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Category: CTF

  • MIL-Evening Report: Academic slams NZ government over ‘compromised’ foreign policy

    Asia Pacific Report

    A prominent academic has criticised the New Zealand coalition government for compromising the country’s traditional commitment to upholding an international rules-based order due to a “desire not to offend” the Trump administration.

    Professor Robert Patman, an inaugural sesquicentennial distinguished chair and a specialist in international relations at the University of Otago, has argued in a contributed article to The Spinoff that while distant in geographic terms, “brutal violence in Gaza, the West Bank and Iran marks the latest stage in the unravelling of an international rules-based order on which New Zealand depends for its prosperity and security”.

    Dr Patman wrote that New Zealand’s founding document, the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi, emphasised partnership and cooperation at home, and, after 1945, helped inspire a New Zealand worldview enshrined in institutions such as the United Nations and norms such as multilateralism.

    Professor Robert Patman . . . “Even more striking was the government’s silence on President Trump’s proposal to own Gaza with a view to evicting two million Palestinian residents.” Image: University of Otago

    “In the wake of Hamas’ terrorist attacks in Israel on October 7, 2023, the National-led coalition government has in principle emphasised its support for a lasting ceasefire in Gaza and the need for a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict over the occupied territories of East Jerusalem, Gaza and the West Bank,” he wrote.

    However, Dr Patman said, in practice this New Zealand stance had not translated into firm diplomatic opposition to the Netanyahu government’s quest to control Gaza and annex the West Bank.

    “Nor has it been a condemnation of the Trump administration for prioritising its support for Israel’s security goals over international law,” he said.

    Foreign minister Winston Peters had described the situation in Gaza as “simply intolerable” but the National-led coalition had little specific to say as the Netanyahu government “resumed its cruel blockade of humanitarian aid to Gaza in March and restarted military operations there”.

    Silence on Trump’s ‘Gaza ownership’
    “Even more striking was the government’s silence on President Trump’s proposal to own Gaza with a view to evicting two million Palestinian residents from the territory and the US-Israeli venture to start the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation (GHF) in late May in a move which sidelined the UN in aid distribution and has led to the killing of more than 600 Palestinians while seeking food aid,” Dr Patman said.

    While New Zealand, along with the UK, Australia, Canada and Norway, had imposed sanctions on two far-right Israeli government ministers, Bezalel Smotrich and Itamar ben Gvir, in June for “inciting extremist violence” against Palestinians — a move that was criticised by the Trump administration — it was arguably a case of very little very late.

    “The Hamas terror attacks on October 7 killed around 1200 Israelis, but the Netanyahu government’s retaliation by the Israel Defence Force (IDF) against Hamas has resulted in the deaths of more than 56,000 Palestinians — nearly 70 percent of whom were women or children — in Gaza.

    Over the same period, more than 1000 Palestinians had been killed in the West Bank as Israel accelerated its programme of illegal settlements there.

    ‘Strangely ambivalent’
    In addition, the responses of the New Zealand government to “pre-emptive attacks” by Israel (13-25 June) and Trump’s United States (June 22) against Iran to destroy Iran’s nuclear capabilities were strangely ambivalent.

    Despite indications from US intelligence and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) that Iran had not produced nuclear weapons, Foreign Minister Peters had said New Zealand was not prepared to take a position on that issue.

    Confronted with Trump’s “might is right” approach, the National-led coalition faced stark choices, Dr Patman said.

    The New Zealand government could continue to fudge fundamental moral and legal issues in the Middle East and risk complicity in the further weakening of an international rules-based order it purportedly supports, “or it can get off the fence, stand up for the country’s values, and insist that respect for international law must be observed in the region and elsewhere without exception”.

    MIL OSI Analysis – EveningReport.nz –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Analysis: Reduce, remove, reflect — the three Rs that could limit global warming

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Dante McGrath, Postdoctoral Researcher, Centre for Climate Repair, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge

    NASA Johnson/flickr, CC BY-NC

    Since 2019, the UK has been committed to the target of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Legally binding net zero targets form the basis for national efforts to meet the international goals of limiting global warming to “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels” and ideally to 1.5°C.

    These goals, launched in 2015 as part of the UN’s Paris agreement, set the stage for climate action in a warming world. Much like the “reduce-reuse-recycle” sustainability initiative, various climate actions fit within three Rs — reduce, remove and reflect. These actions were the subject of a recent debate in the UK parliament.

    My colleagues and I have reviewed how these three Rs differ in scope, scale and state of knowledge. Our analysis reveals that a range of climate interventions may complement intensified mitigation efforts (to reduce greenhouse gas emissions), but more research is urgently needed.

    Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is at centre stage. This is non-negotiable. Emissions reduction must be deep, rapid and sustained if we are to limit global warming to less than 2°C. These drastic cuts demand an ensemble cast, players from all sectors, from energy to agriculture. The energy to power modern society accounts for almost 75% of our greenhouse gas emissions.

    We need a prop change at centre stage: an energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables. This requires electrification and energy efficiency measures — both are central to managing the growth in energy demand sustainably.

    At stage right, greenhouse gas removal offers a supporting role by removing historical emissions and offsetting residual emissions from sectors lagging behind in the energy transition (such as shipping and aviation). A number of academics have stressed that a range of removal methods is required to achieve net zero emissions and halt the rise in global temperature.

    Conventional carbon removal methods, such as forestation or the restoration of peatlands and wetlands, are vital. However, due to resource constraints (such as land and water security) and ecosystem impacts of global warming, we need to scale new methods rapidly to meet Paris agreement targets. These include ways to capture and store carbon on land and at sea.

    Novel methods have many challenges, however, related to their effectiveness (including storage durability and permanence), unintended environmental consequences, economic costs and demands on natural resources. The challenges constraining the scale-up of novel removal methods must be addressed if we are to achieve net zero and halt global warming.

    The consequences of climate change are outpacing efforts to abate it. With each year, the likelihood of exceeding 1.5 and 2°C warming increases, posing major risks to society and Earth’s ecosystems. That’s why the third R — reflect — needs to be assessed.



    Read more:
    UK funds controversial climate-cooling research

    Sunlight reflection methods have been in the wings on stage left. In the context of limiting global warming to 1.5°C, they have been considered feasible in theory, but fraught with challenges in practice. As the chance of exceeding 1.5°C in the coming years increases, this form of climate intervention needs further consideration. Experts brought together by the UN Environment Programme have concluded that, although this intervention is “not a substitute for mitigation”, it is “the only option that could cool the planet within years”.

    The most studied methods to reflect sunlight are called stratospheric aerosol injection and marine cloud brightening. These methods mimic natural processes that cool the earth by reflecting sunlight, be it through the release of reflective aerosols into the upper atmosphere, or the addition of droplet-forming salt crystals into marine clouds in the lower atmosphere.



    Read more:
    Five geoengineering trials the UK is funding to combat global warming

    Sunlight reflection methods pose immense challenges with respect to research, ethics and governance. There are many scientific uncertainties about how these interventions will influence the climate. There is also no global regulatory framework in place. Any legislation needs to be based on scientific evidence and informed decisions.

    Shining the spotlight

    Meeting climate goals requires an ensemble cast performing actions across the warming world stage. Emissions reduction is indispensable and should remain centre stage in climate policy. Climate interventions at stage right and left — in the form of greenhouse gas removal and sunlight reflection — need responsible and responsive direction. Their risks and benefits need to be assessed.

    Before curtains are drawn, let’s make sure every climate action — reduce, remove and reflect — gets a fair hearing.

    Don’t have time to read about climate change as much as you’d like?

    Get a weekly roundup in your inbox instead. Every Wednesday, The Conversation’s environment editor writes Imagine, a short email that goes a little deeper into just one climate issue. Join the 45,000+ readers who’ve subscribed so far.

    Dante McGrath does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Reduce, remove, reflect — the three Rs that could limit global warming – https://theconversation.com/reduce-remove-reflect-the-three-rs-that-could-limit-global-warming-258413

    MIL OSI Analysis –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Analysis: Reduce, remove, reflect — the three Rs that could limit global warming

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Dante McGrath, Postdoctoral Researcher, Centre for Climate Repair, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge

    NASA Johnson/flickr, CC BY-NC

    Since 2019, the UK has been committed to the target of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Legally binding net zero targets form the basis for national efforts to meet the international goals of limiting global warming to “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels” and ideally to 1.5°C.

    These goals, launched in 2015 as part of the UN’s Paris agreement, set the stage for climate action in a warming world. Much like the “reduce-reuse-recycle” sustainability initiative, various climate actions fit within three Rs — reduce, remove and reflect. These actions were the subject of a recent debate in the UK parliament.

