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Category: Middle East

  • MIL-OSI USA: FALQs: The 80th Anniversary of the Arab League

    Source: US Global Legal Monitor

    The following is a guest post by George Sadek, a senior foreign law specialist at the Law Library of Congress covering covering laws of Arabic-speaking countries and Islamic law. George has written numerous posts for In Custodia Legis, including the New Multinational Report on the Acquisition of Citizenship through International Adoption, FALQS: Qatar’s New Counterterrorism Law, and FALQ: Saudi Arabia Imposes Enhanced Penalties on Violators of Hajj Regulation. This post is part of our Frequently Asked Legal Questions series. 

    The Arab League, also known as the League of Arab States, was formed in Cairo on March 22, 1945, initially with seven members: Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen. This year (2025), it celebrates its 80th anniversary. I thought this occasion would be a good opportunity to address the purpose of the Arab League, its members, its headquarters, Secretary General, and charter.

    Who are the members of the Arab League?

    The Arab league has 22 members. In addition to the founding members listed above, the members include Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, the Palestinian Authority, Qatar, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, and United Arab Emirates.

    What is the purpose of the Arab League?

    The main purpose of the Arab League is to enhance cooperation among Arab countries. For instance, in April 1950, members of the Arab League signed a joined defense agreement among themselves. Additionally, in April 1983, members of the Arab League signed the Riyadh Arab Agreement for judicial cooperation.

    Article 3 of the charter of the Arab League provides that the league assists member states to cooperate in the following matters:

    1-Economic and financial affairs, including commercial relations, customs, currency and questions of agriculture and industry;

    2-Communications, railroads, roads, aviation, navigation, and telegraphs;

    3-Cultural affairs;

    4- Passports, visas, execution of judgments, and extradition of criminals;

    5-Social and health affairs.

    Who is the current secretary general of the Arab League?

    Ahmed Aboul Gheit is the current secretary general of the Arab League. He assumed this position in July 2016. He is the former minister of foreign affairs of the Arab Republic of Egypt from between 2004 and 2011.

    Where is the Arab League headquarters located?

    According to article 10 of the charter of the Arab League, the headquarters of the Arab League is in Cairo, Egypt. However, there has been a recent debate among Arab countries as to whether the headquarters should moved to Saudi Arabia or Qatar.

    Where can I find additional resources?

    For legal developments taking place in countries that are members of the Arab League, please consult the Law Library resource, the Global Legal Monitor.

    If you have a question regarding laws of Arab countries, you can also submit it using the  Ask a Librarian form on our website.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI: Pillar Security Uncovers Novel Attack Vector That Embeds Malicious Backdoors in Model Files on Hugging Face

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    TEL EVIV, Israel, July 09, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Pillar Security, a leading company in AI security, discovered a novel supply chain attack vector that targets the AI inference pipeline. This novel technique, termed “Poisoned GGUF Templates,” allows attackers to embed malicious instructions that are processed alongside legitimate inputs, compromising AI outputs.

    The vulnerability affects the widely used GGUF (GPT-Generated Unified Format), a standard for AI deployment with over 1.5 million files distributed on public platforms like Hugging Face. By manipulating these templates, which define the conversational structure for an LLM, attackers can create a persistent compromise that affects every user interaction while remaining invisible to both users and security systems.

    “We’re still in the early days of understanding the full range of AI supply chain security considerations,” said Ziv Karliner, CTO and Co-founder of Pillar Security. “Our research shows how the trust that powers platforms and open-source communities—while essential to AI progress—can also open the door to deeply embedded threats. As the AI ecosystem matures, we must rethink how AI assets are vetted, shared, and secured.”

    How the “Poisoned GGUF Template” Attack Works

    This attack vector exploits the trust placed in community-sourced AI models and the platforms that host them. The mechanism allows for a stealthy, persistent compromise:

    • Attackers embed malicious, conditional instructions directly within a GGUF file’s chat template, a component that formats conversations for the AI model.
    • The poisoned model is uploaded to a public repository. Attackers can exploit the platform’s UI to display a clean template online while the actual downloaded file contains the malicious version, bypassing standard reviews.
    • The malicious instructions lie dormant until specific user prompts trigger them, at which point the model generates a compromised output.

    “What makes this attack so effective is the disconnect between what’s shown in the repository interface and what’s actually running on users’ machines,” added Pillar’s Ariel Fogel, who led the research. “It remains undetected by casual testing and most security tools.”

    The AI Inference Pipeline: A New Attack Surface

    The “Poisoned GGUF Templates” attack targets a critical blind spot in current AI security architectures. Most security solutions focus on validating user inputs and filtering model outputs, but this attack occurs in the unmonitored space between them.

    Because the malicious instructions are processed within the trusted inference environment, the attack evades existing defenses like system prompts and runtime monitoring. An attacker no longer needs to bypass the front door with a clever prompt; they can build a backdoor directly into the model file. This capability redefines the AI supply chain as a primary vector for compromise, where a single poisoned model can be integrated into thousands of downstream applications.

    Responsible Disclosure

    Pillar Security followed a responsible disclosure process, sharing its findings with vendors, including Hugging Face and LM Studio, in June 2025. The responses indicated that the platforms do not currently classify this as a direct platform vulnerability, placing the responsibility of vetting models on users. This stance highlights a significant accountability gap in the AI ecosystem.

    Mitigation Strategies

    The primary defense against this attack vector is the direct inspection of GGUF files to identify chat templates containing uncommon or non-standard instructions. Security teams should immediately:

    • Audit GGUF Files: Deploy practical inspection techniques to examine GGUF files for suspicious template patterns. Look for unexpected conditional logic (if/else statements), hidden instructions, or other manipulations that deviate from standard chat formats.
    • Move Beyond Prompt-Based Controls: This attack fundamentally challenges current AI security assumptions. Organizations must evolve beyond a reliance on system prompts and input/output filtering toward comprehensive template and processing pipeline security.
    • Implement Provenance and Signing: A critical long-term strategy is to establish model provenance. This can include developing template allowlisting systems to ensure only verified templates are used in production.

    The Pillar platform discovers and flags malicious GGUF files and other types of risks in the template layer.

    Read the full report: https://www.pillar.security/blog/llm-backdoors-at-the-inference-level-the-threat-of-poisoned-templates

    About Pillar Security

    Pillar Security is a leading AI-security platform, providing companies full visibility and control to build and run secure AI systems. Founded by experts in offensive and defensive cybersecurity, Pillar secures the entire AI lifecycle – from development to deployment – through AI Discovery, AI Security Posture Management (AI-SPM), AI Red Teaming, and Adaptive Runtime Guardrails. Pillar empowers organizations to prevent data leakage, neutralize AI-specific threats, and comply with evolving regulations.

    Contact person:

    Hadar Yakir
    info@pillar.security

    A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/d767a026-13f9-419d-827f-7ade3b92a24d

    The MIL Network –

  • MIL-OSI Analysis: Trump administration’s lie detector campaign against leakers is unlikely to succeed and could divert energy from national security priorities

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Brian O’Neill, Professor of Practice, International Affairs, Georgia Institute of Technology

    The Department of Homeland Security and FBI are reportedly using polygraphs aggressively to identify dissenters. standret/Getty Images

    The Trump administration has recently directed that a new wave of polygraphs be administered across the executive branch, aimed at uncovering leaks to the press.

    As someone who has taken roughly a dozen polygraphs during my 27-year career with the CIA, I read this development with some skepticism.

    Polygraphs carry an ominous, almost mythological reputation among Americans. The more familiar and unofficial term – lie detector tests – likely fuels that perception. Television crime dramas have done their part, too, often portraying the device as an oracle for uncovering the truth when conventional methods fail.

    In those portrayals, the polygraph is not merely a tool – it’s a window into the soul.

    Among those entering government service, especially in national security, the greater anxiety is not the background check but passing the polygraph. My advice is always the same: Don’t lie.

    It’s the best – and perhaps only – guidance for a process that most assessments have concluded is a more subjective interpretation than empirical science.

    Why the polygraph persists

    Polygraphs are “pseudo-scientific” in that they measure physiological responses such as heart rate, blood pressure and perspiration. The assumption is that liars betray themselves through spikes in those signals. But this presumes a kind of psychological transparency that simply doesn’t hold up. A person might sweat and tremble simply from fear, anger or frustration – not deceit.

    There also are no specific physiological reactions associated with lying. The National Academy of Sciences in 2003, and the American Psychological Association in a 2004 review, concluded that the polygraph rests more on theater than fact. Recent assessments, published in 2019, have reached the same conclusion.

    Accordingly, polygraph results are not generally admissible in U.S. courts. Only a handful of states – such as Georgia, Arizona and California – permit their use even under limited conditions. And they typically require that both parties agree to admission and a judge to approve it. Unconditional admissibility remains the exception, not the rule.

    And yet, inside many national security agencies, polygraphs remain central to the clearance process – a fact I observed firsthand during my time overseeing personnel vetting and analytic hiring within the intelligence community.

    While not treated as conclusive, polygraph results often serve as a filter. A candidate’s visible discomfort – or the examiner’s subjective judgment that a response seems evasive – can stall or end the hiring process. For instance, I know that government agencies have halted clearances after an examiner flagged elevated reactions to questions about past drug use or foreign contacts, even when no disqualifying behavior was ultimately documented.

    The FBI’s J. Edgar Hoover headquarters building in Washington in 2016.
    AP Photo/Cliff Owen

    In some cases, an examiner’s suggestion that a chart shows an anomaly has led otherwise strong applicants to volunteer details they hadn’t planned to share – such as minor security infractions, undeclared relationships, or casual drug use from decades earlier – that, while not disqualifying on their own, reshape how their trustworthiness is perceived.

    The polygraph’s power lies in creating the conditions under which deception is confessed.

    A predictable pattern

    No administration has been immune to the impulse to investigate leaks. The reflex is bipartisan and familiar: An embarrassing disclosure appears in the press – contradicting official statements or exposing internal dissent – and the White House vows to identify and punish the source. Polygraphs are often part of this ritual.

    During his first term, Trump intensified efforts to expose internal dissent and media leaks. Department guidelines were revised to make it easier for agencies to obtain journalists’ phone and email records, and polygraphs were reportedly used to pressure officials suspected of talking to the press. That trend has continued – and, in some areas, escalated.

    Recent policies at the Pentagon now restrict unescorted press access, revoke office space for major outlets and favor ideologically aligned networks. The line between legitimate leak prevention and the surveillance or sidelining of critical press coverage has grown increasingly blurred.

    At agencies such as the Department of Homeland Security and the FBI, polygraphs are reportedly being used more frequently – and more punitively – to identify internal dissenters. Even “cold cases,” such as the leak of the Supreme Court’s Dobbs opinion ahead of its overturning of Roe v. Wade, have been reopened, despite prior investigations yielding no definitive source.

    Government reaction varies

    Not all leaks are treated the same. Disclosures that align with official narratives or offer strategic advantage may be quietly tolerated, even if unauthorized. Others, especially those that embarrass senior officials or reveal dysfunction, are more likely to prompt formal investigation.

    In 2003, for example, the leak of CIA officer Valerie Plame’s identity – widely seen as retaliation for her husband’s criticism of the Iraq War – triggered a federal investigation. The disclosure embarrassed senior officials, led to White House aide Scooter Libby’s conviction for perjury, later commuted, and drew intense political scrutiny.

    Lewis Libby, Vice President Dick Cheney’s chief of staff, rides in the backseat of a limousine on Oct. 27, 2005, in McLean, Va.
    Win McNamee/Getty Images

    Leaks involving classified material draw the sharpest response when they challenge presidential authority or expose internal disputes. That was the case in 2010 with Chelsea Manning, whose disclosure of diplomatic cables and battlefield reports embarrassed senior officials and sparked global backlash. Government reaction often depends less on what was disclosed than on who disclosed it – and to what effect.

