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Category: United States of America

  • MIL-OSI Video: U.S. Army Special Operations Helicopters being AWESOME for 12 minutes | ASMR | Army Lethality

    Source: US Army (video statements)

    Just because we like you, here’s footage of the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment training. You’re welcome.

    Video by 160 PAO

    About the U.S. Army:
    The Army Mission – our purpose – remains constant: To deploy, fight and win our nation’s wars by providing ready, prompt & sustained land dominance by Army forces across the full spectrum of conflict as part of the joint force.
    Interested in joining the U.S. Army?
    Visit: spr.ly/6001igl5L
    Connect with the U.S. Army online:
    Web: https://www.army.mil
    Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/USarmy/
    X: https://www.twitter.com/USArmy
    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/usarmy/
    LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/us-army
    #USArmy #Soldiers #Military #Army

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1b0tux7WQk

    MIL OSI Video –

  • MIL-OSI USA: May 20: NFFE-IAM, IAM Union to Welcome Minority Business Development Agency Employees Back to Work After Administrative Leave, RIF Threats

    Source: US GOIAM Union

    WASHINGTON, May 19, 2025—The National Federation of Federal Employees (NFFE-IAM) and the IAM Union (International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers) will gather outside the Department of Commerce on Tuesday, May 20, at 8:30 a.m. to welcome back employees of the Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA). 

    Approximately 35 employees, represented by NFFE-IAM, had been placed on administrative leave and faced a Reduction in Force (RIF) threat. Now returning to their jobs, they will be greeted with signs of support and solidarity.

    Federal workers are the backbone of our nation, providing essential services that keep our country running.

    Event Details:

    What: IAM Union and NFFE-IAM to host a visibility event to welcome back MBDA workers

    When: Tuesday, May 20, 2025, from 8:30 a.m. to 9:15 a.m.

    Where: Department of Commerce, 1401 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. (supporters will gather at the 14th Street main entrance)

    Who: IAM Union, NFFE-IAM, labor allies, and community supporters

    RSVP: Interested reporters can RSVP by emailing Bethany Shelton (bshelton@iamaw.org).

    Supporters will hold signs welcoming the MBDA workers back and thanking them for their work. Members of Congress, elected officials, and local community leaders are invited to attend this event.

    The IAM Union and NFFE-IAM invite members of the media to attend and cover this event. Visuals and interview opportunities will be available.

    The IAM Union (International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers) is one of North America’s largest and most diverse industrial trade unions, representing approximately 600,000 active and retired members in the aerospace, defense, airlines, railroad, transit, healthcare, automotive, and other industries. 

    goIAM.org | @IAM_Union

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    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: U.S. hydropower generation expected to rise by 7% in 2025 following last year’s record low

    Source: US Energy Information Administration

    In-brief analysis

    May 19, 2025

    We expect U.S. hydropower generation will increase by 7.5% in 2025 but will remain 2.4% below the 10-year average in our May Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO). Hydropower generation in 2024 fell to 241 billion kilowatthours (BkWh), the lowest since at least 2010; in 2025, we expect generation will be 259.1 BkWh. This amount of generation would represent 6% of the electricity generation in the country.

    About half of the hydropower generating capacity in the country is in the western states of Washington, Oregon, and California, so we closely monitor precipitation patterns in this region to inform our hydropower outlook.

    Precipitation conditions have been mixed across the western United States since October. According to the WestWide Drought Tracker, more precipitation than normal has fallen in northern California, Oregon, and the eastern half of Washington state. Some areas in southeastern Oregon received record precipitation between October 2024 and April 2025. In contrast, precipitation was below normal in parts of Washington, Montana, Idaho, and Southern California.

    Accumulation from winter precipitation tends to peak by April 1. The snowpack accumulation at higher elevations serves as a natural reservoir that melts gradually as temperatures rise in the late spring and early summer, leading to increased waterflow through dams.

    Northwest and Rockies
    We expect hydropower generation in the Northwest and Rockies region to be 125.1 BkWh, which is a 17% increase compared with 2024 and 4% less than the 10-year average. Our hydropower forecast is informed by the water supply outlook from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Northwest River Forecast Center (NWRFC).

    On May 1, NWRFC released its latest April–September water supply forecast for the Pacific Northwest, part of the larger Northwest and Rockies region as modeled in the STEO. The NWRFC forecasts the region will have a below-normal water supply compared with the past 30 years in the northern portion of the basin, which includes the Upper Columbia River Basin, and above- to near-normal water supply in the southern portion, which includes the Snake River Basin. Water supply conditions at The Dalles Dam, located near the mouth of the Columbia River on the border between Washington and Oregon, reflect those of the upstream Columbia River system. The forecast at The Dalles Dam as of May 1 was 85% of normal for the same period.

    California
    We forecast hydropower generation in California to be 28.5 BkWh in our May STEO, which is 6% less than last year’s generation. This total would be 15% more than the 10-year average.

    As of April 1, reservoir levels in most major reservoirs in California were above the historical average for this time of year. The two largest reservoirs in the state, Shasta and Oroville, were at 113% and 121% of the historical average, respectively. According to the California Department of Water Resources, snowpack conditions as of April 1 were at 118% of normal for the Northern Sierra Nevada, 92% for Central Sierra, and 83% in Southern Sierra Nevada regions. Warmer-than-normal temperatures in April led to some early snowmelt across the state. As of the beginning of May, snowpack conditions were at 81% of normal for the Northern Sierra Nevada, 73% for Central Sierra, and 53% for the Southern Sierra portion.

    Principal contributor: Lindsay Aramayo

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Attorney General Alan Wilson announces indictments against additional defendants for trafficking fentanyl and other drugs in the “Devil in Disguise” investigationRead More

    Source: US State of South Carolina

    (COLUMBIA, S.C.) – South Carolina Attorney General Alan Wilson announced that additional South Carolina State Grand Jury indictments were unsealed today in the narcotics trafficking investigation known as “Devil in Disguise.” To date, ten indictments have been issued in five counties against 108 defendants on over 380 narcotics and related charges. This investigation has primarily focused on fentanyl trafficking and associated overdoses.

    “These new State Grand Jury indictments are the result of the hard work of law enforcement, prosecutors, and staff from many jurisdictions,” Attorney General Wilson said. “We will continue to aggressively fight drug traffickers with every resource we have. Soon, we’ll also have a new tool to charge fentanyl traffickers if their drugs kill someone, thanks to the fentanyl-induced homicide bill just passed by the legislature, which we’ve been working to get for three years,” he added.

    According to the Greenville County Coroner’s Office, Greenville County had 278 drug-related overdose deaths in 2022, most of which were related to fentanyl trafficking. In response to the growing number of overdose deaths, the Greenville County Drug Enforcement Unit (DEU) began an investigation to fight this problem.  The DEU then coordinated with resources from the South Carolina Law Enforcement Division, the Pickens County Sheriff’s Office, and the United States Department of Homeland Security.  A South Carolina State Grand Jury investigation marshalling these and other combined resources has been proceeding since August 2023, resulting in the indictments unsealed from January 2024 through today.  Under the South Carolina State Grand Jury, law enforcement and prosecutors have used traditional and advanced law enforcement techniques to move the investigations forward.

    Mexican cartel organizations provide multiple major sources of supply for cocaine, fentanyl, and methamphetamine. Cartels would have members of their organization already within the United States fly to different locations to distribute shipments of cocaine, ultimately resulting in hundreds of kilograms being trafficked into South Carolina. Mexican cartels would coordinate with members of their organization who are in prison in the United States to have large loads of fentanyl smuggled into the US, then have other members of the organization transport the drugs to South Carolina. Fentanyl is being used to adulterate heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, and other illegal drugs.

    To date, the Devil in Disguise investigation, through controlled purchases and seizures, has recovered over 44 kilograms of cocaine, 4 kilograms of fentanyl, and 10 kilograms of methamphetamine, among other drugs. The investigation has also seized over $1,000,000 cash in alleged narcotics proceeds, as well as multiple firearms, including assault rifles.  The investigation has revealed that members of the various conspiracies have historically moved more than 540 kilograms of fentanyl since January of 2020, along with historical trafficking of approximately 850 kilograms of cocaine and 500 kilograms of methamphetamine. 

    Previously in this investigation, the State Grand Jury has indicted alleged fentanyl dealers for murder, accessory before the fact to murder, and conspiracy to commit murder for their alleged role in distributing fentanyl to victims who died from resulting overdoses. Other charges brought to date as a result of this investigation include trafficking in fentanyl, trafficking in methamphetamine, trafficking heroin, trafficking cocaine, money laundering, and illegal possession of a weapon, as well as possession, possession with intent to distribute, and distribution charges for the various narcotics involved. Both Attorney General Wilson and Senior Assistant Deputy Attorney General Creighton Waters thanked all the agencies for their dedicated efforts in the Devil in Disguise investigation. 

    Bond hearings for some of the newer defendants will occur on Monday, May 19, 2025, before the Honorable Heath P. Taylor at the Richland County Courthouse.

    The case was investigated by the South Carolina State Grand Jury, which was assisted in this case by a partnership of the Attorney General’s State Grand Jury Division, the South Carolina Law Enforcement Division, Thirteenth Circuit Solicitor Walt Wilkins’ Office, the United States Attorney’s Office, the United States Department of Homeland Security, the Greenville County Multi-Jurisdictional Drug Enforcement Unit, South Carolina National Guard Counterdrug Task Force, Greenville County Sheriff’s Office, Pickens County Sheriff’s Office, Anderson County Sheriff’s Office, Greenville County Coroner’s Office, Pickens County Coroner’s Office, Easley Police Department, Pickens Police Department, Greenville Police Department, Travelers Rest Police Department, Greer Police Department, Mauldin Police Department, and the Fountain Inn Police Department.

    The cases will be prosecuted by State Grand Jury Section Chief Attorney S. Creighton Waters, as well as Assistant Attorney General Jennifer McKellar, Assistant Attorney General Jason Anders, and Assistant Attorney General Walt Whitmire.

    Attorney General Wilson stressed that all defendants are presumed innocent unless and until they are proven guilty in a court of law.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI China: China appreciates role of US cultural body, museum in return of ancient silk manuscripts: spokesperson

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    China appreciates the efforts made by cultural and museum institutions such as the Smithsonian Institution and the National Museum of Asian Art in the return of ancient silk manuscripts from the United States to China, a Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson said on Monday.

    The Smithsonian’s National Museum of Asian Art on Friday officially returned “Wuxing Ling” and “Gongshou Zhan,” volumes II and III of the Warring-States period (475-221 BC) Zidanku Silk Manuscript, to China’s National Cultural Heritage Administration.

    Spokesperson Mao Ning elaborated on the great cultural value of these silk manuscripts at a regular news briefing. She said that they are not only the oldest silk text in known existence, but also the only silk text from the Warring States period unearthed in China, and the earliest example of a Chinese book in the classic sense.

    Facts have proved that China and the United States can achieve mutually beneficial and win-win results through dialogue and cooperation on the basis of equality and respect, Mao said.

    This is a typical case of successful repatriation of China’s lost cultural artifacts, and is also a successful example of China’s advocacy of promoting protection and return of lost cultural relics through dialogue and cooperation, Mao added.

    Mao expressed the expectation that two sides will strengthen exchanges and cooperation, promote closer people-to-people ties, and promote the stable, healthy and sustainable development of China-U.S. relations.

    The silk manuscripts were unearthed in 1942 from the Zidanku site in Changsha, Hunan Province, and were illegally taken to the United States in 1946.

    MIL OSI China News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: King Cosponsors Bipartisan Legislation to Avoid Drug Shortages, Improve Health Emergency Response

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for Maine Angus King

    WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today, U.S. Senator Angus King (I-ME) is joining bipartisan legislation to ensure the United States is well positioned to mitigate potential prescription drug shortages and respond to future health emergencies. More specifically, the Mapping America’s Pharmaceutical Supply (MAPS) Act would improve federal coordination and visibility for essential medicine supply chains by proactively identifying and addressing supply chain shortfalls or weaknesses.

    The bipartisan MAPS Act would direct the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), in coordination with relevant agencies and the private sector, to regularly update, maintain, and publish a list of essential medicines. Using the Essential Medicines List, the federal government would be required to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment of these supply chains to assess the key ingredients needed to manufacture essential medicines, overreliance on high-risk foreign sources, sole-sourced products, current domestic manufacturing capabilities, cybersecurity threats, and any other gaps that may reduce the federal government’s ability to identify health and national security risks related to our essential medicine supply chains.

    “As we work to protect our communities from a future public health emergency, researching and understanding the prescription drug supply chain is a simple way to help Americans stay healthy and safe – since access to medication is such a critical component to modern care,” said Senator King. “The bipartisan Mapping America’s Pharmaceutical Supply (MAPS) Act would help prevent prescription drug shortages, ensure that our country is reducing its dependence on foreign adversaries for essential medicines, while also protecting the American public from the effects of a future pandemic. I am grateful to my colleagues in both parties for putting the safety and health of the American people first.”

    In addition, HHS, through public-private partnerships, would be required to map all essential medicine supply chains – from the key ingredients needed to manufacture drug products to their distribution in hospitals and pharmacies – creating end-to-end visibility in these supply chains. The bill would also require the Department of Defense (DoD) to submit reports to Congress on drug products that rely on China for critical inputs and finished dose forms.

    The bill is supported by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Angels for Change, the Michigan Health & Hospital Association, United States Pharmacopeia, and CivicaRx. Below are statements in support of the bill.  

    “ASHP strongly supports the MAPS Act. By requiring the Department of Health and Human services to coordinate with other agencies and the private sector to map the pharmaceutical supply chain, threats to the U.S. pharmaceutical supply chain can be identified and addressed before they place patients at risk,” said Tom Kraus, Vice President of ASHP Government Relations. 

    “ASCO applauds the introduction of the MAPS Act, which would provide needed tools to gain better visibility into the supply of critical prescription drugs in the United States,” said Eric P. Winer, MD, FASCO, Board Chair of the Association for Clinical Oncology. “We support efforts to recognize potential drug shortages earlier and to relay information to stakeholders to help them prepare for and mitigate possible supply challenges. The bipartisan work of Senators Peters, Ernst, Cotton, Kaine, Lankford and King, on this important legislation, advances these efforts.” 

    “Angels for Change proudly supports the MAPS Act—a vital step toward ending drug shortages and protecting patients,” said Laura Bray, Founder and Chief Change Maker of Angels for Change. “This bipartisan legislation will strengthen transparency and coordination across the entire drug supply chain, helping to detect and prevent disruptions before they impact care. Building the reliable supply chain patients deserve will require collaboration across government and industry. We applaud Senators Peters, Lankford, Ernst, Cotton, Kaine, King, and Scott for their leadership in prioritizing the safeguarding of Essential Medicines that will benefit all US patients.” 

    Joining King on this legislation are Senators Gary Peters (D-MI), James Lankford (R-OK), Joni Ernst (R-IA), Tom Cotton (R-AR), Tim Kaine (D-VA), and Rick Scott (R-FL).

    Senator King has consistently worked to increase transparency of prescriptions drugs. Earlier this year, he introduced bipartisan legislation to modernize and streamline drug testing protocols for better patient outcomes. Last year, he also introduced bicameral legislation to prohibit direct-to-consumer drug advertising of pharmaceutical drugs in the first three years after the drug receives Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Additionally, Senator King has introduced legislation to prohibit pharmaceutical drug manufacturers from claiming tax deductions for consumer advertising expenses.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Boyle Statement on President Biden’s Cancer Diagnosis

    Source: United States House of Representatives – Congressman Brendan Boyle (13th District of Pennsylvania)

    PHILADELPHIA, PA — Congressman Brendan F. Boyle (PA-02) released the following statement on President Biden being diagnosed with prostate cancer:

    “I’m deeply saddened to learn of President Biden’s prostate cancer diagnosis. Joe Biden is a fighter who has spent his life serving our country. As he now fights prostate cancer, he will be in my thoughts and prayers. I hope all Americans will join me in praying for his swift recovery.”

    ###

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI Global: How aid cuts could make vulnerable communities even less resilient to climate change

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Kalle Hirvonen, Senior Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Insitute; Research Fellow, UNU-WIDER, United Nations University

    An irrigation project in Mozambique. Marcos Villalta / Save the Children, CC BY-NC-ND

    As global temperatures rise and climate-related disasters become more frequent, the need to adapt is rapidly increasing. That need for adaptation – from adjusting farming practices to diversifying livelihoods and strengthening infrastructure – is most acute in vulnerable low- and middle-income countries such as Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Haiti and Vietnam.

    Despite contributing a negligible share of historical global greenhouse gas emissions, these countries are facing the brunt of climate change. Yet as the demand for long-term resilience grows, international aid priorities are shifting in the opposite direction.

    Over the past three years, several major rich countries have substantially cut their development aid budgets. Remaining funds have been redirected towards emergency relief.

    This shift could undermine the climate finance commitments made by wealthy countries to mobilise US$300 billion (£228 billion) a year for climate action in the most vulnerable low- and middle-income countries by 2035.

    Get your news from actual experts, straight to your inbox. Sign up to our daily newsletter to receive all The Conversation UK’s latest coverage of news and research, from politics and business to the arts and sciences.

    Emergency aid, while vital for saving lives during crises such as droughts and floods, is reactive by nature. It arrives only after disaster has struck, often with a substantial delay.

    By contrast, climate adaptation is proactive. It focuses on anticipating future risks and helping communities prepare for changing environments.

    A key part of this is supporting transitions away from sectors like crop agriculture that are particularly vulnerable to climate-related shocks. In some cases, adapting to a changing climate may also require helping families move safely — turning relocation into a choice rather than a last resort.

