Category: Education

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Applications are now being accepted for the children’s competition “Create a new Muscovite card”

    Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

    Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –

    The capital has begun accepting applications for the children’s drawing competition “Create a New Muscovite Card.” This was reported byDepartment of Information Technology. Participants will have to draw the heroes of famous Russian fairy tales and epics on the streets of Moscow. The author of the best work will go toStroganov Children’s Academy of Design, and his drawing will appear on Muscovite cards.

    Moscow schoolchildren aged seven to 14 years can take part in the competition. Applications are accepted until April 13 on a special page.

    “The last time the design of the Muscovite card changed was in 2018. Today, young city residents can create their own card design with their favorite fairy-tale characters. There is nothing more sincere than children’s drawings. We invite Moscow schoolchildren to show their creative talents and compete for the main prizes of the competition, and all voters to look at their hometown through the eyes of children,” said Ivan Buturlin, General Director of the State Unitary Enterprise “Moscow Social Register”.

    A parent or legal representative can apply for a child to participate in the competition. To do this, you need to log in to the competition page via Mos ID and fill out the form. You can send up to three drawings.

    The selection of competition entries will take place in several stages. First, the expert jury will select 30 drawings for the shortlist in each of two age groups: from seven to 10 years old and from 11 to 14 years old. Then, on the competition page and in the Active Citizen project, Muscovites will select 15 works in each age category that will make it to the final. Young Muscovites will also be able to vote for their favorites in the Active Citizen for Children project.

    The final stage will be voting, which will determine one Grand Prix winner, as well as winners of first, second and third places in each age group. Voting will take place in the Active Citizen project and on the Active Citizen for Children platform.

    The winners of the competition will have the opportunity to attend a tour and master classes inRussian State University of Art and Industry named after S.G. Stroganov, as well as memorable gifts from the art supply store. The winner of the Grand Prix will be able to study at the Stroganov Children’s Academy of Design, and a limited edition Muscovite card will be designed based on his/her competition illustration.

    The announcement of the results and the awarding of the winners will take place on June 1 in the Smart City pavilion at VDNKh. An exhibition of the finalists’ drawings will also open there. All the winners’ works will be published on the competition website and the Active Citizen project services.

    The Muscovite card with a unique design selected based on the results of the competition will be issued during the 2025/2026 academic year. It will be available for registration from August 1 on the mos.ru portal. It will be available to children up to and including 14 years of age who are receiving the card for the first time or are participants in the competition.

    The competition is being held by the Department of Information Technology with the support of the capital Department of Culture and the State Institution “New Management Technologies”.

    Muscovite card — one of the main social projects of the capital. It is issued to residents of Moscow and provides them with personal access to the city infrastructure. It can be obtained students schools and colleges, students, pensioners, people with disabilities, children and parents from large families andother categories of citizens.

    You can find out more about the map at telegram channel project, as well as from the mini-series “Moscow in digital”.

    How to get a Muscovite card

    You can apply for a Muscovite card on the mos.ru portal. This requires a standard or full account. Children over 14 can do this on their own, but for children under 14, a parent or other legal guardian must apply for the service.

    You can check the status of the card production in your personal account on the mos.ru portal in the “Applications and notifications” section, using the service “Checking the manufacturing status of the Muscovite card”, as well as by calling the hotline: 7 495 539⁠-55⁠-55 and in official groups on social networks “VKontakte” And“Classmates”.

    The card will be ready within 30 days from the date of application. Notification about the possibility of receiving it will be sent to your personal account on the mos.ru portal and by e-mail. Preschoolers over seven years old, school and college students can pick up the ready card at the educational institution. Those who are studying in private schools or outside Moscow, as well as other preferential categories of citizens – at the selected center of state services “My Documents”.

    Receipt of a Muscovite card for a student must be confirmed in the personal account on mos.ru within 90 days. In other cases, this is not required.

    The creation, development and operation of the e-government infrastructure, including the provision of mass socially significant services, as well as other services in electronic form, corresponds to the objectives of the national project “Data Economy and Digital Transformation of the State” and the regional project of the city of Moscow “Digital Public Administration”.

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    Please Note; This Information is Raw Content Directly from the Information Source. It is access to What the Source Is Stating and Does Not Reflect

    https: //vv.mos.ru/nevs/ite/151801073/

    MIL OSI Russia News

  • MIL-OSI Russia: The conference “Reconstruction and restoration of architectural heritage” has started at SPbGASU

    Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

    Source: Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering – Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering – Conference Opening

    On March 24, the V National (All-Russian) Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation “Reconstruction and Restoration of Architectural Heritage” (RRAN-2025) started at SPbGASU.

    The partners of the conference are the Government of St. Petersburg, the Committee for State Control, Use and Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments of St. Petersburg, the Non-Commercial Partnership “Russian Association of Restorers (Rosregionrestavratsiya)” with the participation of the companies “Friedlander Paints”, REMMERS LLC and RUNIT LLC.

    Nadezhda Akulova, member of the conference organizing committee, associate professor of the Department of Architectural and Urban Heritage of SPbGASU, reported that these conferences have been held within the walls of our university for more than 10 years. For the last five years, they have been held with international participation and are called “Reconstruction and Restoration of Architectural Heritage”, which corresponds to the official names of the federal state educational standards, according to which specialists in the restoration industry are trained. Professionals from St. Petersburg, Moscow, Baku, Tashkent, Kazan, Vladivostok, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Pskov, Vladimir, Tomsk, Astrakhan, Karelia, Irkutsk, Crimea and many other cities and regions of Russia and abroad have participated and are participating in the conferences.

    “I am glad to see specialists of various restoration specialties, representatives of state protection agencies, restoration architects, restoration process managers, restoration work producers, managers of restoration materials organizations and managers who train personnel at the level of higher and secondary education. Such symbiosis has a beneficial effect on the preservation of our restoration industry,” said Nadezhda Akulova.

    At the plenary session on March 25, Svetlana Golovina, First Vice-Rector of SPbGASU, addressed the participants with a greeting. Svetlana Gennadyevna outlined a wide range of topical issues that will be at the center of discussion for five days: monumental restoration, engineering aspects of restoration, construction restoration materials, preservation of cultural heritage sites, as well as training of specialists – both in basic and additional professional programs, retraining and advanced training programs.

    Andrey Ermakov, Head of the Department of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation for the Northwestern Federal District, shared his point of view that restoration is a branch of culture, and the preservation of cultural heritage sites is a necessary component of self-identity.

    Vladimir Tsoi, Deputy Chairman of the Leningrad Region Government and Chairman of the Committee for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage, made a welcoming video address. Vladimir Olegovich wished the conference participants fruitful work and acquaintance with the monuments of the Leningrad Region and St. Petersburg.

    The welcoming message from Alexey Mikhailov, Chairman of KGIOP, was read by Yulia Bogacheva, Deputy Chairman of the Committee. Alexey Vladimirovich noted the high level of involvement of SPbGASU in current issues of urban development and adaptation of cultural heritage sites and the importance of exchanging practical experience.

    Tatyana Chernyaeva, Chairperson of the Russian Association of Restorers, Acting Director of the State Autonomous Cultural Institution of the Leningrad Region “International Restoration Center”, emphasized the need to involve the scientific community in the development of legislative initiatives. Events such as the conference are necessary to develop a common consolidated opinion and promote it to the state level.

    Sergey Semenov, professor of the Department of Urban Development at SPbGASU, expressed confidence that at least two thousand architect-restorers need to be graduated annually for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, and another thousand for the rest of the North-West. Sergey Vladimirovich also reminded that the professional standard “Architect-restorer” expires in 2028, and it is time to start preparing its new version.

    Ekaterina Voznyak, Dean of the Faculty of Architecture at SPbGASU, invited colleagues from Russian universities and representatives of the professional community to collaborate.

    Rufat Guliyev, a practicing architect and lecturer at the Department of Restoration of Architectural Monuments of the Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, shared his joy that he could not only participate in the conference, but also admire the unique beauty of St. Petersburg.

    Mikhail Mamoshin, chief architect and project manager of OOO Architectural Workshop Mamoshin, called for not differentiating between restoration, reconstruction and new construction. In his opinion, this is a single process, and graduates of architectural specialties need to have restoration skills.

    The conference will last until March 28. The program includes sections, round tables, master classes, and excursions.

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News

  • MIL-Evening Report: ‘The bush calls us’: the defiant women who demanded a place on the walking track

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Ruby Ekkel, PhD student in Australian History, Australian National University

    Fairfax Corporation (1932)

    ➡️ View the full interactive version of this article here.

    Ruby Ekkel does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. ‘The bush calls us’: the defiant women who demanded a place on the walking track – https://theconversation.com/the-bush-calls-us-the-defiant-women-who-demanded-a-place-on-the-walking-track-241126

    MIL OSI AnalysisEveningReport.nz

  • MIL-OSI Australia: Regional Ministerial Budget Statement 2025-26

    Source: Workplace Gender Equality Agency

    On behalf of the Albanese Labor Government, I’m proud to deliver our fourth Regional Ministerial Budget Statement.

    I’d like to acknowledge the traditional custodians of where we are today, and pay my respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.

    Mr Speaker, across our first term in Government, our message to regional Australians has been loud and clear – your postcode shouldn’t be a barrier.

    Just because you grow up in Bega on the NSW Far South Coast, or in Gladstone in Central Queensland, and just because you live at Mount Gambier in regional South Australia, or in the Pilbara Region in outback WA – doesn’t mean that the services, and the opportunities available to you should be second best.

    I say this as a proud regional Member of this place, and on behalf of my fantastic regional colleagues here with me today. 

    I say this as someone that’s always lived in our regions – from Traralgon in regional Victoria, to Merimbula on the NSW Far South Coast – where I watched my parents work hard every day to build a small business, and to provide our family with a better life.

    A regional community where I myself now run a small business with my husband, and where we’re raising our kids.

    And I say this as someone that’s had the privilege of spending a lot of time talking to regional people across Australia – both as the Member for the Mighty Eden-Monaro, and as Minister for Regional Development, Local Government and Territories.

    From the Hunter region in NSW, Caboolture in regional Queensland, Devonport in Tasmania – to communities across the 42,000 square kilometres in my electorate.

    Regional Australia is a great place to live, work, study, visit and invest – and I wouldn’t live anywhere else.

    Our regions generate a third of the nation’s economic output, and there’s so many opportunities that our Government wants to take advantage of.

    But you’d be living under a rock if you said life outside of our big cities doesn’t come without its unique challenges – it absolutely does. 

    Unlike those opposite though, on this side of the House we’re not shying away from that.

    I’m proud to be part of a Government that across its first term, has delivered record investments to improve the reliability and the accessibility of critical services that regional people rely on.

    To support more regional people to work and train closer to home – because you shouldn’t have to pack your bags to build your career. 

    To build more things in our own backyard, investing in the hard-work and know-how of regional people.

    To give regional Australians more support to buy or rent a home.

    To support local businesses and local economies to grow – with small businesses in particular the backbone of our regions.

    To ensure the local roads we drive every day to drop the kids off at school and to get to work, are safe, and keep pace with growing communities.

    To improve our major highways linking our cities to our regions, so more visitors support our local businesses, and experience everything we have to offer.

    To keep our regions connected and better prepared for natural disasters – something many regional communities, including across Eden-Monaro, have needed to rebuild from.

    And most importantly, to relieve immediate pressures on regional families and businesses.

    Which let’s not forget, those opposite talk a big game on – despite opposing every single cost of living measure to date, and committing to tearing apart every measure that’ll support regional Australians into the future.

    Because while we’re delivering record investments to Build Regional Australia’s Future, the wreckers opposite are determined to leave regional communities which aren’t the right colour on their spreadsheets behind.

    The Albanese Government is delivering better outcomes for every regional community – because we’re addressing the challenges, harnessing the opportunities, and taking the needs of our regions seriously. 

    Through our Regional Investment Framework, we’re ensuring targeted investments support regional people, the places they live, the services they need, and the industries that stimulate local economies.

    With investments through the 2025-26 Budget building on everything we’ve delivered across our first term. 

    Our number one priority has been easing pressures faced by regional families and businesses today, while supporting more work, training and economic opportunities outside of our big cites. 

    We’ve delivered tax cuts for every regional taxpayer – a huge impact for taxpayers in my own electorate of Eden-Monaro, putting an average of $1,633 back into their pockets, with another two tax cuts on the way – something those opposite just voted against.

    We’ve delivered $300 in Energy Bill Relief to millions of households and $325 to small businesses, along with cheaper childcare and cheaper medicines.

    We’ve cut $3 billion in student debt, with a further 20 per cent to be cut if we’re re-elected.

    And we’ve supported over 127,000 free TAFE places in our regions – from construction courses to childcare.

    We’re getting more people into industries screaming out for workers, after those opposite gutted the vocational education system during their failed decade.

    We’ve introduced legislation to make free TAFE permanent – something those opposite have said they’ll repeal, because as the Deputy Leader of the Opposition said in this very chamber – “if you don’t pay for it, you don’t value it.”

    But I want my kids and every regional person to know – your postcode and your bank balance shouldn’t limit your potential.

    Through this Budget we’ll provide additional cost-of-living relief, along with increased investments to remove study barriers.

    $1.8 billion to provide all households, and around one million small businesses, with an additional $150 in Energy Bill Relief.

    $800 million to expand our Help to Buy scheme to support more people get into their own home – including in our regions.

    This builds on the 32,000 regional Australians we’ve already helped into home ownership, through the Regional Home Guarantee.

    $626.9 million to support $10,000 incentive payments for construction sector apprentices – with $7.0 million to increase the Living Away from Home Allowance for apprentices.

    As an operator of a small plumbing business that hires apprentices, and having recently spent time with bricklaying apprentices at Queanbeyan – I know that every cent counts when you’re starting out, especially when you’re living away from home.

    That’s why we’re boosting apprentice wages and easing cost-of-living pressures – because we value their hard work, and we know that building this workforce is essential to delivering more regional homes.

    My mum, dad, brother, sister and husband all went to TAFE, which is why I’m incredibly proud to be part of a Government that’s strengthening the sector – and ensuring more regional people can build a better future. 

    Through this Budget, we’re delivering $407.5 million to states and territories, as part of the Better and Fairer Schools Agreement.

    Record funding to give our teachers, including in our regional schools, more support – to lift education standards, and to better support students from kindergarten through to year 12. 

    And if you want to go onto further study, existing investments like the 56 Regional University Study Hubs we’re delivering – from Port Augusta in South Australia, to Goulburn in my own electorate – will mean you don’t have to leave the region you love.

    A further $33.6 million will also flow to the Clontarf Foundation to support up to 12,500 First Nations boys and young men access better education support.

    We’re delivering record investments to continue improving the affordability and accessibility of regional healthcare – because when you need to see the doctor, and when you need to buy your script, your street address and wallet shouldn’t stop you. 

    We’ve already delivered $3.5 billion to triple the bulk billing incentive, supporting over 2.4 million additional claims across regional Australia.

    Through this Budget, we’re investing an additional $7.9 billion to deliver more bulk billing to all Australians, including in our regions.

    Having delivered the largest cut to the cost of medicines in the history of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, we’re now making cheaper medicines even cheaper.

    $689 million to bring a PBS script down to $25, keeping more money in the hip pockets of regional Australians – with our pensioners and concession cardholders to continue paying $7.70 for PBS medicines until 2030.

    $792.9 million to deliver more choice, lower costs and better health care for women – including the first PBS listing for new oral contraceptive pills in more than 30 years.

    Along with more bulk billing for long-term contraceptives, more endometriosis and pelvic pain clinics to treat more conditions, and more Medicare support for women experiencing menopause. 

    Regional health and aged care were left in crisis under those opposite – a mess the Albanese Government has been cleaning up from day one.

