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Category: DJF

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: 18 June 2025 Donors making a difference: refugees and migrants

    Source: World Health Organisation

    Today, more than one billion people, about one in eight globally, are on the move, driven by war, conflict, disasters, environmental degradation or economic instability. Migration and displacement are powerful social determinants of health, shaping how and whether people can access the health conditions they need to survive and thrive.

    Climate change, recognized as a “threat multiplier”, worsens food insecurity, disrupts livelihoods, and fuels further displacement. Whether by choice or forced, being on the move is a part of human life, but for many, it brings disproportionate exposure to risk, inequality, and exclusion from basic health services.

    Refugees, migrants, and internally displaced persons (IDPs) frequently face unsafe journeys and precarious living conditions, often with limited access to clean water, adequate nutrition, sanitation, or shelter. Their susceptibility to communicable diseases is increased by the environmental risk factors related to their precarious living and working conditions. Many also face barriers to managing noncommunicable diseases, accessing maternal and newborn care, or receiving mental health support.

    Thanks to the support of donors and partners, WHO works with governments and communities to deliver inclusive, equitable, and context-sensitive health services to people on the move. This includes immunization, disease surveillance, chronic disease management, reproductive and mental health care, support for health system resilience, amongst other efforts.

    These contributions are grounded in the recognition that health is a human right, and that universal health coverage must be inclusive of all people, regardless of migratory status. The stories presented below show how rapid, compassionate action can protect lives and advance dignity, equity, and resilience, especially in times of crisis.

    Landmark cholera vaccination campaign offers hope to Rohingya refugee camps

    A young girl receives the OCV vaccine in one of the remote blocks of camp. Photo by: WHO/Mehnaz Manzur

    Cholera has been endemic in Bangladesh for decades, with seasonal peaks. It has remained a major health concern in the Rohingya refugee camps since 2017.

    In a major joint effort, the Government of Bangladesh, with support from WHO, UNHCR, and health sector partners, launched a landmark cholera vaccination campaign in the Rohingya refugee camps on 12 January 2025. This initiative focused on children aged one year and older, following a rise in cholera cases detected through WHO’s disease monitoring system in both the camps and nearby host communities.

    The five-day vaccination campaign aimed to reach 943 174 people across 33 camps and Bhasan Char Island. Over 1 700 community health workers, supervisors, and health sector partners visited 194 907 households to administer the single-dose Euvichol Plus vaccine.

    Read the full story.

    Delivering lifesaving health services for flood-displaced families in Nigeria

    Delivering lifesaving health services for flood-displaced families in Nigeria. Photo by: WHO/Nigeria

    Borno state, in northeastern Nigeria, was severely impacted by recent floods, in September 2024, which displaced over 400 000 people. Almost 90 000 people in vulnerable situations were forced to take shelter in temporary camps with limited access to food, clean water and health services.

    Displaced populations are at especially high risk from malnutrition, and diseases such as cholera, malaria and measles in a region where health systems are already fragile and strained.

    Recognizing urgent health need, WHO, with financial support from USAID and the Government of Germany, deployed five mobile health teams made up of 35 public health experts, to provide routine immunization, maternal care and clinical services. So far, 34 camps and over 93 000 households have been reached and informed about how to prevent epidemic-prone diseases and adopt healthy household practices.

    Read the full story.

    Bringing health care closer to displaced communities in Somalia

    WHO drought response activities in affected districts in Somalia. Photo by: WHO/Somalia

    Somalia experienced a severe drought in 2022-2023. Donors responded swiftly with increased funding to save lives by treating severe acute malnutrition and the prevention and management of disease outbreaks.

    This support enabled WHO to meet urgent health needs while also investing in the long-term capacity of local health services. For example, the Sinkadheer health centre in Al-Adalada camp, west of Mogadishu, provides a full range of services through the Integrated Health and Nutrition Programme. The centre helps ensure access to essential health care for families who might otherwise face financial or logistical barriers to treatment.

    Supported by the European Commission Humanitarian Aid (ECHO), the German Federal Foreign Office, and other partners, the programme continues to improve health outcomes for Somali mothers and children, promoting dignity and resilience in the context of displacement. Each day, the centre serves around 200 patients, primarily from nearby internally displaced communities, offering primary health care, nutritional support, and services to prevent malnutrition.

    Read the full story.

    Bridging gaps in health and nutrition services for IDPs and crisis-affected communities in Ethiopia

    Bridging gaps in health and nutrition services for IDPs and crisis-affected communities in Amhara, Ethiopia. Photo by: WHO/Ethiopia

    Since November 2021, Ethiopia’s Amhara region has faced complex and protracted humanitarian crises driven by internal armed conflict, multiple disease outbreaks, and climate-related shocks- including drought and floods. The region also witnessed a growing influx of people fleeing conflict in neighbouring Sudan. Nearly a million internally displaced persons (IDPs) are living across 38 collective sites and host communities, alongside hundreds of thousands of refugees and returnees.

    To ensure access to essential health services for displaced and crisis-impacted populations, WHO, in collaboration with regional government authorities, deployed Mobile Health and Nutrition Teams. As displacements increased, the number of mobile teams was scaled up to 19 in April 2024, comprising 132 health workers. This increase was made possible through support from the European Commission Humanitarian Aid (ECHO), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the UN Central Emergency Response Fund (UNCERF), and the People and Government of Japan.

    These teams have provided over 124 250 medical consultations, including referrals for patients requiring specialized care. Services include primary health care, immunizations, maternal and child health support, nutritional care, mental health and psychosocial support, and first-line assistance for survivors of gender-based violence. They also address both communicable and noncommunicable diseases, helping ensure that health care is available and accessible to all.

    Read the full story.

    Health on the frontlines: caring for Haiti’s displaced population

    A mobile clinic organized at the Lycée Argentine Bellegarde IDP site. Photo by: WHO/PAHO

    Since February 2024, Haiti has faced an escalating security crisis from escalating gang violence, political instability, and a humanitarian emergency, placing further strain on the country’s already overstretched health system. This has significantly disrupted access to health care for millions in Haiti.

    The crisis has most severely affected people living in precarious conditions, including the approximately 86 000 individuals residing across 84 IDPs sites of the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince.

    To help maintain access to essential services, mobile clinics have been established by the Ouest Department’s health authorities with the support from PAHO/WHO and other partners such as UNCERF. Disease surveillance activities have also been reactivated, including for cholera, through the deployment of surveillance and response teams to each site- helping to detect and respond efficiently to potential outbreaks.

    Read the full story.

    Support for public health emergency preparedness and response in Niger

    WHO medicines and medical supplies donation in Diffa, Niger. Photo by: WHO/Niger

    In March 2024, WHO delivered 16 tons of medicines and medical supplies valued at nearly 100 million FCFA (US$ 170 000) to health facilities across eight regions of Niger, which host large numbers of IDPs, refugees, and returnees.

    This donation, funded through UNCERF and WHO’s own resources, include medical consumables and treatment kits for pneumonia, meningitis, malaria, diphtheria, cholera, and other common illnesses.

    “This donation comes at a crucial time when our health system in the Diffa region is under significant pressure. We will be able to strengthen access to quality health care and save the lives of the people of Diffa, who are already facing emergencies related to the growing number of IDPs, refugees and returnees,” said Colonel-Major Dr Garba Hakimi, Minister of Public Health, Population and Social Affairs.

    Read the full story (French).

    Lessons from Malta: advancing refugee and migrant health

    Valetta from waterfront. Photo by: WHO/Marc Gallego

    As an island located at the heart of the Mediterranean, Malta has long been a transitional stop for people on the move. Today, it is home to over 11 000 refugees and 2 000 asylum seekers, primarily from Bangladesh, Libya, Syria, Sudan and Ukraine.

    With co-funding from the European Union, WHO, in partnership with Malta’s Ministry for Health and Active Ageing, hosted the first Knowledge Forum on Refugee and Migrant Health in Malta in April 2024.

    The Forum brought together government officials, humanitarian organizations, civil society, United Nations agencies, and other stakeholders to share knowledge, exchange experiences, identify opportunities for collaboration, and advance the implementation of WHO’s European Region Action Plan for Refugee and Migrant Health 2023–2030.

    Read the full story.

    Acknowledgments

    The donors and partners acknowledged in this story are (in alphabetical order) European Commission Humanitarian Aid (ECHO), European Union, Germany, Japan, United Nations Central Emergency Response Fund (UNCERF), and United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

    Thank you also to UNHCR for its strong partnership in responding to the needs of refugees.

    WHO’s work is made possible through all contributions of our Member States and partners. WHO thanks all donor countries, governments, organizations and individuals who are contributing to the Organization’s work, with special appreciation for those who provide fully flexible contributions to maintain a strong, independent WHO.

    MIL OSI United Nations News –

  • MIL-OSI Canada: The Government of Canada invests in flood mapping and adaptation projects

    Source: Government of Canada News

    On June 18, 2025, the Government of Canada announced an investment of $6.8 million in 20 projects across the country through the Flood Hazard Identification and Mapping Program (FHIMP), which is funded under Canada’s National Adaptation Strategy.

    Environment and Climate Change Canada is investing $3.3 million in nine projects focused on advancing flood mapping science nationally and bringing together Canadian research institutions and departmental scientists. The projects will leverage the expertise of Canadian universities and researchers to advance the science used in the creation of current, accessible flood maps that can account for the uncertainty of climate change.

    (Please see below for Natural Resources Canada’s project descriptions.)

    Here are the project descriptions:

    Probabilistic predictions of hydrological extremes across timescales and their information—theoretical evaluation

    Recipient: University of British Columbia – $165,900

    This project will use machine learning to improve flood predictions for areas with and without water level monitoring stations. The project goal is to create models that predict the chances of floods for multiple locations in British Columbia and the Yukon, making these predictions more accurate and reliable for extreme events.

    Hydrologic-hydraulic modelling framework for improving dynamic ice-jam flood mapping under a changing climate

    Recipient: The Governors of the University of Alberta – $612,400

    Researchers will develop a system using surface water, river, and ice modelling to better understand stream flows during ice jams and breakup, specifically in areas where data is limited. This will improve ice-jam flood mapping while considering the effects of climate change.

    Developing a consolidated flood frequency analysis system for Canada in a changing climate

    Lead Recipient: University of Calgary – $770,200

    Consortium with University of Saskatchewan and McMaster University

    Researchers will use weather and water-related models, along with statistical methods, to understand how climate change affects surface water across Canada. The goal of this work is to better understand future flood risks, improve flood mapping methods and standards, and support better decision-making and policy development. This project will also make it easier for researchers and flood mapping professionals to share knowledge and information.

    Integrated framework for assessing compound coastal and inland flooding under climate change across Canada 

    Recipient: University of Western Ontario – $180,000

    The goal of this project is to better understand how different types of floods combine (like coastal and river floods) by studying different causes of flooding in a changing climate. The project will develop a system for analyzing data to look at the expected changes in how often and how intense coastal and inland floods will be. The impacts of these combined floods will be studied through the creation of models and maps.

    Climate change and hurricane impacts to Atlantic coasts

    Lead Recipient: Queen’s University – $350,800

    Consortium with Dalhousie University

    Researchers will develop computer models to predict flooding from extreme storms along Atlantic coastlines. The goal of this research is to improve floodplain mapping and to predict future coastal flood risks under changing environmental conditions.

    Assessment of emerging technologies to optimize ice-jam flood risk assessment and mapping

    Recipient: Université Laval – $232,200

    Researchers will use satellite and computer mapping techniques to better predict flood risks caused by ice jams along the Peace River and Athabasca River in Alberta, and the Chaudière River in Quebec. Researchers hope to assess a new method for measuring water levels with ice cover and develop a tool to help identify areas prone to ice jams. By increasing the understanding of winter water levels and ice conditions, the project aims to improve flood modelling and flood risk assessments.

    Estimation of intensity-duration-frequency curves for precipitation under current and future climatic conditions across the entire Canadian territory

    Recipient: Polytechnique Montréal – $272,900

    Researchers will use existing rainfall data, along with weather and climate data available from the Canadian Surface Reanalysis (CaSR) to develop new rainfall predictions that can be applied to any location in Canada. The results of this project will help with infrastructure design, stormwater management, and safety planning.

    Machine learning for enhanced hydrodynamic and flood-impact modelling in cold-region rivers

    Recipient: Polytechnique Montréal – $330,900

    Researchers will develop a new system that can quickly and accurately predict river flow in cold regions. The system will combine machine learning with surface water, river, and physics-based models. The goal of this project is to improve flood modelling and management, infrastructure planning, and environmental studies.

    Accounting for hydroclimate modelling uncertainty in the assessment of future flood zones

    Recipient: Ouranos – $365,400

    This project aims to improve the Province of Quebec’s ability to assess future flood risks in a changing climate. Multiple Environment and Climate Change Canada modelling tools will be added to the Government of Quebec’s flood mapping program. This research will create regional forecasts for all of Canada, model river flows in southern Quebec and add peak flow data into a tool to help engineers study future climate risks.

    Natural Resources Canada is investing $2.8 million in eight projects to develop and improve approaches to regional flood modelling. Natural Resources Canada is investing an additional $750,000 to support three projects focused on the exchange between Indigenous Traditional Knowledge and other scientific practices related to flood hazard mapping.

    From fine to regional scales: Using physics-informed artificial intelligence and remote sensing for flood modelling and hazard mapping

    Recipient: University of Saskatchewan – $181,700

    The project will create innovative methods to generate and produce flood hazard maps for the Assiniboine River Basin to help decision-makers better understand risk and uncertainty. Lastly, the recipient will design a user-friendly interface to view the maps.

    Deep learning-based resolution enhancement of flood maps

    Recipient: CE Flood Analytics Ltd. – $143,812

    The project will deliver a tool for local, regional, and national stakeholders to enhance the resolution of existing flood map products using machine learning and Natural Resources Canada’s high-resolution terrain model, the High-Resolution Digital Elevation Model (HRDEM). This tool will offer a low-cost solution to create high-resolution flood maps from global or regional models, making it accessible for non-expert stakeholders.

    Regional flood modelling and mapping in the South Nation River Basin: Using new and innovative tools to map floods and build knowledge of flood risk under different flood scenarios

    Recipient: South Nation River Conservation Authority – $430,355

    The project will compare innovative flood mapping techniques with traditional methods and assess flood risks under various climate scenarios. The results will support land-use planning and establish new flood mapping techniques, aiding both scientific research and practical decision-making in a rapidly growing region.

    Improved model-based techniques for estimating low-frequency flood event magnitudes across Canada

    Recipient: University of Waterloo – $595,000

    The project will develop advanced techniques for estimating the uncertain magnitude of low-frequency flood events (e.g., 50-year, 100-year, and 200-year floods) using hydrological models enhanced by machine learning. They will assess alternative data sources to improve predictions of flood magnitudes at a regional scale.

    Local-scale current and projected future total flood hazard mapping for Canada – literature review

    Recipient: Slobodan P. Simonović Consulting Ltd. – $45,453

    The recipient will review global methodologies for creating national-scale flood hazard maps to identify approaches suitable for implementation in Canada. This review will cover methods for mapping fluvial, pluvial, and coastal flood hazards at various scales under changing climate conditions. The project will explore the integration of AI and remote sensing to refine regional flood maps and will identify applicable and climate-focused methods and tools to support flood hazard assessment in Canada.

