative meetings for the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and the International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade.

    Mr. Yang said he had joined the gender champions network, pledging to promote gender equality and empowerment and implementing a gender perspective throughout the work of the General Assembly.  He had re-established the Advisory Board on Gender Equality to focus on women’s economic empowerment and was happy that the Human Rights Council had followed this good practice.  Additionally, co-facilitators had been appointed to lead consultations in preparation for a high-level meeting, which would commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women and the landmark Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action—Beijing+30.

    This year marked the thirtieth anniversary of the World Programme for Youth, underscoring the critical role of young people in driving sustainable development.  A discussion would be held in May on how digitalisation could enhance the Sustainable Development Goals.  Throughout these engagements, Mr. Yang said he would outline the importance of civil society’s work in enhancing human rights.  The annual high-level debate on crime prevention would be held, which would mark the ten-year anniversary of the Nelson Mandela Rules.  This year, the Nelson Mandela prize would also be awarded to two individuals who had dedicated their lives to serving humanity.  States and relevant stakeholders were invited to submit their nominations this month. 

    These topics aimed to promote human rights and preserve human dignity for all everywhere.  Strengthening cooperation between the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council had never been more urgent.  The shared goal of the two mechanisms was upholding human rights and dignity, for everyone, everywhere. 

    ANTÓNIO GUTERRES, United Nations Secretary-General, said the session was beginning under the weight of a grim milestone: the third anniversary of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, in violation of the United Nations Charter.  More than 12,600 civilians had been killed, with many more injured.  Entire communities had been reduced to rubble, hospitals and schools destroyed.  All needed to spare no effort to bring an end to this conflict and achieve a just and lasting peace in line with the United Nations Charter, international law and General Assembly resolutions.  Conflicts like the war in Ukraine exacted a heavy toll on people; on fundamental principles like territorial integrity, sovereignty and the rule of law; and on the vital business of this Council.  Without respect for human rights — civil, cultural, economic, political and social — sustainable peace was a pipedream.

    Like the Council, human rights shone a light in the darkest places. Through its work, and the work of the High Commissioner’s Office around the world, the Council was supporting brave human rights defenders risking persecution, detention and even death.  It was working with governments, civil society and others to strengthen action on human rights.  And it was supporting investigations and accountability.  Five years ago, the United Nations launched its Call to Action for Human Rights, embedding human rights across the work of the United Nations around the world in close cooperation with partners.  Mr. Guterres said he would continue supporting this important work, and the High Commissioner’s Office, as the United Nations fought for human rights everywhere.

    Mr. Guterres said that human rights were the oxygen of humanity.  But one by one, human rights were being suffocated — by autocrats, crushing opposition because they feared what a truly empowered people would do; by a patriarchy that kept girls out of school, and women at arm’s length from basic rights; by wars and violence that stripped populations of their right to food, water and education; and by warmongers who thumbed their nose at international law, international humanitarian law and the United Nations Charter.

    Human rights were being suffocated by the climate crisis; by a morally bankrupt global financial system that too often obstructed the path to greater equality and sustainable development; by runaway technologies like artificial intelligence that held great promise, but also the ability to violate human rights at the touch of a button; by growing intolerance against entire groups — from indigenous peoples, to migrants and refugees, to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex plus community, to persons with disabilities; and by voices of division and anger who viewed human rights not as a boon to humanity, but as a barrier to the power, profit and control they sought.  In short, human rights were on the ropes and being pummelled hard.  This represented a direct threat to all the hard-won mechanisms and systems established over the last 80 years to protect and advance human rights.

    But as the recently adopted Pact for the Future reminded all, human rights were, in fact, a source of solutions.  The Pact provided a playbook on how the world could win the fight for human rights on several fronts.

    First, human rights through peace and peace through human rights. Conflicts inflicted human rights violations on a massive scale.  In the Occupied Palestinian Territory, violations of human rights had skyrocketed since the horrific Hamas attacks of October 7 and the intolerable levels of death and destruction in Gaza.  Mr. Guterres expressed grave concern about the rising violence in the occupied West Bank by Israeli settlers and other violations, as well as calls for annexation. The world was witnessing a precarious ceasefire.  The world needed to avoid at all costs a resumption of hostilities.  The people in Gaza had already suffered too much.  It was time for a permanent ceasefire, the dignified release of all remaining hostages, irreversible progress towards a two-State solution, an end to the occupation, and the establishment of an independent Palestinian State, with Gaza as an integral part.

    In Sudan, bloodshed, displacement and famine were engulfing the country. The warring parties needed to take immediate action to protect civilians, uphold human rights, cease hostilities and forge peace.  Domestic and international human rights monitoring and investigation mechanisms needed to be permitted to document what was happening on the ground.

    In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the world was seeing a deadly whirlwind of violence and horrifying human rights abuses, amplified by the recent M23 offensive, supported by the Rwandan Defence Forces.  As more cities fell, the risk of a regional war rose.  It was time to silence the guns, time for diplomacy and dialogue.  The recent joint summit in Tanzania offered a way forward with a renewed call for an immediate ceasefire.  The sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo needed to be respected.  The Congolese people deserved peace.

    Mr. Guterres called for a renewed regional dialogue in the Sahel to protect citizens from terrorism and systemic violations of human rights, and to create the conditions for sustainable development.

    In Myanmar, the situation had grown far worse in the four years since the military seized power and arbitrarily detained members of the democratically elected government.  The world needed greater cooperation to bring an end to the hostilities and forge a path towards an inclusive democratic transition and a return to civilian rule, allowing for the safe return of the Rohingya refugees.

    In Haiti, the world was seeing massive human rights violations, including more than a million people displaced, and children facing a horrific increase in sexual violence and recruitment into gangs.  Mr. Guterres said that in the coming days, he would put forward proposals to the United Nations Security Council for greater stability and security for the people of Haiti, namely through an effective United Nations assistance mechanism to support the Multilateral Security Support Mission, the national police and Haitian authorities.  A durable solution required a political process led and owned by the Haitian people that restored democratic institutions through elections. 

    The Pact for the Future called for peace processes and approaches rooted in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international law and the United Nations Charter.  It proposed specific actions to prioritise conflict prevention, mediation, resolution and peacebuilding.  It also included a commitment to tackle the root causes of conflict, which were so often enmeshed in denials of basic human needs and rights.

    Second, the Pact for the Future advanced human rights through development. The Sustainable Development Goals and human rights were fundamentally intertwined.  They represented real human needs: health, food, water, education, decent work and social protection.  With less than one-fifth of the Goals on track, the Pact called for a massive acceleration through a Sustainable Development Goal Stimulus, reforming the global financial architecture, and taking meaningful action for countries drowning in debt.  This needed to include focused action to conquer the most widespread human rights abuse in history: inequality for women and girls.  The Pact called for investing in battling all forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls, and ensuring their meaningful participation and leadership across all walks of life.

    Along with the Declaration on Future Generations, the Pact also called for supporting the rights and futures of young people through decent work, removing barriers for youth participation, and enhancing training.  The Global Digital Compact called on nations to champion young innovators, nurture entrepreneurial spirit, and equip the next generation with digital literacy and skills.

    Third, the Pact for the Future recognised that the rule of law and human rights went hand-in-hand.  The rule of law, when founded on human rights, was an essential pillar of protection. It shielded the most vulnerable. It was the first line of defence against crime and corruption.  It supported fair, just and inclusive economies and societies.  It held perpetrators of human rights atrocities to account.  It enabled civic space for people to make their voices heard, and for journalists to carry out their essential work, free from interference or threats.  It also reaffirmed the world’s commitment to equal access to justice, good governance, and transparent and accountable institutions.

    Fourth, the world needed to achieve human rights through climate action. Last year was the hottest on record, capping the hottest decade on record.  Rising heat, melting glaciers and hotter oceans were a recipe for disaster. Floods, droughts, deadly storms, hunger, mass displacement — the war on nature was also a war on human rights.  The world needed to choose a different path. Mr. Guterres said he saluted the many Member States who legally recognised the right to a healthy environment, and he called on all countries to do the same. 

    Governments needed to keep their promise to produce new, economy-wide national climate action plans this year, well ahead of the thirtieth Conference of the Parties in Brazil.  Those plans needed to limit the rise in global temperature to 1.5 degrees, including by accelerating the global energy transition.  The world also needed a surge in finance for climate action in developing countries, to adapt to global heating, slash emissions and accelerate the renewables revolution, which represented a massive economic opportunity. They needed to stand up to the misleading campaign of many in the fossil fuel industry and its enablers, who were aiding and abetting this madness, while also protecting and defending those on the front lines of climate justice.

    Fifth, the Pact promoted human rights through stronger, better governance of technology.  Mr. Guterres expressed deep concern about human rights being undermined as fast-moving technologies expanded into every aspect of everyone’s lives.  At its best, social media was a meeting ground for people to exchange ideas and spark respectful debate.  But it could also be an arena of fiery combat and blatant ignorance; a place where the poisons of misinformation, disinformation, racism, misogyny and hate speech were not only tolerated, but often encouraged.  Verbal violence online could easily spill into physical violence in real life.  Recent rollbacks on fact-checking and content moderation online were re-opening the floodgates to more hate, more threats, and more violence.  These rollbacks would lead to less free speech, not more, as people became increasingly fearful to engage on these platforms.  Meanwhile, the great promise of artificial intelligence was matched by limitless peril to undermine human autonomy, human identity, human control and human rights.

    In the face of these threats, the Global Digital Compact brought the world together to ensure that human rights were not sacrificed on the altar of technology. This included working with digital companies and policymakers to extend human rights to every corner of cyberspace, including a new focus on information integrity across digital platforms. Mr. Guterres said the Global Principles for Information Integrity that he launched last year would support and inform this work as all pushed for a more humane information ecosystem.

    The Global Digital Compact also included the first universal agreement on the governance of artificial intelligence that brought every country to the table and set commitments on capacity building, so all countries and people benefited from artificial intelligence’s potential — by investing in affordable internet, digital literacy, and infrastructure; by helping developing countries use artificial intelligence to grow small businesses, improve public services, and connect communities to new markets; and by placing human rights at the centre of artificial intelligence-driven systems. The Pact’s decisions to create an Independent International Scientific Panel on Artificial Intelligence and an ongoing global dialogue that ensured all countries had a voice in shaping its future were important steps forward.  All needed to implement them, Mr. Guterres said.

    Mr. Guterres said all could help end the suffocation of human rights by breathing life into the Pact for the Future and the work of this Council.  He called for the Council’s cooperation, saying that there was no time to lose.

    VOLKER TÜRK, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, said the international system was going through a tectonic shift, and the human rights edifice built up over decades had never been under so much strain. Today marked the third anniversary of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine.  Any sustainable peace must be anchored in the rights, needs and aspirations of the Ukrainian people, in accountability, and in the principles of the United Nations Charter and international law.  In Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory, where the suffering had been unbearable, Mr. Türk repeated his call for an independent investigation into grave violations of international law, committed by Israel in its attacks across Gaza, and by Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups. Any sustainable solution must be based on accountability, justice, the right to self-determination, and the human rights and dignity of both Israelis and Palestinians.  Any suggestion of forcing people from their land was completely unacceptable. 

    Beyond Ukraine and Gaza, conflicts and crises were tearing communities and societies apart, from Sudan to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Myanmar and Afghanistan.  Social tensions were rising; the richest one per cent controlled more wealth than most of humanity; and the climate crisis was a human rights catastrophe.  Digital technologies were widely misused to suppress, limit and violate rights, with artificial intelligence bringing new speed and scale.  This was the backdrop against which the Office and the broader human rights ecosystem, including the Council, were working to safeguard and promote the rights of everyone, everywhere. 

    Last year, the Office contributed to the release of some 3,145 arbitrarily detained people and took part in some 11,000 human rights monitoring missions; observed nearly 1,000 trials, and documented some 15,000 situations of human rights violations around the world.  In addition to daily interventions with governments, the team issued about 245 statements, shining a light on human rights concerns in some 130 countries.  Teams on the ground contributed to human rights-based approaches to sustainable development, taxation and public spending, from Cambodia to Jordan and Serbia. Mr. Türk called on the international community to ensure the Office, national human rights institutions, and human rights non-governmental organizations could continue their essential work. 

    Since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, despite setbacks, there had been steady progress, but today this could no longer be taken for granted.  The global consensus on human rights was crumbling under the weight of authoritarians, strongmen and oligarchs, with autocrats now controlling around one-third of the world’s economy, more than double the proportion 30 years ago. 

    Everywhere, there were attempts to ignore, undermine, and redefine human rights, to chip away at gender equality and the rights of migrants, refugees, people with disabilities, and other minorities. 

    There needed to be an all-out effort by everyone, to make sure that human rights and the rule of law remained foundational to communities, societies and international relations.  Otherwise, the picture was very dangerous.  In previous centuries, the unrestrained use of force by the powerful, indiscriminate attacks on civilians, population transfers, and child labour were commonplace.  Dictators could order atrocity crimes consigning vast numbers of people to their deaths.  This could happen again.  But the world was far from powerless to prevent it.  The tools were the United Nations Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the body of international law; and the institutions that worked to implement them.

    Today, there needed to be an alternative vision, rooted in facts, the law and compassion.  Human rights were about facts.  That was why the Office was monitoring, documenting, and reporting on violations and abuses in war zones and crises around the world, including Ukraine, the Occupied Palestinian Territory, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Myanmar, Sudan, Syria, Afghanistan and Haiti.  Facts on their own could and must prompt action, which was why the work of the Council, and the other human rights mechanisms, was so important.  International legal frameworks and institutions, including the International Criminal Court, were fundamental to ensuring justice and achieving accountability, preventing future violations, and making the world safer for everyone. It was also important to have strong institutions at the national level to protect vulnerable people.

    Finally, human rights were nothing without compassion, going beyond thought leadership, to heart leadership.  Human rights had been central to movements for equality and justice throughout history and had the universal power to move people to action. In countries where human rights were not widely respected, people would risk their lives to defend them.  Mr. Türk paid tribute to brave human rights activists everywhere.  Upholding human rights made eminent sense for stability, for prosperity, for a better common future, and was a winning proposition for humanity. 

    IGNACIO CASSIS, Chief of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland, said today, he had mixed feelings — a sense of pride and deep worry.  He said he was proud because Switzerland had been elected to the Human Rights Council and because Ambassador Lauber had been elected as the Council’s President, the first appointment of a Swiss President to the Council.

    However, Mr. Cassis said, he was also deeply concerned as they lived in a time of global uncertainty, influenced by the climate crisis and global authoritarianism — a large portion of the global population lived under authoritarian rule.  In this context, the Council had a duty to act.

    Last year was marked by major elections.  More than four billion citizens, half of the world’s population, went to the ballot box.  This was a test for global democracy, and the result of these elections was deep unease. Young people were becoming more radical and social networks were exposing all to unfiltered hatred. Globalisation had reduced poverty but had led to deindustrialisation.  Identity claims had taken on a scale that was destabilising societies.  Social networks and the climate crisis were fuelling a sense of chaos and distrust in governments.

    Human rights were a fundamental bedrock on which all could stabilise societies. Rights to free and transparent elections, the right to work and the right to a sustainable environment were all very important, but the challenges to these and all rights were growing. Today, the world marked the third anniversary of the war in Ukraine.  There was also conflict in the Middle East, instability in southern Africa and war in sub-Saharan Africa.  It was more necessary than ever before to focus efforts on fundamental rights, including the right to education, ownership and the total prohibition of torture and slavery.  The Human Rights Council needed to act in a united manner and with determination. Concerted action was needed to guarantee peace and stability.  This was something the Swiss Presidency could achieve.

    Human rights were not a luxury but a necessity.  Switzerland was concerned by the decisions of some Member States to withdraw from the Council.  Every member of the United Nations needed to shoulder their responsibilities toward human rights.  Mr. Cassis expressed his full support for Ambassador Lauber, whose experience inside and outside the United Nations system would serve him well.

    Switzerland would also endeavour to uphold international humanitarian law and human rights as pillars of peace and security, as a member of the United Nations Security Council.  The state of the world was a reminder that Switzerland’s mission was far from complete. Mr. Cassis closed by wishing the Council fruitful discussions.

    __________

    Produced by the United Nations Information Service in Geneva for use of the media; 
    not an official record. English and French versions of our releases are different as they are the product of two separate coverage teams that work independently.

     

    HRC25.004E

    MIL OSI United Nations News

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Last month in the field – January

    Source: Frontex

    As migration patterns shift and security challenges evolve, Frontex remains at the forefront of Europe’s border management efforts. January 2024 saw significant progress in multiple areas, from life-saving operations in the Central Mediterranean to a sharp decline in illegal border crossings in the Western Balkans. Additionally, the Agency welcomed closer cooperation with Albania, reported key migration trends, and hosted EU Commissioner Magnus Brunner for discussions on future challenges. Here’s a look at key developments from the past month.

    In January, a Swedish patrol boat participating in a Frontex operation in Italy played a critical role in a life-saving mission. The vessel intercepted a fiberglass boat packed with 58 migrants, none of whom had life jackets, putting them in immediate danger. With air support from a Frontex plane, all individuals on board were safely rescued. In addition to operational efforts, Frontex continues to support Italian authorities in identifying and dismantling smuggling networks responsible for these perilous journeys.

    Frontex’s collaboration with EU partners and neighbouring countries is yielding positive results. In the Western Balkans, illegal border crossings dropped by 78% in 2024 compared to the previous year. This significant decline underscores the effectiveness of joint efforts between the EU and its neighbours in addressing migration challenges.

    Albania remains a key partner in these efforts. A new phase of cooperation has begun with the deployment of Frontex officers in Joint Operation 2025 in Albania. They were warmly welcomed by the Albanian State Police and Regional Border and Migration Police in Gjirokastra. This partnership strengthens border security and enhances regional stability.

    Frontex data for 2024 shows a 38% decrease in irregular border crossings compared to 2023, marking the lowest level since 2021. However, challenges remain:

    • Western Africa: A notable 18% increase in arrivals, reaching nearly 47,000—the highest number since Frontex began collecting data in 2009.
    • Western Balkans and Central Mediterranean: Both routes recorded sharp declines of 78% and 59%, respectively.
    • Demographics: Women accounted for 10% of all irregular crossings, with 62% entering through the Eastern Mediterranean. Minors made up 16%, up from 13% in 2023.

    Currently, 3,000 Frontex officers and staff are deployed in operations across Europe, ensuring the security of the EU’s external borders.

    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Appointment of Lord-Lieutenant for Stirling and Falkirk: 24 February 2025

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    Press release

    Appointment of Lord-Lieutenant for Stirling and Falkirk: 24 February 2025

    The King has been pleased to appoint Colonel Charles Wallace DL as His Lord-Lieutenant for Stirling and Falkirk.

    The King has been pleased to appoint Colonel Charles Wallace DL as His Lord-Lieutenant for Stirling and Falkirk, to succeed Alan Simpson CVO, OBE, FRSE following his retirement on 15th February 2025.

    Background

    Charles Wallace spent 35 years in the Army serving across the world from the Falkland Islands to Brunei and Hong Kong; and from India and Nepal to North America. He was on operational service in Northern Ireland, with the UN in the Former Yugoslavia (Bosnia, Serbia and Croatia), in Iraq and Afghanistan where, as the Chief Planner in Helmand Province, he was awarded the US Bronze Star.