    My colleagues and I have reviewed how these three Rs differ in scope, scale and state of knowledge. Our analysis reveals that a range of climate interventions may complement intensified mitigation efforts (to reduce greenhouse gas emissions), but more research is urgently needed.

    Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is at centre stage. This is non-negotiable. Emissions reduction must be deep, rapid and sustained if we are to limit global warming to less than 2°C. These drastic cuts demand an ensemble cast, players from all sectors, from energy to agriculture. The energy to power modern society accounts for almost 75% of our greenhouse gas emissions.

    We need a prop change at centre stage: an energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables. This requires electrification and energy efficiency measures — both are central to managing the growth in energy demand sustainably.

    At stage right, greenhouse gas removal offers a supporting role by removing historical emissions and offsetting residual emissions from sectors lagging behind in the energy transition (such as shipping and aviation). A number of academics have stressed that a range of removal methods is required to achieve net zero emissions and halt the rise in global temperature.

    Conventional carbon removal methods, such as forestation or the restoration of peatlands and wetlands, are vital. However, due to resource constraints (such as land and water security) and ecosystem impacts of global warming, we need to scale new methods rapidly to meet Paris agreement targets. These include ways to capture and store carbon on land and at sea.

    Novel methods have many challenges, however, related to their effectiveness (including storage durability and permanence), unintended environmental consequences, economic costs and demands on natural resources. The challenges constraining the scale-up of novel removal methods must be addressed if we are to achieve net zero and halt global warming.

    The consequences of climate change are outpacing efforts to abate it. With each year, the likelihood of exceeding 1.5 and 2°C warming increases, posing major risks to society and Earth’s ecosystems. That’s why the third R — reflect — needs to be assessed.



    Read more:
    UK funds controversial climate-cooling research

    Sunlight reflection methods have been in the wings on stage left. In the context of limiting global warming to 1.5°C, they have been considered feasible in theory, but fraught with challenges in practice. As the chance of exceeding 1.5°C in the coming years increases, this form of climate intervention needs further consideration. Experts brought together by the UN Environment Programme have concluded that, although this intervention is “not a substitute for mitigation”, it is “the only option that could cool the planet within years”.

    The most studied methods to reflect sunlight are called stratospheric aerosol injection and marine cloud brightening. These methods mimic natural processes that cool the earth by reflecting sunlight, be it through the release of reflective aerosols into the upper atmosphere, or the addition of droplet-forming salt crystals into marine clouds in the lower atmosphere.



    Read more:
    Five geoengineering trials the UK is funding to combat global warming

    Sunlight reflection methods pose immense challenges with respect to research, ethics and governance. There are many scientific uncertainties about how these interventions will influence the climate. There is also no global regulatory framework in place. Any legislation needs to be based on scientific evidence and informed decisions.

    Shining the spotlight

    Meeting climate goals requires an ensemble cast performing actions across the warming world stage. Emissions reduction is indispensable and should remain centre stage in climate policy. Climate interventions at stage right and left — in the form of greenhouse gas removal and sunlight reflection — need responsible and responsive direction. Their risks and benefits need to be assessed.

    Before curtains are drawn, let’s make sure every climate action — reduce, remove and reflect — gets a fair hearing.

    Don’t have time to read about climate change as much as you’d like?

    Get a weekly roundup in your inbox instead. Every Wednesday, The Conversation’s environment editor writes Imagine, a short email that goes a little deeper into just one climate issue. Join the 45,000+ readers who’ve subscribed so far.

    Dante McGrath does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Reduce, remove, reflect — the three Rs that could limit global warming – https://theconversation.com/reduce-remove-reflect-the-three-rs-that-could-limit-global-warming-258413

    MIL OSI Analysis –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Analysis: Staying positive might protect against memory loss

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Christian van Nieuwerburgh, Professor of Coaching and Positive Psychology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences

    PeopleImages.com – Yuri A/Shutterstock

    Want to remember things better as you get older? The secret might be surprisingly simple: focus on feeling good.

    Recent research involving over 10,000 people aged 50 and above has found that people with higher wellbeing perform better on memory tests as they age. The study, which followed participants for 16 years, checked their wellbeing and memory every two years.

    The researchers expected that good memory might improve wellbeing, but found no evidence for that. Instead, it was wellbeing that predicted better memory performance over time.

    The study also found that the link between wellbeing and memory stayed strong even after taking things like depression into account. This means wellbeing may affect memory on its own, not just through effects on mood.

    Get your news from actual experts, straight to your inbox. Sign up to our daily newsletter to receive all The Conversation UK’s latest coverage of news and research, from politics and business to the arts and sciences.

    However, the study’s authors acknowledge some limitations that should be taken into account when considering the real-life application of their findings.

    The study relied on people reporting their own wellbeing, which can be biased – some people might overestimate how good they feel. The research also can’t prove that wellbeing directly causes better memory – other factors like income or life experiences might play a role.

    Also, the memory tests used were relatively simple and might not capture the full complexities of how memory works in real life.

    Despite these limitations, the study offers a compelling reason to invest in your wellbeing now. Here are five evidence-based strategies to increase the positive emotions in your day-to-day experiences.

    Five strategies to boost your wellbeing now

    1. Be grateful

    Some people feel better when they keep a gratitude journal.

    2. Engage in acts of kindness.

    Being kind can boost the wellbeing of both initiators and receivers of kindness.

    3. Nurture your most important relationships

    Positive relationships are important for our wellbeing. These should be nurtured and maintained.

    4. Be more present.

    In a distracted world, being present in the moment can be difficult. Being present is the opposite of multitasking. This takes intentional practice and you can develop it through meditation or mindfulness practices.

    5. Do things that lead to a “flow” state.

    Being in a flow state means that we are fully engaged in an activity. It is a mental state where a person feels fully involved and enjoys a process or activity that provides just the right balance of challenge and reward. People often talk about this as “being in the zone”. Finding an engaging hobby or sport is a good way of increasing flow moments.

    Ensuring that you and the people around you experience positive emotions regularly is not just about feeling good in the moment. It is also an important investment for the future, ensuring better mental health and wellbeing for yourself and others. What will you do?

    Christian van Nieuwerburgh does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Staying positive might protect against memory loss – https://theconversation.com/staying-positive-might-protect-against-memory-loss-259617

    MIL OSI Analysis –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Analysis: Online therapy as effective as in-person therapy, finds large study

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Fabian Lenhard, Researcher, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet

    Chay Tee/Shutterstock.com

    When COVID arrived early in 2020, pandemic restrictions made in-person mental health care difficult or impossible. Both therapists and patients had to adapt almost overnight. For many in the field, it felt like a gamble: could this screen-based format offer the same level of support for people struggling with depression, anxiety or trauma?

    Evidence has been growing, but until now few studies have compared treatment outcomes before and during the pandemic. Research my colleagues and I conducted offers new insights into this period.

    We followed 2,300 patients treated in Sweden’s public mental health system over six years – three years before and three years during the pandemic – and tracked outcomes for common conditions including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

    We found that nearly half of visits shifted online during the pandemic (up from just 4% pre-COVID), yet treatment outcomes did not decline – they remained stable, despite the rapid transition.

    Get your news from actual experts, straight to your inbox. Sign up to our daily newsletter to receive all The Conversation UK’s latest coverage of news and research, from politics and business to the arts and sciences.

    Patients filled out regular questionnaires during treatment to track their progress, using standard mental health assessments that measured depression and anxiety symptoms. We examined the degree of symptom improvement and the number of patients who transitioned from severe to manageable symptoms.

    Fully 38% of depressed patients recovered, along with 56% of those with generalised anxiety disorder, 46% with OCD and 59% with PTSD. These recovery rates were almost identical before and during the pandemic.

    Recovery rates were the same during the pandemic.
    AlessandroBiascioli/Shutterstock.com

    As long as care is done well

    We aren’t certain why remote care works, but one reason might be that the most important aspects of good therapy – things like building trust between patient and therapist, using evidence-based treatments and regular follow-up – can still occur online. In fact, for some people, meeting by video can make it easier to show up and feel comfortable. Our study suggests that, when care is done well, whether it’s in person or online doesn’t make much difference.

    Online care also helps with everyday difficulties. It’s often easier for people who live far away, have trouble getting around or have busy schedules to get help from home. And during a health crisis like the pandemic, being able to keep up with treatment probably helped many people stay on track instead of falling behind.

    Still, the findings come with limits. The study did not include children, people in acute psychiatric crisis or those with severe psychotic disorders — groups for whom in-person care may still be essential. And while online therapy offers flexibility, it also requires access to a private space, stable internet and the ability to engage through a screen — conditions that aren’t guaranteed for all patients.