    In Ethiopia, one of the world’s most drought-prone countries, a US government-funded food security programme aimed to strengthen resilience by offering livelihood training, organising savings groups and providing a US$200 lump sum to poor rural households. Research shows that this programme improved food security and protected assets during periods of drought.

    Livestock farming in the Somali region of Ethiopia which was severely affected by droughts in 2011.
    Malini Morzaria/EUECHO, CC BY-NC-ND

    In Nicaragua, families who received cash transfers alongside vocational training or investment grants were better protected against drought shocks than those relying on cash alone. These households could supplement farming with other income sources. This made them less vulnerable to drought-related losses and helped stabilise their earnings throughout the year.

    These schemes are known as “cash-plus programmes”. They help create the conditions for households to adapt and thrive. But when climate and environmental shocks overwhelm the resilience of local communities, relocation may still become the only viable option.

    That’s why proactive adaptation efforts need to be scaled up and broadened — not only to meet immediate needs but to support longer-term transitions. This includes investing in sustainable livelihoods through diversified income sources, skills training and, when necessary, enabling safe and voluntary relocation.

    Some pilot interventions that supported seasonal rural-to-urban migration have shown what’s possible. In Bangladesh, a small migration subsidy of just US$8.50 helped the participating poor farm households affected by seasonal famine cover travel costs.

    Migration for temporary work increased by 22%, and families back home experienced improvements in food security. With even modest support, people were able to access job opportunities in cities and strengthen their resilience.

    Programmes that make it easier for people to choose to move from rural areas to cities could help families move with dignity rather than in desperation. However, scaling up such initiatives successfully remains a challenge, requiring strong political commitment and effective governance.

    Climate relocation

    Without proactive planning and support, migration often happens out of necessity rather than choice. This kind of displacement typically occurs within national borders rather than across continents — contrary to popular narratives.

    In fact, 59% of the world’s forcibly displaced population live within their own country. By the end of 2023, a record 75.9 million people across 116 countries were internally displaced — a 51% increase over the previous five years, driven in part by climate change.

    A family leave their home in Oklahoma, US, as a result of the 1930s dust bowl disaster.
    Dorothea Lange/Library of Congress, Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information.

    History provides sobering lessons about relocation triggered by environmental collapse. In the 1930s, a severe drought and dust storms struck the Great Plains in the US, creating the “dust bowl”. This devastated farmland and forced millions of people to leave their homes, as economic hardship became widespread and the land so degraded that crops wouldn’t grow.

    Today, similar patterns loom as droughts, floods and rising seas threaten livelihoods around the world. Small island states such as Tuvalu face existential threats from rising sea levels, with entire communities at risk of being displaced.

    These mounting threats underscore a hard truth: the window for effective climate adaptation is rapidly closing. As climate disruptions intensify, the case for long-term investment in resilience has never been clearer. Without proactive adaptation, the cycle of crisis and response will only deepen.

    Societies can adapt, but doing so takes foresight, investment and courage. In the face of escalating climate risks, bold, forward-looking policies are not a luxury — they are a necessity. By supporting longer-term strategies, rich-country governments and aid charities can enable vulnerable communities to withstand, adapt and, when necessary, move with dignity.

    Don’t have time to read about climate change as much as you’d like?

    Get a weekly roundup in your inbox instead. Every Wednesday, The Conversation’s environment editor writes Imagine, a short email that goes a little deeper into just one climate issue. Join the 45,000+ readers who’ve subscribed so far.

    Kalle Hirvonen’s recent and ongoing research has been funded by the CGIAR Trust Fund (https://www.cgiar.org/funders/), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.

    Olli-Pekka Kuusela does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. How aid cuts could make vulnerable communities even less resilient to climate change – https://theconversation.com/how-aid-cuts-could-make-vulnerable-communities-even-less-resilient-to-climate-change-255358

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Speaker Johnson Announces Bipartisan Congressional Delegation to Attend Pope Leo XIV’s Mass for the Beginning of his Pontificate

    Source: United States House of Representatives – Representative Mike Johnson (LA-04)

    Speaker Johnson Announces Bipartisan Congressional Delegation to Attend Pope Leo XIV’s Mass for the Beginning of his Pontificate

    Washington, May 17, 2025

    WASHINGTON — Speaker Johnson today announced a bipartisan Congressional delegation, led by Chairman French Hill (R-AR), is traveling to the Vatican to attend the inaugural Mass of His Holiness Pope Leo XIV.

    “I’m honored to send this Congressional Delegation to attend the inaugural mass of Pope Leo XIV, the first pope from America. I’ve asked Chairman French Hill to lead this group during their faith-filled visit,” said Speaker Johnson. “May God bless Pope Leo’s papacy during this historic time.”

    “It is a privilege to lead our U.S. House delegation to Rome for the inaugural Mass for His Holiness, Pope Leo XIV. As an American and a devout Catholic, it is an honor to represent the American people as we witness the continuity of faith and leadership that the papacy represents and to see the first American ascend to the Chair of Saint Peter. Around the world, Catholics are coming together in prayer and hope, and I look forward to celebrating this historic moment and offering my prayers for the new Pope as he begins his ministry,” said Chairman Hill.

    The Members of the Congressional Delegation are:

    1. The Honorable French Hill
    2. The Honorable Nancy Pelosi
    3. The Honorable Rosa DeLauro
    4. The Honorable Michael McCaul
    5. The Honorable Joe Courtney
    6. The Honorable Mike Kelly
    7. The Honorable Ann Wagner
    8. The Honorable Nanette Barragan
    9. The Honorable Madeleine Dean
    10. The Honorable Stephanie Bice
    11. The Honorable Michelle Fischbach
    12. The Honorable Andrew Garbarino
    13. The Honorable Mariannette Miller-Meeks
    14. The Honorable Jeff Hurd

    ###

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Prepared Remarks Before SEC Speaks

    Source: Securities and Exchange Commission

    Thank you, Cicely, for your kind introduction. Ladies and gentlemen, I am very happy to be with you at my first SEC Speaks conference as SEC Chairman, though I have been a regular at this event over the past 15 years or so.[1] 

    The event has experienced some rather precipitous fits and starts over the past couple of years, and I shall make sure that it stays on track as valuable, comprehensive public outreach by the agency. 

    I extend my thanks to the folks at the Practising Law Institute for organizing the conference. I would also like to thank:

    • The SEC staff who have the annual opportunity to talk a little bit publicly about their work over the past year and discuss some of the things that they expect to come in the next few months,
    • The commentators taking part on the various panels who can pose questions and make observations that can help to focus the discussion on critical topics and perspectives that might not be top of mind to those of us within the halls of the SEC,
    • You here live in the audience where you have a chance to meet each other and talk to panelists, and
    • You viewing online who have a convenient opportunity to participate virtually.  

    Innovation and the SEC

    Today I intend to discuss innovation. In particular, about how the Securities and Exchange Commission should not fear innovation. Rather, it should embrace and champion it.

    Markets, by their nature, evolve. They are dynamic because they are made up of human beings. When human beings encounter problems, they innovate to solve them because there is a demand — and there are rewards — for solutions. In a free society, human nature rises to the occasion with inventiveness and competitive spirit, plus Adam Smith’s invisible hand to provide incentives beyond mere altruism. All of that is a good thing.  

    Over the decades, including during my time as a Commissioner from 2002 to 2008 and before that on the staff of two SEC chairmen, the SEC has both enabled innovation and, unfortunately at times, stifled it. Fortunately, innovation — in other words, progress — eventually won the day. Let me take a few moments to revisit some recent history. 

    In the late 1960s, there was a big, beautiful bull market. Trading volume doubled to some 12 million shares a day — which I realize sounds quaint today — overwhelming the paper-based clearance and settlement systems and transfer agent duties. Efficiency began to deteriorate as rising stacks of paper stock certificates had to be physically delivered by clerks trundling carts carrying boxes of those paper certificates to and from various broker-dealers up and down Wall Street and in other financial districts all across America. Investors paid the price for this inefficiency as securities were misplaced, misdirected, lost, or delivered late. Fails ballooned and many inadequately capitalized broker-dealers were caught by that whiplash of scuttled transactions. As a Band-Aid, trading times each day were reduced and exchanges eventually closed on Wednesdays to allow firms time to process the mountains of certificates. At times, the New York Stock Exchange closed two days in a week to catch up on the paperwork.

    The breakdown over an antiquated system became known as the “Paperwork Crisis.”

    As William Dentzer, the first CEO of the Depository Trust Company, or DTC, put it: “The paperwork crisis caused the post-trade processing of hundreds of millions of dollars to be delayed or to fail entirely, dividends to investors to be misdirected, and brokerage firms to go bust.”[2]

    Very much to its credit, the SEC at the time was proactive. It was clear that what needed to be done was to move to electronic transactions and book-entry. But how would we get there? The agency constructively held roundtables and engaged with industry. It used its rulemaking authority and powers of persuasion to allow for new ways of back-office processing of trades and other efficiencies tied to information technology. As a result of that collaboration between the SEC and market participants, the DTC was eventually established as an industry co-operative, later becoming the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation. The computerization of securities was born with the SEC very much at the forefront of advancing that effort.

    As things go, that late 1960s bull market was inevitably followed by a severe, long-lived bear market. Many broker-dealers went out of business because of the crushing downturn in revenues, rather than inadequate back-office capacity as in the preceding bull market. The SEC worked with Congress and the securities industry to enact the Securities Investor Protection Act in 1970. That law established the Securities Investor Protection Corporation, an industry-backed insurance fund to protect investors from losses in the event their broker fails. It was a positive innovation for investors in which the SEC played a significant role.

    In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the American Stock Exchange and other organizations had come up with a creative response to the SEC’s identification of program trading of index stocks as a contributor to the 1987 market break. They proposed an instrument for trading a basket of stocks — “SPIDERS” — the S&P Depository Receipts, which is a basket of equities traded as a fund.  It was the earliest exchange-traded fund, or ETF. But, the proposal languished at the Commission for several years, as the Divisions at the time raised various issues with this new fund. In no uncertain terms, Chairman Richard Breeden demanded that the Division heads “figure it out”[3] and gave them a limited amount of time to do so. He was emphatic about getting it done right away. And the SEC did. The SPDR launched in 1993. Some at the SEC were worried whether the market would accept this innovation. In fact, it took some effort by the sponsoring firms to persuade institutions to purchase the product. But, it grew to $1 billion in three years. Chairman Breeden’s view was, let the market decide; we cannot be the arbiter. I think we can all agree that the innovation of SPDRs and ETFs has been a boon for investors. 

    During Arthur Levitt’s tenure as chairman in the mid-to-late 1990s, proprietary trading systems took off in popularity, controversially drawing trading off-exchange. Chairman Levitt believed that the SEC needed to provide regulatory flexibility for the electronic markets to be able to innovate. So, Regulation Alternative Trading Systems, or “Reg ATS,” adopted in 1999, allowed for ATSs to be regulated like broker-dealers, rather than exchanges. 

    As we moved to a new century, the market came up with another innovation: the gold fund, the first commodity ETF. This concept had been internally bouncing around the Divisions like a pinball and across town to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Although it took a while, innovation prevailed, and investors gained the option to invest in gold without physically owning it.

    Crypto Innovation

    This brings me to today. The crypto markets have been languishing in SEC limbo for years.

    Initially, the SEC first pursued what I call the “head-in-the-sand” approach — perhaps hoping that crypto would go away. Then, it pivoted and pursued a shoot-first-and-ask-questions-later approach of regulation through enforcement. The “just come in to visit” entreaty often meant coming home to a subpoena. It seemed like a catch-22 for market participants. This environment did not create trust. In reality, the message was, “You go figure it out.” That is a fine approach if the regulator plays an active role in interacting with the marketplace to encourage solutions and adapt existing rules and practices if the existing approaches are inapposite to new developments in technology. Old ways of doing things should not be immutable, especially if Congress has granted an agency discretion to make changes consistent with Congressional intent and in the public interest. While the SEC must be faithful to its statutes in any effort to be innovative, it should use its available authority and discretion to adapt to and accommodate new developments.

    The SEC’s claim at the time that it was willing to talk to prospective registrants proved ephemeral at best because the SEC made no adaptations to registration forms or other regulatory requirements to accommodate this new technology. I have been told that market participants would in good faith enter what they thought were policy meetings with Commission staff only to receive enforcement inquiries shortly after their meeting. If that culture were not bad enough, SEC leadership for too long prevented staff from communicating with market participants when complicated legal questions arose. I am pleased to announce that I recently directed Division of Corporation Finance staff to maintain transparent interactions with the public. When staff is allowed to talk openly with industry, market participants can move more nimbly and allocate capital to productive uses. 

    It is a new day at the SEC. While I have directed Commission staff across our policy Divisions to begin drafting rule proposals related to crypto, the staff continue to “clear the brush” through staff-level statements. For example, last week the staff of the Division of Trading and Markets issued a set of FAQs that addressed broker-dealer and transfer agent questions. While the views of the staff are not rules or regulations of the Commission, they can provide useful insights for the public.[4] Ultimately, the Commission is, of course, responsible and must itself squarely address these issues to ensure that the public has clear rules of the road. 

    Last, as I mentioned at a recent Crypto Task Force roundtable, I would like the Commission to allow SEC registrants to custody and trade both securities and non-securities under one roof. Enabling this reality could reduce costs for investors while allowing non-security trading to enter a regulated environment at the federal level expeditiously. This would be an initial step towards the possibility of eventually achieving a “super-app” reality. Thank you to Commissioner Hester Peirce, the Crypto Task Force, and Trading and Markets staff for their continued efforts.       

    FinHub

    In keeping with this theme of innovation and the progress of the Crypto Task Force, we have asked Congress for reprogramming approval to integrate the functions of the agency’s Strategic Hub for Innovation and Financial Technology, or “FinHub” into other parts of the agency.  

    Established in 2018, FinHub was created during a critical period of emerging technologies. The rapid development of distributed ledger technology, including digital assets, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, required a centralized effort to build understanding at the SEC. Unfortunately, FinHub over time came to be perceived by many in the digital asset industry as a tool for enforcement rather than a tool to foster innovation. Moreover, as currently constituted, FinHub is too small to be viable and efficient, and this staff expertise can be better utilized elsewhere in the agency.

    The principles and priorities under which FinHub was founded are being integrated into the very fabric of the SEC. I will ensure that innovation will be ingrained in the culture SEC-wide, as it should be, and not focused on one small office.

    Investing in Private Funds

    Financial innovation sometimes means getting out of the way of capital formation and allowing all investors to gain the benefits of our robust markets.

    Since 2002, the SEC staff has taken the position that closed-end funds investing 15% or more of their assets in private funds should impose a minimum initial investment requirement of $25,000 and restrict sales to investors that satisfy the accredited investor standard.  As a result, many retail investors have missed out on opportunities to invest in closed-end funds that invest in private investment funds, like hedge funds and private equity funds.

    Much has changed since 2002 — including the growth of private markets and the increased oversight and enhanced reporting by both private fund advisers and registered funds. Indeed, in the last 10 years alone, private fund assets have almost tripled from $11.6 trillion to $30.9 trillion.[5]  Allowing this option could increase investment opportunities for retail investors seeking to diversify their investment allocation in line with their investment time horizon and risk tolerance.

    With this in mind, I intend to have the Commission address this situation and reconsider this 23-year-old practice concerning investments by closed-end funds in private funds. This common-sense approach will give all investors the ability to seek exposure to a growing and important asset class, while still providing the investor protections afforded to registered funds. We must consider and resolve important disclosure issues for these products, particularly for those that trade on exchanges, including conflicts of interest, illiquidity, and fees.

    CAT

    Before I close, I want to mention a topic that has drawn significant scrutiny, the Consolidated Audit Trail, known by the innocuous-sounding nickname “CAT.” This particular “CAT” has quite an appetite for data and computer power, with costs rising to nearly $250 million a year. These costs are divvied up and eventually, one way or another, fall on the shoulders of investors. The financial services industry and Congress have rightly pushed back on the seemingly endless cost increases and the risks of storing so much sensitive data together. Much of the increases are due to changing demands for information and access.

    Therefore, I have instructed the staff to undertake a comprehensive review of the CAT. In addition to examining the costs of the system, I would like to see the staff take a hard look at the reporting requirements and scope of what is collected. I look forward to the agency engaging with the public on this important issue.

    Conclusion

    As I begin my tenure as Chairman, I can tell you that we are getting back to our roots of promoting, rather than stifling, innovation. The markets innovate, and the SEC should not be in the business of telling them to stand still.

    It is a new day at the SEC, and I look forward to what we are going to be able to accomplish for investors and the markets.

    Thank you.

    [1] These remarks reflect my individual views as Chairman of the Commission and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Commission or my fellow Commissioners.

    [4] See 17 C.F.R. § 202.1(d).  Staff statements represent the views of the respective office or division; they are not rules, regulations, or statements of the Commission.  Further, the Commission neither approves nor disapproves their content.  Staff statements have no legal force or effect: they do not alter or amend applicable law, and they create no new or additional obligations for any person.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Jefferson, Liquidity Facilities: Purposes and Functions

    Source: US State of New York Federal Reserve

    Thank you, President Bostic, for that kind introduction and for the opportunity to talk to this group today.1 I am delighted to be here, and I look forward to discussions at this important conference.
    The theme of today’s conference is developments in financial intermediation and potential implications for monetary policy. As this conference embarks on a larger discussion of the role of banks and nonbanks in various market segments—including credit markets, Treasury and money markets, and payments—I believe it is worth taking a step back to explore an important background factor, which is how and why central banks provide liquidity.