    We’ve delivered $17.7 billion to fund increases to the minimum award wage for aged care workers – to not only support and retain these critical workers – but to ensure that our loved ones get the care they need, as they get older.

    We’re delivering an additional $1.8 billion to strengthen our public hospitals and to reduce waiting times across Australia, bringing our hospital funding to a record $33.9 billion in 2025-26.

    We’ve also increased the number of regional GP training places, along with waiving HECS for doctors and nurses that work in our regions – getting more skilled workers where we need them most.

    Through this Budget, we’re investing $662.6 million to grow our health workforce.

    There will be hundreds more GP and rural generalist training places to grow the pipeline of future GPs – with fairer salary incentives for junior doctors who choose general practice as their specialty.

    100 more Commonwealth Supported Places for medical students a year from 2026, increasing to 150 more a year by 2028 – with a focus on encouraging students to pursue general practice in our regions.

    And hundreds of scholarships for nurses and midwives, to help meet our current and future demands.

    A re-elected Albanese Government will deliver another 50 Medicare Urgent Care Clinics across Australia, from Burnie in Tasmania, to Bega in my own electorate – with our $644.3 million investment.

    This builds on the 87 Medicare Urgent Care Clinics we’ve already delivered, which are making a huge difference.

    With 48 of these 137 clinics to be in our regions– from Broome in Western Australia, Townsville in Queensland, to Tamworth in New South Wales.

    The Urgent Care Clinic we delivered in Queanbeyan has already supported over 7,000 fully bulk billed presentations.

    Rusty, a local constituent of mine told me about the huge difference it made for him, when he had an infection.

    He walked right into the clinic and received the help he needed, for free – a service that’s also supported his children and grandchildren.

    As Rusty said, this type of clinic is critical to taking pressure off our hospitals – as we continue to rebuild the health sector.

    But regional services like this will cease to exist under those opposite, because you only have to look at the billions cut from Medicare by the Leader of the Opposition when he was Health Minister, to know their only plan for Medicare is cuts.

    No government has done more for regional services than the Albanese Government – but healthcare wasn’t the only service completely abandoned during the wasted decade by those opposite.

    We’re already investing $2.2 billion to strengthen regional communications, particularly in disaster-prone areas – after programs like the Mobile Black Spot Program were pork-barrelled by those opposite.

    Through our record investments in the NBN, we’ve fixed half of some streets being stuck on the unreliable copper network they rolled out, including just 15 minutes down the road at Jerrabomberra.

    Because it actually takes a little bit more than a string and a can to run a small business, and to work and study from home.

    In this Budget, we’re providing an additional $3.0 billion in equity funding to NBN Co to complete upgrades for all remaining Fibre to the Node premises, including connecting an additional 334,000 regional premises to high speed internet.

    A service that we can’t forget, would be sold off to the highest bidder under those opposite.

    We’re also introducing a Universal Outdoor Mobile Obligation – requiring telcos to provide access to mobile voice and SMS almost everywhere across Australia – which will have huge benefits for regional and remote communities, particularly during emergencies and disasters. 

    Natural disasters are something my own electorate of Eden-Monaro has felt deeply, which is why I’m proud the National Emergency Management Agency that we launched continues to support regional communities – most recently in Queensland and NSW during Ex-Tropical Cyclone Alfred.

    That’s on top of our $1 billion Disaster Ready Fund continuing to support regional communities to be better prepared.

    And our additional $35 million investment to boost our national aerial fleet – giving regional communities more emergency support when they need it most.

    But it’s not just during disasters when our regions need reliable aviation.

    Despite the Leader of the Nationals in the Senate telling Sky News just last week that the Opposition had been fighting for a more competitive aviation sector – the reality is they’ve sat idle at the departure gate. 

    Those opposite did nothing with the Sydney Airports Slot Review handed to them in 2021 – something we’ve responded to with our Aviation White Paper.

    And they’ve said that keeping Rex Airlines’ regional routes operating during the voluntary administration process is sabotaging the sale process.

    I’m proud the Albanese Government has kept Rex’s regional flights in the air, with an $80 million loan facility to Rex Administrators, and additional support to reduce the debt Rex owes.

    Because for regional communities like mine, these flights are critical to our local economy, accessing important health services, and for getting around.

    The reality of living in our regions is we need to travel longer for some services, which is why we’ll continue standing up for a strong regional aviation sector.

    But travelling by car is generally how we get around, which is why we’ve already increased local road funding for every council.

    Roads to Recovery funding is going up from $500 million to $1 billion per year, road Black Spot funding increasing to $150 million per year, we’ve launched our $200 million per year Safer Local Roads and Infrastructure Program – and we’ve continued investing in major transport projects.

    Because every local community should have confidence in the roads they’re driving on.

    In his Budget reply last year, the Leader of the Nationals said those opposite would deliver the strong infrastructure funding pipeline that our regional communities need. 

    But let’s not forget, they were responsible for an infrastructure pipeline that below out from 150 projects to 800 projects, without a single dollar extra being added to the Budget, and without the delivery. 

    Regional communities deserve better than promises in press release with no follow through, which is why we continue to deliver critical projects to Build Regional Australia’s Future.

    Funding through this Budget includes $7.2 billion for Bruce Highway safety upgrades in Queensland, $200 million towards duplicating the Stuart Highway from Darwin to Katherine.

    $40 million for the Main South Road Upgrade in South Australia, and $1.1 billion towards upgrades along the Western Freeway in Victoria.

    After colour-coded spreadsheets from those opposite, we’ve delivered on our commitment to establish transparent grant programs that every postcode can apply for.

    Our $600 million Growing Regions Program is already supporting 112 projects, with 29 projects supported under our $400 million Regional Precincts and Partnerships Program so far. 

    I had the pleasure of visiting Wagga’s Lake Albert – one of this region’s most popular recreational sites, which will be completely transformed thanks to $4.4 million in Growing Regions Funding.

    Projects like this are making our regions better places to live, to work and to invest – but having more housing to attract and retain workers is something every community tells me they need.

    We’ve already committed $32 billion in housing measures, including over 13,000 homes nationally under the first round of our Housing Australia Future Fund – many of these in our regions.

    That’s more than those opposite delivered in an entire decade – when they had no plan for building, and their only idea for turning more keys was letting people raid their super for a deposit. 

    To their credit, they’ve now said they’ll fund enabling infrastructure – labelling this a fantastic idea.

    So fantastic, we’re already doing it – through our $1.5 billion Housing Support Program.

    Including $27.2 million to support upgrading Marulan’s sewage treatment in the Mighty Eden-Monaro – laying the foundations for more housing.

    Through this Budget, we’re delivering $54 million to turbocharge advanced manufacturing of prefabricated and modular homes, getting more homes into our regions where we need them most – lifting our total housing commitments to $33 billion. 

    More housing is a key part of how we’re Building Regional Australia’s Future, as is supporting our regional businesses and regional economies to grow.

    Under those opposite, car manufacturers left our shores, leaving our regional people behind. 

    But Labor has always had the back of regional manufacturing, and we’ve shown that again with our new investment of $2.4 billion with the South Australian Government to save the Whyalla Steelworks.

    Supporting 1,100 direct workers, and encouraging more investment into Australian made steel. 

    This builds on our existing $22.7 billion Future Made in Australia agenda, ensuring we build more in our own backyard – which includes over $500 million to boost Australia’s battery manufacturing capabilities, and $1 billion to supercharge the production of solar panels in our regions.

    Our investments are putting regional communities at the centre of industries of the future – unlocking more secure and well-paid regional jobs, and ensuring that we train and retrain regional workforces.

    This includes $38.2 million to boost the diversity of our STEM workforce, with a focus on supporting more women secure jobs in these critical industries.

    Through this Budget, we’re delivering further investments to Build Regional Australia’s Future – by leveraging the competitive advantages that come with our vast energy resources, world-leading agricultural sector, and regional innovation.

    $250.0 million to accelerate the pace of Australia’s growing domestic Low Carbon Liquid Fuels industry – helping to drive economic growth and jobs in regional areas.

    $1.0 billion under our Green Iron Investment Fund to boost green iron manufacturing in our regions.

    This builds on our existing commitment of $2.0 billion to support aluminium smelters transition to renewables – in places like Portland in Victoria, Tomago in NSW, and in Queensland’s Gladstone region.

    From our factories to our fields, we’re backing our regions – with $11.0 million to tackle established pests and weeds in our agriculture and forestry sectors – keeping them productive

    An additional $20 million for a new round of the On Farm Connectivity Program so farmers can use the latest technology to make their work more efficient.  

    And $20.0 million to encourage more Australians to buy Australian-made products, which will have huge benefits for regional economies – because so much of what we love and rely on comes from our regions.

    In his Budget reply last year, the Leader of the Nationals said the Opposition will take decisive action to give regional Australians a fair go.

    But all we’ve seen since then is those opposite continue to vote against every single cost of living measure, while petrifying regional communities with their Nuclear thought bubble.

    An idea that was announced with zero consultation, and most importantly – one that will deliver zero savings for regional Australians and their power bills. 

    Since my last Regional Budget Statement, the Albanese Government has continued to relieve pressures on regional families and businesses, while improving access to the services and support regional people rely on – regardless of their postcode.

    Through our 2025-26 Budget we’re delivering more energy bill relief, making cheaper medicines even cheaper, and providing extra support to get more regional Australians into their own home.

    We’re strengthening Medicare and expanding regional health services, delivering further investments to boost regional connectivity, and investing in more support to help build workforces in our in-demand sectors.

    That’s because only the Albanese Government is serious about Building Regional Australia’s Future.

    MIL OSI News

  • MIL-OSI China: From music to mastery, Myanmar students learn Chinese through song

    Source: China State Council Information Office 3

    Ko Si Thu, a 27-year-old engineer from Kyaukphyu in Rakhine state, Myanmar, is on a journey to master the Chinese language.

    With numerous Chinese projects in his hometown, he realized the importance of learning a foreign language to access better opportunities.

    His approach is to join a Chinese singing class at the China Cultural Center in Yangon. He said he began learning Chinese about four months ago.

    “I want to learn Chinese effectively, so I joined the singing class,” he said while waiting for his lesson on Tuesday.

    Although he doesn’t consider himself a singer, he believes music will help improve his pronunciation and tone. “I’ve been learning tones and vocal training in the class,” he said, adding that he enjoys the songs of Teresa Teng.

    Before joining the singing class, he had already taken a Chinese language course at the center. “There are many Chinese-invested projects in Kyaukphyu, so I think mastering a foreign language is essential. Once I become fluent, I want to work in my hometown,” he said.

    Beyond language, Ko Si Thu has also developed a deeper appreciation for Chinese culture. “I feel connected to Chinese traditions. I’m interested in tea-making, calligraphy, and martial arts like Tai Chi,” he said.

    Like Ko Si Thu, Ma Pwint Hayman Tun, a 27-year-old teacher, also joined the vocal class. “I enjoy dancing and singing, so I joined. I’ve been learning Chinese for three and a half years,” she said.

    Coming from a Myanmar-born Chinese family, she has always felt a deep connection to the language and culture. “I also attended Chinese language and cooking courses at the center,” she said.

    “This is my first time learning to sing. Some songs are hard to understand, but I can feel their emotions. I prefer classic songs over modern ones,” she said, adding that she enjoys music by Chinese artists Xiao Zhan and Wang Yibo.

    “Chinese is becoming more popular nowadays,” she said. Beyond music, she is also fascinated by Chinese paintings and cuisine, especially Sichuan hotpot and steamed buns (baozi).

    For Ma Su Lae Yadanar, a 24-year-old Chinese bookseller, inspiration came from her elder sister. “I used to accompany my sister to Chinese singing events, which made me want to sing Chinese songs too,” she said.

    Though she attended short-term Chinese classes at temples as a child, she resumed her studies a year and a half ago. “This is my first time in a Chinese singing class. I prefer modern songs over old ones,” she said.

    For her, the class is an opportunity to improve both her language and singing skills.

    The three-month course at the China Cultural Center in Yangon is led by Ko Phyo, a 31-year-old vocal trainer.

    Ko Phyo believes music plays a crucial role in cultural exchange. “My goal is for my students to be able to sing Chinese songs by the end of the course,” he said.

    With over ten years of experience in singing, he emphasized music’s universal nature. “Even if people speak different languages, they can share the same emotions through music. Songs are a way to understand and learn about a culture,” he explained.

    Xiang Jianbo, the center’s director, introduced the singing course to attract young people to Chinese language learning. “Young people in Myanmar are increasingly interested in Chinese songs, so we organized this course to introduce modern Chinese music,” he said.

    He also highlighted the center’s broader mission. “Our goal is to spread Chinese arts and culture. Since music is a powerful medium for cultural exchange, this is our first singing course, and we will offer more if interest continues to grow.”

    The singing course is part of a summer program celebrating the 75th anniversary of China-Myanmar diplomatic relations. “By introducing Chinese culture, from traditional to modern times, we aim to enhance mutual understanding between our people,” Xiang said.

    Given the presence of many Chinese companies in Myanmar, the center also plans to launch a Myanmar singing course for overseas Chinese to further strengthen cultural ties, he said.

    The singing course consists of 19 sessions, each lasting 1.5 hours and held twice a week. It was opened last week and will run until May 29, according to the center.

    MIL OSI China News

  • MIL-OSI China: High-level dialogue held during Boao Forum for Asia

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    MIL OSI China News

  • MIL-OSI Australia: Press conference – Rockhampton, Queensland

    Source: Murray Darling Basin Authority

    JASON CLARE, MINISTER FOR EDUCATION: Thanks very much for coming along. It’s great to be back in Rocky, and it’s particularly fantastic to be here with my friend JP. We were together only a couple of days ago in Canberra.

    On Monday we made a really big announcement worth $2.8 billion of extra Commonwealth funding for public schools right across Queensland, an agreement that was struck by the Prime Minister and the Queensland Premier as well as the two of us, working together in the interests of kids right across Queensland. And that investment over the next decade is going to make sure that all public schools right across Queensland are fully funded. 

    It’s the last piece in the puzzle to make sure that all public schools right across the nation are fully funded. And it’s going to change lives. It’s a classic example of two Governments working together. And that’s what today is all about as well. We got a great opportunity just a minute ago to meet the doctors of the future – young people that are studying medicine right now that are going to be doctors in Rocky in the years ahead.

    And what we’re announcing today is that the Australian Government will provide $80 million to help build the health sciences school that Rockhampton needs. It’s a health sciences academy for Year 10 to 12. The Premier made this commitment in the election campaign. I’m glad that the Commonwealth Government can contribute to help make this a reality. It’s a great example of two Governments working together – Commonwealth Government chipping in, State Government chipping in – to help make sure that young people in regional Australia get the skills they need to produce the doctors and the nurses and the ambos and the health science professionals that we need now and that we’re going to need in the years ahead. 

    And as we all know, if you study local, you’re more likely to stay local. If you become a doctor in Rocky – if you study medicine in Rocky, you’re more likely to become a doctor who works in Rocky. And that’s why this is so important. Young people while they’re still at high school, getting the skills they need to go and study a university degree in health sciences, and help make sure that we’ve got more doctors and nurses and ambos here in Rocky and across regional Queensland.

    I’ll hand over to you, mate.

    JOHN-PAUL LANGBROEK, QUEENSLAND MINISTER FOR EDUCATION: Thanks, Jason. Well, thanks, everyone, for being here today. And I want to thank Jason Clare, our Federal Minister, as well for the partnership that we’ve had over the last couple of months working on that public school funding scheme that we were able to finalise on Monday. But importantly today is another piece of the puzzle about the election commitment that we made about the new health sciences academy that we want to bring to central Queensland and Rockhampton specifically. 