    State-of-the-art AI model development for reliable and accurate flood mapping under climate change: Supercharging flood mapping

    Recipient: The Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning/McGill University – $257,600

    The project will evaluate the use of transformer models for predicting water levels in Canadian watersheds that consider the uncertainty of climate change. They will deliver improved prediction models for approximately 300 locations (gauges) across Canada, making these tools accessible to researchers, decision-makers, and local communities. Expected results include detailed water level predictions for three climate scenarios.

    Amélioration de la modélisation régionale des inondations fluviales basée sur les données LiDAR dans différents contextes géomorphologiques au Canada (French only)

    Recipient: Concordia University – $773,741

    The project will result in a simplified methodology for flood zone mapping, including open access computer programs and an application guide. Expected results include flood maps, hydraulic models, and a final report for governments and other stakeholders to improve flood risk management and raise public awareness.

    Research investigation towards the compound flooding risks and the accuracy and uncertainty of island-wide flood mapping for Prince Edward Island

    Recipient: Canadian Centre for Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Prince Edward Island – $459,266

    This project will enhance island-wide pluvial flood modeling for Prince Edward Island, addressing critical challenges to support the provincial government in developing more robust flood hazard maps.

    Dene Nàhodhe (in tune with nature): Indigenous perspectives on flood hazard and response in Kluane First Nation (KFN) traditional territory

    Recipient: Kátł’odeeche First Nation – $250,000

    The recipient will create Kluane First Nation (KFN) flood hazard datasets that integrate Indigenous Knowledge and western science to improve flood data availability and understanding. The project will also develop culturally appropriate policy tools for flood mitigation and support knowledge transfer of Indigenous flood response strategies within the community, especially from Elders to Youth.

    Sqéwqel’s Indigenous Knowledge interweaving

    Recipient: Seabird Island Band – $250,000

    The project will enhance resilience and preparedness among Seabird Island Band and neighbouring communities against flood hazards by leveraging Indigenous Traditional Knowledge through the development of participatory tools, comprehensive traditional knowledge studies, and inclusive engagement processes.

    Harmonizing hydrology and heritage: Indigenous Knowledge-driven flood mapping for six First Nations

    Recipient: Tribal Chiefs Ventures Inc. (TCVI) – $250,000

    The recipient will create a robust, culturally informed flood hazard mapping system that integrates traditional Indigenous Knowledge with modern GIS and hydrological modelling techniques. The goal is to strengthen community resilience to flooding by improving preparedness, risk identification, and disaster management planning.

    MIL OSI Canada News –

  • MIL-OSI Canada: The Government of Canada is investing in flood mapping and adaptation projects

    Source: Government of Canada News

    June 18, 2025 – Gatineau, Quebec

    Canadians are experiencing record-breaking climate events—from wildfires and extreme heat waves to floods and extreme cold. Flood events are among the costliest impacts of climate change, causing significant damage to communities and infrastructure. It is now more important than ever to provide Canadians with high-quality data and insight as we adapt to the impacts of our changing climate.

    To that end, the Government of Canada today announced an investment of $6.8 million for 20 projects across the country through the Flood Hazard Identification and Mapping Program, as part of Canada’s National Adaptation Strategy.

    Environment and Climate Change Canada is investing $3.3 million in nine projects focused on advancing flood mapping science nationally and bringing together Canadian research institutions and departmental scientists. This science and research will gather the information needed to better understand the areas in Canada that are at the highest risk for damaging floods. Building this critical groundwork will result in more reliable tools for a resilient and thriving Canadian economy and for Canadians to protect themselves.

    Natural Resources Canada is investing $2.8 million in eight projects to develop and improve regional flood modelling approaches to advance flood hazard information coverage throughout Canada. Natural Resources Canada is investing an additional $750,000 to support three projects focused on the exchange between Indigenous Traditional Knowledge and other scientific practices related to flood hazard mapping. These projects will lead to a smarter, stronger, and more resilient future for Canadian-built infrastructure and communities.

    Each of the projects align with the National Adaptation Strategy’s framework to reduce the risk of climate-related disasters, improve health outcomes, protect nature and biodiversity, build and maintain resilient infrastructure, and support a strong economy and workers.

    MIL OSI Canada News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Medtech Products Inc. Issues Nationwide Recall of Little Remedies® Honey Cough Syrup Due to Microbial Contamination

    Source: US Department of Health and Human Services – 3

    Summary

    Company Announcement Date:
    June 17, 2025
    FDA Publish Date:
    June 18, 2025
    Product Type:
    Food & BeveragesFoodborne Illness
    Reason for Announcement:

    Recall Reason Description
    Potential Foodborne Illness – Bacillus cereus

    Company Name:
    Medtech Products Inc.
    Brand Name:

    Brand Name(s)
    Little Remedies

    Product Description:

    Product Description
    Honey Cough Syrup

    Company Announcement
    TARRYTOWN, N.Y.–(GLOBE NEWSWIRE)—June 17, 2025—Medtech Products Inc., a Prestige Consumer Healthcare Inc. company (“Medtech” or “Company”), is voluntarily recalling five lots of Little Remedies® Honey Cough Syrup (the “Product”) due to the presence of Bacillus cereus and loss of shelf-stability. Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) can cause two types of food-borne illnesses. One type is characterized by nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramps that can start 1 to 6 hours after eating or drinking contaminated food. The second type can cause stomach cramps and diarrhea that can start 8 to 16 hours after eating or drinking contaminated food. Diarrhea may be a small volume or profuse and watery. Although healthy individuals may suffer only short-term illness, exposure to high levels of foodborne B. cereus can cause death.
    The affected lots were distributed nationwide in the United States through retailers and online from 12/14/2022 through 06/04/2025.
    The table below identifies the UPC, lot numbers, and expiration dates of the Little Remedies® Honey Cough Syrup impacted by this recall.

    Item UPC 

    Lot # 

    Exp. Date 

    7-56184-10737-9

    0039

    11/2025

    0545

    01/2026

    0640

    02/2026

    0450

    05/2026

    1198

    12/2026

    Little Remedies® Honey Cough Syrup is packaged in a 4 FL OZ (118 mL) amber bottle and is sold in an outer carton with the Lot Code appearing both on the bottle label and on the bottom of the carton (images below).
    This recall does not include any other Little Remedies® products.
    No serious adverse events have been reported to date.
    All lots of Little Remedies® Honey Cough 4 FL OZ (118 mL) still within expiry are being included in the scope of the recall.
    Consumers who have the recalled Product should stop using it immediately and should contact their physician or healthcare provider if they have experienced any problems that may be related to the use of this Product. The company will also offer reimbursement for consumers who have purchased Products from the recalled lots.
    Consumers with refund requests or questions regarding this recall can contact Medtech via e-mail at medicalaffairs@prestigebrands.com, through its website at https://www.prestigebrands.com/contact, or by phone at (800) 754-8853 on Monday – Friday 8:30-5:30 eastern time.
    Adverse reactions or quality problems experienced with the use of this product may be reported to the FDA’s MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program either online, by regular mail or by fax.

    This recall is being conducted with the knowledge of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

    Company Contact Information

    Product Photos

    Content current as of:
    06/18/2025

    Regulated Product(s)

    Topic(s)

    Follow FDA

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Weaver Nut Company Inc., Issues Allergy Alert on Undeclared Milk in Chocolate Nonpareils

    Source: US Department of Health and Human Services – 3

    Summary

    Company Announcement Date:
    June 17, 2025
    FDA Publish Date:
    June 18, 2025
    Product Type:
    Food & BeveragesAllergens
    Reason for Announcement:

    Recall Reason Description
    Undeclared milk allergen

    Company Name:
    Weaver Nut Company
    Brand Name:

    Brand Name(s)
    Weaver Nut Company

    Product Description:

    Product Description
    Semi sweet chocolate pareils with white or Christmas colored seeds

    Company Announcement
    Weaver Nut Company, Inc. is recalling the following chocolate products with specific lot codes, due to potential undeclared milk allergens. People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to milk run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reactions if they consume the impacted products and Lot’s listed below.
    Potential affected products include the following:
    Item / Description:

    47518 – Nonpareil, Semi-Sweet Chocolate (Christmas Seeds)

    Lot #(s): 204206, 204207, 204208, 204209, 204212, 224225

    Item / Description:

    D2645 – Nonpareils, Semi-Sweet Chocolate (White Seeds)

    Lot #(s) 204214-RL, 204214, 204215, 224221, 224222, 224223, 135215, 135216, 135217, 135220, 135221, 145204, 145205-1, 145207-1, 145210-1

    Images of the affected products: (see images below)
    No illnesses have been reported to date in connection with this issue.
    Product was distributed to customers throughout the United States. Product was sold at various retail and grocery store outlets.
    The issue was discovered through a wholesale customer complaint upon receipt of shipment misaligned with updated product spec. followed by a lab test to confirm the milk presence.
    Consumers who have purchased the affected product and have a milk allergy are urged not to consume it. If sensitive to milk allergy, the product should be discarded immediately or for a full refund returned to the place of purchase.
    CONTACT FOR CONSUMERS WITH QUESTIONS: Weaver Nut Company, Inc., Chris Westerhoff, Customer Service Manager, 717-738-3781, ext 122, cwesterhoff@weavernut.com. Monday-Friday 9am-4:30pm EST.
    Weaver Nut Company is working with the FDA and is taking all necessary steps to ensure the safety of its products.
    Sincerely,
    Angela NoltFood Safety, Quality Assurance Weaver Nut Company, Inc.

    Company Contact Information

    Consumers:
    Weaver Nut Company, Inc., Chris Westerhoff, Customer Service Manager
    717-738-3781, ext 122
    cwesterhoff@weavernut.com

    Product Photos

    Content current as of:
    06/18/2025

    Regulated Product(s)

    Topic(s)

    Follow FDA

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: SPC Tornado Watch 434

    Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

    Note:  The expiration time in the watch graphic is amended if the watch is replaced, cancelled or extended.Note: Click for Watch Status Reports.
    SEL4

    URGENT – IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
    Tornado Watch Number 434
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1200 PM CDT Wed Jun 18 2025

    The NWS Storm Prediction Center has issued a

    * Tornado Watch for portions of
    Northeast Illinois
    Northern and Central Indiana
    Southwest Lower Michigan
    Lake Michigan

    * Effective this Wednesday afternoon and evening from NOON until
    700 PM CDT.

    * Primary threats include…
    A few tornadoes likely with a couple intense tornadoes possible
    Scattered damaging winds likely with isolated significant gusts
    to 75 mph possible
    Scattered large hail events to 1.5 inches in diameter possible

    SUMMARY…Intense thunderstorms currently developing over central
    Illinois will spread northeastward through the afternoon. High
    instability and favorable wind fields will promote a risk of
    damaging winds and tornadoes.

    The tornado watch area is approximately along and 85 statute miles
    east and west of a line from 25 miles north northwest of South Bend
    IN to 35 miles south of Bloomington IN. For a complete depiction of
    the watch see the associated watch outline update (WOUS64 KWNS
    WOU4).

    PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS…

    REMEMBER…A Tornado Watch means conditions are favorable for
    tornadoes and severe thunderstorms in and close to the watch
    area. Persons in these areas should be on the lookout for
    threatening weather conditions and listen for later statements
    and possible warnings.

    &&

    OTHER WATCH INFORMATION…CONTINUE…WW 432…WW 433…

    AVIATION…Tornadoes and a few severe thunderstorms with hail
    surface and aloft to 1.5 inches. Extreme turbulence and surface wind
    gusts to 65 knots. A few cumulonimbi with maximum tops to 500. Mean
    storm motion vector 24035.

    …Hart

    Note: The Aviation Watch (SAW) product is an approximation to the watch area. The actual watch is depicted by the shaded areas.
    SAW4
    WW 434 TORNADO IL IN MI LM 181700Z – 190000Z
    AXIS..85 STATUTE MILES EAST AND WEST OF LINE..
    25NNW SBN/SOUTH BEND IN/ – 35S BMG/BLOOMINGTON IN/
    ..AVIATION COORDS.. 75NM E/W /18NNW GIJ – 59SSE TTH/
    HAIL SURFACE AND ALOFT..1.5 INCHES. WIND GUSTS..65 KNOTS.
    MAX TOPS TO 500. MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 24035.

    LAT…LON 42028485 38638505 38638819 42028816

    THIS IS AN APPROXIMATION TO THE WATCH AREA. FOR A
    COMPLETE DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE WOUS64 KWNS
    FOR WOU4.

    Watch 434 Status Report Message has not been issued yet.

    Note:  Click for Complete Product Text.Tornadoes

    Probability of 2 or more tornadoes

    High (70%)

    Probability of 1 or more strong (EF2-EF5) tornadoes

    Mod (30%)

    Wind

    Probability of 10 or more severe wind events

    High (70%)

    Probability of 1 or more wind events > 65 knots

    Mod (30%)

    Hail

    Probability of 10 or more severe hail events

    Mod (40%)

    Probability of 1 or more hailstones > 2 inches

    Low (20%)

    Combined Severe Hail/Wind

    Probability of 6 or more combined severe hail/wind events

    High (90%)

    For each watch, probabilities for particular events inside the watch (listed above in each table) are determined by the issuing forecaster. The “Low” category contains probability values ranging from less than 2% to 20% (EF2-EF5 tornadoes), less than 5% to 20% (all other probabilities), “Moderate” from 30% to 60%, and “High” from 70% to greater than 95%. High values are bolded and lighter in color to provide awareness of an increased threat for a particular event.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Keynote Remarks of Commissioner Kristin N. Johnson at RegHub Summit London 2025: The Future of Finance: Enabling AI Tools To Enhance Compliance and Surveillance