    Just turning on a webcam isn’t enough. The clinics in this study followed proven treatment methods and kept a close eye on how patients were doing. These steps probably made a big difference and are important for making remote care work.

    Rather than being a temporary fix, online mental health care has become a core part of the system. Our study offers strong evidence that remote care, when well implemented, can match in-person treatment in effectiveness, even during something as challenging as a pandemic.

    There is no one-size-fits-all model – and not all patients will benefit equally from internet-based treatments. But giving people the choice – and maintaining high standards of care regardless of delivery method – appears to be a key to success.

    Because in the end, what matters most isn’t where care happens. It’s that it happens and that it works.

    Fabian Lenhard works as the Head of Data & Analytics for WeMind Psychiatry and is affiliated as a researcher at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

    – ref. Online therapy as effective as in-person therapy, finds large study – https://theconversation.com/online-therapy-as-effective-as-in-person-therapy-finds-large-study-259959

    MIL OSI Analysis –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Analysis: There are many things Americans voters agree on, from fears about technology to threats to democracy

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Emma Connolly, Research Fellow, Digital Speech Lab, UCL

    During his recent public spat with Donald Trump, Elon Musk tweeted a poll asking if a new political party would better represent the 80% of voters in the middle. Hundreds of thousands of people responded and more than 80% answered “yes”.

    The middle is still overlooked in US politics. This is because there is a perception that Republicans and Democrats have nothing in common, and therefore no issue will win support from both centrist Republicans and Democrats.

    Polarisation is problematic as it is linked to “democratic backsliding” – the use of underhand tactics in political processes. Worst of all, it poses a threat to democracy.

    Many think that polarisation is fuelled by echo chambers created on social media platforms. These only expose people to beliefs similar to their own.

    However, I study how narratives emerge on social media, and ways to investigate them. My work has two aims: first, to identify political issues that are likely to cross party lines, and a wider goal of exploring the role of social media in mitigating, rather than exacerbating, levels of polarisation.

    Get your news from actual experts, straight to your inbox. Sign up to our daily newsletter to receive all The Conversation UK’s latest coverage of news and research, from politics and business to the arts and sciences.

    Earlier this year, for example, I sorted through 12,000 posts from Republican and Democrat voters on subreddits (online forums discussing specific topics). Using a technique I developed in my PhD research, I analysed attitudes to contested political issues around the time of Trump’s inauguration. Like other researchers, I am finding that there are things both sides often agree on, and that not every issue splits neatly across party lines.

    Pew Research shows what Democrats and Republicans agree on.

    Although it’s a complex topic, people from both parties are worried about levels of free speech on social media. According to my work and other sources, some Democrats accuse TikTok of censoring hashtags such as #FreeLuigi (a reference to Luigi Mangione, accused of murdering UnitedHealthcare CEO, Brian Thompson).

    Meanwhile, some Republicans are saying they are flooded with what they see as left-wing content pushed by the algorithms. Despite their differences, Republicans and Democrats agree that social media platforms need to be more transparent about the way they work.

    Both sides worry about the rise of authoritarianism and the growing negative influence of artificial intelligence in shaping the US’s future. There is a sense among some members of the two parties that the real enemies aren’t each other, but powerful corporations who hold too much power.

    People on both sides of the political divide can be distrustful of tech companies and big businesses, where billionaires have power regardless of who’s in charge. Divisions of “up v down” could be alternatives to seeing divisions as “left v right”.

    Some people are worried about the creation of a massive database of citizens’ details, and how their details could be used, or abused. Recently Republican Marjorie Taylor Greene said she would have opposed Trump’s “big, beautiful, bill”, had she read the AI clause thoroughly. The clause stops states from passing laws to regulate AI systems for the next ten years.

    What do people agree on?

    On the topic of protecting democracy, there are some suggestions that many Republicans and Democrats agree this is important, and under threat. In my study, some Republican and Democrat voters object to the possibility of Trump having a third term, aligning with the findings of several recent polls on the subject, and even among Trump’s most loyal support groups.

    Both Republicans and Democrats want “the best” leaders who could get things done fast and efficiently. But it would appear that people on both sides are concerned about the “slash-and-burn” way that Doge (the Department for Government Efficiency, the new agency tasked with cutting federal spending) is working.

    Also, deciding who is the best leader isn’t always about agreeing with specific policies. Instead, it’s about delivering decisive, efficient action. Even Republicans who don’t back everything Trump is doing say that at least he is doing something, especially in relation to immigration.

    Many Republicans criticise the left, and former Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris in particular, but for unclear messaging, as much as any one policy. They (and others) put her loss down to a lack of direction and clarity on key issues (among other things). This probably resulted in failing to win votes from independents and moderate Republicans and many Democrats are frustrated that the party still hasn’t addressed this.

    Research suggests that Democrat and Republican voters often agree that polarisation causes gridlock and prevents progress, but believe voices from the middle are not being heard. Some Republicans and Democrats also share a concern that both parties are more focused on fighting each other than on solving problems, with 86% of Americans believing this.

    Some Republican voters in the posts I am analysing suggest that working together to get things done would be positive, supporting findings from the US and abroad. Other important factors rather than political party, such as religion or family or everyday life experiences can bring people from both sides together.

    So, Americans might not be as divided as one might think. Levels of polarisation feel high but this could be skewed by the extreme views of a minority on both sides. And it isn’t helped by some sensationalist media reporting.

    Lots of people get their news from social media platforms which reward and monetise engagement. Posts that fuel division are often the most visible, but they rarely tell the whole story. Divisive views are also often shared by those who are themselves the most polarised.

    Like Musk’s online poll, research is starting to suggest that there is still a sizeable moderate middle in the US today who are open to compromise through clear messaging. These voters can make all the difference, especially if parties can frame issues in ways that appeal across the divide. With the 2026 midterm elections on the horizon, both sides might want to listen to them more.

    Emma Connolly does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. There are many things Americans voters agree on, from fears about technology to threats to democracy – https://theconversation.com/there-are-many-things-americans-voters-agree-on-from-fears-about-technology-to-threats-to-democracy-258440

    MIL OSI Analysis –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Analysis: The online world comes with risks – but also friendships and independence for young people with disabilities

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Andy Phippen, Professor of IT Ethics and Digital Rights, Bournemouth University

    Kleber Cordeiro/Shutterstock

    “In the real world, I’m a coward. When I’m online, I’m a hero.”

    These words, paraphrased from a conversation with a young man with autism, have stayed with us throughout the years of research that underpin our recently published book exploring the relationship between children with special educational needs and disabilities and digital technology.

    We’re constantly bombarded with warnings about the potential dangers of digital technology, especially for children. But this quote captures something we might miss. The digital world can be a vital space of empowerment and connection.

    In our work, we’ve found that digital technology offers more than just access to learning for young people with special educational needs and disabilities. It opens doors to social lives, creative outlets and even employment opportunities that might be closed to them in the offline world. And yet, this potential is too often overshadowed by fears about the risks and harms they might encounter online.

    Get your news from actual experts, straight to your inbox. Sign up to our daily newsletter to receive all The Conversation UK’s latest coverage of news and research, from politics and business to the arts and sciences.

    Adolescence, the Netflix drama that delves into the hidden dangers of growing up in a digital world, has taken up a lot of the national conversation around social media, cyberbullying and online exploitation. But there is another show on Netflix that has received far less attention.

    The Remarkable Life of Ibelin is a powerful documentary that tells the story of Mats Steen, a young Norwegian man with a severe disability who found freedom, friendship and purpose in the online world of gaming. Though physically limited by Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Mats, known as “Ibelin” in World of Warcraft, built a rich life online.

    After his passing at 25, his gaming friends revealed just how much he had meant to them. Some travelled to his funeral. The film challenges stereotypes about online gaming. It shows it as a source of connection, compassion, and real human bonds.

    We’ve spoken to many young people with special educational needs and disabilities who echo the same themes. Online spaces offer a sense of identity and capability they don’t always feel offline.

    We found that the benefits of digital engagement for children with special educational needs and disabilities are extensive. It enhances communication: tools such as voice interfaces and text-to-speech software help those with speech or language difficulties express themselves confidently. Online platforms create spaces for friendships, especially for those who find face-to-face interaction challenging.

    Young people can build meaningful relationships online.
    Frame Stock Footage/Shutterstock

    Digital tools can also foster independence. Calendar apps can be useful for those with ADHD, or assistive technology for learners with dyslexia. And for education, tailored online content can bridge the gap between mainstream and specialist learning environments.

    But the digital world isn’t an equal playing field. Children with special educational needs and disabilities face disproportionate levels of online harm, including grooming, cyberbullying and exposure to inappropriate content. Crucially, they often lack the tools or support to report harm or seek help.