    So, we really want to thank the Federal Government for the $80 million commitment. It’s an $80 million commitment by the Federal Government that’s going to be a big help in us delivering our election commitment. So, it’s great to be here with the vice-chancellor and two of our local MPs as well.

    But as Jason Clare has just mentioned, seeing the students in action and hearing their stories – many of them here from the local community – and it’s a very, very important partnership between the Federal Government, the State Government, our local health services and schools and, of course, the university.

    So, we’re very appreciative, and we know it’s going to lead to better outcomes. I was here just a month ago, here at the university and also at local high schools. And we know there are over 30 different jobs in health that young people can aspire to. And as Jason Clare has mentioned, if they study here, they’re more likely to stay here.

    We don’t expect everyone to stay here forever necessarily. We want them to travel and go see other places but come back to where your roots are and build a growing state that’s got increasing needs into the future. So, we’ll be working with Health Minister Tim Nicholls as well about delivering that increased workforce that we know we’re going to need over the next few years.

    I’ll hand over to Nick Klomp now, the Vice-Chancellor. Thanks for having us here, Nick.

    NICK KLOMP: Thanks. Thank you, I’m Nick Klomp, Vice-Chancellor and President of CQ University. CQ University is delighted about this cross-government announcement today of locating the Queensland Academy of Health Sciences here in Rockhampton. And, you know, almost on behalf of the community I want to congratulate Jason and JP and our local members here, Donna and Glen, for recognising the importance of workforce in the regions. It’s one of the things that is top of mind for everyone that lives here. It’s top of mind for businesses and communities, and no discipline is more important perhaps than the health disciplines.

    CQ University, we provide graduates, we train graduates in a whole range of health disciplines, from the regional medical pathway, nurses, doctors, psychologists, oral health, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, paramedics, and I could keep on going. We can’t produce enough graduates. That’s how important it is in the region. And this announcement of the Queensland Academy of Health Sciences helps build aspiration for people that are thinking they would like to get a head start in their studies, they’d like a career in health sciences. And CQ University just stands ready to work in partnership with the schools, with the state on what can we do to use this academy to really prioritise the potential of health careers in the region.

    It’s really exciting. We need all the graduates in health science we can get, and, of course, CQ University recognises our obligation to help produce those graduates. So, a great day for health sciences. 

    DONNA KIRKLAND: Thank you. So, what we see today is the coming together of a number of stakeholders, different levels of Government, and that in itself speaks to the need for regional health services in our area. So very excited about this announcement today. And I want to continue to just reiterate that 70 per cent of the people who study in the regions stay in the regions. And that’s what we are wanting out of this. We’ve just been next door speaking to some of our doctors to be – four of those from Rockhampton, another from Gladstone – all with aspirations to continue to stay here in the regions to be of service to our community. 

    And so it will be that Grades 10, 11 and 12 right across Central Queensland will be able to access the Health Services Academy. This is a great outcome, and as the Member for Rockhampton and certainly Assistant Minister for Central Queensland I welcome this funding here today.

    GLEN KELLY: Glen Kelly, Member for Mirani. Well today what an announcement. I’m a great believer in education and keeping people in the bush from where they grow up. And just visiting in next door here and seeing the students of the future, our doctors of the future who have to study for seven years – seven years to become a doctor – that’s dedication for you. That really shows that these young people – teenagers coming into adults – are so focused on helping people with health issues and other things that might appear in their life.

    Today it’s a great honour to have Jason Clare, our Federal Education Minister. And obviously we’ve got Nick here, which we’ve seen so many times of late, and we have JP and obviously Donna Kirkland. It’s a great honour this for regional Queensland because if just keeps us focused on how important we are. And the doctors of the next generation, they’re just next door here, and with this announcement of $80 million to support these ones just next door and the coming on is so important to us. Thank you.

    JOURNALIST: So just on the funding, will that carry through regardless of the outcome of the federal election? 

    CLARE: Certainly, if the Albanese Government is returned that money will be delivered, and we’ll work with JP and the team to make sure that this school is built over the course of the first term, I think it is, of your Government. I can’t speak for if we’re not returned.

    JOURNALIST: And so, the $80 million, was that just Federal funding?

    CLARE: That’s a Federal contribution. The State Government will make an important contribution as well. We’re going to work really closely with Nick and the team at the University. There’s the potential for co-location here at the University. We’ve just got to go through the details of that to see what might be possible. If that’s possible, that’s great because young people going to school on university grounds get a chance to see what life is like once you go to university before you even get there.

    The other thing that makes this special is that there’s the potential to earn credits while you’re doing your studies at high school for the degree or for the diploma that you do once you leave high school and start a health science course, whether it’s a TAFE course or whether it’s a university degree.

    JOURNALIST: And why did the Government see this as a priority, and was there a lot of legwork bring this to fruition? 

    CLARE: Well, JP’s a former dentist – he’s good at pulling teeth! This is honestly a classic example of great teamwork. To get things done in this country it requires Australian Governments to work together – Commonwealth Governments and State Governments. Forget political parties; it’s about the people, it’s about what does a community need. This community needs more doctors, it needs more nurses, it needs more ambos, it needs more health professionals. And if we work together, we can get this done.

    JOURNALIST: And will this benefit students as well as the teachers and, if so, how so?

    CLARE: Will it benefit the students? 

    JOURNALIST: Will it benefit the community as well sorry?

    CLARE: I think it benefits the community. The ultimate goal here is that Rockhampton has more health professionals so that people who live in Rocky and call it home – my grandmother was born and raised in Rocky – have the health services they need and the health services that they deserve.

    Do you want to jump in?

    LANGBROEK: Well, look, I think there’s no doubt that it’s going to benefit teachers as well. It comes up with the university. When it comes to university and rankings, the more that you can have offerings at a university with local students it’s going to benefit lecturers, tutors and enhance the reputation of one of our finest universities. We’ve got nine in Queensland out of 40 nationally, and we want our universities to be seen as amongst the best in the country. And this is only going to help CQU as well as the students who are going to be here to benefit, as well as the local community. 

    ENDS

    MIL OSI News

  • MIL-OSI Russia: April Astronomical Events in Review: Moon and Pleiades Star Cluster Approach, Micromoon, and Lyrid Meteor Shower

    Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

    Source: Novosibirsk State University – Novosibirsk State University –

    Alfiya Nesterenko, head of the Vega observatory at NSU, spoke about objects that can be observed near the Moon in April 2025:

    Since the position of the Moon in the sky is known, finding objects near which the Moon passes in the sky becomes a simple task for anyone who takes the time to look at the evening sky.

    On April 1, Uranus will be near the crescent Moon, the distance at the moment of maximum approach: 4°40′. But only those in the central regions of the country will be able to see such an approach. In Novosibirsk, it will be morning. The time of approach: 02:47 GMT, and the time zone of Novosibirsk is GMT 7 hours.

    Uranus is a small and distant planet in the Solar System, with a magnitude of 5.8. Uranus can be observed with binoculars or a telescope in the constellation Aries.

    Around 4am on April 1st, there will be a very beautiful star cluster called the Pleiades near the Moon. If you look at the Pleiades through binoculars, you can see the outline of a small ladle with a short handle. The light from the crescent Moon will be small, so you can choose the shutter speed for photography so that both the Pleiades and the crescent Moon are distinguishable.

    This is the star cluster M52, one of a large number of open clusters in the sky, but quite bright and compact. Many star clusters are interesting because new stars are born in their depths. And this haze-veil that covers the stars of the Pleiades is the “material” from which stars are born.

    The photo of the Pleiades cluster, taken in 2023 by Mikhail Maslov, an engineer at our observatory, was taken using a lens with a focal length of 77 mm, which gave an increase of about 2.3 times. This is a summary image of the object, assembled from 54 shots, with an exposure of 15 seconds.

    The time of the closest approach of the Moon and the Pleiades constellation is 20:28 GMT, the minimum separation is 0°36′, the Pleiades (magnitude 1.2) are visible without binoculars with good vision, and with binoculars the cluster is distinguishable for any observer. The Pleiades are located in the constellation Taurus, not far from them you can easily find Alpha Tauri, the brightest star of the constellation, which is called Aldebaran, which in Arabic means “follower”: the star in the night sky makes its way after the Pleiades.

    On April 5, the Moon will be close to Mars, time of closest approach: 19:04-19:49 GMT, minimum separation – 2°12′.

    The brightness of Mars will be 0.5 magnitude, it will be visible in the sky with the naked eye in the constellation Gemini, next to two stars on the same line – Castor and Pollux.

    During the few days before and after April 10, there will be a conjunction of Mercury (1.0 star) and Saturn (1.2 star), which will approach to a minimum distance at 12:00 GMT (in Novosibirsk it will be 7 am), the distance at the moment of approach: 2°06′. Saturn will be in the constellation Aquarius, and Mercury – in the constellation Pisces. At the latitude of Novosibirsk, this conjunction will not be visible.

    On April 13, there will be a full moon, during which the moon will be at its smallest disk size, so this full moon will be a “micro moon.” The moon will appear 5.1% smaller and 11% dimmer than during a normal full moon. This is because the moon will be at the farthest point in its orbit, called apogee.

    Also in April, it will be possible to observe the Lyrid meteor shower, which reaches its maximum annually on April 22-23. Mikhail Maslov, an engineer at the Vega observatory of NSU, spoke about this in more detail:

    The Lyrid meteor shower is associated with comet C/1861 G1 (Thatcher), which orbits the Sun every 422 years. The comet’s orbit is close enough to Earth’s orbit that the material it ejects produces meteor activity each year, with a maximum of about 15-20 meteors per hour.

    The average annual zenith hourly number of Lyrid meteors at maximum, according to the International Meteor Organization IMO, is 18 meteors. At the same time, the solar longitude of the moment of maximum varies slightly from year to year, and for 2025 it falls on the period from 10:30 to 18:00 UT on April 22 (for Novosibirsk time this is from 17:30 on April 22 to 1:00 on April 23).

    The Lyrid shower is known for its bursts of activity in some years. The most recent such burst occurred in 1982, when hourly activity briefly reached 90 meteors. Also in the 20th century, bursts of activity up to about 100 meteors per hour were noted in 1922 and 1945. The results of calculations by Finnish researcher Esko Lyytinen show that these bursts are associated with the Earth passing through fresh cometary material ejected by the comet one revolution back (with a trail of one revolution). The same calculations indicate that the next bursts of the shower’s activity are likely in 2039 and 2040.

    Thus, no unusual manifestations of Lyrid activity are predicted for 2025 and typical activity for this stream is expected.

    The coordinates of the Lyrid radiant are α = 271°, δ = 34°, it is located in the sky between the constellations Lyra and Hercules, somewhat closer to the constellation Lyra, after which the stream got its name Lyrids. The radiant of the stream rises highest in the sky during the dark time of day towards morning, although at the end of April at the latitude of Novosibirsk the nights are already quite short, therefore even in the evening it is already quite high in the sky, at an altitude of approximately 25-30°, therefore the Lyrids can be observed as soon as it becomes dark enough, starting at approximately 11 pm and then throughout the night.

    The speed of entry of Lyrid meteors into the Earth’s atmosphere is 49 km/s, i.e. meteors of this stream can be classified as medium-speed. The Moon will be in the waning phase and will rise only at about 5 am, so it will create practically no interference for observations. At the same time, to ensure better conditions for observations, it is necessary to move away from large settlements and other sources of light pollution by a distance of 50-100 km; under a dark country sky, the number of meteors observed will be several times greater.

    Although the Lyrids are not the most active meteor shower, their active time is in the spring, when there are practically no other significant meteor showers, so for meteor watchers they are a good target and a rare opportunity to see quite a large number of meteors in the first half of the year.

    Photo of the Pleiades cluster, taken in 2023 by Mikhail Maslov, an engineer at the Vega Observatory of NSU.

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News

  • MIL-OSI New Zealand: Government Cuts – Tertiary Education Commission faces another round of damaging cuts

    Source: PSA

    EMBARGOED UNTIL 4.30PM WEDS 26 MARCH 2025
    More jobs are proposed to go from the Tertiary Education Commission as the Government forces it to take the axe to its budget again.
    TEC staff were told today of the latest restructure which proposes a net loss of 22 roles, following the Government demand for a 5% spending cut to its operating funding. This equates to its baseline being shaved by another $12 million over the next four years. This comes on top of cuts made last year where 28 roles axed after TEC was forced to slash spending by 6%, and absorbing cost  pressures, a $25 million cut over four years.
    “The Government talks a big game about economic growth, but at the heart of thriving economies around the world is a well-funded, well managed tertiary education system and this is just the opposite,” said Fleur Fitzsimons, National Secretary for the Public Service Association Te Pūkenga Here Tikanga Mahi.
    If these latest cuts are confirmed in May as proposed, TEC will have lost nearly 14% of its workforce in little over a year.
    “This is a critical organisation already cut to the bone having slashed other costs like research, travel, contractors, property and IT.
    “Ordering more cuts when the Government knows costs can only be saved by reducing the TEC workforce shows how little the Government cares about those who help our tertiary education sector function effectively.
    “This is an agency overseen by multiple Ministers who are demanding it do more with less. We worry this will lead to increased workloads and burnout for an already stretched workforce.
    “This is just more evidence of the Government ordering cuts without thinking of the long-term consequences. We have seen this repeated throughout the public service.
    “All this speaks to a government which is desperately trying to balance its books and find savings down the back of every sofa, not matter how small, to fund its irresponsible tax cuts.”

    MIL OSI New Zealand News

  • MIL-OSI USA: 2025 NIST Workshop on Rapid Microbial Testing Methods

    Source: US Government research organizations

    Workshop Overview

    The NIST-led Rapid Microbial Testing Methods (RMTM) Consortium launched in 2020 to develop standards and measurement-based solutions to advance the use of RMTMs in advanced therapy products.  NIST is hosting its 5th annual workshop on RMTMs on Tuesday, April 8, 2025.  The goal of this half-day virtual event is to discuss recent technological advances in the field of rapid sterility testing for advanced therapy products and to provide an update on the NIST RMTM Consortium activities.  Consortium updates will include overviews of current and planned interlaboratory studies.  This workshop is free and open to all interested parties.  New members are still being accepted into the NIST RMTM Consortium. 

    Questions?  Email rmtm [at] nist.gov (rmtm[at]nist[dot]gov)

    Workshop Agenda

    Time (ET)

    Presentation/Topic

    Speaker(s)

    11:00 AM – 11:15 AM

    Welcome, Consortium Overview, Workshop Introduction

    Nancy Lin

    11:15 AM – 11:45 AM

    NIST RMTM Consortium Working Group 1 – Reference Materials: Toward Microbial Cell Reference Materials Characterized beyond CFU

    Nancy Lin/ Kirsten Parratt

    11:45 AM – 12:45 PM

    NIST RMTM Consortium Working Group 3 – Interlaboratory Studies: Microbial Contaminant Detection Across Rapid Sterility Testing Methods – Preliminary Interlaboratory Study Findings

    Jason Kralj/ Stephanie Servetas

    12:45 PM – 1:30 PM

    Lunch Break

     

    1:30 PM – 3:00 PM

    NIST RMTM Consortium Working Group 2 – Methods: Tools to Support Next Generation Sequencing as a Rapid Sterility Method

    Scott Jackson/Tyler Laird

    3:00 PM – 3:15 PM

    Break

     

    3:15 PM – 4:55 PM

    Technical Advances in Rapid Sterility Testing

    Multiple Speakers

    4:55 PM – 5:00 PM

    Closing Remarks

    Scott Jackson

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-Evening Report: Going to the dentist is expensive. Here are 3 things you can do to protect your oral health – and 3 things to avoid

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Dileep Sharma, Professor and Head of Discipline – Oral Health, University of Newcastle

    Jiri Hera/Shutterstock

    Around one in three Australians delayed their visit to a dentist in the last financial year – or didn’t go at all – due to cost.