    Source: US Commodity Futures Trading Commission

    Good morning. Thank you for the kind invitation to deliver keynote opening remarks at the RegHub Summit and to join TradingHub Executive Chair Neil Walker for a fireside chat. I appreciate that you have historically had the pleasure of hearing from the most senior regulators in our industry including our immediate past Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) Chairman, Russ Behnam; President and CEO of the National Futures Association, Tom Sexton; and a recent past Director of Enforcement, Ian McGinley.
    I’ll hope to offer insights to complement the important and cutting edge topics that you will explore today including managing model risk in trade surveillance, best practices for validation and compliance, and building a unified approach to trade surveillance and data governance. Mostly, I’ll aim to be brief and, if I am correctly using these idioms, not put a foot wrong or let the side down. To that end, I should acknowledge that that the views I express today are my own and not the views of the Commission, my fellow Commissioners or the staff of the CFTC.
    Three Dimensions of a Financial Markets Governance and Compliance Framework
    Financial regulation in the U.S. significantly depends on a three-dimensional approach to regulatory compliance.
    First, from the earliest periods of community or state-based regulation in the U.S.—which only go as far back as the late 1700s—you could argue that our regulation has required entities operating in financial markets to police themselves. In other words, market participants must demonstrate a commitment to ensuring compliance with applicable regulations and reporting instances of disruption or compliance failures.
    Second, our regulation imposes both formal and informal (soft law) requirements on firms operating as critical market infrastructure resources. These entities, and in some instances, industry trade associations, have exercised market policing authority. In 1792, for example, twenty-four stock-brokers gathered under a buttonwood tree in lower Manhattan in New York City to sign the Buttonwood Agreement.[1] While I am fairly certain they were not sorting out a crypto regulatory framework, addressing complex issues such as initial and variation margin requirements during periods of heightened market distress, default risk management, cross-product margining, or clearing U.S. Treasuries, they were establishing a precedent that would serve as a foundational understanding in U.S. financial markets regulation: firms and industry have obligations to facilitate market stability, market integrity, and surveil markets for evidence of fraud and manipulation.
    Third, financial market regulators play an important role in supervising markets and enforcing expectations regarding compliance. At the CFTC, our principles-based regulation includes a supervision framework where organizations that play a critical role in market infrastructure, such as exchanges and clearing organizations, engage in surveillance and report to the Commission on the compliance of intermediaries.[2] Within individual organizations, registered market participants are charged with supervising the actors who directly engage in trading as well as actors who directly engage in customer solicitation.[3]
    Relying on firms to engage in market surveillance and intermediaries to engage in supervision balances the costs and obligations of supervision. We might describe the three legs of this regulatory framework as a governance and compliance framework.
    Technology-Driven Governance and Compliance 
    In recent years, the advent of increasingly sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have promised to enable faster, more efficient, reduced cost supervision and compliance capabilities.
    This observation is not a revelation to anyone in this room. For decades, financial markets have integrated machine learning algorithms as a central aspect of predictive analytics. Increasingly advanced AI technologies—supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, neural networks, generative AI and more recently agentic AI—have accelerated both interest in and adoption of AI for broader front office, back office, reporting, and supervision and monitoring obligations that arise in financial markets regulation.
    Requests for Information Regarding the Adoption of AI: CFTC, Federal Regulators, and Global Initiatives
    Over the last several years, I have worked closely with our Commission, other federal regulators, regulators around the world, and market participants to understand the benefits and limits of integrating AI into financial markets compliance and surveillance infrastructure.
    I actively worked with the CFTC senior staff across all divisions to develop the Commission’s first request for comment (RFC) on the uses of AI in CFTC-regulated markets.[4] It’s been a priority of mine to engage with the staff, as well as our registrants, about issues related to AI long before that RFC, and remains so to this date. Compliance use cases were identified by a number of market participants as AI uses in CFTC-registered markets.[5] This is consistent with a trend that has been identified in financial markets more broadly.  I also worked directly or participated in the development of consultations organized by the U.S. Department of the Treasury (Treasury) and global international standard setting bodies seeking to better understand AI compliance and surveillance use cases.
    Many industry trade associations are similarly engaged in better understanding the potential for AI use cases. The Institute of International Finance (IIF), for example, surveys its members annually about its uses of artificial intelligence and machine learning. In the most recent IIF survey report, published in January 2025, compliance (including anti-money laundering and trade surveillance) ranked in the top four predictive AI use cases for respondents.[6] Treasury’s report on Artificial Intelligence in Financial Markets reports that “AI is widely used for…AML/CFT and sanctions compliance, including analyzing large sets of data, detecting anomalies, flagging suspicious activities, and verifying customer identities under the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) obligations.”[7] Other publications contain similar observations about compliance use cases as AI adoption in financial services continues to develop.[8]
    A recent consultation report published by the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) on AI in capital markets reports that IOSCO members and self-regulatory organizations (SROs) observed that market participants are:
    using AI to enhance the effectiveness of AML and CFT measures, particularly, and compliance more generally, including to identify suspicious transactions. For AML compliance, customer onboarding, and due diligence, respondents observed that market participants use ML models to perform pattern recognition and anomaly detection in surveillance software. They also use NLP to enhance the interpretation of unstructured data and to facilitate name screening and news analysis.[9]
    The IOSCO Report also noted that other recent reports had consistent findings, and cited numerous industry reports about how large language models (LLMs) are used for compliance tasks.[10]
    AI and Trade Surveillance
    Indisputably, AI technologies demonstrate significant potential for enhancing trade surveillance. The recent IOSCO Report referenced earlier notes the incorporation of “AI tools in surveillance and security solutions that could assist market participants to monitor client communications such as emails, calls, and mobile chat applications, and could raise alerts on suspicious communications for compliance review and investigation.”[11]
    One of the reasons that the markets that the CFTC regulates are the deepest and most liquid in the world is that our regulatory framework includes measures designed to ensure the integrity of the markets, a necessary feature for markets that so many rely on to hedge and manage risk.
    For example, Section 5 of the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) sets forth core principles for designated contract markets (DCMs) that require DCMs to “establish, monitor, and enforce” compliance with a DCM’s rules and to establish and enforce certain rules and procedures to ensure financial stability of transactions on the DCM.[12] The implementing rules for each of these core principles include requirements related to surveillance. Rule 38.156 requires a DCM to “maintain an automated trade surveillance system capable of detecting and investigating potential trade practice violations” and includes additional requirements for the system including certain capabilities, features and timing.[13] Rule 38.604 states that “A designated contract market must monitor members’ compliance with the designated contract market’s minimum financial standards and, therefore, must routinely receive and promptly review financial and related information from its members, as well as continuously monitor the positions of members and their customers.”[14] Similarly, Section 5h of the CEA establishes compliance with rules and financial integrity as core principles for swap execution facilities (SEFs),[15] and implementing rules include requirements on SEFs to maintain an automated trade surveillance system pursuant to Rule 37.203 as part of their required rule enforcement program.[16]
    These are just a few examples, and perhaps one of the many reasons that it is not surprising to me that CFTC-regulated markets have always been among the most technology-forward, including with its use of AI.
    I continuously advocate for a number of policy initiatives related to AI, and the first one is the most fundamental: collaboration. I hope to continue to be able to learn how we can work together to discover how AI can be leveraged to enhance registrants’ ability to comply with our existing requirements, and to support a stronger, safer, and more vital derivatives market, while also enhancing efficiencies for registrants.
    A discussion of potential uses of AI in the derivatives markets requires also considering the broader financial market landscape. The IOSCO Report noted that respondents “observed efforts to enhance surveillance measures in the financial industry through the development of joint systems that can be used by multiple financial institutions to share data and intelligence to mitigate types of threats utilizing AI and other technologies.”[17]
    I have advocated for a number of policy initiatives related to AI consistently throughout my time at the Commission, and one of those policies is inter-governmental collaboration with other financial market regulators in the U.S. and globally. If we do not work together, we risk missing out on significant opportunities not only to learn from each other and build on best practices, but also opportunities to create broader initiatives that make our markets safer and more efficient.
    A Pause to Look Under the Hood
    As we consider the possibilities, we also need to be mindful of the risks. As AI tools become further integrated into organizational processes, especially those that relate to critical compliance or surveillance functions, those organizations, as well as regulators, need to have appropriate assurances that the tools will operate safely and reliably.
    It is imperative that we have a clear understanding of and appropriate guardrails to ensure the security and integrity of the data used to train AI models. Data governance must be a foundational, gatekeeping issue for the continued development of AI models, particularly LLMs that may rely on synthetic data. I have frequently raised concerns regarding these risks—including concerns regarding the potential for AI models to hallucinate or lack the ability to comprehend certain real-world roadblocks.[18] Agentic AI models, while able to overcome some of the limitations of generative AI models, are still limited by the data they are able to access.[19] I’ve also spoken about some of the other questions that need to be accounted for as we consider the integration of AI into financial markets, such as promoting explainability, implementing data controls and measures to address bias, focusing on governance of the models, and testing and monitoring output.[20]
    Market participants must understand the risks of data leakage which may include reduced accuracy, unfairness and bias, data privacy breaches, and other vulnerabilities.[21] I am hopeful that these are among the issues that participants at the Summit will explore today.
    Where Are We Going Next?
    Increasingly, I am asked this question on a frequent basis. In the context of AI, I believe there is significant potential for these technologies to enhance the tripartite approach to regulation—my earlier reference to three-dimensions or a three-legged stool of governance and compliance mentioned. Successful integration of AI will require careful consideration by firms and the industry as well as thoughtful regulatory oversight by domestic and international regulators. For a few hundred years, we have been on a journey to create a sound regulatory framework.
    My personal journey in service is not nearly as long but I am deeply committed to ensuring that we land on the right path as we integrate and potentially regulate AI. In becoming a CFTC Commissioner, I have had the privilege and the pleasure of fulfilling a personal professional goal—serving my country in a role that I hope fosters a healthy economy that enables responsible innovation, protects customers, and ensures the integrity and stability of financial markets for generations to come.
    Thanks for being on this journey with me. I look forward to continuing the conversation with you all today and in the coming years.

    [2] See, e.g., 7 U.S.C. § 7a-1(c)(2)(C)(ii); 17 C.F.R. § 39.12(a)(4) (requiring derivatives clearing organizations to have procedures to verify compliance of clearing members with participation requirements).

    [3] See, e.g., 17 C.F.R. §§ 38.604-605 (requiring designated contract markets to establish financial surveillance programs for futures commission merchants, retail foreign exchange dealers, and introducing brokers).

    [5] See, e.g., Letter from World Federation of Exchanges to CFTC, Regarding Response to Request for Comment on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in CFTC-Regulated Markets (Apr. 24, 2024), https://comments.cftc.gov/PublicComments/ViewComment.aspx?id=73447&SearchText= (“AI can be used to reduce manual inputs for trade documentation and regulatory reporting, as well as reducing market manipulation….”); Letter from Futures Industry Association, FIA Principal Traders Group, CME Group, Inc., and Intercontinental Exchange Inc. to CFTC, Regarding Release No. 8853-24 (Jan. 25, 2024) Request for Comment on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in CFTC-Regulated Markets (Apr. 24, 2024), https://comments.cftc.gov/PublicComments/ViewComment.aspx?id=73444&SearchText= (“We understand that FIA’s members may utilize AI, now in the future, across a broad array of areas, including…compliance processes and controls.”); Letter from Bank Policy Institute to CFTC, Regarding Request for Comment on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in CFTC-Regulated Markets (CFTC Release No. 8553-24) (Apr. 17, 2024), https://comments.cftc.gov/PublicComments/ViewComment.aspx?id=73424&SearchText= (“Many banking organizations also use AI tools to enhance existing processes that facilitate compliance with BSA/AML and sanctions legal requirements and banking agency expectations. Some of these tools flag potentially suspicious activity, such as suspected money laundering, or potential sanctions concerns.”).

    [8] For example, a recent report by the Financial Stability Board on the financial stability implications of AI notes, “More broadly, the increasing regulatory requirements over the last seven years across multiple jurisdictions, for example, requirements on data protection, the growing use of principles to guide AI development and adoption, and the growing body of international standards, including in specific sectors such as financial services, have led financial firms to increasingly leverage AI to enhance their compliance capabilities.” Financial Stability Board, The Financial Stability Implications of Artificial Intelligence at 8 (Nov. 14, 2024), https://www.fsb.org/uploads/P14112024.pdf (citation omitted).

    [12] 7 U.S.C. § 7(d)(2), (11).

    [13] 17 C.F.R. § 38.156.

    [14] 17 C.F.R. § 38.604.

    [15] 7 U.S.C. § 7b-3(f)(2),(7).

    [16] 17 C.F.R. § 37.203(d).

    [17] IOSCO, Artificial Intelligence in Capital Markets: Use Cases, Risks, and Challenges: Consultation Report at 23.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Travel Advisory: Nighttime Closures on I-295 and I-95 Needed for Bridgework

    Source: US State of Rhode Island

    Starting tonight, June 18 at 10 p.m., the Rhode Island Department of Transportation will implement a series of nighttime closures on I-295 and I-95 both north and south to demolish the East Avenue West Bridge and the East Avenue Bridge. Both are at the juncture of I-95 and I-295. All the closures will end by 5 a.m. for morning traffic.

    The sequence of closure is as follows:

    � Wednesday, June 18, Sunday, June 29, and Monday, June 30 � Demolition of the East Avenue West Bridge near I-95 exit 28B northbound and exit 28 southbound requires the closure of I-295 northbound. Detours will be in place.

    � For I-295 north, take I-95 north to the Route 37 west exit to the I-295 north exit ramp.

    � Sunday, June 23, Tuesday, July 1, and Wednesday, July 2 � Demolition requires the closure at the same juncture but for I-295 southbound.

    � For I-295 south, take the Route 37 east exit to the I-95 south exit.

    Closure of I-95 start Monday for the East Avenue Bridge.

    � Monday, June 23 and Tuesday, June 24 � Demolition requires the closure of I-95 north at the same juncture. The closure starts at 11 p.m. and ends at 5 a.m. The detour for these dates is:

    � From 295 north go to Route 37 east and proceed to the I-95 interchange to access I-95 both north and south.

    � Wednesday, June 25 and Thursday, June 26 � Demolition of the East Avenue Bridge continues with the closure of I-95 south at roughly exit 28. The detour for these dates is:

    � Take I-95 south to the I-295 exit to the Route 37 interchange and return to I-295 south or I-95 south.

    All work will be complete by Thursday July 3. This work is part of the Warwick Corridor Project. A detour map can be found at: www.ridot.net/DetourMaps.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: WATCH: Small Business Initiative Helps Western North Carolina Businesses Rebuild Businesses

    Source: US State of North Carolina

    Headline: WATCH: Small Business Initiative Helps Western North Carolina Businesses Rebuild Businesses

    WATCH: Small Business Initiative Helps Western North Carolina Businesses Rebuild Businesses
    lsaito

    Raleigh, NC

    Last month Governor Josh Stein announced that the Western North Carolina Small Business Initaitve had distributed $55 million in funding from the Dogwood Health Trust, the Duke Endowment, and the State of North Carolina to 2,182 North Carolina small businesses. 

    Hear from some of the grants recipients below: 

    Pig and Grits Barbecue, Burnsville 

    “What it did for us here was it allowed us to buy some equipment, to take care of some of our employees that needed some help, and helped us rebuild our inventory and pay for some of the flooring and repairs and stuff that insurance didn’t cover completely.”

    “But as far as the community goes, everybody’s jumped in. Volunteers have come from all over, and we want to say thank you for that. We are open for business and would look forward to serving anyone.” 

    Henry River Farms, Morganton 

    “So we lost our seasonal crop, our strawberries … And then it also affected like our tourism side of things, our agritourism … And then we also lost field trips, which we rely on throughout the week for our fall season.”

    “So receiving the grant helped us with our operating cost and our repair cost for some of our infrastructure that was lost during the storm. The main crop that was affected was our strawberry crop, which covers about a third of our income for our farm. So just having access to funds to help us keep, you know going as we’re going to have this through the spring where we don’t have our normal income has been a huge help.”

    Carolina Native Nursery, Burnsville 

    “We had damage to over 100 greenhouses. Like anybody else would say, it’s like nothing we’ve ever experienced before. Without the Dogwood Grant, it would just take us that much more time to recover.”

    “It allowed us to keep people on payroll. At a height of our season, we have 20 people on payroll, so it aided with that and to achieve the size that we had, it’d taken us a lot. So this $50,000 really goes a long way to jump us forward, to get us back to where we’re going to be.”