    Charles was the Scottish Veterans Commissioner from September 2018 to March 2022. Deeply committed to addressing the challenges that individuals and their families face after military service, he sought innovative and novel approaches to highlight the impressive talent this group of people bring to our society.  He has been the Chairman of the Scottish Veterans Fund Panel and of the Highland and Lowland Brigades Club as well as the Vice Chairman (Army) for the Highland Reserve Forces and Cadets Association.  He remains a trustee on the Royal Company of Archers Charitable Trust.

    He is currently the Secretary to the King’s Body Guard for Scotland, the Royal Company of Archers.  As Secretary, he was instrumental in orchestrating over 390 Archers across 21 different duties during the period of Mourning and State Funeral for the late Queen Elizabeth II in Scotland and London in 2022 and for the Coronation of King Charles III in 2023.

    Updates to this page

    Published 24 February 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Written question – Removal of the ‘TITO’ inscription from Sabotin in Slovenia – E-000484/2025

    Source: European Parliament

    Question for written answer  E-000484/2025/rev.1
    to the Commission
    Rule 144
    Alessandro Ciriani (ECR), Carlo Fidanza (ECR), Nicola Procaccini (ECR), Sergio Berlato (ECR), Stefano Cavedagna (ECR), Carlo Ciccioli (ECR), Giovanni Crosetto (ECR), Elena Donazzan (ECR), Alberico Gambino (ECR), Chiara Gemma (ECR), Lara Magoni (ECR), Mario Mantovani (ECR), Michele Picaro (ECR), Daniele Polato (ECR), Ruggero Razza (ECR), Marco Squarta (ECR), Francesco Torselli (ECR), Mariateresa Vivaldini (ECR), Pietro Fiocchi (ECR), Francesco Ventola (ECR)

    For many decades, on the hill known as Sabotin in Slovenia, the word ‘TITO’ has been inscribed in huge letters clearly visible even from Italy. As well as being provocative towards Italy, the inscription is also a tribute to Josip Broz Tito, the Communist dictator responsible for brutal crimes against humanity, including the Foibe massacres and the persecution of thousands of Italians after the Second World War.

    The EU promotes respect for human dignity, reconciliation between peoples and the protection of historical memory and condemns all forms of celebration of totalitarian regimes guilty of crimes against humanity. The continuing presence of this inscription is therefore clearly an obstacle to these values since it is not just a historical reference but a monument celebrating a bloody regime, in contrast with the principles of democracy and respect for fundamental rights.

    In light of the above:

    • 1.Does the Commission consider the continuing presence of this symbol, which is divisive and offensive to the victims of Communism, to be compatible with the Union’s principles?
    • 2.Will it ask the Slovenian authorities to remove the inscription, out of respect for the memory of the Italian victims and for cooperation between Member States?

    Submitted: 4.2.2025

    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI: Societe Generale: Appointment within the Societe Generale Group

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    APPOINTMENT WITHIN THE SOCIETE GENERALE GROUP

    Press release

    Paris, 24 February 2025

    Societe Generale announces the appointment of Lubomira Rochet as Executive Vice President in charge of Retail Banking activities in France, Private Banking and Insurance, as well as the Group’s Chief Operating Office (technology, procurement and real estate). She will join the Bank in April 2025. Lubomira will also become a member of the Group Executive Committee.

    Lubomira Rochet’s mission will be to assist Slawomir Krupa, Chief Executive Officer of Societe Generale, in overseeing Retail Banking activities in France (both SG retail network and BoursoBank), Private Banking and Insurance, as well as the activities of the Group’s Chief Operating Office (including technology, procurement and real estate).

    Lubomira Rochet is an accomplished leader with proven expertise in business transformation, digital businesses and in all aspects of customer relations, particularly for retail activities. She has held high-level responsibilities in these areas on a global scale with a compelling track record. Her technical skills, extensive experience, strategic vision and leadership will be key assets in advancing the development and transformation of the Group and our retail activities in France. She will contribute to enhancing our performance in terms of customer experience and satisfaction, business growth and operational efficiency to support our teams on the ground.

    Slawomir Krupa, Chief Executive Officer, comments: “I am pleased to announce the appointment of Lubomira Rochet to the Group Executive Committee. She will assist me in overseeing Retail Banking activities in France and will also bring her extensive expertise to our projects for the further growth of our retail banking activities and the technological transformation of the Group. Her talent and creativity will further enhance the blend of different skills and wide-ranging experiences within the Group’s leadership team. I wish her every success in her new role.”

    Biography 
    Lubomira Rochet has held strategic positions throughout her career in the technology, digital, and retail sectors. From 2003 to 2007, she was responsible for strategy at Sogeti (Capgemini), before leading innovation and startups in France for Microsoft from 2008 to 2010. In 2010, she joined the digital marketing agency Valtech and became the Managing Director of this agency in 2012. From 2014 to 2021, she drove the digital transformation of L’Oréal as Chief Digital Officer and was a member of the Executive Committee. Since 2021, she has been a Partner at JAB Holding Company LLC. Lubomira also served as an independent Director on the Board of Directors of Societe Generale from 2017 to 2024. An economist by training, Lubomira Rochet is a graduate of the École Normale Supérieure de Paris-Saclay, Sciences Po Paris, and the College of Europe in Bruges.

    Press contact:  
    Jean-Baptiste Froville_+33 1 58 98 68 00_ jean-baptiste.froville@socgen.com

    Societe Generale

    Societe Generale is a top tier European Bank with more than 126,000 employees serving about 25 million clients in 65 countries across the world. We have been supporting the development of our economies for 160 years, providing our corporate, institutional, and individual clients with a wide array of value-added advisory and financial solutions. Our long-lasting and trusted relationships with the clients, our cutting-edge expertise, our unique innovation, our ESG capabilities and leading franchises are part of our DNA and serve our most essential objective – to deliver sustainable value creation for all our stakeholders.

    The Group runs three complementary sets of businesses, embedding ESG offerings for all its clients:

    • French Retail, Private Banking and Insurance, with leading retail bank SG and insurance franchise, premium private banking services, and the leading digital bank BoursoBank.
    • Global Banking and Investor Solutions, a top tier wholesale bank offering tailored-made solutions with distinctive global leadership in equity derivatives, structured finance and ESG.
    • Mobility, International Retail Banking and Financial Services, comprising well-established universal banks (in Czech Republic, Romania and several African countries), Ayvens (the new ALD I LeasePlan brand), a global player in sustainable mobility, as well as specialized financing activities.

    Committed to building together with its clients a better and sustainable future, Societe Generale aims to be a leading partner in the environmental transition and sustainability overall. The Group is included in the principal socially responsible investment indices: DJSI (Europe), FTSE4Good (Global and Europe), Bloomberg Gender-Equality Index, Refinitiv Diversity and Inclusion Index, Euronext Vigeo (Europe and Eurozone), STOXX Global ESG Leaders indexes, and the MSCI Low Carbon Leaders Index (World and Europe).

    For more information, you can follow us on Twitter/X @societegenerale or visit our website societegenerale.com.

    Attachment

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI China: US tariff policies threaten global economy, expert warns

    Source: China State Council Information Office

    Washington’s escalating protectionist policies, grounded in the “zero-sum” logic, risk destabilizing the global economic order and deepening recessionary pressures, an expert has said.

    The Trump administration’s tariff-driven agenda, which prioritizes short-term domestic gains, threatens to fracture international supply chains and undermine multilateral institutions, said Vlade Simovic, a professor of the Faculty of Political Science at the University of Banja Luka in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

    In an interview with Xinhua, he depicted the Trump administration’s move to revive high tariffs as a return to mercantilist principles.

    While Washington seeks to reshore manufacturing and reduce reliance on imports, this approach ignores the realities of globalization, said Simovic.

    Though tariffs may be politically appealing to Washington, the expert warned, they may trigger retaliatory cycles.

    “Modern economies thrive on interdependence. Disrupting this balance risks inflation, supply chain chaos and a collapse of multilateral frameworks,” he said.

    U.S. unilateralism is eroding the World Trade Organization (WTO), with Washington prioritizing bilateral deals over multilateral rules, said Simovic. “The WTO is increasingly irrelevant to the U.S. that writes its own playbook.”

    Historical parallels are alarming — protectionism in the 1930s worsened the Great Depression, he added.

    Simovic said that the European Union, as a key U.S. trade partner, faces acute vulnerabilities under U.S. tariff threats on steel, aluminum and automobiles, which pose risks to Europe’s social stability and economic growth.

    The international community must prioritize inclusive reforms to avert a preventable crisis — one where short-term political wins pave the path to long-term collective loss, he said. 

    MIL OSI China News

  • MIL-OSI USA: Labrador Letter – DOGE’ing the Collapse of our Republic

    Source: US State of Idaho

    Dear Friends,
    This past month has been a remarkable period in our national history.  The new Department of Government Efficiency, known colloquially as DOGE, has uncovered waste, inefficiency and corruption at unprecedented levels and in every agency examined so far.
    USAID, the United States Agency for International Development, has been at the center of this first round of audits. From DEI projects in Serbia to transgender operas and comic books in South America, to tourism promotion in Egypt and sex changes in Vietnam, the USAID projects appear to lack both fiscal restraint and accountability.  Tens of millions, hundreds of millions, even billions of taxpayer dollars are being carelessly thrown at projects around the globe without consideration for our national security, priorities, or strategic interests. USAID resources have even ended up in the hands of designated terrorist organizations like Hezbollah.
    Other upcoming audits include FEMA, which recently sent $59 million to New York City to house illegal immigrants in luxury hotels instead of providing disaster relief in North Carolina.  Also being examined is the Pentagon, which failed its seventh straight audit last year.  Another essential audit will be the Department of the Treasury, which issues every government check.  Following the money is critical in any competent review.
    Those reviews recently uncovered that the Environmental Protection Agency recklessly distributed $20 billion to outside financial institutions in the final hours of the Biden Administration, just to get the money off the books.  Just this week, it was discovered that two billion of those dollars were given to an organization connected to die-hard Biden supporter and two-time failed Georgia democratic gubernatorial candidate, Stacey Abrams, for “climate change.”  One Biden-appointed bureaucrat confided that it was, “throwing gold bars off the Titanic.”
    These audits aren’t without controversy for some.  Seventy-seven million Americans who voted for President Trump may cheer the well-advertised reckoning that was promised daily in his campaign to root out government fraud and waste.  Others have expressed concerns that their private data may be accessed by enthusiastic auditors.
    Unsurprisingly, the oversight bureaucracies previously set up to find fraud appear to be disinterested, at best, and complicit, at worst. Instead of investigating the billions of dollars wasted, they repeat the talking points of the coordinated efforts opposing the Trump Administration’s in-depth review.  They say that unelected and “unvetted” bureaucrats, specifically Elon Musk and the DOGE team, might access their social security and tax data, and that unelected people just aren’t accountable.
    Having spent four terms in Congress representing Idaho, I can say confidently there are exactly 537 elected people in your entire federal government:  435 Congressmen, 100 Senators, the Vice-President, and the President.  That’s it!   Everyone else is an unelected bureaucrat — from the agency heads to the generals, all the way to the accountants who currently have access to your personal data — well over two million government workers in total.  I have to admit that I am amused by the Left’s newfound skepticism of unelected bureaucrats. Welcome to my side.  In reality, if these groups are concerned about DOGE, it’s because of what Elon Musk and his team are likely to uncover and not the fact they are unelected.
    This isn’t a partisan issue, or at least it shouldn’t be.  We as taxpayers have a very vested interest in where our money is going and why.  No single political party has a monopoly on improper spending.  Waste and corruption have occurred across many administrations, Republican and Democrat alike.  Those who have taken advantage of the system to enrich themselves or others need to be held accountable, regardless of any party affiliation.  I have confidence that accountability will happen under these audits, and it hints at why there was such unnaturally visceral opposition to President Trump, even before DOGE was a common term.
    As your Attorney General, my office is monitoring the situation closely in the interest of Idahoans.  While I am confident that no Idaho laws are being broken, I will stand up for the protection of Idahoans’ information and privacy.  At the same time, I will also stand up against the corruption and waste in our federal government.  Those two goals are not in conflict at all.  We absolutely can and should do both.
    President Trump was very clear about his promise to audit how the federal government spends money, and his appointed team is carrying that promise out.  Those weren’t just empty words on a campaign stage.  People aren’t used to politicians keeping promises and it likely shocks some people.
    But that shock is something we as a nation must work through.  Our Republic is strong enough to ask hard questions and demand hard answers, because that’s how we grow, adapt, and improve.  Change is uncomfortable, even painful.  But the slow decay of disinterest is terminal.  We need to see these audits through.  America’s best years are ahead of us, and we need to push forward to get there.
    Alexander Fraser Tytler, a Scottish author and jurist, wrote:
    “A Democracy cannot exist as a permanent form of government.  It can only exist until the voters discover that they can vote themselves largesse [money] from the public treasury. From that moment on, the majority always votes for the candidate promising the most benefit from the public treasury, with the result that democracy always collapses over a loose fiscal policy, always followed by a dictatorship.”
    We simply cannot allow the loose fiscal policy Tytler warned against to collapse our country.  Our nation must stand strong against the graft and self-interest of bureaucrats and technocrats and reclaim the authority of our national checkbook – not to vote ourselves money, but to ensure that money spent is in the very best interests of America and Americans.  This will require restraint, vigilance, and discipline.
    To avoid the dangers of a direct democracy and the temptation to vote ourselves money from the public treasury, our Founders wisely gifted us with a Constitutional Republic. As your Attorney General, I’ll fight with all my might to keep it and will support President Trump’s efforts to rein in government fraud, waste and abuse.

    Best regards,
    Not yet subscribed to the Labrador Letter?  Click HERE to get our weekly newsletter and updates.  Miss an issue?  Labrador Letters are archived on the Attorney General website.

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI Economics: Decisions taken by the Governing Council of the ECB (in addition to decisions setting interest rates)

    Source: European Central Bank

    February 2025

    21 February 2025

    Market operations

    Extension of liquidity lines until January 2027

    On 23 January 2025 the Governing Council approved the extension of the ECB repo lines with eight non-euro area central banks (Magyar Nemzeti Bank, Banca Națională a României, Bank of Albania, Andorran Financial Authority, National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia, Central Bank of the Republic of San Marino, Central Bank of Montenegro and Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo) until 31 January 2027. The decision was taken pursuant to the new framework for euro liquidity lines, which was adopted in 2023.

    Eurosystem climate stress test report

    On 13 February 2025 the Governing Council took note of the main findings of the 2024 climate stress test on the Eurosystem’s balance sheet, which will feed into the Eurosystem’s climate-related financial disclosures.

    Market infrastructure and payments

    Inclusion of provisions on the TARGET Analytical Environment in the T2 Currency Participation Agreement

    On 13 February 2025 the Governing Council approved the amendments to the agreement on the use of T2 services (T2 Currency Participation Agreement) to include the TARGET Analytical Environment as a standard feature offered to both current and future signatories of the T2 Currency Participation Agreement.

    Advice on legislation

    ECB Opinion on flood insurance

    On 4 February 2025 the Governing Council adopted Opinion CON/2025/3 at the request of the Chair of the Oireachtas (Irish National Parliament) Joint Committee on Finance, Public Expenditure and Reform and Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister).

    ECB Opinion on indirect participants in, and access to, payment systems, and a new exemption from the cash rule

    On 5 February 2025 the Governing Council adopted Opinion ECB Recommendation on the external auditors of the European Central Bank for the financial years 2025 to 2029

    On 12 February 2025 the Governing Council adopted Recommendation ECB/2025/6 to the Council of the European Union on the external auditors of the European Central Bank.

    Statistics

    Extension of the Integrated Reporting Framework and the Common Data Management investigation phases

    On 17 February 2025 the Governing Council approved the revised Quality Review Gate 1 documentation (including the Financial Envelopes and Project Charters), extending until the end of September 2025 the investigation phases of the ESCB and SSM Common Data Management and the ESCB Integrated Reporting Framework projects.

    Banknotes and coins

    Composition of the design contest jury for the new euro banknotes

    On 6 February 2025 the Governing Council took note of the composition of the design contest jury for the new euro banknotes. The jury will prepare a shortlist of designs to support the selection of the final design of the future euro banknotes by the Governing Council and is scheduled to start work in early 2025.

    ECB Banking Supervision

    Update of the 2025 Supervisory Examination Programme (SEP) for on-site inspections and internal model investigations at significant institutions

    On 30 January 2025 the Governing Council did not object to a proposal by the Supervisory Board for an update of the 2025 SEP for on-site inspections and internal model investigations at significant institutions and outsourcing service providers. The on-site SEP is based on SSM supervisory priorities for 2025-2027 published on the ECB’s banking supervision website.

    MIL OSI Economics

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis signs five cooperation agreements with Romania

    Source: Switzerland – Federal Administration in English

    During his official visit to Romania from 19 to 21 February 2025, Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis reinforced Swiss-Romanian bilateral cooperation by signing five implementation agreements for programmes under Switzerland’s second contribution to selected member states of the European Union (EU). He also highlighted the importance of promoting linguistic and cultural minorities by taking part, alongside the Romanian authorities, in an event and a debate as part of Romansh Language Week (Emna rumantscha).

    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI Global: From ancient emperors to modern presidents, leaders have used libraries to cement their legacies

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Myrsini Mamoli, Lecturer of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology

    The Library of Celsus was a famous landmark in its time – and today. Myrsini Mamoli

    Here in Atlanta, the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum has been part of my daily life for years. Parks and trails surrounding the center connect my neighborhood to the Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park downtown and everything in between.

    At the end of December 2024, thousands of people walked to the library to pay their respects to the former president as he lay in repose. The cold, snow and darkness of the evening were a stark contrast to the warmth of the volunteers who welcomed us in. Our visit spiraled through galleries exhibiting records of Carter’s life, achievements and lifelong work promoting democracy around the world.

    U.S. presidents have been building libraries for more than 100 years, starting with Rutherford B. Hayes. But the urge to shape one’s legacy by building a library runs much deeper. As a scholar of libraries in the Greek and Roman world, I was struck by the similarities between presidential and ancient libraries – some of which were explicitly designed to honor deceased sponsors and played a significant role in their cities.

    Trajan’s library

    The Ulpian Library, a great library in the center of Rome, was founded by Emperor Trajan, who ruled around the turn of the second century C.E. Referenced often by ancient authors, it could have been the first such memorial library.

    Trajan’s Column now stands at the center of Rome.
    AP Photo/Pier Paolo Cito

    Today, someone visiting Rome can visit Trajan’s Column, a roughly 100-foot monument to his military and engineering achievements after conquering Dacia, part of present-day Romania. A frieze spirals from bottom to top of the column, depicting his exploits. The monument now stands on its own. Originally, however, it was nestled in a courtyard between two halls of the Ulpian Library complex.

    Most of what scholars know about the library’s architecture comes from remains of the west hall, an elongated room almost 80 feet long, whose walls were lined with rectangular niches and framed by a colonnade. The niches were lined with marble and appear to have had doors; this is where the books would have been placed. Writers from the first few centuries C.E. describe the library having archival documents about the emperor and the empire, including books made of linen and books bound with ivory.