    This, of course, raises concerns for the parents, carers and teachers of young people with special educational needs and disabilities. We’ve found that parents, carers and teachers we’ve spoken to often reach for a “prohibition first” approach – feeling young people will be safer if they do not have the access to the internet and social media that a young person without their needs might enjoy.

    Safeguarding and empowerment

    We’ve been asked questions such as “What apps should I ban?” or “How do I stop my child going on the dark web?” These questions reflect a risk-averse mindset that fails to appreciate the value of digital engagement. Risk cannot be eliminated, but it can be managed. And, more importantly, opportunity must be protected.

    Too often, safeguarding strategies are done to children, not with them. It’s a good idea for parents and teachers of all children to talk to them about their digital life: what brings them joy, what worries them, where they feel confident or confused. Children are more likely to talk about fears or bad experiences if they feel believed, respected and understood. Make yourself a safe adult to talk to: one who listens without panic.

    While banning apps or limiting access might be useful in some cases, it should not be the starting point for safeguarding. It’s worth considering whether there are skills that a child could learn that would allow them to use technology safely.

    What’s more, online safety lessons are best when adapted to the communication style, cognitive ability and emotional maturity of an individual child. Visual aids, social stories, or interactive games may work better than text-heavy advice.

    Fear can limit what technology can offer the children who may need it most. For young people with special educational needs and disabilities, digital spaces are not simply entertainment, they are platforms for agency, creativity, relationships and voice.

    The role of adults here is to ensure these spaces are not only safe, but welcoming and empowering. That means moving past automatic restrictions and toward thoughtful, inclusive strategies that support children who might gain the most from using these technologies. We don’t need more bans. We need more belief.

    The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. The online world comes with risks – but also friendships and independence for young people with disabilities – https://theconversation.com/the-online-world-comes-with-risks-but-also-friendships-and-independence-for-young-people-with-disabilities-260443

    MIL OSI Analysis –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Bulgaria to join euro area on 1 January 2026

    Source: European Central Bank

    8 July 2025

    • Conversion rate of lev fixed at 1.95583 = EUR 1
    • Bulgaria joined the ERM II in 2020
    • Bulgarian banks supervised by ECB since 2020

    Today the Council of the European Union formally approved the accession of Bulgaria to the euro area on 1 January 2026 and determined a Bulgarian lev conversion rate of 1.95583 per euro. This is the current central rate of the lev in the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II), which the currency joined on 10 July 2020. The European Central Bank (ECB) and Българска народна банка (Bulgarian National Bank) agreed to monitor developments in the Bulgarian lev against the euro on the foreign exchange market until 1 January 2026.

    With the entry into force of the close cooperation framework between the ECB and Българска народна банка (Bulgarian National Bank), the ECB has been responsible for directly supervising four significant institutions and overseeing 13 less significant institutions in Bulgaria since 1 October 2020.

    For media queries, please contact Benoit Deeg, tel.: +49 172 1683 704.

    Notes

    • The agreement to monitor the lev is in the context of ERM II. Participation in ERM II and observance of the normal fluctuation margins for at least the last two years is one of the convergence criteria to be fulfilled ahead of euro area accession.
    • The conversion rate of the lev is set by way of an amendment to Regulation (EC) No 2866/98, which will become effective on 1 January 2026.

    MIL OSI Europe News –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Bulgaria to join euro area on 1 January 2026

    Source: European Central Bank

    8 July 2025

    • Conversion rate of lev fixed at 1.95583 = EUR 1
    • Bulgaria joined the ERM II in 2020
    • Bulgarian banks supervised by ECB since 2020

    Today the Council of the European Union formally approved the accession of Bulgaria to the euro area on 1 January 2026 and determined a Bulgarian lev conversion rate of 1.95583 per euro. This is the current central rate of the lev in the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II), which the currency joined on 10 July 2020. The European Central Bank (ECB) and Българска народна банка (Bulgarian National Bank) agreed to monitor developments in the Bulgarian lev against the euro on the foreign exchange market until 1 January 2026.

    With the entry into force of the close cooperation framework between the ECB and Българска народна банка (Bulgarian National Bank), the ECB has been responsible for directly supervising four significant institutions and overseeing 13 less significant institutions in Bulgaria since 1 October 2020.

    For media queries, please contact Benoit Deeg, tel.: +49 172 1683 704.

    Notes

    • The agreement to monitor the lev is in the context of ERM II. Participation in ERM II and observance of the normal fluctuation margins for at least the last two years is one of the convergence criteria to be fulfilled ahead of euro area accession.
    • The conversion rate of the lev is set by way of an amendment to Regulation (EC) No 2866/98, which will become effective on 1 January 2026.

    MIL OSI Europe News –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Bulgaria to join euro area on 1 January 2026

    Source: European Central Bank

    8 July 2025

    • Conversion rate of lev fixed at 1.95583 = EUR 1
    • Bulgaria joined the ERM II in 2020
    • Bulgarian banks supervised by ECB since 2020

    Today the Council of the European Union formally approved the accession of Bulgaria to the euro area on 1 January 2026 and determined a Bulgarian lev conversion rate of 1.95583 per euro. This is the current central rate of the lev in the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II), which the currency joined on 10 July 2020. The European Central Bank (ECB) and Българска народна банка (Bulgarian National Bank) agreed to monitor developments in the Bulgarian lev against the euro on the foreign exchange market until 1 January 2026.

    With the entry into force of the close cooperation framework between the ECB and Българска народна банка (Bulgarian National Bank), the ECB has been responsible for directly supervising four significant institutions and overseeing 13 less significant institutions in Bulgaria since 1 October 2020.

    For media queries, please contact Benoit Deeg, tel.: +49 172 1683 704.

    Notes

    • The agreement to monitor the lev is in the context of ERM II. Participation in ERM II and observance of the normal fluctuation margins for at least the last two years is one of the convergence criteria to be fulfilled ahead of euro area accession.
    • The conversion rate of the lev is set by way of an amendment to Regulation (EC) No 2866/98, which will become effective on 1 January 2026.

    MIL OSI Europe News –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Bulgaria to join euro area on 1 January 2026

    Source: European Central Bank

    8 July 2025

    • Conversion rate of lev fixed at 1.95583 = EUR 1
    • Bulgaria joined the ERM II in 2020
    • Bulgarian banks supervised by ECB since 2020

    Today the Council of the European Union formally approved the accession of Bulgaria to the euro area on 1 January 2026 and determined a Bulgarian lev conversion rate of 1.95583 per euro. This is the current central rate of the lev in the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II), which the currency joined on 10 July 2020. The European Central Bank (ECB) and Българска народна банка (Bulgarian National Bank) agreed to monitor developments in the Bulgarian lev against the euro on the foreign exchange market until 1 January 2026.

    With the entry into force of the close cooperation framework between the ECB and Българска народна банка (Bulgarian National Bank), the ECB has been responsible for directly supervising four significant institutions and overseeing 13 less significant institutions in Bulgaria since 1 October 2020.

    For media queries, please contact Benoit Deeg, tel.: +49 172 1683 704.

    Notes

    • The agreement to monitor the lev is in the context of ERM II. Participation in ERM II and observance of the normal fluctuation margins for at least the last two years is one of the convergence criteria to be fulfilled ahead of euro area accession.
    • The conversion rate of the lev is set by way of an amendment to Regulation (EC) No 2866/98, which will become effective on 1 January 2026.

    MIL OSI Europe News –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Video: UK Spending Review – Housing, Communities and Local Government Committee

    Source: United Kingdom UK Parliament (video statements)

    The Housing, Communities and Local Government Committee questions Rt Hon Angela Rayner MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government, on the Spending Review 2025 and the Government’s announcement of £39 billion investment for affordable homes.

    The cross-party group of MPs are expected to explore questions around the Social and Affordable Homes Programme, the Spending Review settlement, and local council finances.

    Witnesses:

    Rt Hon Angela Rayner MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government

    Sarah Healey CB CVO, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAc2ryZsTiI

    MIL OSI Video –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Attorney General’s speech at Summer School in the Law of the Council of Europe.

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    Speech

    Attorney General’s speech at Summer School in the Law of the Council of Europe.

    The Attorney General delivered a speech ‘The Implementation of Strasbourg Court Judgments at National Level – Subsidiarity in Action’ at the Summer School in the Law of the Council of Europe.

    Introduction

    Thank you, Professor Garde.

    I am delighted to be addressing you this morning at the opening of what I am sure will be a fascinating Summer School on the Law of the Council of Europe.

    Your theme could not be more topical – the effectiveness of the Council of Europe in Tackling the Pressing Challenges of our times. 

    For what pressing challenges we face.

    Conflicts rage around the world, new threats are posed by climate change, growing inequality, mass migration, and by emerging artificial intelligence.