    Governor Stein remains committed to western North Carolina’s recovery. The Governor continues to advocate to the Trump Administration and the U.S. Congress to send $19 billion to western North Carolina for disaster relief and to improve FEMA by reducing red tape and making disaster response efforts more efficient. Governor Stein’s second Hurricane Helene budget proposal also includes $891 million directed toward economic recovery, strengthening critical infrastructure, and getting western North Carolinians back into their homes. Governor Stein continues to encourage people from across the country to visit western North Carolina this summer and support small businesses 

    Jun 18, 2025

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: After celebrating State Parks Week, Newsom administration calls out federal assault on public lands

    Source: US State of California Governor

    Jun 18, 2025

    What you need to know: After more than 170 events last week celebrating California’s state parks, Governor Newsom and his administration are calling out federal cuts to National Parks and public lands.

    SACRAMENTO – As the Trump administration threatens the future of federal public lands, California is celebrating its thriving state park system, the largest in the nation, and its commitment to expanding access to the outdoors. This comes after the state celebrated its fourth annual California State Parks Week with more than 170 events last week, highlighting the people, places and programs that make California’s 280 state parks truly unique.

    On Friday, the Newsom administration sent a letter to the U.S. Department of the Interior warning of public safety risks and reduced access due to major cuts proposed to staff and programs that support National Parks and other federal public lands. In contrast, California is expanding access to the outdoors, investing in communities and laying the groundwork for further expansion.

    As the saying goes, national parks are America’s best idea – and putting them on the chopping block has to be one of the worst. As the Trump administration threatens our public lands, California continues to expand access to achieve our vision of outdoors for all.

    Governor Gavin Newsom

    As outlined in the letter, the Trump administration’s proposed budget cuts to federal agencies like the National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Bureau of Indian Affairs threaten public lands, water supply, wildlife, and tribal sovereignty. These cuts would lead to reduced staff, services, public access, and increased risks such as wildfires and jeopardized public safety. 

    “While we support efforts to improve the efficiency of federal services, current and proposed cuts raise serious concerns regarding public safety, water supplies, public access, and outdoor recreation across California,” wrote California Natural Resources Secretary Wade Crowfoot. “Additionally, these cuts impact the national economy as agriculture and outdoor recreation are critical and powerful economic engines for the country.”

    Outdoors For All

    Connecting people to nature is critical for our physical, mental, and social wellbeing. Outdoor spaces also help communities adapt to climate change, can be good for wildlife and biodiversity, and are reliably a powerful economic engine for the state. Unfortunately, outdoor access and its many benefits are not equitably distributed to all communities.

    Under the leadership of Governor Gavin Newsom and First Partner Jennifer Siebel Newsom, a historic investment of more than $1 billion has been dedicated to expanding parks and nature access, including to Californians who live in underserved communities.

    From the otherworldly beauty of Joshua Tree, to the soul-stirring splendor of Yosemite, our parks are part of our national story. Their very existence reflects the best in us: a century-long, bipartisan tradition to preserve our iconic natural wonders for the next generation — and make them accessible to all.

    In California, we’re not only standing to protect these sacred spaces, we’re working to open them up to even more children, including through our California State Park Adventure Pass, which gives fourth graders in the state and their families free access to 54 California State Parks.

    First Partner Jennifer Siebel Newsom

    The administration’s Outdoor Access for All and California Natural Resources Agency’s Outdoors for All initiatives have created innovative access programs for children and families to explore California’s state parks, mitigated impacts from climate change, and helped the economy.

    Here are some key accomplishments:

    • Free park passes: Three new state park pass programs were created for Californians to access participating park units for free. As of June 1, over the life of these programs more than 104,000 eligible Californians have received a Golden Bear Pass, 83,000-plus fourth graders have signed up for a California State Park Adventure Pass, and more than 33,000 free passes can be checked out at libraries throughout the state.
    • New state park: After more than a decade, California added a new park to the state park system. Located near Modesto in the San Joaquin Valley, Dos Rios is a multi-benefit park providing outdoor recreation opportunities for underserved communities, providing habitat for threatened and endangered wildlife, and advancing the state’s innovative efforts to combat the climate crisis using nature-based solutions. Nearly 10,000 people have visited Dos Rios since its official opening in June 2024, and the park has steadily increased public access to the approximately 1,600-acre property.
    • Cutting green tape: One year after the opening of Dos Rios, the Newsom administration continues to remove bureaucratic hurdles by cutting the green tape to lay the groundwork for potential future expansion of the state park system.  
    • Climate bond: In November 2024, a majority of voters across California approved a $10 billion Climate Bond to ensure resources are available to strengthen the resiliency of California communities to a changing climate. Specifically, the climate bond supports the Wildfire and Forest Resilience Action Plan, Nature-Based Solutions Climate Targets, 30X30, and Outdoors for All. The administration is committed to rolling out these funds in a way that is strategic, coordinated, accessible, accountable, and prioritizes multi-benefit projects when possible.
    • Community investments: It is not just about state parks. State Parks has provided grants to local communities to establish indoor and outdoor recreation in every corner of the state, building trails, acquiring and restoring sensitive habitat, building natural and cultural interpretative facilities, and fostering outdoor natural experiences for thousands of children, youth, and families. This is just a small sampling of what community investments can accomplish.

    State Parks protects the best of the state’s natural and cultural history; more than 340 miles of coastline; the tallest, largest and among the oldest trees in the world; and deserts, lakes, rivers and beaches. There are more than 5,200 miles of trails, and 15,000 campsites, prehistoric and historic archeological sites, ghost towns, historic homes and monuments — all waiting to be explored.

    Press releases, Recent news

    Recent news

    Jun 18, 2025

    News What you need to know: Two sites in San Francisco are the latest to be transformed under Governor Newsom’s executive order converting excess and underutilized state land into affordable housing.  SAN FRANCISCO — Today, Governor Gavin Newsom announced the…

    Jun 17, 2025

    News SACRAMENTO – Governor Gavin Newsom recently wrote an op-ed on the dangers of President Trump’s reach at authoritarianism, as well as the solution that lies within the power of each citizen to hold their electeds accountable to the Constitution they have sworn…

    Jun 17, 2025

    News Sacramento, California – El Gobernador Gavin Newsom escribió recientemente un artículo de opinión sobre los peligros del autoritarismo del Presidente Trump, así como la solución que reside en el poder de cada ciudadano de exigir a sus elegidos que rindan cuentas…

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI Security: Regional Cooperation 25: Strengthening Regional Security and Partnership

    Source: United States Central Command (CENTCOM)

    JOINT BASE CAPE COD, Mass. — Nearly 250 military personnel from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan (U.N. neutral participant), Uzbekistan, Mongolia, and the United States, along with observers from Armenia, United Kingdom, and Georgia, began the 14-day Regional Cooperation 25 exercise June 16 at Joint Base Cape Cod.
    Hosted by the Massachusetts Army National Guard, the multilateral command post and field training exercise runs through June 27 and is the largest U.S. Central Command-led military-to-military exercise involving Central and South Asian (CASA) partners.

    MIL Security OSI –

  • MIL-OSI Security: Regional Cooperation 25: Strengthening Regional Security and Partnership

    Source: United States Central Command (CENTCOM)

    JOINT BASE CAPE COD, Mass. — Nearly 250 military personnel from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan (U.N. neutral participant), Uzbekistan, Mongolia, and the United States, along with observers from Armenia, United Kingdom, and Georgia, began the 14-day Regional Cooperation 25 exercise June 16 at Joint Base Cape Cod.
    Hosted by the Massachusetts Army National Guard, the multilateral command post and field training exercise runs through June 27 and is the largest U.S. Central Command-led military-to-military exercise involving Central and South Asian (CASA) partners.

    MIL Security OSI –

  • MIL-OSI NGOs: Gulf of Oman oil spill: Greenpeace warns of environmental disaster

    Source: Greenpeace Statement –

    Beirut, Lebanon – Greenpeace Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has warned of a potential environmental disaster after two crude oil tankers collided between Iran and the United Arab Emirates on Tuesday.

    Satellite imagery indicates a large plume of oil stretching up to around 1500 hectares from the site of the crash between two vessels, ‘Adalynn’ and ‘Front Eagle’, in the Gulf of Oman, approximately 22 nautical miles east of Khor Fakkan, near the Strait of Hormuz.[1] The 23-year-old Adalynn is part of the so-called Russian ‘shadow fleet’, a collection of partially obsolete tankers that operate below basic security standards and carry Russian oil, though its current cargo is unknown. Analysis of the Adalynn’s current 9.3-metre draught suggests it may be carrying approximately 70,000 tons of crude oil despite being officially listed in ballast condition.[2]

    Farah Al Hattab, Campaigner at Greenpeace Middle East and North Africa, said: “This is just one of many dangerous incidents to take place in the past years. The causes differ, but the result is often the same: oil spills endanger marine life, disrupt delicate ecological balances and possibly the entire food web, and carry the potential to spark widespread environmental damage that extends far beyond the immediate area.”

    While navigation systems in the region have been under pressure amid the exchange of missiles between Iran and Israel, there is no clear evidence that GPS jamming or spoofing was behind the collision, with some reports indicating it was due to a navigational error.

    Farah Al Hattab added: “Greenpeace MENA urges all concerned authorities to act swiftly to contain the spill and assess its ecological impact. We call on shipping companies, governments, and oil industry actors to commit to full transparency regarding environmental consequences of oil spills and the measures being taken for cleanup. Additionally, we urge governments in the region to increase investment in maritime monitoring, early-warning systems, and contingency plans to effectively respond to future oil pollution incidents. Environmental security must be treated as national and regional security.”

    “The environmental fallout from this collision further highlights the urgent need to transition away from fossil fuels. Continued reliance on oil infrastructure leaves both people and the planet exposed—to toxic spills, political conflict, and the accelerating climate crisis. It’s time to rethink our global energy systems, shifting to renewable energy as not just a climate solution but a pathway to peace and resilience.”

    ENDS

    Notes:

    1. Satellite image: Greenpeace Media Library © Planet Labs PBC / Greenpeace

    2. Sources: www.Q88.com and seasearcher.com 

    Contacts:

    Hiam Mardini, Communications and Media Manager, Greenpeace MENA: [email protected]

    MIL OSI NGO –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Alzheimer’s: bacteria that cause stomach ulcers may protect the brain, our new research indicates

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Gefei Chen, Associate professor, Karolinska Institutet

    _H pylori_ is more commonly known as the culprit of stomach infections. Corona Borealis Studio/ Shutterstock

    Every three seconds, someone in the world develops dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for between 60% and 70% of all cases.

    Although scientists have made significant progress in understanding the disease, there’s still no cure. That’s partly because Alzheimer’s disease has multiple causes – many of which are still not fully understood.

    Two proteins which are widely believed to play central roles in Alzheimer’s disease are amyloid-beta and tau. Amyloid-beta forms sticky plaques on the outside of brain cells. This disrupts communication between neurons. Tau accumulate inside brain cells, where it twists into tangles. This ultimately leads to cell death. These plaques and tangles are the hallmark features of Alzheimer’s disease.

    This understanding, known as the amyloid hypothesis, has shaped research for decades and led to treatments that aim to clear amyloid from the brain. Monoclonal antibody drugs have been approved in recent years for this purpose.

    But they only work in the early stages of the disease. They do not reverse existing damage and may cause serious side-effects such as brain swelling and bleeding. Most importantly, they only target amyloid-beta, leaving tau untreated.

    But in a surprise twist, recent research published by my colleagues and me has found that a protein from Helicobacter pylori – a bacteria best known for causing stomach ulcers – can block the toxic buildup of both amyloid-beta and tau. This unexpected finding may point to a new strategy for the fight against Alzheimer’s disease.

    Get your news from actual experts, straight to your inbox. Sign up to our daily newsletter to receive all The Conversation UK’s latest coverage of news and research, from politics and business to the arts and sciences.

    Our discovery began with a very different question. We were initially studying how H pylori interacts with other microbes. Some bacteria form protective communities called biofilms, which rely on amyloid assemblies (similar in structure to the plaques which form in the brain) as a structural scaffold. This led us to wonder: could H pylori influence bacterial biofilms by also interfering with amyloid assemblies in humans?

    We turned our attention to a well-known H pylori protein called CagA. While half of the protein is known to trigger harmful effects in human cells (referred to as the C-terminal region), the other half (the protein’s N-terminal region) may have protective properties. To our surprise, this N-terminal fragment, called CagAN, dramatically reduced the formation of both bacterial amyloids and biofilms in the bacterial species Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas.

    Encouraged by these results, we tested whether the same protein fragment could block the buildup of human amyloid-beta proteins. To do this, we incubated amyloid-beta molecules in the lab: some were treated with CagAN, while others were left as normal. We then tracked amyloid formation using a fluorescence reader and an electron microscope.

    The protein derived from H pylori blocked amyloid-beta plaques from forming.
    Signal Scientific Visuals/ Shutterstock

    We found that treated samples had far less amyloid clump formation during the testing period. Even at very low concentrations, CagAN almost completely stopped amyloid-beta from forming amyloid aggregates.

    To understand how CagAN worked, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (which allows us to look at how molecules interact with each other) to examine how the protein interacts with amyloid-beta. We also used computer modelling to investigate possible mechanisms. Remarkably, CagAN also blocked tau aggregation – suggesting it acts on multiple toxic proteins involved in Alzheimer’s disease.

    Blocking the disease

    Our study has shown us that a fragment from the Helicobacter pylori protein can effectively block the buildup of the two proteins that are implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. This suggests that bacterial proteins – or drugs modelled after them – could someday block the earliest signs of Alzheimer’s.

    What’s more, the benefits may extend beyond Alzheimer’s disease.

    In additional experiments, the same bacterial fragment blocked the aggregation of IAPP (a protein involved in type 2 diabetes) and alpha-synuclein (linked to Parkinson’s disease). All of these conditions are driven by the accumulation of toxic amyloid aggregates.

    That a single bacterial fragment could interfere with so many proteins suggests exciting therapeutic potential. Though these conditions affect different parts of the body, they may be linked through cross-talk between amyloid proteins – a shared mechanism that CagAN could help disrupt.

    Of course, it’s important to be clear: this research is still at an early stage. All of our experiments were conducted in lab settings, not yet in animals or humans. Still, the findings open a new path.

    Our study also uncovered the underlying mechanisms for how CagAN blocked the amyloid-beta and tau from forming amyloid aggregates. One of the ways in which CagAN did this was by preventing the proteins from coming together to form clumps. They also prevented small, premature amyloid aggregates from forming as well. In the future, we will continue the detailed mechanism study and evaluate the effects in animal models.

    These results also prompt a question: could H pylori, long seen only as harmful, also have a protective side? Some studies have hinted at a connection between H pylori infection and Alzheimer’s disease, though the relationship remains unclear. Our discovery adds a new layer to this discussion, suggesting that part of H pylori may actually interfere with the molecular events that lead to Alzheimer’s disease.

    That means in the future, we may need to take a more precise and personalised approach. Instead of aiming to eliminate H pylori completely with antibiotics, it might be more important to understand, in different biological contexts, which parts of the bacterium are harmful, and which might actually be beneficial.

    As medicine continues to move toward greater precision, the goal may no longer be to wipe out every microbe, but to understand how some of them might work with us rather than against us.

    Gefei Chen is also affiliated with Uppsala University.