    The provision of liquidity by central banks is a foundational element of financial intermediation. Central banks should be able to provide liquidity effectively for the financial system to function smoothly. Today, I will take this opportunity to discuss some aspects of liquidity provision by the central banks. Of course, the main forms of liquidity provided by central banks—namely, currency and bank reserves—are the foundation of safe liquidity in the economy. It is vital for a central bank to make clear that it stands ready to provide liquidity should stress emerge. But a central bank must also take steps to minimize moral hazard. “Moral hazard” in this context refers to the concern that publicly provided liquidity might encourage private financial institutions to take on excessive risk.
    What I would like to focus on in this speech are two types of liquidity provision that aim to reduce the frictions associated with the basic operations of banks. The first type of liquidity is intraday credit, which is key in handling payment system frictions during the day, and the second one is overnight credit, which deals with a range of frictions.2 I will also highlight some design features of broadly similar liquidity facilities in three other advanced economies: the U.K., Japan, and the euro area. I believe it is valuable to look at other central banks’ experiences with liquidity provision, which entails recognizing the important differences that exist across jurisdictions and mandates and considering what lessons can be learned.
    At their core, liquidity facilities support the smooth operation and stability of the banking system, the effective implementation of monetary policy, and the furtherance of a safe and efficient payment system. This activity in turn supports the flow of credit to businesses and households. Last year, the Federal Reserve Board issued a public request for information (RFI) seeking to identify operational frictions in these facilities, and those comments are under review. I hope that today’s discussion about how facilities operate in the U.S. and around the globe can further that dialogue among participants at this conference.
    How It Works in the U.S.Let me start by discussing how liquidity provisions work in the U.S., as summarized in slide 3. Banks maintain deposit accounts at the Federal Reserve (Fed). The balances in these accounts, known as reserves, are the most liquid assets that banks have and are used to meet payment flows as households and business customers of banks carry out their regular business. Banks often experience mismatches in the timing of payment inflows and outflows, which could occasionally cause the balance in a bank’s account at the Fed to become negative. To help institutions manage this mismatch and promote the smooth functioning of the payment system, the Fed extends intraday credit, also known as daylight overdrafts.
    Intraday credit facilities provide temporary credit to depository institutions such as commercial banks and credit unions to foster the smooth functioning of the payment system. If a bank temporarily lacks the funds to process payments, it can use intraday credit to avoid delaying payments until it has sufficient liquidity. The Fed provides intraday credit on both a collateralized and an uncollateralized basis. Collateralized intraday credit is provided free of charge, whereas uncollateralized credit incurs a fee. Since this type of credit is provided on an intraday basis, the Fed expects banks to have positive balances in their accounts by the end of the operational day. If a bank has a negative balance at the end of day, it incurs an overnight overdraft and pays a penalty.
    The Fed also provides overnight credit through the discount window to approved counterparties against a broad range of collateral. This type of liquidity provision is designed to mitigate short-term misallocations of liquidity. For example, a bank may need to settle a large payment at the end of the day, but it may temporarily have insufficient funds in its account to do so. To meet the payment obligation, the bank could borrow in private interbank markets—in which financial institutions lend funds to each other on a short-term basis—or from the central bank. The rate on overnight credit also helps central banks with monetary policy implementation. In addition, overnight liquidity facilities often serve as a first line of defense against stresses, and they stand ready to provide liquidity when institutions face outflows.
    All discount window loans are collateralized, and a wide range of bank assets, including a variety of loans and securities, are eligible to serve as collateral.3 The Fed operates three separate facilities under the discount window: primary credit, secondary credit, and seasonal credit.
    The first one, primary credit, is available to generally sound banks at a rate that is currently set at the top of the target range for the federal funds rate. Providing liquidity at this rate supports the implementation of monetary policy because institutions can turn to the Fed if conditions tighten in money markets that might otherwise push overnight money market rates above levels that would be consistent with the Fed’s target range. As I noted earlier, primary credit also helps deal with idiosyncratic funding challenges that banks might be experiencing. Most of the funding provided is on an overnight basis; however, funding is available for up to 90 days.
    The next one, secondary credit, is available to banks that are not sufficiently healthy to have access to primary credit. It is available at a higher rate, features higher haircuts on collateral, and is limited to overnight credit.4
    The third facility, seasonal credit, provides short-term liquidity to smaller institutions that experience sizable seasonal fluctuations in their balance sheets. Typically, these are banks located in agricultural or tourist areas.
    Short-Term Credit Provision across JurisdictionsLooking at central banks’ experiences across jurisdictions provides useful insights about different approaches to providing liquidity.5 Central banks choose a combination of interest rates, collateral requirements, collateral valuation practices, and other design features to encourage usage of facilities while minimizing undesired consequences—in particular, moral hazard. For example, a central bank facility that provides liquidity at an attractive interest rate could be very effective in ensuring that shocks to the financial system do not disrupt the flow of credit but may potentially increase moral hazard. If that facility only accepted a narrow set of high-quality collateral, however, then the moral hazard associated with it could be reduced. Alternatively, the usage of a facility that charges an interest rate above the market rate (a so-called penalty rate) is likely limited, but if the facility accepted a broad range of collateral, usage can be encouraged.6 In these two examples, the counterbalancing choices are with respect to the interest rate charged and the eligible collateral. Different central banks might prefer one approach over the other depending on specific aspects of their frameworks and banking systems.
    Of course, there are challenges in comparing liquidity facilities across jurisdictions given important differences with respect to central banks’ legal authorities, monetary policy frameworks, the size of the economy and financial sector, and institutional structures. This divergence is also true across the four advanced economies that I will consider today: the U.S., the U.K., Japan, and the euro area. There can be large differences in each jurisdiction’s banking sector and central bank balance sheets relative to the size of their economies, highlighting the need to use caution when comparing aspects of their liquidity provision.
    With that caveat in mind, let’s look at the design features of some foreign central bank liquidity facilities that are fairly similar to the Fed’s discount window. As shown in figure 1, the Bank of England (BOE) operates two such short-term facilities: an operational standing facility and a discount window. The operational standing facility features lower rates but restricts acceptable collateral to high-quality, highly liquid sovereign debt. The discount window facility accepts a broader range of collateral but charges a higher rate.
    Which facility an eligible borrower turns to in the U.K. depends on the sorts of collateral that are being pledged. In the U.S., whether an institution has access to primary or secondary credit depends on the condition of the borrower. The BOE monitors borrower conditions, and the Fed also sets haircuts on collateral based on asset riskiness. The differences in design considerations could influence how eligible borrowers integrate these facilities into their regular liquidity management practices.
    The Bank of Japan (BOJ) has two facilities: one that provides overnight loans and another that provides somewhat longer-term funding up to three months. Because the BOJ has been operating a system with a very large supply of reserves for some time, its lending facilities tend not to be used extensively, other than in stress periods.
    The European Central Bank (ECB) operates a marginal lending facility quite similar to the Fed’s discount window. It can meet the idiosyncratic funding needs of individual banks and serves as a ceiling on interbank rates and thus helps the ECB implement monetary policy. This facility is an important element of the ECB framework even though the ECB’s approach to monetary policy implementation involves providing the banking system with a sizable amount of reserves through weekly (repo) lending operations.7
    The international differences show that central banks can accomplish their objectives using facilities with quite different designs. As I noted earlier, one of the vital purposes of a short-term liquidity facility is to be able to provide support to the banking systems during stress. The Fed, the BOE, the BOJ, and the ECB have been able to do so. Figure 2 shows short-term credit provision over time for the four central banks: the BOJ, the green line; the Fed, the black line; the ECB, the blue line; and the BOE, the red line.8 Each line is the monthly short-term credit outstanding as a share of central bank assets in 2019. This figure illustrates a few important points.
    First, at most times, use of the short-term central bank liquidity facilities is modest. Second, central bank provision of short-term liquidity can increase very rapidly during times of stress.9 For example, the Fed and the ECB provided substantial short-term liquidity during the 2007–09 financial crisis. Third, the figure also illustrates that stress is not always global in nature and peak usage does not necessarily coincide. For instance, short-term liquidity provision rose in the euro area during the European sovereign debt crisis that began in late 2009 and peaked in 2012, but it did not increase much in the U.S. Similarly, short-term liquidity provision increased in the U.S. during the March 2023 banking stress episode, but it did not increase in the euro area. I also want to highlight that during stress events, central banks complement their regular short-term standing liquidity facilities with other facilities. Therefore, stress events may not necessarily result in an increase in liquidity provision through a short-term standing facility.
    Now let’s turn to more recent developments. Over the past few years, as central banks have shrunk their balance sheets, liquidity has been gradually reduced, which has made the existing liquidity provision tools more relevant. The BOE and the ECB have indicated that they are moving toward operating frameworks in which short-term liquidity providing repo operations will play a key role.10
    The Fed has stated that it will continue to operate in an ample-reserves regime. In this regime, the primary credit rate is positioned to be slightly above the rate expected to prevail in interbank markets so use of the discount window should typically remain modest. Still, the facility remains available to be used. Figure 3 shows the discount window credit as a share of Fed assets over the past decade. As you can see from this figure, over the past few years, the discount window has been used more than was the case before the pandemic. Increased usage may be due to the discount rate being set closer to private market rates than was the case before the pandemic, the availability of longer maturity loans, and shifts in communication.
    Intraday Credit Provision across JurisdictionsJust as there are differences with respect to the provision of overnight liquidity across central banks, there are also differences in the provision of intraday credit. One difference is with respect to unresolved intraday overdrafts. As I noted earlier, it is possible for banks to incur overnight overdrafts if they fail to take such action as requesting an overnight loan, although overnight overdrafts are not considered business as usual and carry a penalty rate in the U.S., currently set at the primary credit rate plus 400 basis points.11 The BOJ does something quite similar. By charging a high penalty on overnight overdrafts, both the Fed and the BOJ discourage overdrafts.
    In contrast to the Fed and the BOJ, the ECB and the BOE can automatically convert most of the intraday overdrafts into an overnight loan from the business-as-usual facility seamlessly, without action on the part of the bank, against the same collateral at the end of the day.12 That feature creates a greater similarity between intraday credit and overnight credit in those jurisdictions. The relationship between intraday credit and overnight credit is going to be an important one for central banks amid developments in payment systems, including advances in technology and the expansion of payment system operating hours.
    ConclusionToday, I provided an overview of the Fed’s provision of liquidity through the discount window and intraday credit and highlighted some similarities and differences across jurisdictions. In summary, the Fed’s discount window and intraday credit facilities have many features that are similar to those found in other central bank facilities. While differences in institutional, legal, and financial system structures across jurisdictions make central bank short-term lending context specific, looking at the experiences of central banks across other jurisdictions is informative, as central banks share similar goals and face similar challenges when it comes to liquidity provision.
    The Fed is continually assessing and striving to improve the operational aspects of discount window and intraday credit. The Federal Reserve System has made several important advancements to ensure that liquidity provision meets the needs of the 21st century economy. For example, Reserve Banks have worked to streamline the use of electronic files when establishing access to the discount window and made technological advancements in the process for requesting a discount window loan. The Federal Reserve System launched a convenient online portal called “Discount Window Direct” for requesting and prepaying discount window loans that is generally accessible to banks 24–7. To improve familiarity with the discount window, Reserve Banks have conducted outreach to banks and made efforts to guide them in using the program.
    To complement these efforts, the Board issued an RFI last September seeking input on the operations of the discount window and intraday credit. Any issues identified in the responses to the RFI can help the Fed understand further improvements that may promote efficiency and reduce the burden on banks.
    I look forward to hearing insights you may have into central banks’ liquidity facilities and how these issues intersect with the topics that will be discussed at this conference. Thank you!
    ReferencesArseneau, David, Mark Carlson, Kathryn Chen, Matt Darst, Dylan Kirkeeng, Elizabeth Klee, Matt Malloy, Benjamin Malin, Emilie O’Malley, Friederike Niepmann, Mary-Frances Styczynski, Melissa Vanouse, and Alexandros P. Vardoulakis (2025). “Central Bank Liquidity Facilities around the World,” FEDS Notes. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, February 26.
    Jefferson, Philip N. (2024a). “A History of the Fed’s Discount Window: 1913–2000,” speech delivered at Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina, October 8.
    Jefferson, Philip N. (2024b). “The Fed’s Discount Window: 1990 to the Present,” speech delivered at the Charlotte Economics Club, Charlotte, North Carolina, October 9.

    1. The views expressed here are my own and are not necessarily those of my colleagues on the Federal Reserve Board or the Federal Open Market Committee. Return to text
    2. I refer to primary credit lending as overnight lending for simplicity even though banks are able to borrow for maturities of up to three months. The vast majority of primary credit lending is overnight. See Jefferson (2024a) and (2024b) for a summary of the evolution of the discount window. Return to text
    3. Examples of assets that may serve as collateral include, but are not limited to, U.S. Treasury securities, investment-grade corporate bonds, U.S. government agency-backed mortgage securities, commercial and industrial loans, commercial real estate loans, agricultural loans secured by farmland, one- to four-family mortgage loans, and auto loans. For more detail on assets that may serve as collateral, please see Federal Reserve Banks (n.d.), “Collateral Eligibility – Securities and Loans,” Discount Window Direct. Return to text
    4. The Fed lends less than the fair market value of the collateral provided to manage the credit risk associated with its lending operations. For example, if a bank needs a loan of $100, a portfolio of securities valued at $200 may be required to be posted if the discount or haircut associated with that portfolio is 50 percent. The difference between the amount that the Fed will lend on a particular asset and the fair market value of that asset reflects the haircut, or margin. These haircuts differ, for instance, with the historical price volatility and credit risk associated with the asset. Information on the haircuts for different assets may be found at Federal Reserve Banks (n.d.), “Collateral Valuation,” Discount Window Direct. Return to text
    5. See Arseneau and others (2025). Return to text
    6. A penalty rate in the Board’s emergency lending regulation is defined as a rate that is higher than the market rate in normal circumstances, affords liquidity in unusual and exigent circumstances, and encourages repayment of the credit and discourages use of the program or facility as the unusual and exigent circumstances that motivated the program or facility recede and economic conditions normalize. See Regulation A—Extensions of Credit by Federal Reserve Banks, 12 CFR pt. 201.4(d)(7) (2024). Return to text
    7. See Isabel Schnabel (2024), “The Eurosystem’s Operational Framework,” speech delivered at the Money Market Contact Group meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, March 14. Return to text
    8. Values in figure 2 represent the marginal lending facility for the euro area, the complementary lending facility for Japan, the operational standing lending facility for the U.K., and primary credit for the U.S. Return to text
    9. See Jefferson (2024a) for a longer historical perspective on the Fed’s liquidity provision over time. Return to text
    10. See, for example, B (2024), “Transitioning to a Repo-Led Operating Framework,” discussion paper (London: BOE, December 9).
    See, for example, Schnabel, “The Eurosystem’s Operational Framework.” Return to text
    11. See Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2023), Federal Reserve Policy on Payment System Risk (PDF), (Washington: Board of Governors), p. 33. Return to text
    12. The BOE is a special case because, for most institutions, intraday overdrafts are seamlessly converted into an overnight loan if the institution signed up to use the operational standing facility in advance. Institutions that have not signed up in advance and end the day with an overdrawn reserve account face an overdraft charge of 2 percent plus the Bank Rate or another rate set at discretion. Return to text

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI: Hyra Holdings Approves $500M Venture Fund and IPO Roadmap to 2030 at 2025 Annual Meeting

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    HANOI, Vietnam, May 19, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Hyra Holdings, a global technology investment group, today announced the formal approval of the Hyra Combinator Fund, a $500 million venture initiative aimed at accelerating innovation in AI, fintech, and post-quantum security. The decision was made at the company’s 2025 Annual General Meeting (AGM), where shareholders also reaffirmed the group’s IPO roadmap targeting 2030.

    These initiatives mark strategic milestones for Hyra Holdings as it expands its role as a catalyst for frontier innovation in emerging markets.

     

    The 2025 Annual General Meeting marks a strategic turning point in Hyra Holdings’ global expansion journey

    Hyra Combinator Fund: Fueling Deeptech in Emerging Markets

    The Hyra Combinator Fund will operate under a blended capital model, pooling resources from Hyra Holdings, global VC firms, and public–private co-investment platforms. By 2030, the fund aims to back over 150 high-potential startups working in:

    • Decentralized AI infrastructure
    • Next-generation fintech and digital banking
    • Post-quantum cryptography and cybersecurity

    “We’re not just allocating capital—we’re building deep, long-term innovation infrastructure in regions where it’s most needed,” said Chung Tran, Founder & Chairman of Hyra Holdings.

    Shark Pham Thanh Hung Joins as Independent Board Member

    At the AGM, Hyra Holdings also welcomed Mr. Pham Thanh Hung (Shark Hung) as an Independent Board Member, reinforcing the company’s commitment to good corporate governance and strategic capital alignment.

    “My role is to provide independent oversight, promote transparency, and help connect Hyra with domestic and international investment partners. Hyra’s vision in decentralized AI and post-quantum security is both timely and globally relevant,” said Mr. Pham Thanh Hung. 

    IPO Roadmap and Hybrid Holding Model

    Although still a private company, Hyra Holdings has adopted an IPO-ready structure aligned with international standards. The group operates under a Hybrid Holding Model—centralized strategic direction at the parent level with decentralized execution through its product companies.

    The IPO roadmap includes potential listings in Singapore, Dubai, and the United States, with targets for 2030 including:

    • Launch of 9 flagship technology products
    • Expansion into 30+ international markets
    • Development of a decentralized compute infrastructure exceeding 1 billion TFLOPS

    About Hyra Holdings

    Hyra Holdings is a global innovation group founded in 2021 and headquartered in Vietnam, with operations across Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and the United States. The company invests in and builds foundational technologies in decentralized AI, Layer-3 blockchain, fintech, and post-quantum security, combining venture capital strategy with product ecosystem development to enable inclusive and sustainable innovation at scale.