    A narrow set of disclosures, such as those involving espionage or operational compromise, elicit broad consensus as grounds for prosecution. But most leaks fall outside that category. Most investigations fade quietly. The public rarely learns what became of them. Occasionally, there is a vague resignation, but direct accountability is rare.

    What the future holds

    Trump’s polygraph campaign is not likely to eliminate leaks to the press. But they may have a chilling effect that discourages internal candor while diverting investigative energy away from core security priorities.

    Even if such campaigns succeed in reducing unauthorized disclosures, they may come at the cost of institutional resilience. Historically, aggressive internal enforcement has been associated with declining morale and reduced information flow – factors that can hinder adaptation to complex threats.

    Some researchers have suggested that artificial intelligence may eventually offer reliable tools for detecting deception. One recent assessment raised the possibility, while cautioning that the technology is nowhere near operational readiness.

    For now, institutions will have to contend with the tools they have – imperfect, imprecise and more performative than predictive.

    As a former US intelligence officer, I am required to submit any written draft, before sharing it with other persons, for prepublication review. I submitted this draft to CIA’s Prepublication Review Board, which responded on 11 June: “No classified information was identified. Therefore, no changes are required for publication or sharing with others.”

    – ref. Trump administration’s lie detector campaign against leakers is unlikely to succeed and could divert energy from national security priorities – https://theconversation.com/trump-administrations-lie-detector-campaign-against-leakers-is-unlikely-to-succeed-and-could-divert-energy-from-national-security-priorities-259128

    MIL OSI Analysis –

  • MIL-OSI: Little Pepe Surges Past $4.5M as Stage 4 Presale Ends Successfully and Stage 5 Begins

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    DUBAI, United Arab Emirates, July 09, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Little Pepe ($LILPEPE) continues to make waves in the crypto market, officially closing Stage 4 of its presale with a remarkable $4.5 million raised in total. With each stage gaining more traction than the last, the project has now entered Stage 5, pricing its native token at $0.0014.

    The latest milestone makes Little Pepe’s position as one of the most talked-about meme coins of 2025—one that’s backed by real technological innovation.

    Little Pepe — A Meme Coin with Real Tech Power

    Little Pepe is redefining what a meme coin may be by blending cultural hype with serious blockchain generation. At the heart of the project is the Little Pepe Chain, a custom-constructed, Ethereum-based Layer 2 community engineered for speed, scalability, and low costs. This infrastructure allows both customers and investors to transact at high volumes without being laid low with the delays and high gas fees that regularly plague Ethereum’s mainnet.

    By integrating a lightning-speedy EVM Layer 2 protocol, Little Pepe positions itself as greater than only a viral sensation—it turns into a next-generation meme coin built to serve the evolving needs of crypto in 2025. It captures the energy of the meme culture while providing real, scalable infrastructure that helps long-term utility and adoption.

    LILPEPE Ecosystem

    Fueling the ecosystem is the $LILPEPE token, an ERC-20 asset that powers every transaction on the Little Pepe Chain. It’s the utility token at the heart of the project—responsible for gas fees, network operations, and the growing economic activity tied to the Little Pepe movement. With each presale round, demand for the token increases, supported by strong community growth and rising interest from retail investors.

    As Little Pepe continues to expand its presence across social platforms, $LILPEPE is evolving into more than a meme—it’s becoming a recognized asset with long-term potential.

    Stage 5 Now Live at $0.0014

    Following the successful completion of Stage 4, the Stage 5 of the $LILPEPE presale is now officially going on. Priced at $0.0014, $LILPEPE is available exclusively through the official website: littlepepe.com. With earlier phases filling rapidly, many investors are moving quickly to secure their allocation before the next price jump.

    Each presale stage marks a strategic step forward in the project’s roadmap, increasing not only token value but also anticipation for future exchange listings and ecosystem development.

    The Rise of Meme Coins with Utility

    In 2025, meme coins are entering a new phase—one where community appeal must be matched by real-world utility and scalability. Little Pepe exemplifies this evolution. By blending cultural branding with a fully operational Layer 2 blockchain, it stands out as a project that delivers on both hype and infrastructure. As other tokens fade after initial virality, $LILPEPE is building the tools and foundations to remain relevant far beyond its presale stages.

    With $4.5 million raised, a live Stage 5 presale, and an innovative EVM Layer 2 backbone, Little Pepe is proving it’s more than just another meme coin. It’s a high-potential crypto ecosystem built for today’s demands and tomorrow’s growth. As the presale continues, early adopters have a rare opportunity to be part of what could be the most iconic meme coin launch of the year.

    About Little Pepe

    Little Pepe is a next-gen Layer 2 blockchain designed to merge meme culture with high-speed, low-cost decentralized infrastructure. Built for scalability, security, and accessibility, Little Pepe supports EVM-compatible applications and is powered by means of the $LILPEPE token. The project’s mission is to create a meme coin environment wherein utility meets virality, empowering users through cutting-edge technology and lightning-fast transactions.

    For more information:
    Website: https://littlepepe.com/
    Telegram: https://t.me/littlepepetoken
    Twitter: https://x.com/littlepepetoken

    Contact Details: COO- James Stephen Email: media@littlepepe.com

    Disclaimer: This content is provided by Little Pepe. The statements, views, and opinions expressed in this content are solely those of the content provider and do not necessarily reflect the views of this media platform or its publisher. We do not endorse, verify, or guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of any information presented. We do not guarantee any claims, statements, or promises made in this article. This content is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial, investment, or trading advice.Investing in crypto and mining-related opportunities involves significant risks, including the potential loss of capital. It is possible to lose all your capital. These products may not be suitable for everyone, and you should ensure that you understand the risks involved. Seek independent advice if necessary. Speculate only with funds that you can afford to lose. Readers are strongly encouraged to conduct their own research and consult with a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions. However, due to the inherently speculative nature of the blockchain sector—including cryptocurrency, NFTs, and mining—complete accuracy cannot always be guaranteed.Neither the media platform nor the publisher shall be held responsible for any fraudulent activities, misrepresentations, or financial losses arising from the content of this press release. In the event of any legal claims or charges against this article, we accept no liability or responsibility.Globenewswire does not endorse any content on this page.

    Legal Disclaimer: This media platform provides the content of this article on an “as-is” basis, without any warranties or representations of any kind, express or implied. We assume no responsibility for any inaccuracies, errors, or omissions. We do not assume any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information presented herein. Any concerns, complaints, or copyright issues related to this article should be directed to the content provider mentioned above.

    A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/b64e458b-ff9e-43ae-a170-9b19ffb4096b

    The MIL Network –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: China, Egypt Should Deepen Strategic Coordination for Common Interests: Chinese Premier

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: People’s Republic of China in Russian – People’s Republic of China in Russian –

    An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    CAIRO, July 9 (Xinhua) — China and Egypt, as important members of the Global South, should further strengthen strategic coordination to safeguard common interests, Chinese Premier Li Qiang said on Wednesday upon his arrival in Cairo for an official visit to Egypt at the invitation of his Egyptian counterpart Mostafa Madbouly.

    Noting that China and Egypt are ancient civilizations, the Chinese premier said that since the establishment of diplomatic ties nearly 70 years ago, the two countries have remained close friends who support each other and strategic partners with a shared destiny.

    In recent years, under the strategic leadership of Chinese President Xi Jinping and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, China-Egypt relations have flourished, their traditional friendship has become stronger over time, political mutual trust has deepened, practical cooperation has yielded fruitful results, and multilateral coordination has become increasingly close and effective, he said.

    According to Li Qiang, the two countries have created a model of solidarity, unity, self-reliance, mutual benefit and mutual support for major developing countries.

    He noted that last year, the two heads of state met twice and reached an important consensus on advancing the construction of a China-Egypt community with a shared future in the new era, which opened up new opportunities for bilateral relations.

    As global changes accelerate unseen in a century and various challenges emerge, China and Egypt, as key members of the Global South, should also jointly promote peace and prosperity, the Chinese premier said.

    Li Qiang noted that China is willing to work with Egypt to deepen cooperation in all fields under the strategic leadership of the two heads of state, continuously enrich the content of the China-Egypt comprehensive strategic partnership, give strong impetus to development and national revival, and actively promote regional and global peace and stability.

    The Egyptian prime minister and senior government officials met Li Qiang at the airport and held a welcoming ceremony in his honor. Before arriving in Egypt, the Chinese premier attended the 17th BRICS summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. –0–

    Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    .

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI: Gilat Awarded Over $22 Million in Orders from Tier One Satellite Operators

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    PETAH TIKVA, Israel, July 09, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. (NASDAQ: GILT, TASE: GILT), a worldwide leader in satellite networking technology, solutions and services, today announced that its Commercial Division has received over $22 million in orders from leading satellite operators around the world. The orders are scheduled for delivery over the next 12 months.

    These new orders reflect Gilat’s growing role in enabling advanced connectivity across GEO, MEO, and LEO constellations, supporting a diverse set of applications with particular traction in the rapidly growing In-Flight Connectivity (IFC) market. The demand highlights satellite operators’ trust in Gilat’s field-proven products and solutions, designed to deliver the performance and scalability required for next-generation satellite networks.

    From ground segment infrastructure and system management to specialized solutions for mobility and broadband services, Gilat’s comprehensive offerings help operators drive value and performance across their networks.

    “Our ongoing partnership with leading satellite operators underscores Gilat’s critical role in the evolution of satellite connectivity,” said Ron Levin, President of Gilat’s Commercial Division. “These new orders demonstrate confidence in our capabilities to support large-scale, high-performance deployments while reinforcing our position as a key enabler across all orbital architectures.”

    Gilat continues to deliver innovation across its multi-orbit portfolio, empowering satellite operators to meet the growing global demand for broadband, mobility, and enterprise connectivity.

    About Gilat

    Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. (NASDAQ: GILT, TASE: GILT) is a leading global provider of satellite-based broadband communications. With over 35 years of experience, we develop and deliver deep technology solutions for satellite, ground, and new space connectivity, offering next-generation solutions and services for critical connectivity across commercial and defense applications. We believe in the right of all people to be connected and are united in our resolution to provide communication solutions to all reaches of the world.

    Together with our wholly owned subsidiaries—Gilat Wavestream, Gilat DataPath, and Gilat Stellar Blu—we offer integrated, high-value solutions supporting multi-orbit constellations, Very High Throughput Satellites (VHTS), and Software-Defined Satellites (SDS) via our Commercial and Defense Divisions. Our comprehensive portfolio is comprised of a cloud-based platform and modems; high-performance satellite terminals; advanced Satellite On-the-Move (SOTM) antennas and ESAs; highly efficient, high-power Solid State Power Amplifiers (SSPA) and Block Upconverters (BUC) and includes integrated ground systems for commercial and defense markets, field services, network management software, and cybersecurity services.

    Gilat’s products and tailored solutions support multiple applications including government and defense, IFC and mobility, broadband access, cellular backhaul, enterprise, aerospace, broadcast, and critical infrastructure clients all while meeting the most stringent service level requirements. For more information, please visit: http://www.gilat.com

    Certain statements made herein that are not historical are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words “estimate”, “project”, “intend”, “expect”, “believe” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Many factors could cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Gilat to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements that may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, including, among others, changes in general economic and business conditions, inability to maintain market acceptance to Gilat’s products, inability to timely develop and introduce new technologies, products and applications, rapid changes in the market for Gilat’s products, loss of market share and pressure on prices resulting from competition, introduction of competing products by other companies, inability to manage growth and expansion, loss of key OEM partners, inability to attract and retain qualified personnel, inability to protect the Company’s proprietary technology and risks associated with Gilat’s international operations and its location in Israel, including those related to Israel’s preemptive strike against Iran’s nuclear project and the continued hostilities between Israel and Iran, and the hostilities between Israel and Hamas. For additional information regarding these and other risks and uncertainties associated with Gilat’s business, reference is made to Gilat’s reports filed from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements for any reason.