    Trajan dedicated the column in 113 C.E. but died four years later, before the library was complete. Hadrian, his adoptive son and successor, oversaw the shipment of Trajan’s cremated remains back to Rome, where they were placed in Trajan’s Column. Hadrian completed the surrounding library complex in 128 C.E. and dedicated it with two identical funerary inscriptions to his adopted parents, Trajan and Plotina. Scholars Roberto Egidi and Silvia Orlandi have argued that Trajan’s remains could later have been transferred from the column into the library hall.

    Memorial model

    Either way, I would argue that Trajan’s decision to have his remains included in the library complex, instead of in an imperial mausoleum, established a model adopted by other officials at a smaller scale. In the eastern side of the Roman empire – what is now Turkey – at least two other library-mausoleum buildings have been identified.

    One is the library at Nysa on the Maeander, a Hellenistic city named for the nearby river. Under the floor of its entry porch is a sarcophagus with the remains of a man and a woman, possibly the dedicators, that dates to the second century C.E., the time of Hadrian’s reign.

    The ruins of the library at Nysa on the Maeander.
    Myrsini Mamoli

    Another is the Library of Celsus, the most recognizable ancient library today, found in the ancient city of Ephesus. Named after a regional Roman consul and proconsul during the reign of Trajan, the building was founded by Celsus’ son, designed as both a place of learning and a mausoleum.

    The library’s ornate, sculpted facade contained life-size female statues, making it an immediately recognizable landmark. Inscriptions identify the statues as the personifications of Celsus’ character, elevating him into a role model: virtue, intelligence, knowledge and wisdom.

    Upon entering the room, the funerary character of the library became quite literal. The hall was designed like the Ulpian Library, but a door gave access to a crypt underneath. This held the marble sarcophagus with the remains of Celsus, the patron of the library. The sarcophagus itself was visible from the hall, if one stood in front of the central apse and looked down through two slits in the podium.

    An endowment covered the library’s operational expenses in ancient times, as well as annual commemorations on Celsus’ birthday, including the wreathing of the busts and statues and the purchasing of additional books.

    The life-size statues on the facade of the Library of Celsus.
    Myrsini Mamoli

    Power and knowledge

    These two provincial libraries highlight how sponsors hoped to be associated with the virtues a library fosters. Books represent knowledge, and by dedicating a library, one asserted his possession of it. Providing access to learning was an instrument of power on its own.

    Beyond the handful of memorial libraries, many other ancient Roman public libraries were great cultural centers, including the Forum of Peace in Rome, dedicated by Emperor Vespasian; the Library of Hadrian in Athens; and the Gymnasium in Side, a city in present-day Turkey.

    The most magnificent libraries combined access to manuscripts and artworks with spaces for meetings and lectures. Several had great leisure areas, including landscaped sculptural gardens with elaborate water features and colonnaded walkways. Literary sources and material evidence testify to the treasures that were held there: busts of philosophers, poets and other accomplished literary figures; statues of gods, heroes and emperors; treasures confiscated as spoils of war and exhibited in Rome.

    A model of how Hadrian’s Library may have looked, complete with a landscaped courtyard.
    Joris/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA

    Like the Ulpian Library itself, they continued the long tradition of Hellenistic public libraries, established by the most famous library of antiquity: the Library of Alexandria. Founded and lavishly endowed by the Hellenistic kings of Egypt, the Ptolemies, the building was meant to portray the king as a patron of intellectual activities and a powerful ruler, collecting knowledge from conquered civilizations.

    In ancient Greece and Rome, anybody who could read had access to public libraries. Rules of use varied: For example, literary sources imply that the Ulpian Library in Rome was a borrowing library, whereas an inscription from the Library of Pantainos in Athens explicitly forbid any book to be taken out.

    But these buildings were also meant to shape their sponsors’ legacies, portraying them as benevolent and learned. Presidential libraries in the United States today follow the same principle: They become monuments to the former presidents, while giving back to their local communities.

    Myrsini Mamoli does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. From ancient emperors to modern presidents, leaders have used libraries to cement their legacies – https://theconversation.com/from-ancient-emperors-to-modern-presidents-leaders-have-used-libraries-to-cement-their-legacies-248423

    MIL OSI – Global Reports

  • MIL-OSI Global: I’m Still Here: a vibrant testament to female resilience that mourns Brazil’s dark past

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Belén Vidal, Reader in Film Studies, King’s College London

    Director Walter Salles’s first feature film since 2012, the Oscar-nominated I’m Still Here is a return to home ground, and a return to strength, for the Brazilian auteur. At 68, Salles reconnects with his youth, telling a story in which he does not figure, but takes up the role of witness to the pain of others.

    I’m Still Here is adapted from the autobiographical novel Ainda Estou Aqui by Salles’s contemporary, the writer Marcelo Rubens Paiva. The novel recounts Paiva’s father’s disappearance in 1971, under the repressive dictatorship of Emílio Garrastazu Médici, through the memories of the author’s mother, Eunice Paiva.

    In Salles’s film, the Paivas lead an enchanted life in a house facing Leblon beach in Rio de Janeiro, until the long arm of the military regime wrecks their dream.

    Looking for something good? Cut through the noise with a carefully curated selection of the latest releases, live events and exhibitions, straight to your inbox every fortnight, on Fridays. Sign up here.


    Beloved family head, Rubens (Selton Mello), an engineer and congressman secretly collaborating with the underground opposition, is kidnapped by state police under the pretence of a routine interrogation. It then befalls his wife Eunice (Fernanda Torres) to sustain family life and give their children a sense of future while trying to find out what happened to her husband.

    It’s the second act of the film, particularly the harrowing yet restrained sequences of Eunice’s days-long detention, that reveal the stakes of the story. Her traumatic experience in jail and increasingly desperate search for her husband afterwards is framed as a transformative journey. It’s one that will culminate 25 years later, when the memory of the disappeared is reinstated in the official archives of the nation’s history.

    I’m Still Here adopts a linear style of storytelling and classical three-act structure (stability, disruption, reparation) that serves historical closure, reinforced by the display of the Paiva family’s photographic archive in the closing credits.

    This familiar convention takes on a special poignancy in I’m Still Here, where the private archive is a powerful alternative to a discredited “official” media narrative. The reconstruction of everyday life conveys endurance and resistance. This in turn brings to the fore the gendered dynamics of the Paiva household.

    Rubens’s underground political activity against the regime means that he leads a double life to which Eunice, for all her loving closeness to her husband, remains ignorant of. This is sorely tested when Rubens disappears. With him the main source of income, it leaves Eunice and the children to cobble together a new existence in São Paulo.

    Adopting Eunice’s perspective throughout, the film observes how her relationship with her eldest daughters begins to fracture as they find different ways of coping with traumatic loss and an uncertain future. However, the film stays clear of melodrama, leaving Eunice to internalise the process instead.

    In the lead role, the prolific 59-year-old actor Fernanda Torres carries the film as effortlessly in fitted pencil skirts and chic geometric patterns of late 1960s fashion. Her screen chemistry with the slightly younger Selton Mello – they are the perfect couple while happiness lasts – is palpable.

    Torres’s controlled, nuanced performance navigates the family’s shift in fortunes with measured calm and steely determination, even as she gradually comes to terms with the fact that she’s on her own.

    In this way, the film is a clear-cut tribute to a “feminine” politics of resilience. This matches the preference for a linear biopic over focus on fraught alliances and betrayals that may have determined the course of 1970s political life in Brazil.

    Despite its stark subject matter and suffering heroine, the retro pleasures of I’m Still Here form one of the film’s strongest aspects. The measure of the family’s loss is given by a sweeping first act. Despite the all too readable signs of what’s to come (the film opens with Eunice enjoying a solitary swim in crystalline waters, disturbed by the sound of helicopters hovering above), the viewer is invited to live in the joyous present of the Paiva household.

    The dynamic camerawork captures the energy of the children, connecting the space of the beach with the open-doors house where Eunice and Rubens act as genial hosts for their friends.

    Through references to the vibrant tropicália musical movement the film celebrates and mourns not only the centrality of music to Brazilian cultural life, but the tastes of a cosmopolitan, white liberal middle class (to which Salles also belongs) whose lives and aspirations were cut short by the dictatorship.

    Torres’s real-life mother, the decorated Brazilian actress Fernanda Montenegro, plays the older Eunice in the film’s closing scenes. The match is near perfect, as they both command the same intense yet guarded look.

    Eunice’s character arc signifies the nation’s rise to consciousness. She goes back to study in her forties, becoming a lawyer working on behalf of the rights of indigenous women and in support of the families of the disappeared.

    This personal engagement in justice and reparation is blighted by dementia. In 2014, the nonagenarian Eunice played by Montenegro is a silent, wheelchair-bound Alzheimer sufferer. This epilogue, shot in bleached digital textures vividly contrasts with the vibrant memories captured in the (recreated) Super-8 films shot by the Paivas.

    As Brazil pulls itself together after the twin catastrophes of COVID and Bolsonarism, I’m Still Here’s cautionary tale for the present may be curtailed by the fact that its emotional core is placed so firmly in mourning its past, depicted as a idyllic moment of happiness and optimism before Brazil was robbed of its future.

    Belén Vidal receives funding for her research project AGE-C. Ageing and Gender in European Cinema, Co-investigator which is funded by VolkswagenStiftung, 2023-2026.

    ref. I’m Still Here: a vibrant testament to female resilience that mourns Brazil’s dark past – https://theconversation.com/im-still-here-a-vibrant-testament-to-female-resilience-that-mourns-brazils-dark-past-250194

    MIL OSI – Global Reports

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Written question – The death of three minors at the Bulgarian border – E-000665/2025

    Source: European Parliament

    Question for written answer  E-000665/2025
    to the Commission
    Rule 144
    Jaume Asens Llodrà (Verts/ALE), Ilaria Salis (The Left), Estrella Galán (The Left), Per Clausen (The Left), Rima Hassan (The Left), Marie Toussaint (Verts/ALE), Maria Ohisalo (Verts/ALE), Mounir Satouri (Verts/ALE), Sebastian Everding (The Left), Diana Riba i Giner (Verts/ALE), Catarina Martins (The Left), Isabel Serra Sánchez (The Left), Irene Montero (The Left), Mimmo Lucano (The Left), Marco Tarquinio (S&D), Markéta Gregorová (Verts/ALE), Damien Carême (The Left), Ana Miranda Paz (Verts/ALE), Tineke Strik (Verts/ALE), Erik Marquardt (Verts/ALE), Cecilia Strada (S&D), Saskia Bricmont (Verts/ALE), Mélissa Camara (Verts/ALE), Pernando Barrena Arza (The Left), Vicent Marzà Ibáñez (Verts/ALE), Brando Benifei (S&D), Juan Fernando López Aguilar (S&D), Konstantinos Arvanitis (The Left), Francisco Assis (S&D), Cristina Guarda (Verts/ALE), Benedetta Scuderi (Verts/ALE), Lynn Boylan (The Left), Thijs Reuten (S&D), Leire Pajín (S&D), Hana Jalloul Muro (S&D)

    According to a recent report[1], Bulgarian border police failed to assist three unaccompanied Egyptian minors in distress, despite repeated alerts from human rights defenders. Attempts to rescue them were blocked by the Bulgarian authorities, resulting in the minors’ deaths.

    For years, human rights monitors, journalists and Frontex officers have documented systematic violations by the Bulgarian border authorities. Attacks on defenders of migrants’ rights have escalated, with Bulgarian authorities shifting responsibility for these deaths onto them. These abuses coincide with Bulgaria’s full accession to the Schengen area and significant EU funding for migration management.

    This raises serious concerns under Article 2 (right to life) and Article 3 (prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment) of the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as under the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU.

    • 1.What steps will the Commission take to investigate Bulgaria’s responsibility for these deaths, ensure accountability (under Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union), and prevent further abuses in the context of its Schengen accession?
    • 2.How will the Commission ensure that EU funds for Bulgarian border management are not used to support pushbacks, obstruct humanitarian aid or contribute to human rights violations?
    • 3.What measures will the Commission implement to protect human rights defenders from criminalisation under the EU Facilitation Directive and ensure they can operate without interference?

    Submitted: 12.2.2025

    • [1] https://bloodyborders.org/reports/frozen-lives-an-investigation-into-how-bulgarian-authorities-put-the-lives-of-people-on-the-move-at-risk-of-death/.

    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI Europe: OSCE Mission to BiH Conducts First Anti-Trafficking Simulation-Based Training in Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Source: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe – OSCE

    Headline: OSCE Mission to BiH Conducts First Anti-Trafficking Simulation-Based Training in Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Tokom obuke za aktere uključene u borbu protiv trgovine ljudima, učesnici su imali priliku da rade na identifikaciji i istrazi predmeta trgovine ljudima. (OSCE) Photo details

    Sarajevo, 21 February 2025 – From 17 to 21 February 2025, the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mission) organized an advanced training for anti-trafficking practitioners, engaging them in real-time simulated scenarios to identify and investigate human trafficking cases and assist trafficked persons using a victim-centered and human rights-based approach.
    Participants from law enforcement, the judiciary, labor inspection, social services, and non-governmental organizations collaborated in multidisciplinary teams to investigate simulated cases of labor and sexual exploitation, as well as forced criminality. The exercises were designed using expert-developed scenarios that reflect national human trafficking and migration trends in BiH, building on previous OSCE simulation-based training models.
    “The OSCE Mission to BiH is committed to strengthening the country’s institutional response to human trafficking by fostering cooperation among key stakeholders. This hands-on training has equipped professionals with practical tools to combat this crime more effectively,” said Ambassador Brian Aggeler, Head of the OSCE Mission to BiH. “By emphasizing a victim-centered and human rights-based approach, we are not only enhancing investigative techniques but also ensuring that survivors receive the protection and support they deserve.”
    Ahmed Mešić, Prosecutor at the BiH Prosecutor’s Office said: “Through a realistic scenario and a multidisciplinary approach, participants had the opportunity to enhance their skills and exchange experiences, directly contributing to a more effective fight against this serious crime. The lessons learned and the collaborative work on collecting and securing evidence—primarily with a focus on human trafficking victims—will be crucial in the future work of professionals handling such cases. I would therefore like to thank the OSCE Mission to BiH for successfully organizing this important training and congratulate them on a job well done.”
    Senior Assistant at the Faculty of Law Banja Luka Olivera Ševo Grebenar emphasized the value of practical learning and said: “This simulation exercise demonstrated that a hands-on learning model yields the most concrete results. From the preparation phase to implementation, the exercise fostered discussion and the search for optimal solutions in combating and preventing human trafficking crimes. Additionally, by emphasizing victim-centered approaches and inter-institutional co-operation, participants developed a heightened sensitivity to these issues and increased their awareness of how to apply these principles in their daily work on human trafficking cases.”
    This training is part of the OSCE Mission’s broader efforts to support BiH authorities in combating human trafficking and providing adequate assistance to victims. It was implemented under the project “Simulation-Based Training Exercise for Local Anti-Trafficking Structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina,” funded by the U.S. Delegation to the OSCE. This initiative marks the first anti-trafficking simulation-based training exercise in Bosnia and Herzegovina, reinforcing the Mission’s commitment to strengthening national anti-trafficking mechanisms and multi-agency co-operation.

    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Appointment of Lord-Lieutenant for Moray: 21 February 2025

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    Press release

    Appointment of Lord-Lieutenant for Moray: 21 February 2025

    The King has been pleased to appoint Air Commodore Alistair Monkman CBE as His Lord-Lieutenant for Moray.

    The King has been pleased to appoint Air Commodore Alistair Monkman CBE as His Lord-Lieutenant for Moray, to succeed Major General Seymour Monro CBE LVO following his retirement on 7th May 2025.

    Background

    Alistair gained his private pilots’ licence aged 17 and joined the Royal Air Force as a Tornado pilot in 1985. During 27 years of service, Alistair flew over 500 hours of combat operations over Iraq, Serbia and Afghanistan, including with the United States Air Force, and was decorated with the Distinguished Flying Cross, Air Medal and the Legion of Merit by the USA. Alistair moved to Moray in 2003 and served at RAF Lossiemouth as Officer Commanding 617 Squadron and then Station Commander, during which time he was an ADC to Her Majesty the Queen.  He was awarded a CBE in the 2010 New Year’s Honours list.

    Alistair supports a number of charities and chairs the Moray Emergency Relief Fund. He is also an Assessor for the Moray Community Foundation. His interests include cycling and endurance hill walking and has undertaken annual long distance walks every year since 2012. His passion, however, is the management of wild deer and he is a Trustee Director of the British Deer Society, chairing the BDS’ Scottish Council.

    Updates to this page

    Published 21 February 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI USA News: Press Briefing by Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt, Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller, National Economic Council Director Kevin Hassett, and National Security Advisor Mike Waltz

    Source: The White House

    class=”has-text-align-left”>
    1:05 P.M. EST
     
         MS. LEAVITT:  Hello.  Good afternoon, everybody.  I brought some heavy hitters in here with me today. 
     
    Today marks one month of President Trump’s return to the Oval Office, and there is no denying this administration is off to a historic start.  The President has already signed 73 executive orders.  That is more than double the number signed by Joe Biden and more than quadruple the number signed by Barack Obama over the same period.
     
    These executive orders have ended burdensome regulations; sealed the border; unleashed our domestic energy sector; eliminated divisive DEI from our federal government; stopped the weaponization of government; cut waste, fraud, and abuse; reinstituted “America First” trade and foreign policies; and ultimately restored common sense. 
     
    The President also signed the Laken Riley Act into law, which ensures ICE will detain illegal aliens arrested or charged with theft or violence. 
     
    As of today, the Senate has already confirmed 18 Cabinet-level nominees, which is more than at this point under the Obama administration in 2009 and more than double the pace of the Biden administration in 2021. 
     
    And today, we expect Kash Patel to be confirmed as the next director of the FBI. 
     
    We are proud to announce that the president will host his first official Cabinet meeting here at the White House next Wednesday, February 26th. 
     
    In just four weeks, President Trump has already hosted the leaders of Israel, Japan, Jordan, and India.  And next Monday, the President will host France’s President, Emmanuel Macron, and on Thursday, the UK Prime Minister, Keir Starmer, will visit the White House as well. 
     
    As you all know, over the past month, the President has taken questions from the press — all of you — nearly every single day, sometimes on multiple different occasions in the same day, on any topic any of you wish to talk about. 
     
    President Trump set the tone on this approach immediately when he took more than 12 times the questions in his first few hours in office as Joe Biden did in his entire first week. 
     
    Yesterday, we hosted a local media row here at the White House with television and radio stations from across the country that reached up to 60 million viewers and listeners. 
     
    In our ongoing pursuit of transparency, on this one-month celebration, I am thrilled to bring three of my colleagues and our policy experts here at the White House to further recap this incredible first month of accomplishments in greater detail.
     
    We have Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy and Homeland Security Advisor Stephen Miller; the Director of the National Economic Council, Kevin Hassett; and our National Security Advisor, Mike Waltz. 
     