    Media Contact
    Website: https://hyraholdings.com
    Email: press@hyraholdings.com
    LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/company/hyraholdings

    Photos accompanying this announcement are available at:
    https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/d4b2fc09-0e34-4ee7-9c64-bc15fab22f11
    https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/bb9df965-4a79-4a07-a322-821f0112fd53

    The MIL Network –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Beach Safety Week 2025

    Source: US National Ocean Service News

    dot gov icon

    Official websites use .gov
    A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

    https icon

    Secure websites use HTTPS
    A small lock or https:// means you’ve safely connected to a .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: ICE San Diego arrests previously removed Mexican national with criminal history

    Source: US Immigration and Customs Enforcement

    May 19, 2025San Diego, CA, United StatesEnforcement and Removal

    SAN DIEGO – On May 15, during enforcement operations, ERO San Diego arrested Jesus Bahena, a 49-year-old Mexican citizen. Bahena’s criminal history includes convictions for aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, obstructing law enforcement, and dissuading a witness. Despite multiple removals from the US, Bahena has re-entered the country without admission or parole and has been found illegally residing within the US, continuing to violate federal laws and poses a threat to the community.

    Following his arrest, Bahena was served with a notice of intent to reinstate his previous removal order. His case has been accepted for prosecution under Title 8, U.S. Code, Section 1326. He was subsequently taken into custody by the Bureau of Prisons pending his arraignment before a U.S. magistrate judge.

    Members of the public can report crimes and suspicious activity by dialing 866-DHS-2-ICE (866-347-2423) or completing the online tip form.

    Learn more about ICE’s mission to increase public safety in San Diego on X, formerly known as Twitter, at @EROSanDiego.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI: Infinium will deploy Electric Hydrogen’s electrolyzer plant at large-scale eFuels facility in Texas

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    PECOS, Texas, May 19, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Electric Hydrogen, an American manufacturer of high-power electrolyzer plants, announced today that Infinium, a leading producer of commercial eFuels, has selected Electric Hydrogen’s 100 megawatt (MW) HYPRPlant for its large-scale eFuels facility in Texas, Project Roadrunner.

    Electric Hydrogen’s HYPRPlant is a complete solution that lowers hydrogen total installed project cost by up to 60% relative to other electrolyzer solutions. The company manufactures HYPRPlants in the United States: its proprietary electrochemical stacks are built in Electric Hydrogen’s Massachusetts gigafactory while the chemical process modules are manufactured in Texas, drawing on strong local expertise from the oil and gas industry. Electric Hydrogen’s innovative technology and modular manufacturing approach make the HYPRPlant less expensive and more reliable than imported Chinese product, enhancing American energy technology leadership and competitiveness.

    “We are very pleased to be working with Electric Hydrogen and have been impressed with the HYPRPlant design and commercial package,” said Robert Schuetzle, CEO of Infinium. “Low-cost renewable hydrogen is a critical component to eFuel production, and the industry needs the kind of innovation and thoughtful execution we have seen from Electric Hydrogen.”

    Once production begins, Project Roadrunner—expected to be the largest eFuels production facility in the world—will produce sustainable aviation fuel (eSAF), eDiesel and eNaphtha from CO2, power and water for the aviation, heavy-duty trucking, plastics and maritime sectors. The project will bolster American technological advances and bring skilled jobs and economic growth to West Texas. Many of those workers are expected to bring skills and expertise they developed in the oil and gas sector. The facility is projected to commence commercial e-fuels production in 2027.

    “This cutting-edge project exemplifies how low-cost, industrial-scale clean hydrogen production will drive new markets for American-made fuels and support the buildout of domestic manufacturing facilities,” said Raffi Garabedian, Electric Hydrogen’s CEO and Co-founder. “We’re honored to be selected as Infinium’s electrolyzer manufacturer of choice.”

    Brookfield Asset Management and Breakthrough Energy Catalyst are financing partners for Infinium’s Project Roadrunner, making it the world’s first large-scale project-financed eFuels project. The project will supply sustainable aviation fuel over a 10-year period to International Airlines Group (IAG), one of the largest airline companies in the world through subsidiaries Aer Lingus, British Airways, Iberia, LEVEL and Vueling.

    This project announcement follows the unveiling of HYPRPlant, the announcement of Electric Hydrogen’s strategic partnership with Texas-based Titan Production Equipment and the company’s selection as Uniper’s exclusive electrolysis partner for the 200MW Green Wilhemshaven project in Northern Germany.

    To learn more about Electric Hydrogen’s HYPRPlant, visit https://eh2.com/.

    About Electric Hydrogen 
    Electric Hydrogen manufactures, delivers and commissions the world’s most powerful electrolyzers to make clean hydrogen projects economically viable today. The company’s complete HYPRPlant includes all system components required to turn water and electricity into the lowest cost clean hydrogen. Electric Hydrogen has a team of more than 300 people in the United States and Europe. The company was founded in 2020 and is headquartered in Devens, Massachusetts. To learn more about how critical industries leverage Electric Hydrogen’s advanced proton exchange membrane (PEM) technology, visit https://eh2.com/.

    About Infinium
    Infinium is a leading provider of gas conversion solutions and developer of eFuels projects. Our offerings include ultra-low carbon synthetic eFuels, solutions enabling monetization of flare gas and RNG, and patented technology designed to support the rapidly evolving energy industry. Infinium is a company of “firsts”—the first to produce commercial volumes of power-to-liquid clean eFuels; the first to develop and deploy modular gas conversion technology; and the only clean fuels innovator offering end-to-end solutions to customers at every step in their energy journey. Industry leaders including Amazon, American Airlines, Borealis and IAG are customers of Infinium. Learn more at www.infiniumco.com.

    Contact
    V2 Communications for Electric Hydrogen
    electrichydrogen@v2comms.com

    Photos accompanying this announcement are available at:

    https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/3117612d-0390-47a5-95db-6815670b9948

    https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/99612c8f-dd87-434c-af24-cb006611fd8a

    The MIL Network –

  • MIL-OSI Europe: OSCE strengthens Montenegro’s border security with training on arms and human trafficking

    Source: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe – OSCE

    Headline: OSCE strengthens Montenegro’s border security with training on arms and human trafficking

    Participants in an OSCE training for Montenegrin border and criminal police officers on combating arms and human trafficking, Bar, 13 May 2025. (OSCE/Katerina Koci) Photo details

    The OSCE is helping strengthen Montenegro’s ability to combat arms and human trafficking through targeted training for border and criminal police officers. From 13 to 16 May in Bar, Montenegro, the OSCE Transnational Threats Department (TNTD), in close co-ordination with the OSCE Mission to Montenegro, trained 15 officers from Montenegro’s Police Directorate as part of its ongoing support for border security and management.
    The course marked another deployment of the OSCE-led Mobile Training Team (MTT). It brought together expert trainers from the national police forces of North Macedonia and Tunisia, the OSCE Forum for Security and Co-operation, and INTERPOL’s I-Force Project as well as national experts from the Ministry of the Interior, the criminal police and the Forensic Centre of Montenegro, along with representatives from the US Embassy including the Director of its Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs.
    “This course is part of our long-standing support to participating States in strengthening border security in a human right-based way. Montenegro’s location, bordering the Schengen area, places it at a crucial juncture in the regional and European security landscape: a place where threats can be intercepted, co-operation can begin, and resilience is built,” highlighted Siv-Katrine Leirtroe, Head of TNTD’s Border Security and Management Unit.
    Participants took part in hands-on scenario-based exercises, real-life operational case studies and theoretical sessions tailored to Montenegro’s context. The training focused on detecting and responding to indicators of trafficking in human beings using a victim-centred approach. The segment on arms trafficking furthermore explored Montenegro’s national profile and regional trafficking trends, introducing international tools such as INTERPOL’s iARMS database. The course promoted stronger interagency co-operation and emphasized human rights principles as well as gender- and age-sensitive approaches in border security controls.
    “For Montenegro, the fight against trafficking in weapons and human beings is a key priority in safeguarding national and regional security. Only through co-ordinated efforts, information exchange, and continuous training can we effectively respond to threats that undermine the rule of law and the safety of our citizens,” said Predrag Savovic, Senior Police Inspector, Head of the Small Arms and Light Weapons Commission of Montenegro. 
    This training course is part of the OSCE extrabudgetary project “Training and Deployment of OSCE Mobile Training Team to Better Address Challenges in Identifying the Cross-Border Movement of Foreign Terrorist Fighters and Other Cross-Border Crimes in the OSCE Area–Phase II”, funded by Germany and the United States.

    MIL OSI Europe News –

  • MIL-OSI: LIS Technologies Inc. to Unleash American Energy: Closing of Third Consecutive Oversubscribed Funding Round of $11.93M and Totaling Over $47M to Rebirth the Only United States Origin and Patented Technology for Laser Uranium Enrichment

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    Oak Ridge, Tennessee, May 19, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — LIS Technologies Inc. (“LIST” or “the Company”), a proprietary developer of advanced laser technology and the only USA-origin and patented laser uranium enrichment company, today announced that it has closed its third consecutive oversubscribed funding round of $11.93 million and now totaling over $47 Million raised to date. The round drew continued support from repeat investors, including Innovating Capital, alongside other prominent, seasoned and industry investors in advanced nuclear technology.

    Due to a growing appetite within the United States for a robust domestic nuclear fuel supply chain, alongside strong support from returning investors, the Company’s recent financing round was oversubscribed. The raise underscores LIST’s position as an emerging leader in the United States enriched uranium fuel market and validates the Company’s success in attracting and retaining top researchers, scientists, regulatory experts and former U.S. national leaders to help drive the revival of the nation’s only patented laser‑enrichment technology.

    “Despite the volatile market conditions of this year, we continue to deliver on our objectives, and investors clearly recognize the value of our progress,” said Jay Yu, Executive Chairman and President of LIS Technologies Inc. “This marks our third consecutive oversubscribed financing round, highlighting investor’s confidence in LIST’s seasoned management team and our mission to revive the only U.S.‑origin, patented laser enrichment technology, which was independently evaluated and determined to meet all elements required for TRL-4, conforming to the Department of Energy guide DOE G 413.3-4A. We are here to answer the call and help build back the United States’ nuclear capabilities, support a reliable, robust domestic fuel supply for current civil nuclear reactors, microreactors, small modular reactors and to truly unleash American energy.”

    In late 2024, LIS Technologies Inc. was selected as one of six domestic companies to participate in the Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU) Enrichment Acquisition Program. This initiative allocates up to $3.4 billion overall, with contracts lasting for up to 10 years. Each awardee is slated to receive a minimum contract of $2 million.

    The Company’s proprietary Condensation Repression Isotope Selective Laser Activation (CRISLA) technology is the world’s only proven U.S.-origin and patented advanced laser enrichment solution. Optimized for Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU), which is crucial for the continued operation of the United States’ current fleet of 94 nuclear reactors, and High-Assay Low-Enriched Uranium (HALEU), which is required to power the next generation of advanced nuclear reactors, CRISLA overcomes many of the complexities and limitations of traditional 16um CO2 lasers, featuring a streamlined design due to its lower absorption and shorter wavelength at 5.3µm. The CRISLA-3G laser isotope separation technology was recently evaluated and determined to meet all elements required for TRL-4, conforming to the Department of Energy guide DOE G 413.3-4A and is protected by a patent from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

    “The success of this and our previous raises underscores the confidence that investors have in our mission, team and technology,” said Christo Liebenberg, Co-Founder and CEO of LIS Technologies Inc. “This raise will enable us to continue growing operations, add more senior technical engineers, regulatory leaders and to rapidly advance our projects, which would be closer to demonstration activities crucial for meeting the Company’s growth objectives.”

    The funding secured in this raise will enable the Company to advance into its next phase of growth. This includes systems engineering, integration and testing of our Test Demonstration Facility in our newly upgraded laboratories in Oak Ridge TN, while also developing LIST’s own proprietary lasers in the United States. Our goal over the next couple years is to not only repeat earlier baseline results, but to optimize it, and then demonstrate that our technology can produce LEU in a single stage, and HALEU in two stages, with fully scaled and industrialized equipment. The funding also allows us to diversify the CRISLA technology into stable isotopes and medical isotopes.

    About LIS Technologies Inc.

    LIS Technologies Inc. (LIST) is a USA based, proprietary developer of a patented advanced laser technology, making use of infrared lasers to selectively excite the molecules of desired isotopes to separate them from other isotopes. The Laser Isotope Separation Technology (L.I.S.T) has a huge range of applications, including being the only USA-origin (and patented) laser uranium enrichment company, and several major advantages over traditional methods such as gas diffusion, centrifuges, and prior art laser enrichment. The LIST proprietary laser-based process is more energy-efficient and has the potential to be deployed with highly competitive capital and operational costs. L.I.S.T is optimized for LEU (Low Enriched Uranium) for existing civilian nuclear power plants, High-Assay LEU (HALEU) for the next generation of Small Modular Reactors (SMR) and Microreactors, the production of stable isotopes for medical and scientific research, and applications in quantum computing manufacturing for semiconductor technologies. The Company employs a world class nuclear technical team working alongside leading nuclear entrepreneurs and industry professionals, possessing strong relationships with government and private nuclear industries.

    In 2024, LIS Technologies Inc. was selected as one of six domestic companies to participate in the Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU) Enrichment Acquisition Program. This initiative allocates up to $3.4 billion overall, with contracts lasting for up to 10 years. Each awardee is slated to receive a minimum contract of $2 million.

    For more information please visit: LaserIsTech.com

    For further information, please contact:
    Email: info@laseristech.com
    Telephone: 800-388-5492
    Follow us on X Platform
    Follow us on LinkedIn

    Forward Looking Statements

    This news release contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In this context, forward-looking statements mean statements related to future events, which may impact our expected future business and financial performance, and often contain words such as “expects”, “anticipates”, “intends”, “plans”, “believes”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “would” or “may” and other words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this news release and represent management’s current views and assumptions. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, events or results and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may be beyond our control. For LIS Technologies Inc., particular risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual future results to differ materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements include but are not limited to the following which are, and will be, exacerbated by any worsening of global business and economic environment: (i) risks related to the development of new or advanced technology, including difficulties with design and testing, cost overruns, development of competitive technology, loss of key individuals and uncertainty of success of patent filing, (ii) our ability to obtain contracts and funding to be able to continue operations and (iii) risks related to uncertainty regarding our ability to commercially deploy a competitive laser enrichment technology, (iv) risks related to the impact of government regulation and policies including by the DOE and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; and other risks and uncertainties discussed in this and our other filings with the SEC. Only after successful completion of our Phase 2 Pilot Plant demonstration will LIS Technologies be able to make realistic economic predictions for a Commercial Facility. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this news release. These factors may not constitute all factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in any forward-looking statement. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as a predictor of actual results. We do not undertake to update our forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this news release, except as required by law.

    The MIL Network –

  • MIL-OSI Video: Army Special Operations Helicopters being AWESOME for 12 minutes straight | ASMR | Army Lethality

    Source: US Army (video statements)

    Just because we like you, here’s footage of the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment training. You’re welcome.

    Video by 160 PAO

    About the U.S. Army:

    The Army Mission – our purpose – remains constant: To deploy, fight and win our nation’s wars by providing ready, prompt & sustained land dominance by Army forces across the full spectrum of conflict as part of the joint force.

    Interested in joining the U.S. Army?
    Visit: spr.ly/6001igl5L

    Connect with the U.S. Army online:
    Web: https://www.army.mil
    Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/USarmy/
    X: https://www.twitter.com/USArmy
    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/usarmy/
    LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/us-army
    #USArmy #Soldiers #Military #Army

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RE7aInaqK6w

    MIL OSI Video –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Wearable Technologies Power Study on Differences Between Treadmill, Outdoor Running on Injury Risk

    Source: US State of Connecticut

    When researchers study runners, up until very recently, they have had to conduct these studies in the lab using a treadmill.

    But running on a treadmill and running outside — as most runners do — is not the same. This has meant that scientific studies looking to inform our understanding of how running-related injuries occur and how to prevent them are not always transferable to the real world.

    With the advent of reliable wearable technologies, researchers are now able to capture data from runners outside the lab.

    A new study published in the Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy (JOST Open) looked at how two key measures related to running-related injuries differ on a treadmill versus running outside on a flat sidewalk.

    “In our lab, we’re really about trying to bring things out of the lab and into the world,” Laurie Devaney, associate professor-in-residence and head of the Department of Kinesiology, says. “So, this was an attempt to look at real-world forces and see how they stack up against running on a treadmill.”

    Michelle Bruneau ’23 (CAHNR), a former Ph.D. candidate, was the first author on this paper. She is now a post-doctoral research fellow in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Harvard Medical School and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital.

    The study used 28 healthy, male and female adult runners. Participants ran eight kilometers on the treadmill and the road while wearing ankle and chest sensors to track their step rate and tibial acceleration.

    Step rate is a measure of how many steps the runner takes over a certain distance. Tibial acceleration is a proxy for the impact load during a run.

    “When we look at running-related injuries we know that things like step rate and tibial acceleration can be associated with those injuries, especially bone-stress related injuries [like tibial stress fractures and shin pain],” Devaney says.

    The researchers found that while step rates were similar in both settings, when the runners were outdoors, there was a trend toward an increasing step rate as the run went on. This is good as an increased step rate reduces the force of each step, better protecting the runner from injury.

    Another significant difference is that peak tibial acceleration was greater outdoors than on the treadmill.

    “If we’re thinking about this notion of forces and accumulated forces it’s probably greater in an outdoor run than it is on the treadmill,” Devaney says.