    Contact:

    Gilat Satellite Networks
    Hagay Katz, Chief Product and Marketing Officer
    hagayk@gilat.com

    Alliance Advisors:
    GilatIR@allianceadvisors.com
    Phone: +1 212 838 3777

    The MIL Network –

  • MIL-OSI NGOs: Syria: President Al-Sharaa must publish full investigation into civilian killings 

    Source: Amnesty International –

    Ahead of the submission of findings by the fact-finding committee, established on 9 March 2025 to investigate the killings of civilians on Syria’s northwest coast, to President Ahmad al-Sharaa, Kristine Beckerle, Amnesty International’s Deputy Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa said: 

    President al-Sharaa must commit to publishing the full findings of the fact-finding committee’s investigation into the mass killings targeting Alawite civilians in coastal areas and ensure that those responsible are brought to justice.

    Kristine Beckerle, Amnesty International’s Deputy Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa.

    “President al-Sharaa must commit to publishing the full findings of the fact-finding committee’s investigation into the mass killings targeting Alawite civilians in coastal areas and ensure that those responsible are brought to justice. Victims and the public have the right to be informed of the methodology used in this process and the committee’s conclusions.  

    “Survivors and the families of victims have the right to know what happened, who was responsible, and what concrete steps the authorities will take to deliver justice. Only independent and impartial investigations can lead to credible and fair trials. The President must also ensure that effective reparations are provided to survivors and affected families.  

    “Following the massacre, the President pledged to hold perpetrators accountable ‘with all fairness and without leniency.’ Now is the moment to fulfil that promise and demonstrate to the Syrian people that the authorities are committed to preventing communities from being targeted on the basis of religion or political affiliation and to bring to court those who commit targeted killings. Ensuring truth, justice, and reparation for the violations committed against Alawite communities and other minorities is an essential part of ending impunity and preventing further abuse.” 

    Background:  

    On 6 March 2025, armed groups affiliated with the former government led by President Bashar al-Assad launched multiple coordinated attacks on security and military sites in the coastal governorates of Latakia and Tartous. In response, the Ministry of Defense and Ministry of Interior, backed by supporting militias, launched a counteroffensive, leading to a significant escalation of violence.  

    In April 2025, Amnesty International called on the authorities to investigate the killing of hundreds of civilians in the coastal area as war crimes. Militias affiliated with the government, killed more than 100 people in the coastal city of Banias alone on 8 and 9 March 2025. The organization investigated 32 of the killings, and concluded that they were deliberate, unlawful, and specifically targeted the Alawite minority sect. 

    In June 2025, Reuters reported that around 1,500 Alawites had been killed, in 40 distinct sites, during the violence.   

    MIL OSI NGO –

  • MIL-OSI Africa: Home Affairs to submit ‘Digital ID’ policy to Cabinet for approval

    Source: Government of South Africa

    Home Affairs to submit ‘Digital ID’ policy to Cabinet for approval

    Minister of Home Affairs Leon Schreiber says government is laying the foundation for an ambitious plan to create South Africa’s first ever Digital ID system.

    “Home Affairs will shortly submit a Digital ID policy to Cabinet for approval to conduct public hearings. Beyond the material benefits, such as clamping down on fraud and enhancing inclusion, the Digital ID system will also restore the integrity and pride of our cherished South African identity,” said the Minister.

    He was delivering the department’s Budget Vote in Parliament on Tuesday.

    Schreiber said the department plans to deliver digital versions of enabling documents that can be accessed online and on smart devices.

    “[The] Digital ID will also enable users to remotely authenticate themselves, laying the foundation for a digital revolution not only for government services, but also for critical private sector services like banking, finance and insurance.”

    The Minister said government was committed to the digital transformation of the department – called Home Affairs @ home.

    “We call this vision Home Affairs @ home… Our goal is nothing less than revolutionising the way citizens interact with their government by moving from manual to digital,” said the Minister.

    He said building a new reform model – based on decentralisation, modernisation, digital transformation and remote access – will “restore the hope that South Africa as a whole can work”.

    The constant investments being made in the reform of Home Affairs, the Border Management Authority and Government Printing Works, is starting to compound and grow.

    “During the past year, we have delivered nearly 3.6 million Smart IDs – almost half a million more than the previous annual record. We cleared a visa backlog of over 306 000 applications dating back over a decade.

    “We deported over 46 000 illegal immigrants, the highest number in five years and more than countries like France and Germany combined. We used drones and body cameras to increase the number of attempted illegal crossings that were detected and prevented by up to 215%.

    “We empowered naturalised citizens and permanent residents to obtain Smart IDs for the first time, expanding inclusion and making our country less reliant on the green ID book that is 500% more vulnerable to fraud than the Smart ID.

    “If this is just some of what Home Affairs could do in one year. Just imagine what we can do in five,” said Schreiber.

    Now that the department is enabling all qualifying categories of persons to obtain Smart IDs, “the next step will be to dramatically scale up access to this critical and more-secure enabling document”.

    In line with the Medium-Term Development Plan adopted by Cabinet, the department will do so by expanding the successful pilot project that currently delivers Smart ID and passport services in about 30 bank branches across the country.

    “We will use digital transformation to integrate the Home Affairs IT platform onto banks’ networks, thereby enabling many more bank branches to deliver this service around the country.

    “Our target for this financial year is to expand this service to at least 100 more branches.”

    This same technology reform will enable South Africans to order Smart IDs and passports through their banking app, just like they already when buying electricity or data.

    The department will further introduce the option of home delivery for Smart IDs and passports, using advanced facial recognition technology to secure the process.

    “Through scaling up the existing collaboration with banks, we will rapidly accelerate access to Smart IDs with the goal of ending the production of new Green ID books by the end of this year.

    “This will be a momentous step towards delivering dignity for all, while simultaneously clamping down on fraud,” said the Minister.

    He announced that, by the end of this month, Home Affairs will launch new facilities abroad to assist South Africans living and working overseas. These new facilities will ensure a five-week turnaround time for IDs and passports.

    “We are starting in Australia, New Zealand and the United Arab Emirates, followed by France, Germany and The Netherlands later this year, and North America in the new year.”

    He said the ultimate aim is to deliver “Home Affairs @ home”, which will enable every South African, no matter where they are in the world, to obtain services from their government online. – SAnews.gov.za

    Janine

    MIL OSI Africa –

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Answer to a written question – Impact of Israeli colonial exploitation and extractivism on Palestinian agriculture – E-002150/2025(ASW)

    Source: European Parliament

    The EU has been consistently clear in its position that settlements are illegal under international law and has repeatedly condemned Israel’s settlement policy and the occupation of the Palestinian territory that began in 1967.

    EU positions and policies are fully aligned on the United Nations resolutions regarding the status of the o ccupied Palestinian territory (OPT)[1] and are overall consistent with the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice of 19 July 2024[2] as regards the duty of non-recognition, the duty to distinguish in the dealings with Israel between its territory and the OP T , and the duty of non-assistance .

    The EU differentiation policy implies that goods, including agricultural products, originating from Israeli settlements in occupied territories since June 1967 do not fall within the scope of the EU-Israel Association Agreement[3] and therefore cannot benefit from trade preferences under the Agreement.

    Moreover, in 2015, the Commission adopted an Interpretative Notice to provide guidance on the labelling of goods, including agricultural products, from Israeli settlements in the OP T and how the existing legislation on labelling should be applied[4]. The approach of the Interpretative Notice was confirmed by a judgment of the Court of Justice of the EU in 2019[5]. Official controls on the labelling of imported goods are primarily the responsibility of Member States, in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/625 on official controls on the agri-food chain[6].

    • [1] https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/ltd/n24/266/48/pdf/n2426648.pdf.
    • [2] Advisory Opinion of 19 July 2024 , https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/186/186-20240719-adv-01-00-en.pdf.
    • [3] https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:411c0668-144d-44a1-a5e3-dd2342f7a5b5.0017.02/DOC_1&format=PDF.
    • [4] https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52015XC1112(01).
    • [5] Judgment of 12 November 2019, Organisation juive européenne and Vignoble Psagot Ltd v Ministre de l’Économie et des Finances, C 363/18, EU:C:2019:954, https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf;jsessionid=A16C97FD2EEC535918F5478A663AC7D6?text=&docid=220534&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=8005913.
    • [6] https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/625/oj.
    Last updated: 9 July 2025

    MIL OSI Europe News –

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Written question – Exchange of information on the extradition of, and arrest warrant for, Martin Weiss, Jan Marsalek’s alleged accomplice – E-002658/2025

    Source: European Parliament

    Question for written answer  E-002658/2025
    to the Commission
    Rule 144
    Fabio De Masi (NI)

    Has the Commission exchanged information with Europol, Interpol, EU Member States or the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on extradition requests or arrest warrants regarding Martin Weiss – the UAE-based alleged accomplice in the escape of former Wirecard manager Jan Marsalek, who is wanted by Interpol – against whom an arrest warrant has been issued in Austria and who was able to leave the country without hindrance after being questioned by the German public prosecutor’s office?

    Submitted: 1.7.2025

    Last updated: 9 July 2025

    MIL OSI Europe News –

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Highlights – The Danish Ministers are presenting their priorities in LIBE – Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs

    Source: European Parliament

    Danish Presidency © Adobe stock footage

    Under the slogan ‘A Strong Europe in a Changing World’, the Danish Presidency has two overarching priorities: a secure Europe and a competitive and green Europe.

    These two goals appear across most of its sectoral work, including in the areas falling within the remit of LIBE. Denmark assumed the rotating presidency of the EU Council on 1 July 2025, for the eighth time since its accession to the EU. It took over from Poland and will hand over to Cyprus, the three countries forming a presidency trio.

    The Danish Ministers will present these priorities to the LIBE Committee on 15 July 2025, starting at 14:30.

    MIL OSI Europe News –

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Oral question – Access to baby formula in Gaza – O-000023/2025

    Source: European Parliament

    Question for oral answer  O-000023/2025
    to the Commission
    Rule 142
    Lynn Boylan (The Left), Kathleen Funchion (The Left), Barry Andrews (Renew), Jonas Sjöstedt (The Left), Daniel Attard (S&D), Maria Ohisalo (Verts/ALE), Leoluca Orlando (Verts/ALE), Mélissa Camara (Verts/ALE), Mounir Satouri (Verts/ALE), Cecilia Strada (S&D), Mimmo Lucano (The Left), Rudi Kennes (The Left), Irene Montero (The Left), Leila Chaibi (The Left), Nikos Pappas (The Left), Anthony Smith (The Left), Ana Miranda Paz (Verts/ALE), Benedetta Scuderi (Verts/ALE), Saskia Bricmont (Verts/ALE), Jaume Asens Llodrà (Verts/ALE), Catarina Martins (The Left), Manon Aubry (The Left), Maria Walsh (PPE), Merja Kyllönen (The Left), Estrella Galán (The Left), Matjaž Nemec (S&D), Irena Joveva (Renew), Danilo Della Valle (The Left), Thomas Bajada (S&D), Dario Tamburrano (The Left), Gaetano Pedulla’ (The Left), Michael McNamara (Renew), Rima Hassan (The Left), Cynthia Ní Mhurchú (Renew), Carolina Morace (The Left), Evin Incir (S&D), Aodhán Ó Ríordáin (S&D), Hanna Gedin (The Left), Arash Saeidi (The Left), Giuseppe Antoci (The Left), Nina Carberry (PPE), Seán Kelly (PPE), Barry Cowen (Renew)

    Since the start of Israel’s latest blockade of Gaza on 2 March 2025, the humanitarian crisis has worsened to unprecedented levels. According to the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), the entire population of Gaza is facing high levels of acute food insecurity. Between mid-March and mid-July, in the most likely scenario, half of the population of the Gaza Strip (1.11 million people) is expected to face catastrophic conditions (IPC Phase 5), the most severe level in the IPC Acute Food Insecurity scale.