    – ref. Alzheimer’s: bacteria that cause stomach ulcers may protect the brain, our new research indicates – https://theconversation.com/alzheimers-bacteria-that-cause-stomach-ulcers-may-protect-the-brain-our-new-research-indicates-259018

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Alzheimer’s: bacteria that cause stomach ulcers may protect the brain, our new research indicates

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Gefei Chen, Associate professor, Karolinska Institutet

    _H pylori_ is more commonly known as the culprit of stomach infections. Corona Borealis Studio/ Shutterstock

    Every three seconds, someone in the world develops dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for between 60% and 70% of all cases.

    Although scientists have made significant progress in understanding the disease, there’s still no cure. That’s partly because Alzheimer’s disease has multiple causes – many of which are still not fully understood.

    Two proteins which are widely believed to play central roles in Alzheimer’s disease are amyloid-beta and tau. Amyloid-beta forms sticky plaques on the outside of brain cells. This disrupts communication between neurons. Tau accumulate inside brain cells, where it twists into tangles. This ultimately leads to cell death. These plaques and tangles are the hallmark features of Alzheimer’s disease.

    This understanding, known as the amyloid hypothesis, has shaped research for decades and led to treatments that aim to clear amyloid from the brain. Monoclonal antibody drugs have been approved in recent years for this purpose.

    But they only work in the early stages of the disease. They do not reverse existing damage and may cause serious side-effects such as brain swelling and bleeding. Most importantly, they only target amyloid-beta, leaving tau untreated.

    But in a surprise twist, recent research published by my colleagues and me has found that a protein from Helicobacter pylori – a bacteria best known for causing stomach ulcers – can block the toxic buildup of both amyloid-beta and tau. This unexpected finding may point to a new strategy for the fight against Alzheimer’s disease.

    Get your news from actual experts, straight to your inbox. Sign up to our daily newsletter to receive all The Conversation UK’s latest coverage of news and research, from politics and business to the arts and sciences.

    Our discovery began with a very different question. We were initially studying how H pylori interacts with other microbes. Some bacteria form protective communities called biofilms, which rely on amyloid assemblies (similar in structure to the plaques which form in the brain) as a structural scaffold. This led us to wonder: could H pylori influence bacterial biofilms by also interfering with amyloid assemblies in humans?

    We turned our attention to a well-known H pylori protein called CagA. While half of the protein is known to trigger harmful effects in human cells (referred to as the C-terminal region), the other half (the protein’s N-terminal region) may have protective properties. To our surprise, this N-terminal fragment, called CagAN, dramatically reduced the formation of both bacterial amyloids and biofilms in the bacterial species Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas.

    Encouraged by these results, we tested whether the same protein fragment could block the buildup of human amyloid-beta proteins. To do this, we incubated amyloid-beta molecules in the lab: some were treated with CagAN, while others were left as normal. We then tracked amyloid formation using a fluorescence reader and an electron microscope.

    The protein derived from H pylori blocked amyloid-beta plaques from forming.
    Signal Scientific Visuals/ Shutterstock

    We found that treated samples had far less amyloid clump formation during the testing period. Even at very low concentrations, CagAN almost completely stopped amyloid-beta from forming amyloid aggregates.

    To understand how CagAN worked, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (which allows us to look at how molecules interact with each other) to examine how the protein interacts with amyloid-beta. We also used computer modelling to investigate possible mechanisms. Remarkably, CagAN also blocked tau aggregation – suggesting it acts on multiple toxic proteins involved in Alzheimer’s disease.

    Blocking the disease

    Our study has shown us that a fragment from the Helicobacter pylori protein can effectively block the buildup of the two proteins that are implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. This suggests that bacterial proteins – or drugs modelled after them – could someday block the earliest signs of Alzheimer’s.

    What’s more, the benefits may extend beyond Alzheimer’s disease.

    In additional experiments, the same bacterial fragment blocked the aggregation of IAPP (a protein involved in type 2 diabetes) and alpha-synuclein (linked to Parkinson’s disease). All of these conditions are driven by the accumulation of toxic amyloid aggregates.

    That a single bacterial fragment could interfere with so many proteins suggests exciting therapeutic potential. Though these conditions affect different parts of the body, they may be linked through cross-talk between amyloid proteins – a shared mechanism that CagAN could help disrupt.

    Of course, it’s important to be clear: this research is still at an early stage. All of our experiments were conducted in lab settings, not yet in animals or humans. Still, the findings open a new path.

    Our study also uncovered the underlying mechanisms for how CagAN blocked the amyloid-beta and tau from forming amyloid aggregates. One of the ways in which CagAN did this was by preventing the proteins from coming together to form clumps. They also prevented small, premature amyloid aggregates from forming as well. In the future, we will continue the detailed mechanism study and evaluate the effects in animal models.

    These results also prompt a question: could H pylori, long seen only as harmful, also have a protective side? Some studies have hinted at a connection between H pylori infection and Alzheimer’s disease, though the relationship remains unclear. Our discovery adds a new layer to this discussion, suggesting that part of H pylori may actually interfere with the molecular events that lead to Alzheimer’s disease.

    That means in the future, we may need to take a more precise and personalised approach. Instead of aiming to eliminate H pylori completely with antibiotics, it might be more important to understand, in different biological contexts, which parts of the bacterium are harmful, and which might actually be beneficial.

    As medicine continues to move toward greater precision, the goal may no longer be to wipe out every microbe, but to understand how some of them might work with us rather than against us.

    Gefei Chen is also affiliated with Uppsala University.

    – ref. Alzheimer’s: bacteria that cause stomach ulcers may protect the brain, our new research indicates – https://theconversation.com/alzheimers-bacteria-that-cause-stomach-ulcers-may-protect-the-brain-our-new-research-indicates-259018

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • Govt to relaunch Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan for Rabi crop: Shivraj Singh Chouhan

    Source: Government of India

    Source: Government of India (4)

    In a renewed push to modernize Indian agriculture and elevate farmers’ livelihoods, Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Shivraj Singh Chouhan on Wednesday announced the relaunch of the Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan for the upcoming Rabi crop season. Speaking at a press conference in New Delhi, the Minister highlighted the widespread success of the campaign’s first phase, which directly reached over 1.34 crore farmers across 1.42 lakh villages nationwide.

    Chouhan emphasized that the campaign is not a one-time initiative but the beginning of a sustained movement aimed at transforming agriculture through field-level engagement and scientific collaboration. “We will take forward the success of the Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan; this campaign will not stop,” he declared.

    As part of the next phase, Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) will be designated as nodal agencies in every district. These centers will operate as coordinated teams to address region-specific farming challenges. To deepen farmer-scientist interactions, KVK scientists will now spend at least three days a week in the field. The Minister also announced his personal commitment to the cause, stating that he will visit farms two days a week to directly engage with farmers and understand their issues on the ground.

    To further support region-specific strategies, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) will appoint a Nodal Officer for each state. These officers will oversee scientific trials, liaise with state governments, and ensure localized implementation of agricultural reforms. Additionally, the government is preparing to tighten regulations to curb the sale of substandard seeds and pesticides, with a renewed focus on quality control through amendments to the Seed Act.

    Chouhan stressed the need to root agricultural policy in ground realities rather than distant policymaking. He announced the creation of a centralized coordination mechanism to align the efforts of all stakeholders across various levels of governance. He also praised the extensive fieldwork done during the campaign, which saw the participation of over 2,170 teams comprising scientists, agricultural experts, and officials.

    The campaign witnessed strong involvement from Chief Ministers, Union and State Ministers, Members of Parliament, MLAs, and thousands of grassroots representatives. Special attention was given to underserved and remote areas. In 177 tribal districts, over 8,000 programs were conducted across 1,024 blocks, benefiting 18 lakh farmers. Similarly, in 112 aspirational districts, approximately 6,800 villages were visited, reaching 15 lakh farmers. Border areas and vibrant villages also saw significant outreach to ensure nationwide coverage.

    One of the hallmark features of the campaign was the Kisan Chaupals—community gatherings that facilitated meaningful dialogue between farmers and scientists. These sessions focused on issues such as agro-climatic crop suitability, improved seed varieties, soil health, and pest management. Chouhan remarked, “The field is the most authentic laboratory, and the farmer’s voice must guide our path.”

    Valuable policy insights emerged from these engagements. Farmers raised concerns about the need for a comprehensive climate change action plan tailored to agriculture, simplification of the organic farming certification process, development of a national fodder policy, and practical reforms to enhance the effectiveness of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs). Chouhan assured that these inputs will shape future agricultural policies, highlighting the government’s commitment to farmer-driven and demand-led research.

    Looking ahead, a national-level hybrid meeting will take place on June 24 at the Pusa Institute to review campaign outcomes and align strategies. This will be followed by a stakeholder consultation on soybean in Indore on June 26, with similar missions planned for crops like cotton, sugarcane, pulses, and oilseeds.

    Commending the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the Agriculture Minister said that food grain production has increased by 40 percent over the past 11 years, a testament to consistent and strategic policy implementation. “Our mission is to ensure food security, nutritional adequacy, and profitable farming, while preserving soil health for future generations,” he said.

    Chouhan concluded the press conference by articulating the vision of “One Nation – One Agriculture – One Team.” He called for a unified, collaborative approach involving farmers, scientists, institutions, and policymakers to develop a resilient and prosperous agricultural sector.

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Green Party reaction to escalating crisis between Israel and Iran

    Source: Green Party of England and Wales

    / by Green Party

    The Green Party has called on the UK government to press for de-escalation, push for an immediate ceasefire and hold all parties to the same international standards, in response to the escalating situation in the Middle East.

    Co-leader of the Green Party, Adrian Ramsay MP, said:

    “The escalating crisis between Israel and Iran is gravely concerning, not just for regional stability, but for the safety of civilians – there have already been hundreds of casualties. Calls for the total evacuation of central Tehran are deeply alarming indicating people’s homes and hospitals and children’s schools are at risk of attack, not just military targets.

    “We are witnessing a pattern of Israel acting with impunity. In Gaza, military objectives have become indistinguishable from the mass suffering of civilians with little or no critique, let alone sanctions from the international community. And now, we are seeing a similar playbook with Israel appearing to pursue regime change in Iran through unilateral military action, without any international mandate or clear justification.

    “The UK government must urgently press for de-escalation, push for an immediate ceasefire across all fronts, and hold all parties to the same international standards – holding to account Israel for its aggressive unilateral actions and Iran for its well-documented human rights violations.

    “Furthermore, Donald Trump’s warmongering rhetoric is fanning the flames of this conflict. The UK must stand firmly against such a gung-ho approach to military intervention and call on the US to instead prioritise genuine diplomatic engagement and humanitarian relief.”

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Social care and SEND costs pushing Councils to the brink, say Greens 

    Source: Green Party of England and Wales

    by Green Party

    The Green Party has said Labour’s inadequate funding of SEND and dither over tackling a social care crisis is what is leading so many councils to bankruptcy [1].  

    The Party’s co-leader, Adrian Ramsay MP, said: 

    “We need the government to act urgently on the social care crisis. Instead, Labour has kicked the problem into the long grass, again. The Royal Commission on social care, ordered by the government some months ago, is not due to report until 2028.  

    “There have been around 25 social care commissions, select committee inquiries and white papers since 1997 [2]. We don’t need more dither; we need action. Instead of another Commission, Labour needs to get on with the proposal for cross-party talks on how best to fund social care, but they keep postponing. Meanwhile, people across Britain continue to suffer and local councils are left to pick up the bill for the care sector’s funding crisis.  

    “As for SEND, the Spending Review has failed to address deficits racked up by councils or the fact that many children are not getting the access to special educational needs support they need. The IFS says that any extra money pledged for schools will almost entirely be wiped out tackling the growing demand for special educational needs [3].”  

    “Even with five percent increases to Council tax, many Councils are still effectively looking at bankruptcy [4]. Until the government gets a grip on social care and SEND – the main reasons why councils are going bust – we won’t see any improvement in this desperate situation.” 

    Notes

    1. https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/councils-emergency-funds-tax-hikes-3752666  
    1. https://www.health.org.uk/reports-and-analysis/briefings/social-care-commissions-looking-back-to-move-forward  
    1. https://ifs.org.uk/sites/default/files/2025-06/Spending_Review_analysis_impacts_for_public_services_MW.pdf Slide 6 
    1. https://www.communitycare.co.uk/2025/06/12/4bn-a-year-more-available-for-adult-social-care-by-2028-29-in-spending-review/  

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Schakowsky, Warren Hit Five Big Pharma Companies for Paying Zero in Federal Taxes, Lobbying to Extend Trump Tax Loopholes

    Source: United States House of Representatives – Congresswoman Jan Schakowsky (9th District of Illinois)

    “Our tax code has been skewed to benefit wealthy pharmaceutical corporations, enabling them to profit off Americans, charging them the highest drug prices in the world, without paying their fair share of taxes.”

    Full Text of Letters (PDF)

    WASHINGTON – Today, U.S. Representative Jan Schakowsky, Ranking Member of the House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade, and U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) wrote to five major pharmaceutical companies, calling them out for paying $0 in federal taxes for profit earned last year, despite earning billions of dollars. These companies, which are Abbvie, Pfizer, Amgen, Merck, and Johnson & Johnson, have taken advantage of tax loopholes created by President Trump’s 2017 tax bill and have lobbied for even more tax giveaways.

    “This alarming fact illustrates just one of the ways in which our tax code has been skewed to benefit wealthy pharmaceutical corporations, enabling them to profit off Americans, charging them the highest drug prices in the world, without paying their fair share of taxes,” wrote the lawmakers.

    The passage of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) by President Donald Trump created new incentives for pharmaceutical companies to avoid paying taxes by holding their profits and intellectual property abroad. As a result, pharmaceutical companies have engaged in complex tax planning to move their intellectual property and production facilities out of the United States to tax shelters like Ireland and Bermuda to take advantage of this new regime.

    Thanks to President Trump’s international taxation regime, these top pharmaceutical companies have paid almost nothing in U.S. taxes since 2018 while raking in billions of dollars in profit.

    • Johnson & Johnson paid zero dollars in federal taxes since 2018, while raking in over $594 billion in profits during that time.
    • Abbvie paid zero dollars in federal taxes since 2018, while raking in over $330 billion in profits during that time.
    • Pfizer paid zero dollars in federal taxes since 2018, while raking in over $429 billion in profits during that time.
    • Amgen paid zero dollars in federal taxes since 2018, while raking in over $186 billion in profits during that time.
    • Merck paid zero dollars in federal taxes since 2018, while raking in over $355 billion in profits during that time.

    “Now, pharmaceutical companies want to extend these tax giveaways from the TCJA, and they are lining up to make their case on Capitol Hill,” wrote the lawmakers.

    Indeed, lobbying by the pharmaceutical industry rose in 2024 compared to 2023, as the fight over extending the TCJA began. 

    “Congress should not slash Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, or other assistance to Americans trying to afford their prescription medication in order to pay for massive tax breaks for Big Pharma companies making record profits,” concluded the lawmakers.

    Representative Schakowsky and Senator Warren are pushing the companies for answers on their role in extending massive tax cuts for the pharmaceutical industry.