    Using additional data collected during this study, the researchers have another publication forthcoming focused on motion capture data. These data provide information on how the runners were moving and what that can tell the researchers about injury risk.

    This research also has applications for cadets in ROTC programs and military members who frequently suffer from the same kinds of injuries as runners.

    “If we have ways to measure them out in the field, we are going to be better able to identify some of the culprits that are leading to these injuries and modify them,” Devaney says.

    As wearable technologies become better and more diverse, there will only be more opportunities to study people in real-world settings rather than only in the lab.

    “These increased forces are important for running-related injuries and our measurements on the treadmill are not necessarily synonymous with what we see in real-world application,” Devaney says. “[We’re] really encouraging researchers and clinicians to consider those differences and move toward the ability to measure people outdoors.”

    This work relates to CAHNR’s Strategic Vision area focused on Enhancing Health and Well-Being Locally, Nationally, and Globally.

    Follow UConn CAHNR on social media

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Charting Our Galaxy’s Extreme Center

    Source: US State of Connecticut

    Earth – our tiny blue dot in the galaxy – is approximately 26,000 light years away from a fascinating and active region of the Milky Way called the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ). This region holds clues about how stars are born, how energy moves through our galaxy, and maybe even some details about dark matter. 

    However, analyzing this area is challenging, because we do not have a clear top-down view of the Milky Way. UConn’s Milky Way Laboratory, headed by the Department of Physics Associate Professor Cara Battersby, present their comprehensive analysis and 3-dimensional top-down model of the CMZ in a series of four papers in the Astrophysical Journal.  

    The CMZ is a region of extremes and complexity, but it is also the only CMZ we can study in detail.

    “We like to call the CMZ the way station of the galaxy: between gas that’s flowing in from the disc of the galaxy along dust lanes into the CMZ,” Battersby says. “That gas either remains in the CMZ and orbits around the center of the galaxy, where it sometimes forms stars, or it can travel onwards to the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy.”  

    One question Battersby is interested in learning more about is when the Milky Way’s supermassive black hole, called Sagittarius A, “feeds” or actively accretes material. As a galactic way station, the CMZ controls when and if those materials travel to the black hole. Making direct observations to answer this question is tricky because the CMZ is home to lots of gas, dust, and stars, along with the fact that we are very far away and can only see it from the side.

    “To understand how our own CMZ regulates this gas inflow, we need a top-down picture,” Battersby says. “We probably have hundreds of thousands of images of our galactic center, all in this sideways perspective. We can learn everything we want about these clouds, but if you don’t know which ones are flowing toward the black hole or which ones are orbiting, then you can’t really say anything about how the CMZ regulates this gas flow. We can do a better job of modeling the three-dimensional gas distribution.”  

    In this series of papers, Battersby’s research group takes all available evidence to measure and catalog aspects of the clouds in this region of the galaxy to create the best possible top-down three-dimensional view of the CMZ.  

    The first step was to compile a comprehensive catalog of structures in the CMZ and to measure their physical and kinematic properties, such as mass, radii, temperature, and velocity dispersion, described in papers one and two.

    With these comprehensive catalogs, the next two papers focus on the small-scale structures within the catalog, which are thought to be individual molecular clouds that may be the birthplaces of clusters of stars, says Battersby. The third paper was led by former post-doctoral fellow Daniel Walker and the fourth paper was led by current Ph.D. student Dani Lipman.

    The galactic center is very bright and emits light at many wavelengths, therefore, the properties of the molecular clouds give clues about their location within it. The researchers used different approaches to measure and determine which clouds are in front of or behind the galactic center.

    “These molecular clouds are places where stars form only when the gas is very dense and very cold, and much of the gas in the galactic center is hot and diffuse,” Battersby says. “These cocoons of cool, dense gas mean that when they’re in front of the galactic center, they absorb the bright light from the galactic center, and they look like shadows. On the other hand, if those clouds are behind the galactic center, then this light passes through, and the clouds don’t block that light at all.”

    The researchers developed new techniques to measure how much light is blocked by the molecular clouds with the assumption that if a lot of light is blocked, it is likely that the cloud is in front of the galactic center.

    “Papers three and four use two different techniques. Paper three focuses on radio wavelengths of light, and it focuses on the molecular clouds absorbing the radio wavelengths. Paper four focuses on infrared dust extinction and details a careful technique to measure the “shadow” based on the properties of the cloud, thereby quantifying the likelihood that it’s either in front of or behind the Galactic Center,” says Battersby.

    A far-infrared Herschel image of our Galaxy’s Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) reveals a bright and dense ring of molecular gas and dust encircling our supermassive black hole, SgrA*. This image reveals our view of the Galaxy’s Center as seen from Earth. Researchers in the 3-D CMZ project used these data, plus radio, infrared, and submilleter data to quantify the likelihood of each cloud being either in front of or behind SgrA*. Researchers then used these likelihoods to test current theories of the 3-D structure of our Galaxies center and to present a new model of the 3-D structure of the CMZ. This image shows Herschel data of the inner 7 degrees of the Galaxy, with red showing 350 micron emission, green 160 micron, and blue 70 micron emission. At the approximate distance of the Galactic Center, this image shows approximately the inner 1 kpc (or about 3,200 light years) while the CMZ itself is about the inner 550 pc (or about 1,800 light years). (Contributed image)

    Next, the researchers modeled what their data suggested was happening in the CMZ and compared that to existing models of what the galactic center may look like from the top down.

    There were three predominant models of what our galactic center may look like, and Battersby says the locations of the molecular clouds the group mapped vary quite a bit across the different existing models. By accounting for the dynamic movements of various clouds, the researchers found existing models lacked this complexity and more work is needed to study the flow of gas in the CMZ.

    “Paper three presented a new simple ellipse model that is a slightly better fit than the previous models. Dani Lipman is currently drafting paper five that presents a quantitative best-fit model of the top-down view of our Galaxy’s CMZ, which includes the release of public code so future researchers can continue to improve our top-down model of the CMZ as new data arrives.”

    Lipman says that paper five aims to combine any available data to determine the most likely position of a given cloud in front of or behind Sagittarius A*. These positions are then used to find a best fitting top-down model for the CMZ. The model is continually updated and improved as more data becomes available,

    “Modern science is wonderfully collaborative, so releasing our code is a huge part of engaging in the community and offering resources to new scientists and students who are eager to join in answering these questions,” says Lipman.

    This series of papers is a major step forward in understanding the 3-D structure of our Galaxy’s CMZ and enables researchers, like Battersby’s Milky Way Lab, to start answering pressing questions about our galaxy,

    “The CMZ provides ‘close’ access to extreme phenomena seen throughout the Universe, such as an accreting supermassive black hole, and star formation in a highly turbulent environment,” says Battersby. “Knowing the 3-D structure is essential to tracing flows towards the black hole as well as testing theories of star formation in an extreme environment, because you need to know where everything is in this dynamic environment.”

    This work is supported by the National Science Foundation through Award Nos. 1816715, 2206510, and CAREER 2145689. Further details, including a narrated guided tour of the CMZ, can be found on the 3-D CMZ project website. 

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Yellowstone’s thermal areas, by the numbers

    Source: US Geological Survey

    Yellowstone Caldera Chronicles is a weekly column written by scientists and collaborators of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory. This week’s contribution is from R. Greg Vaughan, research scientist with the U.S. Geological Survey.

    In Yellowstone, it is often stated that there are more than 10,000 thermal features, including hot springs, geysers, mud pots, and fumaroles.  How do we know that?  Did someone count them?  Well, yes, but making a perfectly accurate count of unique thermal features is nearly impossible, partly because they are changing so frequently.  In the time it would take to map all of them, some would have died out and many new ones would have appeared.  For example, a newly formed fumarole was observed in the Roadside Springs Thermal Area in August 2024, and a newly emerging thermal area with multiple fumaroles was discovered near the Tern Lake thermal area in 2018.  There are also many thermal features that are located under Yellowstone’s lakes that are not included in any inventory. 

    Map of Yellowstone’s thermal areas. Inset commercial satellite images highlight thermal areas that are mentioned below: Sulphur Hills (©2022, Maxar, USG), Turbid Lake (©2022, Maxar, USG), and Lower Geyser Basin (©2015, Maxar, USG).  This work utilized data made available through the NASA Commercial SmallSat Data Acquisition Program.  We acknowledge the use of imagery from the SmallSat Data Explorer application (https://csdap.earthdata.nasa.gov), and Maxar’s NEXTVIEW End User License Agreement. 

    Geysers are a specific type of hot spring where an underground hot water reservoir and the characteristics of the plumbing system allow discrete, episodic eruptions of hot water at the surface.  There are only about 1,000 active geysers on Earth; about half of them are in Yellowstone!  According to Scott Bryan, in the 2008 edition of his book The Geysers of Yellowstone, there are at least 700 geysers in Yellowstone, with at least 500 that actively erupt; the remainder are dormant. 

    Most of Yellowstone’s more than 10,000 thermal features are clustered into about 120 distinct thermal areas and thermal water bodies.  A thermal area is a nearly continuous geologic unit that contains multiple thermal features; hydrothermally altered rocks and/or hydrothermal mineral deposits; heated ground and/or geothermal gas emissions; and that is generally barren of vegetation or has stressed/dying vegetation. A thermal water body is usually a lake, pond, or wetland area, that receives heated water from a nearby thermal area, nearshore thermal springs, or from underwater vents. 

    Assessment of Yellowstone’s thermal areas and thermal features comes from field observations, measurements from high-resolution airborne and commercial satellite images, and from quantitative analysis of Landsat 8 and 9 nighttime thermal infrared images. 

    Despite the impressive size of Yellowstone National Park (about 8,992 km2, or 2.2 million acres), the total surface area covered by thermal areas is only about 70 km2 (17,300 acres)—less than 1% of the park’s area. If you closed your eyes and randomly threw a dart at a map of Yellowstone, you are very unlikely to hit a thermal area!  The distribution of thermal areas can be seen in an updated map of Yellowstone’s thermal areas that was recently published after careful analysis of satellite remote sensing data and ground-based observations. 

    The Sulphur Hills Thermal Area, north of Yellowstone Lake, is the hottest thermal area in Yellowstone, with pixel temperatures in satellite images up to 46 °C (83 °F) above the background.  At Sulphur Hills, there is a large area of diffusely venting warm ground that is dotted with dozens of small, isolated fumaroles that are venting gases at 93 °C (200 °F, the boiling temperature at that elevation) right at the surface.  Thermal infrared images from satellite instruments like Landsat 8 and 9 have pixels that are about the size of a football field, which means they measure thermally mixed pixels that represent the average temperature of sub-pixel-scale features.  So, 46 °C (83 °F) above background is pretty hot.  Given the size of the area (0.69 km2, or 171 acres), its geothermal radiant power output is 40–70 MW (megawatts = 1 million watts). 

    View of Lower Geyser Basin. Note active thermal pools (Great Fountain Geyser) in the foreground with thermal grasslands—kept treeless by hot soils—and lodgepole pine forest in the distance. Photo by George Marler, 1959.

    Turbid Lake, also just north of Yellowstone Lake, is the largest lake in Yellowstone where a significant portion of the surface remains ice free even during the coldest winters.  This is due to thermal input from nearby springs and underwater vents. The lake is the remnant of a large hydrothermal explosion crater that is about 1 km (0.6 mi) across, and it has pixel temperatures up to 28 °C (50 °F) above background and a geothermal radiant power output of about 40–74 MW. 

    Lower Geyser Basin is the largest thermal area in the park—at 15.6 km2 (3,855 acres) it is slightly larger than the town of Gardiner, MT. Its hottest features have pixel temperatures up to 32 °C (58 °F) above background, and its geothermal radiant power output ranges from around 200 to more than 500 MW.

    Summing the estimated geothermal radiant power output for all the thermal areas in Yellowstone yields values that range from 1,500 to 3,100 MW.  To put this into context, 1 MW could power the average home in the U.S for about 1.2 months, or power an electric car for about 3,600 miles.  Scale this up by 1,500 or 3,100 times and you can appreciate the immensity of the Yellowstone geothermal system.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI NGOs: Yemen: US air strike that has left dozens of migrants dead must be investigated

    Source: Amnesty International –

    A US air strike on a migrant detention centre in Sa’ada, north-western Yemen on 28 April killed and injured dozens of migrants and must be investigated as a violation of international humanitarian law, said Amnesty International today, amid reports that hundreds of people have been killed and injured as a result of US air strikes on Yemen since March 2025.

    According to satellite imagery analysis, the US attacks carried out on Sa’ada prison compound struck the migrant detention centre and another building on the site.

    Amnesty International spoke with three individuals who work with African migrant and refugee communities in Yemen.  Two of them, who had visited the migrant detention centre as well as two nearby hospitals, and their morgues in the aftermath of the air strike, confirmed witnessing evidence of a high number of casualties.  The organization also analysed satellite imagery and video footage of horrific scenes showing migrants’ bodies strewn across rubble and rescuers trying to pull badly wounded survivors from the debris.  

    “The US attacked a well-known detention facility where the Huthis have been detaining migrants who had no means to take shelter. The major loss of civilian life in this attack raises serious concerns about whether the US complied with its obligations under international humanitarian law, including the rules on distinction and precautions,” said Agnès Callamard, Amnesty International’s Secretary General.

    “The US must conduct a prompt, independent and transparent investigation into this air strike and into any other air strikes that have resulted in civilian casualties as well as those where the rules of international humanitarian law may have been violated.”

    The major loss of civilian life in this attack raises serious concerns about whether the US complied with its obligations under international humanitarian law, including the rules on distinction and precautions,

    Agnès Callamard, Amnesty International’s Secretary General

    Witnesses who visited the Republican hospital and al Talh General hospital in Sa’ada, told Amnesty International they saw more than two dozen Ethiopian migrants who sustained injuries including severe amputations and fractures. They also said that the morgues at the hospitals ran out of space to receive dead bodies, so casualties received from the air strike had to be stacked outside. The ICRC, whose staff were at the site in the immediate aftermath of the attack, also confirmed in a statement a high number of casualties, many of whom were migrants.

    Under international humanitarian law attacking forces have an obligation to do everything feasible to distinguish between military and civilian targets, to verify whether their intended target is a military objective and to cancel an attack if there is doubt.  When attacking a military objective, parties to a conflict must also take all feasible precautions to minimise harm to civilians in the vicinity. 

    If civilian harm is found to have occurred, victims and their families should receive full reparation for violations of international humanitarian law. Furthermore, if investigations find that there were direct attacks on civilians and civilian objects or indiscriminate attacks striking military targets and civilians without distinction and which killed or injured civilians, they should be investigated and treated as violations of internation law and potential war crimes.

    Amnesty International’s arms experts analysed photos of the remnants of the weapons used in the attack and identified fragments of at least two 250 pound precision-guided GBU-39 Small Diameter Bombs. US Central Command did not announce the target of the attack but a US defense official said they were assessing “claims” of civilian casualties in the strike, and conducting “our battle-damage assessment”. This assessment, including any conclusions related to civilian harm and efforts to respond to it, should promptly be made public.

    Satellite imagery showing Sa’ada prison compound before the US air strike © 2025 Planet Labs PBC
    Satellite imagery showing the site after the US air strike © 2025 Planet Labs PBC

    The US should have known Sa’ada prison was a detention facility, that has been used for years by the Huthis to detain migrants and that it was regularly visited by ICRC. They should also have known that any aerial attack could result in significant civilian harm.

     Amnesty also recalls that another detention facility within the same Sa’ada prison compound was hit by a Saudi-led coalition air strike on 21 January 2022, using a US-made precision guided munition, killing more than 90 detainees and injuring dozens. According to satellite imagery, since that strike in 2022 the Huthi de facto authorities have constructed additional buildings at that location, one of which was also struck on 28 April.

    Amnesty International was unable to conclusively identify a legitimate military target within the Sa’ada prison compound. Restrictions by the Huthi de facto authorities on independent investigations, including access to the second location struck on 28 April, limit our ability to fully investigate the attack, or to rule out the possibility that there were military objectives within the prison compound. Any attack that fails to distinguish between civilians and civilian objects on the one hand, and legitimate military targets on the other, even within the same compound, constitutes an indiscriminate attack and a violation of international humanitarian law.

     ‘Shock and horror on their faces’

    Amnesty International analysed dozens of videos and photos published by Huthi al Masira TV channel in addition to seven videos privately shared by one witness. This digital evidence showing bodies scattered in the rubble points to dozens of civilian migrant deaths and injuries in the air strike on the detention centre.

    The Huthi-run Ministry of Interior stated that, at the time of the attack, the detention facility was holding 115 African migrant detainees, of whom 68 were killed and 47 were injured.  If this number of casualties proves accurate, it would be the worst case of civilian harm in a single incident by the US military since an air strike in Mosul, Iraq in 2017.

    Amnesty International could not independently verify the death toll, nor speak to survivors or medical workers, due to the Huthis’ ongoing crackdown on civic space. Huthi officials have issued several statements and directives prohibiting people from sharing names, photos, or any information related to the US air strikes’ casualties on social media and other public platforms. Multiple people said they were afraid to speak out of fear of reprisal. In recent years, aid workers, journalists and activists have been detained by the Huthis and accused of espionage.

    Despite this, Amnesty International was able to speak, on condition of anonymity, with three individuals working with African migrant and refugee communities who said that all the migrant detainees held at this detention centre were Ethiopian, with the exception of one Eritrean.  

    One witness said he saw 25 injured migrants in the Republican hospital and nine in Al Talh General hospital in Sa’ada: “They suffered from different fractures and bruises. Some were in critical condition and two had amputated legs… The morgue in the Republican hospital was overwhelmed and there was no place left for tens of corpses that were still left outside the morgue for the second day.”