    In recent weeks, it has become clear that the availability of baby formula is severely limited in Gaza and that babies are starving due to the lack of formula and the malnutrition of their mothers, who are unable to breastfeed. Without access to breast milk or formula, babies are starved, leaving them more vulnerable to illness and to organ failure.

    Will the Commission:

    • 1.utilise every mechanism available to force Israel to end its illegal blockade and bombardment of Gaza?
    • 2.develop a specific mechanism to support humanitarian assistance for children and their mothers, including nutritional and child development support?
    • 3.seek to ensure that Israel is held accountable, before the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court, for its deliberate starvation of children?

    Submitted: 7.7.2025

    Lapses: 8.10.2025

    MIL OSI Europe News –

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Answer to a written question – EU response to the Israeli Government’s announcement of 22 new illegal settlements in the occupied West Bank – P-002180/2025(ASW)

    Source: European Parliament

    The EU condemns the Israeli government’s decisions to further expand illegal settlements across the occupied West Bank and urges Israel to reverse these decisions[1]. In line with the EU’s commitment to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334 and recalling that settlements are illegal under international law, constitute an obstacle to peace and threaten to make a two-state solution impossible, the EU reiterates its strong opposition to Israel’s settlement policy and actions taken in this context.

    In its Advisory Opinion of 19 July 2024, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) concluded, inter alia, that the State of Israel is under an obligation to cease immediately all new settlement activities, and to evacuate all settlers from the Occupied Palestinian Territory. The EU urges Israel to implement orders of the ICJ.

    In light of the untenable situation in Gaza due to the humanitarian blockade, and the deteriorating situation in the occupied West Bank, the High Representative/Vice-President has launched a review of Israel’s compliance with Article 2 of the EU-Israel Association Agreement[2]. Based on the review, it will be decided what further action, if any, to take.

    • [1] https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/qa3lblga/euco-conclusions-27062024-en.pdf.
    • [2] https://eeas.europa.eu/archives/delegations/israel/documents/eu_israel/asso_agree_en.pdf.
    Last updated: 9 July 2025

    MIL OSI Europe News –

  • MIL-OSI Africa: New Forest Standard for Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to leverage responsible forest management

    Source: APO

    The DRC could soon unlock access to global markets for certified forest products and increase the value of verified ecosystem services impact, especially carbon, water, biodiversity, recreation, and culture, with the new FSC Forest Stewardship Standard (FSS) (www.Africa.FSC.org) for the DRC.  The standard promotes responsible forest management through FSC certification. It would not only strengthen the conservation of DRC’s rich biodiversity but also contribute to reducing the increasing illegal logging driving deforestation in the Democratic Republic of Congo and help the country meet its climate target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 21% by 2030. By conforming to the standard’s requirements, forest managers can increase the benefits they generate from the forest resources they manage. FSC certification is a core stepping stone to align with the European Union (EU) Regulation on Deforestation-free Products (EUDR), a legislation requiring companies to ensure their products are not linked to deforestation. Once stakeholders utilize the FSC certification system in the DRC, this alignment allows their forest products to compete in the growing market for sustainably sourced forest products.

    DRC boasts over 155 million hectares (67% of DRC’s total area and 60% of the Congo Basin’s Forest area), representing 18% of the world’s tropical forests and storing around 8% of the world’s forest carbon. These forests, which are mainly comprised of equatorial rainforests, dry forests, swamp forests, and mountain forests, are home to incredibly rich biodiversity with over 23 million hectares of protected areas and play a crucial socio-economic role for over 40 million people.

    So far, over 6 million hectares of forest in the Congo Basin have been certified as sustainably managed under FSC certification (which represents roughly 12% of exploitable forests estimated at 47.5 million ha by OFAC). Different studies demonstrate that FSC-certified forests in the Congo Basin help protect large mammals and critically endangered species, such as gorillas and elephants. Embracing the new FSC standard for DRC offers an excellent opportunity for the sustainable management and protection of these high conservation value forest areas, promoting long-term environmental sustainability.

    This could create a pathway for the DRC government, the private sector, and development partners to unlock the potential of the country’s forest sector.

    The development process of this FSS began in 2015 with the creation of a chamber-balanced standard development group in the DRC. The standard development group developed the national standard following a multi-stakeholder engagement process with companies, NGOs, civil society organizations, and social stakeholders, including representatives of Indigenous Peoples and local communities. The new Standard was subjected to field testing and stakeholder involvement to ensure its applicability in the country, address concerns, give equal opportunities for feedback, and foster consensus from economic, environmental, and social perspectives to ensure sustainability.

    The standard will provide independent evidence of responsible forest management and promote continuous improvement in addressing key issues like maintaining intact forest landscapes, preserving the country’s biodiversity, and protecting the rights of local communities, Indigenous, and Traditional Peoples.

    For any queries on the standard, please get in touch with Pepe DUNGU, FSC Standard Development Group Coordinator, DRC. email address: pepedungu@gmail.com

    The FSS for the Democratic Republic of Congo (English and French versions) can be consulted in the FSC Document Center (https://apo-opa.co/4lFUjo3).

    Visit FSC Africa website (https://apo-opa.co/46Ab93t) for more related news.

    Links to some news feeds on the standard development process:

    Meeting to finalize FSC standard concludes in DR Congo (https://apo-opa.co/44BEub1)

    Relaunch of the National Forest Stewardship Standard development process in the Democratic Republic of Congo (https://apo-opa.co/3GDzyul)

    “After a long development process, the DRC has received approval of its FSC certification standard. This is a strong signal and an unforgettable achievement in the history of forest management in our country.

    This tool will serve as a lever to ensure the sustainable management of our forests, guaranteeing high production and opening up to more profitable timber and carbon markets. The momentum of forest certification in the DRC is aligned with the vision of the forest regime at a time when the country is developing its first-ever forest policy, which will lead to the revision of the Forest Code and its implementing measures. 

    We commend the efforts made by the FSC Policy Manager in Africa, as well as all the members of the Standard Development Group (SDG-DRC) since the beginning of the process.” 

    (Pepe DUNGU, DRC Standard Development Group Chairperson).

    Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Forest Stewardship Council.

    Media contacts:
    Israel Bionyi
    Senior Regional Communications Manager
    FSC Africa
    i.bionyi@fsc.org

    FSC Africa
    www.Africa.FSC.org
    T: +49 (0) 228 367 66 0 
    F: +49 (0) 228 367 66 65 

    Media files

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    MIL OSI Africa –

  • MIL-OSI China: China, Egypt should deepen strategic coordination for shared interests — Chinese premier

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    Chinese Premier Li Qiang said in Cairo on Wednesday that China and Egypt, as important members of the Global South, should further strengthen strategic coordination to safeguard their common interests.

    Li made the remarks after landing in the Egyptian capital for an official visit to the Middle East country.

    MIL OSI China News –

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Lord Mayor of Leeds honours the sacrifices of First World War Leeds Pals

    Source: City of Leeds

    The Lord Mayor of Leeds paid tribute to the sacrifices of the First World War Leeds Pals battalion on Sunday (July 6 2025) at a wreath-laying ceremony to commemorate the start of the Battle of the Somme.

    Councillor Dan Cohen, the Lord Mayor of Leeds, together with the Lord Mayor’s Chaplain, Rabbi Anthony Gilbert, who was acting as consort for the day, attended the remembrance event at the Leeds Pals memorial to mark the sacrifices of the servicemen who died at the Somme in 1916.

    The Leeds Pals memorial, located at Colsterdale near Ripon, was erected in 1934 in recognition of the survivors, relatives and friends of the 15th Battalion West Yorkshire (Leeds Pals), and marks the site of the battalion’s first camp in September 1914. 

    The upkeep of the memorial is funded by Leeds City Council and the Lord Mayor of Leeds is annually invited to lay a wreath at a service organised by the Royal British Legion. This year’s service was led by Father David Pickett, Leeds Royal British Legion Group Chaplain.

    The First World War pals were specially constituted battalions of the British Army comprising men who enlisted together in local recruiting drives, with the promise that they would be able to serve alongside their friends, neighbours and colleagues. 

    The Leeds Pals, officially known as the 15th Battalion (1st Leeds), The Prince of Wales’s Own (West Yorkshire Regiment), was formed in the city from September 1914. Landing in France in March 1916, following service in Egypt, the battalion was thrown into action from the first day of the Battle of the Somme on July 1, 1916, sustaining 528 casualties within minutes of zero hour. 

    Rabbi Anthony Gilbert, The Lord Mayor’s Chaplain, was especially honoured and touched to be in attendance, saying: “My own great uncle was one of those valiant warriors who fell in battle at the young age of 21 with so many others who hailed from the Leylands.”

    The Lord Mayor of Leeds, Councillor Dan Cohen, said: “It is so important that, as Lord Mayor, I make this journey, as have previous Lord Mayors, to lay a wreath and remember the service and sacrifice of these young Leeds men, who made the ultimate sacrifice in service of their country. 

    “As the years pass it is all too easy to overlook this chapter of history – but each year we renew a pledge that we must stand by … we will remember them.”

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: More than 2,600 Afghan refugee families returned home on Tuesday

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: People’s Republic of China in Russian – People’s Republic of China in Russian –

    An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    KABUL, July 9 (Xinhua) — More than 2,600 Afghan refugee families returned to their homeland on Tuesday, the state-run Bakhtar News Agency reported on Wednesday.

    According to him, 2,604 refugee families returned to Afghanistan on Tuesday. 98 of them arrived from Pakistan, and another 2,506 from Iran.

    All returnees received the necessary assistance from the interim government of Afghanistan at checkpoints, the statement said. –0–

    Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    .

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Youth Exchange Event “Future of the Silk Road” Kicks Off in Beijing

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: People’s Republic of China in Russian – People’s Republic of China in Russian –

    An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    BEIJING, July 9 (Xinhua) — A youth exchange event titled “Future of the Silk Road” kicked off in the Chinese capital recently, leading news platform chinanewes.com.cn reported Tuesday.

    It is reportedly organized by the Soong Ching Ling Foundation of China. More than 80 teenagers and representatives of cooperating institutions from 12 countries, such as Russia, Armenia, Uzbekistan, Gambia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Oman, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Spain and Thailand, were invited to the opening ceremony.

    From July 6 to 12, they will also go on a sightseeing tour titled “Building the Silk Road of Dreams, Moving Hand in Hand into the Future” to Beijing and Shaanxi Province, where they will conduct exchanges with their Chinese peers.

    According to Zhang Ziming, vice chairman of the Soong Ching Ling Foundation of China, the event aims to create a platform for contact and interaction among young people from different parts of the world, as well as strengthen mutual understanding and friendship among them.

    He expressed hope that through this event, young people from all over the world will gain more experience, communicate more and think more, establish deep friendships, get acquainted with the unique cultures of various civilizations, preserve and transmit the spirit of the Great Silk Road, so that with the energy of youth, hand in hand, they can promote the formation of a community with a common destiny for mankind.

    The participants of the event noted that this trip is a valuable opportunity to deeply understand Chinese culture and Chinese wisdom, and also expressed hope for strengthening mutual understanding and friendship during the event. -0-

    Please note: This information is raw content obtained directly from the source of the information. It is an accurate report of what the source claims and does not necessarily reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    .

