Source: United States House of Representatives – Congresswoman Alma Adams (12th District of North Carolina)
WASHINGTON, DC—Today, Congresswoman Alma S. Adams, Ph.D. (NC-12), along with Congressman Greg Casar (TX-35) and Senator John Fetterman (PA), introduced the Bicameral Food Secure Strikers Act of 2025 which allows striking workers to qualify for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits.
The introduction comes as multiple high-profile strikes take place across the country with 2024 seeing 271,500 workers striking.
Currently, striking workers and their households are excluded from SNAP eligibility and cannot receive SNAP benefits unless they were previously eligible before the strike. While unions can sometimes reduce the financial stress of a strike, workers still face serious financial insecurity when striking due to loss of income. Many striking workers are also not union members, meaning they have an even smaller safety net, if any at all. The Food Secure Strikers Act of 2025 would repeal the restriction on striking workers from receiving SNAP.
“Labor unions were essential in building strong safety nets and worker protections in this country. It’s time we return the favor to our striking workers,” said Congresswoman Alma Adams. “By allowing strikers to access SNAP, we help ensure they don’t need to choose between feeding their families or fighting for fair working conditions. Striking takes courage and supporting the Food Secure Strikers Act of 2025 is an important way we can show our solidarity to everyone on the picket line.”
“If a worker goes on strike, the government shouldn’t punish them by taking away things like food stamps,” said Congressman Greg Casar. “People shouldn’t have to choose between their right to strike and going hungry. Let’s get rid of this anti-union law.”
The Food Secure Strikers Act is also endorsed by numerous unions and anti-hunger organizations, including the United Food and Commercial Workers Union, the American Federation of Teachers, and the National Education Association.
“When workers take the brave step to stand together for better wages, benefits, and working conditions, they understand the financial sacrifice they are making,” United Food and Commercial Workers International President Marc Perrone said. “While union strike funds and community support help ease that burden, they are not always enough. This bill would allow striking workers and their families to access SNAP, a critical service that helps put food on the table for millions of Americans in need.
The Food Secure Strikers Act would:
Repeal the restriction on striking workers from receiving SNAP and affirmatively protect the eligibility of striking workers to receive SNAP;
Protect public sector workers who are fired for striking from being “considered to have voluntarily quit” for eligibility purposes; and;
Clarify that any income-eligible household can receive SNAP benefits regardless of if a member of that household is involved in a strike.
Source: United States House of Representatives – Congresswoman Alma Adams (12th District of North Carolina)
WASHINGTON, DC—Congresswoman Alma S. Adams, Ph.D., Ranking Member of the House Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workplace Safety and a former teacher of 40 years, released a statement on President Trump’s executive order attempting to dismantle the Department of Education (ED).
Nationally, this executive order threatens 26 million students across the country, taking billions away from their educational futures.
“Executive orders are not laws and only Congress has the ability to abolish a federal department,” said Congresswoman Adams. “President Trump’s attempt to dismantle the Department of Education is blatantly unconstitutional and is yet another effort to sidestep the authority of Congress. This will be challenged in court and, make no mistake, we will win. The Department of Education was established through an act of Congress and only an act of Congress can abolish it.
“It is cruel just for the sake of it and targets our most vulnerable children. Students with disabilities rely on the ED for special programming and funding. Hungry kids use ED funds for free school lunches, oftentimes their only reliable meal throughout the day. Low-income students use their schooling to build a better life for themselves.
“I have always been a champion for education and I invite my Republican colleagues to be the same. Let’s put partisanship aside, work together, and stand against this unconstitutional action so we can stand for our children’s futures.”
President Trump’s attempts to dismantle the Department of Education is a war on the country’s students and children. In North Carolina:
The Department of Education funds 10.9% of funding for North Carolina’s public schools at $1.1 billion.
The salaries of 14,000 NC public school educators and staff are paid through federal education funding.
The economic impact would be overwhelming. Public schools are the largest employer in 44 NC counties and a top five employer in every county in the state.
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools have 17,000 students with disabilities, 40,000 students on the free student lunch program, and 105 Title I schools. All will be harmed by this decision.
Source: United States House of Representatives – Congresswoman Alma Adams (12th District of North Carolina)
Washington, DC—Congresswoman Alma S. Adams, PhD (NC-12), Ranking Member of the House Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Development and senior member of the House Agriculture Committee, released a statement following the passage of the continuing resolution.
“The continuing resolution fight was about more than just keeping the government open,” said Congresswoman Adams. “It was about refusing to turn over even more power to President Trump, Elon Musk, and standing against these devastating cuts.”
The continuing resolution includes deep cuts to critical programs and funding for Charlotteans:
$700 million in cuts to rent subsidies for low-income households and working Americans. Meanwhile, lack of affordable housing and eviction rates continue to risein Mecklenburg County.
$116 million in cuts to the Small Business Administration which will eliminate programs for Charlotte’s more than 40,000 small businesses.
$2 billion in cuts to airport, roadway, and port safety projects. This comes after the tragic DC plane crash in January that departed from Charlotte.
Underfunds homeless services by $168 million. Mecklenburg County’s homeless rate grew by 3%over the last year.
Fails to fully fund The Emergency Food Assistance Program by $20 million. Nearly 12% of Mecklenburg County householdsare food insecure.
Fails to renew $293 million in bipartisan emergency preparedness and disaster mitigation projects as Western North Carolina still works to recover from Hurricane Helene.
Fails to provide valuable community project funding to local organizations and municipalities that offer services like healthcare, housing assistance, food security, and other critical community needs.
“I have never celebrated a government shutdown, but I cannot understate the harm that will come from this bill,” Adams continued. “As this administration continues to wage their wars on education, healthcare, social security and federal employees, Congress has given them a blank check. It’s a disservice to all our constituencies.”
Rather than giving line-item budget allocations, the continuing resolution allocates agency funds in large pots of money without directing where they specifically go. This gives President Trump a “blank check” as he is able to reallocate or cut these funds as he sees fit, with few limitations.
“As we navigate the impacts of this disastrous bill, my priority remains taking care of my constituents,” said Congresswoman Adams. “If anyone in my district is suffering from the fallout of the continuing resolution, I encourage them to reach out to my offices and we will assist you however we can.”
To contact Congresswoman Adams’s Charlotte office, call (704) 344-9950. To contact her Washington, DC office, call (202) 225-1510. For information and resources, you can also visit our website atadams.house.gov.
Source: United States House of Representatives – Congresswoman Alma Adams (12th District of North Carolina)
WASHINGTON, DC— Congresswoman Alma S. Adams, PhD (NC-12), Ranking Member of the House Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Development, released a statement following her vote against the continuing resolution.
“At a time when my constituents are struggling to make ends meet, the House Republican budget bill looks to slash everything from healthcare and food assistance to veterans benefits and housing support,” said Congresswoman Adams. “This bill will harm our working families, small businesses, seniors, students, and underserved communities in Charlotte and Mecklenburg County. I stand against this reckless bill so I can stand with the people of my district.”
The continuing resolution targets programs and subsidies Charlotteans use every day:
$700 million in cuts to rent subsidies for low-income households and working Americans. Meanwhile, lack of affordable housing and eviction rates continue to risein Mecklenburg County.
$116 million in cuts to the Small Business Administration which will eliminate programs for Charlotte’s more than 40,000 small businesses.
$2 billion in cuts to airport, roadway, and port safety projects. This comes after the tragic DC plane crash in January that departed from Charlotte.
Underfunds homeless services by $168 million. Mecklenburg County’s homeless rate grew by 3%over the last year.
Fails to fully fund The Emergency Food Assistance Program by $20 million. Nearly 12% of Mecklenburg County householdsare food insecure.
Fails to renew $293 million in bipartisan emergency preparedness and disaster mitigation projects as Western North Carolina still works to recover from Hurricane Helene.
Fails to provide valuable community project funding to local organizations and municipalities that offer services like healthcare, housing assistance, food security, and other critical community needs.
The continuing resolution also fails to direct how most of the funds will be used, giving President Trump even greater authority to freeze or reappropriate the federal dollars included in the continuing resolution.
“This bill is House Republicans’ attempt to give President Trump a blank check to enact his unpopular, harmful agenda,” said Congresswoman Adams. “We have already seen this administration wage wars on education, food assistance, housing, healthcare, and this will only seek to embolden them. I urge North Carolinians to call their member of congress and senators and make their voices heard during this critical time for our country.”
Source: United States House of Representatives – Congresswoman Joyce Beatty (3rd District of Ohio)
WASHINGTON, D.C. – Tonight, Congresswoman Joyce Beatty (OH-03) issued a statement supporting Senator Cory Booker’s (D-NJ) marathon speech opposing President Donald Trump and Elon Musk’s efforts to dismantle the federal workforce, slash essential programs, and undermine American democracy.
“What Senator Booker has done tonight is a tremendous act of courage, conviction, and resilience,” said Congresswoman Beatty. “His record-breaking floor speech shows the deep commitment he—and so many Congressional Democrats—have to resisting Trump’s relentless assault on the services and benefits that millions of Americans have earned and rely on.”
“Throughout these difficult hours, Booker has shared the stories of thousands of Americans and their loved ones who are now at risk due to President Trump and Elon Musk’s reckless and damaging actions. Health care and food assistance are on the chopping block. Timely Social Security payments for seniors are threatened. Jobs for our nation’s veterans are caught in Musk’s crosshairs. Education funding that supports students’ futures is being slashed. And today medical research, disease tracking, and food safety are all under siege.”
“The impact of Trump’s policies is felt in every corner of the country—from Newark to Columbus and beyond. The late John Lewis taught us to make ‘good trouble’ in the pursuit of justice. For the past several hours, Senator Booker has done just that—sounding the alarm on the widespread harm caused by the Musk-MAGA takeover of our government.”
“As Chair Emerita of the Congressional Black Caucus, I’m especially proud of what my friend and colleague has done tonight to stand up for the well-being of all Americans.”
Job seekers talk with employers at a job fair held for the 2025 graduates of the Heilongjiang University in Harbin, northeast China’s Heilongjiang province, Dec. 23, 2024. [Photo/Xinhua] Chinese Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang on Wednesday called for efforts to increase employment and entrepreneurship opportunities for college graduates and young people in a bid to keep the country’s youth employment at a stable level. Ding, also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, made the remarks at a teleconference on the matter. Ding urged authorities to treat youth employment as a top priority, calling it a crucial matter that affects millions of households. All-out efforts should be made to increase high-quality job opportunities by tapping into key fields and industries, while fostering new employment growth points through industrial upgrades, Ding said. The vice premier called for outlining more favorable policies to support graduates who are willing to start up businesses. Ding also called for improved career services for graduates, and greater support for struggling jobseekers to ease their transition from campus to workplace.