    The substantive challenges are numerous, global and complex.

    And they have to be addressed in an ever more challenging political environment of polarised public discourse fuelled by social media, tempting many towards the easy solutions offered by populist leaders.

    In light of these pressing challenges, we must renew our commitment to a strong international rules-based system, underpinned by an unequivocal commitment to the rule of law.

    This is why, since taking office, I have spoken repeatedly of my government’s commitment to the rule of law. Of how it will act as our lodestar.

    This should not be contentious. The Council of Europe’s body of constitutional experts, the Venice Commission for Democracy through Law, in their Rule of Law Checklist note that the rule of law is a concept of universal validity.

    The “need for universal adherence to and implementation of the Rule of Law at both the national and international levels” was endorsed by all Members States of the United Nations in 2005.

    Lord Bingham, one of the UK’s most distinguished judges, described the rule of law as “one of the greatest unifying factors—perhaps the greatest—and as an ideal worth striving for, in the interests of good government and peace, at home and in the world at large.”  

    What do we mean, though, by the rule of law in the Council of Europe context?

    It is not just rule of law; it clearly means much more than that in the European legal tradition.

    The Venice Commission, after long reflection on what conception of the rule of law fits best with European constitutional traditions, summarised the rule of law as the presence of six key elements:

    legality; legal certainty; the prohibition of arbitrariness; access to justice before independent and impartial courts; respect for human rights and non-discrimination; and equality before the law.

    This European conception of the rule of law was heavily influenced by Tom Bingham’s account in his wonderfully accessible book, The Rule of Law.

    A cornerstone of that rules-based system in Europe is of course the Council of Europe. Formed, you will recall, in the aftermath of World War Two. When we had seen the worst of humanity.

    But out of those horrors, a group of like-minded states came together with a pledge to uphold the rule of law, democracy and human rights.

    And for over 75 years, the Council, has stood as the conscience of Europe. It has sought to unite us around those shared values. 

    And those values have served us well. They have formed a foundation for European peace and prosperity.

    I consider that they remain the best hope of protecting us from the threats we face today, and those which are no doubt coming tomorrow. 

    At the heart of the Council of Europe system is the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

    A shared statement of the rights, which all of us in the European family of nations hold dear.

    Based on the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights and drafted by a British lawyer, David Maxwell Fyfe.

    The rights it contains reflect long-standing traditional common-law rights in our country. 

    The supranational system of human rights protection that has been built on those British foundations is one of the great achievements of the post-War period. 

    Its very durability demonstrates how well it has combined effective legal protection for the rights of individuals with a sensitivity to the importance of elected governments in our democratic societies.

    So my own view on one of the central questions that you will be considering at your Summer School is that the Council of Europe has proved extraordinarily effective at protecting the foundational European values of human rights, democracy and the rule of law. 

    It has also, for most of its 75 years, succeeded in uniting Europe around those shared values.

    This does not mean of course that every aspect of the Council of Europe must be preserved in aspic.  International organisations and their institutions must always evolve to ensure that they continue to serve their central purpose and that they retain the public confidence of every generation. 

    That means we must be prepared to build on our existing mechanisms, developing them where necessary to ensure that they can deal with today’s pressing challenges.

    Of course, we must always remain vigilant to guarantee that such updating strengthens the protection of our shared values rather than weakening them, whilst ensuring that such reform balances liberty with responsibility, individual rights with the public interest.

    There are many ways in which the operation of the Council of Europe’s institutions could be improved. 

    There is considerable scope, for example, to build on the recent explicit recognition of the principle of subsidiarity in the preamble to the ECHR – for example by helping states to better implement the Convention at national level so that the subsidiary role of the Court becomes less and less required as national protection of ECHR rights improves. 

    We should not be afraid – indeed, must not be afraid – of discussing how the European system for the protection of human rights can be improved to ensure that the public are confident that it continues to serve the central purpose on which everyone agrees: that human rights require effective legal protection. 

    Rather, we should be confident that we can demonstrate the value of this remarkable piece of institution-building and find imaginative ways of improving its operation in practice, which secures its democratic legitimacy, and ensures it is fit to meet the challenges we face, without weakening its protections.

    The execution of judgments, which I know is one of the themes you will be exploring at the Summer School, is one such area in which there is considerable scope to enhance the democratic legitimacy of the ECHR system, and on which the UK has taken a significant lead, so it is to this that I now turn.

    The Importance of Language

    First, I want to make a small but important point about language.

    The first step towards enhancing the democratic legitimacy of the ECHR is to talk about it in a way that is accessible and readily understandable by ordinary people.

    The phrase “the execution of judgments” fails that test.

    “Execution” is a lawyer’s term. The public’s understanding of execution is that it has something to do with capital punishment.

    Insofar as non-lawyers understand the meaning of the term, the execution of a court judgment sounds like a merely formal step in which the Government does what the court in its judgment has told it to do.

    As I will go on to explain, that does not reflect the reality following a judgment of the European Court of Human Rights, which very often leaves considerable scope to the democratic branches to decide how best to respond to the Court’s judgment.

    If we care about the democratic legitimacy of the ECHR, as we do and as we must, we therefore need a different language in which to talk about what happens following a finding of a violation by the European Court of Human Rights.

    Talking about the “implementation” of judgments is preferable to talking about their “execution”.

    But even “implementation” downplays the scope for democratic debate and political choice when a State considers how it should respond to an adverse judgment against it.

    It is important to frame the discussion in a way which makes clear to ordinary people the scope that usually remains for democratic debate when deciding how to respond.

    The obligation to comply with Court judgments

    In Article 46 of the Convention States, including the UK, have made an important commitment.  They have undertaken to abide by any final judgment of the European Court of Human Rights to which they are a party.

    This obligation, voluntarily entered into by all Council of Europe member states, is a crucial foundation of the international legal order in Europe.  It is key to ensuring the Convention is effective in practice. As the Venice Commission, in their report on the Polish judges case put it: ‘the right to individual petition would be illusory if a final binding judgment of the European Court of Human Rights remained unenforced.”

    Everyone agrees that it is a crucial feature of the rule of law that no-one is above the law.  That must include governments. If governments disregard decisions of the courts, then it undermines the rule of law.

    As the Venice Commissions puts it in their Rule of Law Checklist, “Judicial decisions are essential to the implementation of the Constitution and of legislation. The right to a fair trial and the Rule of Law in general would be devoid of any substance if judicial decisions were not executed.”

    The Convention recognises this, and Article 46 goes on to give the Committee of Ministers the responsibility for ensuring that judgments are given effect. It also includes a power for the Committee to refer cases back to the Court if they consider that a judgment is unclear, or that a Party is not abiding by their obligations.

    Subsidiarity in responding to Court judgments

    However, it is vital to understand the nature of the process that follows a final judgment of the Court of Human Rights that a state has violated the Convention.

    A recurring criticism of the European Court is that it erodes national sovereignty; that when it finds States in breach of the Convention, there is a democratic deficit. Too often their judgments are mischaracterised as an anti-democratic exercise in dictation from abroad.

    Confidence risks being undermined by misconceptions about the relationship between the European court and state parties.

    I therefore want to emphasise the critical role that national authorities have in implementing those judgments.  

    The principle of subsidiarity, captured by Protocol 15 which formally introduced the concept into the preamble to the Convention, means that States have primary responsibility for implementing the Convention rights into their national system.

    It states, ‘the High Contracting Parties, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, have the primary responsibility to secure the rights and freedoms defined in this Convention’.  This recognises that it is domestic authorities with the power and understanding to ensure rights compliance in each country, in light of their cultural values.

    That means that States have to have an effective legal framework which gives practical and meaningful effect to those rights.  In the UK that is the Human Rights Act.

    But it also means that, following a finding of a violation of Convention rights by the Court, states also have the primary responsibility to find a way to give effect to those rulings in a way that works for their particular national context.

    The responsibility for implementing judgments is therefore a shared responsibility between the branches of the State, including the democratically elected branches. This ensures that no judgment ends in Strasbourg. That it finds full, timely implementation at a national level.

    It goes hand in hand with the margin of appreciation – the recognition from the European Court that different countries have different legal, cultural, and social contexts, and therefore, they should be given flexibility in how they interpret and apply the Convention rights.

    Subsidiarity is not subordination; the European Court institutions must still ensure that national authorities keep to their obligations, but the main responsibility for working out how to do so rests with the states, in accordance with their democratic processes. Balancing national sovereignty with respect for universal rights.      

    Subsidiarity is a vital link between the mutually reinforcing principles of democracy, human rights and the rule of law.

    The process for the implementation of judgments is an example of subsidiarity in action: all arms of the state, and civil society, playing their part in deciding the most appropriate way of giving effect to the rulings of the European court.