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Minutes – Tuesday, 8 July 2025 – Strasbourg – Final edition

    Source: European Parliament 2

    Present:

    Aaltola Mika, Abadía Jover Maravillas, Adamowicz Magdalena, Aftias Georgios, Agirregoitia Martínez Oihane, Agius Peter, Agius Saliba Alex, Alexandraki Galato, Allione Grégory, Al-Sahlani Abir, Anadiotis Nikolaos, Anderson Christine, Andresen Rasmus, Andrews Barry, Andriukaitis Vytenis Povilas, Androuët Mathilde, Angel Marc, Annemans Gerolf, Annunziata Lucia, Antoci Giuseppe, Arias Echeverría Pablo, Arłukowicz Bartosz, Arnaoutoglou Sakis, Arndt Anja, Arvanitis Konstantinos, Asens Llodrà Jaume, Assis Francisco, Attard Daniel, Aubry Manon, Auštrevičius Petras, Axinia Adrian-George, Azmani Malik, Bajada Thomas, Baljeu Jeannette, Ballarín Cereza Laura, Bardella Jordan, Barley Katarina, Barna Dan, Barrena Arza Pernando, Bartulica Stephen Nikola, Bartůšek Nikola, Bausemer Arno, Bay Nicolas, Bay Christophe, Beke Wouter, Beleris Fredis, Bellamy François-Xavier, Benifei Brando, Benjumea Benjumea Isabel, Beňová Monika, Bentele Hildegard, Berendsen Tom, Berger Stefan, Berg Sibylle, Berlato Sergio, Bernhuber Alexander, Biedroń Robert, Bielan Adam, Bischoff Gabriele, Blaha Ľuboš, Blinkevičiūtė Vilija, Blom Rachel, Bloss Michael, Bocheński Tobiasz, Boeselager Damian, Bogdan Ioan-Rareş, Bonaccini Stefano, Bonte Barbara, Borchia Paolo, Borrás Pabón Mireia, Borvendég Zsuzsanna, Borzan Biljana, Bosanac Gordan, Boßdorf Irmhild, Bosse Stine, Botenga Marc, Boyer Gilles, Boylan Lynn, Brandstätter Helmut, Brasier-Clain Marie-Luce, Braun Grzegorz, Brejza Krzysztof, Bricmont Saskia, Brnjac Nikolina, Brudziński Joachim Stanisław, Bryłka Anna, Buchheit Markus, Buczek Tomasz, Buda Daniel, Buda Waldemar, Bugalho Sebastião, Buła Andrzej, Bullmann Udo, Buxadé Villalba Jorge, Bystron Petr, Bžoch Jaroslav, Camara Mélissa, Canfin Pascal, Carberry Nina, Cârciu Gheorghe, Carême Damien, Casa David, Caspary Daniel, Cassart Benoit, Castillo Laurent, del Castillo Vera Pilar, Cavazzini Anna, Cavedagna Stefano, Ceccardi Susanna, Cepeda José, Ceulemans Estelle, Chahim Mohammed, Chaibi Leila, Chastel Olivier, Chinnici Caterina, Christensen Asger, Ciccioli Carlo, Cifrová Ostrihoňová Veronika, Ciriani Alessandro, Cisint Anna Maria, Clausen Per, Clergeau Christophe, Cormand David, Corrado Annalisa, Costanzo Vivien, Cotrim De Figueiredo João, Cowen Barry, Cremer Tobias, Crespo Díaz Carmen, Cristea Andi, Crosetto Giovanni, Cunha Paulo, Dahl Henrik, Danielsson Johan, Dauchy Marie, Dávid Dóra, Decaro Antonio, de la Hoz Quintano Raúl, Della Valle Danilo, Deloge Valérie, De Masi Fabio, De Meo Salvatore, Demirel Özlem, Deutsch Tamás, Dibrani Adnan, Diepeveen Ton, Dieringer Elisabeth, Dîncu Vasile, Di Rupo Elio, Disdier Mélanie, Dobrev Klára, Doherty Regina, Doleschal Christian, Dömötör Csaba, Do Nascimento Cabral Paulo, Donazzan Elena, Dorfmann Herbert, Dostalova Klara, Dostál Ondřej, Droese Siegbert Frank, Düpont Lena, Dworczyk Michał, Ecke Matthias, Ehler Christian, Ehlers Marieke, Eriksson Sofie, Erixon Dick, Eroglu Engin, Estaràs Ferragut Rosa, Everding Sebastian, Ezcurra Almansa Alma, Falcă Gheorghe, Falcone Marco, Farantouris Nikolas, Farreng Laurence, Farský Jan, Ferber Markus, Ferenc Viktória, Fernández Jonás, Fidanza Carlo, Fiocchi Pietro, Firmenich Ruth, Fita Claire, Flanagan Luke Ming, Fourlas Loucas, Fourreau Emma, Fragkos Emmanouil, Freund Daniel, Frigout Anne-Sophie, Fritzon Heléne, Froelich Tomasz, Fuglsang Niels, Funchion Kathleen, Furet Angéline, Furore Mario, Gahler Michael, Gál Kinga, Galán Estrella, Gálvez Lina, Gambino Alberico, García Hermida-Van Der Walle Raquel, Garraud Jean-Paul, Gasiuk-Pihowicz Kamila, Geadi Geadis, Gedin Hanna, Geese Alexandra, Geier Jens, Geisel Thomas, Gemma Chiara, Georgiou Giorgos, Gerbrandy Gerben-Jan, Germain Jean-Marc, Gerzsenyi Gabriella, Geuking Niels, Gieseke Jens, Giménez Larraz Borja, Girauta Vidal Juan Carlos, Glavak Sunčana, Glück Andreas, Glucksmann Raphaël, Goerens Charles, Gomart Christophe, Gomes Isilda, Gómez López Sandra, Gonçalves Bruno, González Casares Nicolás, González Pons Esteban, Gori Giorgio, Gosiewska Małgorzata, Gotink Dirk, Gozi Sandro, Grapini Maria, Gražulis Petras, Gregorová Markéta, Grims Branko, Griset Catherine, Gronkiewicz-Waltz Hanna, Groothuis Bart, Grossmann Elisabeth, Grudler Christophe, Gualmini Elisabetta, Guarda Cristina, Guetta Bernard, Guzenina Maria, Győri Enikő, Gyürk András, Hadjipantela Michalis, Hahn Svenja, Haider Roman, Halicki Andrzej, Hansen Niels Flemming, Hassan Rima, Hauser Gerald, Häusling Martin, Hava Mircea-Gheorghe, Heide Hannes, Heinäluoma Eero, Henriksson Anna-Maja, Herbst Niclas, Herranz García Esther, Hetman Krzysztof, Hojsík Martin, Holmgren Pär, Hölvényi György, Homs Ginel Alicia, Humberto Sérgio, Ijabs Ivars, Imart Céline, Incir Evin, Inselvini Paolo, Iovanovici Şoşoacă Diana, Jamet France, Jarubas Adam, Jerković Romana, Jongen Marc, Joński Dariusz, Joron Virginie, Jouvet Pierre, Joveva Irena, Juknevičienė Rasa, Junco García Nora, Jungbluth Alexander, Kabilov Taner, Kalfon François, Kaliňák Erik, Kaljurand Marina, Kalniete Sandra, Kamiński Mariusz, Kanev Radan, Kanko Assita, Karlsbro Karin, Kartheiser Fernand, Karvašová Ľubica, Katainen Elsi, Kefalogiannis Emmanouil, Kelleher Billy, Keller Fabienne, Kelly Seán, Kemp Martine, Kennes Rudi, Khan Mary, Kircher Sophia, Knafo Sarah, Knotek Ondřej, Kobosko Michał, Köhler Stefan, Kohut Łukasz, Kokalari Arba, Kolář Ondřej, Kollár Kinga, Kols Rihards, Konečná Kateřina, Kopacz Ewa, Körner Moritz, Kountoura Elena, Kovatchev Andrey, Krištopans Vilis, Kruis Sebastian, Krutílek Ondřej, Kubín Tomáš, Kuhnke Alice, Kulja András Tivadar, Kulmuni Katri, Kyllönen Merja, Kyuchyuk Ilhan, Lagodinsky Sergey, Lakos Eszter, Lalucq Aurore, Lange Bernd, Langensiepen Katrin, Laššáková Judita, László András, Latinopoulou Afroditi, Laurent Murielle, Laureti Camilla, Laykova Rada, Lazarov Ilia, Lazarus Luis-Vicențiu, Le Callennec Isabelle, Leggeri Fabrice, Lenaers Jeroen, Leonardelli Julien, Lewandowski Janusz, Lexmann Miriam, Liese Peter, Lins Norbert, Loiseau Nathalie, Løkkegaard Morten, Lopatka Reinhold, López Javi, López Aguilar Juan Fernando, López-Istúriz White Antonio, Lövin Isabella, Lucano Mimmo, Luena César, Łukacijewska Elżbieta Katarzyna, Lupo Giuseppe, McAllister David, Madison Jaak, Maestre Cristina, Magoni Lara, Magyar Péter, Maij Marit, Maląg Marlena, Manda Claudiu, Mandl Lukas, Maniatis Yannis, Maran Pierfrancesco, Marczułajtis-Walczak Jagna, Maréchal Marion, Marino Ignazio Roberto, Marquardt Erik, Martín Frías Jorge, Martins Catarina, Martusciello Fulvio, Marzà Ibáñez Vicent, Mato Gabriel, Matthieu Sara, Mavrides Costas, Maydell Eva, Mayer Georg, Mazurek Milan, Mažylis Liudas, McNamara Michael, Mebarek Nora, Mehnert Alexandra, Meimarakis Vangelis, Meleti Eleonora, Mendes Ana Catarina, Mendia Idoia, Mertens Verena, Mesure Marina, Metsola Roberta, Metz Tilly, Mikser Sven, Milazzo Giuseppe, Millán Mon Francisco José, Minchev Nikola, Miranda Paz Ana, Molnár Csaba, Montero Irene, Montserrat Dolors, Morace Carolina, Morano Nadine, Moreira de Sá Tiago, Moreno Sánchez Javier, Moretti Alessandra, Motreanu Dan-Ştefan, Mularczyk Arkadiusz, Müller Piotr, Mullooly Ciaran, Mureşan Siegfried, Muşoiu Ştefan, Nagyová Jana, Nardella Dario, Navarrete Rojas Fernando, Negrescu Victor, Nemec Matjaž, Nerudová Danuše, Nesci Denis, Neuhoff Hans, Neumann Hannah, Nica Dan, Niebler Angelika, Niedermayer Luděk, Niinistö Ville, Nikolaou-Alavanos Lefteris, Nikolic Aleksandar, Ní Mhurchú Cynthia, Noichl Maria, Nordqvist Rasmus, Novakov Andrey, Nykiel Mirosława, Obajtek Daniel, Ódor Ľudovít, Oetjen Jan-Christoph, Oliveira João, Olivier Philippe, Omarjee Younous, Ondruš Branislav, Ó Ríordáin Aodhán, Orlando Leoluca, Ozdoba Jacek, Paet Urmas, Pajín Leire, Palmisano Valentina, Panayiotou Fidias, Papadakis Kostas, Papandreou Nikos, Pappas Nikos, Pascual de la Parte Nicolás, Paulus Jutta, Pedulla’ Gaetano, Pellerin-Carlin Thomas, Peltier Guillaume, Penkova Tsvetelina, Pennelle Gilles, Pereira Lídia, Pérez Alvise, Peter-Hansen Kira Marie, Petrov Hristo, Picaro Michele, Picierno Pina, Picula Tonino, Piera Pascale, Pietikäinen Sirpa, Pimpie Pierre, Piperea Gheorghe, de la Pisa Carrión Margarita, Pokorná Jermanová Jaroslava, Polato Daniele, Polfjärd Jessica, Popescu Virgil-Daniel, Pozņaks Reinis, Prebilič Vladimir, Princi Giusi, Protas Jacek, Pürner Friedrich, Rackete Carola, Radev Emil, Radtke Dennis, Rafowicz Emma, Ratas Jüri, Razza Ruggero, Rechagneux Julie, Regner Evelyn, Repasi René, Ressler Karlo, Reuten Thijs, Riba i Giner Diana, Ricci Matteo, Ridel Chloé, Riehl Nela, Ripa Manuela, Rodrigues André, Ros Sempere Marcos, Roth Neveďalová Katarína, Rougé André, Ruissen Bert-Jan, Ruotolo Sandro, Rzońca Bogdan, Saeidi Arash, Salini Massimiliano, Salis Ilaria, Salla Aura, Sánchez Amor Nacho, Sanchez Julien, Sancho Murillo Elena, Saramo Jussi, Sardone Silvia, Šarec Marjan, Sargiacomo Eric, Satouri Mounir, Saudargas Paulius, Sbai Majdouline, Sberna Antonella, Schaldemose Christel, Schaller-Baross Ernő, Schenk Oliver, Scheuring-Wielgus Joanna, Schieder Andreas, Schilling Lena, Schneider Christine, Schnurrbusch Volker, Schwab Andreas, Scuderi Benedetta, Seekatz Ralf, Sell Alexander, Serrano Sierra Rosa, Sidl Günther, Sienkiewicz Bartłomiej, Sieper Lukas, Simon Sven, Singer Christine, Sinkevičius Virginijus, Sippel Birgit, Sjöstedt Jonas, Śmiszek Krzysztof, Smith Anthony, Smit Sander, Sokol Tomislav, Solier Diego, Solís Pérez Susana, Sommen Liesbet, Sonneborn Martin, Sorel Malika, Sousa Silva Hélder, Søvndal Villy, Squarta Marco, Staķis Mārtiņš, Stancanelli Raffaele, Ștefănuță Nicolae, Steger Petra, Stier Davor Ivo, Storm Kristoffer, Stöteler Sebastiaan, Stoyanov Stanislav, Strack-Zimmermann Marie-Agnes, Strada Cecilia, Streit Joachim, Strik Tineke, Strolenberg Anna, Sturdza Şerban Dimitrie, Stürgkh Anna, Sypniewski Marcin, Szczerba Michał, Szekeres Pál, Szydło Beata, Tamburrano Dario, Tânger Corrêa António, Tarczyński Dominik, Tarquinio Marco, Tarr Zoltán, Târziu Claudiu-Richard, Tavares Carla, Tegethoff Kai, Temido Marta, Teodorescu Georgiana, Teodorescu Måwe Alice, Terheş Cristian, Ter Laak Ingeborg, Terras Riho, Tertsch Hermann, Thionnet Pierre-Romain, Timgren Beatrice, Tinagli Irene, Tobback Bruno, Tobé Tomas, Tolassy Rody, Tomac Eugen, Tomašič Zala, Tomaszewski Waldemar, Tomc Romana, Tonin Matej, Toom Jana, Topo Raffaele, Torselli Francesco, Tosi Flavio, Toussaint Marie, Tovaglieri Isabella, Toveri Pekka, Tridico Pasquale, Trochu Laurence, Tsiodras Dimitris, Turek Filip, Tynkkynen Sebastian, Uhrík Milan, Vaidere Inese, Valchev Ivaylo, Vălean Adina, Valet Matthieu, Van Brempt Kathleen, Van Brug Anouk, van den Berg Brigitte, Vandendriessche Tom, Van Dijck Kris, Van Lanschot Reinier, Van Leeuwen Jessika, Vannacci Roberto, Van Overtveldt Johan, Van Sparrentak Kim, Varaut Alexandre, Vasconcelos Ana, Vasile-Voiculescu Vlad, Vautmans Hilde, Vedrenne Marie-Pierre, Ventola Francesco, Verheyen Sabine, Verougstraete Yvan, Veryga Aurelijus, Vešligaj Marko, Vicsek Annamária, Vieira Catarina, Vigenin Kristian, Vilimsky Harald, Vincze Loránt, Vind Marianne, Vistisen Anders, Vivaldini Mariateresa, Volgin Petar, von der Schulenburg Michael, Vondra Alexandr, Voss Axel, Vozemberg-Vrionidi Elissavet, Vrecionová Veronika, Vázquez Lázara Adrián, Waitz Thomas, Walsh Maria, Walsmann Marion, Warborn Jörgen, Warnke Jan-Peter, Wąsik Maciej, Wawrykiewicz Michał, Wcisło Marta, Wechsler Andrea, Weimers Charlie, Werbrouck Séverine, Wiesner Emma, Wiezik Michal, Wilmès Sophie, Winkler Iuliu, Winzig Angelika, Wiseler-Lima Isabel, Wiśniewska Jadwiga, Wölken Tiemo, Wolters Lara, Yar Lucia, Yon-Courtin Stéphanie, Yoncheva Elena, Zacharia Maria, Zajączkowska-Hernik Ewa, Zalewska Anna, Žalimas Dainius, Zan Alessandro, Zarzalejos Javier, Zdechovský Tomáš, Zdrojewski Bogdan Andrzej, Zijlstra Auke, Zīle Roberts, Zingaretti Nicola, Złotowski Kosma, Zoido Álvarez Juan Ignacio, Zovko Željana, Zver Milan