Source: United States Senator for Connecticut – Chris Murphy
WASHINGTON – U.S. Senators Chris Murphy (D-Conn.), a member of the U.S. Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, and Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) on Wednesday joined the entire Senate Democratic Caucus in a letter urging President Donald Trump to rescind his March 27 executive order to end collective bargaining agreements between public employee unions and dozens of federal agencies and bureaus. The senators blasted the move as a “gross overreach” of presidential authority, asserting that the executive order is a clear attempt to gut the federal merit-based civil service and implement a system of political cronyism. They stressed that the order poses a grave threat to the ability of over one million federal workers to carry out their missions and deliver important services for the American people – and thus should be rescinded immediately.
“We write today in outrage over your recent executive order entitled Exclusions from Federal Labor-Management Relations Programs, a gross overreach of the authority granted in the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (CSRA). This order is an insult to the hardworking public servants who go to work on behalf of the American people,” the senators began.
“The executive order effectively classifies two thirds of the federal workforce as having national security missions, a blatant misuse of a limited authority intended to provide operational flexibility to address legitimate security needs,” the senators continued. “There is no evidence that the long-standing collective bargaining agreements at these agencies have jeopardized our nation’s security in any way; to the contrary, the protection collective bargaining has provided for employees allows them to conduct their work on behalf of the American people—including blowing the whistle on fraud or abuse—without political interference.”
“This Administration clearly does not have even a basic understanding of the legally binding nature of federal collective bargaining agreements and is actively trying to bend the law to undermine protections for federal civil servants. We urge you to immediately rescind this illegal executive order so that our dedicated public servants can continue to work on behalf of the American public without fear for their job or political retribution,” they concluded.
U.S. Senators Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.), Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.), Angela Alsobrooks (D-Md.), Mark Warner (D-Va.), Tim Kaine (D-Va.), Tammy Baldwin (D-Wis.), Michael Bennet (D-Colo.), Lisa Blunt Rochester (D-Del.), Cory Booker (D-N.J.), Maria Cantwell (D-Wash.), Chris Coons (D-Del.), Catherine Cortez Masto (D-Nev.), Tammy Duckworth (D-Ill.), Dick Durbin (D-Ill.), John Fetterman (D-Pa.), Ruben Gallego (D-Ariz.), Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.), Maggie Hassan (D-N.H.), Martin Heinrich (D-N.M.), John Hickenlooper (D-Colo.), Mazie Hirono (D-Hawaii), Mark Kelly (D-Ariz.), Andy Kim (D-N.J.), Angus King (I-Maine), Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.), Ben Ray Luján (D-N.M.), Ed Markey (D-Mass.), Jeff Merkley (D-Ore.), Patty Murray (D-Wash.), Jon Ossoff (D-Ga.), Alex Padilla (D-Calif.), Gary Peters (D-Mich.), Jack Reed (D-R.I.), Jacky Rosen (D-Nev.), Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), Brian Schatz (D-Hawaii), Adam Schiff (D-Calif.), Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.), Elissa Slotkin (D-Mich.), Tina Smith (D-Minn.), Raphael Warnock (D-Ga.), Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), Peter Welch (D-Vt.), Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.), and Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) also joined the letter.
The letter is endorsed by the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE), National Treasury Employees Union (NTEU), International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers (IFPTE), and Service Employees International Union (SEIU).
Full text of the letter is available HERE and below.
Dear President Trump:
We write today in outrage over your recent executive order entitled Exclusions from Federal Labor-Management Relations Programs, a gross overreach of the authority granted in the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (CSRA).
This order is an insult to the hardworking public servants who go to work on behalf of the American people. They care for our veterans, deliver disaster assistance, prevent wildfires, help farmers improve crop yields, manage health benefits for 9/11 first responders, research treatments and cures for diseases, keep air travel safe, process tax returns, staff our national parks and much, much more. Nearly one third of these dedicated civil servants are veterans seeking to continue their service to our country out of uniform.
The executive order effectively classifies two thirds of the federal workforce as having national security missions, a blatant misuse of a limited authority intended to provide operational flexibility to address legitimate security needs. The national security exemption has existed for nearly 50 years and has been used only sparingly by Republican and Democratic Administrations—including during your first term—to exclude federal offices with an unquestionable core function in intelligence, counterintelligence, or national security. There is no evidence that the long-standing collective bargaining agreements at these agencies have jeopardized our nation’s security in any way; to the contrary, the protection collective bargaining has provided for employees allows them to conduct their work on behalf of the American people—including blowing the whistle on fraud or abuse—without political interference.
Federal employees’ collective bargaining agreements are critical to ensuring they continue to serve the American people with the peace of mind that comes with being protected from unfair labor practices. Unlike in the private sector, federal employee unions in most cases cannot negotiate pay or benefits, which are set by Congress, and they are legally prohibited from striking. The federal collective bargaining agreements do, however, protect federal employees from illegal firings, retaliation, and discrimination. They also promote resources for whistleblowers and veterans. These federal union contracts give employees in the civil service protections from retaliation so they can serve the American people fairly and effectively without partisan political interference.
This executive order, which ruthlessly strips collective bargaining agreements for over one million federal workers, is the most recent attack your Administration has levied against our merit-based civil service in the effort to cut the workforce and replace them with political cronies. While the CSRA does give the president the authority to limit collective bargaining agreements due to national security concerns, the executive order’s direction to terminate mass swaths of federal employee collective bargaining agreements is clearly intended to broadly dismantle the CSRA, which is specifically designed to grant federal employees the right to collective bargaining as a means to resolve workplace issues while maintaining the smooth functioning of government operations.
When the Secretary of Labor testified in February in front of the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, Members of Congress asked her both in-person and through questions for the record whether she and the Administration would commit to honoring all legally binding collective bargaining agreements signed by federal agencies and labor unions, and whether federal employees have the right to organize and collectively bargain without fear of retaliation. The Secretary answered, “if confirmed, I will follow the law and work with the experts at the Department to understand the collective bargaining process at the Department and the terms and conditions of the collective bargaining agreements in place.” This Administration clearly does not have even a basic understanding of the legally binding nature of federal collective bargaining agreements and is actively trying to bend the law to undermine protections for federal civil servants.
We urge you to immediately rescind this illegal executive order so that our dedicated public servants can continue to work on behalf of the American public without fear for their job or political retribution.
The greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) is one of Australia’s most iconic yet at-risk animals — and the last surviving bilby species. Once found across 70% of Australia, its range has contracted by more than 80% since European colonisation.
Today, these nocturnal marsupials, still culturally significant to many Indigenous peoples, are restricted to remote deserts. They face an ongoing threat of extinction.
Local elders, Indigenous rangers and scientists hold valuable knowledge about bilby populations, the threats they face, and strategies needed to sustain them into the future.
Our new study, published today in Conservation Science and Practice, reveals how collaboration between scientists and Indigenous land managers can help yield new and vital information.
In the field, we used two methods – one based on Warlpiri knowledge and one based on standard scientific protocols – to locate bilbies and collect scat (poo) samples in the North Tanami Indigenous Protected Area in the Northern Territory.
By drawing on Warlpiri tracking expertise and Western scientific methods, we uncovered crucial information on bilby populations that could help conserve these rare creatures.
Understanding bilby numbers is important – but hard
Bilbies turn over tonnes of soil each year, helping to improve soil health, help seeds germinate and enhance water infiltration. Their deep, complex burrows also provide shelter for other species.
They’re crucial to the health of desert ecosystems; protecting bilbies means protecting the web of life they support.
To do this, we need to know more about:
how many bilbies there are
how they respond to land management techniques such as planned burning
how they respond to threats such as feral predators.
Yet, bilbies are notoriously difficult to monitor directly via live capture. They’re nocturnal, shy and solitary. And they inhabit vast landscapes, making it very hard to estimate population numbers.
Bilby tracks North Tanami (pen for scale). Hayley Geyle/Author Provided
Luckily, the tracks, diggings and scats bilbies leave behind provide ample clues. DNA from scat (if it can be found) can be used to estimate how many bilbies are present in a particular area.
Systematic ecological surveys, often used to monitor wildlife, can be rigid and expensive, especially in remote regions.
We need flexible methods that align with local knowledge and the practical realities of monitoring bilbies on Country.
A new approach to monitor and manage bilbies
We tested two methods of locating bilby scat for DNA analysis.
The first was systematic sampling. This is a standard scientific approach where fixed lengths of land were walked multiple times to collect scat.
This ensures sampling effort is even over the search area and comparable across sites. However, like most species, bilby distribution is patchy, and this approach can lead to researchers missing important signs.
The second method was targeted sampling, guided by Warlpiri knowledge, to search in areas most likely to yield results.
This allowed the search team to focus on areas where bilbies were active or predicted to be active based on knowledge of their habits and food sources.
Altogether, we collected more than 1,000 scat samples. In the lab, we extracted DNA from these samples to identify individual bilbies. These data, combined with the location of samples, allowed us to estimate the size of the bilby population.
We then compared estimates that would have been derived if we had only done systematic or targeted sampling, or both, to assess their strengths and limitations for monitoring bilby populations.
The deep, complex burrows of bilbies also provide shelter for other species. Kelly Dixon/Author provided
What we found
We identified 20 bilbies from the scats collected during systematic surveys and 26 – six more – from targeted surveys. At least 16 individual bilbies were detected by both methods. In total, we confirmed 32 unique bilbies in the study area.
When it came to population estimates – which consider how many repeat captures occur and where – combining data from both types of surveys produced the most accurate estimates with the least effort.
Targeted sampling tended to overestimate population size because it focused on areas of high activity. Systematic sampling was more precise but required greater effort.
Combining both approaches provided the most reliable estimates while saving time.
In the lab, we extracted DNA from bilby scat samples to identify individual bilbies. Hayley Geyle/Author provided
What this means for conservation
Our research highlights how collaboration that includes different ways of knowing can improve conservation.
By adapting standard on-ground survey techniques to include Warlpiri methods for tracking bilbies, we produced better data and supported local capacity for bilby monitoring.
Conservation programs often rely on standardised ecological monitoring protocols – in other words, doing things much the same way no matter where you’re working.
While these protocols provide consistency, they are rigid and don’t always yield the best results. They also fail to incorporate local knowledge crucial for managing species like the bilby.
Our approach shows how integrating diverse ways of working can deliver more inclusive and effective outcomes, without compromising data reliability.
Their future depends on collaborative efforts that draw on scientific and Indigenous and local knowledges.
This study provides an example of how such partnerships can work – not just for bilbies, but for other species and ecosystems.
As Australia confronts biodiversity loss, this research underscores the importance of listening to those who know Country best.
By valuing and respecting local expertise, we can build a stronger future for bilbies and the landscapes that are their home.
Hayley Geyle is employed by Territory NRM, who receives funding for threatened species projects from the Australian government through the Natural Heritage Trust. She also works on the Digital Women Ranger project. She is affiliated with Territory NRM and the Northern Institute (Charles Darwin University).
