Category: United States of America

  • MIL-OSI Security: ICE Arrests Murderers, Pedophiles, and Rapists Over the Weekend

    Source: US Department of Homeland Security

    Under President Trump and Secretary Noem, ICE is working around-the-clock to remove the worst of the worst from American communities

    WASHINGTON – Today, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) released the names and rap sheets of criminal illegal aliens arrested over the weekend—including murderers, pedophiles, and rapists. 

    Over the weekend, our brave ICE agents arrested more depraved criminal illegal aliens including murderers, rapists, and three child pedophiles. These are the types of barbaric criminals our ICE law enforcement is arresting and removing from American communities every day,” said Assistant Secretary Tricia McLaughlin. “Despite an 830 percent surge in assaults against our ICE law enforcement officers, they continue to put their lives on the line to make American communities safer every day.”

    Below are some of the criminal illegal aliens arrested over the weekend:

    • ICE Dallas arrested Jose Arinaga-Ramirez, a 58-year-old illegal alien from Mexico, convicted of aggravated sexual assault of a child in San Antonio, TX. 
    • ICE Los Angeles arrested Chue Vue, a 37-year-old illegal alien from Laos, convicted of attempted murder and seven counts of assault with deadly weapon/instrument non-firearm that produced great bodily injury in Riverside, CA. 
    • ICE Philadelphia arrested Gil Salinas-Anaclo, a 35-year-old illegal alien from Peru, convicted of larceny in Northampton County, PA. 
    • ICE Houston arrested Gilmer Vertiz-Bustemante, a 37-year-old illegal alien from Mexico convicted of murder in Tarrant County, TX. 
    • ICE Buffalo arrested Andra Adams Scott, a 30-year-old illegal alien from Jamaica, convicted of attempted robbery in Queens County, NY. 
    • ICE Los Angeles arrested Henry Jose Marquez, a 55-year-old illegal alien from Venezuela, convicted of smuggling cocaine in Tampa, FL. 
    • ICE Boston arrested Jovinnel Giron Meneses, a 29-year-old illegal alien from the Philippines convicted of aggravated rape of a child, rape of a child with force, four counts of indecent assault and battery on a child under 14, and two counts of indecent assault and battery on a person over 14 in Middlesex, MA. 
    • ICE Philadelphia arrested Juan Ramirez-Velasquez, a 27-year-old illegal alien from Guatemala, convicted of rape of a victim under 12 years old in Dover, DE. 
    • ICE Atlanta arrested Emmanuel Evariste, a 39-year-old illegal alien from Haiti, convicted in the United States District Court, Boston District of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute cocaine
    • ICE Buffalo arrested Sakir Akkan, a 22-year-old illegal alien from Turkey, convicted of rape three: anal sexual contact with a person incapable consent in Albany County, NY. 
    • ICE St. Louis arrested Nodir Negmatov, an illegal alien from Uzbekistan, who was attempting to pick up U.S. Department of State International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) controlled Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) guidance kits, which convert unguided bombs into all-weather precision-guided munitions, at a Boeing plant in St. Charles, Missouri. 

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    MIL Security OSI

  • MIL-OSI USA: PRESS RELEASE: Congresswoman Barragán’s Statement on House Republicans Voting to Defund Public Broadcasting

    Source: United States House of Representatives – Representative Nanette Diaz Barragán (CA-44)

    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
    July 18, 2025

    Contact: Jin.Choi@mail.house.gov


    Congresswoman Barragán’s Statement on House Republicans Voting to Defund Public Broadcasting 

    Washington, D.C. — Today, Congresswoman Nanette Barragán (CA-44) released the following statement:

    “House Republicans voted to defund public broadcasting — and Southern California families will feel the impact. They’re taking back $4.3 million from PBS SoCal, which provides trusted educational programming, like Sesame Street, and free learning materials from over 1 million children under the age of 5 in our region.

    It also eliminates funding for stations like KCRW in Santa Monica and KUSC in Los Angeles, jeopardizing access to local news, cultural programming, and emergency alerts that keep our communities safe and informed.

    I voted AGAINST this power grab that takes away money Congress has already allocated. This isn’t about saving money — it’s about silencing voices and access to programming that thin-skinned Donald Trump and his Rubber Stamp Republicans don’t like. That’s about as un-American as you can get.”

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    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI USA: Travel Advisory: Route 6 East on-ramp in Johnston to Close Two Nights for Paving

    Source: US State of Rhode Island

    For two nights, Tuesday, July 22 and Wednesday, July 23, from 9 p.m. to 6 a.m. both nights, the Rhode Island Department of Transportation (RIDOT) will temporarily close the on-ramp from Hartford Avenue to Route 6 East. During the closure, RIDOT will mill and resurface this deteriorated roadway and provide a smoother driving surface.

    During this closure, drivers can use the following detours:

    Hartford Avenue Eastbound: Remain on Hartford Avenue past the closed ramp. Turn left onto Killingly Street and use the on-ramp there to Route 6 East.

    Hartford Avenue Westbound: Remain on Hartford Avenue past the closed ramp. Turn left onto Atwood Avenue (Route 5) and follow it to the on-ramp to Route 6 East.

    All construction projects are subject to changes in schedule and scope depending on needs, circumstances, findings, and weather.

    These pavement repairs are made possible by RhodeWorks. RIDOT is committed to bringing Rhode Island’s infrastructure into a state of good repair while respecting the environment and striving to improve it. Learn more at www.ridot.net/RhodeWorks.

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI USA: Cornyn, Hassan Introduce Bill to Help First Responders Fight the Opioid Crisis

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for Texas John Cornyn

    WASHINGTON – U.S. Senators John Cornyn (R-TX) and Maggie Hassan (D-NH) introduced their Halting the Epidemic of Addiction and Loss (HEAL) Act, which would expand access to new opioid overdose reversal agents in addition to naloxone by updating guidance and grant language from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS):

    “The opioid crisis is ravaging communities across the nation, and far too many Texans have lost their lives as a tragic consequence,” said Sen. Cornyn. “This bill would help first responders save more lives by expanding access to new, life-saving overdose reversal medicines, and I urge my colleagues to pass it without delay.”  

    “Fentanyl has devastated communities across New Hampshire, and first responders deserve the most advanced and up-to-date tools to fight this epidemic,” said Sen. Hassan. “This bipartisan legislation will help more first responders get access to new types of overdose reversal agents, giving those on the front lines of responding to the fentanyl crisis all of the tools that they need to help save more lives.”

    Companion legislation passed the House of Representatives in June as part of the SUPPORT for Patients and Communities Reauthorization Act.

    Background:

    For the first time in years, new data revealed overdose deaths decreased nearly 30% from the previous year to more than 80,000 deaths in 2024, with 60% of those deaths involving synthetic opioids like fentanyl. As the U.S. continues to grapple with the opioid crisis, access to overdose reversal agents like naloxone is essential to preventing overdoses and deaths. Current HHS guidance and grant language has inadvertently created a monopoly by limiting regulations, guidance, and grants to naloxone, which restricts access to other FDA-approved and potential “next-generation” overdose reversal agents.

    Sen. Cornyn has long spearheaded the fight in the Senate to combat the fentanyl crisis and has held half a dozen events across Texas to raise awareness of the perils of this drug, including in Dallas, Austin, Carrollton, DFW, and San Antonio. He has also introduced legislation aimed at combatting illegal pill presses. Sen. Cornyn serves as chair of the U.S. Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control for the 119th Congress.

    The HEAL Act would:

    • Ensure that whenever HHS issues a regulation or guidance for any grant program addressing opioid misuse and use disorders, any reference to an opioid overdose reversal agent, such as naloxone, is inclusive of any opioid overdose reversal agent that has been approved or otherwise authorized for use by the FDA.
    • Update naloxone-specific references to be “molecule agnostic” in regulation, guidance, and specific grant programs, including the State Opioid Response Grant (SOR) and the Tribal Opioid Response Grant (TOR).
    • Provide states, local governments, tribes, and nonprofits that receive HHS and SAMHSA grant funding or guidance the opportunity to use the product that best meets the needs of their communities.

    This legislation is endorsed by the National Alliance on Mental Illness, Addiction Policy Forum, Association of Prosecuting Attorneys, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), Association for Addiction Professionals, National Association for Children Impacted by Addiction, National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Agency Directors (NASADAD), National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors, Office of Recovery & Reentry, and 30 others.

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI USA: One Million Reasons to Celebrate Landsat 9

    Source: US Geological Survey

    The USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center archive now contains more than one million Landsat 9 Level-1 products (that’s over 1 billion megabytes of Earth observation data)!

    Since its launch on September 27, 2021, the Landsat 9 satellite has circled the Earth more than 20,000 times. The Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) onboard capture around 750 medium-resolution images each day. 

    This image of Alaska’s northern shoreline near the Canadian border is one of hundreds that were captured and processed on July 13, 2025—the day the millionth image was added to the archive.

    Landsat 9, as along with its counterpart Landsat 8, holds a vital role in understanding and managing America’s natural resources. Areas that benefit from Landsat include water and food security, agriculture, disaster response, land use/land change science, and energy and mineral development,. 

    All Landsat products can be downloaded at no charge from the USGS EROS archive. Visit the Landsat Data Access webpage to explore download options. 

    The Landsat program is a partnership between USGS and NASA. Landsat satellites have been observing Earth for over 50 years—making it the longest-running continuous global record of the Earth’s surface. Visit the Landsat Satellite Missions webpage to learn more about the partnership in Earth observation that started in 1972. 

    Return to all Landsat Headlines

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI: BitMart Research—Pudgy Penguins Goes Viral on Twitter: From NFT Project to Multi-Dimensional Web3 Ecosystem IP

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    Mahe, Seychelles, July 21, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — BitMart Research, the research arm of BitMart Exchange, has released a detailed report on Pudgy Penguins, highlighting its remarkable transformation from an NFT avatar project into a multi-dimensional Web3 ecosystem brand. As major players like Coinbase, VanEck, and OpenSea embrace Pudgy Penguins avatars across social media, the project’s token $PENGU has surged over 200% in the past month, signaling growing institutional and retail interest. With real-world toy sales surpassing $10 million, a thriving gaming segment, and its own zk-powered Layer 2 network Abstract, Pudgy Penguins is emerging as a leading example of IP-driven expansion in crypto—blending culture, consumer products, and blockchain infrastructure into a unified ecosystem.

    I. Pudgy Penguins Spark a Twitter Profile Picture Trend

    Recently, Pudgy Penguins has ignited a profile picture trend across the crypto community, with major industry players such as Coinbase, Binance.US, OpenSea, VanEck, OKX, and BitMart successively changing their official Twitter profile pictures to Pudgy Penguins derivative images. Among them, the endorsement from traditional financial giant VanEck is particularly significant. This asset management firm with a 70-year history not only changed its Twitter avatar to a Pudgy Penguin as early as 2024 but also brought physical Pudgy toys to ring the Nasdaq bell on June 23 this year, marking a milestone of bringing a Web3 IP into mainstream finance. The recent surge in attention has also significantly boosted the price performance of related Pudgy Penguins assets. As of July 17, the ecosystem token $PENGU has skyrocketed by over 216% in the past month, with its market capitalization briefly surpassing $2.8 billion. Meanwhile, Pudgy Penguins NFT trading volume reached $13.726 million, representing a 111% increase compared to the previous month.

    II. The Ecosystem Landscape of Pudgy Penguins

    Since the NFT bear market began in 2022, Pudgy Penguins has not been overwhelmed by negative market sentiment. Instead, it has leveraged its uniquely adorable penguin image to actively pursue IP licensing and commercial implementation, presenting a narrative centered around brand building and cultural operations. Today, Pudgy Penguins has grown into the core brand of a diversified ecosystem. Within this ecosystem, not only is there the Ethereum Layer 2 network Abstract built on ZK architecture, but also a wide range of applications including gaming, MEMEs, NFT lottery platforms, physical toys, and consumer products.
    According to official data as of July, Pudgy Penguins’ toy sales exceeded $10 million, the gaming segment reached 60,000 users, and Abstract accumulated approximately 2.5 million active users. These figures indicate that Pudgy Penguins is transforming into a true Web3 super IP with user scale effects, product commercialization capability, and on-chain infrastructure strength.

    1. Physical Ecosystem
    In terms of physical products, the Pudgy Toys line from Pudgy Penguins is undoubtedly the most successful commercial implementation case. Since its initial launch in May 2023, Pudgy Toys quickly climbed Amazon’s bestseller list with sales surpassing $10 million, and it later successfully entered over 10,000 Walmart stores across the United States. With a rich variety of plush toys, figurines, and igloos, combined with a revenue-sharing mechanism linking Pudgy NFTs to real-world merchandise, NFT holders are also able to earn passive income from product sales. This model offers a valuable reference point for commercialization across the entire NFT industry.

    2. Gaming Sector
    The gaming sector is also a key focus area for Pudgy Penguins. In May of this year, the 1v1 turn-based battle game Pengu Clash launched on the TON ecosystem and attracted over 60,000 players within its first week. In addition, the upcoming multiplayer survival mini-game Pudgy Party, scheduled for release in the summer of 2025, has already drawn significant community interest, with its official Twitter account nearing 100,000 followers. By continuously launching lightweight gaming experiences that align with users’ social habits and entertainment preferences, Pudgy Penguins is steadily expanding the reach of its IP and effectively attracting more users into its ecosystem.