    UK processes

    Before saying a little about how the UK gives effect to judgments from the European Court, it is worth recalling that the UK has the lowest per capita rate of violations of any party. Last year there were just three judgments against the UK, one finding a violation, one finding no violation and one which was settled. So perhaps with less adverse judgments, we have an easier job ensuring that they are implemented.

    But even with that concession in mind, the UK does implement the judgements of the European Court with a current closure rate of around 98%.

    I want to now offer some reflections on our approach and why I see it as subsidiarity in action.

    The European Convention is given further effect in domestic law through the architecture of the Human Rights Act 1998. That architecture includes a power in section 10 to respond to adverse judgments from the courts – both the European Court of Human Rights and domestic courts.

    This enables the Executive a ‘fast track’ way of introducing legislation into Parliament to remedy the breach of Convention rights which the court has found. How to respond to any adverse decision therefore falls to the democratically elected government to decide.

    But as well as the Executive, the legal framework of the Human Rights Act, and the institutional human rights machinery that has been built in the UK, ensures that both Parliament and civil society also play their part.

    The Joint Committee on Human Rights is the Parliamentary Committee responsible for examining matters relating to human rights. It scrutinises government legislation to ensure that it is compatible with human rights. It also systematically scrutinises the Government’s response to human rights judgments of courts. Where that response is by way of a Remedial Order, the Committee’s terms of reference require it to report on any Remedial Order made under the Human Rights Act, prior to consideration by both Houses of Parliament.

    As part of this process, the Committee often calls for evidence and welcomes input from civil society.

    This system allows for considerable democratic input into the process of responding to a Court judgment. It also offers a high level of democratic scrutiny, ensuring action is taken in response to adverse judgments to protect rights, but recognising that there might be a range of possible responses which satisfy the judgment. It therefore supports the rule of law values of transparency and accountability.

    Let me illustrate with an example. In May 2021 the Grand Chamber found a violation of Articles 8 and 10 in the case of Big Brother Watch and Others v the UK.

    These cases each challenged elements of the UK’s investigatory powers regime. At the time of the judgment, enhanced safeguards had already been introduced, however, there remained issues with Convention compliance.

    The then Government laid before Parliament a proposed Remedial Order to introduce further safeguards into the regime, in particular to offer further protections for journalistic material.

    The Joint Committee on Human Rights published their report, recommending one change to further protect rights. This was accepted by Government. Representations were also received from the Investigatory Powers Commissioner’s Office and the UK Intelligence Community, which were also taken into account.

    The Remedial Order was passed by Parliament and amended the regime to better safeguard the rights of all. An action report of the steps taken was sent to the Committee of Ministers, who closed their supervision of the judgment.

    This is just one example of how the democratically elected government, and Parliament have responded to a judgment from the European Court to ensure not just rights compliance, but rights compliance in the national interest, and on the terms of a sovereign Parliament. The process for responding to a judgment of the Court is subsidiarity in action. Understanding and explaining it as such is vital for maintaining confidence in the credibility and legitimacy of the Convention.

    Conclusion

    We must counter the common perception of the Court’s judgments as a foreign imposition on our national sovereignty and reflect the more nuanced reality. The proper implementation of judgments is an essential pillar of the rule of law.

    But it is also subsidiarity in action; the national authorities, including the democratic branches, debating and deciding how best to respond to a Court judgment, and then working in partnership with the Council of Europe institutions to give effect to our shared values.

    I therefore welcome the focus of this Summer School on this very important issue. There is no justice for victims if judgments are not enforced, because a judgment without execution is a right without remedy. But to secure the public’s confidence in the democratic legitimacy of the system, institutional mechanisms and processes must be developed to ensure meaningful opportunities for political debate about how best to respond to Court judgments.

    Updates to this page

    Published 8 July 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: Enhancing Capacities for the Conservation of World Heritage Sites in Iraq

    Source: UNESCO World Heritage Centre

    Within the framework of the UNESCO/Netherlands Fund-in-Trust project “Strengthening capacities for the documentation and conservation of Properties on the List of World Heritage in Danger in Iraq”, a training workshop was organized by the World Heritage Centre and the UNESCO Office in Iraq, at the Erbil Citadel from 29 April to 8 May 2025. This workshop brought together nineteen participants, including representatives from the Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage (SBAH), managers of World Heritage sites, engineers from the Samarra Governorate, as well as archaeologists and geologists, fostering a collaborative and interdisciplinary learning environment.

    The training, which was carried out in collaboration with experts from CRAterre – the International Centre for Earthen Architecture, aimed to enhance national capacities in the conservation, protection and management of World Heritage properties in Iraq, with a particular emphasis on earthen architecture. The programme offered a balanced integration of theoretical lectures and practical fieldwork at a designated pilot site within the Citadel. Participants received comprehensive in-depth instruction on heritage values, site management strategies, inventory methodologies, and diagnostic techniques for the conservation of earthen archaeological sites.

    © Mr Waleed Khalid Qaddoori

    Practical sessions focused on documentation, assessment of damage, and conservation planning for ancient masonry and earthen architecture. Participants gained hands-on experience working with various types of clay and learned how to select appropriate, cost-effective mixtures for producing high-quality mud bricks.

    The workshop concluded with participant-led presentations, showcasing the application of their newly acquired knowledge to context-specific conservation challenges at the site. This approach contributed to strengthening communication and coordination among professionals committed to safeguarding Iraq’s cultural heritage.

    This initiative was made possible through the generous support of the Government of the Netherlands, provided through the UNESCO/Netherlands Funds-in-Trust (NFiT).

     

    MIL OSI United Nations News –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI China: China’s Tianzhou-8 cargo craft separates from space station combination

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    BEIJING, July 8 — The Tianzhou-8 cargo craft, tasked with carrying supplies for China’s space station, separated from the station combination at 3:09 p.m. Tuesday (Beijing Time) and switched to independent flight, according to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA).

    The cargo craft will re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere in a controlled manner. Most of its components will burn up and be destroyed during the process, while a small amount of debris will fall into designated safe waters, the CMSA said.

    Tianzhou-8 was launched on Nov. 15, 2024 from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in the southern island province of Hainan, and then docked with the orbiting Tiangong space station on Nov. 16.

    MIL OSI China News –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI China: Tengwang Pavilion scenic area in Nanchang City, China’s Jiangxi

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    Tengwang Pavilion scenic area in Nanchang City, China’s Jiangxi

    Updated: July 8, 2025 19:52 Xinhua
    An aerial drone photo taken on July 7, 2025 shows a view of the Tengwang Pavilion scenic area in the morning light in Nanchang City, east China’s Jiangxi Province. The Tengwang Pavilion, the 29th iteration in its 1,400-year history, features intricately carved beams and vibrantly painted rafters. It stands majestically along the banks of the Ganjiang River, which winds through eastern China’s Jiangxi Province. About 90 percent of the scenic area has been open to the public for free as of Jan. 1 this year when a northward expansion project was fully completed. [Photo/Xinhua]
    An aerial drone photo taken on July 7, 2025 shows a view of the Tengwang Pavilion scenic area in the morning light in Nanchang City, east China’s Jiangxi Province. [Photo/Xinhua]

    MIL OSI China News –

    July 9, 2025

  • MIL-OSI: HVAC Financing for Bad Credit and No Credit Check Near Me in USA

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    MIAMI, Fla., July 08, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — 50KLoans, a leading online loan-matching platform, has officially announced the launch of its nationwide HVAC financing service, focused on helping Americans afford new HVAC systems, regardless of credit history. This expansion includes flexible HVAC financing bad credit options and is now available across all 50 states.

    With rising temperatures and increasing energy demands, more homeowners are urgently seeking new HVAC system financing. But for many, high upfront costs and limited credit access make it difficult. That’s where 50KLoans steps in, offering financing new HVAC solutions with fast approvals, even for those seeking no credit check HVAC financing near me.

    See If You Qualify for HVAC Financing with Bad Credit >>

    New HVAC System Financing for Homes Across the USA

    The new HVAC financing platform by 50KLoans connects users with a trusted network of lenders offering personalized loan options ranging from $1,000 to $50,000. Whether you’re replacing a broken system or upgrading to a more energy-efficient model, applicants can explore a wide variety of HVAC financing options online, without visiting a bank or filling out piles of paperwork.

    Key Benefits:

    • Loan amounts from $1000 – $50000
    • HVAC financing bad credit accepted, no minimum credit score required
    • Flexible terms from 6 to 120 months
    • Fast decisions and next-day funding are available
    • Nationwide access to HVAC financing near me

    “Our goal is to make HVAC system financing more inclusive,” said a spokesperson for 50KLoans. “We believe that every household deserves clean air and comfortable living, and our new platform makes that achievable, even for those with poor or limited credit.”