Cathy Robinson is employed at CSIRO and is Group Leader in the Agriculture and Food Sustainability Program and Research lead for the Digital Women Ranger Program which is supported by the Telstra Foundation. Cathy is also an Adjunct Professor at Charles Darwin University, Chair of IUCN Australian Expert Advisory Panel for the Green List, and Executive Advisor for the Liveris Academy for Innovation and Leadership at the University of Queensland.
Christine Schlesinger does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
Helen Wilson does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
Key sectors in focus: tech firms attracting major capital
Data from annual reports indicate that over the past year, listed banks have continued to expand credit issuance to support the real economy. In 2024, China’s four major state-owned banks, which include Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), Agricultural Bank of China (ABC), Bank of China (BOC), and China Construction Bank (CCB), collectively issued more than 8 trillion yuan (about 1.11 trillion U.S. dollars) in new loans.
ICBC and ABC each saw loan increases exceeding 2 trillion yuan.
Strategic national initiatives and key industries remained top priorities for credit allocation, the reports showed, and banks reported notable growth in loans directed toward manufacturing, strategic emerging industries, and elderly care services.
By the end of 2024, ICBC’s outstanding loans to strategic emerging industries had exceeded 3.1 trillion yuan, while BOC’s lending to these industries had grown by 26.31 percent year on year.
CCB’s loans to the manufacturing sector totaled 3.04 trillion yuan, and the medium-to-long-term loans to the manufacturing industry by ABC saw a 20.2-percent year-on-year increase.
Technology-driven enterprises also gained traction. CCB’s loans to science and technology-related industries topped 3.5 trillion yuan by the end of 2024, while ICBC’s loans to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that are specialized, refined, distinctive and innovative rose over 54 percent from the start of the year. China Everbright Bank also reported a 42.1-percent year-on-year increase in loans to tech firms.
Behind the figures, banks have been accelerating the establishment of financial mechanisms that align with technological innovation. ICBC has set up 25 regional technology finance centers nationwide, ABC expanded its network of tech-focused branches to nearly 300, and BOC launched a dedicated science and technology innovation fund.
However, many SMEs in the tech field still face financing challenges. At their earnings briefings, multiple banks pledged to deepen integrated equity-loan-bond-insurance financial services and tailor products to meet diverse innovation needs.
Consumer credit has emerged as a catalyst for domestic spending. Banks actively promoted traditional sectors like automobiles and home appliances while cultivating new consumption scenarios in tourism, elderly care, and other services.
By end-2024, Bank of Communications saw personal consumer loans jump 90.44 percent year on year, adding 156.8 billion yuan. ABC’s consumer loans grew 28.3 percent, that of CCB rose 25.21 percent, and China Merchants Bank’s consumer loan balance hit 396.16 billion yuan, up 31.38 percent year on year.
CCB also reported over 1 trillion yuan in credit card loans.
At the same time, banks have focused on meeting residents’ essential and improved housing needs by maintaining stable personal mortgage lending. By the end of 2024, CCB’s personal mortgage clients had surpassed 15 million, with outstanding mortgage loans totaling 6.19 trillion yuan. China CITIC Bank’s mortgage loan balance increased by 61.41 billion yuan, ranking among the highest in the industry.
Since the fourth quarter of last year, China’s housing market has shown positive changes following the implementation of a series of policy measures, which was also reflected in the financial sector.
According to CCB vice president Ji Zhihong, the bank’s daily average mortgage loan applications in Q4 2024 rose by 73 percent quarter-on-quarter and 35 percent year-on-year, with early repayments declining further in Q1 2025.
With additional policies aimed at boosting consumption on the horizon, the consumer finance market is poised for new growth opportunities. Dong Qingma, deputy dean of the Institute of Chinese Financial Studies at Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, stated that financial institutions will continue to ramp up support for consumption through fiscal incentives, interest subsidies, and tax reductions, injecting more capital into the economy.
While CMB’s annual report highlighted plans to tap into consumption scenarios encouraged by national policies, including high-end and comprehensive household spending. ICBC announced that it will actively engage with emerging economic models such as the ice and snow economy and the silver economy to further unleash consumption potential and enhance economic circulation.
Unlocking credit growth: fueling real economy
Multiple banks have signaled their commitment to maintaining stable credit growth, ensuring strong, sustained financial support for the real economy.
ICBC pledged over 6 trillion yuan in financing to private enterprises over the next three years. ABC aims to exceed 7.5 trillion yuan in loans to private firms by 2025, with inclusive finance loans growing faster than average.
A review of various banks’ strategic directions suggests that credit allocation priorities for 2025 are becoming clearer. Bank of Communications plans to issue 480 billion yuan in corporate loans, targeting major infrastructure projects, manufacturing, rural revitalization, and strategic emerging industries aligned with government policies.
CCB plans to further expand its retail credit and focus on green finance in key sectors such as energy, industry, and transportation, while continuing to support major infrastructure projects. China Everbright Bank will allocate over 70 percent of its corporate credit growth to tech, green, and inclusive sectors.
“The implementation of a more proactive fiscal policy and a moderately loose monetary policy this year will provide a favorable macroeconomic environment for the banking industry,” said ABC president Wang Zhiheng, adding that in 2025, the bank will seize strategic opportunities in rural development, industrial upgrades, and green transitions, among others.
Experts believe that as banks align their strategies with macroeconomic priorities, they will continue to identify and meet effective credit demand, enhancing the precision and adaptability of financial services, thus, continuing to channel high-quality funding to sustain the real economy’s growth.
China has expedited efforts to improve its social credit system and build a creditworthy society as part of the country’s broader push to advance a market-oriented economy.
The country has made progress in areas such as credit information sharing and the enforcement of penalties against bad-faith actions, as part of efforts to strengthen the social credit system, Li Chunlin, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, told a press conference on Wednesday.
The credit system is the bedrock of the market economy, according to experts. Credit plays a key role in optimizing the business environment, improving financial services, and enhancing governance and service efficiency of the government.
To boost credit information sharing, China has established a national-level credit information sharing platform, which aggregated over 80.7 billion credit records from 180 million business entities, according to Li.
The country has also set up a nationwide financing and credit service platform that compiles key enterprise-related credit data, including business registration and tax payment. Li said that the platform is designated to help financial institutions access comprehensive credit information of small firms, enabling them to provide targeted financial support to those in real need.
As of February 2025, financial institutions across the country have issued a total of 37.3 trillion yuan (about 5.2 trillion U.S. dollars) in loans through the platform, including 9.4 trillion yuan in credit loans. This has significantly alleviated the capital constraints facing small private enterprises, according to the official.
Regarding information security, the country is working to minimize the risk of information leakage by making data available but not visible. It also plans to incorporate blockchain technology to ensure traceability and enhance security during data processing.
The press conference came days after the release of a new guideline on further improving the social credit system. The guideline includes 23 measures and aims to create a unified national market while ensuring a fair and orderly competitive market environment.
The guideline calls for the establishment of a unified social credit system covering all types of entities, in order to promote the deep integration of social credit system into all aspects of social and economic development.
Highlighting the significance of the guideline, experts noted that these measures are expected to address challenges such as fragmented regulatory rules and data silos.
“The guideline marks a new historical starting point for China’s social credit system, and it will undoubtedly propel the system to reach a higher level of development,” said Wang Wei, a professor with the Party School of the Communist Party of China Central Committee (National Academy of Governance).
China will support domestic credit service institutions in establishing independent and impartial third-party credit service partnerships with Belt and Road Initiative partner countries and BRICS nations, and will also promote the internationalization of domestic credit rating agencies, according to the guideline.
Looking ahead, Li said China will increase efforts in data governance, facilitate the flow of data, effectively cultivate the credit market, and expand the credit economy.
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Felicity Deane, Professor of Trade Law, Taxation and Climate Change, Queensland University of Technology
US President Donald Trump has imposed a range of tariffs on all products entering the US market, with Australian exports set to face a 10% tariff, effective April 5.
These import taxes will be charged by US customs on each imported item. The punitive tariffs on 60 countries range as high as 34% on imports from China and 46% on Vietnam, and exceed the rates agreed between the United States and other global trade partners.
“For decades, our country has been looted, pillaged, raped and plundered by nations near and far, both friend and foe alike,” Trump said.
The impact on Australian industries will be both direct and indirect. The largest Australian export to the US is meat products, totalling A$4 billion in 2024, and our farmers may divert some product to other nations.
Direct and indirect impacts
The larger economic risk is to our regional trading partners.
While Australia faces only 10% tariffs, our major trading partners China, Japan and South Korea all face much higher US tariffs under the new regime. So the risk of a manufacturing slowdown in those countries could dampen demand for Australia’s much larger exports – iron ore, coal and gas.
Australian investors reacted swiftly, wiping 2.1% off the main stock market index, the S&P/ASX 200, in the first hour of trade.
Another problem will be the disruption to global supply chains. It is not just finished products impacted. For instance, the 25% automobile tariff will be extended to auto parts on May 3. This means even if a car is entirely built in the US, it will still be more expensive because many components are imported.
On April 1, the US released an annual trade report that identifies what it describes as “foreign trade barriers”. There was a long list of grievances with both tariff and non-tariff barriers identified.
The report identified Australia’s biosecurity restrictions on meat, apples and pears. The Australian biosecurity rules do not directly ban any products, although in practice raw beef products are excluded.
Trump singled out Australian beef in his speech. “They won’t take any of our beef,” he claimed.
In a speech riddled with inaccuracies and falsehoods, this was one of them. Australia take shelf-stable US products, but not raw products for which consumer safety can not be assured.
The US cited two other main Australian trade barriers. US drug companies have criticised the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme approvals processes. The Albanese government’s plan to strengthen the News Media Bargaining Code that requires tech companies to pay for news published on their platforms was also targeted.
How can Australia respond?
Both Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Opposition Leader Peter Dutton are in agreement over what we should do in response. They say Australian law and policy is not up for sale. We don’t negotiate on biosecurity, we don’t negotiate on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme process, and our local news media deserves protection from Big Tech.
1. All avenues start with negotiations
The preferred option is for a negotiation with the US to secure an exemption.
However, the US has sidelined the WTO in recent years and Albanese has ruled out this route.
2. Consultation
The second potential action is to initiate consultations under the Australia–US Free Trade Agreement. There is a formal process identified in the agreement to which Albanese referred, with a threat of “dispute resolution mechanisms”.
Albanese has ruled out imposing “reciprocal tariffs” on US imports, noting this would only push up prices for Australian consumers.
3. Find new markets
Third, we can find other markets. Australian agricultural products are some of the most desirable in the world. Australian producers will have other options. Indeed, the latest data for beef exports showed exports to China jumped 43% from January, to Japan up 27%, and to South Korea up 60% from the previous month.