    3. Abstract Ecosystem

    Abstract
    Abstract is an Ethereum Layer 2 network based on ZK-rollup technology, jointly launched by Igloo Inc., the parent company behind Pudgy Penguins, and Cube Labs. It adopts a wallet solution that does not require mnemonic phrases and follows a user-centric design philosophy, aiming to lower the barrier to entry and expand the adoption of consumer-level applications. As of July 18, Abstract’s network TVL reached $42.6M (a 533% increase compared to the beginning of the year), with active users ranging between 50K and 200K. The network hosts a diverse ecosystem that includes games and NFT applications related to Pudgy Penguins. Some of the more popular projects within the ecosystem include:

    • Abster: Abster is the official MEME mascot of Abstract. As of July 17, Abster’s market cap rose to $37.6M, making it the highest-valued MEME token within the Pudgy Penguins ecosystem.
    • Polly: Polly is the official token of the lottery project PollyPrize. Users can participate in the platform’s lottery events by purchasing Polly tokens. One ticket costs either 1 USD or 50 Polly points, and prizes consist of popular NFTs, such as Goblintown and Moonbirds.

    III.Future Development Potential

    In the short term, there are three key developments within the Pudgy Penguins ecosystem that warrant close attention. First, in March of this year, crypto asset management firm Canary Capital officially submitted an application to the SEC to launch a spot ETF product based on $PENGU. If approved, this ETF would become the world’s first to use a native asset from an NFT project as its underlying. This would not only represent a milestone in the integration of Web3 and traditional finance but also bring unprecedented institutional recognition to $PENGU. Achieving asset anchoring and compliant circulation within the traditional financial system would significantly enhance Pudgy Penguins’ liquidity, valuation foundation, and investability for institutions.

    In addition, infrastructure development is accelerating around Abstract. Pudgy Penguins CEO Luca Netz stated publicly during a livestream that Abstract is expected to launch its TGE by the end of this year. As the core infrastructure supporting Pudgy Penguins’ games, NFT interactions, and social applications, the establishment of Abstract’s token mechanism would provide stronger incentives and collaborative expectations for ecosystem participants, driving further attention and activity across native projects like PENGU, Abster, and PollyPrize.

    Finally, the multiplayer survival mini-game Pudgy Party is expected to launch this summer and has already attracted significant community interest. As the official release approaches, MEME characters within the ecosystem—such as Abster—are likely to be integrated into the game through content and gameplay collaboration, further strengthening brand stickiness and increasing ecosystem engagement.

    Pudgy Penguins has now evolved far beyond the scope of a traditional NFT project. It has developed into a composite Web3 brand encompassing IP, physical products, gaming, and infrastructure. Originating from a PFP IP, it has expanded into offline consumer goods, casual social games, ZK Layer2 infrastructure, and MEME tokens with lottery platforms—gradually building a comprehensive ecosystem that spans virtual and real-world experiences, multi-chain architecture, and diverse application scenarios. This multidimensional ecosystem is a key reason why Pudgy Penguins continues to maintain market vibrancy despite the broader NFT market downturn.

    About BitMart

    BitMart is a premier global digital asset trading platform with more than 10 million users worldwide. Consistently ranked among the top crypto exchanges on CoinGecko, BitMart offers over 1,700 trading pairs with competitive fees. Committed to continuous innovation and financial inclusivity, BitMart empowers users globally to trade seamlessly. Learn more about BitMart at Website, follow their X (Twitter), or join their Telegram for updates, news, and promotions. Download BitMart App to trade anytime, anywhere.

    Risk Warning:

    The information provided is for reference only and should not be considered a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any financial asset. All information is provided in good faith. However, we make no representations or warranties, express or implied, as to the accuracy, adequacy, validity, reliability, availability or completeness of such information.

    All cryptocurrency investments (including returns) are highly speculative in nature and involve significant risk of loss. Past, hypothetical or simulated performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. The value of digital currencies may rise or fall, and there may be significant risks in buying, selling, holding or trading digital currencies. You should carefully consider whether trading or holding digital currencies is suitable for you based on your personal investment objectives, financial situation and risk tolerance. BitMart does not provide any investment, legal or tax advice.

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI Submissions: Africa’s minerals are being bartered for security: why it’s a bad idea

    Source: The Conversation – Africa (2) – By Hanri Mostert, SARChI Chair for Mineral Law in Africa, University of Cape Town

    A US-brokered peace deal between the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Rwanda binds the two African nations to a worrying arrangement: one where a country signs away its mineral resources to a superpower in return for opaque assurances of security.

    The peace deal, signed in June 2025, aims to end three decades of conflict between the DRC and Rwanda.

    A key part of the agreement binds both nations to developing a regional economic integration framework. This arrangement would expand cooperation between the two states, the US government and American investors on “transparent, formalized end-to-end mineral chains”.

    Despite its immense mineral wealth, the DRC is among the five poorest countries in the world. It has been seeking US investment in its mineral sector.

    The US has in turn touted a potential multi-billion-dollar investment programme to anchor its mineral supply chains in the traumatised and poor territory.

    The peace that the June 2025 deal promises, therefore, hinges on chaining mineral supply to the US in exchange for Washington’s powerful – but vaguely formulated – military oversight.

    The peace agreement further establishes a joint oversight committee – with representatives from the African Union, Qatar and the US – to receive complaints and resolve disputes between the DRC and Rwanda.

    But beyond the joint oversight committee, the peace deal creates no specific security obligations for the US.

    The relationship between the DRC and Rwanda has been marred by war and tension since the bloody First (1996-1997) and Second (1998-2003) Congo wars. At the heart of much of this conflict is the DRC’s mineral wealth. It has fuelled competition, exploitation and armed violence.

    This latest peace deal introduces a resources-for-security arrangement. Such deals aren’t new in Africa. They first emerged in the early 2000s as resources-for-infrastructure transactions. Here, a foreign state would agree to build economic and social infrastructure (roads, ports, airports, hospitals) in an African state. In exchange, it would get a major stake in a government-owned mining company. Or gain preferential access to the host country’s minerals.

    We have studied mineral law and governance in Africa for more than 20 years. The question that emerges now is whether a US-brokered resources-for-security agreement will help the DRC benefit from its resources.

    Based on our research on mining, development and sustainability, we believe this is unlikely.

    This is because resources-for-security is the latest version of a resource-bartering approach that China and Russia pioneered in countries such as Angola, the Central African Republic and the DRC.

    Resource bartering in Africa has eroded the sovereignty and bargaining power of mineral-rich nations such as the DRC and Angola.

    Further, resources-for-security deals are less transparent and more complicated than prior resource bartering agreements.

    DRC’s security gaps

    The DRC is endowed with major deposits of critical minerals like cobalt, copper, lithium, manganese and tantalum. These are the building blocks for 21st century technologies: artificial intelligence, electric vehicles, wind energy and military security hardware. Rwanda has less mineral wealth than its neighbour, but is the world’s third-largest producer of tantalum, used in electronics, aerospace and medical devices.

    For almost 30 years, minerals have fuelled conflict and severe violence, especially in eastern DRC. Tungsten, tantalum and gold (referred to as 3TG) finance and drive conflict as government forces and an estimated 130 armed groups vie for control over lucrative mining sites. Several reports and studies have implicated the DRC’s neighbours – Rwanda and Uganda – in supporting the illegal extraction of 3TG in this region.

    The DRC government has failed to extend security over its vast (2.3 million square kilometres) and diverse territory (109 million people, representing 250 ethnic groups). Limited resources, logistical challenges and corruption have weakened its armed forces.

    This context makes the United States’ military backing enormously attractive. But our research shows there are traps.

    What states risk losing

    Resources-for-infrastructure and resources-for-security deals generally offer African nations short-term stability, financing or global goodwill. However, the costs are often long-term because of an erosion of sovereign control.

    Here’s how this happens:

    Examples of loss or near-loss of sovereignty from these sorts of deals abound in Africa.

    For instance, Angola’s US$2 billion oil-backed loan from China Eximbank in 2004. This was repayable in monthly deliveries of oil, with revenues directed to Chinese-controlled accounts. The loan’s design deprived Angolan authorities of decision-making power over that income stream even before the oil was extracted.

    These deals also fragment accountability. They often span multiple ministries (such as defence, mining and trade), avoiding robust oversight or accountability. Fragmentation makes resource sectors vulnerable to elite capture. Powerful insiders can manipulate agreements for private gain.

    In the DRC, this has created a violent kleptocracy, where resource wealth is systematically diverted away from popular benefit.

    Finally, there is the risk of re-entrenching extractive trauma. Communities displaced for mining and environmental degradation in many countries across Africa illustrate the long-standing harm to livelihoods, health and social cohesion.

    These are not new problems. But where extraction is tied to security or infrastructure, such damage risks becoming permanent features, not temporary costs.

    What needs to change

    Critical minerals are “critical” because they’re hard to mine or substitute. Additionally, their supply chains are strategically vulnerable and politically exposed. Whoever controls these minerals controls the future. Africa must make sure it doesn’t trade that future away.

    In a world being reshaped by global interests in critical minerals, African states must not underestimate the strategic value of their mineral resources. They hold considerable leverage.

    But leverage only works if it is wielded strategically. This means:

    • investing in institutional strength and legal capacity to negotiate better deals

    • demanding local value creation and addition

    • requiring transparency and parliamentary oversight for minerals-related agreements

    • refusing deals that bypass human rights, environmental or sovereignty standards.

    Africa has the resources. It must hold on to the power they wield.

    Hanri Mostert receives funding from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa. She is a member of the Expropriation Expert Group and a steering committee member of the International Bar Association’s (IBA) Academic Advisory Group (AAG) in the Sector for Energy, Environmental, Resources and Infrastructure Law (SEERIL).

    Tracy-Lynn Field receives funding from the Claude Leon Foundation. She is a non-executive director of the Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa.

    ref. Africa’s minerals are being bartered for security: why it’s a bad idea – https://theconversation.com/africas-minerals-are-being-bartered-for-security-why-its-a-bad-idea-260594

    MIL OSI

  • MIL-OSI USA: Rep. Dan Goldman, Bill Nye Discuss Importance of Protecting Public Broadcasting, Condemn Trump’s Rescissions Package

    Source: US Congressman Dan Goldman (NY-10)

    Goldman is Co-Chair of the Public Broadcasting Caucus  

    Rescissions Package Strips All Federal Funding for Corporation of Public Broadcasting  

    Watch the Discussion Here 

    Washington, D.C. — Congressman Dan Goldman (NY-10) hosted renowned kids’ science education advocate Bill Nye, “the Science Guy,” to highlight the vital role public broadcasting plays in K–12 education and community resilience. Following the Senate’s narrow approval earlier this week, House Republicans this morning passed President Trump’s $9 billion rescissions package, which eliminates all federal funding for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB). 

    Congressman Goldman led an amendment to strike the proposed cuts to CPB, an effort co-sponsored by 34 Democratic colleagues. House Republicans rejected the amendment, voting instead to gut critical support for public media that millions of Americans rely on for educational, cultural, and emergency programming. 

    The Republican-backed rescissions package deals a devastating blow to our democratic institutions at home, American leadership abroad, and the countless American citizens who rely on public broadcasting for emergency alerts, local news, and educational programming.  

    CPB-funded public media reaches nearly 99.7% percent of the American population, and its funding finances over 1,500 public television and radio stations across the country, supporting approximately 20,000 local jobs. 

    In addition to emergency response systems and local journalism, federal funding for CPB also enables public broadcasting to support educational content that parents nationwide rely on to help their children learn, averaging 16 million monthly users and more than 350 million monthly streams across digital platforms, allowing people at all income levels and from all parts of the country to access consistent, high-quality, educational content for free. 

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    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI USA: NCDHHS, First Lady Anna Stein Celebrate Launch of Unshame NC, A Public Awareness Campaign to Reduce Stigma and Promote Evidence-Based Care for Substance Use Disorder

    Source: US State of North Carolina

    Headline: NCDHHS, First Lady Anna Stein Celebrate Launch of Unshame NC, A Public Awareness Campaign to Reduce Stigma and Promote Evidence-Based Care for Substance Use Disorder

    NCDHHS, First Lady Anna Stein Celebrate Launch of Unshame NC, A Public Awareness Campaign to Reduce Stigma and Promote Evidence-Based Care for Substance Use Disorder
    jawerner

    The North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services and First Lady Anna Stein, in collaboration with Shatterproof, announced the launch of the Unshame North Carolina (Unshame NC) campaign to end stigma related to substance use disorder. Unshame NC has two primary goals: to increase knowledge and awareness of substance use disorder and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) as a treatment option.

    “Stigma is deeply rooted and causes real harm to people and communities across North Carolina,” said NC Health and Human Services Secretary Dev Sangvai. “Unshame NC is part of a collaborative effort from all of us to end stigma, build acceptance and increase support for treatment for people on their path to recovery.”