    Match with HVAC Financing Options Near Me in 2 Minutes >>

    No Credit Check HVAC Financing Near Me: What You Need to Know

    Whether you’re facing an emergency HVAC breakdown or planning a long-term upgrade, the platform offers targeted HVAC financing options for:

    • New HVAC system financing: Full replacements or major upgrades
    • Emergency HVAC repairs: Compressor, blower motor, duct, or refrigerant-related fixes
    • Energy-efficient system installations: Central air, ductless mini-splits, smart thermostats
    • Bad credit financing: Lenders who consider income, employment, or alternative credit metrics

    How to Apply for HVAC Financing Near Me with No Credit Check

    Getting started is quick and fully online:

    1. Visit 50KLoans and choose “HVAC Financing”
    2. Fill out a simple 2-minute pre-qualification form
    3. Get matched with lenders offering HVAC financing near me and online options
    4. Compare offers and select the best one
    5. Get funds, often by the next business day

    FAQs

    Can I qualify for HVAC financing with bad credit?
    Yes. 50KLoans partners with lenders who offer HVAC financing bad credit options, even with no credit or poor credit history.

    Is this HVAC financing available near me?
    Absolutely. 50KLoans connects users nationwide with lenders offering HVAC financing near me and remote funding options.

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    Media Contact
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    Email: mukesh@paydayventures.com

    Disclaimer: 50KLoans is not a lender and does not make credit decisions. Loan approval, rates, and terms are determined by third-party lenders based on applicant eligibility. Availability and legal restrictions may vary by state. Always read the terms carefully before borrowing.

    The MIL Network –

    July 8, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Press release – MEPs debate the Danish Presidency’s priorities with Prime Minister Frederiksen

    Source: European Parliament 3

    On Tuesday, Mette Frederiksen outlined Denmark’s goals for its six-month long EU Council presidency and the country’s ‘strong Europe in a changing world’ strategy.

    Welcoming the Danish Prime Minister, EP President Metsola said Denmark assumes the Presidency at a critical moment, and the presidency’s slogan, ‘A strong Europe in a changing world’ captures exactly what is needed. President Metsola said Denmark is well placed to lead Europe by example and said that Parliament is ready to cooperate across all issues, while highlighting the particular importance of the upcoming EU long-term budget.

    Prime Minister Frederiksen said the EU is facing the greatest international challenges the world has experienced since the 1940s, geopolitical and economic competition, and rising levels of conflict.

    She said that Europe must take responsibility for its own security by investing more and strengthening its defence industry so that by 2030 the EU will be able to defend itself. To face the military threat from Russia, Europe must also continue to support Ukraine’s fight for peace and freedom. The Prime Minister stressed the EU’s support for Ukraine is not charity but also benefits the EU’s own defence. On migration she said citizens expect Europe to find new solutions and stressed the need to strengthen the EU’s external borders, lower the influx of migrants, and make returns easier and more efficient.

    Ms Frederiksen added that a competitive and green Europe is becoming a top priority for all as Europe falls behind globally. On the climate change and biodiversity crisis she said Europe must continue pushing for a global green transition and that an ambitious EU 2040 climate target needs to be agreed quickly to show global leadership and predictability for companies. On the EU’s next long-term budget, she was in favour of making it more flexible, simplified, better equipped to deal with unforeseen events, and more focused on EU political priorities.


    Reactions by MEPs

    In their interventions, many MEPs welcomed the focus of the Danish presidency on defence and competiveness. Europe must strengthen its defence industry and cooperation with its allies, several MEPs added. Some MEPs demanded the implementation of the Draghi report and said it should be easier for small and medium sized businesses to grow.

    The next long-term budget must be fair and focused on people’s needs, several MEPs added. The Danish presidency should speed up the green transition and work towards agreeing on the 2040 climate target announced by the Commission.

    A number of MEPs called for more efforts to tackle illegal migration, and some stressed the necessity of helping those in need arriving in Europe, while others called for permanent border controls.

    You can watch the debate again here.

    MIL OSI Europe News –

    July 8, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Video: Civil 20 (C20) South Africa briefs the media on the road to the G20 summit.

    Source: Republic of South Africa (video statements)

    Civil 20 (C20) South Africa briefs the media on the road to the G20 summit.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5Xn4odiU2E

    MIL OSI Video –

    July 8, 2025

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Death of Lord Tebbit

    Source: Traditional Unionist Voice – Northern Ireland

    Statement by TUV Leader Jim Allister KC MP:

    “I am deeply saddened to learn of the passing of Lord Tebbit.

    “His personal courage and unyielding determination following the IRA’s brutal Brighton bombing in 1984 revealed the measure of the man. The steadfast devotion he showed to his beloved wife — left paralysed by Republican terrorists — was a testimony to all that is noble in the human spirit when confronted by unrelenting evil.

    “That some, even in the hour of his death, choose to criticise his resolute opposition to the wickedness of the IRA says more about them than about him. Their disdain for innocent victims and willingness to trample justice underfoot in the name of appeasement is shameful.

    “I extend my sincere condolences to Lord Tebbit’s family and trust that they will know comfort and sustaining grace in the days to come.”

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –

    July 8, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Xi Jinping stresses resource-based economy transformation, advancing China’s modernization during inspection tour of Shanxi Province

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: People’s Republic of China in Russian – People’s Republic of China in Russian –

    An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    TAIYUAN, July 8 (Xinhua) — Chinese President Xi Jinping has called on north China’s Shanxi Province to further promote the transformation of resource-based economy development and write a new chapter in China’s modernization drive.

    Xi Jinping, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee (CPC Central Committee) and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remarks during his inspection tour of Shanxi province from Monday to Tuesday. -0-

    Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    .

    MIL OSI Russia News –

    July 8, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan Open New Border Checkpoint

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: People’s Republic of China in Russian – People’s Republic of China in Russian –

    An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    ALMATY, July 8 (Xinhua) — Tajik President Emomali Rahmon and Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov took part in the opening ceremony of the Tojvaron-Karamik checkpoint on the border of the two countries online, the Khovar news agency reported on Tuesday.

    The opening ceremony took place as part of S. Japarov’s visit to Tajikistan to participate in high-level negotiations between the governments of the two states.

    The ceremony was held with the participation of the leadership and residents of the Lakhsh and Chon-Alai districts of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. –0–

    Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    .

    MIL OSI Russia News –

    July 8, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Presidents of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan held talks in Dushanbe

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: People’s Republic of China in Russian – People’s Republic of China in Russian –

    An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    ALMATY, July 8 (Xinhua) — High-level talks were held in Dushanbe between Tajik President Emomali Rahmon and Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov, the Khovar news agency reported on Tuesday.

    Following the negotiations, a ceremony of signing new cooperation documents took place with the participation of the heads of the two states.

    A Joint Statement between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic, an Agreement on Confidence-Building Measures, an Agreement on the Establishment of the Tajik-Kyrgyz Intergovernmental Council, etc. were signed.

    In total, the governments of the two states signed 14 documents. –0–

    Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    .

    MIL OSI Russia News –

    July 8, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Russia: China is ready to share its achievements in the field of military equipment development with friendly countries – Defense Ministry

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: People’s Republic of China in Russian – People’s Republic of China in Russian –

    An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    BEIJING, July 8 (Xinhua) — China always takes a prudent and responsible approach to military exports and is willing to share its achievements in military technology development with friendly countries, Chinese Defense Ministry spokesperson Jiang Bin said on Tuesday.

    He made the remarks while commenting on recent reports that some countries are in talks with China over plans to purchase weapons, including J-10 fighter jets.

    Jiang Bin also stressed China’s commitment to playing a constructive role in maintaining peace and stability both in the region and around the world. -0-

    Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    .

    MIL OSI Russia News –

    July 8, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Wang Yi to attend series of ASEAN Plus Foreign Ministers’ Meetings

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: People’s Republic of China in Russian – People’s Republic of China in Russian –

    An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    BEIJING, July 8 (Xinhua) — Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi will attend a series of foreign ministerial meetings in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from July 10 to 11, a Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman said on Tuesday.

    Wang Yi, also a member of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee, will attend the China-ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, the ASEAN Plus Three (China, Japan and the Republic of Korea) Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, and the East Asia Summit and ASEAN Regional Forum Foreign Ministers’ Meetings, a Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman said. -0-

    Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    .