What has the government said?
Albanese announced a response package, including $50 million to help pursue new markets. He said the tariff announcement was “not the act of a friend” and had “no basis in logic”:
It is the American people who will pay the biggest price for these unjustified tariffs. This is why our government will not be seeking to impose reciprocal tariffs.
Albanese’s response contains only one direct trade measure. That is the plan to strengthen anti-dumping provisions on steel, aluminium and other manufacturing. This means countries looking to sell their products too cheaply in Australia will face countervailing duties. It is a measure that aligns with trade rules.
The decision by the US to impose tariffs in this way shows complete disregard for the world trade order established after World War II.
The rules that have existed since this time aimed to limit trade barriers (such as tariffs). They also recognised the importance of supporting developing countries to be part of the world economy.
Some of the biggest US tariffs are to hit some of the lowest-income countries. This will impact their economies badly and disadvantage people already living in poverty.
Felicity Deane does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
Source: United States House of Representatives – Congressman Tom Cole (OK-04)
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE | CONTACT: Olivia Porcaro202-225-6165
Washington, D.C. – Congressman Tom Cole (OK-04) released the following statement after hearing about the passing of Wes Watkins:
“I was deeply saddened to learn of the sudden and unexpected passing of my dear friend and distinguished public servant, Wes Watkins of Stillwater, Oklahoma.
“Wes was a remarkable man and had a brilliant career in Congress, serving on two of the House’s most powerful committees, the Appropriations Committee and the Ways and Means Committee. Amazingly, he did so first as a Democrat (1977-1991) and then as a Republican (1997-2003). Wes also served as a State Senator in the 1970s and twice ran for Governor of Oklahoma (1990 and 1994), first as a Democrat and then as an Independent.
“Even though they ran against one another in a three-way race, former Governor Frank Keating nominated Wes for a cabinet level position in his first Administration. However, the Democratic dominated State Senate of that era refused to confirm his nomination – but Wes had the last laugh the next year when he reclaimed his old congressional seat as a Republican.
“Wes was the only person in Oklahoma history to carry a congressional seat as a Democrat, as an Independent in his 1994 Governor’s race, and finally as a Republican. No politician was ever as popular in the historic Third District, also known as Little Dixie. Wes Watkins’ remarkable electoral journey both symbolized and propelled Oklahoma’s own political transformation.
“I was privileged to serve as Wes’ lead political consultant in his final three congressional campaigns. I never worked for a more popular figure in a congressional district or a harder working man or a more energetic and effective campaigner than Wes. He was an institution in southeast Oklahoma, serving his constituents ably, honorably, and tirelessly throughout his political career.
“Wes Watkins may have changed political parties, but he never changed his political principles. He also never lost his passion for public service or let down the people he worked so hard to represent.
“Wes Watkins loved three things above all else – his family, the people of Oklahoma, and Oklahoma State University. He served all of them with love, dedication, and genuine distinction.
“The soulmate and cherished partner of Wes Watkins’ life was his beloved wife, Lou. You literally cannot think of one without thinking of the other. Their marriage was truly a match made in heaven.
“I will miss my friend Wes. The people of Oklahoma will miss him more. As one of his television ads once claimed, there simply was ‘no better man.’
“I extend my deepest sympathies to Lou, Wes’ children and grandchildren, and to all of Wes Watkins’ countless friends, former staffers, and admirers. Oklahoma has lost one of its favorite sons, most distinguished public servants, and ardent champions,”said Congressman Cole.
Source: United States House of Representatives – Congressman Jerrold Nadler (10th District of New York)
Today, Congressman Nadler issued the following statement:
“I strongly condemn former President Trump’s latest attacks on higher education cloaked under the guise of fighting antisemitism. Once again, the President is weaponizing the real pain American Jews face to advance his desire to wield control over the truth-seeking academic institutions that stand as a bulwark against authoritarianism.
Withholding funding from Columbia and, potentially, Harvard will not make Jewish students safer. Cutting funding to programs that work to cure cancer and make other groundbreaking discoveries will not make Jewish students safer. Impounding congressionally appropriated funding will not make Jewish students safer. Trump’s “review” is part of a larger effort to silence universities and intimidate those who challenge the MAGA agenda. It is a dangerous and politically motivated move that risks stifling free thought and academic inquiry.
Make no mistake. Trump’s actions are not rooted in genuine concern for combatting hate. If Trump were truly committed to fighting antisemitism, he would not have crippled the Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights, the only agency specifically tasked with enforcing anti-discrimination laws at our nation’s educational institutions. If Trump were truly committed to fighting antisemitism, he would start by rooting out the numerous antisemites that he has brought into some the highest echelons of power in the government of the United States.
Let’s also not forget that Trump’s record is stained by praise for neo-Nazis, Holocaust deniers, and white nationalists—groups that openly express their disdain for the Jewish people.
We cannot allow Trump’s authoritarian tactics to prevail—this is not the America we want to live in, nor is it the America we need.
I call on our nation’s universities to reject President Trump’s demands and to fight back against these hostile acts. If necessary, these issues must be litigated in federal court to put an end to the illegal and unconstitutional actions taken by the Trump Administration.”
Source: United States House of Representatives – Congressman Adrian Smith (R-NE)
Washington, DC — Congressman Adrian Smith (R-NE) invites high school students across Nebraska’s Third District to submit their artwork for the 2025 Congressional Art Competition by Monday, April 7th.
Smith is working with the Nebraska Art Teachers Association to coordinate the competition. Official rules, guidelines, and submission forms are available on Congressman Smith’s website: adriansmith.house.gov/services/art-competition.
First-place artwork will be displayed in the U.S. Capitol, alongside winning entries from across the country, and Smith will display the runners-up in his Washington, D.C., and Third District offices.
The Congressional Institute annually sponsors the Congressional Art Competition for high school students from all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories.
For additional information, please contact Smith’s Grand Island office at (308) 384-3900.
Source: United States House of Representatives – Congressman Jason Smith (8th District of Missouri)
WASHINGTON – America’s seniors are getting the Social Security benefits they are owed quickly thanks to efforts by the Trump administration and the Ways and Means Committee to implement the Social Security Fairness Act. Less than four months after Congress repealed the Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) and Government Pension Offset (GPO), the Trump administration will begin paying Social Security beneficiaries who are owed retroactive payments as soon as March, and changes to monthly benefits will begin as soon as April, despite previous claims by the Social Security Administration (SSA) that implementation could take up to one year.
Ways and Means Committee Chairman Jason Smith (Mo.) issued the following statement:
“The Trump administration is wasting no time in ensuring America’s seniors receive the Social Security benefits they are owed. The Social Security Administration’s announcement that it will be expediting the delivery of retroactive payments and monthly benefit increases shows the agency is being responsive to the request of our Committee to act on the repeal of the WEP and GPO without delay. Not letting the bureaucracy get in the way of benefits owed to America’s seniors is the right course of action. It will bring much needed relief to those individuals who were harmed by a flawed system.”
This action follows a letter sent by Smith and Social Security Subcommittee Chairman Ron Estes (Kan.) to then Acting SSA Commissioner Carolyn Colvin requesting that the agency provide information and clear guidance to Congress and the American people on how the agency planned to implement the repeal of the WEP and GPO in a quick and efficient manner.
Background:
The Social Security Fairness Act (H.R. 82) was signed into law on January 5, 2025 – repealing the WEP and GPO, effective December 2023.
The WEP and GPO were enacted in 1983 and primarily affected state and local government employees, like teachers, police officers, and firefighters, and federal government employees who received a pension based on earnings that are exempt from Social Security payroll taxes.
The WEP reduced the benefits of certain beneficiaries who are entitled to both Social Security benefits and pension benefits from employment not covered by Social Security.
The GPO reduced the benefits of certain spouses and survivors who are also receiving pension benefits from employment not covered by Social Security.
READ: Smith, Estes Demand the Social Security Administration’s Plan to Ensure Timely Relief in Implementing Repeal of the WEP and GPO
Source: United States House of Representatives – Congressman Jason Smith (8th District of Missouri)
Like so many Americans, I’ve been alarmed by the rise in antisemitism we’ve seen ever since Hamas’ October 7 terror attack against Israel. That’s especially true when it comes to what’s been going on at so many colleges, where radical pro-Hamas protestors have attacked Jewish students, caused colleges to cancel classes, set up tent cities on campus, and destroyed public property. In far too many cases, colleges stood idly by and refused to punish those who are causing Jewish students to live in fear every time they walk to class, go to the cafeteria, or head to the library. Fortunately, thanks to President Donald Trump, these colleges and pro-Hamas students are finally being held accountable.
Shortly after taking office, President Trump signed an executive order that takes unprecedented steps to combat the unacceptable explosion of antisemitism on campus. He called on federal agencies to investigate colleges that turned a blind eye to these hate-filled rallies and refused to take necessary actions to protect Jewish students. In his executive order, President Trump also stated, “To all the resident aliens who joined in the pro-jihadist protests, we put you on notice: come 2025, we will find you, and we will deport you. I will also quickly cancel the student visas of all Hamas sympathizers on college campuses, which have been infested with radicalism like never before.”
On March 10, President Donald Trump announced that U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents apprehended anti-Israel activist Mahmoud Khalil – and warned that other terrorist sympathizers would meet a similar fate. Khalil, a Palestinian raised in Syria, served as a senior leader for the Columbia University Apartheid Divest student organization, which has called for the “total eradication of Western civilization” and played a key role in the hate-filled rallies on Columbia’s campus that caused multiple injuries, significant property damage, and harassment of Jewish students. I’m glad that the Trump administration is holding accountable individuals who sympathize with terror groups and pose a threat to our national security.
Recently, the Trump administration announced that it will rescind more than $400 million in federal grants to Columbia University due to the school’s failure to address antisemitism on campus. In addition, his administration is conducting a wide-ranging review of more than $5 billion in federal grant funding that goes to Columbia. But that’s not all: The Department of Education put 60 universities on notice that there will be significant consequences if they continue to allow discrimination and harassment against Jewish students to run rampant on their campuses, which would directly violate the Civil Rights Act.
As Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, which has jurisdiction over the tax code, I’ve been leading Congress’s investigation into the rise in antisemitism on the campuses of tax-exempt universities. The significant benefits these universities receive from the American taxpayer are not a blank check. By failing to ensure a safe learning environment – including protecting Jewish students from harassment and violence – they are putting their taxpayer benefits and federal grants at risk.
It is my hope that under President Trump, Jewish students will finally be able to step foot on campus without having to fear for their safety. I’m incredibly grateful that he’s also making it clear that colleges will be held accountable if they fail to protect their students. In Washington, I will continue working with him to accomplish our shared goal of rooting out the antisemitism that’s plaguing our great nation.