    Many people struggling with substance use don’t seek help because of stigma,” said North Carolina First Lady Anna Stein. “This campaign will highlight the stories of people who have experience with substance use disorder and recovery and bring greater awareness to effective methods of treatment for opioid use disorder.”

    NCDHHS and First Lady Stein launched Unshame NC this morning at the Wake County Drug Overdose Prevention Coalition meeting. The website, https://www.unshamenc.org/ includes testimonials from North Carolinians sharing their personal stories of substance use, hope and recovery. Facebook and Instagram content will help drive users to the website, which provides links to resources, including information on how to find the right treatment center, and guidance for providers and for family members seeking care for a loved one. NCDHHS contracted with national non-profit Shatterproof to develop and implement the Unshame NC campaign.

    Recent data from a statewide survey indicates 57% of North Carolinians know someone with opioid use disorder. Despite this widespread issue, only 34% of North Carolina residents know how to find quality treatment for themselves or their loved ones. Additionally, only one in five adults in North Carolina recognizes that opioid use disorder is a medical condition. These findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive education that connects people to lifesaving resources and treatment.

    “There’s no better evidence that recovery is real than a life changed,” said Kelly Crosbie, MSW LCSW, NCDHHS Director of the Division of Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities and Substance Use Services. “We’re pairing the stories of people in recovery with a statewide effort to increase access to MOUD, so more people can benefit from evidence-based care. Real access means supporting people on the recovery journey that makes sense for them, without judgment—and offering them every opportunity for lifesaving treatment, that includes MOUD.”

    Unshame NC focuses on the voices and experiences of North Carolinians impacted by substance use disorder. Through storytelling, education, and grassroots activation, the campaign demonstrates that people with substance use disorder are valued members of our communities—our family, neighbors, and coworkers—and highlights actionable ways we can ensure everyone has the support they need to thrive.

    “While most North Carolinians believe that people with SUD can recover with treatment, stigma and misinformation can create barriers to care,” said Courtney McKeon, Senior Vice President for Shatterproof’s National Stigma Initiative and longtime resident of The Research Triangle. “We see this often regarding medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), a gold standard of care. Through the stories of North Carolinians, we have the opportunity to increase understanding of all treatment options and support individuals on their path to improved health and wellness.”

    “It’s not just about overdoses. It’s not just about lives that were lost or lives that were saved,” says Michael, one of Unshame NC’s story sharers. “It’s also about how we treat the people who went through it and how we bring them out of the shadows. How do we welcome them back into society? How do we get them back to where we need to be? And that requires a lot of folks like me to speak out and help break the stigma.”

    People with substance use disorder flourish in environments that offer both community support and multiple pathways for treatment. If you want to share your story with NCDHHS and Unshame NC, you can get involved by filling out a Story Sharer Interest Form or joining the Unshame NC coalition. 

    Follow @UnshameNC on Facebook and Instagram or visit us at www.UnshameNC.org to hear people’s stories and learn more.

    If you or someone you know is in crisis, NCDHHS provides somewhere to go, someone to talk to and someone to respond. You can find the help that is right for you 24/7 on the NCDHHS Crisis Services website.

    The 988 Lifeline Chat and Text – 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline is free, confidential, and available to everyone 24/7 by call, text, or chat.

    North Carolinians can call the 24/7 Peer Warmline at 1-855-PEERS NC (855-733-7762) to speak with a Peer Support Specialist. Peer Support Specialists (or “peers”) are people living in recovery with mental illness and/or substance use disorder who provide support to others who may have similar life experiences and can benefit from their lived experiences. 

    The NC Recovery Helpline (800-688-4232) offers support and referrals for treatment and resources.

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    About Shatterproof

    Shatterproof is a national nonprofit organization dedicated to reversing the addiction crisis in the U.S. Shatterproof is focused on guiding communities, removing systemic barriers to recovery, mobilizing the country to advocate for change, and ending stigma in the United States. Find Shatterproof on Facebook, X, and YouTube or follow us on Instagram. To learn more, visit www.Shatterproof.org.

    El Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de Carolina del Norte (NCDHHS, por sus siglas en inglés) y la Primera Dama Anna Stein, en colaboración con Shatterproof, anunciaron el lanzamiento de la campaña Unshame North Carolina (Unshame NC) para poner fin al estigma relacionado con el trastorno por consumo de sustancias. Unshame NC tiene dos objetivos principales: aumentar el conocimiento y la conciencia del trastorno por consumo de sustancias y los medicamentos para el trastorno por consumo de opioides (MOUD) como opción de tratamiento.

    “El estigma está profundamente arraigado y causa un daño real a las personas y comunidades de Carolina del Norte”, dijo el secretario de Salud y Servicios Humanos de Carolina del Norte, Dev Sangvai. “Unshame NC es parte de un esfuerzo de colaboración de todos nosotros para poner fin al estigma, generar aceptación y aumentar el apoyo para el tratamiento de las personas en su camino hacia la recuperación”.

    Muchas personas que luchan con el uso de sustancias no buscan ayuda debido al estigma”, dijo la primera dama de Carolina del Norte, Anna Stein. “Esta campaña destacará las historias de las personas que tienen experiencia con el trastorno por consumo de sustancias y la recuperación y generará una mayor conciencia sobre los métodos efectivos de tratamiento para el trastorno por consumo de opioides”.

    NCDHHS y la Primera Dama Stein lanzaron Unshame NC esta mañana en la reunión de la Coalición de Prevención de Sobredosis de Drogas del Condado de Wake. El sitio web, https://www.unshamenc.org/ incluye testimonios de habitantes de Carolina del Norte que comparten sus historias personales sobre el uso de sustancias, la esperanza y la recuperación. El contenido de Facebook e Instagram ayudará a dirigir a los usuarios al sitio web, que proporciona enlaces a recursos, incluso la información sobre cómo encontrar el centro de tratamiento adecuado, y orientación para los proveedores y para los familiares que buscan atención para un ser querido. NCDHHS contrató a la organización nacional sin fines de lucro Shatterproof para desarrollar e implementar la campaña Unshame NC.

    Datos recientes de una encuesta estatal indican que el 57% de los habitantes de Carolina del Norte conocen a alguien con trastorno por consumo de opioides. A pesar de este problema generalizado, solo el 34% de los residentes de Carolina del Norte saben cómo encontrar un tratamiento de calidad para ellos o sus seres queridos. Además, solo uno de cada cinco adultos en Carolina del Norte reconoce que el trastorno por uso de opioides es una afección médica. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad urgente de una educación integral que conecte a las personas con recursos y tratamientos que salvan vidas.

    “No hay mejor evidencia de que la recuperación es real que una vida cambiada”, dijo Kelly Crosbie, MSW LCSW, Directora de NCDHHS de la División de Salud Mental, Discapacidades del Desarrollo y Servicios de Uso de Sustancias. “Estamos combinando las historias de las personas en recuperación con un esfuerzo estatal para aumentar el acceso a medicamentos para el trastorno por uso de opioides (MOUD, por sus siglas en inglés), para que más personas puedan beneficiarse de la atención basada en la evidencia. El acceso real significa apoyar a las personas en el viaje de recuperación que tiene sentido para ellas, sin juzgarlas, y ofrecerles todas las oportunidades para un tratamiento que salve vidas, esto incluye MOUD”.

    Unshame NC se centra en las voces y experiencias de los habitantes de Carolina del Norte afectados por el trastorno por consumo de sustancias. A través de la narración de historias, la educación y la movilización popular, la campaña demuestra que las personas con trastorno por uso de sustancias son miembros valiosos de nuestras comunidades (nuestra familia, vecinos y compañeros de trabajo) y destaca las formas prácticas en que podemos garantizar que todos tengan el apoyo que necesitan para prosperar.

    “Si bien la mayoría de los habitantes de Carolina del Norte creen que las personas con trastornos por uso de sustancias (SUD, por sus siglas en inglés) pueden recuperarse con tratamiento, el estigma y la desinformación pueden crear barreras para la atención”, dijo Courtney McKeon, vicepresidenta senior de la Iniciativa Nacional de Estigma de Shatterproof (Shatterproof’s National Stigma Initiative) y habitante desde hace mucho tiempo del Research Triangle. “Vemos esto a menudo con respecto a los medicamentos para el trastorno por uso de opioides (MOUD), un estándar de oro de atención. A través de las historias de los habitantes de Carolina del Norte, tenemos la oportunidad de aumentar la comprensión de todas las opciones de tratamiento y apoyar a las personas en su camino hacia una mejor salud y bienestar”.

    “No se trata solo de sobredosis. No se trata solo de vidas que se perdieron o de vidas que se salvaron”, dice Michael, uno de los participantes de la historia de Unshame NC. “También se trata de cómo tratamos a las personas que pasaron por eso y cómo las sacamos de las sombras. ¿Cómo los recibimos de nuevo a la sociedad? ¿Cómo conseguir que vuelvan a estar a donde tenemos que estar? Y eso requiere que mucha gente como yo hable y ayude a romper el estigma”.

    Las personas con trastorno por uso de sustancias prosperan en entornos que ofrecen tanto apoyo comunitario como múltiples vías de tratamiento. Si quiere compartir su historia con NCDHHS y Unshame NC, puedes participar completando un Formulario de interés para compartir historias o uniéndose a la coalición Unshame NC

    Siga @UnshameNC en Facebook y Instagram o visítenos en el sitio web; www.UnshameNC.org para escuchar las historias de las personas y obtener más información.

    Si usted o alguien que conoce está en crisis, NCDHHS proporciona un lugar a donde ir, alguien con quien hablar y alguien quien responde. Puede encontrar la ayuda adecuada para usted las 24 horas del día, los 7 días de la semana en el sitio web de Servicios de crisis de NCDHHS.

    La línea 988 de Prevención del Suicidio y Crisis (988 Lifeline Chat and Text – 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline) es gratuita, confidencial y está disponible para todos 24/7 por llamada, mensaje de texto o chat.

    Los habitantes de Carolina del Norte pueden llamar a la Línea de Ayuda de Pares al 1-855-PEERS NC (855-733-7762) para hablar con un Especialista en Apoyo de Pares. Los especialistas en apoyo entre pares (o “pares”) son personas que viven en recuperación con enfermedades mentales y/o trastornos por uso de sustancias quienes brindan apoyo a otras personas que pueden tener experiencias de vida similares y pueden beneficiarse de sus experiencias vividas. La línea de ayuda para Recuperación NC (NC Recovery Helpline) (800-688-4232) ofrece apoyo y referencias para tratamiento y recursos.

    ###

    Acerca de Shatterproof

    Shatterproof es una organización nacional sin fines de lucro dedicada a revertir la crisis de adicción en los EE. UU. Shatterproof se centra en guiar a las comunidades, eliminar las barreras sistémicas para la recuperación, movilizar al país para abogar por el cambio y poner fin al estigma en los Estados Unidos. Encuentra Shatterproof en Facebook, X y YouTube o síguenos en Instagram. Para obtener más información, visita www.Shatterproof.org.

    Jul 21, 2025

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI Security: Giovanni Vicente Mosquera Serrano Added to FBI’s Ten Most Wanted Fugitives List

    Source: US FBI

    In June 2025, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas issued a federal arrest warrant for Mosquera Serrano after he was charged with conspiring to provide and providing material support to a foreign terrorist organization, as well as conspiracy and distribution of cocaine in Colombia intended for distribution in the U.S.

    Formed in the early 2010s, TdA has recently exploded in membership and criminal activity in the U. S.

    “At first, TdA was primarily composed of former inmates and individuals from Venezuela,” said Soyez. “Over time, the gang and the organization evolved. They became a more structured and powerful criminal group involved in various activities, including drug trafficking, extortion, and human trafficking.”

    The gang’s influence has spread throughout Latin America and into the U.S., and they have established major networks for drug distribution, weapons trafficking, and human trafficking—and have even partnered with other criminal organizations.

    For law enforcement trying to protect their communities, this transnational organized crime system creates a challenge.

    “What we’ve seen over time, as we look back in our history dealing with transnational organized crime, is how quickly these criminal organizations can spread,” said Soyez. “We know the instability they can cause to our cities and our communities, and so I think from the FBI’s perspective, it’s something we want to be ahead of.”

    The FBI and law enforcement partners are focused on finding these dangerous criminals and bringing justice to victims of their crimes. Adding Mosquera Serrano to the Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list provides an opportunity for law enforcement to work with the public in fighting transnational organized crime across the country.

    “With TdA, we’ve seen instances of extreme violence and intimidation, causing a terror in our communities,” said Soyez. “Naming Mosquera Serrano as a Top Ten fugitive really highlights TdA and shows our aggressiveness to go after its leadership.”

    Mosquera Serrano is 37 years old and has black hair and brown eyes. He is a Venezuelan national and speaks Spanish. Aliases include Jhovanni San Vicente, “El Viejo,” and Jhovanni Vicente Mosquera Serrano.

    Investigators believe that Mosquera Serrano may be in Venezuela or Colombia and that he should be considered armed and dangerous.

    “The FBI, along with our federal partners and international partners, can seek justice in foreign countries, and so, we would encourage those with any information, whether it’s inside the U.S. or another country, to please report that information because the FBI has the ability to bring justice and arrest Mosquera Serrano, even if it’s not within the United States,” said Soyez.