    Another witness who visited both hospitals and spoke to dozens of the injured Ethiopian migrants said:

    “They told me they were sleeping when they were hit with the first missile at around 4 a.m. in the morning (…) They said they woke up to find dismembered bodies around them. You could see the shock and horror on their faces. Some were still unable to speak because of the trauma.”

    On 27 April, a day before the attack, US Central Command announced it had struck over 800 targets in Yemen since 15 March and that they were intentionally limiting disclosing information about their operations for reasons of operational security.

    US Congress should ensure ongoing efforts to mitigate civilian harm

    Critical systems put in place in recent years building on work started under the first Trump Administration to reduce and better respond to civilian harm caused by US lethal actions abroad are under threat by the current Trump Administration. News outlets have reported that programs at the Defense Department focused on civilian harm mitigation and response are being gutted, and that the US President has rolled back constraints on commanders authorizing certain types of air strikes and special operations.  It has also been reported that Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth fired the top military lawyers responsible for ensuring compliance with international humanitarian law in military operations.

    “At a time when the US appears to be shrinking efforts aimed at reducing civilian harm by US lethal actions, the US Congress should play its oversight role and demand information on investigations to date on these strikes. Congress must further ensure that civilian harm mitigation and response mechanisms remain intact and robustly respond to this and other recent incidents,” said Agnès Callamard.

    Background

     Between November 2023 and January 2025, Huthi armed forces have targeted at least 74 commercial and military vessels in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, which they claimed were linked to Israel, the USA or the UK.

    US President Joe Biden began air strikes against the Huthis in 2024. The new wave of US strikes under the Trump Administration started on 15 March 2025 after the Huthis announced on 11 March that they would resume attacks on Israeli ships passing through the Red and Arabian seas in response to Israel blocking aid into the occupied Gaza Strip.

    Since 15 March, the Huthis have launched missiles and drones at the USS Harry S. Truman, an aircraft carrier stationed in the Red Sea. They have also resumed their attacks on Israel, striking near Tel Aviv’s Ben Gurion Airport on 4 May. Israel retaliated in May with air strikes including on Hodeidah port and Sana’a airport.

    On 6 May, the US announced it was ending its military campaign against the Huthis in Yemen.

    MIL OSI NGO –

  • MIL-OSI Europe: At a Glance – Choose Europe for Science – 19-05-2025

    Source: European Parliament

    During the May II plenary session, MEPs will debate the ‘Choose Europe for Science’ initiative that Ursula von der Leyen unveiled at an event held at La Sorbonne University in Paris on 5 May 2025. With investment in fundamental, free, and open research being questioned in many parts of the world, as seen recently in the United States, this initiative aims to attract scientists, researchers, academics and highly skilled professionals to Europe.

    MIL OSI Europe News –

  • MIL-OSI China: ‘China Travel’ trending amid visa, tax policy boost

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    BEIJING, May 19 — China’s optimized visa and tax refund policies have given a boost to inbound tourism, fueling the trending of “China Travel” globally, officials said.

    Speaking on the latest episode of China Economic Roundtable, an all-media talk show hosted by Xinhua News Agency, Liu Jia, an official with the National Immigration Administration, highlighted that the updated visa-free policies have waived procedures and reduced time and financial burdens for foreign travelers, making it easier to visit China.

    China has introduced a slew of policies to facilitate inbound travel since 2023. Major steps taken included expanding mutual visa exemptions and unilateral visa-free access, and extending visa-free entry stay for international visitors.

    As of now, China has established comprehensive mutual visa exemptions with 29 countries, implemented unilateral visa-free policies for 38 countries, and transit visa-free policies for 54 countries including Britain, the United States and Canada.

    Tax refund schemes for international travelers have been optimized as well. While allowing foreign shoppers to instantly claim tax rebates at tax-free stores, China has also lowered the minimum purchase threshold for refunds, raised the cash refund ceiling and widened the range of products available.

    Speaking on the roundtable, Shi Zeyi, an official with the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, said that with continuous improvements in visa, payment and tax policies, “China Travel” has demonstrated robust recovery momentum and broad growth prospects.

    Last year, China recorded 132 million inbound trips, with total tourism spending reaching 94.2 billion U.S. dollars, recovering to 97.2 percent and 93.5 percent of 2019 levels, respectively, according to Shi.

    Liu noted that the influx of foreign visitors has spurred consumption across sectors such as hospitality, retail and cultural services, contributing to the growth of the service trade and attracting foreign investment.

    These updated policies are evidence of China’s commitment to opening up, Liu said, adding that they could help foster deeper cultural understanding between China and the international community, breaking stereotypes held by some countries.

    “First-hand experience can help dispel misunderstandings and biases, enabling the world to see, feel and recognize an open, inclusive, prosperous, stable and safe China,” Liu said.

    MIL OSI China News –

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Holy See Press Office Communiqué: Audience with the Vice President of the United States of America

    Source: The Holy See

    Holy See Press Office Communiqué: Audience with the Vice President of the United States of America, 19.05.2025

    This morning, Monday 19 May 2025, His Holiness Leo XIV received in audience the Vice President of the United States of America, the Honourable James David Vance, who subsequently met with His Excellency Archbishop Paul Richard Gallagher, Secretary for Relations with States and International Organizations.
    During the cordial talks held at the Secretariat of State, satisfaction at the good bilateral relations was reiterated, and the collaboration between Church and State was discussed, as well as some matters of special relevance to ecclesial life and religious freedom.
    Finally, there was an exchange of views on some current international issues, calling for respect for humanitarian law and international law in areas of conflict and for a negotiated solution between the parties involved
    From the Vatican, 19 May 2025.

    MIL OSI Europe News –

  • MIL-OSI New Zealand: Legal News – Former NZ Associate Minister Of Foreign Affairs Calls On NZ Government To Uphold International Law Over US Designation of Cuba

    Source: Hon Matthew Robson

    Former NZ Associate Minister Of Foreign Affairs, Hon Matt Robson, has called on the New Zealand Government to uphold International Law.

    “New Zealand prides itself on being in the forefront of countries supporting the international rule of law and not the international rule of might ”, said former Associate Foreign Minister in the Helen Clark government, the Hon Matt Robson.

    “To uphold this principled position Foreign Minister, the Hon Winston Peters, must strongly condemn the US action of placing Cuba on its “List of Non-Cooperative Terrorism countries.

    “This illegal act is a further breach of international law alongside the ever-tightening unilateral sanctions on Cuba, in place since 1960, which have been condemned as illegal by an overwhelming vote in the UN General Assembly, including that of New Zealand vote” said the Hon Matt Robson.

    “Cuba is recognised by the UN for its commitment to anti-terrorism measures. The irony is that it has been the United States that has supported terrorism against Cuba from the attempted assassination of its leaders, military invasions ,economic sabotage to the bombing of a Cuban airliner and protection in the US of the culprits.”

    “Cuba is renowned not for terrorism but for sending medical professionals to the poorest countries of the world since 1960, training doctors in Cuba from those countries, including many from Pacific nations, and during Covid providing specialist health personnel, including to developed Italy , to world acclaim”.

    “The Hon Winston Peters should place New Zealand on the side of the vast majority of countries supporting international law and condemn the United States for its illegal persecution of a developing country,” Hon Matt Robson said.

    MIL OSI New Zealand News –

  • MIL-OSI: Psychics Near Me: Best Psychics, Mediums, Tarot Card Readers Near Me In 2025

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    Las Vegas, Nevada, May 19, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) —

    The psychic experts, a trusted online platform for spiritual insights and guidance, has officially launched its 2025 rankings of the best psychics, mediums, and tarot card readers near you. The company has unveiled a comprehensive new resource to help users easily find top-rated psychic services in their area in response to growing global demand for hyper-local, high-quality psychic readings. 

    ⇒ Find the best psychics, mediums, and tarot readers near you!

    With thousands searching each month for “psychics near me,” “medium readings near me,” and “tarot reading near me,” the psychic experts have developed a location-based guide that connects seekers with vetted, real psychics and tarot experts, including those offering in-person, virtual, and phone-based readings. The rankings are part of the company’s mission to help people access accurate, trustworthy spiritual guidance no matter where they are.

    ⇒ Get real answers with a top-rated psychic reader near you

    This new feature comes in response to a growing trend: more people than ever are turning to local psychic reading services for clarity in love, career, health, grief, and spiritual awakening. From New York to Los Angeles, Chicago to Houston, and even globally, search terms like “psychics near me,” “medium reading near me,” and “tarot card reader near me” have surged. Recognizing this need, the psychic experts now offer a city-by-city breakdown of real psychics near you, each evaluated for their abilities, accuracy, experience, and client satisfaction.

    ⇒ Schedule a session with the best psychic near you!

    Unlike generic directories or review sites, The-Psychic-Experts.com’s platform is curated by experienced psychic researchers, offering newcomers and returning clients a reliable, transparent resource for spiritual support. All listed practitioners are selected based on reading accuracy, customer ratings, spiritual credentials, and specialization areas—including tarot card readings, clairvoyant sessions, mediumship, love psychics, pet psychics, and astrology.

    With this 2025 launch, users can now browse listings by category and location, making it easier to find:

    • Tarot card reading near me
    • A clairvoyant medium near me
    • Spiritual medium near me
    • Best psychic near me with genuine reviews
    • Accurate psychic readings in my area

    Whether you’re seeking insight from a psychic reader near you for the first time or want a deeper connection with a spiritual medium near you, this tool is designed to bring clarity, comfort, and authenticity to your spiritual journey, anywhere in the world.

    ⇒ Find trusted psychics near me for real answers today!

    Why More People Are Searching for Psychic Readings Near Them in 2025

    In 2025, the demand for psychic readings near me has skyrocketed—both online and in person. This trend reflects more than just curiosity. In today’s fast-paced world, people seek grounded guidance, emotional clarity, and a sense of connection beyond what traditional support systems offer. 

    Whether it’s navigating relationships, coping with grief, planning for the future, or unlocking personal growth, more individuals are seeking out psychics, mediums, and tarot readers near them for meaningful insight.

    ⇒ Looking for clarity? Talk to verified psychic mediums near me

    The Shift from Skepticism to Self-Discovery

    Once dismissed as fringe or taboo, psychic readings have found mainstream appeal. Millennials and Gen Z, in particular, are redefining spirituality, moving away from rigid belief systems and embracing personalized, intuitive approaches to wellness. This generation prioritizes self-awareness, energy healing, and emotional intelligence—areas where spiritual mediums and psychic readers near them play a key role.

    Many people no longer see psychic consultations as a last resort, but rather as a complementary tool alongside therapy, coaching, or mindfulness practices. It’s now common to hear someone say, “I just had a tarot reading near me that completely changed how I view my career path.”
    ⇒ Explore your destiny with guidance from the best psychics near you!

    Real Psychics for Real-Life Decisions

    One primary reason people are Googling “psychics near me” is the desire for authentic, real-time guidance from someone they can meet face-to-face or talk to directly. While online readings remain convenient and popular, there’s something powerful about being physically present with a clairvoyant medium near you who can read your energy, body language, and spiritual aura in real time. Psychic consultations are especially popular during life transitions or emotional uncertainty. 

    The top reasons people book medium readings near them in 2025 include:

    • Love and relationships: Will they come back? Are they the one?
    • Career clarity: Should I change jobs? Am I on the right path?
    • Family and fertility: Am I ready for parenthood? What does the future hold?
    • Loss and grief: Is there a message from a loved one who passed?
    • Spiritual awakening: What’s my purpose? What’s next for my soul?

    ⇒ Discover life-changing insights with a medium physics near me

    Local Psychic Access Offers Trust and Personal Connection

    Trust is another key factor behind the rise of “best psychic near me” searches. People want an honest, vetted professional they can see in their community, or at least know a faceless app or unverified platform is not scamming them.

    When users search for a psychic reader near me or a medium psychic near me, they’re not just looking for convenience. They want credibility, warmth, and a genuine connection. Many report feeling more comfortable engaging in deep conversations or emotional healing sessions with someone nearby who understands their local culture, energy, or even astrology based on location.

    • It is especially true for specific needs like:
    • Pet psychic near me services for animal communication
    • Spiritual medium near me sessions to connect with loved ones who’ve passed
    • Tarot card readings near me for visual, symbolic answers

    ⇒ Find spiritual clarity with a top-rated psychic near me

    A Return to Spiritual Community

    In-person psychic readings also gain momentum because they reconnect people with community spaces—local spiritual centers, wellness clinics, or independent psychic shops. These places offer more than a service; they’re sanctuaries for healing and self-discovery.

    Even those booking tarot readings near them out of casual interest often leave surprised at how grounded and accurate the insights feel. Word-of-mouth, online reviews, and increased visibility on platforms like The-Psychic-Experts.com are helping these local readers reach the right audiences.

    How The-Psychic-Experts.com Evaluates Psychics and Mediums Near You

    As demand for psychics near me and tarot readers near me continues to rise in 2025, not all services are created equal. With so many spiritual advisors available both online and locally, The-Psychic-Experts.com has taken on the mission of helping users find real psychics and trustworthy readers, without falling victim to misleading claims or unverified listings.

    Our editorial team has developed a rigorous vetting process to identify the best psychics, mediums, and tarot card readers near you based on authenticity, accuracy, ethics, and value. Here’s how we evaluate every psychic listed in our rankings and recommendations.

    ⇒ Book now: Trusted psychics and tarot readers  near you are available today

    1. Verified Authenticity & Spiritual Gift

    The foundation of every great psychic reading is authenticity. The psychic experts prioritize psychic mediums near you who demonstrate genuine spiritual gifts—empaths, clairvoyants, intuitive healers, or experienced tarot interpreters.

    We look for signs of real ability and integrity, such as:

    • Natural psychic intuition (clairvoyance, clairaudience, clairsentience)
    • Mediumship training or experience channeling spirits
    • Consistent, verifiable results from past readings
    • Ethical spiritual guidance rather than fear-based tactics

    We never list readers who make dramatic or exaggerated claims, use manipulative language, or promise specific outcomes (like marriage or wealth) in exchange for repeat bookings. Only real psychics with grounded intuition and spiritual clarity make it into our recommendations.

    ⇒ Schedule a session with the best psychic near me

    2. Accuracy and Reading Depth

    No two psychics are the same. Some excel at love readings, others offer profound insights into the afterlife, while others help clients realign their energy or tap into future timelines. Regardless of the method, accuracy is key.

    We test readings for:

    • Relevance and personal resonance
    • Emotional clarity and confidence
    • Specificity over generalizations
    • Alignment with past experiences or future events

    Whether you’re looking for a clairvoyant medium near you or want a tarot spread to confirm your gut instinct, we look for practitioners whose insights hit home and create meaningful “aha” moments.

    ⇒ Want honest answers? Connect with a trusted psychic reader near me

    3. Transparent Pricing & Accessibility

    Many people searching for a psychic reader near them are turned off by hidden fees, unclear session lengths, or vague pricing structures. The psychic experts only list psychics who are upfront about their rates, refund policies, and session formats.

    We favor psychics who offer:

    • Transparent per-session or per-minute pricing
    • Clear booking systems and appointment availability
    • Free or low-cost introductory readings
    • Options for both virtual and in-person sessions

    We believe that psychic guidance should be accessible, not overpriced or exclusive. It is especially important for those seeking help with grief, mental health challenges, or relationship crises.

    4. Consistent Reviews & Testimonials

    We analyze real customer testimonials to evaluate each psychic’s effectiveness and trustworthiness. From Google reviews to online forums and user feedback submitted directly to us, we consider the lived experience of actual clients.

    Key indicators we look for:

    • Long-term satisfaction and loyalty
    • Clients returning for follow-up sessions
    • Reviews highlighting specific and actionable insights
    • Emotional impact: readers who truly help people heal or move forward

    We pay attention if a tarot reader near you consistently receives positive praise for helping people find peace, make bold decisions, or reconnect with loved ones.

    ⇒ Ready for a life-changing session? Connect with the best psychic readers near you!

    5. Area of Specialization

    Some seekers want a general reading. Others are looking for pet psychics near them, spiritual mediums near them, or experts in past-life regression, crystal healing, or energy clearing.

    We categorize psychics by:

    • Reading type (tarot, astrology, energy work, clairvoyance)
    • Life focus (love, career, grief, fertility, soul path)
    • Service format (in-person, video call, text-based)

    It ensures that visitors to the psychic experts don’t waste time scrolling through irrelevant listings, and can find the best psychic near them based on what they truly need.

    A Trusted Filter in a Noisy Market

    The world of psychic readings near me can feel overwhelming, but with the psychic experts, you get clarity. Our editorial team carefully reviews every listing, which is backed by ethical standards, consistent accuracy, and client-centered value.

    ⇒ Start your search for the best psychic, tarot reader, or medium near you today

    Types of Psychic Readings You Can Find Near You in 2025

    As more people seek spiritual guidance and clarity in 2025, the demand for local psychic services has diversified. Whether you’re searching for psychic readings near me, a clairvoyant medium near me, or a tarot reader near me, it’s essential to know what types of readings are available—and how each can offer unique insights into your life.

    At the psychic experts, we categorize the most popular and effective psychic reading styles to help you find the right spiritual advisor near you based on your personal needs, questions, and goals.

    ⇒ Get real answers with a top-rated psychic reader near me

    1. Tarot Card Readings

    Tarot remains one of the most accessible and accurate forms of spiritual guidance. Local tarot card readers near you can interpret symbolic spreads to clarify the past, present, and future. Whether facing a relationship dilemma, career crossroads, or emotional block, tarot mirrors your subconscious.

    Benefits of a tarot reading:

    • Answers to specific questions
    • Symbolic insight into hidden emotions
    • Forecasting potential outcomes
    • Confirming gut feelings

    Look for readers who offer tarot readings near me with structured spreads (like Celtic Cross or Past-Present-Future) and interpret them with intuition and training.