    Given it doesn’t look like dental treatment is being added to Medicare any time soon, what can you do?

    Most oral and dental diseases are preventable, if you take care of your teeth and mouth. In-between visits to the dentist, here’s what you can do to avoid preventable issues – and blow-out costs.

    What causes diseases in your mouth?

    More than 1,000 species of microbes live in the mouth. Most dental and oral diseases are due to an imbalance or overgrowth in these microbes within the plaque (or “biofilm”).

    Plaque gathers on the hard surfaces inside the mouth (your teeth), as well as soft surfaces (such as your tongue). Removing plaque manually with brushing and flossing is the most effective way to maintain oral health.

    Plaque starts to form immediately after brushing, which is why you should remove it regularly.

    Things to do

    1. Brush twice a day

    Use a toothbrush with soft bristles (either electric or manual). Soft bristles remove plaque without damaging the teeth or gums. A fluoridated toothpaste will help strengthen the teeth.

    Brush for at least two minutes, using a sweeping and scrubbing motion, away from the gums. It’s a good idea to start at the back teeth and work your way through to the front teeth. Don’t forget to scrub the biting surface of the teeth.

    2. Floss

    Don’t skip this step – it’s crucial to clean in-between the teeth where a toothbrush can’t reach. Once a day should be enough.

    Whether you use floss, a pick, a bottle brush or other devices may depend on the space between your teeth.

    3. Clean your tongue

    To completely remove the microbes, it’s also important to clean your tongue regularly (twice daily). You can use a toothbrush while you’re already brushing, or a special tongue scraper – just don’t brush or scrape too hard.

    Brushing twice a day is important to remove bacteria in the mouth and on the teeth.
    PeopleImages.com – Yuri A/Shutterstock

    Things to avoid

    1. Sugary drinks and refined food

    What we eat and drink can affect the mouth’s pH.

    When bacteria in the mouth break down sugars, they produce acids. The acidity can dissolve minerals in the teeth and lead to decay.

    Refined foods – such as white bread, cakes and pastries – can easily be broken down by the mouth’s bacteria. So, having a lot of them, as well as sugary drinks, can damage the teeth and cause cavities.

    Water is the best choice to drink with your meals. Sparkling and soda water are acidic and can lead to mineral loss from the teeth, even when they are unflavoured. There is evidence flavoured sparkling water can be as harmful as orange juice.

    2. Tobacco and vaping

    Smoking or using smokeless tobacco (such as chewed tobacco or snuff pouches) is linked to oral cancer.

    Nicotine is also known to increase the severity of gum diseases – even when inflammation isn’t visible.

    This is true for both smoking and smokeless tobacco (such as chewed tobacco or snuff pouches).

    Vaping also increases your risk of developing cavities and gum disease.

    3. Too much alcohol, tea and coffee

    Drinking a lot of coffee, tea or red wine can stain your teeth. So if you’re concerned about your teeth appearing yellow or brown, it’s best to limit your intake.

    Drinking alcohol is also linked to an increased risk of developing oral cancers, which most commonly affect the tongue, floor of the mouth, cheek and palate.

    Drinks that are fizzy and sugary can damage the teeth.
    Svetlana Foote/Shutterstock

    Your mouth’s health is linked to your overall health

    Leaving oral diseases untreated (such as gum disease) has been linked to developing other conditions, such as liver disease, and pre-existing conditions getting worse.

    This is particularly evident if you have diabetes. Evidence shows it’s easier to manage blood sugar levels when gum diseases are properly treated.

    You can keep an eye on symptoms, such as bleeding gums which may be an early sign of gum disease. If symptoms that worry you, talk to your GP or diabetes educator. They may be able to refer you to a dentist if needed.

    Dileep Sharma receives funding from Dental Council of NSW, International Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research, Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, International College of Dentists and Tropical Australian Academic Health Centre for his dental research projects. He is affiliated with The International Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and Australian Dental Association.

    ref. Going to the dentist is expensive. Here are 3 things you can do to protect your oral health – and 3 things to avoid – https://theconversation.com/going-to-the-dentist-is-expensive-here-are-3-things-you-can-do-to-protect-your-oral-health-and-3-things-to-avoid-250786

    MIL OSI AnalysisEveningReport.nz

  • MIL-Evening Report: Non-compete clauses make it too hard to change jobs. Banning them for millions of Australians is a good move

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By William van Caenegem, Professor of Law, Bond University

    Zivica Kerkez/Shutterstock

    The Labor government used this week’s budget to announce it plans to ban non-compete agreements for employees on less than A$175,000 per year, a move that will affect about 3 million Australian workers.

    Describing them as “unfair”, a media release by federal Treasurer Jim Chalmers said non‑compete clauses “are holding back Australian workers from switching to better, higher‑paying jobs”. Banning non-compete clauses could lift the wages of affected workers by up to 4%, the government has said.

    The Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry quickly called the measure “heavy-handed”, arguing that very few employees, according to businesses, turn down employment due to non-compete clauses.

    However, research I did with colleagues from Melbourne and Monash universities showed very few employees signing a new job contract ever think about the end of the relationship and what might happen after.

    Workers often accept non-compete clauses with little understanding or regard for their practical implications.

    What the law currently says

    The current law says contractual clauses that stop departing workers from taking a new job in their preferred line of work, often for long periods of time, are – in principle – unenforceable.

    That is, however, unless a court says a particular non-compete clause is “reasonably required” to protect a “legitimate interest”.

    Therein lies the problem: it is hard to predict when, where or under what circumstances a court will find a particular clause is “reasonably required”.

    Our research concluded this uncertainty favoured employers with greater nous and resources.

    These employers have the advantage over employees, who are rarely willing or able to go to court arguing their non-compete clause is invalid.

    This has a chilling effect on the mobility of employees. In other words, these clauses make it harder for workers to change jobs.

    That’s detrimental to labour market competition and can hold back knowledge-sharing and economic growth.

    Global efforts to ban non-compete clauses

    In California, non-compete clauses have long been banned. Many economists have identified this as among the key reasons for the success of the Californian knowledge economy. This example also featured in a submission I made (with researcher Caitlyn Douglas) to a 2024 Treasury review into non-compete clauses in Australia.

    US research from 2021 also found non-compete clauses can hinder labour mobility. They can impede fundamental freedoms such as freedom of employment and freedom of general competition.

    In 2024, under President Biden, the US Federal Trade Commission banned non-competes clauses across the US.

    However, the ban has been blocked due to legal challenges in the US Federal Court. It’s also been reported the Trump administration may kill off these reforms altogether.

    The UK government proposed in 2023 limiting non-competes to a maximum of three months.

    Holding employees back

    Unlike in some countries, Australian law does not require employers to compensate their ex-employee for loss of income during their non-compete period.

    This means that if workers comply and do not work in the field they’re most skilled for, they will take a serious financial hit for months or more.

    This is another detrimental effect of non-compete clauses. They really hurt if the worker in question is lower paid and has very specific skills (such as hairdressers or dental assistants).

    In that respect, Labor’s mooted ban on such clauses for employees on less than $175,000 is well conceived.

    Courts will usually only enforce a non-compete clause if its terms are reasonable to protect a legitimate interest, such as trade secrets an employee has learned during their employment.

    However, it’s mostly higher-ranked employees that have access to really significant trade secrets, such as technical information, confidential business plans or pricing structures.

    Higher paid employees are also more often the “public face of the business”. A court might decide it’s fair to say such workers can’t leave and the next day turn up as the main face of a competing business.

    And the new government proposal won’t leave employers without any recourse against employees who take their genuine trade secrets and pass them on to their new employers. They will still be able to sue for breach of confidence.

    Non-competes really hurt if the worker in question is lower paid and has very specific skills (such as hairdressers or dental assistants).
    Dorde Krstic/Shutterstock

    Challenges for reform

    The proposed reforms are well supported by authoritative legal and economic research.

    The federal government will have to consider carefully how to make sure the prohibition cannot be easily circumvented.

    And they’ll have to ensure these reforms don’t make it more likely judges will find restraints valid for those on more than A$175,000. Labour and knowledge mobility remain crucially important for them too.

    Another key challenge will be ensuring a ban doesn’t encourage practices or clauses restricting competition to emerge or become too prevalent.

    That could include “garden leave” clauses. These give a departing employee a long notice period, during which they are paid but do not work and are isolated from their employment (and instead “doing the gardening” at home).

    The risk is that if employers can no longer include non-compete clauses in contracts, they might use long garden leave provisions more often.

    Although it is good that “garden leave” employees get paid during that period (unlike during a non-compete term), they are still isolated from their work, stagnating in their skills and unable to move to new employment.

    William van Caenegem received funding from the Australian Research Council a decade ago for some of the research referred to in this article.

    ref. Non-compete clauses make it too hard to change jobs. Banning them for millions of Australians is a good move – https://theconversation.com/non-compete-clauses-make-it-too-hard-to-change-jobs-banning-them-for-millions-of-australians-is-a-good-move-253101

    MIL OSI AnalysisEveningReport.nz

  • MIL-OSI USA: REPORT: Rosen Recognized As One of the Top 10 Most Effective Senate Democrats for Second Time in A Row

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator Jacky Rosen (D-NV)

    Senator Rosen Was Also Recently Reaffirmed As One Of The Most Bipartisan Senators
    WASHINGTON, DC – U.S. Senator Jacky Rosen (D-NV) was named one of the top ten most effective Democratic Senators in the 118th Congress, according to a non-partisan study by the Center for Effective Lawmaking at the University of Virginia and Vanderbilt University released today. Senator Rosen was the ninth most effective Senate Democrat and the third-most effective first-term senator, making her one of only four first-term senators who “exceeded expectations” as above-average effective lawmakers.
    “Nevadans know that I’m an independent voice for them in the U.S. Senate who works across party lines to get things done,” said Senator Rosen. “I’m honored to have been recognized once again as one of the most effective senators for my work to deliver for the people of Nevada. I’ll continue to be a strong, effective advocate for our state and will work tirelessly to help hardworking families thrive.”
    Since arriving in Congress, Senator Rosen has worked across party lines to deliver for Nevada. She has been consistently named and reaffirmed as one of the most bipartisan members of the Senate. She has also been recognized as one of the most independent senators for being willing to break with her own party to deliver for Nevada.
    The Center for Effective Lawmaking at the University of Virginia and Vanderbilt University legislative effectiveness scorecard can be found here.

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Three NSU teachers became winners of the Potanin Foundation grant competition

    Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

    Source: Novosibirsk State University – Novosibirsk State University –

    The names of the winners of the grant competition for teachers of Russian universities participating in the Vladimir Potanin Scholarship Program in 2024/2025 were recently announced. In total, 1,290 teachers showed interest in the competition this season, 574 applications were received from 68 universities, and 526 applications were admitted to expert evaluation. Based on the results of the selection, 150 teachers will receive a grant for the redesign and transformation of educational products. The total amount of support is 73.8 million rubles.

    The most popular areas for redesign and transformation of educational products: teacher education (11), management (10), computer science and engineering (7), economics (6), information systems and technologies (5), psychology (5), history (5).

    Novosibirsk State University was among the leading universities in terms of the number of applications admitted to the examination; there were 15 of them. Following the results of the competition, three NSU teachers became winners:

    Elina Arnoldovna Biberdorf, redesign of the course “Methods and Applications of Linear Algebra”. Alexander Vladimirovich Bobrovskikh, redesign of the course “Gene Networks: Advanced Approaches to Analysis and Reconstruction”. Ulyana Stanislavovna Zubairova, redesign of the course “Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science in Biology Problems”.

    We spoke to the winners and found out why they decided to apply, what their projects are about, and what emotions they feel when they win.

    Alexander Bobrovskikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Natural Sciences of NSU, teacher Advanced Engineering School of NSU:

    — I decided to participate in the competition quite spontaneously when I saw the announcement at NSU in December. I didn’t think long about the idea of the application, since I had recently completed the creation of the module “Reconstruction of Gene Networks” for the NSU Advanced Engineering School, which covers basic concepts in this area. I thought that it would be great to expand and deepen the content of this module, making it a full-fledged course with the support of the Vladimir Potanin Foundation. I wrote the application to the Foundation in a few days during the New Year holidays. I am grateful to the NSU Advanced Engineering School for supporting my idea and to the Foundation for the high assessment of my application. I am especially glad that I will be able to implement this within the walls of my native university and support the initiatives of our Advanced Engineering School.

    Ulyana Zubairova, Senior Lecturer, Department of Informatics Systems Faculty of Information Technology NSU:

    — I learned about the competition from the department’s newsletter and immediately realized that this was a great opportunity to update our course “Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science in Biology Problems”. It is located at the intersection of two very rapidly developing fields — biology and artificial intelligence. We have long wanted to make the course more practice-oriented and interdisciplinary, with an emphasis on real-world problems. Nowadays, biologists increasingly work with large data sets, and AI specialists — with problems where it is important to take into account the biological context. Our course is an attempt to combine these two worlds. We want students to not only know how algorithms work, but also to be able to apply them in real biological research: from gene analysis to spatial transcriptomics and medical imaging.

    AI in biology is developing at breakneck speed, and for the course to remain relevant and truly useful, it needs to be regularly revised. Thanks to the grant support, we will be able to seriously update the structure: add cases based on real biological data, develop interactive practical tasks, include blocks on visualizing results and integrate all this with laboratory practice. In addition, we plan to hold several intensive courses where students will be able to work on real scientific projects and apply the knowledge gained in the course in practice. This will help not only to better assimilate the material, but also to feel how modern bioinformatics works “live”.

    I am very happy with the victory! This is not just good news, but an opportunity to take an important step forward. We believe in the power of interdisciplinary education and want the course to be more than just a set of lectures, but a real space where scientific and engineering ideas are born. Special thanks to the Department of Informatics Systems of the Faculty of Information Technology of NSU. The support when submitting the application and in general during the course discussion was both very valuable and humanly warm. When there is a team nearby that believes in the project, it becomes much easier to move forward. And this victory is also a great reason to rethink the very approach to teaching: listen to students, be flexible, adapt the format. And most importantly, do not be afraid to try something new. Participation in the competition itself was a step towards change, and we will definitely not stop there.

    Elina Biberdorf, Associate Professor, Department of Differential Equations Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, NSU:

    — I teach a course in the master’s program called “Methods and Applications of Linear Algebra”. I take the fate of this course to heart, because its content is close to the main direction of my scientific work. In addition, this course is the brainchild and legacy of my scientific supervisor, Academician Sergei Konstantinovich Godunov. In order for the material to be interesting and useful for master’s students, it must be regularly updated, improved, and include something new and modern.

    In recent years, most of the course participants have been graduates of other universities and foreign students. This creates a big problem due to the difference in the level of preparation. The teacher needs to make additional methodological efforts to make it interesting and understandable for everyone. That is why I jumped at the chance to participate in the competition and get support to transform my course.

    After this victory, first of all, I will revise the material of practical classes and synchronize the lecture presentations with it. These changes will affect the students of the next year. Later, a new teaching aid will be written, as well as a methodological manual for completing practical assignments.

    Of course, I am glad that the foundation supported my project. But this feeling is mixed with a bit of anxiety, because now there is serious work ahead, which will require quite a lot of effort from me. You could say that I expected to win. It seems to me that my application was quite high-quality and convincing.

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News

  • MIL-OSI Australia: Delivering a new Academy for Health Sciences in Central Queensland

    Source: Historic Cooma Gaol listed on the NSW State Heritage Register

    The Albanese Government and the Crisafulli Government will fund the establishment of a new Academy for Health Sciences in Rockhampton.