    If you have any information about Mosquera Serrano, please contact your local FBI office or the nearest American embassy or consulate or call the FBI at 1-800-CALL-FBI (1-800-225-5324). You can also submit a tip online at tips.fbi.gov or contact the FBI via WhatsApp at 571-379-3951. WhatsApp is neither a government-operated nor a government-controlled platform.

    MIL Security OSI

  • MIL-OSI: Crypto Futures Made Simple: BexBack Offers No KYC, 100x Leverage and Double Deposit Bonus to All New Users

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    SINGAPORE, July 21, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — With Bitcoin’s price fluctuating above $120,000, many analysts predict a prolonged period of high volatility in the crypto market. Holding spot positions may struggle to generate short-term profits in such conditions. As a result, 100x leverage futures trading has become the preferred tool for seasoned investors looking to maximize potential gains in this volatile market. BexBack Exchange is ramping up its efforts to offer traders unmatched promotional packages. The platform now features a 100% deposit bonus, a $50 welcome bonus for new users, and 100x leverage on cryptocurrency trading, providing exceptional opportunities for investors.

    What Is 100x Leverage and How Does It Work?

    Simply put, 100x leverage allows you to open larger trading positions with less capital. For example:

    Suppose the Bitcoin price is $100,000 that day, and you open a long contract with 1 BTC. After using 100x leverage, the transaction amount is equivalent to 100 BTC.

    One day later, if the price rises to $105,000, your profit will be (105,000 – 100,000) * 100 BTC / 100,000 = 5 BTC, a yield of up to 500%.

    With BexBack’s deposit bonus

    BexBack offers a 100% deposit bonus. If the initial investment is 2 BTC, the profit will increase to 10 BTC, and the return on investment will double to 1000%.

    Note: Although leveraged trading can magnify profits, you also need to be wary of liquidation risks.

    How Does the 100% Deposit Bonus Work?
    The deposit bonus from BexBack cannot be directly withdrawn but can be used to open larger positions and increase potential profits. Additionally, during significant market fluctuations, the bonus can serve as extra margin, effectively reducing the risk of liquidation.

    About BexBack?

    BexBack is a leading cryptocurrency derivatives platform that offers 100x leverage on BTC, ETH, ADA, SOL, and XRP futures contracts. It is headquartered in Singapore with offices in Hong Kong, Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Argentina. It holds a US MSB (Money Services Business) license and is trusted by more than 500,000 traders worldwide. Accepts users from the United States, Canada, and Europe. There are no deposit fees, and traders can get the most thoughtful service, including 24/7 customer support.

    Why recommend BexBack?

    No KYC Required: Start trading immediately without complex identity verification.

    100% Deposit Bonus: Double your funds, double your profits.

    High-Leverage Trading: Offers up to 100x leverage, maximizing investors’ capital efficiency.

    Demo Account: Comes with 10 BTC in virtual funds, ideal for beginners to practice risk-free trading.

    Comprehensive Trading Options: Feature-rich trading available via Web and mobile applications.

    Convenient Operation: No slippage, no spread, and fast, precise trade execution.

    Global User Support: Enjoy 24/7 customer service, no matter where you are.

    Lucrative Affiliate Rewards: Earn up to 50% commission, perfect for promoters.

    Take Action Now—Don’t Miss Another Opportunity!

    If you missed the previous crypto bull run, this could be your chance. With BexBack’s 100x leverage and 100% deposit bonus and $50 bonus for new users , you can be a winner in the new bull run.

    Sign up on BexBack now, claim your exclusive bonus and start accumulating more BTC today!

    Website: www.bexback.com

    Contact: business@bexback.com

    Contact:
    Amanda
    business@bexback.com

    Disclaimer: This content is provided by BexBack. The statements, views, and opinions expressed in this content are solely those of the content provider and do not necessarily reflect the views of this media platform or its publisher. We do not endorse, verify, or guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of any information presented. We do not guarantee any claims, statements, or promises made in this article. This content is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial, investment, or trading advice.Investing in crypto and mining-related opportunities involves significant risks, including the potential loss of capital. It is possible to lose all your capital. These products may not be suitable for everyone, and you should ensure that you understand the risks involved. Seek independent advice if necessary. Speculate only with funds that you can afford to lose. Readers are strongly encouraged to conduct their own research and consult with a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.Neither the media platform nor the publisher shall be held responsible for any fraudulent activities, misrepresentations, or financial losses arising from the content of this press release. In the event of any legal claims or charges against this article, we accept no liability or responsibility. Globenewswire does not endorse any content on this page.

    Legal Disclaimer: This media platform provides the content of this article on an “as-is” basis, without any warranties or representations of any kind, express or implied. We assume no responsibility for any inaccuracies, errors, or omissions. We do not assume any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information presented herein. Any concerns, complaints, or copyright issues related to this article should be directed to the content provider mentioned above.

    Photos accompanying this announcement are available at:
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    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI Africa: Africa’s minerals are being bartered for security: why it’s a bad idea

    Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Hanri Mostert, SARChI Chair for Mineral Law in Africa, University of Cape Town

    A US-brokered peace deal between the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Rwanda binds the two African nations to a worrying arrangement: one where a country signs away its mineral resources to a superpower in return for opaque assurances of security.

    The peace deal, signed in June 2025, aims to end three decades of conflict between the DRC and Rwanda.

    A key part of the agreement binds both nations to developing a regional economic integration framework. This arrangement would expand cooperation between the two states, the US government and American investors on “transparent, formalized end-to-end mineral chains”.

    Despite its immense mineral wealth, the DRC is among the five poorest countries in the world. It has been seeking US investment in its mineral sector.

    The US has in turn touted a potential multi-billion-dollar investment programme to anchor its mineral supply chains in the traumatised and poor territory.

    The peace that the June 2025 deal promises, therefore, hinges on chaining mineral supply to the US in exchange for Washington’s powerful – but vaguely formulated – military oversight.

    The peace agreement further establishes a joint oversight committee – with representatives from the African Union, Qatar and the US – to receive complaints and resolve disputes between the DRC and Rwanda.

    But beyond the joint oversight committee, the peace deal creates no specific security obligations for the US.

    The relationship between the DRC and Rwanda has been marred by war and tension since the bloody First (1996-1997) and Second (1998-2003) Congo wars. At the heart of much of this conflict is the DRC’s mineral wealth. It has fuelled competition, exploitation and armed violence.

    This latest peace deal introduces a resources-for-security arrangement. Such deals aren’t new in Africa. They first emerged in the early 2000s as resources-for-infrastructure transactions. Here, a foreign state would agree to build economic and social infrastructure (roads, ports, airports, hospitals) in an African state. In exchange, it would get a major stake in a government-owned mining company. Or gain preferential access to the host country’s minerals.

    We have studied mineral law and governance in Africa for more than 20 years. The question that emerges now is whether a US-brokered resources-for-security agreement will help the DRC benefit from its resources.

    Based on our research on mining, development and sustainability, we believe this is unlikely.

    This is because resources-for-security is the latest version of a resource-bartering approach that China and Russia pioneered in countries such as Angola, the Central African Republic and the DRC.

    Resource bartering in Africa has eroded the sovereignty and bargaining power of mineral-rich nations such as the DRC and Angola.

    Further, resources-for-security deals are less transparent and more complicated than prior resource bartering agreements.

    DRC’s security gaps

    The DRC is endowed with major deposits of critical minerals like cobalt, copper, lithium, manganese and tantalum. These are the building blocks for 21st century technologies: artificial intelligence, electric vehicles, wind energy and military security hardware. Rwanda has less mineral wealth than its neighbour, but is the world’s third-largest producer of tantalum, used in electronics, aerospace and medical devices.

    For almost 30 years, minerals have fuelled conflict and severe violence, especially in eastern DRC. Tungsten, tantalum and gold (referred to as 3TG) finance and drive conflict as government forces and an estimated 130 armed groups vie for control over lucrative mining sites. Several reports and studies have implicated the DRC’s neighbours – Rwanda and Uganda – in supporting the illegal extraction of 3TG in this region.

    The DRC government has failed to extend security over its vast (2.3 million square kilometres) and diverse territory (109 million people, representing 250 ethnic groups). Limited resources, logistical challenges and corruption have weakened its armed forces.

    This context makes the United States’ military backing enormously attractive. But our research shows there are traps.

    What states risk losing

    Resources-for-infrastructure and resources-for-security deals generally offer African nations short-term stability, financing or global goodwill. However, the costs are often long-term because of an erosion of sovereign control.

    Here’s how this happens:

    Examples of loss or near-loss of sovereignty from these sorts of deals abound in Africa.

    For instance, Angola’s US$2 billion oil-backed loan from China Eximbank in 2004. This was repayable in monthly deliveries of oil, with revenues directed to Chinese-controlled accounts. The loan’s design deprived Angolan authorities of decision-making power over that income stream even before the oil was extracted.

    These deals also fragment accountability. They often span multiple ministries (such as defence, mining and trade), avoiding robust oversight or accountability. Fragmentation makes resource sectors vulnerable to elite capture. Powerful insiders can manipulate agreements for private gain.

    In the DRC, this has created a violent kleptocracy, where resource wealth is systematically diverted away from popular benefit.

    Finally, there is the risk of re-entrenching extractive trauma. Communities displaced for mining and environmental degradation in many countries across Africa illustrate the long-standing harm to livelihoods, health and social cohesion.

    These are not new problems. But where extraction is tied to security or infrastructure, such damage risks becoming permanent features, not temporary costs.

    What needs to change

    Critical minerals are “critical” because they’re hard to mine or substitute. Additionally, their supply chains are strategically vulnerable and politically exposed. Whoever controls these minerals controls the future. Africa must make sure it doesn’t trade that future away.

    In a world being reshaped by global interests in critical minerals, African states must not underestimate the strategic value of their mineral resources. They hold considerable leverage.

    But leverage only works if it is wielded strategically. This means:

    • investing in institutional strength and legal capacity to negotiate better deals

    • demanding local value creation and addition

    • requiring transparency and parliamentary oversight for minerals-related agreements

    • refusing deals that bypass human rights, environmental or sovereignty standards.

    Africa has the resources. It must hold on to the power they wield.

    – Africa’s minerals are being bartered for security: why it’s a bad idea
    – https://theconversation.com/africas-minerals-are-being-bartered-for-security-why-its-a-bad-idea-260594

    MIL OSI Africa

  • MIL-OSI Security: Smithfield man sentenced to over two years in prison for illegally possessing a firearm

    Source: United States Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco Firearms and Explosives (ATF)

    NEWPORT NEWS, Va. – A Smithfield man was sentenced yesterday to two years and four months in prison for being a felon in possession of a firearm.

    According to court documents, on May 25, 2024, law enforcement conducted a traffic stop on Ahmod Keshawn Finney, 24, and placed him in custody pursuant to outstanding state arrest warrants. While Finney was being detained, officers observed and recovered a loaded handgun from the vehicle. The handgun was stolen and was equipped with an extended magazine and a machinegun conversion device.

    As a previously convicted felon, Finney cannot legally possess firearms or ammunition.

    Erik S. Siebert, U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia; Anthony A. Spotswood, Special Agent in Charge of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Washington Field Division; Col. Matthew D. Hanley, Superintendent of Virginia State Police; and Steve R. Drew, Chief of Newport News Police, made the announcement after sentencing by U.S. District Judge Jamar K. Walker.

    Assistant U.S. Attorney Peter G. Osyf prosecuted the case.

    This case is part of Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN), a program bringing together all levels of law enforcement and the communities they serve to reduce violent crime and gun violence, and to make our neighborhoods safer for everyone. On May 26, 2021, the Department launched a violent crime reduction strategy strengthening PSN based on these core principles: fostering trust and legitimacy in our communities, supporting community-based organizations that help prevent violence from occurring in the first place, setting focused and strategic enforcement priorities, and measuring the results.

    A copy of this press release is located on the website of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of Virginia. Related court documents and information are located on the website of the District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia or on PACER by searching for Case No. 4:24-cr-86.

    MIL Security OSI

  • MIL-OSI Security: U.S. Attorney’s Office Filed 84 Border-Related Cases This Week

    Source: United States Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco Firearms and Explosives (ATF)

    SAN DIEGO – Federal prosecutors in the Southern District of California filed 84 border-related cases this week, including charges of assault on a federal officer, bringing in aliens for financial gain, reentering the U.S. after deportation, and importation of controlled substances.

    The U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of California is the fourth-busiest federal district, largely due to a high volume of border-related crimes. This district, encompassing San Diego and Imperial counties, shares a 140-mile border with Mexico. It includes the San Ysidro Port of Entry, the world’s busiest land border crossing, connecting San Diego (America’s eighth largest city) and Tijuana (Mexico’s second largest city).

    In addition to reactive border-related crimes, the Southern District of California also prosecutes a significant number of proactive cases related to terrorism, organized crime, drugs, white-collar fraud, violent crime, cybercrime, human trafficking and national security. Recent developments in those and other significant areas of prosecution can be found here.