    ⇒ Book your session with a top-rated tarot card reader near you

    2. Mediumship (Spirit Communication)

    If you’re grieving the loss of a loved one or feel the presence of spirits, a psychic medium near you can help bridge the gap between this world and the next. Mediums channel messages from deceased souls, ancestors, or spiritual guides, often bringing closure and peace.

    • What a medium can help with:
    • Healing unresolved grief
    • Receiving messages from loved ones
    • Validating spiritual signs or dreams
    • Connecting with ancestors

    Medium readings can be highly emotional and deeply personal. Seek medium readings near you from professionals with a respectful, grounded approach—not sensationalism.

    ⇒ Local answers await—find a psychic medium near me

    3. Clairvoyance and Intuitive Readings

    Clairvoyant psychics near you receive visual impressions about people, places, or events. These images can relate to your past, present, or future. Clairvoyants often provide fast, insightful answers without using tools like tarot or astrology.

    Types of intuitive abilities include:

    • Clairvoyance (clear seeing)
    • Clairaudience (clear hearing)
    • Clairsentience (clear feeling)
    • Claircognizance (clear knowing)

    Many psychic mediums near me blend clairvoyance with other gifts to provide a multi-layered, accurate psychic reading experience.

    4. Astrology-Based Readings

    An astrology reading offers profound insight into your personality, path, and timing. While not all astrologers identify as psychics, many psychic readers near you incorporate astrological tools to enhance their accuracy.

    • Astrology can help with:
    • Understanding your birth chart
    • Timing key events (career moves, marriage, travel)
    • Relationship compatibility
    • Life purpose and karmic lessons

    You can search for spiritual mediums near me who specialize in astrology, or get a reading based solely on your planetary alignments.

    ⇒ Connect instantly with a gifted psychic near me!

    5. Pet Psychic Readings

    Yes, even your pets can benefit from intuitive insight. Many pet psychics near you can tune into your animal companion’s energy to uncover emotional, physical, or behavioral issues.

    A pet psychic reading might include:

    • Understanding unusual behavior
    • Tuning into your pet’s emotional state
    • Communicating with lost or deceased pets
    • Supporting pet transitions (illness, end of life)

    If your pet is struggling, a real psychic near you who specializes in animals can provide compassionate clarity.

    ⇒ Find healing with a genuine pet psychic near me

    6. Energy Healing & Aura Readings

    Energy-based sessions, such as Reiki, chakra balancing, and aura readings, are increasingly popular. Practitioners help clear emotional blocks, realign your energy field, and promote spiritual healing.

    Benefits of energy sessions:

    • Releasing trauma
    • Raising vibration
    • Supporting mental and physical health
    • Enhancing clarity and intuition

    Search for psychic mediums near me or spiritual healers near me with training in energy medicine or metaphysical therapy.

    ⇒ Navigate your path with a verified psychic near me

    Choosing the Right Type of Psychic Reading

    With so many options available, choosing the right type of reading depends on your intention. Are you grieving? A medium might be ideal. Feeling uncertain about a decision? A tarot reader could help. Want to explore your cosmic blueprint? Try astrology.

    Whatever your path, the psychic experts simplify the process by curating the best psychic, tarot, and medium readers near you, based on your location and specific needs.

    ⇒ Find the correct type of psychic reading near you today

    How to Choose the Right Psychic Near You

    In 2025, the demand for intuitive guidance is booming—but with so many local options available, how do you know which psychic near you is truly trustworthy, accurate, and aligned with your needs?

    At the psychic experts, we aim to help you make informed and confident choices. Whether you’re searching for a tarot reader near me, a medium near me, or a clairvoyant psychic reading near me, this guide will walk you through the steps to choosing an honest, reliable, and insightful psychic in your area.

    1. Know Your Intention First

    Before searching for the best psychic near me, get clear on what you want from your session. Are you looking for:

    • Clarity about a relationship or career?
    • Closure after the loss of a loved one?
    • Insight into the future?
    • Spiritual healing or chakra alignment?

    Your intention will determine which type of reader you need—whether that’s a tarot expert, a spiritual medium, or an energy healer. Knowing what you’re looking for helps you avoid vague or unhelpful sessions.

    ⇒ Find trusted psychics near me for real answers today

    2. Search for Specialists in Your Area

    The best psychics are not generalists. They tend to specialize in one or two key areas, such as:

    • Tarot card interpretation
    • Mediumship/spirit communication
    • Clairvoyance
    • Astrology
    • Pet communication
    • Energy healing

    Use filters on the psychic experts platform to search for psychics near me by category. It ensures you’re not only booking someone nearby, but someone equipped to handle your unique concern.

    ⇒ Discover the most gifted tarot reader near me

    3. Read Real Reviews and Testimonials

    Client feedback is one of the fastest ways to spot a gifted psychic medium near you. Look for:

    • Authentic testimonials that describe specific insights or outcomes
    • Consistent praise for empathy, clarity, and accuracy
    • Mentions of life-changing guidance, not just vague or general advice

    Avoid listings that seem too perfect or copied and pasted. At the psychic experts, we publish verified user reviews so you can find real psychics with a track record of trusted service.

    4. Pay Attention to Energy and Connection

    Even the most skilled psychic might not be the right fit if you don’t feel a sense of connection. A powerful reading requires trust and energetic alignment. Consider:

    • How do you feel during your first interaction—calm, open, or uncomfortable?
    • Does the psychic take time to listen to your concerns?
    • Are they explaining the process clearly, or jumping to conclusions?

    If it doesn’t feel right, trust your intuition. You deserve a psychic reader near you who respects your energy and your journey.

    ⇒ Explore highly rated mediums and psychics near me

    5. Look for Transparency in Pricing and Process

    Trustworthy psychics will always be upfront about:

    • Session duration
    • Reading format (phone, in-person, chat, etc.)
    • Pricing or packages
    • What’s included (e.g., number of questions, tools used)

    Be cautious of hidden fees or pressure to extend sessions. The psychic experts features listings from psychic readers near me with complete transparency—no fine print, no hidden agendas.

    6. Avoid Red Flags and Scams

    Unfortunately, the psychic industry is not without fraud. Watch out for:

    • Claims of curses or bad energy that only they can remove, for a hefty fee
    • Requests for personal or financial information
    • Fear-based language or pressure tactics
    • Lack of reviews, vague bios, or unverifiable claims

    Always cross-reference with our database of vetted professionals at the psychic experts to avoid scams and ensure you’re connecting with authentic psychics near you.

    7. Start with a Short Session First

    If unsure, book a 15–30 minute introductory session with a psychic before committing to something longer. A good reader won’t rush, pressure, or overwhelm you—they’ll focus on clarity, connection, and compassion.

    ⇒ Talk to verified psychic mediums near me

    Trust Your Intuition and Resources

    Ultimately, the best psychic isn’t just someone with powerful gifts—someone who resonates with your spirit, listens deeply, and empowers you. With the help of the psychic experts, finding the best psychic reading near you in 2025 has never been more accessible, transparent, or transformational.

    Find the Right Psychic Near You in 2025 — Trust Your Path Forward

    In 2025, the demand for intuitive guidance is stronger than ever. Whether seeking clarity in love, healing from loss, or simply curious about your future, connecting with the best psychic near you can bring powerful insight and peace of mind.

    ⇒  Discover trusted psychics and tarot experts near you!

    But not all psychics are created equal. That’s why the psychic experts is committed to helping you find honest, trusted, and accurate psychic readers near you, with zero guesswork.

    Our expert team has spent years curating the most comprehensive guide to psychic readings near me, highlighting gifted mediums, tarot readers, clairvoyants, and pet psychics across the U.S. Whether you prefer in-person sessions or online convenience, you’ll find thoroughly vetted professionals who are committed to helping you grow, heal, and evolve.

    From spiritual mediums and intuitive coaches to tarot card experts and clairvoyant visionaries, the path to self-discovery starts with one decision: trusting your gut and taking the first step.

    Ready for a real psychic reading near you?
    Click below to explore the most trusted psychics, mediums, and tarot readers near you — all handpicked by the team at The-Psychic-Experts.com:

    • Find the Best Psychic Near You Now
    • Search Mediums & Spiritual Advisors by Location
    • Discover Top Tarot Card Readers Near You
    • Book a Pet Psychic Reading Near You

    Whether you’re ready for your first session or looking to connect with a new trusted guide, let the psychic experts be your compass to the most accurate psychic readings near you in 2025 and beyond.

    ⇒ Connect with accurate psychic readers and discover what lies ahead!

    What to Expect from Your First Psychic Reading Near You

    Whether seeking closure, direction, or validation, your first experience with a psychic, medium, or tarot card reader can be deeply transformative. Here’s what you should know to make the most of it:

    1. Come with an Open Mind — and a Purpose

    Most first-time clients find that the more open and intentional they are, the more resonant their reading becomes. You don’t need to “believe” in anything specific — simply come with curiosity and respect for the process. Having a few thoughtful questions in mind (e.g., “What energy surrounds my current relationship?” or “What do I need to understand about my career path?”) can help direct the session.

    2. Choose the Right Psychic for You

    Not every psychic is the same — some specialize in mediumship (connecting with passed loved ones), others in intuitive counseling, tarot cards, numerology, or energy healing. Sites like the psychic experts help match users with verified psychic readers near them based on expertise, reviews, and spiritual approach. Trust that instinct if you feel drawn to a particular type of reading.

    ⇒ Get clarity on your next move with a trusted psychic reading!

    3. The Reading May Not Be What You Expect (And That’s Okay)

    Many people enter a reading hoping to hear specific words or names. But the best psychic readings often reveal unexpected truths or gentle nudges that become meaningful in hindsight. Look for signs, symbols, or emotions that strike a chord — even if they don’t immediately make sense.

    4. Ask Clarifying Questions During the Session

    Don’t hesitate to ask for clarity if something confuses you during the reading. A genuine psychic will appreciate your engagement and work with you to ensure the message is understood. The process is meant to be collaborative, not cryptic.

    5. Post-Reading Reflection Is Part of the Process

    Many clients report that the full impact of a psychic reading unfolds over time, sometimes days or weeks later. After a session, journaling your thoughts and emotions can help you process the information and tune into your inner wisdom.

    Why More People Are Searching “Psychics Near Me” in 2025

    Spiritual wellness is becoming a bigger part of holistic self-care. 2025 has seen a surge in interest in psychic readers near me, especially as more people seek purpose, healing, and personalized insight in uncertain times. Thanks to platforms like the psychic experts, it’s never been easier to connect with trusted psychics and mediums near you, without the guesswork.

    ⇒ Find your true direction with help from top psychics!

    FAQs 

    With more people turning to spiritual guidance in 2025, it’s natural to have questions about how to find the best psychic near me, what to expect in a session, and how to avoid scams. 

    Here are the most frequently asked questions, answered by the team at the psychic experts, your trusted source for real psychics near you.

    How do I know if a psychic near me is real?

    Real psychics don’t guarantee lottery numbers or promise to solve all your problems instantly. Instead, they offer insight, clarity, and emotional resonance. Look for:

    • Verified reviews from local clients
    • Clear, respectful communication
    • No pressure tactics or upselling
    • Transparent pricing and services

    At the psychic experts, every psychic listed goes through an in-depth vetting process to ensure you’re connecting with authentic psychic readers near you.

    Are in-person readings better than online psychic readings?

    Not necessarily. While some prefer the personal feel of a face-to-face session, online psychics can be just as accurate — and often more convenient. Energy doesn’t rely on physical presence. Whether chat, video, or phone, many top-rated psychics near me now offer digital services with the same level of insight.

    What’s the difference between a psychic and a medium?

    A psychic reads your energy to gain insight into your life path, emotions, and future. On the other hand, a medium connects with spirits, often communicating with loved ones who have passed.

    If you’re looking for closure or messages from the other side, search for a medium near you. A psychic reading near me is ideal for guidance in love, career, or spiritual growth.

    Can I find a tarot reader near me for a specific question?

    Absolutely. Tarot card reading near me is one of the most popular requests on the psychic experts. Tarot is especially practical for focused questions like:

    • “Is this relationship worth pursuing?”
    • “What’s blocking me from financial growth?”
    • “What energy should I embrace right now?”

    Many tarot readers near you offer 15- or 30-minute sessions for targeted clarity.

    How much should I expect to pay for a psychic reading near me?

    Prices can vary depending on the psychic’s experience and specialty. Here’s a general range:

    • $30–$60 for a 30-minute session
    • $60–$120 for an hour
    • Some intuitive coaches or celebrity mediums may charge higher rates

    The psychic experts allow you to compare prices and find a psychic near me who fits your budget—there are no surprises or hidden costs.

    Are there pet psychics near me?

    Yes! Pet psychics or animal communicators specialize in connecting with your pets—living or passed. Whether you’re curious about your pet’s behavior or want to communicate with a deceased animal companion, the psychic experts feature trusted pet psychic readers near you.

    What should I avoid when choosing a psychic?

    Be cautious of anyone who:

    • Promises to remove curses for large sums
    • Uses fear to pressure you into more sessions
    • Demands private information or passwords
    • Claims they are the only ones who can “fix” your situation

    Trust your instincts—always verify listings through the psychic experts, which flags known scam tactics and prioritizes real, gifted psychic mediums near you.

    Can I get same-day readings from psychics near me?

    Yes, many local and online psychics offer same-day or even emergency readings. Use filters on the psychic experts to find psychic readers near me with instant availability. Whether it’s a love crisis or a decision deadline, help’s always nearby.

    Are clairvoyants and mediums the same thing?

    Not quite. A clairvoyant receives visions (like images or mental snapshots) about people or events. A medium, on the other hand, communicates with spirits. Some readers are both, but it’s always best to check their specialty when booking a session.

    What’s the most trusted way to find a psychic medium near me in 2025?

    Use the psychic experts platform to find carefully reviewed, top-rated psychics near you. Whether you’re searching for spiritual mediums, tarot readers, or clairvoyants, the site offers advanced search filters, verified reviews, and expert-curated lists to guide you to the most accurate psychic readings.

    Media Contact
    Company: The Psychic Experts
    Contact Person: Anthony C. Bedoya
    Email: support@the-psychic-experts.com
    Address: 1 Fremont St, Las Vegas, NV 89101, USA
    URL: https://the-psychic-experts.com/
    Phone: +1 414-203-2598

    Content Accuracy Disclaimer
    Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information presented in this article. However, due to the dynamic nature of product formulations, promotions, and availability, details may change without notice. The publisher makes no warranties or representations as to the current completeness or accuracy of any content, including product claims, pricing, or ingredient lists.
    It is the responsibility of the reader to verify product information directly through the official website or manufacturer prior to making a purchasing decision. Any reliance placed on the information in this article is done strictly at your own risk.
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    The publisher only promotes products that have been independently evaluated and deemed potentially beneficial to readers. However, this compensation may influence the content, topics, or products discussed in this article. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any affiliate partner or product provider.
    All product reviews and descriptions reflect the author’s honest opinion based on available public data, user feedback, and scientific references at the time of writing. The inclusion of affiliate links does not influence the objectivity or integrity of the content. However, readers are encouraged to independently verify product information and consult with healthcare professionals prior to purchase or use.
    No warranties, either expressed or implied, are made about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, or suitability of the content provided. The publisher and all affiliated parties expressly disclaim any and all liability arising directly or indirectly from the use of any information contained herein.
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  • MIL-OSI: Ryoko Pro Reviews: An In Depth Evaluation Of Ryoko Pro WiFi After Testing

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    KEARNY, N.J., May 19, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — In today’s hyper-connected world, losing internet access feels like losing a lifeline. Whether you’re closing deals from a beachside café, sharing vacation moments instantly with loved ones, or navigating unfamiliar streets in a foreign country, reliable internet isn’t just convenient, it’s what we ought to have.

    Some days back, traveling to another country comes with the hassles of getting a new Sim Card and it will become useless immediately when you leave that country and you keep buying. Many things are becoming possible though many people are unaware of this device that is changing the way it will connect to the Internet anywhere in the world.

    Meet “Ryoko Pro”, the ultimate solution, the pocket-sized solution to your connectivity challenges, and the most secure. This innovative portable hotspot delivers lightning-fast 4G LTE internet anywhere across 100+ countries, without the headache of roaming fees or complicated contracts. It comes with a Sim Card with 500MB global data so you can turn on and start using it. It doesn’t end there, it also comes with Ads blocking technology that eliminates any annoying pop up.

    Imagine the freedom: seamlessly joining video calls from remote locations, streaming your favorite shows during lengthy commutes, in a new country, or uploading content on-the-go without hunting for highly vulnerable public WiFi or draining your phone’s battery.

    Ryoko Pro isn’t just another gadget, it’s peace of mind in a world where staying connected means staying relevant. With the ability to connect up to 10 devices simultaneously and an impressive 8-hour battery life, it adapts to your digital lifestyle rather than restricting it.

    Trusted by global travelers, remote workers, and digital nomads alike, Ryoko pro has transformed connectivity from an uncertainty to a guarantee. Why compromise on your connection when excellence fits in your pocket?

    Stay connected. Stay productive. Here is my honest review of Ryoko Pro after a one month trial.

    Key Highlights (Ryoko Pro Reviews)

    • No Contracts
    • No Roaming Fees Worldwide
    • Fast Internet Connection
    • Connect 10 Devices
    • Fits in Your Pocket
    • Simple to Use
    • USB Charging
    • Long-Lasting Battery
    • Ads Blocking
    • Comes with a 500MB global data

    Ryoko Pro Explained

    Ryoko Pro represents the evolution of portable internet connectivity, engineered specifically for our increasingly mobile and digital lifestyles. Unlike traditional hotspot solutions that come with geographical limitations or exorbitant roaming fees, Ryoko Pro has reimagined connectivity from the ground up.