    I will hand it over to them.  They will deliver brief remarks on the accomplishments of this administration in the first month, and then we will open it up to Q and A.  When we open up the Q and A portion, I do ask, for the sake of efficiency in this room, that you direct your question to the principal you seek an answer from.  And I will call on you in this room.
     
    But first I will let them roll through their remarks.  And first up, I’ll turn it over to Stephen Miller.
     
    MR. MILLER:  Thank you.  It’s great to be back.
     
    And I want to just thank you all for joining today our one-month celebration of the most historic opening to a presidency in American history.  No president comes close to what Donald Trump has achieved over just the last 30 days.
     
    He has packed eight years of transformative action restoring this nation, restoring our laws, restoring fairness, restoring economic opportunity, restoring national security in just one month.  No one in this country has ever seen anything like it. 
     
    And when you look at the consequentiality and the significance and the transformative nature of the actions he’s taking, it truly defies description.  For example, in just one area, this nation has been plagued and crippled by illegal discrimination: diversity, equity, and inclusion policies.  It strangled our economy.  It has undermined public safety.  It has made every aspect of life more difficult, more painful, and less safe. 
     
    He has ended all DEI across the federal government.  He has terminated all federal workers involved in promulgating these unlawful policies.  He has ended diversity, equity, and inclusion in all federal contracting.  He has restored merit as the cornerstone of all federal policy; restored the full, fair, impartial enforcement of our federal civil rights laws for the first time in generations; and he has cracked down on individuals across this government and nonprofits who have engaged in illegal racial discrimination against the American people. 
     
    This includes making clear to every educational institution in this country that ending diversity, equity, and inclusion, ending unlawful race discrimination is a precondition of receiving federal funds. 
     
    He has also saved women’s sports by ending the participation of men in women’s sports.  He has ended radical gender ideology across the entire federal government, and he’s pressured the private sector to also end and combat radical gender ideology.  He’s reestablished the scientific and biological truth that there are only two sexes in this country — male and female — that those are biologically based determinations.  They are not based and can never be based on gender identity. 
     
    That includes rooting out of the Department of Defense all DEI policies, all critical race theory, all gender madness, and once again having a military that is focused solely and exclusively on readiness, preparedness, and lethality.
     
    As I’m sure Kevin will talk about more, of course, he has undertaken a historic cost-cutting effort across the federal government, launching the first-ever Department of Government Efficiency, uncovering corruption on a scale that we never thought imaginable, terminating every single federal worker that we — that we have found to be engaged in the corruption and theft and the waste of taxpayer dollars, and already saving $50 billion in a single year, which over a 10-year period would be $500 billion.  Just think about how vast and enormous that sum is. 
     
    Of course, as you all know, he has renamed the Gulf of Mexico to its correct and proper name: the Gulf of America.  He has renamed Mount Denali into Mount McKinley, part of a historic effort to restore patriotism and national pride all across this land. 
     
    He has ended the weaponization of the federal government, restored the Department of Justice to its true mission of combating threats to this nation and keeping the American people safe. 
     
    He has ended all federal censorship of free speech.  This has been one of the greatest crises that has plagued this nation.  Years and years and years, the federal government violating the First Amendment to take away Americans’ right of free speech — President Trump has ended that.  And he has demanded that all federal workers, all law enforcement cease any effort to intimidate the rights of Americans or to police their speech. 
     
    He has also restored the death penalty at the Department of Justice, including for illegal aliens who commit murder, including for those who murder cops, and including for all of those who threaten Americans with heinous acts of violence.  The death penalty is back.  Law and order is back.  The streets are being made safe once again. 
     
    On the public health front, he has launched the nation’s first-ever commission — the MAHA Commission — Make America Healthy Again, following the historic confirmation of RFK Jr., to finally uncover the true root causes of the public health crisis in this country, the childhood disease epidemic in this country, the spiraling rates of pediatric cancer and devastating childhood sickness. 
     
    He has finally created a situation where the federal heal- — health agencies in this country will be focused on preventing disease, on keeping children from getting sick in the first place, not sentencing them to a lifetime in and out of hospitals, suffering needlessly, when we can find ways to prevent this epidemic of illness. 
     
    Then, of course, on homeland security.  Today, it is officially the law of the land at the conclusion of the congressional notification process that six Mexican cartels and two transnational gangs — Tren de Aragua, or TDA, and MS-13 — so eight organizations in total — are now formally designated as foreign terrorist organizations, which means that every single member of those organizations who operates on U.S. soil is now, as a legal matter, a terrorist, and they will be treated as terrorists. 
     
    This is a sea change in U.S. policy.  And this means the Department of Justice and the Department of Homeland Security, along with the rest of U.S. law enforcement and the Department of Defense, are now operating in a legal reality where these cartels are recognized as terrorists, and there will be a whole-of-government effort to remove these terrorists from our soil and to degrade their ability to threaten or undermine any American security or sovereignty interests.
     
    Border crossings since the day he took office are down 95 percent.  I think it’s almost impossible to even describe the scale and scope of that achievement.  President Trump, within days of taking office, cut border crossings 95 percent. 
     
    And those few who have dared to cross are being either prosecuted or deported.  They’re either facing significant jail time for trafficking, smuggling, harboring, aiding, impeding, or they’re being immediately removed from our soil.  Either way, at the end of the process, they are going home. 
     
    He has reimplemented Remain in Mexico, and he has obtained historic cooperation from foreign countries all around the world in accepting their deportees back. 
     
    And he has used the United States military to fully seal the southern border with a historic deployment of both active duty and National Guard troops, resumed the building of infrastructure.  He has opened up Guantanamo Bay, and he’s using military aircraft to carry out deportations all across this country. 
     
    And ICE is joining with ATF, DEA, and FBI to carry out the largest deportation operation in American history.  The criminals are going home.  The border is sealed shut.  America is safe, sovereign, proud, and free.  We are a nation that everyone in the world understands all across this planet: You do not come here illegally.  You will not get in.  You will go to jail.  You will go home.  You will not succeed. 
     
    This is the biggest and most successful change in any area of law enforcement that this nation has ever seen, and he did it in under one month. 
     
    Thank you.
     
    MR. HASSETT:  Should I go?
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Yes, yes.
     
    MR. HASSETT:  Well, thank you, Karoline.  Thank you, Stephen. 
     
    You know, one of the things that President Trump cares most about is job creation.  And it was about seven years ago I had the honor of joining you in this room for the first time, and it looks like we’ve created a lot more jobs in the last month.  Look at how many people are here.  I — my estimate is about 180 but — but I didn’t count. 
     
    So, thank you.  It’s really an honor to be back here.  I think that I just want to go over a few things and then hand it off to Mike. 
     
    The first thing is that the President has told us to prioritize fighting inflation, and he had to do that because, as you know, President Biden let inflation get completely out of control.  And he did it with policies that made no sense.  They made no sense. 
     
    You know, a lot of times, you people say to us — our friends, the journalists — you know, “Why are you doing that?”  But — but, you know, I like to think, “Why did they do that?  Why did they spend so much money and then — why did the Fed print so much money so that we had inflation as high as we’ve ever seen since Jimmy Carter?  So, why did they do that?”
     
    So, we’re addressing inflation.  We didn’t have to address it in the first term, because it was always in the 1s, almost always.  But we’re going to get it back there. 
     
    And how are we doing it?  Well, we’re doing it with a plan that President Trump and I and others have talked about in the Oval that involves, like, every level of fighting inflation. 
     
    First, the macroeconomic level.  We’re cutting spending.  We’re cutting spending in negotiations with people on the Hill.  We’re cutting spending with the advice of our IT consultant, Elon Musk.  And then we’re also looking into supply-side things, like restoring Trump’s tax cuts, maybe even expensing new factories so that there is an explosion of supply.  If you have an explosion of supply and a reduction in government demand, then inflation goes way down. 
     
    And then, one of the things that you want to say is “Well, when are you going to see it?”  Well, the first thing that you’ll see when the markets believe that we’re going to get inflation under control is that the 10-year Treasury rate goes down, because that’s how they think about future expected inflation. 
     
    And so, we’re still going to see some memory of Biden’s inflation.  It’s not going to go away in a month.  But the 10-year Treasury before the last Consumer Price Index had dropped about 40 basis points.  Forty basis points because markets were optimistic about our ability to fight inflation. 
     
    Forty basis points is kind of not a fun thing to say.  I — economists talk that way.  I apologize.  But the way to think about it is, for a typical mortgage, if that affects the mortgage rate, then it’s going to save a typical family buying a house about a thousand bucks a year, and that’s just in our first month. 
     
    Okay.  The second thing we’ve done is we’ve had a lot of trade talks.  In fact, I was just meeting a minister from Mexico with Howard Lutnick just a couple of hours ago.  And we’re talking about reciprocal trade, and we’re also talking about the fentanyl crisis. 
     
    And so, reciprocal trade is about our government treating other governments the way they treat us.  We want trade to be fair.  It turns out that Americans have been disadvantaged by foreign governments over and over, and President Trump wants it to stop.  And the fact that struck me as most noticeable, when I started to look at what President Trump was asking us to do, is that last year — last year — we have data — U.S. companies paid $370 billion in taxes to foreign governments — $370 billion.  Last year, foreign multinationals paid us $57 billion in taxes. 
     
    We have one quarter of world GDP.  They have three quarters of world GDP.  And we’re paying $370.  They’re paying $57.  This is not reciprocal.  We’re going to try — or we’re going to fix it. 
     
    The other thing that we’ve done is we’ve had an all-of-the-above energy approach that’s led by Doug Burgum and Chris and a really large team — EPA — and we’ve already made so many actions that are going to affect the price of energy and lower inflation. 
     
    We’ve opened up 625 million acres to energy exploration.  We’ve cut 50 years of red tape that makes it so you can’t have permits.  And we’ve even made it so that when you go home, if you get a new one, then you can take a shower or flush a toilet or read under a light bulb.  We’re doing that too. 
     
    So — so, finally, let’s just think about, like, the facts that we can see right now that we think are awesome.  So, guess what?  Small-business optimism is — has go- — gone up by the most ever since President Trump came in.  ISM, which is the measure of what’s going on in manufacturing, it’s expanding again for the first time in years.  CEO confidence is the highest it’s been in years.  And the reason — the reason people are thinking this is that our policies give people cause for optimism. 
     
    And then I want to reiterate what Stephen Miller said, because it’s so important — and it’s so important for financial markets to start to digest this — that if, say, the Treasury secretary or the — any Cabinet secretary, with Elon Musk, is able to find some savings — say, $100 billion — well, in CBO land, that’s actually, like, about 10 times that or maybe 12 times that over a 10-year window. 
     
    And so, when you’re thinking about the negotiations right now over reconciliation and thinking about, well, $4 trillion, $5 trillion, well, those numbers, in terms of the savings, are going to end up being small because of all the waste that we’re finding. 
     
    And so, we’re incredibly optimistic about the future of inflation and the future of our economy.  And we’re optimistic because we’re making so much progress so far, and we already see it in market prices. 
     
    And, with that, I’ll hand it off to Mike. 
     
    MR. WALTZ:  All right.  Thanks, Kevin. 
     
    Well, good afternoon.  What a month and what a sea change in our — in our foreign policy.  In addition to what we’re doing on the border and restoring American sovereignty, in addition to what we’re doing in our economy and the job creation and the inflation reduction, we are bringing the world back to where it was at the end of President Trump’s first term, which is a world of peace, prosperity, and — and looking forward and getting us out of the chaos that we’ve just seen over the last four years. 
     
    So, over the last month, just to name a few, I had the honor of sitting in the Oval Office as President Trump spoke with President Putin and then immediately spoke with President Zelenskyy, and both of them said only President Trump could bring both sides to the table, and only President Trump could stop the horrific fighting that has been going on now for the better part of four years and that only President Trump could drive the world back to peace.  Both of those leaders said that in back-to-back calls.
     
    And, of course, we just had our historic talks mediated by our — our good friends and partners, Saudi Arabia — we give great thanks to Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman for hosting — and sat down for the first time in years with the Russians and talked about a path forward with peace.
     
    On top of that and one of the things that led to that was a tremendous co- — confidence-building measure that we had with the release of Marc Fogel.  I’ll remind everyone, the last time that we had an American released from the Russians, either we gave up a deadly spy; pressured our allies to give up a lethal killer; or we released, under the Biden administration, the world’s most notorious arms dealer, Viktor Bout, who, by the way, had one of his main clients for arms the cartels in — in Mexico and Central America. 
     
    We gave up none of that.  This was released as a confidence-building measure, working with our great Middle East Envoy, Steve Witkoff, and our secretary of State as a first step towards opening these talks and then moving forward towards peace. 
     
    On top of that, we’ve secured, just in a month, the return of a dozen — 12 — American hostages from Russia, from Bulgaria, from Venezuela, the Taliban, and Hamas.  Excuse me, that’s from Belarus, not Bulgaria. 
     
    We also had — for the first time in quite some time, we took out a senior leader of ISIS, an international financier and recruiter that the military had been trying to take out for quite some time and — and wasn’t able to do so, frankly, because of a bureaucratic approval process.  President Trump said, “Take him out.”  And that ISIS financier and leader is no longer on this Earth. 
     
    We’ve also taken action to eliminate other terrorist organizations in the Middle East.  We drove — before the President was even in office, he started talking consequences for people that would hold Americans. 
     
    Heretofore, there’s been nothing but upside.  You take an American, you get some better deal.  You take another one, maybe you get a better deal.  No more.  There is now nothing but downside for taking Americans illegally, either as hostages or illegal detainees. 
     
    And when President Trump sent a very clear message across the Middle East, but particularly to Hamas, that there would be all hell to pay, we suddenly saw a breakthrough.  And now we just saw the release of yet another group of hostages.  There have been dozens now, including two Americans that we’ve seen once again reunited with their families. 
     
    As part of the talks with King Abdullah, he offered — and — and I think the entire world has graciously accepted — to take 2,000 sick children, cancer patients, and others out of Gaza.  As a humanitarian — as a humanitarian gesture, 2,000 Gazans will come out of that hellhole that it is, that wasteland that Gaza is right now, with unexploded ordnance, with debris everywhere, with no sewage, with no water.  And — and President Trump has — has put forward a plan to deal with the practical reality that is 1.8 million Gazans now — now truly suffering.
     
    And then, you know, just to bring it back to our own hemisphere, we’ve seen literally, in the last month — after years of national security experts, the generals in charge, and others testifying and ringing the alarm bells about — about the Chinese Communist Party’s presence in our own hemisphere, particularly in the Panama Canal, we’re seeing the leadership of Panama step away from the Belt and Road program, move away from China and back towards the United States, and even enter into talks and — and other negotiations about addressing the ports on either side of the canal. 
     
    And then, finally, last but not least, we’ve had four world leaders in the White House, in the Oval Office.  We’ve had the prime minister of Japan, the prime minister of India, the king of — of Jordan, and, of course, the prime minister of Israel just in the last four weeks.  And next week, we’ll have the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and we’ll have the president of France, Macron. 
     
    So, President Trump is on what we call Trump warp speed.  We are all — we are all honored to be really serving under — under his leadership and his vision.  And truly, you know, when we all say — and the President himself say — says, he is a president of peace.  He is a president focused on restoring stability.  I think the entire world saw what the world would look like without strong American leadership in the last four years.
     
    And it’s truly been an honor to get us back to where we were and back on track under President Trump’s leadership. 
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Thank you, Mike. 
     
    MR. WALTZ:  Mm-hmm.
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Thank you.  Thank you, everybody.  I’m sure you’re very eager to ask questions of these very smart people working very hard on behalf of the president. 
     
    We do have somebody in our new media seat today.  We have John Stoll, who is the head of news at X.  As you all know — you’re all on X — it’s home to hundreds of millions of users, a large contingent of independent journalists and news organizations across geographies and political spectrums.  And at the same time, X remains the go-to platform for many legacy news outlets.  And I know, as I mentioned, many of the reporters in this room use X to attract eyeballs to your work. 
     
    Prior to joining X, John spent two decades in journalism, including several years as an editor at The Wall Street Journal.  We are excited to have him in the briefing room today.
     
    John, we’ll let you kick it off.  And as I said at the top, please direct your question to the individual up here who you’d like an answer from. 
     
    John, why don’t you begin.
     
    Q    All right.  Thank you very much.  I am sitting in for a thriving ecosystem of journalists, independent and — and emerging news organizations who do depend on X for publicity, for a business model.  And so, I look forward to seeing many of them in this seat in months and years to come. 
     
    I also thank you, Karoline, for opening this seat up to new media.  It — it really is a testament not only to your open-mindedness but also to innovation that you’d actually think about, you know, folks that are not traditionally credentialed to be in this room to be in this room and to not only have a question but also to witness — you know, this is at a very important intersection of power and the free press.
     
    And so, just the ability to witness this and — and be part of it, it brings everybody’s game up.  So, thank you for that. 
     
    I think this is for Mike Waltz.  My question is about Ukraine.
     
    MR. WALTZ:  Sure.
     
    Q    For about more than 10 years, I’ve been fascinated, like all — like many, with what’s going on.  I was in Northern Europe working out of the Baltics when Crimea was annexed and was — a lot — a lot of this came on Twitter.  The platform used to be known as Twitter.  Was — a lot of European leaders would — would talk about their disappointment and — and solidarity with Ukraine, but when it came to actually doing something, it felt like they were passing a hot potato and sent it over the Atlantic. 
     
    I wonder how much of what we’re seeing right now out of the administration and President Trump is a call to Europe and the European leaders and allies that we’ve traditionally had to pick up that hot potato and — and start doing something a little bit more concrete to win and preserve the peace in Ukraine. 
     
    The second question I have is — it — it’s related — is there’s been some — a lot of speculation that President Trump and the administration might be manipulated by Pre- — by Vladimir Putin.  I wonder if you can just talk a little bit about the administration’s posture —
     
    MR. WALTZ:  Yeah.
     
    Q    — and your confidence in the competence of this administration to d- — go toe to toe with Vladimir Putin. 
     
    MR. WALTZ:  Well, if there’s an- — I’ll take the l- — second question first.  If there’s anybody in this world that can go toe to toe with Putin, that could go toe to toe with Xi, that could go toe to toe with Kim Jong Un — and we could keep going down the list — it’s Donald J. Trump.  He is the dealmaker in chief.  There is no question that he is the commander in chief. 
     
    And I, for one — and I think all Americans and around the world should have no doubt about his ability to not only handle Putin but to handle the complexity of driving this war to an end. 
     
    And then on your first piece on Europe, I’ll take you back to 2014.  You’re right.  There was a lot of hand-wringing in Europe and not a lot of action.  There was also a lot of hand-wringing here in Washington under the Obama administration and not a lot of action.  They literally threw blankets at the problem. 
     
    And so, I’ll remind everyone that Putin had, you know, some type of conflict, invasion, or issue with their neighbor under President Bush, with Georgia; under President Obama, with Ukraine in 2014; not under President Trump, 45; and again with President Biden in 2022.  The war should have been deterred.  The war should have never happened, and I have no doubt it would not have happened under President Trump and will stop under President — President Trump again. 
     