    The Academy will help to fast track high-achieving local students into careers as doctors, nurses, paramedics and allied health professionals.

    This is an investment to strengthen Medicare and boost the pipeline of health workers in regional Queensland.

    The Academy will cater for students from Years 10 to 12 and connect them to professionals in health sciences and research.

    The Albanese Government will support the establishment of the Academy through a $80 million investment, towards the Crisafulli Government’s existing commitment to deliver this key regional project.

    The Crisafulli Government will seek to establish a direct partnership with Central Queensland University. 

    This will also allow students to gain credit for university health science degrees while still at school, and follow their passion for health sciences without needing to move away from their families or communities.

    The recent record number of graduates to progress through Queensland’s Regional Medical Pathway program demonstrates the strong pipeline of home-grown future health professionals outside metropolitan areas.

    The Rockhampton campus will be the first regionally-based Queensland Academy, and demonstrates the Crisafulli and Albanese Government’s commitment to restoring and strengthening regional health services.

    The details of the Academy’s implementation are under consideration by the Crisafulli Government, with the final location to be determined through further planning and consultation.

    Comment attributable to Minister Clare: 

    “This is an important investment which will support young people in Central Queensland to become nurses, paramedics and doctors. 

    “This is all about building a better and fairer education system and strengthening the pipeline of key workers that regional Queensland needs.”

    Comment attributable to Minister King:

    “The Albanese Government is delivering the infrastructure and facilities our communities need. 

    “This health sciences academy is part of our landmark investment in Central Queensland, alongside the $7.2 billion being invested by the Australian Government in the Bruce Highway safety upgrade.”

    Comment attributable to Minister Langbroek: 

    “This funding contribution from the Albanese Government is incredibly significant, coupled with the planning and consultation work we’ve already done, this election commitment is well underway.

    “The Academy will help students across Central Queensland who are interested in a health career to connect with professionals in health sciences and research.

    “I look forward to continuing to work with State Health Minister Tim Nicholls and our local MPs to fulfill our commitment to deliver this vital project for Central Queensland.”

    MIL OSI News

  • MIL-OSI USA: Capito Votes to Confirm Bhattacharya to Lead NIH

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for West Virginia Shelley Moore Capito

    WASHINGTON, D.C. – U.S. Senator Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.Va.), chairman of the Senate Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies (Labor-HHS) Appropriations Subcommittee, issued the following statement after voting to confirm Jay Bhattacharya as the next director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH):

    “As Chairman of the Senate’s Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Subcommittee, I have worked closely with past NIH Directors and look forward to working with Director Bhattacharya on our shared goal of making America healthy again through medical research,” Senator Capito said. “As a medical researcher himself, Director Bhattacharya understands the unique needs of those in this field. I was pleased to vote to confirm him and look forward to the progress he will make modernizing NIH to best meet the health care challenges facing our nation, enabling the next lifesaving medical breakthroughs.”

    Senator Capito previously met with Bhattacharya in February to discuss his nomination and learn more about his vision to lead NIH.

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI Australia: Empowering young changemakers in Wanneroo

    Source: South Australia Police

    We’re pleased to welcome 12 local primary schools into the 2025 City of Wanneroo School Leadership Program.

    Since 2019, the program has fostered leadership, teamwork and community connection among young people in our community and has helped nearly 500 students develop confidence and skills to lead positive change within their community.

    As part of the program, participating students band together to create a community action project that focuses on improving the environment, safety, advocacy, inclusion or health in their neighbourhoods.

    Mayor Linda Aitken said the program played an important role in shaping the future leaders of our communities.

    “The School Leadership Program empowers young people to make a real difference in their own backyard, and investing in our young people is investing in the future of the City of Wanneroo,” she said.

    “Through this program, we are not only developing leadership skills but also fostering a sense of belonging and responsibility that will benefit our community for years to come.”

    This year’s participating schools are:

    • Alkimos Primary
    • Carnaby Rise Primary
    • Carramar Primary
    • Clarkson Primary
    • East Wanneroo Primary
    • Mindarie Primary
    • Our Lady of Mercy Primary
    • Quinns Rocks Primary
    • Rawlinson Primary
    • St Anthony’s Wanneroo
    • St Elizabeth’s Catholic Primary
    • Tapping Primary

    The program kicks off with the Youth Leadership Forum on 8 May, where students will engage in interactive workshops, hear from inspiring leaders and start developing their Community Action Projects.

    Stay tuned as these young changemakers embark on their leadership journey.

    MIL OSI News

  • MIL-OSI China: Protection, utilization bring modern touch to legacy of Neolithic culture

    Source: China State Council Information Office 3

    Zhang Zhijia, a 38-year-old volunteer at Chifeng Museum in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, leaves home at 8:30 a.m. to share stories about the Hongshan culture with museum visitors.

    Almost at the same time, Li Jiawei, a 24-year-old graduate student who studies cultural relics at Chifeng University in the city of Chifeng, walks from his dormitory to the library to research materials for future archaeological projects.

    And 45-year-old Guo Lei, who is in charge of Songshanzhai, a cultural and creative company under the Chifeng culture and tourism group, has already engaged in discussions with his colleagues on the designs of refrigerator magnets inspired by the Hongshan culture.

    Despite being from different age groups and living different lives, they all share a commitment to the preservation and utilization of the Hongshan culture, which was an important archaeological culture during the Neolithic Age.

    The culture spans three regions: the west of Liaoning Province, the north of Hebei Province and the east of Inner Mongolia. Chifeng in Inner Mongolia has over 700 known Hongshan culture relics sites.

    “My hometown, Chifeng, is both the birthplace of the Hongshan culture and the place where it was named,” Zhang said.

    The city’s northeastern suburbs are marked by a red mountain, Wulanhad, which means “red mountain” in Mongolian. It is from this mountain that the city and culture took their names.

    Since childhood, Zhang has been fascinated by jade artifacts from the Hongshan culture, such as jade dragons and jade silkworms.

    “Some of the jade artifacts show slight markings made by cowhide ropes during their polishing process, which makes me imagine scenes of the Hongshan ancestors crafting these objects. It feels like touching history,” he said.

    Motivated by this sentiment, he signed up to volunteer at Chifeng Museum, and he hopes that more young people can gain knowledge and joy through learning about history.

    “Volunteers are both narrators and learners,” he said. “Recently, many visitors have been asking about the newly excavated jade dragons from last year. The Hongshan artifacts are ‘updating,’ and our knowledge must also be continuously updated.”

    In 2024, three jade dragons from the Hongshan culture were unearthed — the largest number of such artifacts found in recent years. Among them was the largest jade dragon ever discovered.

    The object, measuring 15.8 centimeters in length, 9.5 centimeters in width and 3 centimeters in thickness, was excavated from a stone tomb in Yuanbaoshan in Chifeng’s Aohan Banner. It provides valuable new insights into the study of this ancient civilization.

    The piece has become a highlight of exhibitions and academic lectures, and it has also inspired designs in cultural and creative industries.

    Guo has been involved in the development of cultural and creative products inspired by the Hongshan culture for four years. Together with his colleagues, he has launched several products based on Hongshan artifacts, and is planning to release new refrigerator magnets inspired by the culture.

    “We design cultural and creative products that not only have high aesthetic value but also boast fine details and rich heritage, and we hope they can serve as a window through which visitors can understand the Hongshan culture,” Guo said.

    Li shares a similar hope, and looks forward to uncovering more secrets of the Hongshan culture through archaeological work.

    “Archaeology is a way to engage in dialogue with the ancestors, as each jade artifact and pottery shard may contain their stories,” Li said, adding that in the future, he wants to share more stories of the Hongshan culture with others.

    Today, the legacy of the Hongshan culture continues in modern life. In Chifeng, visitors can participate in themed research activities, watch performances, and even enjoy Hongshan culture-inspired feasts at local restaurants.

    “We dig into historical research and inherit fine traditional Chinese culture, enabling cultural empowerment for industrial development,” said Zhang Guohua, Chifeng’s vice mayor.

    MIL OSI China News

  • MIL-Evening Report: Our work and home lives are blending more than ever – how do we navigate this new ‘zigzag’ reality?

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Candice Harris, Professor of Management, Auckland University of Technology

    Black Salmon/Shutterstock

    For decades, researchers examined work and home life as separate domains. If they were taken together it was usually to study so-called work-life balance.

    But these days, the reality is more complex. Our work and home lives are more seamlessly integrated than ever, largely because of communications technology and the work-from-home trend.

    This can mean we deal with a work matter and a bit of domestic or family business virtually simultaneously, shifting attention and focus from one to the other within seconds.

    We’ve dubbed this phenomenon “zigzag working” to describe how employees blend work and family roles within times and spaces that might once have been separate.

    During and in the immediate aftermath of the pandemic, this became more common as many working parents had to perform their paid work at home. But as workers increasingly return to the office, has zigzag working become the new normal?

    In our research, we studied zigzag working beyond COVID to test support for it, and to understand its effects on conflict and happiness. Our study used a survey with two samples: 318 employees and 373 managers.

    Zigzag working in action

    Zigzag working provides a unique way to examine the blending of work and life. Frequent interspersing of family and work happens regularly. But what does it look like?

    Consider Raj, a senior banking professional and solo parent of a 14-year-old. Here’s how a couple of hours of interspersing work and family while in the office unfold:

    11:02 am. While listening to the CEO’s update, Raj messages his son, encouraging him to play basketball in the school break instead of gaming. His son responds with “whatever”.

    11:09 am. Raj replies: “Yes, whatever – go have a run.”

    11:48 am. He dashes out to buy lunch, remembering school camp fees are due by 5 pm.

    11:54 am. Heading back to his office, he takes a call from a colleague.

    12:02 pm. Back at his desk, Raj checks his diary while on the call, realising it’s his mother’s birthday.

    12:11 pm. Raj orders flowers for her, remembering he often said “whatever” as a teenager. He starts a message to his son but is interrupted when pulled into an urgent meeting.

    12:27 pm. As the meeting unfolds, Raj realises it has minimal impact on his division. Multitasking, he messages his son, replies to an email and mentally reviews his to-do list, including the camp fees.

    12.43 pm. Working on a product proposal, he notices no replies from his son or the florist, but his mother has messaged telling him not to bring anything for dinner since he’s so busy.

    Technology has allowed employees to blend work and family roles simultaneously.
    GaudiLab/Shutterstock

    Zigzag working results

    After speaking with employees and managers, we were able to identify several key points.

    • Zigzag working, characterised by frequent small transitions between work and family responsibilities, occurs throughout the workday.

    • Both men and women regularly zigzag between work and family responsibilities during the day. Gender differences were tested for, finding no significant variation in zigzagging behaviour. This contrasts with prior research that often finds gender differences in work-family conflict.

    • Managers zigzag more than employees.

    • Zigzag working is more prevalent for those working from home. This aligns with the idea that remote work environments make it easier for employees to switch rapidly between work and personal responsibilities.

    • Even those not working from home still reported moderate levels of zigzag working, suggesting this phenomenon is not limited to remote work.

    • Zigzag working was linked to both work-family conflict and happiness, underscoring its unique impact. While managing multiple responsibilities can be challenging, it can also be rewarding – especially when individuals feel a sense of control over their time and tasks.

    The key takeaway? Zigzagging exists, and it is practised across genders, levels of seniority and locations. While it makes workers busier, our research found it also makes them happier.

    Employers should embrace zigzag working

    Recognising zigzagging as a normal work dynamic can foster a more supportive workplace, enhancing employee wellbeing, focus and overall performance. Employers can promote discussions about zigzagging to challenge rigid work-life boundaries.

    Encouraging men to share their zigzagging experiences broadens the conversation beyond the assumption that openly juggling work and family is primarily a women’s issue. Normalising work-family intersections can make them feel more manageable and even gratifying.

    Zigzagging is not a one-size-fits-all approach. Employers should recognise that zigzagging can vary by job role, time constraints and caregiving responsibilities, differing across professions and individuals.

    Technology can further support zigzag working, enabling staff to efficiently manage both work and family responsibilities.

    Zigzagging provides a fresh perspective on the blend of work and family, revealing the interplay between work and family can be simultaneously both beneficial and detrimental. Zigzaggers may be busy, but they are also happy – working as masters of their own universes.

    The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. Our work and home lives are blending more than ever – how do we navigate this new ‘zigzag’ reality? – https://theconversation.com/our-work-and-home-lives-are-blending-more-than-ever-how-do-we-navigate-this-new-zigzag-reality-251601

    MIL OSI AnalysisEveningReport.nz

  • MIL-OSI Australia: Research reveals gender bias blind spot among men in local leadership

    Source:

    26 March 2025

    Men in local leadership positions are unaware of gender leadership disparities and are less likely to challenge dominant stereotypes compared to women, suggests new research by the University of South Australia.

    UniSA researchers interviewed more than 30 people in local leadership roles in regions experiencing industrial transformation, across government, business, sporting clubs, religious organisations and academia. All participants were from communities directly affected by the closure of Australia’s automotive industry in 2017, in suburban Melbourne, northern Adelaide and Geelong. They were interviewed in 2023 about gendered stereotypes that existed when the crisis unfolded and progressed, as well as when COVID hit.

    The findings suggest that women and men leaders agreed on what makes a good leader. However, women experienced daily impacts related to gender leadership stereotypes and actively worked to break down these biases. On the other hand, men leaders tended to be unaware of gender differences, believing they didn’t exist.

    Lead researcher Dr Lynette Washington says the men in the study largely accepted dominant gender leadership norms without questioning them, limiting their ability to push for alternative leadership styles which might assist to drive real change in regions undergoing a major industrial shift.

    “The thing that was most striking was that when we spoke to women, they immediately identified that they were impacted by stereotypes and they undertook detailed, sophisticated work to deconstruct those ideas. They understood how stereotypes impacted them, they thought about that impact regularly and deeply, and it was very much front of mind for them,” she says.

    “When we asked the men about gender bias, they didn’t believe that it existed for women or men leaders. And because of that, they couldn’t deconstruct these ideas to understand how they functioned and impacted people in the workplace.”

    The research was centred around the concept of ‘place-based leadership’, a collaborative, community-led approach to leadership that aims to improve the social and economic outcomes for a specific community.

    Dr Washington says place-based leadership is not much so much about the job a leader is doing but the way they’re doing it – with an emphasis on collaboration, leading through persuasion, soft power and networking.

    “It’s about their understanding and care of the place. Many place-based leaders live in the place they lead and key to being a placed-based leader is having a connection or a personal investment,” she says.

    “The findings of our study suggest that greater awareness of gender in leadership would help create more inclusive and effective leadership and this could lead to fairer outcomes.”

    One of the research participants shared her experience with gender bias in local government. 

    “The first time I stood up to speak in council the town clerk said to me, “Well that’s very nice. Now be a good girl and sit down,” she said.

    Researchers have documented gender bias in leadership since the 1970s, a phenomenon that US researcher Dr Virginia Schein called “think manager, think male”. Dr Washington explains the issue now is that men must do more to help deconstruct bias.

    “If men can’t take that first step of acknowledging gender stereotyping in the workplace is real, they can’t do the work to address it. Women are acknowledging it and working hard to deconstruct and change it, but part of the reason it’s not progressing in the way that it needs to is that men aren’t also doing that work to the degree that is required for change,” she says.

    “Without equality in leadership, we can’t access the full wealth of knowledge, experience and ability that exists in places. Left behind places need to access the full range of skills and abilities that they hold to ensure they can meet the challenges ahead.

    “Places like the northern suburbs in Adelaide and Geelong in Victoria experienced significant disruption when the car manufacturing industry closed and were also hit hard during the pandemic. We need the best possible leadership in these places and that means challenging old ways of leading and introducing new, more effective leadership styles. One way to do that is to have a greater awareness of gender within leadership.