    Excused:

    Andersson Li, Friis Sigrid, Hazekamp Anja

    MIL OSI Europe News –

  • Turkey blocks X’s Grok chatbot for alleged insults to Erdogan

    Source: Government of India

    Source: Government of India (4)

    A Turkish court has blocked access to Grok, the artificial intelligence chatbot developed by the Elon Musk-founded company xAI, after it generated responses that authorities said included insults to President Tayyip Erdogan.

    Issues of political bias, hate speech and accuracy of AI chatbots have been a concern since at least the launch of OpenAI’s ChatGPT in 2022, with Grok dropping content accused of antisemitic tropes and praise for Adolf Hitler.

    The office of Ankara’s chief prosecutor has launched a formal investigation into the incident, it said on Wednesday, in Turkey’s first such ban on access to an AI tool.

    Neither X nor its owner Elon Musk has commented on the decision.

    Last month, Musk promised an upgrade to Grok, suggesting there was “far too much garbage in any foundation model trained on uncorrected data”.

    Grok, which is integrated into X, reportedly generated offensive content about Erdogan when asked certain questions in Turkish, media said.

    The Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK) adopted the ban after a court order, citing violations of Turkey’s laws that make insults to the president a criminal offence, punishable with up to four years in jail.

    Critics say the law is frequently used to stifle dissent, while the government maintains it is necessary to protect the dignity of the office.

    (Reuters)

  • MIL-OSI Submissions: Doing business in conflict zones: what companies can learn from Lafarge’s exit from Syria

    Source: The Conversation – France – By Nathalie Belhoste, Associate professor, EM Lyon Business School

    The world experienced over 60 armed conflicts in 2024, a “historically high” number according to scholars in the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University. Consequently, the risks faced by multinational companies (MNCs) operating in conflict-torn regions, especially the Middle East and North Africa, have significantly intensified. Israel’s recent airstrikes targeting Iran’s nuclear facilities are another reminder of the escalating violence and instability that are causing loss of life and threatening businesses.

    In response to the increase in international crises and armed violence, the United Nations Global Compact has urged companies and investors to adopt more responsible practices in conflict-affected and high-risk areas, so as to position themselves as crucial actors in providing peace and stability.

    The role of business in conflict zones

    The debate over the role of business in conflict zones is not new but is gaining traction among scholars and practitioners alike. Questions include whether companies can leverage their influence to support peacebuilding efforts, and whether some firms may exploit unstable environments to maximize profit and thus exacerbate conflict.

    MNCs tend to respond to conflict by adopting one of the following strategies:

    1) an exit strategy (ie withdrawing from a conflict zone)

    2) a business-as-usual strategy that merely complies with changing local conditions and regulations

    3) a take-advantage strategy of profiteering from a war economy

    4) or a proactive engagement strategy aimed at contributing to public security

    But, if an MNC decides to stay and continue operating in a conflict zone, it can hardly be guided by a single strategy. Moreover, since strategies evolve in response to unfolding events, their adaptation may lead to unforeseen consequences and possibly far-reaching negative impacts.

    This is clearly demonstrated by our recent study on the case of Lafarge in Syria. Lafarge Cement Syria (LCS), the local subsidiary of the former French multinational construction company Lafarge, continued operating during the Syrian civil war from 2011 until 2014, while most foreign companies withdrew in response to escalating violence and political instability. To maintain production at its Jalabiya plant in northeast Syria, LCS managers established arrangements with various armed groups, including the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and the al-Nusrah Front (ANF) – “both US-designated foreign terrorist organisations” – providing financial payments called “protection money” and purchasing raw material from suppliers under their control.

    The MNC’s stay-at-all-cost strategy in an active civil war zone culminated in a forced withdrawal from Syria – the night before ISIS took full control over the LCS factory – and subsequent, ongoing legal proceedings in France against Lafarge and LCS for alleged financing of terrorism (at least €13 million paid to armed groups including ISIS), violation of international sanctions against Syria, complicity in crimes against humanity, and endangering the lives of others. In early 2024, a French court dropped the charge against Lafarge of endangering the lives of its Syrian employees.

    In 2022, Lafarge and its Syrian subsidiary pleaded guilty in a US federal court to conspiring to provide material support to foreign terrorist organisations. Lafarge agreed to pay a $778 million fine. The guilty plea came seven years after “what was originally billed as a merger of equals” between Lafarge and its Swiss rival Holcim. The year after LafargeHolcim, amid a growing scandal over the allegations, renamed itself Holcim Ltd.


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    A ‘downward spiral’

    In our study, we examined how some Lafarge and LCS managers navigated Syria’s shifting wartime landscape by analysing the relational, informational and financial strategies they used to engage with various non-state armed groups to sustain operations. Our findings reveal that over the four-year period from 2011 to 2014, a series of short-term, cost-benefit decisions produced a “downward spiral” of strategic responses. Rather than ensuring the company’s survival in an active conflict zone, these strategies increased its dependence on regime-connected intermediaries and war profiteers, and entangled it in the darkness of the Syrian war economy. Ultimately, this led to consequences that extended far beyond mere business failure.

    Four key factors shaped this downward spiral. The first is the diversity and fluidity of non-state armed actors with whom the company engaged. LCS paid “protection money” to a range of armed groups – including Kurdish military factions, insurgent groups and militias – prior to the emergence of jihadist organisations, particularly ISIS, in the vicinity of its cement factory. Initially, threats posed by jihadist groups were overshadowed by the complex, shifting alliances and rivalries among local actors vying for control over the resources in the region.

    The second factor that shaped the downward spiral is the gradual collapse of state authority in Syria, especially in the region near the factory. When the factory began production in 2010, its operations took place in a zone under the control of the Syrian government. This was a certain guarantee of security provided by the regime, which wanted to ensure the continuous payment of LCS local taxes. But after the outbreak of the civil war in 2011, the government started losing control in many parts of the country, including northeast Syria. Faced with this institutional vacuum, LCS managers took security into their own hands by establishing arrangements with various armed groups to safeguard their business.

    The third factor is the level of the subsidiary’s exposure to the conflict. At first, the plant’s exposure to violence was low because of its geographical distance from the heart of the conflict. However, by mid-2012, and especially in 2013, fighting intensified close to the factory, which sat near the strategic M4 highway linking eastern Syria to Turkey and Iraq. The highway was a key route used by the company’s suppliers, but also by local rebel and militia groups.

    The fourth factor relates to the vulnerability of infrastructure and local supply chains. With $680 million invested in the cement plant’s construction and big hopes for a post-war reconstruction boom in the region, Lafarge was determined to protect its assets and access to critical resources. This imperative, coupled with ambitions to merge with Holcim as early as 2013 (the merger was completed in 2015), drove the company to prioritize continued production, even if it meant aligning with local warlords.

    These four factors and their respective dynamics pushed Lafarge and LCS to adopt increasingly unconventional and ethically questionable strategies. In adapting to the unfolding conflict and increasing violence, the company made a series of compromises that ultimately led to negotiations and arrangements with ISIS.

    What lessons should MNCs draw from this case?