    But I just want to push back on this notion of our European allies not being consulted as we’ve entered into this process.  I already mentioned the immediate phone call President Trump made to President Zelenskyy.  He has talked to President Macron of France repeatedly last week.  President Macron convened European leaders and then is coming here on Monday.  Prime Minister Starmer is coming next Thursday. 
     
    We’ve also — I’ve talked to every one of my national security — national security advisor counterparts across — across the spectrum in Europe.  I’ve talked to Secretary-General Rutte, the — the leader of NATO, the secretary-general of NATO.  We have repeatedly — oh, by the way, we had half our Cabinet — seven Cabinet officials, including the vice president, at the Munich Security Conference, all engaging, all listening, and all making sure our allies were heard. 
     
    However, we’ve also made it clear for years — decades, even — that it is unacceptable that the United States and the United States taxpayer continues to bear the burden not only of the cost of the war in Ukraine but of the defense of — of Europe.  We fully support our NATO Allies.  We fully support the Article 5 commitment.  But it’s time for our European allies to step up. 
     
    And one of the things that Secretary-General Rutte said on our call was this last couple of weeks have been a real wake-up call.  And I asked him, “What have you been missing the last couple of years?” 
     
    The fact that we are going to enter into a NATO summit this June with a third of our NATO Allies still not meeting the 2 percent minimum, a commitment they made a decade ago — literally a decade ago — with a war on their doorstep — the largest war that they’re all extremely concerned about — but yet it’s “Well, somebody else needs to pay.  We’ve got other domestic priorities.”  It’s unacceptable.  President Trump has made that clear. 
     
    And the minimum needs to be met.  We need to be at 100 percent in — this June at the NATO summit.  And then let’s talk about exceeding it, which what — is what President Trump has been talking about, with 5 percent of GDP. 
     
    Europe needs to step up for their own defense as a partner.  And we can be friends and allies and have those tough conversations. 
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Great.  Peter.
     
    Q    Thank you, Karoline.  I have a Ukraine one and a DOGE one.  Who can talk DOGE?
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Stephen, go ahead.
     
    Q    Well, so — so, Stephen, we’re hearing about these DOGE dividend checks that would be 20 percent back to taxpayers, 20 percent to pay down the debt.  Sixty percent is left.  Who gets that?
     
    MR. MILLER:  Well, the way that it works is when you achieve savings, you can either return it to taxpayers, you can return it to our debtors, or it can be cycled into next year’s budget, and then it just lowers the overall baseline for next year.  So, in other words, you can just transfer it into the next fiscal window and then lower the overall spending level.  And that means that you can achieve a permanent savings that way, and that reduces the deficit. 
     
    Q    And when is it that people might see those checks?
     
    MR. MILLER:  Well, this is all going to be worked on through the reconciliation process with Congress that’s going underway right now, as you’ve seen.  The Senate is moving a bill.  The House is moving a bill.  The president has great confidence in both chambers to deliver on his priorities. 
     
    I would just take this opportunity to note that President Trump has made a historic commitment to the working class of this country to fight for a major tax relief and major price relief.  And cutting spending, as DOGE is doing, and cutting taxes is the key to delivering on both of those promises.  And President Trump is resolutely committed to doing both. 
     
    Q    Thank you.  And on Ukraine.  I guess, this is for Mike.
     
    MR. WALTZ:  Sure. 
     
    Q    After the president’s post on Truth Social yesterday, need to know: Who does he think is more responsible for the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Putin or Zelenskyy?
     
    MR. WALTZ:  Well, look, his — his goal, Peter, is to bring this war to an end, period.  And there has been ongoing fighting on both sides.  It is World War I-style trench warfare. 
     
    His frustration with President Zelenskyy is — that you’ve heard — is multifold.  One, there needs to be a deep appreciation for what the American people, what the American taxpayer, what President Trump did in — in his first term, and what we’ve done since.  So, some of the rhetoric coming out of Kyiv, frankly, and — and insults to President Trump were unacceptable.  Number one. 
     
    Number two, our own secretary of Treasury personally made the trip to offer the Ukrainians what is — can only be described as a historic opportunity — that is for America to coinvest with Ukraine in their minerals, in their resources, to truly grow the pie. 
     
    So, case in point, there’s a foundry that processes aluminum in Ukraine.  It’s — it’s been damaged.  It’s not at its current capacity.  If that is restored, it would account for America’s entire imports of aluminum for an entire year — that one foundry.
     
    There are tremendous resources there.  Not only is that long-term security for Ukraine, not only do we help them grow the pie with investments, but, you know, we do have an obligation to the American taxpayer in helping them recoup the hundreds of billions that ha- — that have occurred. 
     
    So, you know, rather than enter — enter into some constructive conversations about what that deal should be going forward, we got a lot of rhetoric in the media that was — that was incredibly unfortunate. 
     
    And I could just tell you, Peter, you know, as a veteran, as somebody who’s been in combat, this war is horrific.  And I think we’ve lost sight of that, of the literally thousands of people that are dying a day, families that are going without the next generation. 
     
    And I find it kind of, you know, frankly, ridiculous.  So many people in Washington that were just demanding, pounding the table for a ceasefire in Gaza are suddenly aghast that the president would demand one and both sides come to the table when it talks to — when it comes to Ukraine, a war that has been arguably far greater in — in scope and scale and far more dangerous in terms of global escalation to U.S. security.
     
    Q    And I do have one for Karoline.
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Sure.
     
    Q    Does President Trump have a bet with Trudeau about this USA-Canada hockey game tonight?  (Laughter.)  And when there is a big hockey game on, is the president watching for the goals or for the fights?
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  (Laughs.)  Probably both.  I think he’s watching for the United States to win tonight.  I know he talked to the USA hockey team this morning.  He talked to the players after their morning practice, around 10 o’clock.  And I also spoke to some folks from that team after.  They were jubilant over President Trump’s comments to the team.  I believe they’re going to put out a video of that call. 
     
    So, he looks forward to watching the game tonight, and we look forward to the United States beating our soon-to-be 51st state, Canada.  (Laughter.)
     
    Bloomberg, go ahead. 
     
    Q    My question is for Mike Waltz.  Can you give us a readout of Kellogg’s meeting with Zelenskyy that just wrapped up?  And, in particular, Zelenskyy publicly rejected this deal about the rare earth minerals.  Where — where does that stand?
     
    MR. WALTZ:  Well, we’re going to continue to have — he needs to come back to the table, and we’re going to continue to have discussions about where that deal is going. 
     
    Again, we have an obligation to the taxpayer.  I think this is an opportunity.  The president thinks this is an opportunity for Ukraine going forward.  There can be, in my view, nothing better for Ukraine’s future and for their security than — than to have the United States invested in their prosperity long-term.  And then a key piece of this has also been security guarantees. 
     
    Look, the — the reality that we’re talking about here is: Is it in Ukraine’s interest?  Is it in Europe’s interest?  It certainly isn’t in Russia’s interest or in the American people’s interest for this war to grind on forever and ever and ever. 
     
    So, a key part of his conversation was helping President Zelenskyy understand this war needs to come to an end.  This kind of open-ended mantra that we’ve had under the Biden administration, that’s over.  And I think a lot of people are having a hard time accepting that.
     
    And then the other piece is there’s been discussions from Prime Minister Starmer and also President Macron about European-led security guarantees.  We welcome that.  We’ve been asking Europe to step up and secure its own prosperity, safety, and security.  So, we certainly welcome that. 
     
    And we certainly welcome more European assistance.  As I told my counterparts, “Come to the table with more, if — if you want a bigger seat at the table.”  And we’ve been asking for that for quite some time. 
     
    Q    And has Russia pushed for sanctions in your talks with them?  And have you consulted with international partners and allies about potentially rolling back sanctions in these negotiations to end the war?
     
    MR. WALTZ:  Those — the talks with — with our Russian counterparts — both with my counterpart, the national security advisor; Secretary Rubio’s counterpart, the Foreign Minister, Foreign Minister Lavrov — you know, it — it really were — was quite broad, focused on what is the goals for our broader relationship, but very clear that the fighting has to stop to get to any of those brighter goals. 
     
    And as a first step, we’re just going to do some commonsense things, like restore the — the ability of both of our embassies to function. 
     
    And, again, you know, this is — this was common sense.  In — in foreign policy world, they call it “shuttle diplomacy.”  We have to talk to both sides in order to get to both sides to the table, and both sides have said only President Trump could do that. 
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Diana.
     
    Q    Thank you.  And my question is for Mike Waltz.  (Laughter.)
     
    MR. WALTZ:  All right.
     
    Q    The president has called Zelenskyy a dictator.  Does he view Putin as a dictator? 
     
    And does he want Zelenskyy out of power?  I know he’s called for elections. 
     
    And then, thirdly, the head of the Defense Committee in Ukraine’s parliament just has claimed that the U.S. has stopped selling weapons to Ukraine.  Is that true?
     
    MR. WALTZ:  Well, most of our weapons that have gone to Ukraine have been part of a drawdown authority, where we’ve literally taken them out of our stocks and then, eventually, through appropriations, started buying them again to refill our stocks. 
     
    I’ll, you know, just state that there has been a lag in a lot of that process.  So, many of our stocks, as we look at our operations around the world, are becoming more depleted.  That’s one of the reasons many people have had a lot of concern about: When does this end?  How much is it going to take?  How many lives will be lost?  How much will we be — how much will we spend? 
     
    As a member of Congress, we repeatedly asked the Biden administration those questions, and we never got a satisfactory answer. 
     
    Look, President Trump is obviously very frustrated right now with President Zelenskyy — the fact that — that he hasn’t come to the table, that he hasn’t been willing to take this opportunity that we have offered.  I think he eventually will get to that point, and I hope so very quickly.
     
    But President Trump is — as we made clear to our Russian counterparts, and I want to make clear today — he’s focused on stopping the fighting and moving forward.  And we could argue all day long about what’s happened in the past. 
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Reagan.
     
    Q    Thanks.  I have a question for Stephen —
     
    (Cross-talk.)
     
    Q    — and a question for Mike.
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Excuse me, I just called on Reagan.  Reagan, go ahead. 
     
    Q    I have a question for Stephen and a question for Mike. 
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Sure.
     
    Q    Stephen, I can start with you.  There have been reports —
     
    MR. MILLER:  Thank you.
     
    Q    — that Trump is unhappy with the rate of deportations and he wants them to be higher.  Is the president happy with the rate of deportations, and are there any plans to speed up the process?
     
    MR. MILLER:  Well, first of all, we all appreciate the encouragement from the media to deport as many illegal aliens as humanly possible.  So, thank you. 
     
    And I will promise you that the full might of the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, the Department of Defense, and every element and instrument of national power will be used to remove, with speed, all criminal illegals from the soil of the United States of America, to enforce final removal orders, and to ensure that this country is for American citizens and those who legally belong in this country.
     
    We inherited an ICE that was completely shuttered.  We inherited a Department of Homeland Security whose sole mission was to resettle illegal aliens within the United States of America. 
     
    In 30 days, the president sealed the border shut, declared the cartels to be terrorist organizations, has increased ICE deportations to levels not seen in decades, and we are shortly on the verge of achieving a pace and speed of deportations this country has never before seen. 
     
    Thank you. 
     
    Q    And Mike.
     
    MR. WALTZ:  Mm-hmm.
     
    Q    There have been reports that there’s some underground opposition to Trump’s pick for Undersecretary of Defense for Policy, Elbridge Colby.  Have you or anyone from the administration been personally lobbying senators to support Elbridge Colby? 
     
    MR. WALTZ:  Look, I’ve worked with Bridge Co- — Colby in the past.  He has the president’s full support to be the Undersecretary of policy, which will be a critical policy arm for Secretary Hegseth going forward that will implement a lot of these policies. 
     
    And — and really, that’s — that’s been the extent of it.  I think there’s been a lot of kind of, you know, breathless — I don’t know — back-and-forth in the — in the press, but we’re full speed ahead to get the president’s team in place so we can implement his America First policy. 
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Thank you.  Mike has spoken pretty extensively.  Does anybody have questions for Stephen or for Mr. Hassett?
     
    Q    I do.
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Nobody wants to talk about the economy?  (Laughter.)
     
    (Cross-talk.)
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Sure. 
     
    Q    IRS.
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  IRS.  Okay.  Go ahead.
     
    Q    And this would be for either one of you.  So, we have reported, several other outlets have reported that about 3,500 people are due to be — lose their jobs at the IRS by the end of the week.  If the goal of these spending cuts across the federal government has been to reduce the debt, why impose some of the deepest cuts we’ve seen so far at the agency responsible for raising revenue for the federal government?
     
    MR. HASSETT:  Well, I think our objective is to make sure that the employees that we pay are being productive and effective.  And there are many, many — more than 100,000 people working to collect taxes, and not all of them are fully occupied.  And the Treasury secretary is studying the matter and feels like 3,500 is a small number and probably can get bigger, especially as we improve the IT at the IRS.
     
    And so — so, I think that it’s absolutely something that is on the table for good reasons.  And the point is that — don’t just talk about the IRS.  Talk about all of government, that there are so many places — I live in D.C.; you maybe live in D.C. — where you never — there — nobody — nobody is going into the buildings.  People aren’t commuting because nobody is doing their job.  We look back and we see that there are all these people doing two jobs while they’re getting a government payroll — on the payroll. 
     
    So, the point is, we’re fixing that, and the IRS is a small part of that picture. 
     
    Q    So, you’re saying that everybody who’s being let go was doing a bad job?
    MR. HASSETT:  I’m saying that we’re studying every agency and deciding who to let go and why, and we’re doing so very rationally with a lot of support from analysis. 
     
    Q    Because we’re being told by a lot of people who have been let go at other agencies that they were told they were being dismissed because of poor performance, when, in some cases, they haven’t even had a performance review yet because they’ve only been on the job a couple of months. 
     
    MR. HASSETT:  Yeah, I’ve never seen a person who was laid off for poor performance say that they were performing poorly.  (Laughter.)  Okay?
    Q    Karoline.
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Good point.  Sure, Kaitlan.
     
    Q    I have a question.  I’ll start with you, Kevin Hassett.  Thank you for being here.  And then I’ve got a question for Mr. Waltz.
     
    On these potential checks that you might send out from DOGE, is there a concern, as you’re thinking through this, that they could be inflationary?
     
    MR. HASSETT:  Oh, absolutely not, because imagine if we don’t spend government money and we give it back to people, then the — you know, if they spend it all, then you’re even.  But they’re probably going to save a lot of it, in which case, you’re reducing inflation. 
     
    Q    Okay.  So, you’re not —
     
    MR. HASSETT:  And also, when the government spends a lot, that’s what creates inflation.  We learned that from Joe Biden.  And so, if we reduce government spending, then that’s — you know, reduces inflation.  And if you give people money, then they’re going to save a bunch of it.  And — and when they save it, then that also reduces demand and reduces inflation. 
     
    Q    Okay.  So, you’re not worried about it. 
     
    MR. HASSETT:  No, I’m not.
     
    Q    And, Mr. Waltz, to follow up on Peter’s question, you wrote in an op-ed in the fall of 2023 that, quote, “Putin is to blame, certainly, like al Qaeda was to blame for 9/11.”
     
    MR. WALTZ:  Mm-hmm.
     
    Q    Do you still feel that way now, or do you share the president’s assessment, as he says Ukraine is to blame for the start of this war?
     
    MR. WALTZ:  Well, it shouldn’t surprise you that I share the president’s assessment on all kinds of issues.  What I wrote as a Member of Congress is — was as a former Member of Congress. 
     
    Look, what I share the president’s assessment on is that the war has to end.  And what comes with that?  What comes with that should be, at some point, elections.  What comes with that should be peace.  What comes with that is prosperity that we’ve just offered in this natural resources and economic partnership arrangement: an end to the killing and European security and security for the world.  The President is not only determined to do that in Europe, he’s determined to do it in the Middle East. 
     
    And just a few months ago, we had an administration that had tried for 15 months, week after week, sitting with you here, and couldn’t get us to a ceasefire, couldn’t get our hostages out.  Now we’re at that point.  We’re back to the maximum pressure on Iran.
     
    And we will — we have just begun, and we will drive towards a ceasefire and all of those other steps.  I’m not going to pre-negotiate or get ahead of the sequencing of all of that.  It’s a very delicate situation. 
     
    But this is a president of peace.  And who here would argue against peace?
     
    Q    Okay.  So, you do share that assessment. 
     
    And can I follow up.  In 2017 —
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  No.  Go ahead, Jordan.
     
    Q    — then-President Trump —
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Go ahead, Jordan. 
     
    Q    Can I just follow up really quickly?
     
    Q    Thank you.  So —
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  You just had two questions, Kaitlan.
     
    Q    May I — can I just —
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Jordan, go ahead. 
     
    Q    Mr. — Mr. Hassett —
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Thank you.
     
    Q    I have an important follow-up for Mike Waltz.
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Jordan, go ahead.  Go ahead.
     
    Q    So, Mr. Hassett, you were speaking about tariff revenue, and you also addressed a question about the R- — IRS.  President Trump has spoken about replacing income tax with tariff revenue, especially with all this waste, fraud, and abuse that we’re seeing cut.  Is that a possibility?
     
    MR. HASSETT:  Absolutely.  And, in fact, if you think about the China tariff revenue that we’re estimating is coming in from the 10 percent that we just added, plus the de minimis thing, that it’s between $500 billion and a trillion dollars over 10 years, is our estimate.  And that’s something that is outside of the reductions that markets are seeing through the negotiations up on the Hill.
     
    And so, we expect that the tariff revenue is actually going to make it much easier for Republicans to pass a bill, and that was the President’s plan all along. 
     
    Thank you.
     
    Q    And I — I have a question for Stephen Miller about DOGE.  So, you — you spoke about DOGE.  You said roughly $50 billion is set to be cut in a year of waste, fraud, and abuse by unelected bureaucrats.  We’re hearing this ironic narrative from the President’s critics and the left-wing media that Elon Musk is an unelected bureaucrat, and he’s doing all this terrible stuff.  Isn’t one of DOGE’s objectives to get — get rid of the federal bureaucracy, the — the deep state?  And also, who was running the White House when Joe Biden was in office —
     
    MR. MILLER:  (Laughs.)
     
    Q    — because I don’t know a single person who believes it was Joe Biden? 
     
    MR. MILLER:  Yes.  You’re — you’re tempting me to say — (laughs) — some very harsh things about some of our media friends.  The — yes, it is true that many of the people in this room, for four years, failed to cover the fact that Joe Biden was mentally incompetent and was not running the country. 
     
    It is also true that many people in this room who have used this talking point that Elon is not elected fail to understand how government works.  So, I’m glad for the opportunity for a brief civics lesson. 
     
    A president is elected by the whole American people.  He’s the only official in the entire government that is elected by the entire nation.  Right?  Judges are appointed.  Members of Congress are elected at the district or state level.  Just one man. 
     
    And the Constitution, Article Two, has a clause, known as the vesting clause, and it says, “The executive power shall be vested in a president,” singular.  The whole will of democracy is imbued into the elected president.  That president then appoints staff to then impose that democratic will onto the government. 
     
    The threat to democracy — indeed, the existential threat to democracy — is the unelected bureaucracy of lifetime, tenured civil servants who believe they answer to no one, who believe they can do whatever they want without consequence, who believe they can set their own agenda no matter what Americans vote for. 
     