    A sample of border-related arrests this week:

    • On July 11, Nicolas Duarte-Moreno, a Mexican citizen, was arrested and charged with Bringing in Aliens for Financial Gain. According to a complaint, Duarte-Moreno was arrested by Customs and Border Protection officers after he attempted to enter the U.S. in a Mitsubishi Eclipse Spyder through a Sentri lane at the Otay Mesa Port of Entry with an undocumented immigrant hiding in the vehicle. Officers found the immigrant from Guatemala concealed in the cargo area where the convertible top retracts. While CBP officials dismantled the cargo area by removing bolts and speakers to find and extricate the immigrant, he complained that he could not breathe. He was immediately taken to a hospital.
    • On July 15, Luis Angel Galvez Alvarez, Julio Cesar Oros Castro and Francisco Javier Castro Acosta, all Mexican citizens, were arrested and charged with Importation of a Controlled Substance. According to a complaint, the trio attempted to enter the U.S. about the same time, each driving a Freightliner tractor through the Otay Mesa Commercial Facility. Customs and Border Protection officers stopped each vehicle; they found about 29 pounds of cocaine concealed in the walls behind the beds of each tractor. The complaint said all three drivers admitted they were employed by the same trucking company.
    • On July 16, Jorge Ismael Valencia-Julian, a Mexican citizen, was arrested and charged with Deported Alien Found in the United States. According to a complaint, Valencia-Julian was arrested by a Border Patrol agent who tracked his footprints for five hours as the defendant tried to escape in rough terrain. Valencia-Julian was previously deported in March 2024 at the San Ysidro Port of Entry.

    Also recently, a number of defendants with criminal records were convicted by a jury or sentenced for border-related crimes such as illegally re-entering the U.S. after previous deportation. Here are a few of those cases:

    • On July 11, 2025, Ricardo Velez-Torres, a Mexican National who was previously convicted of Burglary in the First Degree in 2006 and Illegal Reentry in 2002, was sentenced in federal court to 21 months in custody for again entering the U.S. illegally.
    • On July 18, Julio Leyva-Solis, a Mexican national who was previously convicted of the felony facilitation of human smuggling, felony theft of property on three occasions, and felony possession of methamphetamine, was sentenced in federal court to 12 months plus one day in custody for again entering the U.S illegally.

    Pursuant to the Department’s Operation Take Back America priorities, federal law enforcement has focused immigration prosecutions on undocumented aliens who are engaged in criminal activity in the U.S., including those who commit drug and firearms crimes, who have serious criminal records, or who have active warrants for their arrest. Federal authorities have also been prioritizing investigations and prosecutions against drug, firearm, and human smugglers and those who endanger and threaten the safety of our communities and the law enforcement officers who protect the community.

    The immigration cases were referred or supported by federal law enforcement partners, including Homeland Security Investigations (HSI), Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s Enforcement and Removal Operations (ICE ERO), Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Border Patrol, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the U.S. Marshals Service (USMS), and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), with the support and assistance of state and local law enforcement partners.

    Indictments and criminal complaints are merely allegations and all defendants are presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt in a court of law.

    MIL Security OSI

  • MIL-OSI Security: Pierre Man Sentenced to More Than 12 Years in Federal Prison for Distributing Methamphetamine in Central South Dakota

    Source: United States Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco Firearms and Explosives (ATF)

    PIERRE – United States Attorney Alison J. Ramsdell announced today that U.S. District Judge Eric C. Schulte has sentenced a Pierre, South Dakota, man convicted of Conspiracy to Distribute a Controlled Substance and Possession of a Firearm by a Prohibited Person. The sentencing took place on July 14, 2025.

    Scott Reiners, age 37, was sentenced to 12 years and four months in federal prison, followed by five years of supervised release, and ordered to pay a $200 special assessment to the Federal Crime Victims Fund. Reiners was further ordered to pay a $1,000 fine.

    Reiners was indicted by a federal grand jury in July 2024 . He pleaded guilty on April 3, 2025.

    The conviction stemmed from a drug conspiracy between September 2022 and April 2023 in which Reiners and several other individuals conspired to distribute methamphetamine in and around the central South Dakota area, including within the Crow Creek and Lower Brule Sioux Indian Reservations. As part of the conspiracy, Reiners was involved in distributing between 5 kilograms and 15 kilograms of methamphetamine. Reiners was also involved in a traffic stop where law enforcement seized 254 grams of 97% pure methamphetamine and a handgun. Reiners is prohibited from possessing firearms due to three prior felony convictions.

    This case is part of Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN), a program bringing together all levels of law enforcement and the communities they serve to reduce violent crime and gun violence, and to make our neighborhoods safer for everyone. On May 26, 2021, the Department launched a violent crime reduction strategy strengthening PSN based on these core principles: fostering trust and legitimacy in our communities, supporting community-based organizations that help prevent violence from occurring in the first place, setting focused and strategic enforcement priorities, and measuring the results.

    This case was investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives. Assistant U.S. Attorney Meghan Dilges prosecuted the case.

    Reiners was immediately remanded to the custody of the U.S. Marshals Service. 

    MIL Security OSI

  • MIL-OSI: TLGY Acquisition Corp. Announces Business Combination and Approximately $360 Million PIPE Financing to Form StablecoinX, an Ethena Stablecoin-Focused Treasury Company

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    Combined Business Expected to be the First Pure-Play Treasury Company in the Ethena Stablecoin Vertical and Will Seek to have its Shares Listed on Nasdaq under Ticker “USDE” at Closing

    Ethena Foundation to Immediately Initiate $260M Token Buyback Program  

    New York , July 21, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — TLGY Acquisition Corp. (OTC: TLGYF) (“TLGY”), a special purpose acquisition company, today announced that it has entered into a definitive agreement for a business combination with StablecoinX Assets Inc. (“SC Assets”), a newly-formed validator and infrastructure business supporting the Ethena ecosystem (the definitive agreement, the “Business Combination Agreement” and the transactions contemplated thereby, the “Transaction”). The combined company will be named StablecoinX Inc. (“StablecoinX” or the “Company”) and the parties will seek to have StablecoinX’s Class A common shares listed on Nasdaq under the ticker symbol “USDE.”

    Approximately $360 Million in New Capital Anchors ENA Treasury Strategy

    To support the Transaction, TLGY and SC Assets have also entered into binding agreements for approximately $360 million private investment in public equity (“PIPE”), including a $60 million contribution from the Ethena Foundation and additional capital commitments from leading investors Dragonfly, Ribbit Capital, Blockchain.com, Pantera Capital, ParaFi Capital, Haun Ventures, Polychain Capital, Galaxy Digital, Wintermute, and others.

    The proceeds from the PIPE are expected to anchor a multi-year treasury strategy to build a reserve of ENA, the Ethena protocol’s native token. Ethena is the third-largest issuer of digital dollars on-chain, after Tether and Circle. This treasury initiative supports StablecoinX’s objective of generating shareholder value by securing a strategic stake in a protocol at the forefront of the accelerating global demand for digital dollars. StablecoinX believes large-scale ENA accumulation will enable the Company’s shareholders to secure early exposure to the secular stablecoin supercycle. 

    “As a top issuer of digital dollars alongside Tether and Circle, Ethena is a direct beneficiary of the growth in stablecoin adoption,” said Young Cho, CEO of TLGY and CEO of SC Assets. “But, it is currently difficult for investors to capitalize on its strong position since the native token ENA is difficult to access in traditional capital markets. This transaction gives public market investors transparent, well‑governed access to the Ethena ecosystem. Deploying capital to accumulate ENA at scale is a deliberate, multi‑year capital allocation strategy that will enable StablecoinX to capture the value driven by the secular surge in demand for digital dollars while compounding intrinsic value per share.”

    To support StablecoinX’s operations and facilitate its accumulation of ENA after the closing of the Transactions, StablecoinX and the Ethena Foundation have entered into a multi-year collaboration agreement (the “Collaboration Agreement”) governing the continued partnership between the two parties. In addition, to help support the PIPE, a subsidiary of the Ethena Foundation and  SC Assets, solely in its capacity as agent for certain of the PIPE investors, have entered into a token purchase agreement (the “Token Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which SC Assets will use the cash proceeds from the PIPE to make an initial purchase of discounted locked ENA from the Ethena Foundation subsidiary.

    “The Ethena Foundation’s mandate is to safeguard Ethena’s longevity and decentralisation,” said Marc Piano, Director at the Ethena Foundation. “Partnering with StablecoinX under a disciplined, locked‑token framework ensures that capital entering the ecosystem is long-term and value‑accretive while enhancing ecosystem capital efficiency. The built‑in lockups, investment‑committee oversight and permanent‑capital mandate create strong incentives for sustained contribution to the protocol.”

    The Ethena Foundation subsidiary, via intermediary market makers, plans to use the proceeds from the token sale under the Token Purchase Agreement to strategically purchase ENA across publicly traded venues starting today, further aligning the Foundation’s incentives with those of StablecoinX shareholders.

    “StablecoinX’s treasury program is a milestone for broadening institutional access to the Ethena ecosystem,” said Guy Young, founder of Ethena Labs and advisor to StablecoinX. “By systematically accumulating ENA through a transparent, permanent‑capital vehicle, StablecoinX will give public market investors a clear, accessible way to gain exposure to one of the most compelling growth stories in all of finance – digital dollars upgrading money to the internet era. We’re excited to support a strategy that deepens ENA liquidity, bolsters Ethena’s ecosystem, and aligns shareholder value with the long‑term success of USDe, USDtb, and other upcoming Ethena products.”

    Following the business combination, StablecoinX will operate infrastructure and staking services, running validators and related technical services for the Ethena protocol. StablecoinX’s management is committed to maximizing ENA per share, directing excess capital and ecosystem earnings into strategic ENA accumulation so that each outstanding share steadily increases its backing over time.

    Key Terms of the Token Purchase Agreement and the Collaboration Agreement between StableXoinX and Ethena Foundation

    • SC Assets will direct the purchase of locked ENA tokens equal in value to its cash PIPE proceeds (less certain fees and expenses).
    • StablecoinX will retain the right to join future ENA token offerings by the Ethena Foundation (directly or via subsidiaries) after the closing of the Transactions on mutually agreed terms.
    • The Collaboration Agreement has a five‑year initial term with automatic one‑year renewals, aligning both parties on long‑term network development and advocacy.
    • Capital allocation decisions, including ENA purchases, treasury operations and equity issuances of StablecoinX, to require majority approval of a three‑member Investment Committee to be comprised of representatives of StablecoinX, the Ethena Foundation and an independent member.

    As part of the Collaboration Agreement, StablecoinX will adopt a long-term permanent capital treasury mandate dictating that every ENA token the Company acquires will be held permanently and unencumbered on its balance sheet, with no sale, lending, pledging or other disposition permitted without the Ethena Foundation’s approval.

    Transaction Overview

    • Shares, warrants and units of TLGY will continue to trade under the symbol “TLGYF”, “TLGWF” and “TLGUF”, respectively, until the closing of the proposed Transaction. Following the closing of the proposed Transaction, StablecoinX’s Class A shares and warrants are expected to trade on Nasdaq under the ticker symbol “USDE” and “USDEW”, respectively.
    • TLGY and SC Assets have entered into binding agreements for approximately $360 million in PIPE financing, of which approximately $260 million is being funded in cash and $100 million is being funded in discounted ENA. The cash proceeds from the PIPE will be used to purchase discounted locked ENA from the Ethena Foundation subsidiary in conjunction with the transaction announcement, which will be held in a custody account for the benefit of such investors through the closing of the Transaction. At the closing of the PIPE, investors will receive shares of StablecoinX Class A stock, which will be non-voting. In addition to the StablecoinX Class A shares, the Ethena Foundation will also receive shares of StablecoinX Class B stock, which will have 1 vote per share, resulting in the Ethena Foundation holding a majority of the voting power of StablecoinX after the closing. The shares to be issued to the PIPE investors will be valued at $10.00 per share and the number of which will fluctuate based on the price performance of ENA from announcement to closing.
    • The board of directors of SC Assets, the board of directors of TLGY, and a special committee of disinterested and independent directors of TLGY, have unanimously approved the proposed business combination.
    • The transactions are expected to close in Q4 2025, subject to shareholder approval, StablecoinX’s successful listing on the Nasdaq, and other customary closing conditions.

    For additional information regarding the transaction, see TLGY’s related Form 8-K, which will be filed promptly, and which can be obtained, without charge, at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s internet site (http://www.sec.gov).

    Conference Call

    TLGY will discuss its proposed business combination with StablecoinX with securities analysts in a call today, Monday, July 21, 2025, at 4:30 p.m. ET. A webcast of the meeting will be available in a listen-only mode to individual investors, media, and other interested parties on TLGY’s website at www.tlgyacquisition.com under the “Events” section.

    Advisors

    Perkins Coie LLP is acting as legal advisor to TLGY. Ropes & Gray LLP is acting as legal advisor to the Ethena Foundation. Edelman Legal Advisory PLLC is acting as legal advisor to SC Assets.

    About TLGY Acquisition Corporation

    TLGY Acquisition Corporation is a blank-check company sponsored by Carnegie Park Capital LLC, whose business purpose is to effect a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization, or similar business combination with one or more businesses. TLGY was formed to focus on growth companies through long-term, private equity-style value creation.
     
    About StablecoinX Assets Inc.