Tourism and Hospitality Minister Louise Upston says opening a second multi-million dollar funding round for regional tourism will drive economic growth.
“We know a successful tourism and hospitality sector is crucial for growing our economy,” Louise Upston says.
“Tourism is a crucial part of this Government’s focus on economic growth, with domestic and international tourism expenditure at almost $38 billion and supporting nearly 200,000 jobs
“We also know we need to see visitors in regions outside our main cities, and outside peak periods. Hosting exciting local events is one of the best ways we can do this.
“Today I’m pleased to be announcing that regional tourism organisations will have a pool of $2.45 million to pitch to from the Regional Events Promotion Fund.
“Regions with big ideas can reach out straight away. As Minister, I’m always looking forward to working closely with the sector to help maximise the benefits of tourism and hospitality and support the workforce to grow.
“All ideas are up for discussion, as we reinforce the message that New Zealand is open for business and ready to welcome visitors from home and overseas.
“In this second round, I’m particularly keen to encourage regions which might not traditionally have seen a high volume of domestic tourists to host events which will drive spending and activity in their communities.
“This is the latest in our push to support the tourism sector, including:
$500,000 for marketing New Zealand as the ‘go now’ destination for Australians
$30 million to support conservation visitor related experiences
$9 million for Great Rides cycle infrastructure
$3 million from the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy to secure more business events for New Zealand
“2025 is our chance to reinforce the value of tourism and show what our humming, vibrant country has on show. New Zealand tourism is open for business,” Louise Upston said during comments to the University of Otago Tourism Policy School in Queenstown.
The first round of funding for the Regional Events Promotion Fund saw 132 events approved, with $2.375 million allocated.
Applications for the second round of funding are open now with decisions expected to be made in May 2025.
Though the new semester may feel like it just started, midterm season is right around the corner. Students are busier than ever, juggling demanding schedules filled with assignments, assessments and exam preparation. Supporting this busy period is the Galaxy Tab S10 FE+, a tablet designed to make studying smarter and more efficient.
Samsung Electronics’ Galaxy Tab S10 FE+ features an expansive display, powerful AI capabilities and exceptional portability — emerging as a versatile learning companion for students of all levels, from middle and high school to university. Combining high performance with affordability, the device delivers outstanding value and positions itself as an essential tool for academic success.
Samsung Newsroom explored how students can make the most of the Galaxy Tab S10 FE+ and Samsung’s Intelligent Features this semester.
▲ Galaxy Tab S10 FE+
A Larger Display Built for Learning
With online lectures and remote classes now a regular part of student life, the Galaxy Tab S10 FE+ creates an ideal learning environment. The expansive 13.1-inch display1 — the largest ever in the Galaxy Tab S FE series — paired with a slim 8.1-mm bezel takes focus and engagement to the next level. Even small text in online course materials is easy to see at a glance.
Thanks to a brightness of up to 800 nits in High Brightness Mode (HBM), the display stays clearly visible even in bright outdoor conditions. Whether seated by a sunny window or studying on the go, students can comfortably follow online lessons anytime, anywhere.
Beyond the classroom, the Galaxy Tab S10 FE+’s large display enhances entertainment too. The 90Hz refresh rate ensures smooth screen transitions, making video streaming and gaming more fluid and immersive — perfect for study breaks.
▲ The Galaxy Tab S10 FE+ boasts a 13.1-inch display.
Boosting Efficiency With Powerful Multitasking
The Multi Window2 feature on the Galaxy Tab S10 FE+ elevates productivity, allowing students to split the screen into as many as three sections to attend online lectures, take notes and research unfamiliar concepts simultaneously. With up to 12GB of high-capacity memory, the device supports smooth, efficient multitasking and runs multiple apps seamlessly — making it a reliable resource, especially during stressful exam periods.
▲ Multi Window
Streamlining Notes With S Pen
Included with the Galaxy Tab S10 FE+, the S Pen offers a precise and natural writing experience that makes handwriting feel smooth and satisfying. A variety of AI-powered features can also be unlocked.
▲ The Galaxy Tab S10 FE+ and the S Pen
Concerns about messy handwriting or uneven lines are easily addressed with Handwriting help by activating a Smart guideline that helps maintain clean, straight lines. Additional features such as Align letters and Fix the shape of letters can automatically refine handwriting in real time to create polished, well-organized notes.
▲ Align letters in Handwriting help
Moreover, handwritten notes can be turned into text for reviewing and sharing with friends. The Convert to text feature is useful for subjects like math and science, as it can transform handwritten equations and formulas into editable digital text to streamline studying.
▲ Convert to text
While taking notes in Samsung Notes, students can record audio with their handwritten notes automatically synchronized. During playback, tapping any part of the notes jumps directly to the corresponding moment in the recording — enabling a more targeted review without the need to manually search through audio files.
▲ Real-time synchronization of audio and notes in Samsung Notes
Smarter Study Support Through Intelligent AI Features
When studying alone, the AI-powered features on the Galaxy Tab S10 FE+ help students effortlessly find answers. Using Circle to Search with Google, they can instantly look up complex concepts or solve difficult math problems with step-by-step explanations by circling the relevant text or image on the screen. This intuitive tool also translates on-screen text, making foreign language learning more accessible and efficient.
▲ Circle to Search with Google
The Solve Math feature3 in Samsung Notes also provides quick and accurate solutions to complex mathematical equations. By writing a formula followed by an equal sign (=), the answer appears automatically. The tool supports both handwritten and typed expressions in real time — handling everything from basic arithmetic to advanced, scientific calculator-level computations and unit conversions for measurements including area, length and temperature. Notably, the feature retains the student’s original handwriting style and preserves the selected pen type, text size and thickness for a consistent note-taking experience.
▲ Solve Math in Samsung Notes
To support active recall and track mistakes, the Galaxy Tab S10 FE+ helps students create a personal review notebook. By tapping the pen-shaped icon on the right side of the screen with the S Pen, they can activate Air Command. Using AI Select, incorrectly answered questions can be identified and moved to a new note or existing note — helping compile and organize materials for review.
▲ AI Select
For extensive writing tasks such as essays or reports, the Book Cover Keyboard transforms the Galaxy Tab S10 FE+ into a laptop. Pressing the dedicated Galaxy AI Key instantly launches AI assistants, allowing students to quickly search for information and enhance their learning experience.
▲ (From left) The Galaxy Tab S10 FE+ paired with the Book Cover Keyboard and the Galaxy AI Key
From Classrooms to Cafés: A Stylish Companion for Any Setting
Despite featuring the largest display ever in the Galaxy Tab S FE series, the Galaxy Tab S10 FE+ is designed with portability in mind. The lightweight build and slim 6.0-mm profile help reduce the burden on students carrying backpacks filled with textbooks and notebooks. Additionally, IP68-rated water and dust resistance ensures durability and peace of mind in various environments — from classrooms and libraries to cafés.
▲ The Galaxy Tab S10 FE+ is exceptionally portable.
For students who value both aesthetics and performance, the Galaxy Tab S10 FE+ draws from the refined design legacy of the Galaxy Tab S series. Available in three elegant colors — Blue, Gray and Silver — the subtle tones add a touch of sophistication that complements any setting.
Combining Samsung’s Intelligent Features with an accessible price point, the Galaxy Tab S10 FE+ stands out as the ultimate learning companion — supporting smarter exam preparation, more efficient time management and a stylish, functional experience for students everywhere.
1 Measured diagonally, the screen size is 13.1 inches in the full rectangle and 13.0 inches when accounting for the rounded corners. The actual viewable area is smaller due to the rounded corners.2 Certain applications may not support Multi Window.3 Solve Math runs on-device and does not require an internet connection but requires a Samsung Account login. Incorrect handwriting recognition may lead to inaccurate calculations.
The greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) is one of Australia’s most iconic yet at-risk animals — and the last surviving bilby species. Once found across 70% of Australia, its range has contracted by more than 80% since European colonisation.
Today, these nocturnal marsupials, still culturally significant to many Indigenous peoples, are restricted to remote deserts. They face an ongoing threat of extinction.
Local elders, Indigenous rangers and scientists hold valuable knowledge about bilby populations, the threats they face, and strategies needed to sustain them into the future.
Our new study, published today in Conservation Science and Practice, reveals how collaboration between scientists and Indigenous land managers can help yield new and vital information.
In the field, we used two methods – one based on Walpiri knowledge and one based on standard scientific protocols – to locate bilbies and collect scat (poo) samples in the North Tanami Indigenous Protected Area in the Northern Territory.
By drawing on Warlpiri tracking expertise and Western scientific methods, we uncovered crucial information on bilby populations that could help conserve these rare creatures.
Understanding bilby numbers is important – but hard
Bilbies turn over tonnes of soil each year, helping to improve soil health, help seeds germinate and enhance water infiltration. Their deep, complex burrows also provide shelter for other species.
They’re crucial to the health of desert ecosystems; protecting bilbies means protecting the web of life they support.
To do this, we need to know more about:
how many bilbies there are
how they respond to land management techniques such as planned burning
how they respond to threats such as feral predators.
Yet, bilbies are notoriously difficult to monitor directly via live capture. They’re nocturnal, shy and solitary. And they inhabit vast landscapes, making it very hard to estimate population numbers.
Bilby tracks North Tanami (pen for scale). Hayley Geyle/Author Provided
Luckily, the tracks, diggings and scats bilbies leave behind provide ample clues. DNA from scat (if it can be found) can be used to estimate how many bilbies are present in a particular area.
Systematic ecological surveys, often used to monitor wildlife, can be rigid and expensive, especially in remote regions.
We need flexible methods that align with local knowledge and the practical realities of monitoring bilbies on Country.
A new approach to monitor and manage bilbies
We tested two methods of locating bilby scat for DNA analysis.
The first was systematic sampling. This is a standard scientific approach where fixed lengths of land were walked multiple times to collect scat.
This ensures sampling effort is even over the search area and comparable across sites. However, like most species, bilby distribution is patchy, and this approach can lead to researchers missing important signs.
The second method was targeted sampling, guided by Warlpiri knowledge, to search in areas most likely to yield results.
This allowed the search team to focus on areas where bilbies were active or predicted to be active based on knowledge of their habits and food sources.
Altogether, we collected more than 1,000 scat samples. In the lab, we extracted DNA from these samples to identify individual bilbies. These data, combined with the location of samples, allowed us to estimate the size of the bilby population.
We then compared estimates that would have been derived if we had only done systematic or targeted sampling, or both, to assess their strengths and limitations for monitoring bilby populations.
The deep, complex burrows of bilbies also provide shelter for other species. Kelly Dixon/Author provided
What we found
We identified 20 bilbies from the scats collected during systematic surveys and 26 – six more – from targeted surveys. At least 16 individual bilbies were detected by both methods. In total, we confirmed 32 unique bilbies in the study area.