    Lafarge’s dismal experience in war-torn Syria highlights a pattern of “organisational shortsightedness” that often affects MNC managers operating in conflict zones. As security deteriorates, firms may become entangled with local power brokers, adapting incrementally to survive, until they are so embedded that withdrawal becomes impossible. To break this cycle, companies must rigorously assess the potential fallout of their strategies and avoid entanglements with armed factions altogether. Moreover, to survive in conflict zones, MNC subsidiary managers need to gain country-specific knowledge and experience, and consider context complexity and dynamics as constituent elements of their strategies.

    Our research serves as a cautionary tale. It warns decision-makers of the dangers of deploying financial and relational strategies in conflict zones that may increase a company’s dependence on non-state armed groups. Such business practices risk compromising objective decision-making and obscuring legal and ethical boundaries and can ultimately backfire. To avoid this, managers should design a responsible withdrawal strategy at the beginning of an armed conflict to ensure employees’ safety. Managers must also adopt ethical and conflict-sensitive practices in strict compliance with the actions for businesses operating in conflict zones recommended by the UN Global Compact.



    À lire aussi :
    Will multinational companies flock to Syria? Maybe, if foreign aid arrives first

    We also encourage corporate leaders to develop “critical geopolitical awareness” by gaining more contextual knowledge and integrating a multilevel political risk analysis into their strategies. This would provide them with a deeper understanding of the complexity and dynamics of an armed conflict and the relevant actors they need to engage with or avoid. Only with informed leadership can managers effectively and responsibly navigate the complex and often hazardous landscape of doing business in conflict zones.

    Les auteurs ne travaillent pas, ne conseillent pas, ne possèdent pas de parts, ne reçoivent pas de fonds d’une organisation qui pourrait tirer profit de cet article, et n’ont déclaré aucune autre affiliation que leur organisme de recherche.

    – ref. Doing business in conflict zones: what companies can learn from Lafarge’s exit from Syria – https://theconversation.com/doing-business-in-conflict-zones-what-companies-can-learn-from-lafarges-exit-from-syria-260604

    MIL OSI –

  • MIL-OSI Africa: Acting Libyan Foreign Minister Meets Qatar’s Ambassador

    Source: APO


    .

    HE Taher Salem Al Baour, Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation in the Government of National Unity of the sisterly State of Libya, met with HE Ambassador of the State of Qatar to Libya Dr. Khalid Mohammed bin Zaben Al Dosari.

    During the meeting, cooperation relations between the two countries were discussed.

    Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of The State of Qatar.

    MIL OSI Africa –

  • MIL-OSI Africa: Deputy Representative of United Nations (UN) Secretary-General in Libya Meets Ambassador of Qatar

    Source: APO


    .

    HE Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Political Affairs for Libya in the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) Stephanie Koury met with HE Ambassador of the State of Qatar to Libya Dr. Khalid Mohammed bin Zabin Al Dosari.

    The meeting discussed the latest developments in Libya.

    HE Ambassador of the State of Qatar to Libya reaffirmed during the meeting the State of Qatar’s firm and supportive position in support of Libya’s unity and sovereignty, as well as its commitment to backing all international efforts aimed at achieving security, stability, and development in the country.

    His Excellency also reiterated the State of Qatar’s support for the Libyan political process, relevant United Nations Security Council (UNSC) resolutions, and all peaceful solutions that preserve Libya’s unity, stability, and sovereignty, while fulfilling the aspirations of the brotherly Libyan people for development and prosperity through free and fair elections.

    Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of The State of Qatar.

    MIL OSI Africa –

  • MIL-OSI China: Wang powers into WTT US Smash last 16, Sun survives

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    Reigning world champion Wang Chuqin advanced to the men’s singles last 16 with a 3-1 win over Kao Cheng-jui of Chinese Taipei, while women’s world No. 1 Sun Yingsha endured another full-game battle at the World Table Tennis (WTT) United States Smash on Tuesday.

    As Team China’s only remaining player in the bottom half, Wang started strong with an 11-2 opening game. Kao leveled with an 11-9 win, but Wang responded confidently, taking the next two games 11-6, 11-3 to close out the match.

    Wang Chuqin hits a return during the men’s singles round of 32 match between Wang Chuqin of China and Wong Chun Ting of China’s Hong Kong at ITTF World Table Tennis Championships Finals Doha 2025 in Doha, Qatar, May 20, 2025. (Xinhua/Liu Xu)

    “We met many times before, so I was fully prepared for this match, especially considering the uncertainties brought by the venue and table,” said Wang. “When leading in the second game, I was a bit conservative, but after negotiations with my coach, I felt that I needed to stick to my own style of play.”

    French qualifier Lilian Bardet, who upset China’s Liang Jingkun in the previous round, continued his surprise run with a 3-1 victory over Germany’s Ricardo Walther.

    “I’m very happy and very proud of myself for this run. It’s not over yet and I hope to go as far as possible,” said Bardet.

    “Now I just want to carry this confidence and continue to play relaxed and let’s see how it goes,” he added.

    Sixth seed Felix Lebrun won 3-1 in an all-French clash with Simon Gauzy. German seeds Benedikt Duda and Qiu Dang also progressed to the third round.

    Sun Yingsha, who was pushed to five games by Australia’s Liu Yangzi in the opening round, faced another test against 17-year-old Hana Goda. The Egyptian teenager led two-one before Sun rallied with back-to-back 11-7 wins to complete the comeback.

    “Hana is quite young. She posed a huge challenge to me today with determination to win. Facing adversities, I just tried to improve my game with staunch belief,” commented Sun.

    Sun was joined in the women’s last 16 by teammates Chen Xingtong, Kuai Man and Chen Yi, as well as Japan’s Miwa Harimoto and Hina Hayata.

    Kuai also advanced to the mixed doubles quarterfinals with Lin Shidong after the top seeds swept Austria’s Robert Gardos and Sofia Polcanova in straight games.

    MIL OSI China News –

  • MIL-OSI China: China-Egypt practical cooperation yields fruitful outcomes

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    Under the strategic guidance of leaders of the two countries, China-Egypt relations have, over the past years, made great strides, becoming a model of solidarity, cooperation and mutual benefit between China and Arab, African, and other developing countries.

    By aligning China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) with Egypt’s Vision 2030, the two countries have drawn up a promising blueprint for practical cooperation and achieved remarkable outcomes across various sectors.

    STRATEGIC COOPERATION

    Chinese Ambassador to Egypt Liao Liqiang said that since the China-Egypt comprehensive strategic partnership was established in 2014, leaders of both countries have frequently met on bilateral and multilateral occasions, jointly steering Belt and Road cooperation and shaping a shared future in the new era.

    Frequent high-level exchanges have laid a solid foundation for deepening ties, anchored by both countries’ firm support for each other’s core interests, former Egyptian ambassador to China Magdy Amer told Xinhua, adding that under the BRI, bilateral trade has surged, and Chinese investment in Egypt has expanded rapidly.

    Waleed Gaballah, a member of the Egyptian Association for Political Economy, Statistics and Legislation, said that BRI projects, including the Central Business District in Egypt’s New Administrative Capital, and the China-Egypt TEDA Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone within the Suez Canal Economic Zone (SCZone) located southeast of Cairo, have invigorated Egypt’s economy.

    On July 2, the foundation stone was laid for the Deli Glass production base in the TEDA zone. With a 70 million U.S. dollar investment, its first phase will include a high-grade glass furnace and advanced automated production lines.

    The site will produce high-quality household glassware and evolve into an industrial cluster integrating research and development, manufacturing, advanced processing, packaging, logistics, and export.

    SCZone chairman Waleid Gamal El-Dein said the project marks the latest outcome of deepening cooperation between the zone and global investors, especially Chinese ones, reflecting the growing bilateral relations, political trust and economic collaboration between Egypt and China.

    So far, 185 enterprises have settled in the TEDA zone, bringing total investment to around 3 billion U.S. dollars and generating over 5.3 billion U.S. dollars in sales, with key industries including building materials, petrochemicals, textiles and new energy, among others, according to Cao Hui, executive director of Egypt-TEDA SEZone Development Company.

    After touring Haier Egypt Ecological Park and the welding factory of Jetour Egypt in mid-June, former Egyptian Prime Minister Essam Sharaf described the projects as the fruits of a long-term partnership, strengthened by Belt and Road cooperation.

    “They reflect the initiative’s aim to promote shared development among participating countries,” he told Xinhua, emphasizing the importance of working with China to modernize Egypt’s industrial base.

    ACHIEVEMENTS ON MULTIPLE FRONTS

    In recent years, China and Egypt have jointly achieved several “firsts”: Chinese companies constructed Africa’s tallest skyscraper in Egypt, built Egypt’s first electrified light rail, and supported Egypt to become the continent’s leading fiberglass base. Chinese technology has also enabled Egypt to become the first African country with full satellite assembly and testing capabilities.

    In addition, Chinese firms helped drill over 680 desert water wells in Egypt over nine years, gradually turning barren land into farmland. Tech company Huawei has trained about 40,000 Egyptian youth through its ICT programs.

    Meanwhile, the flourishing cultural ties between the two countries have enhanced mutual understanding and added vitality to the partnership.

    Chinese has been formally integrated into Egypt’s national education system, with 30 universities offering Chinese courses and more than 20 secondary schools providing Chinese as an elective subject.

    Chinese cultural festivals and events held in Egypt, like “Happy Spring Festival,” “Tea for Harmony,” and “Chinese Film Week,” as well as various music performances, have attracted wide interest in Egypt and greatly promoted cultural interaction.

    Joint archaeological efforts have further deepened. In Luxor’s Karnak Temple complex, a Sino-Egyptian archaeological team revived the Montu Temple ruins, which had remained buried for over 3,000 years. Another collaborative initiative involves the digital documentation and study of thousands of anthropoid coffins discovered in the Saqqara necropolis, alongside efforts to restore the Ramses II statue at Karnak Temple.

    From museums and pyramids to southern temples and Red Sea resorts, Chinese tourists have been arriving in Egypt in growing numbers. To enhance their travel experience, Egypt has introduced Chinese-language signage in famous tourist sites, increased Chinese-speaking guides, and encouraged more hotels to offer Chinese cuisine.

    Last month, Air China announced a new direct flight between Beijing and Cairo, which is to be launched on Wednesday, operating three times weekly.

    “The new route will strengthen people-to-people exchanges and further deepen tourism cooperation between the two nations,” said Ahmed Youssef, chairman of the Egyptian Tourism Promotion Authority. 

    MIL OSI China News –

  • ICC issues arrest warrants for Taliban leaders over persecution of women

    Source: Government of India

    Source: Government of India (4)

    The International Criminal Court (ICC) on Tuesday issued arrest warrants for two Taliban leaders in Afghanistan including supreme spiritual leader Haibatullah Akhundzada, accusing them of the persecution of women and girls.

    The ICC said there were reasonable grounds to believe that Akhundzada and Abdul Hakim Haqqani, chief justice of the Taliban, had committed the crime against humanity of persecution on gender grounds against girls, women and other persons non-conforming with the Taliban’s policy on gender, gender identity or expression.

    Since the Islamist Taliban returned to power in 2021 it has clamped down on women’s rights, including limits to schooling, work and general independence in daily life.

    The Taliban condemned the warrants as an example of hostility towards Islam.

    “We neither recognise anything by the name of an international court nor do we consider ourselves bound by it,” the Taliban government’s spokesman, Zabihullah Mujahid, added in a statement.

    It is the first time judges of the ICC have issued a warrant on charges of gender persecution.

    “While the Taliban have imposed certain rules and prohibitions on the population as a whole, they have specifically targeted girls and women by reason of their gender, depriving them of fundamental rights and freedoms,” the court said.

    The full warrants and details on the specific incidents they are based on remain under seal to protect witnesses and victims, the court said.

    NGOs hailed the warrants and called on the international community to back the ICC’s work.