    StablecoinX is a newly-formed validator and infrastructure business expected to operate infrastructure and staking services, running validators and related technical services for the Ethena protocol. StablecoinX is expected to adopt a multi-year treasury strategy to build a reserve of ENA, the Ethena protocol’s native token.

    About the Ethena Foundation

    The Ethena Foundation serves as an independent steward of the Ethena protocol – the network behind the USDe and USDtb digital dollars – with a focus on the protocol’s long-term success and integrity. The Ethena Foundation is responsible for the protocol’s governance framework, oversight of key protocol assets, and facilitating essential operations. The foundation’s commitment is to ensure the sustainable development and stability of the Ethena ecosystem for all its participants.

    Important Information and Where to Find It

    In connection with the Transaction, StablecoinX intends to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) a registration statement on Form S-4 (the “Registration Statement”), which will include a preliminary proxy statement of TLGY and a preliminary prospectus of StablecoinX, and after the Registration Statement is declared effective, TLGY will mail the definitive proxy statement/prospectus relating to the Transaction to its shareholders as of the record date to be established for voting at the Extraordinary General Meeting. The Registration Statement, including the proxy statement/prospectus contained therein, will contain important information about the Transaction and the other matters to be voted upon at the Extraordinary General Meeting. This press release does not contain all the information that should be considered concerning the Transaction and other matters and is not intended to provide the basis for any investment decision or any other decision in respect of such matters. TLGY and StablecoinX may also file other documents with the SEC regarding the Transaction. TLGY’s shareholders and other interested persons are advised to read, when available, the Registration Statement, including the preliminary proxy statement/prospectus contained therein, the amendments thereto and the definitive proxy statement/prospectus and other documents filed in connection with the Transaction, as these materials will contain important information about TLGY, SC Assets, StablecoinX and the Transaction.

    TLGY’s shareholders and other interested persons will be able to obtain copies of the Registration Statement, including the preliminary proxy statement/prospectus contained therein, the definitive proxy statement/prospectus and other documents filed or that will be filed by TLGY and StablecoinX with the SEC, free of charge, through the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov.

    Forward-Looking Statements

    This press release includes certain statements that may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Such forward-looking statements with respect to the proposed Transaction include expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions, plans, prospects, financial results or strategies regarding SC Assets, StablecoinX, TLGY and the proposed Transaction, statements regarding the anticipated benefits and timing of the completion of the proposed Transaction, the assets held by SC Assets and StablecoinX, the price and volatility of ENA, ENA’s growing prominence as an issuer of digital dollars on-chain, StablecoinX’s listing on any securities exchange, the macro, political and regulatory conditions surrounding ENA, the planned business strategy including StablecoinX’s ability to develop a corporate architecture capable of supporting its treasury initiatives and strategic stake in the Ethena Protocol, plans and use of proceeds, objectives of management for future operations of StablecoinX, the upside potential and opportunity for investors, StablecoinX’s plan for value creation and strategic advantages, market size and growth opportunities, regulatory conditions, technological and market trends, future financial condition and performance and expected financial impacts of the proposed Transaction, the satisfaction of closing conditions to the proposed Transaction and the level of redemptions of TLGY’s public shareholders, and StablecoinX’s expectations, intentions, strategies, assumptions or beliefs about future events, results of operations or performance or that do not solely relate to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions and, as a result, are subject to risks and uncertainties. Many factors could cause actual future events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements in this press release, including, but not limited to: the risk that the proposed Transaction may not be completed in a timely manner or at all, which may adversely affect the price of TLGY’s securities; the risk that the proposed Transaction may not be completed by TLGY’s business combination deadline; the failure by the parties to satisfy the conditions to the consummation of the proposed Transaction, including the approval of TLGY’s shareholders and the listing of StablecoinX’s securities on a national securities exchange at closing; failure to realize the anticipated benefits of the proposed Transaction; the level of redemptions by TLGY’s public shareholders, which may reduce the public float of, reduce the liquidity of the trading market of, and/or impact the ability of, the shares of Class A common stock of StablecoinX to be listed in connection with the proposed Transaction; the insufficiency of the third-party fairness opinion for the board of directors of TLGY in determining whether or not to pursue the proposed Transaction; the failure of StablecoinX to obtain or maintain the listing of its securities on any securities exchange after closing of the proposed Transaction; risks associated with TLGY, SC Assets and StablecoinX’s ability to consummate the proposed Transaction timely or at all, including in connection with potential regulatory delays or impediments, changes in ENA prices or for other reasons; costs related to the proposed Transaction and as a result of becoming a public company; changes in business, market, financial, political and regulatory conditions; risks relating to StablecoinX’s anticipated operations and business, including the volatile nature of the price of ENA; the risk that StablecoinX’s stock price will be highly correlated to the price of ENA and the price of ENA may decrease between the signing of the definitive documents for the proposed Transaction and the closing of the proposed Transaction or at any time after the closing of the proposed Transaction; risks associated with TLGY, SC Assets and StablecoinX’s ability to consummate the proposed Transaction timely or at all, including in connection with potential regulatory delays or impediments, changes in ENA prices or for other reasons; risks related to increased competition in the industries in which StablecoinX will operate; risks relating to significant legal, commercial, regulatory and technical uncertainty regarding ENA; risks relating to the treatment of crypto assets for U.S. and foreign tax purposes; risks that after consummation of the proposed Transaction, StablecoinX experiences difficulties managing its growth and expanding operations; the risks that launching and growing StablecoinX’s ENA treasury advisory and services in digital marketing and strategy could be difficult; challenges in implementing StablecoinX’s business plan, due to operational challenges, significant competition and regulation; being considered to be a “shell company” by any stock exchange on which StablecoinX’s Class A Common Stock will be listed or by the SEC, which may impact StablecoinX’s ability to list its securities and restrict reliance on certain rules or forms in connection with the offering, sale or resale of securities; the outcome of any potential legal proceedings that may be instituted against StablecoinX, SC Assets, TLGY or others following announcement of the proposed Transaction, and those risk factors discussed in documents that StablecoinX and/or TLGY has filed, or will file, with the SEC. The foregoing list of risk factors is not exhaustive. You should carefully consider the foregoing factors and the other risks and uncertainties described in the “Risk Factors” section of The Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q that have been and/or will be filed by TLGY with the SEC from time to time, the Registration Statement that will be filed by StablecoinX and TLGY and the proxy statement/prospectus contained therein, and other documents that have been or will be filed by TLGY and StablecoinX from time to time with the SEC. These filings do or will identify and address other important risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events and results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. There may be additional risks that neither TLGY, SC Assets nor StablecoinX presently know or that TLGY, SC Assets and StablecoinX currently believe are immaterial that could also cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements.

    Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements, and each of TLGY, SC Assets, and StablecoinX assume no obligation and do not intend to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Neither TLGY, SC Assets, nor StablecoinX gives any assurance that any of TLGY, SC Assets, or StablecoinX will achieve their respective expectations. The inclusion of any statement in this press release does not constitute an admission by TLGY, SC Assets or StablecoinX or any other person that the events or circumstances described in such statement are material.

    The terms of the proposed Transaction described in this press release, including any dollar-denominated figures or implied valuations, are based on information as of the date of the signing of the definitive Business Combination Agreement and assume no redemptions from the TLGY trust account. These terms are subject to change, including as a result of fluctuations in the price of ENA prior to closing of the proposed Transaction. There can be no assurance that the final terms at the closing of the Transaction will reflect the figures referenced herein.

    No Offer or Solicitation

    This press release does not constitute (i) a solicitation of a proxy, consent or authorization with respect to any securities or in respect of the Transaction or (ii) an offer to sell, a solicitation of an offer to buy, or a recommendation to purchase, any securities of TLGY, SC Assets, the combined company or any of their respective affiliates. No offering of securities shall be made except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10 of the Securities Act, or an exemption therefrom, nor shall any sale of securities in any states or jurisdictions in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction be affected. No securities commission or securities regulatory authority in the United States or any other jurisdiction has in any way passed upon the merits of the Transaction or the accuracy or adequacy of this communication.

    Participants in the Solicitation

    TLGY, SC Assets, StablecoinX and their respective directors and officers may be deemed participants in the solicitation of proxies of TLGY’s shareholders in connection with the Transaction. More detailed information regarding the directors and officers of TLGY, and a description of their interests in TLGY, is contained in TLGY’s filings with the SEC, including its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on March 5, 2025, and is available free of charge at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Information regarding the persons who may, under SEC rules, be deemed participants in the solicitation of proxies of TLGY’s shareholders in connection with the Transaction and other matters to be voted upon at the Extraordinary General Meeting will be set forth in the Registration Statement for the Transaction when available.

    Media Contacts

    StablecoinX
    press@stablecoinx.com

    TLGY Acquisition Corp.
    media@tlgycpc.com

    Ethena Foundation
    nate.johnson@augustco.com

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI: Foresight Reports Second Quarter 2025 Results

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    WINNEBAGO, Ill., July 21, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Foresight Financial Group, Inc. (OTCQX: FGFH) reported net income of $2.99 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, an 8% decrease compared to the $3.27 million reported for the second quarter of 2024, and a 307% increase compared to the $734 thousand reported for the first quarter of 2025. Diluted Earnings per Share for the second quarter was $0.82 compared to $0.94 for the second quarter of 2024 and $0.20 for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The second quarter of 2025 results include $1.56 million of charter consolidation expenses, which were partially offset by nonrecurring revenue of $1.20 million related to a debit card branding agreement. The second quarter results produced a Return on Average Equity of 7.60% and Return on Average Assets of 0.75%.

    Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased 45% to $3.72 million compared to $6.77 million for the first half of 2024. The decrease in net income reflects a $1.33 million increase in provision for loan losses, a $1.96 million impairment charge related to other investments and $1.88 million of charter consolidation expenses. Diluted Earnings per share for the first six months of 2025 was $1.03 compared to $1.94 for the half of 2024.

    Foresight CEO Peter Q. Morrison stated, “The legal consolidation of our Company’s six banking charters occurred on May 1, 2025, and the conversions of operating systems to a single platform is on track to be completed in the third and fourth quarters of this year. The charter consolidation is expected to provide significant savings via the elimination of duplicative expenses and efficiencies gained by operating under one banking platform. These efficiencies combined with more consistent credit administration practices gained through the charter consolidation will improve credit quality, earnings, and shareholder value.”  

    Net interest income for the second quarter of 2025 increased by $588 thousand, or 5%, to $12.95 million as compared to $12.36 million for the second quarter of 2024; and increased by $685 thousand, or 6%, compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent basis increased to 3.40% compared to 3.24% in the second quarter of 2024; and 3.25% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

    Net interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2025, increased $740 thousand, or 3%, to $25.21 million compared to $24.47 million in the first six months of 2024. The net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent basis was 3.29% for the first six months of 2025.

    Total loans increased by $29.27 million during the quarter to $1.13 billion as of June 30, 2025 compared to $1.10 billion as of March 31, 2025; and increased $8.3 million as compared to total loans as of June 30, 2024. Total deposits decreased by $8.8 million during the second quarter to $1.38 billion as of June 30, 2025; and increased by $11.5 million as compared to total deposits as of June 30, 2024.

    The provision for loan losses for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 increased by $100 thousand to $238 thousand as compared to $138 thousand in the second quarter of the prior year; and decreased by $1.06 million compared to the first quarter of 2025. During the second quarter of 2025 loan net charge-offs totaled $2.93 million. The provision for loan losses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $1.54 million, a $1.33 million increase over the provision expense for the first half of 2024.

    Total non-performing assets of the Company as of June 30, 2025 were $28.29 million compared to $29.71 million the previous quarter, and $21.40 million as of June 30, 2024. The ratio of non-performing assets to total assets equaled 1.76% as of June 30, 2025 compared to 1.83% as of March 31, 2025 and 1.34% as of June 30, 2024.

    Noninterest income for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 increased $1.35 million to $3.0 million compared to $1.66 million in the second quarter of the prior year. The increase is primarily attributable to $1.2 million of non-recurring revenue received under a debit card branding agreement.

    Noninterest income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $1.61 million to $4.95 million compared to $3.33 million the first half of 2024. This increase includes the $1.2 million non-recurring revenue received under the debit card branding agreement.

    Noninterest expenses for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 totaled $11.95 million, a $2.31 million increase over $9.64 million in the second quarter of 2024; and a $234 thousand decrease from the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The increase in operating expenses over the second quarter of 2024 includes $1.56 million in charter consolidation expenses, including $57 thousand in salary and benefits, $143 thousand in outside services and $1.36 million in other expenses, which is primarily related to data system conversions.

    Noninterest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $5.34 million to $24.13 million compared to $18.79 million the first half of 2024. This increase in noninterest expense includes $1.88 million in charter consolidation expenses and a $1.96 million impairment charge related to a nonmarketable equity investment.

    The closing price for the Company’s stock was $31.50, as of the close of business April 16, 2025. Tangible book value per share of the Company’s common stock increased by $1.78 and $2.82 to $44.37 as of June 30, 2025, compared to $42.59 and $41.55 as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively. The tangible book value per share of the Company’s common stock, excluding Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income was $52.43 as of June 30, 2025, compared to $51.79 at the end of 2024 and $51.36 as of June 30, 2024.