    So, Americans vote for radical FBI reform, and FBI agents say they don’t want to change.  Or Americans vote for radical reform in our energy policies, but EPA bureaucrats say they don’t want to change.  Or Americans vote to end DEI — racist DEI policies, and lawyers in the Department of Justice say they don’t want to change. 
     
    What President Trump is doing is he is removing federal bureaucrats who are defying democracy by failing to implement his lawful orders, which are the will of the whole American people. 
     
    Thank you. 
     
    Q    Thanks, Stephen.  Can I follow up?
     
    Q    Karoline.
     
    MS. LEAVITT:  Thank you very much, everybody.  I’m looking at the clock.  We’ve almost had an hour of time. 
     
    (Cross-talk.)

    LEAVITT:  I know a couple of these individuals have a meeting to get to at 2:00 p.m.  So, you’re welcome to follow up with my team for further questions.  We’re going to let these guys get back to running the United States government.
     
    And we will see you all later.  President Trump will be speaking at 3 o’clock at the Black History Month reception.
     
    So, thank you.  It’s good to see you.  We’ll see you in a bit.  Thanks.
     
    Q    Are you going to the Black History Month reception, Mr. Miller?
     
    Q    Stephen, on the fraud.  Should we expect indictments?
     
    Q    What is your reaction to Mitch McConnell’s retirement?
     
    Q    Are there indictments coming for all the fraud we’ve found?
     
         MR. MILLER:  I’d love to follow up with you.  Just set up a time with Karoline.
     
         Q    Okay.  Thank you. 
     
    END                   1:56 P.M. EST

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI New Zealand: Tech and Security – New Zealand’s digital wellbeing ranking declines with the biggest setback in internet affordability

    Source: SurfShark

    The Digital Quality of Life Index is an annual study that ranks 121 countries by their digital wellbeing based on 5 core pillars: internet quality, internet affordability, e-security, e-infrastructure, and e-government                                

    Surfshark’s Digital Quality of Life Index (DQL) 2024 ranks New Zealand 32nd in the world. The study indicates how well the country is performing in terms of overall digital wellbeing compared to other nations. New Zealand dropped by five places from last year, which suggests the commitment to develop the digital landscape and position the country as a leader in leveraging technological advancements to improve citizens’ quality of life has slowed down. (ref. https://surfshark.com/research/dql )

    “In an election year like 2024, where the digital realm shaped political discourse and societal values, prioritizing digital quality of life proved to be more important than ever. It helps to ensure informed citizens, protects democratic processes, and fosters innovation. Our annual project helps to better understand where each county stands in terms of digital divide, highlighting where a nation’s digital quality of life excels and where further focus is required,” says x, Surfshark’s spokesperson.

    Out of the Index’s five pillars, New Zealand performed best in e-infrastructure, claiming 19th place, but faced challenges in e-security, ranking 36th. The nation ranks 23rd in e-government, 30th in internet affordability, and 35th in internet quality. In the overall Index, New Zealand surpasses Australia (37th) but lags behind the UK (9th). In Oceania, New Zealand takes 1st place and leads the region.    

    New Zealand ranks higher in e-government than 81% of the countries analyzed, with 98 countries falling below it.       

    E-government determines how advanced and digitized a country’s government services are. A well-developed e-government helps minimize bureaucracy, reduce corruption, and increase transparency within the public sector. This pillar also shows the level of Artificial Intelligence (AI) readiness a country demonstrates. Countries with the highest readiness to adopt AI technology are also ready to counter national cyberthreats. New Zealand ranks 23rd in the world in e-government — nine places lower than last year.

    New Zealand is 36th in the world in e-security — same as last year.  

    The e-security pillar measures how well a country is prepared to counter cybercrime and how advanced a country’s data protection laws are. New Zealand outperforms Australia, which ranks 42nd, but lags behind the UK, which takes 23rd place in the e-security pillar. New Zealand is prepared to fight against cybercrime; the country has good data protection laws.     

    “New Zealand has robust data protection laws, with its Privacy Acts sharing key similarities with the GDPR — one of the world’s strictest data protection frameworks. Both regulate data collection, usage, and transfers; however, unlike the GDPR, New Zealand’s Privacy Acts do not emphasize consent or address rights such as data erasure, objection, portability, or DPIAs. On the other hand, they provide more detailed guidelines for information sharing with public agencies. Despite strong data protection laws, improving New Zealand’s ability to combat cybercrime remains an important area for growth. A 2024 study by telecommunications company Kordia highlighted vulnerabilities affecting businesses, including third-party vendor failures, cloud misconfigurations, and security lapses. Strengthening e-security will be key to enhancing New Zealand’s digital quality of life in the future,” says x, Surfshark’s representative.

    New Zealand’s internet quality is 17% higher than the global average.                                              

    New Zealand’s fixed internet averages 240Mbps. To put that into perspective, the world’s fastest fixed internet — Singapore’s — is 347Mbps. Meanwhile, the slowest fixed internet in the world — Tunisia’s — is 14Mbps.

    New Zealand’s mobile internet averages 152Mbps. The fastest mobile internet — the UAE’s — is 430Mbps, while the world’s slowest mobile internet — Yemen’s — is 12Mbps.

    Compared to Australia, New Zealand’s mobile internet is 5% slower, while fixed broadband is 115% faster. Since last year, mobile internet speed in New Zealand has improved by 19%, while fixed broadband speed has grown by 9%.  

    Despite the setback, the internet is affordable in New Zealand compared to other countries.        

    New Zealanders have to work 1 hour 15 minutes a month to afford fixed broadband internet. While this is less than average, it is 5 times more than in Bulgaria, which has the world’s most affordable fixed internet (Bulgarians have to work 14 minutes a month to afford it). 

     
    New Zealanders have to work 51 minutes 19 seconds a month to afford mobile internet. This is 4 times more than in Angola, which has the world’s most affordable mobile internet (Angolans have to work 9 minutes a month to afford it).              

    “This year’s Digital Quality of Life (DQL) ranking revealed a decline in New Zealand’s internet affordability. And DQL is not the only research that highlights this — recent research from Cable.co.uk placed New Zealand 128th globally for broadband affordability. The average monthly broadband cost in New Zealand was reported at NZD 82 — a staggering twenty times higher than Sudan, which topped the list as the most affordable. An expert from Cable.co.uk also noted that the high cost of broadband in developed nations like New Zealand is not necessarily due to the expense of deploying advanced infrastructure but is often influenced by higher earnings and market conditions. To improve its overall digital quality of life, New Zealand may need to look deeper into enhancing its internet affordability,” says x, Surfshark’s representative.

    New Zealand is 19th in e-infrastructure.  

    Advanced e-infrastructure makes it easy for people to use the internet for various daily activities, such as working, studying, shopping, etc. This pillar evaluates how high internet penetration is in a given country, as well as its network readiness (readiness to take advantage of Information and Communication Technologies). New Zealand’s internet penetration is high (96% — 14th in the world), and the country ranks 23rd in network readiness.

    On a global scale, investing in e-government and e-infrastructure improves digital wellbeing the most.                                      

    Among the five pillars, e-government has the strongest correlation with the DQL Index (0.92), followed by e-infrastructure (0.91); internet affordability shows the weakest correlation at 0.65.        

    METHODOLOGY

    The DQL Index 2024 examines 121 nations based on five core pillars that consist of 14 indicators. The study is based on the United Nations’ open-source information, the World Bank, and other sources. New Zealand’s full profile in the 2024 Digital Quality of Life report and an interactive country comparison tool can be found here: https://surfshark.com/research/dql/country/NZ

    NOTES

    Surfshark is a cybersecurity company focused on developing humanized privacy and security solutions. The Surfshark One suite includes one of the very few VPNs audited by independent security experts, an officially certified antivirus, a private search tool, and a data leak alert system. Surfshark is recognized as the Tech Advisor’s Editor’s Choice for 2024. For more research projects, visit our research hub at: surfshark.com/research

    MIL OSI New Zealand News

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: Signs of ‘Historic Progress’ towards Peace Emerge, Central African Republic’s Delegate Tells Security Council, Requesting Donor Support for 2025 Elections

    Source: United Nations General Assembly and Security Council

    UN Official Notes Fragility in Border Areas despite Overall Security Improvement

    The Central African Republic has made significant progress towards the 2025 elections, the head of the United Nations peacekeeping mission in the country told the Security Council today, while also noting overall security improvements and persistent fragility in border areas.

    Valentine Rugwabiza, Secretary-General’s Special Representative and Head of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA), emphasized that the upcoming electoral cycle represents a historic opportunity to lay the foundation for decentralized governance.  Recently, national authorities along with MINUSCA’s support were able to register 570,000 new voters and had opened the first-ever multiservice post at the country’s border with Chad.

    However, despite this important progress, serious pockets of insecurity persist, particularly in areas where armed groups try to control mining sites and transhumance corridors, she continued.  Implementation of the national border-management policy requires additional support as the conflict in Sudan also threatens to spill over.  While welcoming the dissolution of 9 out of 14 armed groups who signed the Political Agreement for Peace and Reconciliation six years ago, she also said that more needs to be done — in collaboration with regional partners — to facilitate the return of armed group leaders and ensure their disarmament.

    On the human rights front, she urged the Government to launch the Truth, Justice, Reparation and Reconciliation Commission, through the appointment of its new commissioners.  “If left unaddressed, [human rights] crimes could undermine the hard-earned security gains and further erode social cohesion,” she warned. Paying tribute to a 29-year-old Tunisian peacekeeper recently killed in an ambush in Bamingui-Bangoran, she urged the authorities to bring the perpetrators to justice.

    “We need your support to build a stronger and more inclusive economy in the Central African Republic,” said Portia Deya Abazene, President of the Federation of Women Entrepreneurs of the Central African Republic, via video link.  Despite the adoption of international conventions and a constitution guaranteeing equal rights, “harmful practices continue to hinder the progress of women in [Central African Republic]”, she said, highlighting the low representation of women in leadership positions.  Women represent only 15.52 per cent of business owners in certain sectors and face constraints in accessing land, means of production, education, financing, markets and decent employment.

    Women Key to Economic Development

    Ms. Abazene’s organization provides a space for experience-sharing among women entrepreneurs at the local level, as well as training programmes in leadership, management, financial education and digital marketing.  “The achievements of Central African women in entrepreneurship are the result of their determination and political will,” she underscored, calling for policies promoting female entrepreneurship and easier access to financing.  “The Central African Republic will not reach its potential as long as more than 51 per cent of its population” —  women —  continue to be marginalized, she said. 

    Council members emphasized the need to address human rights violations in the country, urged its authorities to seize the opportunity to hold credible elections, and highlighted MINUSCA’s vital role in helping to expand State authority.  Several speakers, however, offered differing views on the root causes of Bangui’s instability.

    United States, United Kingdom, Russian Federation Trade Barbs 

    “It is clear that Kremlin-backed actors, purporting to be security partners, are undercutting Central African Republic’s authorities and undermining peace with the primary goal of stealing [Central African Republic] resources without contributing to its development,” said the representative of the United States. . “It is unacceptable that a member of this Council continues to disseminate disinformation that diminishes the credibility and effectiveness of MINUSCA,” he added, expressing serious concern over the violation of the Status of Forces Agreement, namely the blocking of MINUSCA fuel trucks.

    The United Kingdom’s delegate said his country has information “that proxies directed by the Russian State have plans to interfere with [Central African Republic] elections, including through suppressing political voices and conducting disinformation campaigns to interfere in political debate”.  They are acting without regard for the country’s sovereignty and jeopardizing the dedicated UN role, he said.  Also highlighting reports of Wagner Ti Azande and other armed groups committing atrocities against civilians, he called on all actors to the conflict to uphold their obligations under international law.

    The representative of the Russian Federation said that, given the considerable security improvements in the Central African Republic, it is “surprising” that the United States and United Kingdom continue “whipping the dead horse of their campaign to smear” her country.  This campaign has run out of steam.  Moscow remains committed to cooperating with Bangui to achieve lasting peace and security.  As far as the security situation, she expressed concerns for the area bordering Sudan, which has become an “additional burden” of human rights concerns.  Successful municipal elections in July will be a “milestone on the road to peaceful life” in the Central African Republic.

    The representative of China, Council President for February, speaking in his national capacity, said the situation in the country “is good, in general”, with progress in enhancing governance capacity and consolidating political gains.  MINUSCA must prioritize support for election preparations, he said, adding that the international community should avoid undue external interference.

    Democratic, Inclusive, Fair Elections

    The representative of Somalia, also speaking for Algeria, Guyana and Sierra Leone, welcomed the inauguration of “the first-ever multiservice border post in the Central African Republic” built with MINUSCA’s support. Despite security, logistical and financial challenges — preparations towards local, legislative and presidential elections are progressing.  Emphasizing the need for open and constructive dialogue between the Government and opposition parties, he also called for “concerted” efforts to ensure that all eligible citizens are registered to vote.  “We wish to underline that the success of the local election process is essential for the strengthening of direct democracy, legitimacy, local development and the extension of State authority throughout the national territory,” he added.

    Other speakers also said that the upcoming elections were a unique opportunity for the Central African Republic, with Panama’s delegate emphasizing that 2025 is a “pivotal year” for Bangui.  “These will be the first local elections in more than three decades,” he said, urging the Government to guarantee that “these elections will be carried out in a peaceful environment”.  Slovenia’s delegate said that, while local elections can signify a major step in the further decentralization of the country, they “will only be considered credible and democratic, if all eligible voters are able to register and cast their vote, including women, youth, minorities, internally displaced persons, returnees and refugees”.

    Fear of Sudan Conflict Spillover

    Joining others in expressing concern over the spillover of the conflict in Sudan, the representative of the Republic of Korea said that the presence of the Rapid Support Forces — a paramilitary group in Sudan — in the Central African Republic “only brings more risk to the already-fragile landscape”.  Similarly, Greece’s representative said that recent gains in border-management policy “are undermined by the transiting of armed groups across the porous north-eastern region”.

    Pakistan’s delegate noted that his country had contributed 1,300 troops to MINUSCA and expressed concern over the shortfall in funding.  “As of 4 February, unpaid assessed contributions to the Special Account for MINUSCA amounted to $570.7 million,” he said.  Other Council members also stressed the need to provide financial and material support for the Central African Republic, with France’s delegate noting that Paris has allocated €2 million to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for Bangui’s upcoming elections, and €200,000 to enable the country’s Special Criminal Court to function.  Peacebuilding “depends on progress achieved in combating impunity”, he stressed.

    The representative of the Central African Republic, detailing his country’s “considerable progress in pursuing peace” since the signing of the 2019 peace agreement, reported that 9 of 14 armed groups have dissolved, 7,000 combatants have disarmed and demobilized, and 20,000 weapons of various calibres have been collected.  “This is a sign of historic progress,” he stressed, while noting the “one major challenge” remaining — “the complete eradication of isolated armed groups, which continue to carry out atrocities against civilians”.  To the armed groups that remain, he underscored:  “The door for dialogue remains wide open.”

    He went on to stress:  “Insecurity directly threatens the democratic process that we intend to consolidate.” Noting that the crisis is Sudan is seriously impacting his own, he called on the international community to support Bangui’s forces; provide training, logistical and intelligence support; and strengthen MINUSCA’s mandate so the Mission can be more proactive in addressing security threats.  And for the ongoing electoral process — “a fundamental pillar for stability and lasting peace” — he appealed for financial support amounting to $7 million. “By supporting this process, the international community will be directly contributing to peace and development in our country,” he said.

    MIL OSI United Nations News

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: Speech by SJ at 8th IBA Asia Pacific Regional Forum Biennial Conference (English only)

    Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

         Following is the speech by the Secretary for Justice, Mr Paul Lam, SC, at the 8th IBA Asia Pacific Regional Forum Biennial Conference today (February 20): Mr Menzer (Vice-President of the International Bar Association (IBA), Mr Jorg Menzer), Mr Dhillon (Co-Chair of the IBA Asia Pacific Regional Forum Mr Dinesh Dhillon), Mr Liu (Co-Chair of the IBA Asia Pacific Regional Forum Mr David Liu), Winnie (Secretary of the IBA Asia Pacific Regional Forum and co-chair of the conference, Ms Winnie Tam, SC), other friends from the IBA, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen,      Good evening. I wish to begin by thanking the organiser, in particular, my good friend Winnie, for inviting me to this dinner. I also wish to congratulate the conference co-chairs and the conference organising committee for hosting this eighth edition of the International Bar Association Asia Pacific Regional Forum Biennial Conference. I was told that more than 360 persons coming from 36 jurisdictions have signed up for the conference. Apart from 20 jurisdictions in the Asia Pacific region (including the Mainland and Hong Kong), we have friends coming from South Asia, Central Asia, Europe, North and South America, as well as Africa.      In 2008, Hong Kong hosted the IBA Asia Pacific Forum with the theme “New focus of international business: Asia, the centre stage”. Time flies. As at today (February 20, 2025), what had been described as the “new focus” back in 2008, 17 years ago has become the “main focus”.      In these circumstances, the theme of this conference is most pertinent, namely “Vibrant Asia – Land of opportunity and promise”. This theme, of course, applies to Hong Kong, being one of the major international cities in Asia. But I wish to be more specific tonight by spending the next 15 minutes or so to convince you why, from the legal perspective, Hong Kong is a land of opportunity and promise.      The short answer is that, as we always say, Hong Kong serves as the “super connector” and “super value-adder” between China and the rest of the world. We perform such roles by making use of our unique strengths and advantages under the principle of “one country, two systems”. One of these unique strengths and advantages is that we have very strong rule of law based on our common law system. You may wonder: there are many jurisdictions in the world including Asia, which practise the common law; what is so special about Hong Kong’s common law system? My answer is that there are at least six key characteristics of our common law system which, when combined together, have rendered our legal system unparalleled.     First, our legal system is very stable. Hong Kong is the only common law jurisdiction in China. The continuation of the common law system is guaranteed by various provisions in the Basic Law which implements the fundamental national policy of “one country, two systems”. It is most significant to note that, in his speech delivered on July 1, 2022, at the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), President Xi Jinping made it crystal clear that the principle of “one country, two systems” is a good policy that must be adhered to in the long run. Equally important is that he mentioned the common law twice in his speech. Apart from acknowledging the contribution of the common law to the success of Hong Kong since China’s resumption of sovereignty over Hong Kong on July 1, 1997, he said that “The Central Government fully supports Hong Kong in its effort … to maintain the common law …”. More recently, on December 20, 2024, at the celebration of the 25th anniversary of Macao’s return to the motherland, President Xi repeated that “one country, two systems” is a good system that sustains the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao. He also pointed out that the values embodied in the principle of “one country, two systems”, namely, peace, inclusiveness, openness and sharing are relevant to not only China but also the whole world.     Second, our legal system is very credible and reliable. In particular, we have an utmost reputable and independent judiciary. The Basic Law provides that our courts shall enjoy the independent power of adjudication and also that our Court of Final Appeal (CFA) shall enjoy the power of final adjudication. There are also express provisions which guarantee judicial independence. For example, judges in Hong Kong are appointed on the recommendation of an independent commission, with the only criteria considered being their judicial and professional quality. Non-permanent judges from other common law jurisdictions of the highest calibre have been invited to sit on our CFA. The most recent appointee, former Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Australia, Mr Justice Allsop, came to Hong Kong last week to hear his first case. The judgments of our courts, in particular those of the CFA, are often cited in other common law jurisdictions. All court hearings, subject to very few exceptions, are conducted openly; and court judgments are always published. These measures enable people to see that judges have in fact discharged their duties independently without any improper interference. A strong piece of evidence, which I will mention with great reluctance, is that in litigation involving the Government, the Secretary for Justice was, on some occasions, not the successful party. The integrity and quality of our judiciary is never in doubt.      Third, our legal system provides a very safe and secure environment. Fundamental human rights and freedoms based on international standards set by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, as well as private property rights, are fully protected by Hong Kong law. Our law enforcement agencies and regulatory bodies, such as the Police, the ICAC (Independent Commission Against Corruption), the SFC (Securities and Futures Commission), always enforce the relevant laws strictly and fairly. In this respect, it is very important to note that we have consistently been ranked as one of the least corrupt places in the world. According to the Corruption Perceptions Index 2024 released by Transparency International very recently on February 11, 2025, Hong Kong ranks 17 out of 180 jurisdictions, well ahead of many Western developed countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom.      Fourth, our legal system is very user-friendly. It is the only bilingual common law system using both English and Chinese. This is important because English is the linqua franca of the international business community. Our laws (both substantive and procedural) are aligned with prevailing international practices, and hence are familiar to the international community. For example, our Arbitration Ordinance is based on the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law. In the latest World Competitiveness Yearbook 2024 published by the International Institute for Management Development in June 2024, Hong Kong ranked first in “Business legislation”.      Furthermore, we strive to update our laws continuously to ensure that they will meet the demand of the latest developments and trends around the world. Let me give two examples. We have just completed a consultation in relation to the proposed amendments to the Copyright Ordinance to cater for the fast development of AI generated works. Second, a draft legislation is now being considered by our Legislative Council which aims at creating a regulatory regime for the issuance and offers of stablecoins.      Fifth, our legal system is well connected to both the Mainland and other parts of the world. With the strong support of the Central Government, Hong Kong has signed nine mutual legal assistance arrangements in civil and commercial matters with the Mainland covering three main areas: first, procedural assistance on, for example, service of judicial documents and taking of evidence; second, arbitration-related assistance; and third, reciprocal recognition and enforcement of civil and commercial judgments. These MLA (mutual legal assistance) arrangements give Hong Kong an advantage that is unavailable in other jurisdictions.      In this respect, it is necessary to mention the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), which consist of nine cities in the Guangdong Province, the HKSAR and the Macao SAR. The population of the GBA has exceeded 86 million; its size is similar to Croatia; its total GDP has already exceeded Australia and is among the top 10 in the world. It is the home of giant tech companies such as Tencent and BYD. Great efforts have been made to harmonise the rules and regulations in the three different legal territories in the GBA. For example, to promote and facilitate the use of mediation to resolve civil and commercial disputes in the GBA, there is now a uniform set of rules on mediation and also a consolidated panel of GBA mediators. Furthermore, important measures have been introduced to give business entities the option to use Hong Kong law in their contracts, and choose Hong Kong as the place for arbitration when they set up their businesses in the GBA. Just last Friday (February 14), the Supreme People’s Court and the Ministry of Justice of the People’s Republic of China announced that Hong Kong-invested enterprises registered in any of the nine Mainland cities in the GBA may choose Hong Kong as the seat of arbitration. And for enterprises registered in Shenzhen or Zhuhai, they may also choose to use Hong Kong law as the governing law of their commercial contracts. These additional options will certainly create more demands and, hence, opportunities for legal practitioners in Hong Kong.      Sixth and lastly, we have very strong legal professionals and dispute resolution institutions with high expertise and vast experience in providing legal and dispute resolution services involving Mainland and international elements. A very important point is that, while most of our lawyers are very good at handling international legal issues, at the same time, they are also proficient in both Chinese and English, and have intimate knowledge of the Chinese culture and business practices. According to the latest statistics updated to February 20, 2025, published by the Law Society of Hong Kong, 299 law firms have overseas offices, and 86 have representative offices in the Mainland. Because of these strong Mainland and international connections, by engaging a Hong Kong lawyer or law firm, the client would in effect be able to obtain a one-stop legal service regarding different jurisdictions.      Our dispute resolution bodies are of course very popular and well regarded worldwide. According to the statistics published by the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) (the main arbitral institution in Hong Kong), in 2024, 352 new arbitration cases were submitted to the HKIAC, with the total amount in dispute reaching approximately US$13.6 billion. Both figures represent a record high for the HKIAC. Parties from 53 jurisdictions participated in these arbitrations. In 86 per cent of these cases, at least one of the parties was not from Hong Kong; and in 14.5 per cent of these cases, neither party came from Asia. These figures demonstrate and reinforce Hong Kong’s status as a world class leading and popular international arbitration centre.      As there are many friends from the Mainland and other countries here tonight, I wish to stress that we adopt a very open policy and welcome lawyers from other jurisdictions to practise here in appropriate circumstances. As a matter of fact, there are already 83 foreign law firms and 1 571 foreign registered lawyers practising in Hong Kong. On the other hand, King’s Counsel from England come to Hong Kong from time to time on an ad hoc basis to appear in difficult and complex litigations.      Turning to arbitration, we place no restriction at all on the nationalities or professional qualifications of the parties, legal advisers or arbitrators to participate in arbitral proceedings in Hong Kong. As a further step to facilitate people from other places to take part in arbitrations in Hong Kong, starting from next month, individuals participating in arbitrations in Hong Kong may do so without the need to obtain any employment visa. These individuals include not only to parties to the arbitration, arbitrators and counsel, but also expert and factual witnesses, tribunal secretaries, and tribunal-appointed experts. And it does not matter that the seat of arbitration is indeed somewhere else so long as the arbitral proceedings take place physically in Hong Kong.      While I am very confident that Hong Kong’s legal system is unparalleled, and provides abundant opportunities to legal practitioners from not just Hong Kong but also the Mainland and other parts of the world, we recognise that there is no room for complacency. Therefore, we will spare no effort to further promote Hong Kong as an international legal and dispute resolution services centre as well as a capacity building centre. I am excited to say that the signing ceremony of the international treaty regarding the establishment of the International Organization for Mediation (IoMED) will take place in Hong Kong later this year. The establishment of the IoMED is the result of successful negotiations between China and a number of friendly states. Its headquarters will be located in Hong Kong, and it will be the world’s first intergovernmental international legal organisation dedicated to resolving international disputes of different natures through mediation.      In addition, the Department of Justice established the Hong Kong International Legal Talents Training Academy last November which aims at providing capacity building programmes, organising practical training courses, and international exchange programmes to promote sharing of knowledge and experience among legal talents in the region and beyond.      I think I have said enough, and it is time for you to enjoy your well-deserved dinner. To my dear friends coming from overseas, I do hope that, apart from taking part in this conference, you will have some spare time to explore our wonderful city. Seeing is believing. I am very confident that you will be convinced that Hong Kong has remained to be a very open and vibrant society full of energy, hopes and opportunities, as is always the case.       I wish you all a very pleasant evening. Thank you.

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Answer to a written question – Publication of the report on the investigation into TikTok under the DSA ahead of the May 2025 presidential election campaign in Romania – P-000253/2025(ASW)

    Source: European Parliament

    On 17 December 2024, the Commission opened formal proceedings against TikTok[1], following the suspicion that the provider of this very large online platform may have breached the Digital Services Act (DSA)[2] in relation to its obligation to properly assess and mitigate systemic risks linked to election integrity, notably in the context of the Romanian presidential elections of 24 November 2024.

    After the formal opening of proceedings, the Commission continues to investigate the provider of TikTok’s compliance with the DSA, for example, by sending additional requests for information, conducting interviews and inspections, or taking additional monitoring actions, such as requesting access to algorithms.

    By means of a request for information, the Commission may require the provider of TikTok to provide data and documents it has been obliged to retain on the basis of the retention order issued by the Commission on 5 December 2024[3].

    The opening of formal proceedings empowers the Commission to take further enforcement steps, such as interim measures and non-compliance decisions.

    The Commission may also make any commitment offered by the provider of TikTok to ensure compliance with the DSA binding on such provider.

    For example, on 5 August 2024, the Commission had made TikTok’s commitments to permanently withdraw TikTok Lite Rewards programme from the EU binding[4].

    The DSA does not set any legal deadline for bringing formal proceedings to an end. The duration of an in-depth investigation depends on several factors, including the complexity of the case and the exercise of the rights of defence.

    Moreover, the opening of formal proceedings does not prejudge any other proceedings that the Commission may decide to initiate under the DSA.

    • [1] https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_6487
    • [2] https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32022R2065
    • [3] https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_6243
    • [4] https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_4161

    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Jennie Lee lecture – Arts for Everyone

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    Culture Secretary Lisa Nandy has today (Thursday 20 February 2025) made an inaugural lecture marking the 60th anniversary of the first ever arts white paper.

    In 2019, as Britain tore itself apart over Brexit, against a backdrop of growing nationalism, anger and despair I sat down with the film director Danny Boyle to talk about the London 2012 Olympics Opening Ceremony. 

    That moment was perhaps the only time in my lifetime that most of the nation united around an honest assessment of our history in all its light and dark, a celebration of the messy, complex, diverse nation we’ve become and a hopeful vision of the future. 

    Where did that country go? I asked him. He replied: it’s still there, it’s just waiting for someone to give voice to it.

    13 years later and we have waited long enough. In that time our country has found multiple ways to divide ourselves from one another. 

    We are a fractured nation where too many people are forced to grind for a living rather than strive for a better life. 

    Recent governments have shown violent indifference to the social fabric – the local, regional and national institutions that connect us to one another, from the Oldham Coliseum to Northern Rock, whose foundation sustained the economic and cultural life of the people of the North East for generations. 

    But this is not just an economic and social crisis, it is cultural too.

    We have lost the ability to understand one another. 

    A crisis of trust and faith in government and each other has destroyed the consensus about what is truthfully and scientifically valid. 

    Where is the common ground to be found on which a cohesive future can be forged? How can individuals make themselves heard and find self expression? Where is the connection to a sense of belonging to something larger than ourselves? 

    I thought about that conversation with Danny Boyle last summer when we glimpsed one version of our future. As violent thugs set our streets ablaze, a silent majority repelled by the racism and violence still felt a deep sense of unrest. In a country where too many people have been written off and written out of our national story. Where imagination, creation and contribution is not seen or heard and has no outlet, only anger, anxiety and disorder on our streets.

    There is that future. 

    Or there is us.

    That is why this country must always resist the temptation to see the arts as a luxury. The visual arts, music, film, theatre, opera, spoken word, poetry, literature and dance – are the building blocks of our cultural life, indispensable to the life of a nation, always, but especially now. 

    So much has been taken from us in this dark divisive decade but above all our sense of self-confidence as a nation. 

    But we are good at the arts. We export music, film and literature all over the world. We attract investment to every part of the UK from every part of the globe. We are the interpreters and the storytellers, with so many stories to tell that must be heard. 

    And despite everything that has been thrown at us, wherever I go in Britain I feel as much ambition for family, community and country as ever before. In the end, for all the fracture, the truth remains that our best hope… is each other.

    This is the country that George Orwell said “lies beneath the surface”. 

    And it must be heard. It is our intention that when we turn to face the nation again in four years time it will be one that is more self-confident and hopeful, not just comfortable in our diversity but a country that knows it is enriched by it, where everybody’s contribution is seen and valued and every single person can see themselves reflected in our national story. 

    You might wonder, when so much is broken, when nothing is certain, so much is at stake, why I am asking more of you now.

    John F Kennedy once said we choose to go to the moon in this decade not because it is easy but because it is hard.

    That is I think what animated the leaders of the post war period who, in the hardest of circumstances knew they had to forge a new nation from the upheaval of war. 

    And they reached for the stars.

    The Festival of Britain – which was literally built out of the devastation of war – on a bombed site on the South Bank, took its message to every town, city and village in the land and prioritised exhibitions that explored the possibilities of space and technology and allowed a devastated nation to gaze at the possibilities of the future. 

    So many of our treasured cultural institutions that still endure to this day emerged from the devastation of that war.

    The first Edinburgh Festival took place just a year after the war when – deliberately – a Jewish conductor led the Vienna Philharmonic, a visible symbol of the power of arts to heal and unite. 

    From the BBC to the British Film Institute, the arts have always helped us to understand the present and shape the future. 

    People balked when John Maynard Keynes demanded that a portion of the funding for the reconstruction of blitzed towns and cities must be spent on theatres and galleries. But he persisted, arguing there could be “no better memorial of a war to save the freedom of spirit of an individual”.

    Yes it took visionary political leaders. 

    But it also demanded artists and supporters of the arts who refused to be deterred by the economic woes of the country and funding in scarce supply, and without hesitation cast aside those many voices who believed the arts to be an indulgence.

    This was an extraordinary generation of artists and visionaries who understood their role was not to preserve the arts but to help interpret, shape and light the path to the future.

    Together they powered a truly national renaissance which paved the way for the woman we honour today – Jennie Lee – whose seminal arts white paper, the first Britain had ever had, was published 60 years ago this year. 

    It stated unequivocally the Wilson government’s belief in the power of the arts to transform society and to transform lives.

    Perhaps because of her belief in the arts in and of itself, which led to her fierce insistence that arts must be for everyone, everywhere – and her willingness to both champion and challenge the arts – she was – as her biographer Patricia Hollis puts it  – the first, the best known and the most loved of all Britain’s Ministers for the Arts.

    When she was appointed so many people sneered at her insistence on arts for everyone everywhere..

    And yet she held firm.

    That is why we are not only determined – but impassioned – to celebrate her legacy and consider how her insistence that culture was at the centre of a flourishing nation can help us today. 

    This is the first in what will be an annual lecture that gives a much needed platform to those voices who are willing to think and do differently and rise to this moment, to forge the future, written – as Benjamin Zephaniah said – in verses of fire.

    Because governments cannot do this alone. It takes a nation.

    And in that spirit, her spirit. I want to talk to you about why we need you now. What you can expect from us. And what we need from you. 

    George Bernard Shaw once wrote:

     “Imagination is the beginning of creation. 

    “you imagine what you desire,

    “you will what you imagine – 

    “and at last you create what you will.”

    That belief that arts matter in and of themselves, central to the chance to live richer, larger lives, has animated every Labour Government in history and animates us still. 

    As the Prime Minister said in September last year: “Everyone deserves the chance to be touched by art. Everyone deserves access to moments that light up their lives.

    “And every child deserves the chance to study the creative subjects that widen their horizons, provide skills employers do value, and prepares them for the future, the jobs and the world that they will inherit.”

    This was I think Jennie Lee’s central driving passion, that “all of our children should be given the kind of education that was the monopoly of the privileged few” – to the arts, sport, music and culture which help us grow as people and grow as a nation. 

    But who now in Britain can claim that this is the case? Whether it is the running down of arts subjects, the narrowing of the curriculum and the labelling of arts subjects as mickey mouse –  enrichment funding in schools eroded at the stroke of the pen or the closure of much-needed community spaces as council funding has been slashed. 

    Culture and creativity has been erased, from our classrooms and our communities. 

    Is it any wonder that the number of students taking arts GSCEs has dropped by almost half since 2010? 

    This is madness. At a time when the creative industries offer such potential for growth, good jobs and self expression in every part of our country  And a lack of skills acts as the single biggest brake on them…bar none, we have had politicians who use them as a tool in their ongoing, exhausting culture wars. 

    Our Cabinet, the first entirely state educated Cabinet in British history, have never accepted the chance to live richer, larger lives belongs only to some of us and I promise you that we never ever will. 

    That is why we wasted no time in launching a review of the curriculum, as part of our Plan for Change. 

    To put arts, music and creativity back at the heart of the education system.

    Where they belong. 

    And today I am delighted to announce the Arts Everywhere fund as a fitting legacy for Jennie Lee’s vision – over £270 million investment that will begin to fix the foundations of our arts venues, museums, libraries and heritage sector in communities across the country.

     We believe in them. And we will back them.

    Because as Abraham Lincoln once said, the dogmas of a quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present. 

    Jennie Lee lived by this mantra. So will we. 

    We are determined to escape the deadening debate about access or excellence which has haunted the arts ever since the formation of the early Arts Council. 

    The arts is an ecosystem, which thrives when we support the excellence that exists and use it to level up. 

    Like the RSC’s s “First Encounters” programme. Or the incredible Shakespeare North Playhouse in Knowsley where young people are first meeting with spoken word.

    When I watched young people from Knowsley growing in confidence, and dexterity, reimagining Shakespeare for this age and so, so at home in this amazing space it reminded me of my childhood.

    Because in so many ways I grew up in the theatre. My dad was on the board of the National, and as a child my sister and I would travel to London on the weekends we had with our dad to see some of the greatest actors and directors on earth – Helen Mirren, Alan Rickman, Tom Baker, Trevor Nunn and Sam Mendes. We saw Chekhov, Arthur Miller and Brecht reimagined by the National, the Donmar and the Royal Court.

    It was never, in our house, a zero-sum game. The thriving London scene was what inspired my parents and others to set up what was then the Corner House in Manchester, which is now known as HOME. 

    It inspired my sister to go on to work at the Royal Exchange in Manchester where she and I spent some of the happiest years of our lives watching tragedy and farce, comedy and social protest. 

    Because of this I love all of it – the sound, smell and feel of a theatre. I love how it makes me think differently about the world. And most of all I love the gift that our parents gave us, that we always believed these are places and spaces for us.

    I want every child in the country to have that feeling. Because Britain’s excellence in film, literature, theatre, TV, art, collections and exhibitions is a gift, it is part of our civic inheritance, that belongs to us all and as its custodians it is up to us to hand it down through the generations. 

    Not to remain static, but to create a living breathing bridge between the present, the past and the future.

    My dad, an English literature professor, once told me that the most common mistakes students make – including me – he meant me actually – was to have your eye on the question, not on the text. 

    So, with some considerable backchat in hand, I had a second go at an essay on Hamlet – why did Hamlet delay? – and came to the firm conclusion that he didn’t. That this is the wrong question. I say this not to start a debate on Hamlet, especially in this crowd, but to ask us to consider this:

    If the question is – how do we preserve and protect our arts institutions? Then access against excellence could perhaps make sense. I understand the argument, that to disperse excellence is somehow to diffuse it. 

    But If the question is – how to give a fractured nation back its self confidence? Then this choice becomes a nonsense. So it is time to turn the exam question on its head and reject this false choice. 

    Every person in this country matters. But while talent is everywhere, opportunity is not. This cannot continue. That is why our vision is not access or excellence but access to excellence. We will accept nothing less. This country needs nothing less. And thanks to organisations like the RSC we know it can be achieved.

    I was reflecting while I wrote this speech how at every moment of great upheaval it has been the arts that have helped us to understand the world, and shape the future. 