    ###

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: SPC Severe Thunderstorm Watch 433

    Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

    Note:  The expiration time in the watch graphic is amended if the watch is replaced, cancelled or extended.Note: Click for Watch Status Reports.
    SEL3

    URGENT – IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
    Severe Thunderstorm Watch Number 433
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1245 PM EDT Wed Jun 18 2025

    The NWS Storm Prediction Center has issued a

    * Severe Thunderstorm Watch for portions of
    District Of Columbia
    Delaware
    Eastern Maryland
    Southern New Jersey
    Southeast Pennsylvania
    Northern Virginia
    Coastal Waters

    * Effective this Wednesday afternoon and evening from 1245 PM
    until 700 PM EDT.

    * Primary threats include…
    Scattered damaging wind gusts to 70 mph possible

    SUMMARY…Scattered thunderstorms will spread eastward across the
    watch area through the afternoon. The strongest cells will be
    capable of localized damaging wind gusts.

    The severe thunderstorm watch area is approximately along and 80
    statute miles east and west of a line from 30 miles northwest of
    Philadelphia PA to 55 miles southeast of Washington DC. For a
    complete depiction of the watch see the associated watch outline
    update (WOUS64 KWNS WOU3).

    PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS…

    REMEMBER…A Severe Thunderstorm Watch means conditions are
    favorable for severe thunderstorms in and close to the watch area.
    Persons in these areas should be on the lookout for threatening
    weather conditions and listen for later statements and possible
    warnings. Severe thunderstorms can and occasionally do produce
    tornadoes.

    &&

    OTHER WATCH INFORMATION…CONTINUE…WW 432…

    AVIATION…A few severe thunderstorms with hail surface and aloft to
    1 inch. Extreme turbulence and surface wind gusts to 60 knots. A few
    cumulonimbi with maximum tops to 500. Mean storm motion vector
    27025.

    …Hart

    Note: The Aviation Watch (SAW) product is an approximation to the watch area. The actual watch is depicted by the shaded areas.
    SAW3
    WW 433 SEVERE TSTM DC DE MD NJ PA VA CW 181645Z – 182300Z
    AXIS..80 STATUTE MILES EAST AND WEST OF LINE..
    30NW PHL/PHILADELPHIA PA/ – 55SE DCA/WASHINGTON DC/
    ..AVIATION COORDS.. 70NM E/W /25S ETX – 38W SBY/
    HAIL SURFACE AND ALOFT..1 INCH. WIND GUSTS..60 KNOTS.
    MAX TOPS TO 500. MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 27025.

    LAT…LON 40167414 38287483 38287779 40167717

    THIS IS AN APPROXIMATION TO THE WATCH AREA. FOR A
    COMPLETE DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE WOUS64 KWNS
    FOR WOU3.

    Watch 433 Status Report Message has not been issued yet.

    Note:  Click for Complete Product Text.Tornadoes

    Probability of 2 or more tornadoes

    Low (

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: President Radenka Maric Named a Fellow of The Electrochemical Society

    Source: US State of Connecticut

    UConn President Radenka Maric has been named a Fellow of The Electrochemical Society, a highly prestigious designation awarded annually to a select group of scientists and engineers from around the globe.

    Maric is a world leader in electrochemistry at surfaces and interfaces, and in nanomaterials development for a wide range of renewable energy applications and sensors.

    The Electrochemical Society announced that she is among 12 researchers worldwide who have been selected by their fellow scientists and engineers for the 2025 Class of ECS Fellows. She will be inducted this fall at the 248th ECS Meeting in Chicago.

    The designation “Fellow of The Electrochemical Society” was established in 1989 for advanced individual technological contributions to electrochemistry and solid-state science and technology, leadership in the field, and service to the Society.

    Maric was named the 17th president of the University of Connecticut in 2022, having previously served as UConn’s vice president for research, innovation, and entrepreneurship since 2017 and a UConn faculty member since 2010.

    She is a Board of Trustees Distinguished Professor in Sustainable Energy in UConn’s Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering.

    Her research has significantly advanced scientific understanding of materials and catalysts, and she has developed innovative manufacturing processes involved in fuel cell technologies, storage materials, and electrochemical sensors for health applications, leading to higher-performance, commercially viable clean energy systems.

    Maric earned her Ph.D. in material science from Kyoto University and started her career as a member of the technical staff at the Japan Fine Ceramic Center, and later at Toyota Motors. She has been a member of The Electrochemical Society since 1999.

    She moved to the U.S. in 2001, working for the startup nGimet to continue her work playing a pivotal role in advancing the development of electrochemical sensors, fuel cells, and materials and processes related to battery storage, hydrogen production, and various sensor technologies for industrial applications.

    In addition to her newly announced honor as a Fellow of The Electrochemical Society, Maric holds the rank of Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2019); the National Academy of Inventors (2019); and the International Association of Advanced Materials (2020). She is also an elected member of the Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering.

    Her many recognitions include receiving a Fulbright Chair Professor appointment at the Politecnico di Milano, Italy (2016-2017), a fellowship from the Japan Organization for the Promotion of Science (2012), the Leadership Award from the National Research Council of Canada (2009), and the Hartford Business Journal’s Women in Business Award (2020).

    Maric’s scholarly work has resulted in more than 300 articles in refereed journals and conference proceedings, 21 book chapters, and invited review articles in major journals, one book published, and two books under preparation.

    She also has six issued patents and 11 published patent disclosures. She serves on numerous review panels for the Department of Energy, the European Commission, and Horizon 2020, serves as a board member of the International Academy of Electrochemical Energy Science, and is a board member of the Connecticut Innovations and Eli Investment Fund.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI Security: Texas Man Pleads Guilty to Abusive Sexual Contact Aboard Plane Flying to Seattle From Chicago

    Source: US FBI

    Seattle – A 54-year-old Allen, Texas, man pleaded guilty today to abusive sexual contact for repeatedly illegally touching the woman sitting next to him while flying from Chicago to Seattle in March 2025, announced Acting U.S. Attorney Teal Luthy Miller. Cherian Abraham, who works for a technology company, faces up to two years in prison when sentenced by U.S. District Judge Kymberly K. Evanson on September 15, 2025.

    According to records filed in the case, Abraham was seated next to the 22-year-old victim on the flight.  On three different occasions, the victim reported that he reached under her arm to touch her breast. The first time the victim thought perhaps it was inadvertent contact. The second time, some five minutes later, the victim looked pointedly at Abraham, and he withdrew his hand. Apparently undeterred, the victim felt Abraham again poking her with his hand and she verbally confronted him. The victim got out of her seat, contacted the flight attendant, and was moved to a different seat.

    An investigation by the responding FBI agent revealed that Abraham had twice before been alleged to have touched fellow passengers inappropriately. On April 24, 2024, a victim reported to the airline’s online customer service portal that Abraham had repeatedly touched her and attempted to put his hand between her thighs. The victim yelled at Abraham but was not able to get the attention of a flight attendant.  On October 9, 2023, Minneapolis Airport Police interviewed Abraham after a victim reported that he had touched her leg with an open hand three times.  The victim told him to stop and contacted the flight crew who put her in a different seat.  When interviewed Abraham denied touching the victim. The victim did not want to pursue charges.

    Abusive sexual contact is punishable by up to two years in prison. Prosecutors have agreed to recommend a sentence in the middle of Abraham’s guideline range as calculated by the court. Judge Evanson is not bound by the recommendation and can impose any sentence allowed by law.

    The case is being investigated by the FBI.

    The case is being prosecuted by Assistant United States Attorneys Ajay Ravindran and Jessica M. Ly.

    MIL Security OSI –

  • MIL-OSI Economics: Big data for big animals: how AI is helping save Tanzania’s endangered giraffes

    Source: Microsoft

    Headline: Big data for big animals: how AI is helping save Tanzania’s endangered giraffes

    In 1956, a 23-year-old Canadian scientist named Dr. Anne Innis Dagg did something extraordinary: she traveled alone to South Africa to study giraffes in the wild—becoming the first Western researcher to do so. Her discovery was simple but profound: the pattern of spots on a giraffe is as unique as a fingerprint, allowing scientists to re-identify individual animals over time. 

    Today, nearly seventy years later, that insight is powering one of the most advanced AI conservation tools ever created. 

    We’re proud to announce the launch of GIRAFFE (Generalized Image-based Re-Identification using AI for Fauna Feature Extraction)—an open-source AI tool developed by Microsoft’s AI for Good Lab, in partnership with the Wild Nature Institute, to help conservationists track and protect Tanzania’s endangered giraffe population. Built over a decade of collaboration, this tool is already helping to provide critical insights for conservationists to help stabilize key giraffe populations in the region, and giraffes are just the beginning. 

    Why it matters 

    Giraffes are found only in Africa—and in Tanzania, their numbers have declined by more than 50% in the last 30 years. Adult females are often targeted by poachers, leaving populations vulnerable and fragmented. Conservationists need data to reverse this trend: survival rates, migration routes, reproduction patterns, and more. But gathering and analyzing that data has traditionally required enormous manual effort. 

    That’s where AI can help. 

    What GIRAFFE does 

    Our new tool—GIRAFFE—uses computer vision to identify individual giraffes based on their spot patterns, also facilitates automated individual annotations and dataset curation. It’s fast, scalable, and designed for real-world conservation:

    • AI-Powered Recognition: Matches giraffes with over 90% accuracy, reaching 99% in many cases. 
    • End-to-End Workflow: Supports every step of the process, from photo uploads to expert review to seamless catalog updates. 
    • Accessible Design: A clean, user-friendly interface allows both scientists and field researchers to use it—no coding required. 
    • Scalable Infrastructure: Handles thousands of images quickly, processing each match in under two seconds. 
    • Open Source: Available now on GitHub, with tools for both technical and non-technical users. 

    Every time a giraffe is photographed—usually the right side, which serves as its “ID card”—the tool compares the image to a catalog and either identifies the individual or flags it for expert review. Each survey generates over 1,500 images; GIRAFFE turns what used to take days into minutes. 

    “Pattern matching software and computer vision has allowed us now to keep track of thousands of individual giraffes. We take photos of every giraffe we see, and we feed them into a pattern recognition software, which forms the basis of all of our data that we use to understand where they are doing well, and if they are not doing well, why—and we can develop effective conservation actions,” said Derek Lee and Monica Bond at Wild Nature Institute.” 

    A model for broader conservation 

    GIRAFFE’s architecture isn’t just for giraffes. It can be adapted for any species with distinctive visual patterns—zebras, tigers, whale sharks, and more. That’s the power of open science: we build once, and the benefits multiply. 

    We’re especially grateful to the Wild Nature Institute and the Masai Giraffe Conservation Project. Their tireless fieldwork, deep expertise, and shared commitment have made this progress possible. 

    At Microsoft, we believe that some of the world’s biggest challenges—climate, biodiversity, sustainability—require not only commitment, but collaboration. AI alone won’t save the giraffes. But in the hands of dedicated scientists, it can make a world of difference. 

    Let’s make sure the tallest land mammals on Earth still have a place to stand. 

    YouTube Video

    Tags: AI, AI for Good Lab

    MIL OSI Economics –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Nineteen Eighty-Four might have been inspired by George Orwell’s fear of drowning

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Nathan Waddell, Associate Professor in Twentieth-Century Literature, University of Birmingham

    George Orwell had a traumatic relationship with the sea. In August 1947, while he was writing Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) on the island of Jura in the Scottish Hebrides, he went on a fishing trip with his young son, nephew and niece.

    Having misread the tidal schedules, on the way back Orwell mistakenly piloted the boat into rough swells. He was pulled into the fringe of the Corryvreckan whirlpool off the coasts of Jura and Scarba. The boat capsized and Orwell and his relatives were thrown overboard.

    It was a close call – a fact recorded with characteristic detachment by Orwell in his diary that same evening: “On return journey today ran into the whirlpool & were all nearly drowned.” Though he seems to have taken the experience in his stride, this may have been a trauma response: detachment ensures the ability to persist after a near-death experience.

    We don’t know for sure if Nineteen Eighty-Four was influenced by the Corryvreckan incident. But it’s clear that the novel was written by a man fixated on water’s terrifying power.

    This article is part of Rethinking the Classics. The stories in this series offer insightful new ways to think about and interpret classic books and artworks. This is the canon – with a twist.

    Nineteen Eighty-Four isn’t typically associated with fear of death by water. Yet it’s filled with references to sinking ships, drowning people and the dread of oceanic engulfment. Fear of drowning is a torment that social dissidents might face in Room 101, the torture chamber to which all revolutionaries are sent in the appropriately named totalitarian state of Oceania.

    An early sequence in the novel describes a helicopter attack on a ship full of refugees, who are bombed as they fall into the sea. The novel’s protagonist, Winston Smith, has a recurring nightmare in which he dreams of his long-lost mother and sister trapped “in the saloon of a sinking ship, looking up at him through the darkening water”.

    George Orwell in 1943.
    National Union of Journalists

    The sight of them “drowning deeper every minute” takes Winston back to a culminating moment in his childhood when he stole chocolate from his mother’s hand, possibly condemning his sister to starvation. These watery graves imply that Winston is drowning in guilt.

    The “wateriness” of Nineteen Eighty-Four may have another interesting historical source. In his essay My Country Right or Left (1940), Orwell recalls that when he had just become a teenager he read about the “atrocity stories” of the first world war.

    Orwell states in this same essay that “nothing in the whole war moved [him] so deeply as the loss of the Titanic had done a few years earlier”, in 1912. What upset Orwell most about the Titanic disaster was that in its final moments it “suddenly up-ended and sank bow foremost, so that the people clinging to the stern were lifted no less than 300 feet into the air before they plunged into the abyss”.

    Sinking ships and dying civilisations

    Orwell never forgot this image. Something similar to it appears in his novel Keep the Aspidistra Flying (1936) where the idea of a sinking passenger liner evokes the collapse of modern civilisation, just as the Titanic disaster evoked the end of Edwardian industrial confidence two decades beforehand.

    The Titanic disaster had a profound impact on Orwell.
    Wiki Commons

    References to sinking ships and drowning people appear at key moments in many other works by Orwell, too. But did the full impact of the Titanic surface in Nineteen Eighty-Four?

    Sinking ships were part of Orwell’s descriptive toolkit. In Nineteen Eighty-Four, a novel driven by memories of unsympathetic water, they convey nightmares. Filled with references to water and liquidity, it’s one of the most aqueous novels Orwell produced, relying for many of its most shocking episodes on imagery of desperate people drowning or facing imminent death on sinking sea craft.

    The thought of trapped passengers descending into the depths survives in Winston’s traumatic memories of his mother and sister, who, in the logic of his dreams, are alive inside a sinking ship’s saloon.

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    There’s no way to prove that the Nineteen Eighty-Four is “about” the Titanic disaster, but in the novel, and indeed in Orwell’s wider body of work, there are too many tantalising hints to let the matter rest.

    Thinking about fear of death by water takes us into Orwell’s terrors just as it takes us into Winston’s, allowing readers to see the frightened boy inside the adult man and, indeed, inside the author who dreamed up one of the 20th century’s most famous nightmares.

    Beyond the canon

    As part of the Rethinking the Classics series, we’re asking our experts to recommend a book or artwork that tackles similar themes to the canonical work in question, but isn’t (yet) considered a classic itself. Here is Nathan Waddell’s suggestion:

    As soon as the news broke of the Titanic’s sinking, literary works of all shapes and sizes started to appear in tribute to the disaster and its victims. As the century went on, and as research into the tragedy developed (particularly after the ships wreckage was discovered in 1985), more nuanced literary responses to the sinking became possible.