    “This will result in more equal outcomes across the regions.”

    To access the research paper: Washington, L., Beer, A., & Kulik, C. T. (2024). Gender, place leadership and levelling up across regions. Contemporary Social Science19(4), 583–601. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2024.2441856

    …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

    Contact for interview: Dr Lynette Washington, Research Fellow, UniSA E: Lynette.Washington@unisa.edu.au

    Media contact: Melissa Keogh, Communications Officer, UniSA M: +403 659 154 E: Melissa.Keogh@unisa.edu.au

    MIL OSI News

  • MIL-OSI China: Europe urged to unite amid US tariffs, rising debt, and big tech challenges

    Source: China State Council Information Office

    European unity is vital to tackling economic challenges ranging from new U.S. tariffs and rising public debt to the expanding influence of big tech firms, Italian political figures and analysts have said at a conference in Rome.

    The conference, titled “Governing Europe and Italy in the Age of Donald Trump,” was hosted by LUISS University on Monday evening and featured prominent speakers, including former Italian Prime Ministers Mario Monti and Giuliano Amato, Finance Minister Giancarlo Giorgetti, European Commission Vice-President Raffaele Fitto, and LUISS professors.

    “What we are seeing today is not the only time Europe has faced big challenges,” said Monti, who served as Italy’s prime minister between 2011 and 2013 during the global sovereign debt crisis. “But we must act together to confront the current challenges.”

    Earlier this month, U.S. President Donald Trump announced a 25-percent tariff on aluminum, steel, and related imports, with another round set to take effect on April 2, though details remain unclear. In response, the European Union initially planned retaliatory tariffs for April 1 but postponed them by at least two weeks following a European Council meeting to allow more time for negotiations.

    On the sidelines of the conference, economics professor Pietro Reichlin told Xinhua that the Trump administration’s unpredictable tariff policies complicate the EU’s response strategies.

    Reichlin stressed the importance of understanding U.S. trade goals to reach an agreement, pointing to the EU’s surplus in goods and the U.S. strengths in services and energy as potential negotiation points.

    Italy’s Finance Minister Giorgetti warned that mounting debt and the growing influence of big tech firms – particularly U.S. giants such as Google and leading players in artificial intelligence, are increasingly limiting the policymakers’ options.

    According to Eurostat, the EU’s average debt stood at 81.6 percent of GDP at the end of the third quarter of 2024 while the eurozone recorded an average ratio of 88.1 percent. Italy’s debt-to-GDP ratio reached 136.3 percent, second only to Greece.

    Speakers stressed the need for greater cohesion within Europe to address external trade pressures, the Ukraine conflict, and internal disputes within the bloc. Amato emphasized that cooperation, not conflict, drives prosperity.

    Reichlin also stressed the importance of adapting to evolving trade dynamics with China. “Adjusting trade relations is crucial, as both sides stand to benefit from deeper engagement,” he said. 

    MIL OSI China News

  • MIL-OSI China: Russia, Ukraine hold parallel US-mediated talks in Saudi Arabia

    Source: China State Council Information Office

    Three days of technical-level negotiations on the details of a potential ceasefire in Ukraine concluded Tuesday without an official joint statement, as participating parties offered somewhat conflicting assessments of the talks.

    The intense parallel interactions between the United States and delegations from Ukraine and Russia on the table, including a 12-hour one between the United States and Russia on Monday, and two shorter rounds between the United States and Ukraine on Sunday and Tuesday, came as fighting on the battlefield remains intense.

    Although Washington signaled on Tuesday its willingness to continue facilitating negotiations between the warring parties, analysts remain skeptical about the prospects of such a diplomatic push, citing deep-seated distrust, conflicting demands among stakeholders, and the inherent complexities of the process.

    Conflicting assessments

    For the latest talks, which build on previous negotiations held in Saudi Arabia and subsequent phone exchanges between the presidents of the three countries, the U.S. delegation included Andrew Peek, a senior director at the White House National Security Council, and Michael Anton, a senior official from the State Department. The Russian delegation was led by Grigory Karasin, chair of the Federation Council’s Foreign Affairs Committee, and Sergei Beseda, an advisor to the director of the Federal Security Service. Defense Minister Rustem Umerov headed the Ukrainian delegation.

    On Tuesday, hours after the U.S. and Ukrainian delegations concluded their second round of talks, the White House issued separate statements elaborating on its understanding of the parallel meetings.

    It stated that the United States had agreed separately with Russia and Ukraine to “ensure safe navigation, eliminate the use of force, and prevent the use of commercial vessels for military purposes in the Black Sea,” and to develop measures for implementing the presidents’ agreement to “ban strikes against energy facilities of Russia and Ukraine.”

    The United States, with Russia and Ukraine respectively, also “welcomes the good offices of third countries with a view toward supporting the implementation of the energy and maritime agreements” and “will continue working toward achieving a durable and lasting peace,” the statement added.

    Among the outcomes of the U.S.-Russia talks, the United States pledged to help restore Russia’s access to the global market for agricultural and fertilizer exports, reduce maritime insurance costs, and improve access to ports and payment systems for such transactions.

    In the U.S.-Ukraine talks, both sides reaffirmed the United States’ commitment to facilitating the exchange of prisoners of war, securing the release of civilian detainees, and ensuring the return of forcibly transferred Ukrainian children.

    Meanwhile, the Kremlin stated on Tuesday that Russia and the United States had agreed to ensure the implementation of the Black Sea Initiative, contingent on the easing of sanctions on Russia’s agricultural and food trade.

    Russia also stipulated the removal of restrictions on its food and fertilizer producers and exporters, the servicing of related Russian-flagged vessels in ports, and the supply of agricultural machinery to Russia, according to the Kremlin.

    It further announced that a “temporary moratorium” on strikes against energy facilities — including nuclear power plants, oil refineries, gas pipelines, and hydroelectric dams — would be in effect for 30 days starting March 18 and “may be extended by mutual agreement.”

    Previously, Russian President Vladimir Putin agreed on March 18 to halt attacks on energy facilities in a phone call with U.S. President Donald Trump.

    As for Kiev, while Umerov stated on Tuesday that “all parties” had agreed on the need to prohibit attacks on energy infrastructure in the Russia-Ukraine conflict, he also warned that any movement of Russian military vessels beyond the eastern part of the Black Sea would “violate the agreement’s spirit” and be considered a “threat to Ukraine’s national security.” In response, Ukraine would exercise its right to self-defense, he cautioned.

    Mixed sentiments

    Commenting on the three-day peace negotiations, Trump said the U.S. side was “in deep discussions with Russia and Ukraine,” which were “going well.”

    He added that he would look into Russia’s requests for sanctions relief.

    However, the mood is quite different for both Russia and Ukraine. Although the meetings in Saudi Arabia hinted at the possibility of a broader ceasefire, the two countries remain wary of the latest deal, voicing contrasting concerns over its implementation.

    In an interview with local media, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said Moscow needs “clear guarantees” from the White House regarding the agreement on the safety of shipping in the Black Sea.

    “Given the sad experience of agreements with just Kiev, the guarantees can only be the result of an order from Washington to (Ukrainian President Volodymyr) Zelensky and his team,” Lavrov said.

    Zelensky accused the Kremlin of “lying” and “manipulating” by saying the Black Sea ceasefire depends on “sanctions,” warning that the Russians “must understand that if they launch strikes, there will be a strong response.”

    At a press conference earlier Tuesday, Zelensky criticized Washington’s decision to help restore Russia’s access to the world market for agricultural goods, dismissing it as “a weakening of the position and a weakening of sanctions.”

    The Ukrainian president said he hopes to gain clarity from an upcoming summit in Paris regarding which countries would deploy forces to enforce the peace agreements.

    “Our task is to come out with the result of understanding who we have and who is ready” to contribute forces to implement measures to halt the conflict, Zelensky said.

    In the meantime, Europe, once again finding itself sidelined in addressing the conflict, has been actively organizing support for Ukraine in recent weeks.

    French President Emmanuel Macron announced that leaders of the so-called “coalition of the willing” will meet again this week, focusing on short-term military support for Ukrainian forces and exploring long-term “security guarantees” to help sustain Ukraine’s defense. Macron’s remarks have been dismissed by the United States as “a posture and a pose.”

    The meeting in Paris with Zelensky will be the latest in a series of high-stakes gatherings among European leaders, following London’s hosting of discussions on Thursday among European military chiefs from the coalition backing Ukraine.

    Britain and France are taking a leading role in organizing Western support for Ukraine after Trump surprised Europe by initiating talks with Putin. The two European powers have pledged to help provide the military force needed to keep Russia “at bay” if a ceasefire is reached.

    Uncertain future

    Notably, the battlefield showed no signs of quieting despite the peace talks in Saudi Arabia, with both Russia and Ukraine reporting fresh waves of drone strikes and accusing each other of escalation.

    On Tuesday, the Russian Defense Ministry said Ukraine had “continued to deliberately strike Russian peaceful energy infrastructure facilities using UAVs.”

    “By continuing daily attacks on Russian energy infrastructure, Zelensky confirms his inability to negotiate and his lack of control by external guarantors responsible for ensuring compliance with any possible agreements,” the ministry said.

    In Ukraine, the number of people injured on Monday in a Russian missile strike on the northeastern city of Sumy rose to 101, including 23 children, according to the Sumy regional administration.

    Preliminary data indicated that a Russian missile struck a residential area of the city, damaging several apartment buildings and an educational institution, the Sumy Regional Prosecutor’s Office said in a statement.

    Experts have pointed out that a real, permanent peace settlement could be far off, citing deep-rooted divisions and a growing trust deficit among the stakeholders.

    Khalid Almatrafi, Bureau Chief of Asharq TV in Saudi Arabia, told Xinhua that “the escalating mutual attacks … reflect the deepening gap between the two sides and complicate any negotiating process.”

    The repeated accusations deepen mistrust and make it difficult to establish any “confidence-building measures,” which are essential for transitioning from a ceasefire to a sustainable political settlement, said Almatrafi.

    Echoing Almatrafi’s viewpoint, Abdulaziz Alshaabani, a Saudi researcher at Al Riyadh Center for Political and Strategic Studies, said that “a lack of trust” poses a major threat to reaching an agreement, “given the history of violations of agreements between the two sides.”

    “In 2022, several rounds of negotiations took place … in the end, nothing came of it,” said Andrey Kortunov, a scholar with the Valdai Discussion Club in Russia. “Over the past three years, there has been a major escalation, and the situation has changed,” making it “difficult for both sides to find compromises,” Kortunov said.

    “Given the difficulty in enforcing a halt to strikes on energy infrastructure agreed upon last week, it remains to be seen how effective the latest deal will be,” The Independent, a British online newspaper, reported.

    The newspaper also questioned Washington’s motives in assuming the mediator’s role, particularly concerning Ukraine’s mineral and energy resources.

    “The Trump administration has claimed that Washington’s stake in Ukraine’s minerals and energy resources could deter Russia from launching future attacks,” but such a diplomatic push would, in fact, grant Washington “a vast stake in Ukraine’s rare earth mineral deposits,” it said.

    “Ukraine’s gas infrastructure could also be of interest to the White House, with Kiev owning the world’s third-largest underground gas storage capacity,” it noted. 

    MIL OSI China News

  • MIL-Evening Report: Australia stands firm behind its foreign aid in the budget, but the future remains precarious

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Melissa Conley Tyler, Honorary Fellow, Asia Institute, The University of Melbourne

    This week’s budget will come as a relief to Australia’s neighbours in the Indo-Pacific that rely on development assistance. The Albanese government did not follow the lead of US President Donald Trump and UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer in cutting its foreign aid.

    The Trump administration froze foreign assistance and dismantled the US Agency for International Development (USAID) when it came into office. Meanwhile, the UK announced 40% aid cuts of its own.

    It is to Australia’s credit this has not happened here. Australia’s development budget remains intact this year and in forward estimates.

    Sensible policymakers seem to recognise that Australia’s strategic circumstances are different. As a nation surrounded by low- and middle-income countries, Australia cannot vacate the field on development issues without enormous reputational, diplomatic and strategic damage.

    This budget shows Australia is committed to its region – with 75% of the foreign assistance budget flowing to the Indo-Pacific – and sees development partnerships as a way to solve shared problems.

    What’s in the budget for aid and development

    The details of the development budget show Australia has been listening to its partners to identify critical gaps and reprioritise funds.

    In the Pacific, funding has risen to a historic high, with no country receiving less aid. There have been changes in focus to respond to the US funding cuts, including programs on HIV/AIDS in Papua New Guinea and Fiji and gender-based violence in the Pacific.

    This fits with Australia’s desire to be a partner of choice – and to prevent an increased Chinese presence in the region.

    In Southeast Asia, Australia has increased its aid to all countries and has shifted funding, particularly in health where the US was a major donor.

    This is in Australia’s interest. A new program on Indonesian human and animal health, for example, will help prevent health system failures in areas such as tuberculosis and polio elimination on Australia’s doorstep.

    Funds have also been reallocated to support civil society organisations working in vital areas like media freedom and human rights, which would have been a casualty in the US cuts.

    There was also a shift in humanitarian funding to Myanmar and Bangladesh, where the US aid withdrawal has left Rohingya refugees in a desperate state.

    Importantly, the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade is helping local organisations survive US cuts by allowing temporary flexibility in the use of grant funding to help them continue to deliver essential services.

    Beyond these reprioritisations, the other heartening thing about the budget is its normality.

    It maintains funding for assistive technology for people with disabilities and an Inclusion and Equality Fund to support LGBTQIA+ civil society organisations and human rights defenders. There are programs on maternal health, including reproductive rights.

    The future is still precarious

    However, it would be wrong to think this budget will fill the gaps left by the US withdrawal.

    The ANU Development Policy Centre estimates that traditional OECD donors will cut at least 25% of their aid by 2027. It said, “when that much of a thing goes missing, it’s clearly at risk of collapse”.

    Some development organisations will close their doors, potentially including household names that Australians have donated to for years. This is a time of huge transformation for the sector.

    Another future problem will be maintaining multilateral institutions that rely on US funding – including the World Health Organization, World Food Programme, World Bank and Asian Development Bank. This will require a concerted effort with other countries.

    So, while the Australian budget shows a government deploying current funding as intelligently as possible, there will eventually be limits to this approach.

    In the “new world of uncertainty” described in the treasurer’s budget speech, it simply won’t be possible to meet Australia’s strategic aims and keep development spending at its current rate. It is still far away from 1% of the federal budget.

    At some point, Australia must rethink the trajectory of its international commitments.

    Analysis by the Development Intelligence Lab, a think tank working on development cooperation in the Indo-Pacific, has shown that over the last 25 years, the international parts of the federal budget – defence, intelligence, diplomacy and development – have held steady at around 10%.

    In a time of disruption, this might need to change. In 1949, for example, Australia invested almost 9% of the federal budget on development and diplomacy alone – not including defence.

    Those in the foreign aid sector can celebrate Australia has not pulled back on its commitments like the US and UK. At the same time, we should expect the next government will inevitably be called on to do more.

    Melissa Conley Tyler is Executive Director at the Asia-Pacific Development, Diplomacy & Defence Dialogue (AP4D), an initiative funded by the foreign affairs and defence portfolios and hosted by the Australian Council for International Development..

    ref. Australia stands firm behind its foreign aid in the budget, but the future remains precarious – https://theconversation.com/australia-stands-firm-behind-its-foreign-aid-in-the-budget-but-the-future-remains-precarious-253028

    MIL OSI AnalysisEveningReport.nz

  • MIL-Evening Report: Leak of US military plans on Signal is a classic case of ‘shadow IT’. It shows why security systems need to be easy to use

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Toby Murray, Professor of Cybersecurity, School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne

    Yesterday, The Atlantic magazine revealed an extraordinary national security blunder in the United States. Top US government officials had discussed plans for a bombing campaign in Yemen against Houthi rebels in a Signal group chat which inadvertently included The Atlantic’s editor in chief, Jeffrey Goldberg.