    “The international community should fully back the ICC in its critical work in Afghanistan and globally, including through concerted efforts to enforce the court’s warrants,” Human Rights Watch International Justice director Liz Evenson, said in a statement.

    The ICC has been under increased criticism from non-member states such as the United States, Israel and Russia.

    Last year the court issued an arrest warrant for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity during the Gaza conflict. The ICC also issued an arrest warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2023 on suspicion of deporting children from Ukraine.

    Neither Russia nor Israel is a member of the court and both deny the accusations and reject ICC jurisdiction.

    Last month the United States imposed sanctions on four ICC judges including two who were involved in a ruling that allowed prosecutors to open a formal investigation into war crimes and crimes against humanity in Afghanistan, including alleged crimes committed by American troops.

    The ICC said it was an attempt to undermine the independence of an international judicial institution that provides hope and justice to millions of victims.

    (Reuters)

  • MIL-Evening Report: Israel’s Rafah camp – ‘humanitarian city’ or crime against humanity?

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Shannon Bosch, Associate Professor (Law), Edith Cowan University

    Israel’s Defence Minister Israel Katz has announced a controversial plan to move up to 600,000 Palestinians in Gaza into a designated “humanitarian area” on the ruins of the southern city of Rafah.

    Access to the camp would be through strict security screening to ensure entrants were not Hamas operatives. Once inside, the perimeter would be sealed off by the Israeli military. Palestinians would not be allowed to leave.

    Eventually the camp would house the entire 2.1 million population of Gaza.

    Camp construction would begin during the proposed 60-day ceasefire being negotiated by Israel and Hamas

    ‘Illegal and inhumane’

    The plan is illegal, inhumane and risks worsening the humanitarian crisis in Gaza.

    The forced displacement and containment of any civilian population in an occupied territory is a violation of international humanitarian law.

    Done on this scale would constitute a war crime and a crime against humanity under the Rome Statute.

    The UN Security Council, UN General Assembly and UN Commission on Human Rights have all condemned instances of forced transfer in armed conflicts.

    So too, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent, which have stressed the fundamental prohibition of forced displacement of a civilian population and the need for all parties to respect this prohibition.

    For their own protection?

    Katz is describing the camp as a “humanitarian city”. The Israeli military says Palestinians would only be contained for their own protection.

    As we have seen, civilian displacement is prohibited. But there is an exception if a case can be made either for military reasons or the protection of the population.

    However, this exception only exists for as long as the conditions warrant for it to exist. Anyone subject to such an evacuation must be transferred back to their homes as soon as possible.

    Imperative military reasons never justify the removal of a civilian population in order to persecute it. The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement entrenches the duty of international actors to avoid creating the conditions that might lead to the displacement of people.

    Aid dilemma

    Katz has indicated international organisations would be responsible for managing aid and services inside the area.

    But Israel has a history of defying even orders from the International Court of Justice to allow humanitarian aid to reach the Palestinians in Gaza.

    If international humanitarian agencies were called upon to service the camp, they would face a dilemma.

    They would need to decide whether to cooperate in managing aid under conditions that compromise their neutrality and ethical standards, deny basic human rights and are built on violations of international law.

    Aid groups would risk being complicit in a process that sets up a transit camp for Palestinians before possibly expelling them from Gaza altogether.

    This “humanitarian city” would essentially become an open-air prison. Palestinians would be reliant on international aid under strict Israeli military control.

    Mass expulsion?

    Could the Rafah camp be a precursor to mass expulsion from Gaza and what does international law say about that?

    Katz has been quoted saying Israel aims to implement “the emigration plan, which will happen” – meaning Gazans will eventually be forced to leave for other countries.

    Changing the demographic composition of a territory – ethnic cleansing – achieved through the displacement of the civilian population of a territory is strictly prohibited under international law.

    The idea of displacing Palestinians has long been part of Israeli strategic thinking, but this announcement signals a dangerous escalation and intention to permanently alter Gaza’s demographic landscape through displacement and containment.

    Voluntary exodus?

    According to Katz, Gazans would have the option of “voluntary” emigration.

    Indeed, speaking at the White House this week, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said there would be no forced exodus from Gaza:

    If people want to stay, they can stay, but if they want to leave, they should be able to leave.

    But the scale of the humanitarian crisis in Gaza is incomprehensible.

    The population has been displaced multiple times and 90% of homes in Gaza are damaged or destroyed. The healthcare, water, sanitation and hygiene systems have collapsed.

    On average 100 Palestinians are killed daily as they try to access food.

    These crisis circumstances negate the voluntary nature of any person’s consent to either the transfer to the Rafah camp or ultimately, the departure from Gaza.

    According to Amos Goldberg, historian of the Holocaust at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, what the defence minister laid out was clear plans for the ethnic cleansing of Gaza:

    [it is] a transit camp for Palestinians before they expel them. It is neither humanitarian nor a city.

    Shannon Bosch does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Israel’s Rafah camp – ‘humanitarian city’ or crime against humanity? – https://theconversation.com/israels-rafah-camp-humanitarian-city-or-crime-against-humanity-260809

    MIL OSI Analysis – EveningReport.nz –

  • MIL-OSI China: 60 Palestinians killed in Israeli attacks across Gaza

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    Palestinians mourn over a victim killed in an Israeli airstrike, outside the Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza City, on July 8, 2025. [Photo/Xinhua]

    At least 60 Palestinians, including six freed prisoners and a paramedic, were killed in Israeli airstrikes and gunfire across Gaza on Tuesday, according to Palestinian sources.

    Six people were killed by Israeli shelling on two tents housing displaced persons in Khan Younis, southern Gaza and the town of al-Zawaidain, central Gaza, Spokesperson for the Civil Defense in Gaza Mahmoud Basal told Xinhua.

    Hamas said in a press statement that the six were prisoners released from Israeli prisons and deported from the West Bank to Gaza.

    West of Gaza City, an Israeli airstrike on a gathering of Palestinians in the al-Rimal neighborhood killed six people, including two children and two women, and an Israeli airstrike on a house in the Tal al-Hawa neighborhood killed four, including an infant, Basal said.

    Five people were killed in an Israeli airstrike on a house in al-Tuffah, east of Gaza City, whereas three were killed when a bomb dropped by an Israeli drone hit a residential area in the al-Zeitoun neighborhood, south of Gaza City, Basal said, adding that two people, including a child, were killed in an Israeli bombing on al-Tuffah and Sheikh Radwan neighborhoods.

    A vehicle bombing in the city of Deir al-Balah, central Gaza, killed two people, Basal added.

    Meanwhile, Nasser Medical Complex reported in a brief press statement that 25 Palestinians were killed since dawn of Tuesday as a result of separate airstrikes on the Al-Mawasi area, west of Khan Younis.

    A paramedic was also killed while performing his duty as a result of Israeli shelling on Al-Mawasi, according to Palestinian medical sources.

    Six Palestinians, including three children, were killed by Israeli army fire near a U.S.-backed aid distribution center in north of Rafah, southern Gaza, said the sources.

    There was no immediate comment from the Israeli side on these incidents.

    Since Israel resumed its military campaign in Gaza on March 18, at least 7,013 Palestinians have been killed and 24,838 others injured, bringing the overall death toll in Gaza since the conflict began in October 2023 to 57,575, with a total of 136,879 people injured, according to data released Tuesday by health authorities in Gaza. 

    MIL OSI China News –

  • MIL-OSI China: 60 Palestinians killed in Israeli attacks across Gaza

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    Palestinians mourn over a victim killed in an Israeli airstrike, outside the Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza City, on July 8, 2025. [Photo/Xinhua]

    At least 60 Palestinians, including six freed prisoners and a paramedic, were killed in Israeli airstrikes and gunfire across Gaza on Tuesday, according to Palestinian sources.

    Six people were killed by Israeli shelling on two tents housing displaced persons in Khan Younis, southern Gaza and the town of al-Zawaidain, central Gaza, Spokesperson for the Civil Defense in Gaza Mahmoud Basal told Xinhua.

    Hamas said in a press statement that the six were prisoners released from Israeli prisons and deported from the West Bank to Gaza.

    West of Gaza City, an Israeli airstrike on a gathering of Palestinians in the al-Rimal neighborhood killed six people, including two children and two women, and an Israeli airstrike on a house in the Tal al-Hawa neighborhood killed four, including an infant, Basal said.

    Five people were killed in an Israeli airstrike on a house in al-Tuffah, east of Gaza City, whereas three were killed when a bomb dropped by an Israeli drone hit a residential area in the al-Zeitoun neighborhood, south of Gaza City, Basal said, adding that two people, including a child, were killed in an Israeli bombing on al-Tuffah and Sheikh Radwan neighborhoods.

    A vehicle bombing in the city of Deir al-Balah, central Gaza, killed two people, Basal added.

    Meanwhile, Nasser Medical Complex reported in a brief press statement that 25 Palestinians were killed since dawn of Tuesday as a result of separate airstrikes on the Al-Mawasi area, west of Khan Younis.

    A paramedic was also killed while performing his duty as a result of Israeli shelling on Al-Mawasi, according to Palestinian medical sources.

    Six Palestinians, including three children, were killed by Israeli army fire near a U.S.-backed aid distribution center in north of Rafah, southern Gaza, said the sources.

    There was no immediate comment from the Israeli side on these incidents.

    Since Israel resumed its military campaign in Gaza on March 18, at least 7,013 Palestinians have been killed and 24,838 others injured, bringing the overall death toll in Gaza since the conflict began in October 2023 to 57,575, with a total of 136,879 people injured, according to data released Tuesday by health authorities in Gaza. 

    MIL OSI China News –

  • MIL-OSI NGOs: Climate crisis tripled death toll of Europe’s latest heatwave: Greenpeace calls for polluters to pay

    Source: Greenpeace Statement –

    Amsterdam – Responding to a rapid study by scientists at Imperial College London and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine that found that the number of heat-related deaths across 12 European cities tripled due to the climate crisis in the 10 day period between 23 June and 2 July, as well as to preliminary data published by the Copernicus Climate Change Service that June 2025 was the hottest ever June for Western Europe and the third-warmest June globally.[1][2]

    Ian Duff, Head of Greenpeace International’s Stop Drilling Start Paying campaign said: “It is society’s most vulnerable – in Milan, Barcelona, Paris, London and elsewhere – who suffer most in the midst of record temperatures. Europe’s dependence and soft hand on oil and gas corporations who are fueling this extreme heat is giving a death blow to our parents and grandparents.” 

    “This heatwave comes when public finances are already stretched and it is only fair that those most responsible are made to pay. For European cities to become safe spaces for society’s most vulnerable, polluters like Shell and TotalEnergies must face fines and taxes to pay for soaring climate and health costs.”

    Beyond excess mortality, the latest heatwave in Europe resulted in restrictions on outdoor work hours in Italy, the closure of more than 2,200 schools in France, and wildfires breaking out in Greece, Spain, and Turkey.

    Eight out of 10 people support taxing oil and gas corporations to pay for climate damages, according to a global survey commissioned by Greenpeace International and Oxfam International. The two organisations are part of the Polluters Pay Pact, a global alliance of over 170,000 people, including first responders like firefighters, humanitarian groups and political leaders. It demands that governments around the world make oil, coal and gas corporations pay their fair share for the damages they cause

    ENDS

    Notes:

    [1] “Climate change tripled heatwave death toll in European cities during last week’s heatwave” – Imperial College London and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

    [2] “Third-warmest June globally – Heatwaves in Europe amid temperature extremes across both hemispheres” – Copernicus 

    Contact:

    Tal Harris, Global Media Lead – Greenpeace International’s Stop Drilling Start Paying campaign, +41-782530550, [email protected] 

    Greenpeace International Press Desk: [email protected], +31 (0) 20 718 2470 (available 24 hours)

    MIL OSI NGO –