    One such response is Beryl Bainbridge’s Whitbread-prize-winning novel Every Man for Himself (1996). It reimagines the disaster from the first-person perspective of an imaginary character, Morgan, the fictional nephew of the historically real financier J. P. Morgan (who was due to sail on the Titanic but changed plans before it sailed).

    This article features references to books that have been included for editorial reasons, and may contain links to bookshop.org. If you click on one of the links and go on to buy something from bookshop.org The Conversation UK may earn a commission.

    Nathan Waddell does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Nineteen Eighty-Four might have been inspired by George Orwell’s fear of drowning – https://theconversation.com/nineteen-eighty-four-might-have-been-inspired-by-george-orwells-fear-of-drowning-251289

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Why Israel-Iran tensions might not raise prices at the pump as much as feared (for now)

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Adi Imsirovic, Lecturer in Energy Systems, University of Oxford

    GreenOak/Shutterstock

    The unexpected attack by Israel on Iran, a major oil-producing nation, may undermine anaemic global economic growth and hinder central banks’ ability to cope in an already uncertain market.

    Iran exports up to 2 million barrels of oil and refined petroleum products per day (million barrels per day – mbd). Due to long-standing sanctions, most of this oil is sold to China at discounted prices.

    Normally, a sudden loss of the Iranian exports (equivalent to around 2% of global oil supply) would trigger panic. But Opec (the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is in the process of reversing the production cuts imposed early in the COVID pandemic (and subsequently). This leaves the organisation with an unusually large spare capacity of at least four million barrels per day, most of which is held by Saudi Arabia (up to 3.5 million) and the UAE (about one million).

    On top of that, the International Energy Agency (IEA) holds more than 1.2 billion barrels of emergency reserves across OECD countries, ready to be deployed if needed. China, too, has significant reserves, though the line between its commercial and strategic stocks is less clear.

    Additionally, some 40 million barrels of Iranian oil are stranded aboard anchored ships near China, unsold due to declining industrial demand and electric vehicles hitting petrol consumption. In May, China’s refinery throughput fell 1.8% year-on-year, with no signs of a swift rebound. What’s more, the IEA is expecting global oil production to exceed 1.8 mbd, compared to its earlier projection of only 0.72 mbd, leaving a massive surplus of supply over demand.

    China has proven to be an opportunistic buyer. It did not buy the excess Iranian oil supplies at US$65 (£48) a barrel earlier this year, and whether it buys at US$75 (at the time of writing) or higher, may be a signal of how seriously it views the Middle East tensions. Meanwhile, other Asian importers have been quick to secure prompt shipments from west Africa, and have eyes on US supplies as well.

    Thanks to this surplus capacity and stagnant demand, the oil market’s reaction has been more muted than many feared. Prices briefly spiked by US$10 but have since eased. It appears that the market is assessing whether the hostilities will escalate. If so, the impact on energy prices and inflation could be more significant.

    A conflict of convenience

    It remains somewhat unclear why Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu chose this moment to strike Iran, especially in the middle of peace negotiations between Iran and the United States. In a recent interview, former Israeli leader Ehud Barak admitted that even a full-scale attack would only delay Iran’s nuclear ambitions by weeks or months at best, with US support.

    Diplomacy, then, may remain the more effective route. This was the rationale behind the Iran nuclear deal brokered under US president Barack Obama, a deal later dismantled by Trump under pressure from Netanyahu.



    Read more:
    Why are the US and Israel not on the same page over how to deal with Iran? Expert Q&A

    So, Netanyahu’s endgame might be political survival and diverting attention from the humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza.

    If Iran feels sufficiently cornered, it may retaliate by shutting down the Strait of Hormuz – a strategic chokepoint through which up to 20 million barrels of oil pass daily. A lot of that oil can be diverted through alternative supply routes such as a large (6 mbd) Saudi East-West pipeline leading to the Red Sea. There is also the UAE pipeline, which avoids the Strait of Hormuz and leads to the port of Fujairah, in the Gulf of Oman.

    Iran could close off the Strait of Hormuz, causing widespread disruption.
    CeltStudio/Shutterstock

    Nevertheless, the increased risk and higher shipping costs would certainly result in much higher prices at the pump. The cost of insurance for ships travelling through the Strait of Hormuz have jumped 60% since the start of the conflict. That, combined with the broader economic fallout, could have global repercussions.

    The World Bank recently downgraded its global growth forecast to 2.3% for 2025 – nearly half a percentage point below previous estimates. While a worldwide recession is not yet predicted, the bank warned that growth this decade could be the slowest since the 1960s.

    Among the leading culprits is Trump’s tariff policy, which has strained global trade, reduced efficiency and effectively imposed a tax on consumers both in the US and elsewhere. The fear of inflation has led to rising long-term bond yields.

    Expectations of higher inflation and high bond yields, in turn, constrain central banks from stimulating the economy by cutting interest rates. This is a key tool used by the US Federal Reserve to influence the cost of borrowing throughout the US economy and thus attempt to stimulate economic activity.

    And in spite of the recent US-UK trade agreement, the deal includes a 10% tariff on imports from the UK – with steel still at 25%.

    UK economic growth had already slipped into negative territory before the conflict began. Now, with the added strain of geopolitical instability, households are bracing for higher petrol prices at the pump, sluggish wage growth and rising unemployment. The conflict in the Middle East may not have sparked a global oil crisis yet, but it certainly won’t improve anyone’s cost of living.

    Adi Imsirovic is affiliated with Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington.

    – ref. Why Israel-Iran tensions might not raise prices at the pump as much as feared (for now) – https://theconversation.com/why-israel-iran-tensions-might-not-raise-prices-at-the-pump-as-much-as-feared-for-now-259211

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: England is expanding free school meals – here’s what could happen if they were given to all children

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay, Professor of Development Economics , Queen Mary University of London

    Children in Jharkhand state, India, eating their midday meal at school. Mohammad Shahnawaz/Shutterstock

    The UK government has announced an extension of free school meals in England to all children whose parents receive universal credit, in order to address child hunger and poverty.

    The government claims that half a million more pupils will now have access to school lunches for free. The total number of children registered for free school meals in England is currently about 2.2 million, or about 26% of the total school population. In addition, all children in infant school, aged between four and seven, are entitled to receive a hot lunch at school.

    But given the high rates of child poverty in the UK, and the value a decent meal provides, there is evidence that free school meals for all children could provide significant benefits in England.

    The provision in Scotland and Wales is more generous: free school meals for children from primary one to five in Scotland (ages four to ten) and for all children in primary school in Wales. But other countries make provision for all children, in both primary and secondary education, to receive meals at school.

    Get your news from actual experts, straight to your inbox. Sign up to our daily newsletter to receive all The Conversation UK’s latest coverage of news and research, from politics and business to the arts and sciences.

    Child poverty in the UK continues to be historically high. In 2023-24, 3.4 million children – 23% of all children in the UK – were in relative income poverty. Incidence of child poverty is particularly acute in cities.

    In the UK, the COVID-19 pandemic and Brexit resulted in a rise in unemployment. This in turn led to widespread instances of extreme poverty and child hunger. The lack of active policies in the UK to address child hunger, malnourishment and increasing childhood obesity has been widely criticised by the British Medical Association.

    The UK’s experience of high levels of child poverty is in stark contrast with most other high-income countries. The UK ranked 37th out of 39 by child income poverty, ahead only of Turkey and Colombia, in 2023. In comparison, the UK’s adult poverty rate is close to the OECD average, ranking 23rd out of 39 high-income countries. This implies that child poverty can be high even if adult poverty levels are relatively low.

    Global policy choices

    Providing nutritious free school meals is a fundamental cornerstone of government policy to ensure child welfare. It’s used as a poverty alleviation measure all over the world. Almost half of the world’s school meals are free, feeding 418 million children.

    Many of these programmes are based in developing countries. The world’s largest free school meal programme runs in India: the “mid-day meal scheme” feeds 125 million children aged six to 14 and costs the equivalent of £2 billion each year. Similar successful programmes are run in Brazil and some African countries, with another having recently been launched in Indonesia.

    But schemes in Finland and Sweden also cover almost all school children.

    There is a growing body of global evidence on the wider beneficial effects of free school meals on child poverty. Free school meals in India have resulted in higher cognitive outcomes. They have increased school enrolment and school attendance, and thus educational outcomes.

    They have also been found to have an intergenerational effect. In India, fewer shorter children were born to women who had benefited from the country’s school food programme.

    Nutritionally balanced school meals have proven health benefits.
    Pixel-Shot/Shutterstock

    Nutritionally balanced children’s school meals are also associated with lower incidence of obesity. Studies in the US and UK, for example, have shown universal provision is linked to lower obesity rates.

    Research into the Swedish scheme has found that children who have free school meals with prescribed nutritional standards not only have higher educational attainment and better health outcomes in adulthood, but also higher incomes. Children from families in the lowest income quartile in Sweden who received free school meals for nine years increased their lifetime income by 6%.

    Other tangible economic benefits include significant reductions in potential healthcare costs as a result of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases. A 2025 European Union report estimates the return from investment in school meal programmes is at least sevenfold, up to a possible €34 for every €1 spent.

    While there is rich scientific and economic evidence that universal free school meals are immensely beneficial, a child’s access to nutrition and government support to obtain nourishment is also a fundamental human right. The School Meals Coalition is an international consortium of 108 countries to achieve free school meals for all by 2030. The UK is one of the few advanced countries not signed up to it.

    Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. England is expanding free school meals – here’s what could happen if they were given to all children – https://theconversation.com/england-is-expanding-free-school-meals-heres-what-could-happen-if-they-were-given-to-all-children-258337

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: The UK’s warm homes plan has been saved – here’s how Labour can learn from a decade of failed insulation schemes

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Madeleine Pauker, PhD Candidate, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex

    Natalia Nosova/Shutterstock

    The UK government confirmed in its June 2025 spending review that it will honour its manifesto pledge and not cut the £13.2 billion warm homes plan, as had been speculated. The money will be spent over the next four years, marking a significant increase on funding for energy-related home upgrades compared to that offered by the previous government.

    The plan encompasses several programmes for cutting energy bills and reducing carbon emissions by making homes easier to heat and replacing gas boilers and other fossil fuel heating systems. Low-income homeowners and renters will receive grants for “retrofit” upgrades such as insulation, solar panels and heat pumps through schemes delivered by energy companies and councils.

    All homeowners can benefit from the boiler upgrade scheme, which offers £7,500 towards the cost of a heat pump, and those living in the least energy efficient homes can get free loft or cavity wall insulation. Councils and housing associations will also receive funding to make upgrades to their properties.

    The British government has provided some form of financial support for insulation and other energy efficiency measures since the 1970s. Millions of homes were insulated over the 2000s, but over the last decade support has been cut and the number of households taking up grants has collapsed. Programmes have also not been designed to provide comprehensive, high-quality retrofits.

    Over the next few years, the warm homes plan will significantly increase the amount of funding available for retrofitting homes. This is an opportunity to reshape the UK’s strategy for fixing its cold, leaky housing stock, reduce reliance on gas heating and lower household energy bills.

    How support for retrofitting has evolved

    For the last 30 years, energy companies have been required to provide insulation and other energy efficiency measures to households. These programmes are funded by levies on energy bills rather than public spending.

    From 1994 to 2015 any homeowner, landlord, or renter could receive energy efficiency measures such as insulation from energy companies. Additional publicly funded schemes sought to eliminate fuel poverty and targeted low-income households. This approach proved broadly successful throughout the 2000s and early 2010s. At its peak in 2008-11, one in five UK households received insulation, more efficient boilers or another form of support.

    However, these schemes were never designed to provide the comprehensive retrofits that modern climate targets demand. Ultimately, they failed to take a whole-house approach that could address multiple energy-efficiency issues at once.

    A pivotal moment came in 2015 when the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government removed universal eligibility from supplier-led schemes and shaved £30 off annual household bills. Low-income and vulnerable households, which had already constituted a priority group under energy company-led schemes, became the only demographic eligible for support. Following this decision – plus other modifications to the programmes – the number of insulation measures installed each year fell by about 70%.

    In 2023, the Conservative government of Rishi Sunak introduced the Great British insulation scheme which offers free cavity wall or loft insulation to homes registered given an efficiency rating of D or below (ratings run from A for the most efficient to G for the least). The universal boiler upgrade scheme was also introduced.

    Meanwhile, the energy company obligation, which provides a greater range of measures, including several types of insulation, heat pumps and solar panels, remains restricted to low-income and vulnerable households.

    However, due to complex eligibility requirements, low public awareness and a lack of trust, among other reasons, most of the financial support available is not reaching households and the number of homes receiving upgrades has not recovered.

    Heat pumps can get homes off gas, but installations trail boiler fittings.
    Martin Bergsma/Shutterstock

    The problems with current schemes

    While reinstating universal support is positive, the boiler upgrade scheme only covers about half the cost of installing a heat pump, making it a subsidy for wealthier households that can afford to foot the rest of the bill.

    Energy bill levies, which fund the energy company obligation, disproportionately burden poorer households, which spend a higher proportion of income on energy. At the same time, while everyone continues to pay for the programme via their energy bills, restrictive eligibility requirements leave most households who cannot cover retrofit costs independently without support.

    The scheme also incentivises companies and their subcontractors to meet the scheme’s carbon reduction requirements at the lowest possible cost. This discourages whole-house retrofits, more complex insulation measures, repairs prior to retrofit (such as removing damp and mould or repairing roofs) and work in certain types of homes.

    Resulting insulation failures have damaged public confidence in retrofit programmes. These problems highlight the mismatch between a market-driven approach and the comprehensive changes necessary to make homes healthier to live in and cheaper to heat, as well as meet climate targets and restore public trust.

    The case for replacing supplier-led schemes with public alternatives remains compelling, despite the government’s supposed fiscal constraints. Rather than relying on energy companies and their subcontractors for complex home interventions, councils could be empowered to guide households through the retrofit process and combine homes in area-based schemes.

    The warm homes plan includes funding for councils to retrofit low-income households, including those earning less than £36,000, receiving means-tested benefits, or living in certain postcodes. But the scale of the programme is much smaller than the energy company obligation, although investment will increase over the next few years.

    This is still a narrow approach to improve the country’s housing that focuses on low-income households, though most middle-income households cannot afford the cost of a retrofit either. The budget for other home improvements remains minimal – homes in poor condition are likely to be missed.

    Details of how most of the warm homes plan funding will be spent is due to be revealed in autumn 2025. There is still time for the government to choose a more progressive approach.

    An alternative would be to expand grant-funded upgrades for low-income homeowners and offer low-interest, long-term, property-linked loans for middle-income households. This could be designed to cover whole-house retrofits, encompassing insulation, ventilation, heat pumps, solar panels and other measures, as well as repairs.

    There are also emerging plans from consultancies working with local governments to develop area-based retrofit programmes that blend public and private investment, aiming to attract investment from pension funds to shift the cost of retrofitting away from households.

    However, it remains unclear whether such models will offer sufficiently competitive returns and low enough risk to appeal to institutional investors – and the UK cannot afford to wait for private capital to materialise when nationwide retrofitting is urgently needed.