    From fashion, which as Eric Hobsbawm once remarked, was so much better at anticipating the shape of things to come than historians or politicians, to the angry young men and women in the 1950s and 60s – that gave us plays like Look Back in Anger – to the quiet northern working class rebellion of films like Saturday Night Sunday Morning, This Sporting Life and Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner. 

    Without the idea that excellence belongs to us all – this could never have happened. What was once considered working class, ethnic minority or regional – worse, in Jennie Lee’s time, it was called “the provinces” which she banned – thank God. These have become a central part of our national story.

    ….

    I think the arts is a political space. But the idea that politicians should impose a version of culture on the nation is utterly chilling.

    When we took office I said that the era of culture wars were over. It was taken to mean, in some circles, that I could order somehow magically from Whitehall that they would end. 

    But I meant something else. I meant an end to the “mind forged manacles” that William Blake raged against and the “mind without fear” that Rabindranath Tagore dreamt of.

    [political content removed]

    Would this include the rich cultural heritage from the American South that the Beatles drew inspiration from, in a city that has been shaped by its role in welcoming visitors and immigrants from across the world? Would it accommodate Northern Soul, which my town in Wigan led the world in?  

    We believe the proper role of government is not to impose culture, but to enable artists to hold a mirror up to society and to us. To help us understand the world we’re in and shape and define the nation. 

    Who know that is the value that you alone can bring. 

    I recently watched an astonishing performance of The Merchant of Venice, set in the East End of London in the 1930s. In it, Shylock has been transformed from villain to  victim at the hands of the Merchant, who has echoes of Oswald Mosely. I don’t want to spoil it – not least because my mum is watching it at the Lowry next week and would not forgive me- but it ends with a powerful depiction of the battle of Cable Street. 

    Nobody could see that production and fail to understand the parallels with the modern day. No political speech I have heard in recent times has had the power, that power to challenge, interpret and provoke that sort of response. To remind us of the obligations we owe to one another.

    Other art forms can have – and have had – a similar impact. Just look at the ITV drama Mr Bates vs The Post Office. It told a story with far more emotional punch than any number of political speeches or newspaper columns. 

    You could say the same of the harrowing paintings by the Scottish artist Peter Howson. His depiction of rape when he was the official war artist during the Bosnian War seared itself into people’s understanding of that conflict. It reminds me of the first time I saw a Caravaggio painting. The insistence that it becomes part of your narrative is one you never ever forget.

    That is why Jennie Lee believed her role was a permissive one. She repeated this mantra many times telling reporters that she wanted simply to make living room for artists to work in. The greatest art, she said, comes from the torment of the human spirit – adding – and you can’t legislate for that. 

    I think if she were alive today she would look at the farce that is the moral puritanism which is killing off our arts and culture – for the regions and the artistic talent all over the country where the reach of funding and donors is not long enough – the protests against any or every sponsor of the arts, I believe, would have made her both angered and ashamed.  

    In every social protest  – and I have taken part in plenty – you have to ask, who is your target? The idea that boycotting the sponsor of the Hay Festival harms the sponsor, not the festival is for the birds. 

    And I have spent enough time at Hay, Glastonbury and elsewhere to know that these are the spaces – the only spaces – where precisely the moral voice and protest comes from. Boycotting sponsors, and killing these events off,  is the equivalent of gagging society. This self defeating virtue signalling is a feature of our times and we will stand against it with everything that we’ve got.

    Because I think we are the only [political context removed] force, right now, that believes that it is not for the government to dictate what should be heard.

    But there is one area where we will never be neutral and that is on who should be heard.

    Too much of our rich inheritance, heritage and culture is not seen. And when it is not, not only is the whole nation poorer but the country suffers. 

    It is our firm belief that at the heart of Britain’s current malaise is the fact that too many people have been written off and written out of our national story. And, to borrow a line from my favourite George Eliot novel, Middlemarch, it means we cannot hear that ‘roar that lies on the other side of silence’.  What we need – to completely misquote George Elliot – is a keen vision and feeling of all ordinary human life.’ We’ve got to be able to hear it.

    And this is personal for me.

    I still remember how groundbreaking it was to watch Bend it Like Beckham – the first time I had seen a family like ours depicted on screen not for being Asian (or in my case mixed race) but because of a young girl’s love of football. 

    And I was reminded of this year’s later when Maxine Peake starred in Queens of the Coal Age, her play about the women of the miners’ strike, which she put on at the Royal Exchange in Manchester. 

    The trains were not running – as usual – but on one of my council estates the women who had lived and breathed this chapter of our history clubbed together, hired a coach and went off to see it. It was magical to see the reaction when they saw a story that had been so many times about their lives, finally with them in it.

    We are determined that this entire nation must see themselves at the centre of their own and our national story. That’s a challenge for our broadcasters and our film-makers. 

    Show us the full panoply of the world we live in, including the many communities far distant from the commissioning room which is still far too often based in London. 

    But it’s also a challenge for every branch of the arts, including the theatre, dance, music, painting and sculpture. Let’s show working-class communities too in the work that we do – and not just featuring in murder and gangland series. 

    Part of how we discover that new national story is by breathing fresh life into local heritage and reviving culture in places where it is disappearing.

    Which is why we’re freeing up almost £5 million worth of funding for community organisations – groups who know their own area and what it needs far better than Whitehall. Groups determined to bring derelict and neglected old buildings back into good use. These are buildings that stand at the centre of our communities. They are visible symbols of pride, purpose and their contribution and their neglect provokes a strong emotional response to toxicity, decline and decay. We’re determined to put those communities back in charge of their own destiny again. 

    And another important part of the construction is the review of the arts council, led by Baroness Margaret Hodge, who is with us today. When Jennie Lee set up regional arts associations the arts council welcomed their creation as good for the promotion of regional cultures and in the hope they would “create a rod for the arts council’s back”. 

    They responded to local clamour, not culture imposed from London. Working with communities so they could tell their own story. That is my vision. And it’s the vision behind the Arts Everywhere Fund that we announced this morning.

    The Arts Council Review will be critical to fulfilling that vision and today we’re setting out two important parts of that work – publishing both the Terms of Reference and the members of the Advisory Group who will be working with Baroness Hodge, many of whom have made the effort to join us here today.

    We have found the Jennie Lee’s of our age, who will deliver a review that is shaped around communities and local areas, and will make sure that arts are for everyone, wherever they live and whatever their background. With excellence and access.

    But we need more from you. We need you to step up.

    Across the sporting world from Boxing to Rugby League clubs, they’re throwing their doors open to communities, especially young people, to help grip the challenges facing a nation. Opening up opportunities. Building new audiences. Creating the champions of the future. Lots done, but much more still to do.

    Every child and adult should also have the opportunity to access live theatre, dance and music – to believe that these spaces belong to them and are for them. We need you to throw open your doors. So many of you already deliver this against the odds. But the community spaces needed – whether community centres, theatres, libraries are too often closed to those who need them most. 

    Too often we fall short of reflecting the full and varied history of the communities which support us. That’s why we have targeted the funding today to bring hope flickering back to life in community-led culture and arts – supported by us, your government, but driven by you and your communities.

    It’s one of the reasons we are tackling the secondary ticket market, which has priced too many fans out of live music gigs. It’s also why we are pushing for a voluntary levy on arena tickets to fund a sustainable grassroots music sector, including smaller music venues. 

    But I also want new audiences to pour in through the doors – and I want theatres across the country to flourish as much as theatres in the West End. 

    I also want everyone to be able to see some of our outstanding art, from Lowry and Constable to Anthony Gormley and Tracey Emin. 

    Too much of the nation’s art is sitting in basements not out in the country where it belongs. I want all of our national and civic galleries to find new ways of getting that art out into communities.

    There are other challenges. There is too much fighting others to retain a grip on small pots of funding and too little asking “what do we owe to one another” and what can I do. Jennie Lee encouraged writers and actors into schools and poets into pubs. 

    She set up subsidies so people, like the women from my council estate in Wigan, could travel to see great art and theatre. She persuaded Henry Moore to go and speak to children in a school in Castleford, in Yorkshire who were astonished when he turned up not with a lecture, but with lumps of clay. 

    There are people who are doing this now. The brilliant fashion designer Paul Smith told me about a recent visit to his old primary school in Nottingham where he went armed with the material to design a new school tie with the kids. These are the most fashionable kids on the block.

    I know it’s been a tough decade. Funding for the arts has been slashed. Buildings are crumbling. And the pandemic hit the arts and heritage world hard. 

    And I really believe that the Government has a role to play in helping free you up to do what you do best – enriching people’s lives and bringing communities together – so with targeted support like the new £85m Creative Foundations Fund that we’re launching today with the Arts Council we hope that we’ll be able to help you with what you do best.

    SOLT’s own research showed that, without support, 4 in 10 theatres they surveyed were at risk of closing or being too unsafe to use in five years’ time. So today we are answering that call. This fund is going to help theatres, galleries, and arts centres restore buildings in dire need of repairs. 

    And on top of that support, we’re also getting behind our critical local, civic museums – places which are often cultural anchors in their village, town or city. They’re facing acute financial pressures and they need our backing. So our new Museum Renewal Fund will invest £20 million in these local assets – preserving them and ensuring they remain part of local identities, to keep benefitting local people of all ages. In my town of Wigan we have the fantastic Museum of Wigan Life and it tells the story of the contribution that the ordinary, extraordinary people in Wigan made to our country, powering us through the last century through dangerous, difficult, dirty work in the coal mines.  That story, that understanding of the contribution that Wigan made, I consider to be a part of the birthright and inheritance of my little boy growing up in that town today and we want every child growing up in a community to understand the history and heritage and contribution that their parents and grandparents made to this country and a belief that that future stretches ahead of them as well. Not to reopen the coal mines, but to make a contribution to this country and to see themselves reflected in our story.  

    But for us to succeed we need more from you. This is not a moment for despair. This is our moment to ensure the arts remain central to the life of this nation for decades to come and in turn that this nation flourishes. 

    If we get this right we can unlock funding that will allow the arts to flourish in every part of Britain, especially those that have been neglected for far too long, by creating good jobs and growth, and giving children everywhere the chance to get them. 

    Our vision is not just to grow the economy, but to make sure it benefits people in our communities. So often where i’ve seen investments in the last decade and good jobs created, I go down the road to a local school and I see children who can see those jobs from the school playground, but could no more dream of getting to the moon than they could of getting those jobs. And we are determined that that’s going to change. 

    This is what we’ve been doing with our creative education programmes (like the Museums and Schools Programme, the Heritage Schools Programme, Art & Design National Saturday Clubs and the BFI Film Academy.) These are programmes we are proud to support and ones I’m personally proud that my Department will be funding these programmes next year.

    Be in no doubt, we are determined to back the creative industries in a way no other government has done. I’m delighted that we have committed to the audiovisual, video games, theatre, orchestra and museums and galleries tax reliefs, as well as introducing the new independent film and VFX tax reliefs as well.

    You won’t hear any speeches from us denigrating the creative industries or lectures about ballerinas being forced to retrain.

    Yes, these are proper jobs. And yes, artists should be properly remunerated for their work. 

    We know these industries are vital to our economic growth. They employ 1 in 14 people in the UK and are worth more than £125 billion a year to our economy.  We want them to grow. That is why they are a central plank of our industrial strategy.

    But I want to be equally clear that these industries only thrive if they are part of a great artistic ecosystem. Matilda, War Horse and Les Miserables are commercial successes, but they sprang from the public investment in theatre. 

    James Graham has written outstanding screenplays for television including Sherwood, but his first major play was the outstanding This House at the National and his other National Theatre play Dear England is now set to be a TV series. 

    You don’t get a successful commercial film sector without a successful subsidised theatre sector. Or a successful video games sector without artists, designers, creative techies, musicians and voiceover artists.  

    So it’s the whole ecosystem that we have to strengthen and enhance. It’s all connected.

    The woman in whose name we’ve launched this lecture series would have relished that challenge. She used to say she had the best job in government

     “All the others deal with people’s sorrows… but I have been called the Minister of the Future.”

    That is why I relish this challenge and why working with those of you who will rise to meet this moment will be the privilege of my life.

    I wanted to leave with you with a moment that has stayed with me.

    A few weeks ago I was with Andy Burnham, the Mayor of Greater Manchester, who has become a great friend. We were in his old constituency of Leigh, a town that borders Wigan. And we were talking about the flashes, which in our towns used to be open cast coalmines. 

    They were regenerated by the last Labour government and they’ve now become these incredible spaces, with wildlife and green spaces with incredible lakes that are well used by local children. 

    We had a lot to talk about and a lot to do. But as we looked out at the transformed landscape wondering how in one generation we had gone from scars on the landscape to this, he said, the lesson I’ve taken from this is that nature recovers more quickly than people. 

    While this government, through our Plan for Change, has made it our mission to support a growing economy, so we can have a safe, healthy nation where people have opportunities not currently on offer – the recovery of our nation cannot be all bread and no roses. Our shared future depends critically on every one of us in this room rising to this moment. 

    To give voice to the nation we are, and can be. 

    To let hope and history rhyme.

    So let no one say it falls to anyone else. It falls to us.

    Updates to this page

    Published 20 February 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

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  • MIL-OSI: cBrain reports EBT of 32% and raises payout ratio to 20%

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

     

    Company Announcement no. 03/2025

    cBrain reports EBT of 32% and raises payout ratio to 20%

    Copenhagen, February 20, 2025

    cBrain (NASDAQ: CBRAIN) reports revenue grew by +12% to DKK 268m in 2024, up from DKK 239m in 2023, aligning with the expected revenue growth range of 12-13%.

    Software revenue is 78% of total revenue, while implementation and support services account for 22% of total revenue. Software subscriptions, the majority based on long-term contracts with Danish government customers, account for more than 50 % of the total revenue.

    Earnings before tax (EBT) grew to DKK 86m in 2024, up from DKK 81m in 2023, thereby reaching an EBT margin of 32%. EBT is therefore at the expected EBT margin of 30-32%.

    Due to faster-than-expected global industry changes as well as market uncertainties in the US and Germany, cBrain has held back some of the planned market investments in 2024. This has resulted in costs being lower than expected.

    The results show a strong positive cash flow from operating activities. This enables an increase in dividends and investments in the growth of the company and at the same time reduces long-term loans on cBrain-owned buildings.

    cBrain does not have a share buyback program. However, due to solid earnings, cBrain proposes to raise dividends to DKK 0,64 per share (2023: DKK 0,28 per share) corresponding to a payout ratio of approx. 20% of profit for the year.

    Executing the growth plan
    In 2022, cBrain announced its 2023-2025 growth plan with the goal of consolidating the business model and preparing for long-term growth by positioning itself as a supplier of climate software for government and developing a partner model.

    During the past two years, cBrain has executed this plan and during 2023 and 2024, cBrain has grown, initiated partnerships, and delivered solid results, growing revenue by +42% and growing EBT by +76%.

    The growth plan assumes that government organizations over time will switch from relying on custom-built solutions and best-of-breed architectures to using standard software. The government IT industry is massive and dominated by large suppliers who benefit from consultancy fees and billable hours. This creates significant entry barriers as the classic vendors defend their business, and the growth plan therefore anticipates a long and slow transition to standard software.

    The COTS for government seem to emerge faster than anticipated
    Contrary to these assumptions, cBrain now sees indications that industry shifts toward standard software and platforms are occurring faster than anticipated. Fueled by a lack of skilled IT resources and a growing demand for fast delivery, cBrain sees a rapidly emerging IT industry, referred to as Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) for government. For cBrain, this presents new strategic opportunities.

    COTS for government, leveraging new technologies and platforms such as the F2 Digital Platform, enables digital transformation at higher speed and lower costs that outperform traditional IT modernization.

    For example, cBrain delivered a complete end-to-end digital platform for two new Danish ministries within just three weeks during the autumn of 2024, and in 2025 cBrain has just announced a third new Danish ministry, following a similar fast-track implementation schedule. Traditionally, projects of this nature take years and often fail. The Danish ministerial cases thereby exemplify the power of the COTS for government approach.

    cBrain has a first-mover advantage
    The long-term cBrain growth strategy is founded on a vision and a business case to provide standard software for government. Over the past 15 years, cBrain has invested more than 450,000 hours in developing the F2 platform. Danish ministries and a total of more than 75 Danish authorities use F2 as their digital platform. Internationally cBrain has delivered F2 for government organizations across five continents.

    With a solid first-mover advantage and a strong customer base, cBrain is well-positioned to become a leading international software provider of COTS for government solutions.

    During the year 2024, the accelerated market shift and the power of the COTS for government approaches have opened new opportunities for cBrain. This is exemplified by the recent collaboration between cBrain and UNDP in Africa to support the UNDP Digital Offer for Africa strategy, and larger orders in Romania helping to modernize traditional mainframe-type solutions.

    Reiterating the international growth strategy
    The faster-than-expected market shift, with government looking toward IT modernization and digitization based on the alternative COTS for government approach, clearly represents an incredibly positive development for cBrain.

    cBrain wants to fully take advantage of this, and a solid business with strong cash flow and earnings offer strategic flexibility. Consequently, cBrain is now reiterating and potentially adjusting its international growth strategy.

    This includes evaluating organizational readiness, as well as market and product development strategies, to leverage and maximize the benefits of accelerated industry changes. With the goal of being an internationally leading vendor in the emerging COTS for government industry, cBrain will execute several changes to the growth plan during the spring of 2025.

    Driving international expansion
    With the current Danish customer base, cBrain has a strong home market position. Internationally this is an important reference position, and cBrain intends to maintain and develop a strong position on the Danish market.

    However, to be a leader in the COTS for government industry and fully deploy the potential of the new emerging industry, cBrain will direct more resources into its international business.

    cBrain has built its international business based on organic growth, building the business by addressing international customers directly or in collaboration with local partners. This strategy is maintained, but with an increased focus on working with international partners.

    As of today, over one-third of the total revenue is export. cBrain is currently reiterating and potentially adjusting its international growth strategy with a goal, that within a few years, the international revenue will be significantly larger than the Danish revenue.

    Lifting the business
    During the past two years, cBrain has built a pipeline of potential customers, which are significantly larger than the average Danish customer. This includes projects in Germany and the US, as well as projects in the Emirates, India, Kenya, and Romania.

    For cBrain to be a leader in the COTS for government industry, it is key to building an international business. Backed by a solid financial position, cBrain is therefore shifting a focus to international opportunities. This shift involves changes across the cBrain internal organization, from marketing and sales to delivery and R&D.

    cBrain announced the growth plan in 2022 with an ambition to reach a revenue of 350 million in the year 2025. cBrain continues to execute its growth plan. However, reaching the revenue ambition requires winning and delivering some of the large international contracts cBrain is currently working on.

    cBrain guides continued growth in revenue and solid earnings for 2025
    With limited visibility, cBrain forecasts expected revenue growth in 2025 of 10-15% and earnings before tax (EBT) of 18-23%.

    The earnings forecast is based on solid market development investments into international growth, across the African region, USA, Germany, and India, as well as investments into developing the F2-for-Partners concept.

    Best regards

    Per Tejs Knudsen, CEO

    Inquiries regarding this Company Announcement may be directed to 

    Ejvind Jørgensen, CFO & Head of Investor Relations, cBrain A/S, ir@cbrain.com, +45 2594 4973

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