    This is hardly the first time senior US government officials have used non-approved systems to handle classified information. In 2009, the then US Secretary of State Hilary Clinton fatefully decided to accept the risk of storing her emails on a server in her basement because she preferred the convenience of accessing them using her personal BlackBerry.

    Much has been written about the unprecedented nature of this latest incident. Reporting has suggested the US officials involved may have also violated federal laws that require any communication, including text messages, about official acts to be properly preserved.

    But what can we learn from it to help us better understand how to design secure systems?

    A classic case of ‘shadow IT’

    Signal is regarded by many cybersecurity experts as one of the world’s most secure messaging apps. It has become an established part of many workplaces, including government.

    Even so, it should never be used to store and send classified information. Governments, including in the US, define strict rules for how national security classified information needs to be handled and secured. These rules prohibit the use of non-approved systems, including commercial messaging apps such as Signal plus cloud services such as Dropbox or OneDrive, for sending and storing classified data.

    The sharing of military plans on Signal is a classic case of what IT professionals call “shadow IT”.

    It refers to the all-too-common practice of employees setting up parallel IT infrastructure for business purposes without the approval of central IT administrators.

    This incident highlights the potential for shadow IT to create security risks.

    Government agencies and large organisations employ teams of cybersecurity professionals whose job it is to manage and secure the organisation’s IT infrastructure from cyber threats. At a minimum, these teams need to track what systems are being used to store sensitive information. Defending against sophisticated threats requires constant monitoring of IT systems.

    In this sense, shadow IT creates security blind spots: systems that adversaries can breach while going undetected, not least because the IT security team doesn’t even know these systems exist.

    It’s possible that part of the motivation for the US officials in question using shadow IT systems in this instance might have been avoiding the scrutiny and record-keeping requirements of the official channels. For example, some of the messages in the Signal group chat were set to disappear after one week, and some after four.

    However, we have known for at least a decade that employees also build shadow IT systems not because they are trying to weaken their organisation’s cybersecurity. Instead, a common motivation is that by using shadow IT systems many employees can get their work done faster than when using official, approved systems.

    Usability is key

    The latest incident highlights an important but often overlooked lesson in cybersecurity: whether a security system is easy to use has an outsized impact on the degree to which it helps improve security.

    To borrow from US Founding Father Benjamin Franklin, we might say that a system designer who prioritises security at the expense of usability will produce a system that is neither usable nor secure.

    The belief that to make a system more secure requires making it harder to use is as widespread as it is wrong. The best systems are the ones that are both highly secure and highly usable.

    The reason is simple: a system that is secure yet difficult to use securely will invariably be used insecurely, if at all. Anyone whose inbox auto-complete has caused them to send an email to the wrong person will understand this risk. It likely also explains how The Atlantic’s editor-in-chief might have been mistakenly added by US officials to the Signal group chat.

    While we cannot know for certain, reporting suggests Signal displayed the name of Jeffrey Goldberg to the chat group only as “JG”. Signal doesn’t make it easy to confirm the identity of someone in a group chat, except by their phone number or contact name.

    In this sense, Signal gives relatively few clues about the identities of people in chats. This makes it relatively easy to inadvertently add the wrong “JG” from one’s contact list to a group chat.

    Signal is one of the most secure messaging apps, but should never be used to store and send classified information.
    Ink Drop/Shutterstock

    A highly secure – and highly usable – system

    Fortunately, we can have our cake and eat it too. My own research shows how.

    In collaboration with Australia’s Defence Science and Technology Group, I helped develop what’s known as the Cross Domain Desktop Compositor. This device allows secure access to classified information while being easier to use than traditional solutions.

    It is easier to use because it allows users to connect to the internet. At the same time, it keeps sensitive data physically separate – and therefore secure – but allows it to be displayed alongside internet applications such as web browsers.

    One key to making this work was employing mathematical reasoning to prove the device’s software provided rock-solid security guarantees. This allowed us to marry the flexibility of software with the strong hardware-enforced security, without introducing additional vulnerability.

    Where to from here?

    Avoiding security incidents such as this one requires people following the rules to keep everyone secure. This is especially true when handling classified information, even if doing so requires more work than setting up shadow IT workarounds.

    In the meantime, we can avoid the need for people to work around the rules by focusing more research on how to make systems both secure and usable.

    Toby Murray receives funding from the Department of Defence. He is Director of the Defence Science Institute, which is funded by the Victorian, Tasmanian and Commonwealth Governments. He previously worked for the Department of Defence.

    ref. Leak of US military plans on Signal is a classic case of ‘shadow IT’. It shows why security systems need to be easy to use – https://theconversation.com/leak-of-us-military-plans-on-signal-is-a-classic-case-of-shadow-it-it-shows-why-security-systems-need-to-be-easy-to-use-253036

    MIL OSI AnalysisEveningReport.nz

  • MIL-Evening Report: What makes a good search engine? These 4 models can help you use search in the age of AI

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Simon Coghlan, Senior Lecturer in Digital Ethics, Centre for AI and Digital Ethics, School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne

    beast01/Shutterstock

    Every day, users ask search engines millions of questions. The information we receive can shape our opinions and behaviour.

    We are often not aware of their influence, but internet search tools sort and rank web content when responding to our queries. This can certainly help us learn more things. But search tools can also return low-quality information and even misinformation.

    Recently, large language models (LLMs) have entered the search scene. While LLMs are not search engines, commercial web search engines have started to include LLM-based artificial intelligence (AI) features into their products. Microsoft’s Copilot and Google’s Overviews are examples of this trend.

    AI-enhanced search is marketed as convenient. But, together with other changes in the nature of search over the last decades, it raises the question: what is a good search engine?

    Our new paper, published in AI and Ethics, explores this. To make the possibilities clearer, we imagine four search tool models: Customer Servant, Librarian, Journalist and Teacher. These models reflect design elements in search tools and are loosely based on matching human roles.

    The four models of search tools

    Customer Servant

    Workers in customer service give people the things they request. If someone asks for a “burger and fries”, they don’t query whether the request is good for the person, or whether they might really be after something else.

    The search model we call Customer Servant is somewhat like the first computer-aided information retrieval systems introduced in the 1950s. These returned sets of unranked documents matching a Boolean query – using simple logical rules to define relationships between keywords (e.g. “cats NOT dogs”).

    Librarian

    As the name suggests, this model somewhat resembles human librarians. Librarian also provides content that people request, but it doesn’t always take queries at face value.

    Instead, it aims for “relevance” by inferring user intentions from contextual information such as location, time or the history of user interactions. Classic web search engines of the late 1990s and early 2000s that rank results and provide a list of resources – think early Google – sit in this category.

    Librarians don’t just retrieve information, they strive for relevance.
    Tyler Olson/Shutterstock

    Journalist

    Journalists go beyond librarians. While often responding to what people want to know, journalists carefully curate that information, at times weeding out falsehoods and canvassing various public viewpoints.

    Journalists aim to make people better informed. The Journalist search model does something similar. It may customise the presentation of results by providing additional information, or by diversifying search results to give a more balanced list of viewpoints or perspectives.

    Teacher

    Human teachers, like journalists, aim at giving accurate information. However, they may exercise even more control: teachers may strenuously debunk erroneous information, while pointing learners to the very best expert sources, including lesser-known ones. They may even refuse to expand on claims they deem false or superficial.

    LLM-based conversational search systems such as Copilot or Gemini may play a roughly similar role. By providing a synthesised response to a prompt, they exercise more control over presented information than classic web search engines.

    They may also try to explicitly discredit problematic views on topics such as health, politics, the environment or history. They might reply with “I can’t promote misinformation” or “This topic requires nuance”. Some LLMs convey a strong “opinion” on what is genuine knowledge and what is unedifying.

    No search model is best

    We argue each search tool model has strengths and drawbacks.

    The Customer Servant is highly explainable: every result can be directly tied to keywords in your query. But this precision also limits the system, as it can’t grasp broader or deeper information needs beyond the exact terms used.

    The Librarian model uses additional signals like data about clicks to return content more aligned with what users are really looking for. The catch is these systems may introduce bias. Even with the best intentions, choices about relevance and data sources can reflect underlying value judgements.

    The Journalist model shifts the focus toward helping users understand topics, from science to world events, more fully. It aims to present factual information and various perspectives in balanced ways.

    This approach is especially useful in moments of crisis – like a global pandemic – where countering misinformation is critical. But there’s a trade-off: tweaking search results for social good raises concerns about user autonomy. It may feel paternalistic, and could open the door to broader content interventions.

    The Teacher model is even more interventionist. It guides users towards what it “judges” to be good information, while criticising or discouraging access to content it deems harmful or false. This can promote learning and critical thinking.

    But filtering or downranking content can also limit choice, and raises red flags if the “teacher” – whether algorithm or AI – is biased or simply wrong. Current language models often have built-in “guardrails” to align with human values, but these are imperfect. LLMs can also hallucinate plausible-sounding nonsense, or avoid offering perspectives we might actually want to hear.

    Staying vigilant is key

    We might prefer different models for different purposes. For example, since teacher-like LLMs synthesise and analyse vast amounts of web material, we may sometimes want their more opinionated perspective on a topic, such as on good books, world events or nutrition.

    Yet sometimes we may wish to explore specific and verifiable sources about a topic for ourselves. We may also prefer search tools to downrank some content – conspiracy theories, for example.

    LLMs make mistakes and can mislead with confidence. As these models become more central to search, we need to stay aware of their drawbacks, and demand transparency and accountability from tech companies on how information is delivered.

    Striking the right balance with search engine design and selection is no easy task. Too much control risks eroding individual choice and autonomy, while too little could leave harms unchecked.

    Our four ethical models offer a starting point for robust discussion. Further interdisciplinary research is crucial to define when and how search engines can be used ethically and responsibly.

    Damiano Spina has received funding from the Australian Research Council and is an Associate Investigator of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Automated Decision-Making and Society (ADM+S).

    Falk Scholer has received funding from the Australian Research Council and is an Associate Investigator of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Automated Decision-Making and Society (ADM+S).

    Hui Chia and Simon Coghlan do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. What makes a good search engine? These 4 models can help you use search in the age of AI – https://theconversation.com/what-makes-a-good-search-engine-these-4-models-can-help-you-use-search-in-the-age-of-ai-252927

    MIL OSI AnalysisEveningReport.nz

  • MIL-OSI China: More Cambodians enthusiastic about learning Chinese

    Source: China State Council Information Office 3

    Students learn Chinese language at the Confucius Institute of the Royal Academy of Cambodia in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, March 24, 2025. [Photo/Xinhua]

    Cambodian civil servant Long Meikim was all ears and took good notes when a Chinese teacher taught Chinese on Monday at the Confucius Institute of the Royal Academy of Cambodia.

    The 24-year-old employee at a state ministry in Phnom Penh said she was eager to master Chinese proficiency, as it would be helpful in her job and make it easy for her to communicate with Chinese people.

    Meikim is among hundreds of Cambodian students taking Chinese classes at the Confucius Institute of the Royal Academy of Cambodia. After learning Chinese for four months, she can now communicate in simple situations and understand some basic vocabulary and grammar.

    “The Chinese language has helped me a lot in my current job. Moreover, nowadays, many Chinese people have come to Cambodia,” she told Xinhua.

    Meikim said she really likes the Chinese language and culture, saying that learning Chinese would give her the possibility to gain insights into ancient and diverse cultures.

    “For China, I have never been there, but I’m impressed with its modern cities with skyscrapers and beautiful scenery,” she said. “The field that impressed me the most is technology. Technology in China is advanced.”

    Sharing her view on the current Cambodia-China ties, Meikim said cooperation in various sectors and cultural exchange has made the two countries’ relations get closer, as their “ironclad” friendship has been further strengthened.

    “I’m pleased to see excellent relations between Cambodia and China,” she said. “I hope China will increase its investment in Cambodia in order to help further boost Cambodia’s economic growth, and Chinese education will be further expanded.”

    Meikim said she has dreamed of studying in China since she was in high school, and she hopes that her dream will come true one day.

    Rorn Chanara, a 20-year-old learner of Chinese literature at the Confucius Institute of the Royal Academy of Cambodia, said the influx of Chinese investors, businesspeople, and tourists had motivated him to study Chinese.

    “I think the Chinese language is good and will be useful for me in the future, helping me communicate well with Chinese people and get a proper job with a high income,” he told Xinhua.

    As there are many reputable Chinese enterprises operating in the Southeast Asian country, Chanara hopes that he will become an interpreter for those companies in the future when he masters Chinese proficiency.

    “The Confucius Institute has greatly contributed to promoting good relations between Cambodian and Chinese people and providing Chinese education to students, allowing them to learn both Chinese literature and culture,” he said.

    Chanara praises China for its advanced technology, high development and good education system, saying he is also keen to study in China if possible.

    Niu Li, Chinese director of the Confucius Institute of the Royal Academy of Cambodia, said jointly founded by Jiujiang University in East China’s Jiangxi Province and the Royal Academy of Cambodia on Dec. 22, 2009, the institute has gradually developed into one of the largest and most influential Chinese education and cultural exchange institutions in Cambodia.

    “As the first Confucius Institute in Cambodia, the institute has always committed to promoting Chinese teaching, spreading Chinese culture and promoting cultural exchanges between China and Cambodia,” he told Xinhua.

    In the process of development in more than 10 years, it has continuously improved its teaching network, Niu said, adding that it has now covered several provinces and cities in Cambodia, with Confucius classrooms, Chinese language centers and university Chinese departments in Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, and Sihanoukville among others.

    “Our goal is to provide high-quality Chinese education to government officials, military personnel and learners from all walks of life,” he said. “The total number of registered students exceeds 130,000, and the number of people studying Chinese at the institute each year exceeds 8,000.”

    MIL OSI China News

  • MIL-Evening Report: How Netflix has shaped (and shattered) our content landscape over the past decade – and what comes next

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Alexa Scarlata, Research Fellow, Media & Communication, RMIT University

    Shutterstock

    To mark 10 years since Netflix began operating in Australia, we and our colleagues at the Streaming Industries and Genres Network have published a report that looks at the state of Australia’s streaming industry today – and back at the platforms that have failed over the years.

    It once seemed like Netflix was the be-all and end-all of streaming in Australia. But a decade of competition with other streamers, and stress on local content, paint a very different picture.

    The streaming wars rage on

    Australia’s “streaming wars” kicked off in early 2015 with the arrival of Stan and Netflix, joining smaller players already on the scene. At the time, some industry insiders predicted the new streaming video-on-demand services would quickly consolidate – that there was room for only two major players: Netflix and one other.

    These early assumptions were proven wrong. Instead, Australia has sustained numerous streamers of different sizes, audiences and ownership. The larger, more generalist services such as Netflix, Prime Video and Disney+ compete directly with each other for exclusive content.

    Other niche genre players such as Shudder (horror) and Hayu (reality TV) have managed to stay afloat by catering to a specific audience segment and keeping their prices low.

    There have also been a few fatalities along the way. Quickflix and Presto were early to the market. Both services had gained considerable ground by 2014, with Quicklix leading the way. But they were eventually viewed as sluggish and limited in comparison to Netflix.

    Netflix always on top

    Netflix has always been the most popular streaming service in Australia. One million users had access to the platform within just three months of its arrival in 2015.

    In 2020, analytics firm Ampere Analysis identified Australia as the most highly-penetrated Netflix market in the world, then available in 63% of Australian homes, compared to 50% in the United States.