    Don’t have time to read about climate change as much as you’d like?

    Get a weekly roundup in your inbox instead. Every Wednesday, The Conversation’s environment editor writes Imagine, a short email that goes a little deeper into just one climate issue. Join the 45,000+ readers who’ve subscribed so far.

    Madeleine Pauker receives funding from the Energy Demand Research Centre, funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and the Economic and Social Research Council.

    – ref. The UK’s warm homes plan has been saved – here’s how Labour can learn from a decade of failed insulation schemes – https://theconversation.com/the-uks-warm-homes-plan-has-been-saved-heres-how-labour-can-learn-from-a-decade-of-failed-insulation-schemes-258719

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Wandering uteruses and far-reaching tubes: the surprising mobility of the female reproductive tract

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Michelle Spear, Professor of Anatomy, University of Bristol

    The ancient wandering womb theory suggested that many ailments in women were caused by the uterus becoming dislodged and roaming the body in search of moisture.

    According to these theories, the uterus could roam freely around the body, pressing on the liver or lungs and causing symptoms such as breathlessness, fainting and emotional distress – what was later termed “hysteria”, from the Greek hystera (uterus).

    Treatments included fumigating the lower body with sweet-smelling herbs to entice the uterus back downward, exposing the nose to pungent odours to drive it away from the chest and adding weights to the abdomen to prevent the uterus from rising. Marriage and pregnancy were often prescribed as cures, under the belief that a busy uterus was a happy, well-behaved one.

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    In the 18th century, advances in anatomy and dissection began to disprove the notion that the uterus could physically roam. However, the legacy of the wandering womb lived on well into the 20th century in the diagnosis of “female hysteria”, an unevidenced catch-all for a multitude of symptoms.

    While the uterus doesn’t float around like a balloon in the chest cavity, it does change position. And this matters. Mobility is essential for fertility, menstruation, pregnancy and pelvic health.

    How much does the uterus move?

    The uterus sits between the bladder and the rectum, suspended by a series of ligaments. These don’t hold it immobile – rather, they allow it to rock and tilt.

    Its position can be anteverted (tilted forward over the bladder), retroverted (angled back toward the rectum and spine), or somewhere in between. These variations are entirely normal and often vary.

    That position matters. The uterine angle can affect where menstrual pain is experienced. For those with a retroverted uterus, discomfort may radiate into the lower back. For others, cramping is felt more in the lower abdomen.

    A forward-tilted uterus may press more directly on the bladder, increasing the urge to urinate, especially in early pregnancy. Conversely, a backward tilt might impinge on the rectum, contributing to constipation or bloating.

    During sexual arousal, the uterus “tents” – lifting slightly and lengthening the vaginal canal. During labour, it contracts powerfully and rhythmically, drawing the cervix upwards and helping to expel the foetus.

    Even the cervix – the narrow opening at the base of the uterus – is not fixed in place. Its height, texture and openness vary across the menstrual cycle in response to hormonal cues. During ovulation, it rises and softens to allow sperm entry. Before menstruation, it lowers and firms up again.

    The uterine tubes: searching, not wandering

    Perhaps the most surprising anatomical revelation is that a uterine (fallopian) tube on one side of the body can capture an egg released from the opposite ovary. If there’s a true seeker in the reproductive tract, it’s the uterine tube.

    Each month, at ovulation, the fimbriae – finger-like projections at the end of the tube – sweep across the surface of the ovary, coaxing the released egg into the tube’s entrance. The tube isn’t anchored directly to the ovary. Instead, it finds it. Like a sea anemone in slow motion, it explores, flexes and moves.

    Once caught, cilia – tiny hair-like structures that line the inner surface of the tube – work in concert with muscular contractions that move the egg towards the uterus. This choreography is vital but also explains the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

    If a fertilised egg implants in the tube instead of travelling to the uterus, it can pose a serious medical emergency. Ironically, it’s the very adaptability and reach of the tube that makes it vulnerable.

    The ovaries are also slightly mobile, suspended by ligaments that allow for some degree of movement within the pelvic cavity. This becomes especially apparent after hysterectomy when the removal of the uterus can cause the ovaries to “drift”, sometimes complicating imaging or surgical planning.

    While their movement is more limited than that of the uterus or tubes, it still plays a role in pelvic dynamics. In rare cases, it can result in ovarian torsion, a painful twisting of the organ that requires emergency care.

    While mobility is normal, excessive movement or weakened support can cause problems. Uterine prolapse – when the uterus descends into or beyond the vaginal canal – can result from weakened pelvic floor muscles, often after multiple childbirths or due to age-related changes. It’s a mechanical failure, not a moral one. Sadly, though, history hasn’t always treated it that way.

    Similarly, adhesions from endometriosis or previous surgeries can limit natural mobility, causing severe pain as organs that should glide against one another become tethered and inflamed.

    While the uterus does indeed move, it does so within anatomical boundaries and under the influence of ligaments and hormones – not whim. The enduring myth of the wandering womb reflected broader anxieties about the female body: that it was unpredictable, unruly and in need of control. Today, with the benefit of imaging, dissection and anatomical research, we can replace that myth with a deeper understanding of purposeful mobility.

    Michelle Spear does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Wandering uteruses and far-reaching tubes: the surprising mobility of the female reproductive tract – https://theconversation.com/wandering-uteruses-and-far-reaching-tubes-the-surprising-mobility-of-the-female-reproductive-tract-258373

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Congresswoman Tenney Recognizes June as National Dairy Month

    Source: United States House of Representatives – Congresswoman Claudia Tenney (NY-22)

    Washington, DC – Congresswoman Claudia Tenney (NY-24) today introduced a resolution to express support for the designation of June 2025 as National Dairy Month, honoring the hardworking farmers and producers who power one of New York’s most vital industries.

    This legislation is cosponsored by Representatives Russ Fulcher (ID-1), Tony Wied (WI-8), Don Bacon (NE-2), Rob Bresnahan Jr. (PA-8), Elise Stefanik (NY-21), Derrick Van Orden (WI-3), John Moolenaar (MI-2), and Mike Simpson (ID-2).

    New York is home to nearly 3,200 dairy farms that produce 15.7 billion pounds of milk annually, making it the fifth-largest dairy state and third-highest milk-producing state in the country. Wyoming County, located in NY-24, leads the state in milk production with approximately 1.1 billion pounds produced each year. This production is part of the reason why NY-24 is the fourth-largest dairy-producing district in the country. 

    Unfortunately, our nation’s dairy farmers face constant threats of unfair trade practices, overregulation, and rising input costs. Recently, Albany Democrats have even gone so far as to introduce legislation to limit the size of New York dairy farms to 700 cows per farm. This would be a death sentence to New York’s dairy industry. 

    “New York is home to over 3,000 dairy farms, many of which are right here in NY-24. These farmers are the backbone of our agricultural economy, providing nutritious, high-quality products to families across the country. As the Representative of the largest dairy-producing district in the Northeast, I am honored to introduce this resolution to express support for the designation of June as National Dairy Month and give our dairy farmers and producers the honor and recognition they have long earned,” said Congresswoman Tenney.

    ###

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: King Highlights Administration Hypocrisy: Slashing IRS Funding Will Balloon Federal Deficit

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for Maine Angus King

    WASHINGTON, D.C. — U.S. Senator Angus King (I-ME) is joining efforts to highlight the hypocrisy of White House policy slashing funding for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), resulting in diminished enforcement for “wealthy tax cheats.” In a letter to IRS Commissioner Billy Long, King and his colleagues suggest that plans to slash IRS funding would balloon the federal deficit and result in $2.4 trillion in lost revenue over the next decade. 

    In June last year, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said he was “alarmed by the size of [the government’s] deficit,” and publicly championed a plan to cut the annual deficit from just over six percent of GDP to three percent. In an interview in April, Deputy Treasury Secretary Faulkender reiterated that the Administration’s intent is to “bring the deficit down.” When pressed by Senators in written questions, Secretary Bessent affirmed his commitment to lowering the deficit to three percent of GDP by the end of President Trump’s term.

    The Senators began, “We write to you with concern regarding the Trump Administration’s hollowing out of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). For too long, the IRS has been underfunded and operating with outdated technology and inadequate staffing – resulting in unacceptable levels of service to taxpayers and enabling wealthy tax cheats to evade taxes. The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), passed in 2021, finally provided the IRS with the resources the agency needed to modernize and improve efficiency, but Congressional Republicans quietly slashed that funding in recent years. It is critical that we protect and build on the IRA’s investments. Otherwise, we risk failing honest, hardworking taxpayers while ballooning the federal deficit.”

    “Reducing the tax gap by ensuring that high-income individuals pay the taxes they owe should be an obvious bipartisan approach to making progress on the federal deficit,” the Senators continued. “Further, it is a good investment – one study found that $1 spent on auditing the highest earners yields $12 in returns to revenues. And after recent investments in enforcement targeted at high earners, the IRS collected over $1 billion in back taxes from just 1,600 wealthy taxpayers.”

    “All of this is occurring at the same time that the Administration and Congressional Republicans are teeing up another huge deficit-busting reconciliation bill that includes massive tax cuts for the wealthy, which the House of Representatives recently approved. According to the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office, an extension of the 2017 Republican tax bill, also known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, would add $52 trillion to the national debt over the next 30 years, adding more debt to the nation’s balance sheet in three decades than in the previous 249- year history of our country’s existence. This extension is only one component of this larger bill. These actions are inconsistent with your public commitments to meaningfully reduce the federal deficit and will undo the improvements made to the IRS’s taxpayer services,” the Senators concluded.

    Treasury Secretary Bessent last week took a victory lap touting increased IRS revenue in the most recent filing season. Yet, earlier this year, the Trump administration began workforce reductions at the IRS, including a plan to reduce IRS employee headcount by 40 percent. Tens of thousands of workers have left the agency since President Trump took office. More specifically, the auditing division of the IRS division has lost 38 percent of its employees. These cuts could drive up the deficit and lead to $2.4 trillion in lost revenue over the next decade.

    In addition to King, the letter is signed by Senators Elizabeth Warren (D-MA), Tim Kaine (D-VA), and Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI).

    The full text of the letter can be found here and below.

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    Dear Secretary Bessent and Commissioner Long:

    We write to you with concern regarding the Trump Administration’s hollowing out of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). For too long, the IRS has been underfunded and operating with outdated technology and inadequate staffing – resulting in unacceptable levels of service to taxpayers and enabling wealthy tax cheats to evade taxes. The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), passed in 2021, finally provided the IRS with the resources the agency needed to modernize and improve efficiency, but Congressional Republicans quietly slashed that funding in recent years. It is critical that we protect and build on the IRA’s investments. Otherwise, we risk failing honest, hardworking taxpayers while ballooning the federal deficit.

    Trump administration officials have repeatedly claimed a desire to lower the deficit. In June last year, Treasury Secretary Bessent said he was “alarmed by the size of [the government’s] deficit,” and publicly touted a plan to cut the annual deficit from 6.4 percent of GDP to three percent. In an interview in April, Deputy Treasury Secretary Faulkender reiterated that the Administration’s intent is to “bring the deficit down.” When pressed by Senators in written questions, Secretary Bessent affirmed his commitment to lowering the deficit to three percent of GDP by the end of President Trump’s term. Despite these commitments, the Administration’s signature tax priorities—gutting the IRS and passing significant tax cuts for the ultra-wealthy—will massively drive up the deficit and place a greater burden on future generations.

    American workers pay their taxes on time and in full, often through automatic withholdings on their paychecks. A small subset of high-income taxpayers, though, find complicated workarounds to shield income from the taxes that they owe. This has resulted in a massive gap between revenue owed and revenue collected – known as the “tax gap.” The latest IRS estimate was that this tax gap was nearly $700 billion in 2022 – or 17 percent of the total taxes owed. This shifts more of the tax burden on hardworking Americans who abide by the law.

    Reducing the tax gap by ensuring that high-income individuals pay the taxes they owe should be an obvious bipartisan approach to making progress on the federal deficit. Further, it is a good investment – one study found that $1 spent on auditing the highest earners yields $12 in returns to revenues. And after recent investments in enforcement targeted at high earners, the IRS collected over $1 billion in back taxes from just 1,600 wealthy taxpayers.

    Investments in the IRS also make it easier for law-abiding taxpayers to file their taxes. Decades of underfunding and lack of investment at the agency left customer service in a poor state prior to passage of the IRA. For years, taxpayers struggled to get through on customer service lines or find an in-person assistance center to receive help with their tax return. Recent investments in the IRS have finally allowed the agency to start investing in long-overdue improvements, allowing for significant new and enhanced services for taxpayers. As of June 2024, call wait-times had dropped from 28 minutes to 3 minutes, the agency had opened 54 new taxpayer assistance centers, and online services had started expanding.

    But the Trump administration is planning to turn back the clock on this progress. When reductions in force began at the IRS this spring, personnel essential to the filing season operations were required to continue working until mid-May, which limited the impact of staffing losses on tax revenue for the 2025 season. But the continuing layoffs at the IRS will kneecap the agency’s ability to do its basic job. President Trump and the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) have executed massive cuts to the IRS workforce—including a plan to reduce IRS employee headcount by 40 percent. Tens of thousands of workers have left the agency since President Trump’s inauguration. The IRS division that audits billionaires and the ultrawealthy has already lost 38 percent of its employees and had its funding rescinded by President Trump and Congressional Republicans. Even before these massive layoffs, IRS audits were already at a 23-year low. Further cutting IRS staff means less staff to monitor wealthy tax cheats and collect the tax revenue that will help offset our budget deficit. If IRS staffing levels are nearly halved, as the Administration has promised, these cuts could lead to $2.4 trillion in lost revenue over the next decade. And layoffs of this magnitude will significantly damage the agency’s customer service capacity.

    All of this is occurring at the same time that the Administration and Congressional Republicans are teeing up another huge deficit-busting reconciliation bill that includes massive tax cuts for the wealthy, which the House of Representatives recently approved. According to the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office, an extension of the 2017 Republican tax bill, also known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, would add $52 trillion to the national debt over the next 30 years, adding more debt to the nation’s balance sheet in three decades than in the previous 249- year history of our country’s existence. This extension is only one component of this larger bill. These actions are inconsistent with your public commitments to meaningfully reduce the federal deficit and will undo the improvements made to the IRS’s taxpayer services.

    Accordingly, we ask that you provide responses to the following questions by June 30, 2025:

    1. Given the proven return on investment from increasing staffing levels at the IRS, how did the Administration determine that a 40 percent across-the-board cut in the IRS workforce was prudent?

    2. What analyses did the Administration conduct on the impact of IRS workforce cuts on deficit reduction goals, including nearly halving the division of the IRS that investigates tax evasion? Please share the revenue impact of these workforce cuts.

    3. In anticipation of the 2026 tax filing season, what metrics are the IRS using to ensure that revenue collections are maintained at equal or greater levels and do not decrease?

    4. The Administration has instituted a prolonged hiring freeze for the IRS. The National Taxpayer Advocate noted that IRS customer service positions have an attrition rate of 19 percent. With additional workforce reductions, how does the IRS intend to sustain adequate levels of customer service? Please share relevant documentation, including performance metrics for casework, phone service, and in-person assistance centers.

    Thank you for your attention to this important matter.

    Sincerely,

    MIL OSI USA News –