    MIL OSI Russia News –

    July 8, 2025

  • NITI Aayog releases second edition of the North Eastern Region District SDG Index (2023-24)

    Source: Government of India

    Source: Government of India (4)

    NITI Aayog on Monday released the second edition of the North Eastern Region (NER) District Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Index Report (2023-24). Developed by NITI Aayog and the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (MoDoNER), with technical support from UNDP, the Index assesses the performance of 121 districts across the eight North Eastern states on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

    The index, which builds upon the first edition released in August 2021, is a vital tool for tracking progress on development goals across social, economic, and environmental indicators. It enables data-driven planning and monitoring at the district level.

    The report was released by NITI Aayog Vice Chairman Suman Bery, CEO B.V.R. Subrahmanyam, MoDoNER Secretary Chanchal Kumar, and UNDP Resident Representative Dr. Angela Lusigi.

    Hnahthial in Mizoram emerged as the top-performing district with a composite score of 81.43, while Longding in Arunachal Pradesh ranked lowest at 58.71. All districts in Mizoram, Sikkim, and Tripura achieved the Front Runner status (scores between 65–99), with none in the Achiever (score of 100) or Aspirant (score below 50) categories.

    Sikkim showed the most consistent performance across districts, with only a 5.5-point difference between the highest and lowest scoring districts. Tripura also performed strongly with minimal intra-state variation.

    Speaking at the launch, Suman Bery emphasized the importance of achieving SDG targets by 2030 as a milestone toward the vision of Viksit Bharat @2047. CEO Subrahmanyam reiterated the central role of the Northeast, calling it the “Ashta Lakshmi” of India. MoDoNER Secretary Chanchal Kumar highlighted the index’s utility in identifying gaps and guiding interventions, while Dr. Lusigi stressed the need to translate data into meaningful action.

    The NER District SDG Index 2023–24 serves as a key policy tool for evidence-based governance, resource allocation, and accelerating sustainable and inclusive development in the region.

    July 8, 2025

  • No directions issued to close inactive Jan Dhan accounts, says Finance Ministry

    Source: Government of India

    Source: Government of India (4)

    The Department of Financial Services (DFS) under the Ministry of Finance on Tuesday clarified that no instructions have been issued to banks for closing inactive accounts under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY).

    The statement came amid reports in sections of the media claiming that the government had asked banks to shut down dormant Jan Dhan accounts. Terming such reports incorrect, the DFS reiterated that no such directive has been given.

    In an official note, the department stated that it continues to monitor inoperative Jan Dhan accounts and has advised banks to reach out to account holders to encourage them to make their accounts active.

    To strengthen the use of the Jan Dhan scheme and other financial inclusion initiatives, a three-month national campaign was launched by DFS on July 1. The campaign aims to boost adoption of schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana and Atal Pension Yojana alongside Jan Dhan accounts.

    As part of this exercise, banks have been asked to complete re-KYC processes for eligible accounts and spread awareness about the benefits of keeping these accounts active.

    The department also noted that the total number of Jan Dhan accounts has been consistently rising and that no instances of large-scale closure of inactive accounts have come to its notice.

     

     

    July 8, 2025

  • Spain: More than 18,000 people in lockdown as wildfire rages in Catalonia

    Source: Government of India

    Source: Government of India (4)

    Spanish authorities ordered more than 18,000 residents of the northeastern Tarragona province to remain indoors on Tuesday and several dozen were evacuated as a wildfire raged out of control, consuming almost 3,000 hectares (7,413 acres) of vegetation.

    Large parts of Spain are on high alert for wildfires after the country experienced its hottest June on record. Two people died in a wildfire on July 1 in the region of Catalonia where Tarragona is located.

    The latest fire broke out early on Monday in a remote area near the village of Pauls, where strong winds and rugged terrain have hampered firefighting efforts, authorities said. An emergency military unit was deployed early on Tuesday alongside more than 300 firefighters working in the area.

    “Since midnight, firefighters have been battling the blaze with gusts of wind reaching up to 90 kilometres per hour (56 miles per hour),” Catalonia’s regional firefighting service said, adding that the strong Mistral wind was expected to ease by the afternoon.

    Overnight, fire engines raced the winding roads of the Pauls Mountains, surrounded by flames, as crews assessed and tried to contain the blaze.

    In the neighbouring villages of Xerta and Aldover, residents spent a sleepless night as the flames threatened their homes.

    “(There has been) a lot of fear and a lot of crying because we are already on the edge of the fire. Last night, because of the wind that was blowing the fire and the smoke, we couldn’t leave our house. Terrible, this has never been seen before,” Rosa Veleda, 76, told Reuters.

    Authorities said they had prevented the fire from spreading across the Ebro River, which would have worsened the situation. Approximately 30% of the affected area lies within the Ports Natural Park, and officials are investigating the fire’s origins.

    (Reuters)

    July 8, 2025

  • Gaza ceasefire can be reached but may take more time, Israeli officials say

    Source: Government of India

    Source: Government of India (4)

    Gaps in Gaza ceasefire talks under way in Qatar between Israel and Palestinian militant group Hamas can be bridged but it may take more than a few days to reach a deal, Israeli officials said on Tuesday.

    The new push by U.S., Qatari and Egyptian mediators to halt fighting in the battered enclave has gained pace since Sunday when the warring sides began indirect talks in Doha and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu set out to Washington.

    Netanyahu met on Monday with U.S. President Donald Trump, who said on the eve of their meeting that a ceasefire and hostage deal could be reached this week. The Israeli leader was scheduled to meet Vice President J.D. Vance on Tuesday.

    Trump’s envoy Steve Witkoff, who played a major role in crafting the ceasefire proposal, will travel to Doha this week to join discussions there, White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt told reporters earlier on Monday.

    The ceasefire proposal envisages a phased release of hostages, Israeli troop withdrawals from parts of Gaza and discussions on ending the war entirely.

    Hamas has long demanded an end to the war before it would free remaining hostages; Israel has insisted it would not agree to end the fighting until all hostages are released and Hamas dismantled. At least 20 of the remaining 50 hostages in Gaza are believed to still be alive.

    Palestinian sources said on Monday that there were gaps between the sides on the entry of humanitarian aid into Gaza.

    Senior Israeli officials briefing journalists in Washington said it may take more than a few days to finalize agreements in Doha but they did not elaborate on the sticking points. Another Israeli official said progress had been made.

    Israeli minister Zeev Elkin, who sits in Netanyahu’s security cabinet, said that there was “a substantial chance” a ceasefire will be agreed. “Hamas wants to change a few central matters, it’s not simple, but there is progress,” he told Israel’s public broadcaster Kan on Tuesday.

    The war began on October 7 2023, when Hamas-led militants stormed into Israel, killing around 1,200 people and taking 251 hostages into Gaza.

    Israel’s subsequent campaign against Hamas in Gaza has since killed more than 57,000 Palestinians, according to local health authorities, displaced almost the entire population of more than 2 million people, sparked a humanitarian crisis in the enclave and left much of the territory in ruins.

    In Gaza City, children walked through debris, where residents said an Israeli airstrike had hit overnight, with children among the casualties. The Israeli military did not immediately provide details on the target of the strike.

    “We hope that a ceasefire will be reached and that the massacres against the Palestinian people will stop,” said Mohammed Joundiya, standing in the rubble left in the aftermath of the attack.

    At Israel’s parliament in Jerusalem, former hostage Keith Siegel, who was released in February in a previous ceasefire, described the anguish of those held incommunicado for hundreds of days in Hamas captivity. “We have a window of opportunity to save lives,” he said, “every minute is critical.”

    (Reuters)

    July 8, 2025

  • MIL-OSI Security: Combating serious organised crime focal point for Danish EU Presidency

    Source: Eurojust

    With regards to Justice, Denmark will put a strong focus on combating serious cross-border and organised crime during its Presidency of the Council of the European Union. Denmark took over the Presidency of the Council from Poland, last week.

    Representative for Denmark at Eurojust, Ms Kirstine Troldborg, stated: ‘Having started as Representative for Denmark only a few months ago, it’s a great honour to collaborate with my colleague prosecutors at Eurojust on the Danish EU Presidency. We share common goals, and the fight against serious cross-border and organised crime, which has a serious human and societal impact, is the priority we will work on together, bringing in our specific judicial expertise.’

    Fighting serious organised crime was also a priority for the Polish EU Presidency and builds on the work of the European Judicial Organised Crime Network (EJOCN), which is hosted at Eurojust. Established in September 2024, the EJOCN brings together specialised prosecutors to take a more strategic and coordinated approach to combating major organised crime groups, which increasingly operate on a global scale.

    The Danish priority of tackling major organised crime will further strengthen and support the work of the EJOCN and cross-border judicial cooperation in this area. Denmark will also focus on strengthening judicial protection and law enforcement authorities’ ability to fight online activities. 

    Throughout its Presidency, Denmark will ensure the protection of fundamental rights.

    MIL Security OSI –

    July 8, 2025
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