When it came to population estimates – which consider how many repeat captures occur and where – combining data from both types of surveys produced the most accurate estimates with the least effort.
Targeted sampling tended to overestimate population size because it focused on areas of high activity. Systematic sampling was more precise but required greater effort.
Combining both approaches provided the most reliable estimates while saving time.
In the lab, we extracted DNA from bilby scat samples to identify individual bilbies. Hayley Geyle/Author provided
What this means for conservation
Our research highlights how collaboration that includes different ways of knowing can improve conservation.
By adapting standard on-ground survey techniques to include Warlpiri methods for tracking bilbies, we produced better data and supported local capacity for bilby monitoring.
Conservation programs often rely on standardised ecological monitoring protocols – in other words, doing things much the same way no matter where you’re working.
While these protocols provide consistency, they are rigid and don’t always yield the best results. They also fail to incorporate local knowledge crucial for managing species like the bilby.
Our approach shows how integrating diverse ways of working can deliver more inclusive and effective outcomes, without compromising data reliability.
Their future depends on collaborative efforts that draw on scientific and Indigenous and local knowledges.
This study provides an example of how such partnerships can work – not just for bilbies, but for other species and ecosystems.
As Australia confronts biodiversity loss, this research underscores the importance of listening to those who know Country best.
By valuing and respecting local expertise, we can build a stronger future for bilbies and the landscapes that are their home.
Hayley Geyle is employed by Territory NRM, who receives funding for threatened species projects from the Australian government through the Natural Heritage Trust. She also works on the Digital Women Ranger project. She is affiliated with Territory NRM and the Northern Institute (Charles Darwin University).
Cathy Robinson is employed at CSIRO and is Group Leader in the Agriculture and Food Sustainability Program and Research lead for the Digital Women Ranger Program which is supported by the Telstra Foundation. Cathy is also an Adjunct Professor at Charles Darwin University, Chair of IUCN Australian Expert Advisory Panel for the Green List, and Executive Advisor for the Liveris Academy for Innovation and Leadership at the University of Queensland.
Christine Schlesinger does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
Helen Wilson does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
US President Donald Trump singled out Australia’s beef trade for special mention in his announcement that the United States would impose a 10% global tariff as well as “reciprocal tariffs” on many countries.
In a long speech in the White House Rose Garden, Trump said: “Australia bans – and they’re wonderful people and wonderful everything – but they ban American beef.
“Yet we imported US$3 billion of Australian beef from them just last year alone.
“They won’t take any of our beef. They don’t want it because they don’t want it to affect their farmers and you know, I don’t blame them but we’re doing the same thing right now starting at midnight tonight, I would say.”
Australia bans US fresh beef imports because of biosecurity concerns. The US just-released Foreign Trade Barriers report says, “the United States continues to seek full market access for fresh US beef and beef products”.
Trump announced a “minimum baseline tariff” of 10%, which would apply to Australia as well as to all other countries.
Initially, given Trump’s language, there was confusion about what will happen with beef but later it was clarified it would face the basic 10% general tariff, and nothing more.
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese condemned the new US trade regime and said Australia would continue to try to get exemptions for Australia.
The trade decision was “not unexpected” but had “no basis in logic” and “was not the act of a friend”.
Albanese announced a response package, but flagged the government did not want to take the US to the World Trade Organisation. The package includes:
strenghening anti-dumping provisions
providing A$50 million to affected sectors to secure and pursue new markets
sending five missions abroad to develop other markets
setting up a new resilience program, involving $1 billion in loans to capitalise on new investment opportunities
putting Australian businesses at “the front of the queue” in a “buy Australian” policy in government procurement
setting up a strategic reserve for Australian critical minerals.
Albanese re-emphasised Australia would make no changes to the country’s biosecurity rules.
Under Trump’s announcement, varying “reciprocal” rates are being imposed on individual countries according to the barriers they impose on American items.
The president described this as “one of the most important days in American history”, saying it represented a “declaration of economic independence”.
China will face a 34% tariff, while there will be a 25% global tariff on cars imported into the US. Imports from the European Union will have a 20% tariff imposed.
There will be 25% on imports from South Korea, as well as 24% on imports from Japan and 32% on those from Taiwan.
Trump’s message to countries seeking special treatment could not have been blunter.
“To all of the foreign presidents, prime ministers, kings, queens, ambassadors, and everyone else, who will soon be calling to ask for exemptions from these tariffs, I say, terminate your own tariffs, drop your barriers, don’t manipulate here your currencies – they manipulate their currencies, like, nobody can even believe, when it’s a bad, bad thing, and very devastating to us.
“And start buying tens of billions of dollars of American goods.
“Tariffs give us protection against those looking to do us economic harm.”
He said the new US trade regime would raise trillions of dollars that would reduce American taxes and pay down its debt.
Opposition campaign spokesman James Paterson described the announcement as “disappointing”, He said Australia should work “calmly and directly” with the US administration to get a better deal.
Nationals leader David Littleproud said action against beef would mean the price of Big Mac burgers would go up for American consumers. Australian beef exported to the US is especially for burgers.
Michelle Grattan does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
Source: United States House of Representatives – Congressman Gregory W Meeks (5th District of New York)
March 28, 2025
ICYMI This Week: Rep. Meeks Calls for Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth to Resign and Meets with Local Advocacy Groups
Congressman Meeks Discusses the Signal Security Breach on CNN
In a shocking revelation byThe Atlantic, we learned that Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth and other top administration officials discussed classified information on Signal, an unsecure messaging app, on a group chat that unknowingly included a reporter. This reckless behavior could have put American lives in danger. I joined CNN’s Laura Coates to discuss my call for an investigation into the Signal security breach and why Secretary Hegseth must resign or be fired.
Airport Minority Advisory Council Comes to Washington
It was great connecting with Airport Minority Advisory Council (AMAC) to discuss the emerging challenges the Trump administration is imposing on the “Disadvantaged Business Enterprise” (DBE) program at JFK airport. Programs like this create opportunities, drive economic growth, and provide jobs for thousands in my district. I will continue to be a strong advocate for them during the 119th Congress.
Congressman Chats with Delta 4 Women in Action
It was a pleasure meeting with Delta 4 Women in Action of Queens in my D.C. office to discuss ways to improve civic engagement outreach, the Republican cut to Medicaid and how the elimination of the U.S. Department of Education will hurt our students and communities.
Rep. Meeks Meets with ICSC New York
I had a great meeting with ICSC’s New York representatives to discuss the future of the marketplaces industry, revitalizing our towns and cities, driving job growth, and boosting investment across New York.
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Recent media coverage in the Nine newspapers highlights a surge in non-medical ultrasound providers offering “reassurance ultrasounds” to expectant parents.
The service has resulted in serious harms, such as misdiagnosed ectopic pregnancies and undetected fetal abnormalities, according to the reports.
So why do some women choose additional ultrasounds? And how can you tell if you should trust the person providing your ultrasound?
What are reassurance scans?
Reassurance scans are a type of non-medical elective or “entertainment” ultrasound some women seek in addition to their routine first- and second-trimester scans.
Reassurance scans are marketed as a way to “give you peace of mind” about your baby’s development, or to assure you “everything is progressing as it should” if you’re not due for a routine scan.
They’re also called souvenir, boutique or keepsake ultrasounds, because these business typically sell memento packages. These often include so-called 4D images: renderings combined with the fourth dimension of time to show movement.
Some businesses offer gender identification information, sometimes with “gender-reveal” party accessories, as well as audio recordings of the fetal heartbeat.
Why do women get them?
Detailed interview studies have explored why ultrasound images beyond the routine scans are so popular.
Many expecting parents want to learn the fetal sex as early as possible, seek reassurance, see the facial features of their future child and acquire keepsake images.
Rather than trivialising the “entertainment” value of these services, some argue obstetricians could learn from the service, thus improving patient satisfaction during obstetric imaging.
Professional organisations have denounced these businesses for misleading consumers with false reassurances. As these scans aren’t checked by a clinician, these operators cannot give reliable assurances.
Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration regulates the supply of medical devices. It registers them, classifies them according to their risk and sometimes attaches conditions to their use.
Last year, the TGA de-registered several handheld devices used to detect fetal heartbeats during pregnancy without health practitioner supervision.
The decision followed a post-market review that found expectant parents had been falsely reassured by the devices themselves or by untrained people using them in home settings.
However, no such review has been conducted for portable ultrasound devices.
While removing devices from the register in this manner may limit consumer access, it is not a “product recall” and would not prevent the continued sale of second-hand devices.
These days it’s normal to share ultrasound images on social media. fizkes/Shutterstock
Who can perform ultrasounds?
While some specialist health practitioners may perform ultrasounds (such as obstetricians holding a relevant certificate), most diagnostic imaging specialists are sonographers.
But there is no sonography registration board to receive complaints about sonographers or take disciplinary action against them. This sets sonographers apart from registered health practitioners such as doctors, nurses and pharmacists.
This could make sonographers more clearly identifiable through title protections, ensure poorly performing sonographers are disciplined and allow for consistent national standards.
However, it would not stop unregistered people from providing non-medical ultrasounds.
So how can you tell if your provider is a sonographer?
One clear signal that a provider is offering a non-diagnostic ultrasound is that no Medicare subsidy is on offer.
Australian providers conducting imaging without accreditation must inform consumers of their non-accreditedstatus and confirm no Medicare benefit is payable.
You can make complaints to state-based health complaints bodies. The Health Care Complaints Commission in New South Wales, for example, can investigate complaints about sonographers as non-registered health practitioners and consider the relevant code of conduct.
When a sonographer is found to have acted improperly, or to pose a health or safety risk, these complaints bodies may issue orders prohibiting the sonographer from providing any health services for a specified period.
Australian consumer law is another way authorities may crack down on unscrupulous providers. In 2015, a person was prosecuted in Western Australia after selling identical images to six women who received non-medical ultrasounds in their homes.
Her offences involved making false or misleading claims and accepting money for services not provided.
If non-medical imaging providers make misleading claims, including about the level of clinical reassurance a non-diagnostic scan can provide, you can report them to the Australian Consumer and Competition Commission.
The author was employed as a research officer at the Medical Council of New South Wales in 2018.
US President Donald Trump singled out Australia’s beef trade for special mention in his announcement that the United States would impose a 10% global tariff as well as “reciprocal tariffs” on many countries.
In a long speech in the White House Rose Garden, Trump said: “Australia bans – and they’re wonderful people and wonderful everything – but they ban American beef.
“Yet we imported US$3 billion of Australian beef from them just last year alone.
“They won’t take any of our beef. They don’t want it because they don’t want it to affect their farmers and you know, I don’t blame them but we’re doing the same thing right now starting at midnight tonight, I would say.”
Australia bans US fresh beef imports because of biosecurity concerns. The US just-released Foreign Trade Barriers report says, “the United States continues to seek full market access for fresh US beef and beef products”.