    In the first half of 2024, it was used by 67% of Australian adults, including some 800,000 people with an ad-tier subscription.

    The global behemoth has produced some notable local titles.

    In January of last year, the series adaptation of Boy Swallows Universe became Netflix’s most successful Australian-made show in its first two weeks on the platform.

    Later in April, the second season of the Heartbreak High reboot debuted at number one in Australia and stayed on the Global Top 10 English TV Series list for three consecutive weeks.




    Read more:
    Streaming, surveillance and the power of suggestion: the hidden cost of 10 years of Netflix


    Collectively, Netflix, Prime Video, Disney+, Paramount+ and Stan spent A$225.2 million on 55 commissioned or co-commissioned Australian programs in the 2023–24 financial year.

    That said, their commitment to the local production sector over the last decade has been limited, as they have no obligation to invest in local content.

    A lack of regulation decimates local genres

    The lack of streaming regulation in Australia, alongside the gradual watering-down of commercial broadcaster obligations, has resulted in the collapse of investment in local content.

    Children’s TV, documentary, drama TV programming and Australian film have all suffered as a result.

    The introduction of multi-national streamers has radically shifted financing practices in Australia, leaving our production sector in distress.

    Last year, we partnered with ACMI to pull together a symposium where streaming industry insiders discussed the deeper implications of streaming on local genres, as well as the opportunities and challenges ahead.

    We heard from Andy Barclay, manager of business and legal affairs at Screen Producer Australia, who said the traditional “jigsaw puzzle” of finance planning based on international territories was all but gone in favour of major streamers offering full funding and “a little premium” upfront.

    But this comes at a cost, as the streamers then control global distribution and hold a tight grip on viewership data. It also means local production can become beholden to the whims of US business interests. As Barclay explain:

    These huge [streaming] companies, their Australian businesses […] we don’t drive their business decisions. It’s what happens over in the United States that drives their business decisions.

    Nonetheless, having fresh, cash-rich and risk-taking players in the Australian content market has led to opportunities for some local creators.

    As Sam Lingham of Australian comedy group Aunty Donna remarked on the same panel:

    Netflix, creatively, were pretty hands-off. We pitched them the show and they were like, ‘yeah, go do that’.

    What’s on the horizon?

    The streaming sector in Australia is now poised to splinter even further.

    Warner Bros Discovery will launch its streaming platform, Max, next week. It will be a real blow to the Foxtel-owned streamer, Binge, which has long touted its exclusive rights to much of the Warner catalogue.

    There are also concerns about the access and affordability of sport. This year, a new AFL broadcast agreement with Fox Sports and Channel Seven saw Saturday night games move behind a paywall. People will now need Kayo Sports or Foxtel to watch these games live.

    Big streamers have also entered the fray. Back in 2016, Netflix said it had no intention of investing in live sport. But we’re now seeing it and other players such as Prime Video, Apple TV+ and YouTube buy into sports rights around the world.

    According to Free TV Chief Executive Bridget Fair

    we saw it [in 2023] with Amazon hoovering up the whole of the World Cup cricket and it’s going to keep happening […] people who previously got a lot of stuff for free are going to have to start paying.

    Finally, many streamers – Netflix, Binge, Prime Video and Stan – have introduced or announced that they will introduce ad-tier subscriptions. Streamers can expect to see better profit margins on their advertising-supported offerings, compared to the monthly subscription model.

    Cheaper, ad-supported subscriptions may prove to be a popular option for viewers stacking multiple subscriptions. Already, 800,000 Australians have signed up to Netflix’s A$7.99 + ads option. But this does make for a disrupted, broadcast-like viewing experience (and one you still have to pay for).

    As the last 10 years of streaming in Australia has shown, the future can be hard to predict when it comes to new players entering established markets. One thing seems certain though – Netflix is here to stay.

    The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. How Netflix has shaped (and shattered) our content landscape over the past decade – and what comes next – https://theconversation.com/how-netflix-has-shaped-and-shattered-our-content-landscape-over-the-past-decade-and-what-comes-next-251471

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  • MIL-Evening Report: PNG’s Marape and NZ’s Luxon sign new partnership marking 50 years

    RNZ News

    The prime ministers of New Zealand and Papua New Guinea have signed a new statement of partnership marking 50 years of bilateral relations between the two countries.

    The document — which focuses on education, trade, security, agriculture and fisheries — was signed by Christopher Luxon and James Marape at the Beehive in Wellington last night.

    It will govern the relationship between the two countries through until 2029 and replaces the last agreement signed by Marape in 2021 with then-Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern.

    Marking the signing, Luxon announced $1 million would be allocated in response to Papua New Guinea’s aspirations to strengthen public sector institutions.

    “That funding will be able to support initiatives like strengthen cooperation between disaster preparedness institutions and also exchanging expertise in the governance of state owned enterprises in particular,” Luxon said.

    In his response Marape acknowledged the long enduring relationship between the government and peoples of New Zealand and Papua New Guinea.

    He said the new statement of partnership was an important blueprint on how the two countries would progress their relationship into the future.

    “Papua New Guinea brings to the table, as far as our relationship is concerned, our close proximity to Asia. We straddle the Pacific and Southeast Asia, we have an affinity to as much as our own affinity with our relations in the Pacific,” Marape said.

    “Our dual presence at APEC continues to ring [sic] home the fact that we belong to a family of nations and we work back to back on many fronts.”

    Meeting Peters
    Today, Marape will meet with Foreign Affairs Minister Winston Peters and leader of the opposition Chris Hipkins.

    Later in the week, Marape is scheduled to travel to Hamilton where he will meet with the NZ Papua New Guinea Business Council and with Papua New Guinea scholarship recipients at Waikato University.

    James Marape is accompanied by his spouse Rachael Marape and a ministerial delegation including Foreign Minister Justin Tkatchenko, Trade Minister Richard Maru, Minister for Livestock Seki Agisa and Higher Education Minister Kinoka Feo.

    This is Marape’s first official visit to New Zealand following his re-election as prime minister in the last national elections in 2022.

    According to the PNG government, the visit signals a growing relationship between the two countries, especially in trade and investment, cultural exchange, and the newly-added Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) scheme that New Zealand has extended to Papua New Guineans to work in Aotearoa.

    This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ.

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  • MIL-Evening Report: Budget delivers cheaper medicines and more bulk billing but leaves out long-term health reform

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Henry Cutler, Professor and Director, Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie University

    Less than two months from an election, the Albanese government last night presented a budget that aims to swing the voting pendulum its way.

    Headline health expenditure includes:

    • $8.5 billion to encourage more GP bulk billing and to train doctors and nurses
    • $1.7 billion to help public hospitals reduce their waiting lists
    • $644 million to establish 50 more urgent care clinics
    • $689 million to reduce the price of prescriptions to $25 for non-concessional patients
    • $793 million for women’s health, to provide greater access to contraception, treatment for urinary tract infections and greater access to perimenopause and menopause care.

    These announcements were already strategically made over the past month to maximise media coverage and build election momentum.

    Australians want more access to affordable health care – and the budget delivers this for many. But it doesn’t push the process of health reform forward, which is needed to secure the health system’s long-term sustainability.

    How does this compare to previous health budgets?

    While the budget contains large health expenditure items, a significant amount was not strictly new funding, but already provided for by the government.

    Consequently, the budget only allocates an additional $7.7 billion to health compared to actual spending for 2024-25.

    This increase aligns with steady long-term spending trends from previous years. It reflects a 6.6% increase in nominal spending (when inflation is included), but only a 3.9% increase in real spending (when inflation is taken out).

    Actual and estimated expenditure from the health portfolio

    Health spending as a proportion of the budget is reducing.
    Treasury

    The proportion of the budget spent on health could be considered historically low, projected to be 15.9% for 2025-26.

    It’s unclear whether Australians want more of the budget allocated to health, but there is certainly a need for greater investment.

    Will this health budget improve Australians’ health?

    The Albanese government is trying to kill three birds with one stone with this health budget. It wants to reduce the cost of living, improve health outcomes, and win an election.

    Keeping the cost of living down and improving health services are the top two most important issues for this election. Headline health announcements directly address these two issues.

    However, they also deliver a political benefit by shifting the media spotlight away from Opposition leader Peter Dutton. He was unable to legitimately counter attack headline health announcements given his unpopularity when he was a health minister. Instead, he promised to match some health announcements if elected.

    Increasing bulk-billing rates and reducing prescription prices will directly reduce out-of-pocket costs for many Australians. This will mostly be for people without a concession card.

    Increasing access to urgent care clinics will also help reduce cost of living pressures because they deliver services free of charge.

    Making health care cheaper for patients will also improve health outcomes. Many Australians sometimes choose not to access health care because of its cost, which can lead to worse health outcomes and expensive hospital care.

    The magnitude of any health improvement will depend on how patients respond to cheaper health care.

    More health benefit will go to patients who start seeing their GP rather than staying at home and trying to manage their condition themselves.

    The health benefit will be less for patients who start seeing their GP instead of an emergency department or urgent care clinic, because they are substituting one place of care for another.

    Is this good health policy?

    There is an “opportunity cost” every time the government spends money. Using the health budget to reduce the cost of living means less money to improve the health system elsewhere.

    In that context, this health budget has missed an opportunity to build a more sustainable health system.

    Medicare is not the best way to fund community care from GPs, nurses and allied health providers. It imposes barriers to establishing seamless multidisciplinary team-based care. These include restricting the types of services non-GP clinicians deliver, and not funding enough care coordination. People with chronic disease, such as diabetes and heart disease, often fall through the cracks and become sicker.

    A review of general practice incentives submitted to the health department last year recommended transition towards new funding models. This could include funding models that pay for a bundle of services delivered together as a team, rather than a fee for every service delivered by each team member.

    But payment reform is extremely hard. Medicare has not substantially changed since 1984 when it was first introduced.

    Given this budget allocated $7.9 billion to increase bulk billing alone, and $2.4 billion ongoing, this budget has a missed opportunity to start the payment reform process. This extra funding will reinforce current payment structures, and could have been used as leverage to get GPs over the line on reforming Medicare.

    The government also missed an opportunity to start reforming the health workforce. An independent review, also submitted last year, sought to improve access to primary care, improve care quality, and improve workforce productivity.

    It outlined 18 recommendations, including payment reform, to remove barriers to increase access to care delivered by multidisciplinary teams of doctors, nurses and allied health providers such as psychologists and physiotherapists.

    Again, there was nothing in this budget to suggest this will be pursued in 2025-26.

    What happens next?

    What next usually depends on which party wins the election.

    In this case, Dutton has agreed to match the health budget spending on bulk billing and price reductions for PBS scripts. But the Coalition has not committed to 50 more urgent care clinics.

    Whichever party wins, there is an urgent need to substantially reform health care if our health system is to remain one of the world’s best.




    Read more:
    At a glance: the 2025 federal budget


    Henry Cutler was a member of the Expert Advisory Panel that delivered its final review of general practice incentives mentioned in this article. He received remuneration from the Department of Health and Aged Care for this role.

    ref. Budget delivers cheaper medicines and more bulk billing but leaves out long-term health reform – https://theconversation.com/budget-delivers-cheaper-medicines-and-more-bulk-billing-but-leaves-out-long-term-health-reform-251921

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  • MIL-Evening Report: What works to prevent violence against women? Here’s what the evidence says

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Kristin Diemer, Associate Professor of Sociology, The University of Melbourne

    Journalist and activist Jess Hill’s Quarterly Essay argues Australia’s primary prevention framework to end violence against women isn’t working.

    Hill says the framework focuses too much on addressing gender inequality and changing attitudes, while overlooking crucial opportunities to address drivers of violence such as child maltreatment, alcohol and gambling.

    So what does the evidence say works to prevent violence against women?

    Australia’s plan to reduce and prevent violence

    The World Health Organisation RESPECT framework guides most global intervention programs and includes seven specific strategies to prevent violence against women:

    • Relationship skills strengthening
    • Empowerment of women
    • Services ensured
    • Poverty reduced
    • Environments (schools, workplaces, public spaces) made safe
    • Child and adolescent abuse prevented
    • Transformed attitudes, beliefs and norms.

    These are embedded in the 12 actions of Australia’s prevention framework, called Change the Story, but are not explicitly listed.

    The RESPECT strategies are also included in Australia’s National Plan to End Violence against Women and Children 2022-2032.

    Interventions are usually separated into three complementary, but overlapping approaches: primary (prevention), secondary (early intervention) and tertiary (responses).

    Primary prevention in Change the Story is aimed at addressing the underlying drivers of violence before it occurs. But most interventions have dual purposes of reducing or preventing current and future violence, as we transform into a violence-free community.

    Australia’s national plan includes reducing the harmful use of alcohol, support for children to live free from violence, holding perpetrators to account, changing the law, and promoting gender equality in public and private lives.

    Together, these strategies chip away at harmful underlying attitudes that drive domestic violence.

    Australia’s strategy for preventing violence against women includes holding perpetrators to account.
    Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock

    What does the evidence say works?

    Systematic reviews of interventions to prevent or reduce violence against women and girls find that sufficient investment into the right programs can address the core drivers of violence and lead to a significant reduction and prevention of violence.

    The reviews identify that most successful interventions do not typically separate out prevention from early intervention and response. They focus on gender dynamics, power and control, and locally relevant social structures that disempower women and girls.

    The global program What Works to Prevent Violence against Women and Girls, for example, reviewed 96 evaluations of interventions. Of these, seven interventions had positive effects across all three domains of responding to, reducing and preventing domestic violence.

    None of the effective interventions were the same, but they had common features.

    One of the common indicators of success was that they addressed multiple drivers of violence while being relevant to what was important in the participants’ lives, such as an intervention to reduce HIV or couples counselling. These two interventions were designed to challenge gender inequity and the use of violence, while empowering couples with improved communications skills.

    Effective interventions also commonly included support for survivors, for things such as mental health support, safe spaces, empowerment activities and mediation skills.

    Effective interventions incldue support for survivors and empowerment activites.
    Oleg Elkov/Shutterstock

    Equally important was including work with perpetrators or key influencers, such as other family members or local leaders. One example developed in Tajikistan involved in-laws, which enabled young women to attend and implement ideas from the program into their family life.

    The final two key components of successful interventions were related to implementation of the programs: having the ability to deliver the program with sufficient, well-trained and supported staff, and for a length of time allowing reflection and learning through experience.

    The Transforming Masculinities program in the Democratic Republic of Congo promoted gender equality and positive masculinity within faith communities. Careful selection of staff and volunteers was crucial to the intervention’s success.

    Effective interventions were delivered over 15 to 30 months. They included a combination of community activities and weekly workshops, allowing facilitators to build on content from previous sessions.

    Putting this all together, the most effective programs were rigorously planned and suitable to the client group. They focused on multiple core drivers of violence against women and girls. They worked with perpetrators and community influencers. They also worked with and supported survivors.

    Elements which prevented programs from being effective included short-term or inadequate funding, and a lack of sufficient planning to ensure the intervention was adapted to the client’s context.

    We have clear evidence about they types of programs that can prevent and reduce violence against women and girls, both internationally and in Australia. We also have service providers and program leaders who have been sharing evidence with governments for more than five decades. What we need now is the will and commitment for intensive programming.




    Read more:
    Despite some key milestones since 2000, Australia still has a long way to go on gender equality


    Kristin Diemer has received funding from the Australian Research Council, ANROWS, the Department of Social Services, the Victorian Government and is on the Advisory Group for the Australian National Community Attitudes towards Violence against Women Survey.

    ref. What works to prevent violence against women? Here’s what the evidence says – https://theconversation.com/what-works-to-prevent-violence-against-women-heres-what-the-evidence-says-252873

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