    At its core, it uses advanced technology to track and automatically connect to the strongest available network tower in over 100 plus countries, worldwide. Through strategic partnerships with leading global network providers, the device seamlessly transitions between networks as you travel, ensuring you never experience the frustration of dropped connections or unavailable service or tempted to use an unknown public WiFi.

    The technology behind Ryoko Pro is both sophisticated and user-friendly. When powered on, it immediately scans available networks in your vicinity, selecting the optimal connection based on signal strength and stability. This intelligent network selection happens continuously in the background, allowing you to focus on your activities rather than managing connection settings.

    What truly distinguishes the Ryoko Pro Portable WiFi from the rest is its commitment to hassle-free connectivity. There are no complicated contracts to navigate, no surprise roaming fees to discover on your bill, and no technical expertise required to operate the device. Simply power it on, connect your devices through the intuitive interface, and enjoy high-speed internet access wherever your adventures or business take you.

    The device operates on advanced 4G LTE technology, delivering impressive speeds up to 150Mbps that support everything from basic browsing to bandwidth-intensive applications like video conferencing or streaming services. With multi-device capability that supports up to 10 simultaneous connections, Ryoko Pro effectively creates your personal internet bubble that travels with you.

    For travelers, remote workers, digital nomads, and anyone who values reliable connectivity without borders, Ryoko Pro eliminates the uncertainty of internet access. It transforms connectivity from a location-dependent variable into a constant companion, empowering users to stay connected, productive, and engaged regardless of geographical location.

    CHECK!!! Order Ryoko Pro Portable WiFi From The Official Website At Discounted Price

    Specifications (Ryoko Pro Reviews)

    Color: Sleek and modern design with a black and silver finish

    Connectivity: 4G LTE, Wi-Fi (2.4GHz and 5GHz)

    Network: Supports up to 10 devices simultaneously

    Speed: Download speeds up to 150 Mbps, upload speeds up to 50 Mbps

    Battery Life: More than 8 hours of continuous use

    Battery Type: Rechargeable Lithium-ion battery

    Power Input: USB-C (5V/2A)

    Security: WPA2 encryption, built-in firewall

    Operating System: Proprietary OS

    Firmware Updates: Automatic firmware updates to ensure latest security patches and features.

    Features Of Ryoko Pro (Ryoko Pro Reviews)

    Ryoko Pro combines cutting-edge technology with user-friendly design to deliver a comprehensive connectivity solution. Let’s explore the extensive feature set that positions this device as a market leader in portable internet solutions.

    Advanced Connectivity Technology: At the heart of Ryoko WiFi lies its advanced 4G LTE technology, engineered to deliver consistent high-speed internet access across diverse global locations. The device achieves impressive download speeds of up to 150Mbps, enabling seamless performance for bandwidth-intensive activities like HD video streaming, large file transfers, and real-time collaborative work. The integrated high-gain antenna significantly enhances signal reception, allowing the device to maintain stable connections even in areas with weaker network coverage.

    Ryoko Pro’s intelligent network selection algorithm continuously monitors available networks, automatically switching to the strongest and most reliable connection without user intervention. This sophisticated background process ensures you always experience optimal performance without needing to manually adjust settings as you change locations.

    Advanced Security Measures: The device employs WPA2 encryption, a widely accepted and highly secure encryption protocol, to safeguard users’ online activities and prevent unauthorized network access. Additionally, the Ryoko Pro features a built-in firewall that blocks malicious traffic and prevents hackers from accessing your device.

    Global Coverage Without Boundaries: Perhaps, the most revolutionary aspect of Ryoko Pro is its expansive global coverage network spanning more than 100 countries. Through strategic partnerships with leading telecommunications providers worldwide, Ryoko delivers truly borderless connectivity. The device automatically detects and connects to local networks as you travel, eliminating the need for different SIM cards or complicated international plans.

    This global coverage comes without the traditional burden of roaming fees or country-specific limitations. Whether you’re conducting business in Tokyo, vacationing in Barcelona, or working remotely from a beach in Thailand, Ryoko Pro maintains consistent performance without accumulating excessive charges or requiring complicated setup procedures between destinations.

    Multi Device Management and Security: Ryoko Pro sophisticated hardware configuration supports simultaneous connection of up to 10 devices without compromising performance. The intelligent bandwidth management system allocates resources efficiently between connected devices, preventing any single connection from monopolizing available bandwidth and ensuring a smooth experience for all users.

    Security remains paramount in the Ryoko ecosystem, with enterprise-grade encryption protocols protecting your data transmission. Using WPA2 security standards along with additional proprietary security measures to create a secure connection bubble around your digital activities. Users can further customize security settings through the intuitive management interface, including guest network creation with limited access permissions.

    Optimized Battery Performance: Understanding the importance of reliable power for travelers and remote workers, Ryoko Pro features a high-capacity 3500mAh lithium-polymer battery optimized for extended usage. Under typical conditions, the device delivers approximately 8 hours of continuous connectivity on a single charge sufficient for a full workday or long-distance travel.

    The intelligent power management system incorporates adaptive usage modes that automatically adjust power consumption based on connected devices and activity levels. When idle or during periods of lower demand, Ryoko Pro automatically transitions to power-saving mode, extending battery life without compromising availability.

    The USB-C fast charging capability significantly reduces downtime, with the device reaching approximately 80% capacity in just 45 minutes. For extended trips away from power sources, it is also compatible with standard portable power banks, making it truly adaptable to diverse usage scenarios.

    User-Friendly Design and Experience: The physical design of Ryoko Pro exemplifies the perfect balance between functionality and portability. With dimensions comparable to a credit card (though slightly thicker), the device easily fits into pockets, purses, or laptop bags without adding significant bulk or weight. The durable exterior housing protects internal components while maintaining an elegant, professional aesthetic suitable for business environments.

    User interaction has been simplified to an intuitive one-button operation for basic functions, while the companion mobile application provides deeper control over advanced settings. The app’s clean interface allows users to monitor data usage, manage connected devices, adjust security settings, and receive notifications about system performance without technical complexity.

    The device’s small but informative LED display provides essential status information at a glance, including battery level, signal strength, and connected device count. This thoughtful integration of physical and digital interfaces ensures that users of all technical proficiency levels can effectively manage their connectivity experience.

    Flexible Usage Plans: Understanding that connectivity needs vary widely between users, Ryoko Pro offers flexible data plans without contractual obligations. Users can select from pay-as-you-go options ideal for occasional travelers, monthly recurring plans for regular users, or customized enterprise solutions for business teams.

    The transparency in pricing structure eliminates surprising charges, with clear data allocation and straightforward renewal processes. Unused data on certain plans rolls over to the following month, ensuring customers receive maximum value from their investment. Additionally, the accompanying app provides real-time data usage statistics and customizable alerts when approaching predetermined thresholds, putting users in complete control of their connectivity expenses.

    Through this comprehensive feature set, Ryoko Pro addresses virtually every pain point in the portable connectivity landscape, delivering a solution that adapts to users’ needs rather than forcing users to adapt to technological limitations.

    Don’t Miss!!! Place Your Order Today On The Official Product Sales Page

    Benefits Of Ryoko Pro

    Ryoko Pro delivers substantial benefits that extend far beyond basic internet connectivity, fundamentally transforming how users interact with the digital world while traveling or working remotely.

    Unprecedented Freedom and Flexibility

    The most immediate benefit of Ryoko Pro is the liberation from geographical connectivity constraints. Users experience unprecedented freedom to work, communicate, and consume content from virtually anywhere without sacrificing connection quality. This location independence empowers professionals to redefine their workplace boundaries, enables travelers to maintain productivity during transit, and allows digital nomads to establish operations from remote or exotic locations without connectivity concerns.

    The absence of contracts creates financial flexibility previously unavailable in the connectivity market. Users can adjust their plans based on changing travel schedules or usage requirements without incurring penalties or navigating complicated cancellation procedures. This pay-for-what-you-need approach eliminates wasteful spending on unused services during periods of lower mobility.

    Enhanced Productivity and Reliability

    Productivity receives a significant boost through consistent, reliable internet access regardless of location. The frustration and time wastage associated with hunting for public WiFi, dealing with spotty hotel connections, or configuring different connectivity solutions for each destination are eliminated. This connectivity continuity maintains workflow momentum and ensures deadline-sensitive projects remain on track even during intensive travel periods.

    The multi-device capability transforms Ryoko Pro into a mobile office hub, allowing simultaneous connection of laptops, tablets, smartphones, and other IoT devices. Team members traveling together can share a single connection while maintaining individual productivity, and families can keep multiple devices connected without competing for bandwidth or accumulating charges across separate devices.

    Financial Advantages Through Smart Design

    Significant financial benefits emerge through the elimination of international roaming charges, which can quickly accumulate to hundreds or even thousands of dollars during global travel. Ryoko Pro predictable pricing structure protects users from bill shock while maintaining premium connectivity quality.

    For businesses, Ryoko Pro represents an excellent return on investment by eliminating productivity losses caused by connectivity issues during business travel. The ability to maintain seamless communication with clients, access cloud-based resources, and participate in virtual meetings from any location directly impacts revenue generation and operational efficiency.

    Security and Peace of Mind

    Perhaps the most valuable yet intangible benefit is the peace of mind that comes from securing your digital activities. Public WiFi networks represent significant security vulnerabilities, potentially exposing sensitive data to malicious actors. Ryoko Pro creates a secure, private connection that protects confidential communications, financial transactions, and proprietary information while working in public spaces, substantially reducing cybersecurity risks associated with mobile work.

    Pros (Ryoko Pro Reviews)

    Ryoko Pro strengths extend across multiple dimensions, delivering advantages that position it as the premier solution for portable connectivity needs.

    The most compelling advantage is the seamless global coverage spanning over 100 countries without roaming fees. Unlike smartphone hotspots that incur substantial international charges, Ryoko maintains consistent pricing regardless of location, eliminating surprise charges on your monthly statement.

    Performance reliability distinguishes Ryoko Pro from alternatives, with dedicated hardware specifically engineered for connectivity tasks. This specialized design delivers superior signal reception, more stable connections, and better performance than smartphone hotspots that struggle with simultaneous data transmission and reception tasks.

    Battery efficiency represents another significant advantage. While activating your smartphone’s hotspot function dramatically accelerates battery depletion, Ryoko optimized power management, delivers 8 hours of continuous connectivity without impacting your primary communication device’s availability.

    The multi-device capability creates exceptional value, supporting up to 10 simultaneous connections without performance degradation. This transforms the Ryoko Pro from an individual solution to a comprehensive connectivity hub for families, small teams, or multi-device users.

    From a security perspective, Ryoko Pro implements enterprise-grade encryption that substantially outperforms public WiFi options, protecting sensitive data from potential interception. Combined with the intuitive interface requiring minimal technical knowledge, it delivers sophisticated connectivity benefits with remarkable user-friendliness.

    Who Needs Ryoko Pro?

    Ryoko Pro serves diverse audiences united by their need for reliable, secure connectivity beyond traditional infrastructure limitations.

    Business travelers form a core user base, relying on Ryoko Pro to maintain productivity during international trips. For these professionals, the ability to join video conferences, access cloud resources, and respond to time-sensitive communications from airports, hotels, or client locations represents significant professional value.

    Digital nomads and remote workers embrace it as essential equipment enabling their location-independent lifestyle. By providing consistent connectivity from beach destinations, mountain retreats, or foreign cities, Ryoko Pro Portable WiFi removes the geographical restrictions that typically limit remote work options.

    Frequent international travelers appreciate its ability to eliminate roaming charges while providing immediate connectivity upon landing in new destinations. The simplicity of having one solution that works across multiple countries removes the complexity of navigating different local SIM cards or connectivity options.

    Families traveling together benefit from Ryoko Pro multi-device support, creating a connectivity hub that keeps everyone online without purchasing separate international data plans for each family member’s device.

    Event coordinators and field professionals working in locations with unreliable infrastructure utilize it as backup connectivity, ensuring critical operations continue regardless of local network conditions.

    Students studying abroad find Ryoko Pro invaluable for maintaining academic continuity while navigating new environments, accessing course materials and submission portals without dependence on variable campus networks.

    Why Is Ryoko Pro Recommended?

    Industry experts and seasoned travelers consistently recommend Ryoko Pro on its exceptional performance metrics and thoughtful user-centered design that addresses common connectivity pain points.

    The recommendation strength stems from its comprehensive approach to global connectivity that eliminates the traditional compromises users face. While other solutions might excel in specific aspects, some offering good domestic coverage, others providing acceptable international options, Ryoko Pro delivers excellence across all critical dimensions including coverage breadth, connection stability, security implementation, and user experience.

    Performance testing under diverse conditions demonstrates its technical superiority, maintaining consistent speeds even in challenging environments where competing products struggle to establish reliable connections. The engineering precision evident in signal acquisition and retention capabilities reflects the product’s focused development as a dedicated connectivity solution rather than an afterthought feature.

    Customer satisfaction metrics further reinforce the recommendation. Based On Verified Ryoko Pro Reviews, thousands of buyers were reporting transformative improvements in their travel and remote work experiences. The remarkably low return rate during the 30-day guarantee period indicates the product consistently meets or exceeds buyer expectations.

    For professionals whose productivity and effectiveness depend on reliable connectivity, Ryoko Pro represents not merely a purchase but an investment in operational consistency. The device’s reasonable acquisition cost combined with transparent usage plans delivers exceptional value when measured against the productivity losses prevented through consistent connectivity.

    Ryoko Pro Reviews From Other Users

    “As a consultant visiting clients across Asia and Europe monthly, Ryoko Pro has literally transformed my productivity. I’m connected the moment I land no more hunting for SIM cards or paying ridiculous hotel WiFi fees. The battery lasts my entire workday, and I’ve connected my laptop, tablet, and phone simultaneously without any speed issues. Best investment for my business in years!”…….James K.

    “Our family of five used Ryoko Pro throughout our three-week European vacation. Everyone stayed connected without fighting over who gets to use the hotel WiFi. The kids could stream, I could post vacation photos instantly, and my husband managed work emergencies seamlessly. Worth every penny”…..Stephanie L.

    “I run my entire freelance design business using Ryoko Pro while traveling through South America. The connection is stable enough for video client meetings even from remote locations. No more stressing about finding cafés with decent WiFi before deadlines. Complete game-changer for digital nomads!” – Miguel R.

    Prices Of Ryoko Pro Portable WiFi And Where To Buy

    Ryoko Pro can be gotten from the official website at the following prices:

    One unit of Ryoko Pro costs $89
    Two units of Ryoko Pro costs $138
    Three units of Ryoko Pro costs $177
    Four units of Ryoko Pro costs $220

    Concluding Remarks On Ryoko Pro Review

    As our world increasingly embraces remote work, digital nomadism, and global connectivity, solutions like Ryoko Pro transition from luxury to necessity. What distinguishes this device in the crowded connectivity marketplace is its unwavering focus on eliminating the compromises traditionally associated with mobile internet access.

    Truly, Ryoko Pro represents the convergence of sophisticated technology with intuitive design principles creating a product that delivers technical excellence without imposing complexity on the user. This balance is remarkably difficult to achieve, yet Ryoko pro accomplishes it with apparent effortlessness.

    Perhaps, most significantly, Ryoko Pro provides something increasingly precious in our digital existence: certainty. The certainty that your presentation will upload, your video call won’t drop, your critical email will send regardless of where your journey takes you. This reliability fundamentally alters how users approach both work and leisure travel, removing connectivity anxiety from the equation.

    As remote work continues reshaping professional landscapes and international travel resumes its upward trajectory, the demand for seamless connectivity solutions will only intensify. Ryoko pro has positioned itself at the forefront of this evolution, not merely meeting current requirements but anticipating tomorrow’s connectivity needs.

    For those who value freedom, reliability, and simplicity in their digital existence, Ryoko Pro isn’t just a connectivity solution, it’s an essential companion for modern life. Currently, it is available on the official website at around $90 per Unit. Buy it if you are completely Thrilled.

    Media Details:

    Project Name: Ryoko Pro
    Address: 78 John Miller Way, Kearny, New Jersey 07032, United States
    Media Contact: John Allen
    Website: https://Ryokorouter.com
    Email: j_allen@getryoko.com
    Phone: +1 (917) 555-2746

    Legal Disclaimer: This media platform provides the content of this article on an “as-is” basis, without any warranties or representations of any kind, express or implied. We assume no responsibility for any inaccuracies, errors, or omissions. We do not assume any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information presented herein. Any concerns, complaints, or copyright issues related to this article should be directed to the content provider mentioned above.

    A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/179e768b-d4ee-4cde-931b-9f5f28849c94

    The MIL Network –

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: Import of poultry meat and products from areas in Brazil and US suspended

    Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

    The Centre for Food Safety (CFS) of the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department announced today (May 19) that in view of notifications from the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) about outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in Municipality of Montenegro of the State of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, and Aurora County of the State of South Dakota and Douglas County of the State of Illinois in the United States (US) respectively, the CFS has instructed the trade to suspend the import of poultry meat and products (including poultry eggs) from the above-mentioned areas with immediate effect to protect public health in Hong Kong.

    A CFS spokesman said that according to the Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong imported about 9 400 tonnes of frozen poultry meat from Brazil; and about 12 290 tonnes of chilled and frozen poultry meat, and about 1.19 million poultry eggs from the US in the first three months of this year.

    “The CFS has contacted the Brazilian and American authorities over the issues and will closely monitor information issued by the WOAH and the relevant authorities on the avian influenza outbreaks. Appropriate action will be taken in response to the development of the situation,” the spokesman said.

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News –