Trump announced a “minimum baseline tariff” of 10%, which would apply to Australia as well as to all other countries.
Initially, given Trump’s language, there was confusion about what will happen with beef but later it was clarified it would face the basic 10% general tariff, and nothing more.
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese condemned the new US trade regime and said Australia would continue to try to get exemptions for Australia.
The trade decision was “not unexpected” but had “no basis in logic” and “was not the act of a friend”.
Albanese announced a response package, but flagged the government did not want to take the US to the World Trade Organisation. The package includes:
strenghening anti-dumping provisions
providing A$50 million to affected sectors to secure and pursue new markets
sending five missions abroad to develop other markets
setting up a new resilience program, involving $1 billion in loans to capitalise on new investment opportunities
putting Australian businesses at “the front of the queue” in a “buy Australian” policy in government procurement
setting up a strategic reserve for Australian critical minerals.
Albanese re-emphasised Australia would make no changes to the country’s biosecurity rules.
Under Trump’s announcement, varying “reciprocal” rates are being imposed on individual countries according to the barriers they impose on American items.
The president described this as “one of the most important days in American history”, saying it represented a “declaration of economic independence”.
China will face a 34% tariff, while there will be a 25% global tariff on cars imported into the US. Imports from the European Union will have a 20% tariff imposed.
There will be 25% on imports from South Korea, as well as 24% on imports from Japan and 32% on those from Taiwan.
Trump’s message to countries seeking special treatment could not have been blunter.
“To all of the foreign presidents, prime ministers, kings, queens, ambassadors, and everyone else, who will soon be calling to ask for exemptions from these tariffs, I say, terminate your own tariffs, drop your barriers, don’t manipulate here your currencies – they manipulate their currencies, like, nobody can even believe, when it’s a bad, bad thing, and very devastating to us.
“And start buying tens of billions of dollars of American goods.
“Tariffs give us protection against those looking to do us economic harm.”
He said the new US trade regime would raise trillions of dollars that would reduce American taxes and pay down its debt.
Opposition campaign spokesman James Paterson described the announcement as “disappointing”, He said Australia should work “calmly and directly” with the US administration to get a better deal.
Nationals leader David Littleproud said action against beef would mean the price of Big Mac burgers would go up for American consumers. Australian beef exported to the US is especially for burgers.
Michelle Grattan does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
Source: United States House of Representatives – Congressman Sam Graves (6th District of Missouri)
WASHINGTON, DC – The Center for Effective Lawmaking (CEL)at the University of Virginia announced yesterday the release of their Legislative Effectiveness Scoresfor the 118th Congress (2023-2024). The group announced that Congressman Sam Graves (MO-06) topped their list this year with a Legislative Effectiveness Score seven times higher than the average member of the House.
“Our analysis found that Representative Graves ranked as the most effective Republican House Member in the last Congress. In addition, he ranked as one of the most effective Representatives in terms of having their sponsored standalone bills substantially incorporated into the laws of other members of Congress. We congratulate the Representative for his hard work and setting an example for promoting the importance of effective lawmaking,” according to the Center for Effective Lawmaking.
Legislative Effectiveness Scores are based on “the bills that each member of Congress sponsors, how far they move through the lawmaking process, and how substantial their policy proposals are.” Graves sponsored 17 bills in the last Congress, 8 of which passed the House, and 4 of which became law as stand-alone measures.
“I have always strived to get things done for Missouri in Congress. You can accomplish a lot by working hard to push legislation forward. That’s why it is an absolute honor to be recognized asthe most effective lawmaker of the 118th Congress by the Center for Effective Lawmaking,” said Rep. Graves. “It’s an honor to work for the people of North Missouri and I look forward to getting more accomplished this year!”
Major bills from the 118th Congress sponsored by Graves and signed into law, whether as stand-alone measures or as part of other bills, included theFAA Reauthorization Act of 2024, theWater Resources Development Act of 2024, theE-BRIDGE Act, and theAirport and Airway Extension Act of 2023.
Graves serves as Chair of the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and also sits on the House Armed Services Committee.
You can learn more about the Legislative Effectiveness Scores here.
Source: United States Senator for Louisiana Bill Cassidy
Grant Awarded
Recipient
Project Description
$1,515,421.77
Lake Charles Harbor and Terminal District
This grant will provide federal funding for equipment replacement at Hewitt-Robbins Ship Loader #1 damaged by Hurricane Laura.
$1,725,740.10
West Calcasieu Cameron Hospital
This grant will provide federal funding for permanent repairs to hospital buildings damaged by Hurricane Laura.
$6,209,552.39
Terrebonne Parish School Board
This grant will provide federal funding for management costs associated with recovery projects following Hurricane Ida.
$1,312,558.39
Orleans Levee District Non-Flood Protection Asset Management Authority
This grant will provide federal funding for permanent repairs to South Shore Harbor facilities damaged by Hurricane Ida.
$13,358,873.33
St. John the Baptist Parish
This grant will provide federal funding for debris removal operations following Hurricane Laura.
$1,562,359.50
Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development
This grant will provide federal funding for debris removal operations following Hurricane Ida.
$5,286,570.30
Terrebonne Parish School Board
This grant will provide federal funding for repair costs resulting from Hurricane Ida.
$1,415,716.20
Jefferson Parish School Board
This grant will provide federal funding for repair costs resulting from Hurricane Ida.
US President Donald Trump singled out Australia’s beef trade for special mention in his announcement that the United States would impose a 10% global tariff as well as “reciprocal tariffs” on many countries.
In a long speech in the White House Rose Garden, Trump said: “Australia bans – and they’re wonderful people and wonderful everything – but they ban American beef.
“Yet we imported US$3 billion of Australian beef from them just last year alone.
“They won’t take any of our beef. They don’t want it because they don’t want it to affect their farmers and you know, I don’t blame them but we’re doing the same thing right now starting at midnight tonight, I would say.”
Australia bans US beef imports because of biosecurity concerns. The US just-released Foreign Trade Barriers report says, “the United States continues to seek full market access for fresh US beef and beef products”.
While exactly what will happen with beef is unclear, Trump announced a “minimum baseline tariff” of 10%, which would apply to Australia as well as to all other countries.
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese condemned the new US trade regime, and said Australia would continue to try to get exemptions for Australia.
The trade decision was “not unexpected” but had “no basis in logic” and “was not the act of a friend”.
Albanese announced a response package, but
flagged the government did not want to take the US to the World Trade Organisation. The package includes:
strenghening anti-dumping provisions
providing A$50 million to affected sectors to secure and pursue new markets
sending five missions abroad to develop other markets
setting up a new resilience program, involving $1 billion in loans to capitalise on new investment opportunities
putting Australian businesses at “the front of the queue” in a “buy Australian” policy in government procurement
setting up a strategic reserve for Australian critical minerals.
Albanese re-emphasised Australia would make no changes to the country’s biosecurity rules.
Under Trump’s announcement, varying “reciprocal” rates are being imposed on individual countries according to the barriers they impose on American items.
The president described this as “one of the most important days in American history”, saying it represented a “declaration of economic independence”.
China will face a 34% tariff, while there will be a 25% global tariff on cars imported into the US. Imports from the European Union will have a 20% tariff imposed.
There will be 25% on imports from South Korea, as well as 24% on imports from Japan and 32% on those from Taiwan.
Trump’s message to countries seeking special treatment could not have been blunter.
“To all of the foreign presidents, prime ministers, kings, queens, ambassadors, and everyone else, who will soon be calling to ask for exemptions from these tariffs, I say, terminate your own tariffs, drop your barriers, don’t manipulate here your currencies – they manipulate their currencies, like, nobody can even believe, when it’s a bad, bad thing, and very devastating to us.
“And start buying tens of billions of dollars of American goods.
“Tariffs give us protection against those looking to do us economic harm.”
He said the new US trade regime would raise trillions of dollars that would reduce American taxes and pay down its debt.
Opposition campaign spokesman James Paterson described the announcement as “disappointing”, He said Australia should work “calmly and directly” with the US administration to get a better deal.
Nationals leader David Littleproud said action against beef would mean the price of Big Mac burgers would go up for American consumers. Australian beef exported to the US is especially for burgers.
Michelle Grattan does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
The Eurasian and North American tectonic plates in Thingvellir National Park, Iceland.Nido Huebl/Shutterstock
Earth is the only known planet which has plate tectonics today. The constant movement of these giant slabs of rock over the planet’s magma creates continents – and may have even helped create life.
In a new paper published in Nature today, colleagues and I reveal secrets of Earth’s crust 4.5 billion years ago. In the process, we also provide a new way to approach one of the biggest enduring scientific mysteries: when did plate tectonics begin?
Others say it may have been characterised by episodic, stop-start tectonics. The latter might have been triggered by major meteorite impacts that were common early on, but declined in number over time.
Plate tectonics is intimately linked to the composition of the oceans and atmosphere because the constant movement of the plates also moves carbon and other elements around. It’s also closely linked to how heat is released from Earth’s interior.
One of the biggest enduring scientific mysteries is when plate tectonics began. Kolonko/Shutterstock
A distinctive chemical fingerprint
The movement of tectonic plates produces volcanic activity at their boundaries. But at island arcs, such as the so-called Ring of Fire which encircles the Pacific Ocean, this volcanism has a distinctive chemical fingerprint nearly identical to that of today’s average continental crust. For example, there is a depletion of the element niobium relative to the rare earth elements.
Because of this, scientists have long thought that the key to determining when plate tectonics began is to find the first appearance of this fingerprint in ancient rocks.
Unfortunately, the actions of plate tectonics also compress, melt and reprocess the rocks of the Earth’s crust. As a result, ancient rocks are very rare and there are probably none now remaining from the Hadean eon (4.5–4 billion years ago).
Such a large range suggests a major problem in the approach.
A new approach
Beginning in early 2024, the research team I led tried a new approach. The team was made up of four other researchers from the University of Oxford, Curtin University, the University of Technology Queensland and the University of Lyon.
We used mathematical models to simulate the period of time when Earth’s core was still forming and its surface comprised an ocean of bubbling, molten rock. Specifically, we investigated the degree of melting of Earth’s early mantle – and the behaviour of chemical elements during this process.
Our results showed Earth’s earliest crust – known as the protocrust – that formed during the Hadean eon, would have a chemical composition identical to that of the modern average continental crust.
For example, niobium becomes extracted into metal and removed into Earth’s core, whereas the rare earth elements rise to the surface in the magmas that crystallise to form the crust.
The movement of tectonic plates produces volcanic activity at their boundaries. Allen.G/Shutterstock
The chemical fingerprint was always there
This discovery has major implications for how we think about Earth’s earliest history. It means the distinctive chemical fingerprint of the continental crust was always there – and only recycled at island arcs ever since.
It follows that this signature cannot be used to determine when plate tectonics began, explaining why previous studies could not reach any consensus.
Although major meteorite impacts would have led to melting and reprocessing of the earliest crust, such processes would only have recycled the continental chemical fingerprint, not created it.
Some of these early large impacts may have also initiated periodic subduction – the downward and sideways movement – of tectonic plates that eventually fell into the continuous, self-sustaining pattern we observe today. However, our study shows that determining when this transition occurred is more complex than long thought and will require new research methods.
Further modelling of the geodynamics of Earth’s early crust is needed to better understand when it became unstable and started to subduct. So too is a reappraisal of the implications of this for the evolution of the Earth and the ultimate development of life.
This work also gives us a new way to think about how continents and life might form on other rocky planets.
Simon Turner does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
US President Donald Trump’s foreign policy is doing little to enhance his country’s standing abroad. But it is helping to reinforce his political authority at home.
Congress and the courts are typically deferential to the president on foreign policy – and, in particular, issues related to national security. By putting most of his agenda under the banner of foreign policy, Trump is now taking advantage of that deference to minimise challenges to his power.
Trump has claimed for decades that US domestic problems can be solved with a more aggressive foreign policy.
This focus certainly helps him deal with his political problems, allowing him to attack his enemies and evade accountability under the guise of “saving the country”.
Trump has even gone so far as to call April 2 – when sweeping new tariffs are imposed on foreign goods – “Liberation Day”.
We are used to thinking of the US president as having almost unlimited power over US foreign policy. But the Constitution actually gives a lot of that power to Congress.
For example, Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution gives Congress, not the president, the power to declare war. It also gives Congress the power to “collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises”, which include tariffs.
Given these shared responsibilities, the legal scholar Edward Corwin described the Constitution as “an invitation to struggle for the privilege of directing American foreign policy.”
Since at least the Second World War, the president has been decisively winning that struggle. Or more accurately, Congress has been declining invitations to use its power.
For example, American wars no longer begin with declarations. The US has not declared war since 1941, even though the country has been at war almost every yearsince then. Presidents instead initiate and escalate military conflict in other ways, nearly always with Congressional approval. That approval usually remains in place until a war goes badly wrong.
Congress also passed legislation in 1934 giving the president power to negotiate trade agreements and adjust tariffs. That power expanded significantly with an act in 1962 that authorised the president to impose tariffs if imports threaten “national security”.
Although Trump claims tariffs will bring economic prosperity back to the US by reviving manufacturing, his administration justifies them on national security grounds. For example, it is currently using another federal act passed in 1977 that allows tariffs in response to an international emergency as justification for its tariffs on Canada and Mexico.
The courts are supposed to review the constitutionality of government actions. But on foreign policy, the courts have been deferential to the president even longer than Congress.
In a sweeping judgement in 1918, the Supreme Court wrote that foreign relations counted as a “political power” of the executive and legislative branches, not subject to judicial review.
A federal judge recently complained the Trump administration ignored his order blocking deportation flights of alleged Venezuelan gang members to El Salvador.
Trump invoked the 1798 Alien Enemies Act to justify deporting the Venezuelans, even though some have no criminal record.
And Secretary of State Marco Rubio argued the deportations were a “foreign policy matter”, and “we can’t have the judges running foreign policy”.
Mass deportation is one of Trump’s most popular policies. If he is going to pick fights with the judiciary, it makes political sense to do it on an issue where public opinion is on his side – even if the law is not.
Rubio’s comment is also a likely preview of the arguments Trump’s lawyers will make when cases about immigration reach the Supreme Court.
Deportations under both acts are going to face legal challenges. But the Trump administration is betting the Supreme Court will take Trump’s side, given its conservative members generally hold an expansive view of executive power.
A Supreme Court win would be a major political victory for Trump. It would encourage him to focus even more on using deportation as a political weapon, and making foreign policy justifications for legally dubious acts.
War as a political tool
Trump is effectively putting the US on a war footing. He is justifying his executive actions by recasting allies as enemies who menace national security with everything from illegal drugs to unfair subsidies, and by labelling millions of foreign nationals as “invaders”.
Many Americans don’t believe him. But as long as he can make threatening foreigners the main focus of American politics, he can find political and legal support for almost anything he wants to do.
David Smith does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
Source: United States House of Representatives – Congressman Emanuel Cleaver II (5th District Missouri)
(Kansas City, MO) – This weekend, U.S. Representative Emanuel Cleaver, II (D-MO) hosted House Committee on Education and Workforce Ranking Member Bobby Scott (D-VA) in Kansas City to participate in a listening session with local educators and community leaders to discuss President Trump’s attempt to dismantle the Department of Education and to hear firsthand how cuts to public education funding and personnel will impact the communities we serve. With the support of House Republicans, President Donald Trump has announced an executive order that purports to eliminate the Department of Education, which is only possible through an act of Congress.
“This weekend I had the privilege of hosting Ranking Member Bobby Scott in Kansas City to hear from educators throughout Missouri’s Fifth District about the devastating consequences the Trump administration’s effort to dismantle the Department of Education would have on students, teachers, and families,” said Congressman Cleaver. “It is abundantly clear: eroding this critical institution means students and teachers will suffer. Our educators, parents, and children deserve a government that invests in their success – not one that undermines their future. I’m committed to fighting to strengthen and protect every child’s right to a quality education.”
“This weekend, I had the pleasure of traveling to Kansas City and hearing from Rep. Cleaver’s constituents. The Department of Education (ED) was founded in part to guarantee the enforcement of students’ civil rights. And champions of public school segregation objected and campaigned for a return to ‘states’ rights.’ Moreover, during President Trump’s first term in office, he nominated dozens of judges who during their confirmation hearings refused to say whether they thought Brown v. Board was properly decided,” Ranking Member Scott, House Committee on Education and Workforce. “Legality aside, dismantling ED will exacerbate existing disparities, reduce accountability, and put low-income students, students of color, students with disabilities, rural students, and English as a Second Language (ESL) students at risk. I believe this executive order will be used to distract Americans from the fact that Republicans are not working to address the real problems facing students and families: widening academic achievement gaps, school shootings, and the burden of student loans.”
Dismantling the Department of Education would mean a funding cut for every student:
26 million kids across every school district – rural, suburban, and urban – will lose access to critical funding to help them get ahead.
12 million students will lose access to career and technical education, including pathways to well-paying jobs through apprenticeship programs in trades or STEM
10 million students from low-income families could lose access to two-and four-year colleges due to costs
7.5 million students with Individualized Education Plans – accounting for 15 percent of all students nationally – will lose access to special education service funding.
Dismantling the Department of Education means eliminating federal efforts to ensure equal educational opportunities for all, federal support to school districts, states, and institutions of higher education, civil rights enforcement in our schools, and educational research to support best practices for educational attainment at all levels.
A fact sheet from the event can be found here.
Photos from the event can be found here.
Emanuel Cleaver, II is the U.S. Representative for Missouri’s Fifth Congressional District, which includes Kansas City, Independence, Lee’s Summit, Raytown, Grandview, Sugar Creek, Greenwood, Blue Springs, North Kansas City, Gladstone, and Claycomo. He is a member of the exclusive House Financial Services Committee and Ranking Member of the House Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance.
Source: United States Senator for Arkansas Tom Cotton
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Caroline Tabler or Patrick McCann (202) 224-2353 April 2, 2025
Cotton, Colleagues Introduce Stephen Hacala Poppy Seed Safety Act
Washington, D.C. — Senator Tom Cotton (R-Arkansas), along with Senators Richard Blumenthal (D-Connecticut) and John Boozman (R-Arkansas), today introduced the Stephen Hacala Poppy Seed Safety Act. The legislation would prohibit the sale of poppy seeds that contain a harmful level of opiates and require the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to issue regulations that establish a maximum level of contamination.
Congressman Steve Womack (Arkansas-03) is leading companion legislation in the House. Representatives Rick Crawford (Arkansas-01), Rosa DeLauro (Connecticut-03), French Hill (Arkansas-02), and Bruce Westerman (Arkansas-04) are cosponsoring the legislation in the House.
“Stephen Hacala, Jr. died from an opioid overdose because of a dangerous gap in our nation’s drug laws. Despite government warnings, unwashed poppy seeds, which can contain lethal doses of morphine, are still entering our food supply. It’s time for the FDA to act so that no other families experience the pain the Hacala family has endured,” said Senator Cotton.
“This measure would close loopholes that have allowed dangerous and deadly opiates to be sold online. Unwashed poppy seeds available for sale online can contain deadly levels of morphine and have killed tens of Americans. Our bill would ensure stricter FDA regulations and prohibit unwashed poppy seeds from being sold to unwitting consumers,” said Senator Blumenthal.
“The sale of unwashed poppy seeds is a threat to the safety of Arkansans and all Americans. This legislation honors Stephen Hacala Jr.’s memory by protecting other consumers from falling victim to dangerous, toxin-laced poppy seeds sold online and families from experiencing the loss of a loved one from similar circumstances,” said Senator Boozman.
“I am proud to join my Arkansas colleagues in supporting this legislation and I hope it makes the changes necessary to protect individuals in the future from harm,” said Congressman Crawford.
“Because of negligent practices among poppy seed distributors, the Hacala family now grieves the loss of a loved one. Congress must act to ensure that the Food and Drug Administration issues the appropriate regulations to correctly warn the public on the level of opiates that could be consumed through contaminated poppy seeds. I’m proud to support this legislation alongside my fellow Arkansans and House Republicans to prevent other families from enduring the same loss the Hacala family is unfortunately all too familiar with,” said Congressman Westerman.
“The Hacala family of Rogers tragically lost their son, Stephen, because lethal substances find their way into our food supply through contaminated poppy seeds. In Stephen’s memory, my colleagues and I have created a solution to close an FDA loophole and ensure that only safe products are available for consumption. This bill can save lives and prevent another family from experiencing an unimaginable loss like the Hacalas,” said Congressman Womack.
Text of the legislation may be found here.
Background:
While most poppy seeds are harmless, some manufacturers sell seeds laced with morphine at a cost far higher than normal seeds. These seeds can contain more than 20 times the therapeutic dosage of morphine.
On April 3, 2016, Stephen Hacala of Fayetteville, Arkansas, died from morphine intoxication caused by morphine-laced poppy seeds purchased from Amazon. As many as 20 other Americans reportedly have died from overdoses caused by morphine-laced poppy seeds sold directly to consumers.
A research team led by Dr. Madeleine Swortwood, assistant professor of forensic science at Sam Houston State University, studied the morphine content in different bags of poppy seeds. The researchers found that some bags of poppy seeds contained morphine levels many times higher than a fatal dose.
In February 2023, the Department of Defense warned service members to avoid poppy seed products due to contamination and risk of failing drug tests.