    About Foresight Financial Group, Inc.

    Foresight Financial Group, Inc. is a bank holding company headquartered in Winnebago County, Illinois and is the parent company of Foresight Bank, which operates in Northern Illinois under its divisional names Northwest Bank of Rockford, State Bank in Freeport, State Bank of Davis, German American State Bank in German Valley, Winnebago and Pecatonica, Lena State Bank, and the State Bank of Herscher. Foresight’s common stock is listed on the “OTCQX” market under the trading symbol FGFH.

    Forward-Looking Statements

    When used in this communication, the words “believes,” “expects,” “likely”, “would”, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The Company’s actual results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Factors which could cause such a variance to occur include, but are not limited to: heightened competition; adverse state and federal regulation; failure to obtain new or retain existing customers; ability to attract and retain key executives and personnel; changes in interest rates; unanticipated changes in industry trends; unanticipated changes in credit quality and risk factors, including general economic conditions particularly in the Company’s markets; potential deterioration in real estate values, success in gaining regulatory approvals when required; changes in the Federal Reserve Board monetary policies; unexpected outcomes of new and existing litigation in which the Company, or its subsidiaries, officers, directors or employees is named defendants; technological changes; changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States; changes in assumptions or conditions affecting the application of “critical accounting policies”; inability to recover previously recorded losses as anticipated, and the inability of third party vendors to perform critical services for the Company or its customers. The inclusion of forward-looking information should not be construed as a representation by the Company or any person that future events or plans contemplated by the Company will be achieved. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information or otherwise.

    Peter Morrison  Todd James
    Chief Executive Officer Chief Financial Officer
    (815) 847-7500 (815) 847-7500
           
    Foresight Financial Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
    Consolidated Balance Sheets
    June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
    (Unaudited)      
      June 30,   December 31,
    Assets   2025       2024  
      (in thousands, except per share data)
    Cash and due from banks $ 28,002     $ 16,905  
    Interest-bearing deposits in banks   13,025       45,357  
    Federal funds sold   787       1,738  
    Total cash and cash equivalents   41,814       64,000  
           
    Interest-bearing deposits in banks – term deposits   2,259       4,434  
    Debt securities:      
    Debt securities available-for-sale (AFS)   361,146       369,945  
    Debt securities held-to-maturity (HTM)   3,263       3,263  
    Marketable equity securities and other investments   5,446       7,592  
    Loans held for sale   480       852  
    Loans, net of allowance for credit losses   1,116,498       1,100,657  
    Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned, net   703        
    Premises and equipment, net   16,889       17,125  
    Bank owned life insurance   24,646       24,459  
    Other assets   37,870       40,892  
    Total assets $ 1,611,014     $ 1,633,219  
           
    Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity      
           
    Liabilities:      
    Deposits:      
    Noninterest-bearing $ 247,002     $ 249,076  
    Interest-bearing   1,136,961       1,151,627  
    Total deposits   1,383,963       1,400,703  
    Federal funds purchased         5,804  
    Securities sold under agreements to repurchase   12,466       15,017  
    Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) and other borrowings   39,889       40,911  
    Accrued interest payable and other liabilities   14,737       17,386  
    Total liabilities   1,451,055       1,479,821  
           
    Stockholders’ equity:      
    Preferred stock          
    Common stock   1,062       1,060  
    Additional paid-in capital   16,704       16,482  
    Retained earnings   187,237       184,961  
    Treasury stock, at cost   (16,013 )     (16,008 )
    Accumulated other comprehensive loss   (29,031 )     (33,097 )
    Total stockholders’ equity   159,959       153,398  
    Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 1,611,014     $ 1,633,219  
           
    Foresight Financial Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries   
    Consolidated Statements of Income   
    (Unaudited)      
           
      Six Months Ended June 30,
        2025       2024  
      (in thousands, except per share data)
    Interest and dividend income:      
    Loans, including fees $ 34,657     $ 34,092  
    Debt securities:      
    Taxable   4,059       3,578  
    Tax-exempt   802       831  
    Interest-bearing deposits in banks and other   933       1,099  
    Federal funds sold   8       69  
    Total interest income   40,459       39,669  
    Interest expense:      
    Deposits   14,464       14,329  
    Federal funds purchased   2       28  
    Securities sold under agreements to repurchase   111       218  
    FHLB and other borrowings   669       621  
    Total interest expense   15,246       15,196  
    Net interest income   25,213       24,473  
    Provision for credit losses   1,536       202  
    Net interest and dividend income,      
    after provision for credit losses   23,677       24,271  
           
    Noninterest income:      
    Customer service fees   893       684  
    Loss on sales and calls of AFS securities, net   0       -111  
    Gain on sale of loans, net   163       287  
    Loan servicing fees, net   535       155  
    Bank owned life insurance   334       379  
    ATM / interchange fees   1,049       1,057  
    Other   1,971       882  
    Total noninterest income   4,945       3,333  
           
    Noninterest expenses:      
    Salaries and employee benefits   12,610       11,985  
    Occupancy expense of premises, net   1,398       1,225  
    Outside services   1,088       765  
    Data processing   1,936       1,432  
    Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned, net   0       6  
    Other   7,096       3,372  
    Total noninterest expenses   24,128       18,785  
           
    Income before income taxes   4,494       8,819  
    Income tax expense   772       2,045  
           
    Net income $ 3,722     $ 6,774  
           
    Earnings per common share:      
    Basic $ 1.03     $ 1.95  
    Diluted $ 1.03     $ 1.94  
    Foresight Financial Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
    Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income
    (Unaudited)                  
                       
      For the Quarter Ended
      June 30,   March 31,   December 31,   September 30,   June 30,
        2025       2025       2024       2024       2024  
    Interest and dividend income:                  
    Loans, including fees $ 17,739     $ 16,918     $ 17,249     $ 17,943     $ 17,394  
    Interest on investment securities   2,394       2,467       2,269       2,183       2,236  
    Interest on fed funds sold and other deposits   285       656       818       573       625  
    Total interest income   20,418       20,041       20,336       20,699       20,255  
    Interest expense:                  
    Deposits   7,099       7,365       7,641       7,885       7,448  
    Federal funds purchased         5       7       29       8  
    Securities sold under agreements to repurchase   39       72       132       134       103  
    FHLB and other borrowings   331       335       328       365       335  
    Total interest expense   7,469       7,777       8,108       8,413       7,894  
    Net interest income   12,949       12,264       12,228       12,286       12,361  
    Provision for credit losses   238       1,298       665       185       138  
    Net interest income after provision for loan losses   12,711       10,966       11,563       12,101       12,223  
                       
    Noninterest income:                  
    Customer service fees   551       342       371       366       342  
    Net securities gains (losses)                            
    Gain on sale of loans, net   26       137       182       303       183  
    Loan servicing fees, net   226       309       192       (98 )     86  
    Bank owned life insurance   177       157       160       571       163  
    ATM / debit card revenue   555       494       539       547       550  
    Other   1,468       503       429       298       334  
    Total noninterest income   3,003       1,942       1,873       1,987       1,658  
                       
    Noninterest expenses:                  
    Salaries and employee benefits   6,408       6,202       6,383       6,302       6,230  
    Occupancy expense of premises, net   796       602       587       592       587  
    Outside services   422       666       435       411       391  
    Data processing   1,205       731       968       788       716  
    Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned, net                     6       6  
    Other   3,116       3,980       1,878       1,759       1,709  
    Total noninterest expenses   11,947       12,181       10,251       9,858       9,639  
    Income before income taxes   3,767       727       3,185       4,230       4,240  
    Income tax expense   779       (7 )     692       833       975  
    Net income $ 2,988     $ 734     $ 2,493     $ 3,397     $ 3,265  
                       
    Foresight Financial Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries         
    Consolidated Balance Sheets         
    (Unaudited)                  
      As of
      June 30,   March 31,   December 31,   September 30,   June 30,
        2025       2025       2024       2024       2024  
    Assets                  
    Cash and due from banks $ 28,002     $ 19,996     $ 16,905     $ 30,162     $ 21,290  
    Interest-bearing deposits in banks   13,025       46,118       45,357       20,040       11,196  
    Federal funds sold   787       452       1,738       2,183       3,433  
    Total cash and cash equivalents   41,814       66,566       64,000       52,385       35,919  
                       
    Interest-bearing deposits in banks – term deposits   2,259       2,466       4,434       5,169       4,983  
    Debt securities:                  
    Debt securities available-for-sale (AFS)   361,146       380,667       369,945       368,386       359,762  
    Debt securities held-to-maturity (HTM)   3,263       3,263       3,263       3,616       3,609  
    Marketable equity securities and other investments   5,446       5,671       7,592       6,738       6,215  
    Loans held for sale   480       573       852       794       480  
    Loans, net of allowance for credit losses   1,116,498       1,084,761       1,100,657       1,102,342       1,107,199  
    Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned, net   703                         68  
    Premises and equipment, net   16,889       16,978       17,125       17,125       17,234  
    Bank owned life insurance   24,646       24,615       24,459       24,300       24,653  
    Other assets   37,870       40,519       40,892       39,350       39,550  
    Total assets $ 1,611,014     $ 1,626,079     $ 1,633,219     $ 1,620,205     $ 1,599,672  
                       
    Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity                  
    Liabilities:                  
    Deposits:                  
    Noninterest-bearing $ 247,002     $ 250,709     $ 249,076     $ 237,685     $ 244,414  
    Interest-bearing   1,136,961       1,142,009       1,151,627       1,138,578       1,128,081  
    Total deposits   1,383,963       1,392,718       1,400,703       1,376,263       1,372,495  
    Federal funds purchased         55       5,804       4,764       6,053  
    Securities sold under agreements to repurchase   12,466       21,095       15,017       23,381       21,930  
    Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) and other borrowings   39,889       37,810       40,911       39,174       39,293  
    Accrued interest payable and other liabilities   14,737       16,670       17,386       16,970       16,674  
    Total liabilities   1,451,055       1,468,348       1,479,821       1,460,552       1,456,445  
    Stockholders’ equity:                  
    Preferred stock                            
    Common stock   1,062       1,060       1,060       1,060       1,022  
    Additional paid-in capital   16,704       16,482       16,482       16,445       11,660  
    Retained earnings   187,237       184,972       184,961       183,118       180,346  
    Treasury stock, at cost   (16,013 )     (16,008 )     (16,008 )     (16,008 )     (16,008 )
    Accumulated other comprehensive loss   (29,031 )     (28,775 )     (33,097 )     (24,963 )     (33,793 )
    Total stockholders’ equity   159,959       157,731       153,398       159,653       143,227  
    Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 1,611,014     $ 1,626,079     $ 1,633,219     $ 1,620,205     $ 1,599,672  
                       
    KEY FINANCIAL RATIOS         
    (Unaudited)                  
      As of and for the Quarter Ended
      June 30,   March 31,   December 31,   September 30,   June 30,
        2025       2025       2024       2024       2024  
                       
    Basic earnings per common share $ 0.83     $ 0.20     $ 0.69     $ 0.97     $ 0.95  
    Diluted earnings per common share   0.82       0.20       0.69       0.97       0.94  
    Dividends per common share       0.20       0.18       0.18       0.18  
                       
    Book value per common share   44.41       43.84       42.63       44.38       41.59  
    Tangible book value per common share   44.37       43.80       42.59       44.34       41.55  
    Tangible book value, excluding AOCI, per share   52.43       51.80       51.79       51.28       51.36  
    End of period shares outstanding   3,606,087       3,598,042       3,598,042       3,597,418       3,443,937  
    Average number of shares outstanding   3,606,137       3,598,042       3,597,478       3,494,270       3,450,527  
                       
    Return on average assets   0.75%       0.21%       0.58%       0.82%       0.82%  
    Return on average equity   7.60%       2.18%       6.08%       8.83%       9.40%  
    Net interest margin, tax equivalent   3.40%       3.25%       3.14%       3.21%       3.24%  
    Efficiency ratio, tax equivalent   73.61%       83.72%       72.58       68.97       68.13  
    ASSET QUALITY DATA         
    (Unaudited) As of
    (Amounts in thousands) June 30,   March 31,   December 31,   September 30,   June 30,
        2025       2025       2024       2024       2024  
                       
    Nonaccrual Loans   25,939       28,564       28,175       23,653       21,366  
    Accruing loans past due 90 days or more   688       185       230       680       32  
    Total non-performing loans   26,627       28,749       28,405       24,333       21,398  
    Other real estate owned and other assets   703       6       13       7        
    Impaired other investments   961       961                    
    Total non-performing Assets   28,291       29,716       28,418       24,340       21,398  
                       
    Total Loans   1,130,124       1,100,853       1,115,351       1,117,022       1,121,742  
    Allowance for credit losses   13,626       16,092       14,694       14,678       14,543  
    Loans, net of allowance for credit losses   1,116,498       1,084,761       1,100,657       1,102,344       1,107,199  
                       
    Nonperforming assets tototal assets   1.76%       1.83%       1.74%       1.50%       1.34%  
    Nonperforming loans to total loans   2.36%       2.61%       2.55%       2.18%       1.91%  
    Allowance for credit losses to total loans   1.21%       1.46%       1.32%       1.31%       1.30%  
    Allowance for credit losses to noperforming loans   51.17%       55.97%       51.73%       60.32%       67.96%  
                       

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI: Foresight Reports Second Quarter 2025 Results

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    WINNEBAGO, Ill., July 21, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Foresight Financial Group, Inc. (OTCQX: FGFH) reported net income of $2.99 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, an 8% decrease compared to the $3.27 million reported for the second quarter of 2024, and a 307% increase compared to the $734 thousand reported for the first quarter of 2025. Diluted Earnings per Share for the second quarter was $0.82 compared to $0.94 for the second quarter of 2024 and $0.20 for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The second quarter of 2025 results include $1.56 million of charter consolidation expenses, which were partially offset by nonrecurring revenue of $1.20 million related to a debit card branding agreement. The second quarter results produced a Return on Average Equity of 7.60% and Return on Average Assets of 0.75%.

    Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased 45% to $3.72 million compared to $6.77 million for the first half of 2024. The decrease in net income reflects a $1.33 million increase in provision for loan losses, a $1.96 million impairment charge related to other investments and $1.88 million of charter consolidation expenses. Diluted Earnings per share for the first six months of 2025 was $1.03 compared to $1.94 for the half of 2024.

    Foresight CEO Peter Q. Morrison stated, “The legal consolidation of our Company’s six banking charters occurred on May 1, 2025, and the conversions of operating systems to a single platform is on track to be completed in the third and fourth quarters of this year. The charter consolidation is expected to provide significant savings via the elimination of duplicative expenses and efficiencies gained by operating under one banking platform. These efficiencies combined with more consistent credit administration practices gained through the charter consolidation will improve credit quality, earnings, and shareholder value.”  

    Net interest income for the second quarter of 2025 increased by $588 thousand, or 5%, to $12.95 million as compared to $12.36 million for the second quarter of 2024; and increased by $685 thousand, or 6%, compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent basis increased to 3.40% compared to 3.24% in the second quarter of 2024; and 3.25% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

    Net interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2025, increased $740 thousand, or 3%, to $25.21 million compared to $24.47 million in the first six months of 2024. The net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent basis was 3.29% for the first six months of 2025.

    Total loans increased by $29.27 million during the quarter to $1.13 billion as of June 30, 2025 compared to $1.10 billion as of March 31, 2025; and increased $8.3 million as compared to total loans as of June 30, 2024. Total deposits decreased by $8.8 million during the second quarter to $1.38 billion as of June 30, 2025; and increased by $11.5 million as compared to total deposits as of June 30, 2024.

    The provision for loan losses for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 increased by $100 thousand to $238 thousand as compared to $138 thousand in the second quarter of the prior year; and decreased by $1.06 million compared to the first quarter of 2025. During the second quarter of 2025 loan net charge-offs totaled $2.93 million. The provision for loan losses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $1.54 million, a $1.33 million increase over the provision expense for the first half of 2024.

    Total non-performing assets of the Company as of June 30, 2025 were $28.29 million compared to $29.71 million the previous quarter, and $21.40 million as of June 30, 2024. The ratio of non-performing assets to total assets equaled 1.76% as of June 30, 2025 compared to 1.83% as of March 31, 2025 and 1.34% as of June 30, 2024.

    Noninterest income for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 increased $1.35 million to $3.0 million compared to $1.66 million in the second quarter of the prior year. The increase is primarily attributable to $1.2 million of non-recurring revenue received under a debit card branding agreement.

    Noninterest income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $1.61 million to $4.95 million compared to $3.33 million the first half of 2024. This increase includes the $1.2 million non-recurring revenue received under the debit card branding agreement.

    Noninterest expenses for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 totaled $11.95 million, a $2.31 million increase over $9.64 million in the second quarter of 2024; and a $234 thousand decrease from the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The increase in operating expenses over the second quarter of 2024 includes $1.56 million in charter consolidation expenses, including $57 thousand in salary and benefits, $143 thousand in outside services and $1.36 million in other expenses, which is primarily related to data system conversions.

    Noninterest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $5.34 million to $24.13 million compared to $18.79 million the first half of 2024. This increase in noninterest expense includes $1.88 million in charter consolidation expenses and a $1.96 million impairment charge related to a nonmarketable equity investment.

    The closing price for the Company’s stock was $31.50, as of the close of business April 16, 2025. Tangible book value per share of the Company’s common stock increased by $1.78 and $2.82 to $44.37 as of June 30, 2025, compared to $42.59 and $41.55 as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively. The tangible book value per share of the Company’s common stock, excluding Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income was $52.43 as of June 30, 2025, compared to $51.79 at the end of 2024 and $51.36 as of June 30, 2024.

    About Foresight Financial Group, Inc.

    Foresight Financial Group, Inc. is a bank holding company headquartered in Winnebago County, Illinois and is the parent company of Foresight Bank, which operates in Northern Illinois under its divisional names Northwest Bank of Rockford, State Bank in Freeport, State Bank of Davis, German American State Bank in German Valley, Winnebago and Pecatonica, Lena State Bank, and the State Bank of Herscher. Foresight’s common stock is listed on the “OTCQX” market under the trading symbol FGFH.

    Forward-Looking Statements

    When used in this communication, the words “believes,” “expects,” “likely”, “would”, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The Company’s actual results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Factors which could cause such a variance to occur include, but are not limited to: heightened competition; adverse state and federal regulation; failure to obtain new or retain existing customers; ability to attract and retain key executives and personnel; changes in interest rates; unanticipated changes in industry trends; unanticipated changes in credit quality and risk factors, including general economic conditions particularly in the Company’s markets; potential deterioration in real estate values, success in gaining regulatory approvals when required; changes in the Federal Reserve Board monetary policies; unexpected outcomes of new and existing litigation in which the Company, or its subsidiaries, officers, directors or employees is named defendants; technological changes; changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States; changes in assumptions or conditions affecting the application of “critical accounting policies”; inability to recover previously recorded losses as anticipated, and the inability of third party vendors to perform critical services for the Company or its customers. The inclusion of forward-looking information should not be construed as a representation by the Company or any person that future events or plans contemplated by the Company will be achieved. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information or otherwise.

    Peter Morrison  Todd James
    Chief Executive Officer Chief Financial Officer
    (815) 847-7500 (815) 847-7500
           
    Foresight Financial Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
    Consolidated Balance Sheets
    June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
    (Unaudited)      
      June 30,   December 31,
    Assets   2025       2024  
      (in thousands, except per share data)
    Cash and due from banks $ 28,002     $ 16,905  
    Interest-bearing deposits in banks   13,025       45,357  
    Federal funds sold   787       1,738  
    Total cash and cash equivalents   41,814       64,000  
           
    Interest-bearing deposits in banks – term deposits   2,259       4,434  
    Debt securities:      
    Debt securities available-for-sale (AFS)   361,146       369,945  
    Debt securities held-to-maturity (HTM)   3,263       3,263  
    Marketable equity securities and other investments   5,446       7,592  
    Loans held for sale   480       852  
    Loans, net of allowance for credit losses   1,116,498       1,100,657  
    Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned, net   703        
    Premises and equipment, net   16,889       17,125  
    Bank owned life insurance   24,646       24,459  
    Other assets   37,870       40,892  
    Total assets $ 1,611,014     $ 1,633,219  
           
    Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity      
           
    Liabilities:      
    Deposits:      
    Noninterest-bearing $ 247,002     $ 249,076  
    Interest-bearing   1,136,961       1,151,627  
    Total deposits   1,383,963       1,400,703  
    Federal funds purchased         5,804  
    Securities sold under agreements to repurchase   12,466       15,017  
    Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) and other borrowings   39,889       40,911  
    Accrued interest payable and other liabilities   14,737       17,386  
    Total liabilities   1,451,055       1,479,821  
           
    Stockholders’ equity:      
    Preferred stock          
    Common stock   1,062       1,060  
    Additional paid-in capital   16,704       16,482  
    Retained earnings   187,237       184,961  
    Treasury stock, at cost   (16,013 )     (16,008 )
    Accumulated other comprehensive loss   (29,031 )     (33,097 )
    Total stockholders’ equity   159,959       153,398  
    Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 1,611,014     $ 1,633,219  
           
    Foresight Financial Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries   
    Consolidated Statements of Income   
    (Unaudited)      
           
      Six Months Ended June 30,
        2025       2024  
      (in thousands, except per share data)
    Interest and dividend income:      
    Loans, including fees $ 34,657     $ 34,092  
    Debt securities:      
    Taxable   4,059       3,578  
    Tax-exempt   802       831  
    Interest-bearing deposits in banks and other   933       1,099  
    Federal funds sold   8       69  
    Total interest income   40,459       39,669  
    Interest expense:      
    Deposits   14,464       14,329  
    Federal funds purchased   2       28  
    Securities sold under agreements to repurchase   111       218  
    FHLB and other borrowings   669       621  
    Total interest expense   15,246       15,196  
    Net interest income   25,213       24,473  
    Provision for credit losses   1,536       202  
    Net interest and dividend income,      
    after provision for credit losses   23,677       24,271  
           
    Noninterest income:      
    Customer service fees   893       684  
    Loss on sales and calls of AFS securities, net   0       -111  
    Gain on sale of loans, net   163       287  
    Loan servicing fees, net   535       155  
    Bank owned life insurance   334       379  
    ATM / interchange fees   1,049       1,057  
    Other   1,971       882  
    Total noninterest income   4,945       3,333  
           
    Noninterest expenses:      
    Salaries and employee benefits   12,610       11,985  
    Occupancy expense of premises, net   1,398       1,225  
    Outside services   1,088       765  
    Data processing   1,936       1,432  
    Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned, net   0       6  
    Other   7,096       3,372  
    Total noninterest expenses   24,128       18,785  
           
    Income before income taxes   4,494       8,819  
    Income tax expense   772       2,045  
           
    Net income $ 3,722     $ 6,774  
           
    Earnings per common share:      
    Basic $ 1.03     $ 1.95  
    Diluted $ 1.03     $ 1.94  
    Foresight Financial Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
    Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income
    (Unaudited)                  
                       
      For the Quarter Ended
      June 30,   March 31,   December 31,   September 30,   June 30,
        2025       2025       2024       2024       2024  
    Interest and dividend income:                  
    Loans, including fees $ 17,739     $ 16,918     $ 17,249     $ 17,943     $ 17,394  
    Interest on investment securities   2,394       2,467       2,269       2,183       2,236  
    Interest on fed funds sold and other deposits   285       656       818       573       625  
    Total interest income   20,418       20,041       20,336       20,699       20,255  
    Interest expense:                  
    Deposits   7,099       7,365       7,641       7,885       7,448  
    Federal funds purchased         5       7       29       8  
    Securities sold under agreements to repurchase   39       72       132       134       103  
    FHLB and other borrowings   331       335       328       365       335  
    Total interest expense   7,469       7,777       8,108       8,413       7,894  
    Net interest income   12,949       12,264       12,228       12,286       12,361  
    Provision for credit losses   238       1,298       665       185       138  
    Net interest income after provision for loan losses   12,711       10,966       11,563       12,101       12,223  
                       
    Noninterest income:                  
    Customer service fees   551       342       371       366       342  
    Net securities gains (losses)                            
    Gain on sale of loans, net   26       137       182       303       183  
    Loan servicing fees, net   226       309       192       (98 )     86  
    Bank owned life insurance   177       157       160       571       163  
    ATM / debit card revenue   555       494       539       547       550  
    Other   1,468       503       429       298       334  
    Total noninterest income   3,003       1,942       1,873       1,987       1,658  
                       
    Noninterest expenses:                  
    Salaries and employee benefits   6,408       6,202       6,383       6,302       6,230  
    Occupancy expense of premises, net   796       602       587       592       587  
    Outside services   422       666       435       411       391  
    Data processing   1,205       731       968       788       716  
    Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned, net                     6       6  
    Other   3,116       3,980       1,878       1,759       1,709  
    Total noninterest expenses   11,947       12,181       10,251       9,858       9,639  
    Income before income taxes   3,767       727       3,185       4,230       4,240  
    Income tax expense   779       (7 )     692       833       975  
    Net income $ 2,988     $ 734     $ 2,493     $ 3,397     $ 3,265  
                       
    Foresight Financial Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries         
    Consolidated Balance Sheets         
    (Unaudited)                  
      As of
      June 30,   March 31,   December 31,   September 30,   June 30,
        2025       2025       2024       2024       2024  
    Assets                  
    Cash and due from banks $ 28,002     $ 19,996     $ 16,905     $ 30,162     $ 21,290  
    Interest-bearing deposits in banks   13,025       46,118       45,357       20,040       11,196  
    Federal funds sold   787       452       1,738       2,183       3,433  
    Total cash and cash equivalents   41,814       66,566       64,000       52,385       35,919  
                       
    Interest-bearing deposits in banks – term deposits   2,259       2,466       4,434       5,169       4,983  
    Debt securities:                  
    Debt securities available-for-sale (AFS)   361,146       380,667       369,945       368,386       359,762  
    Debt securities held-to-maturity (HTM)   3,263       3,263       3,263       3,616       3,609  
    Marketable equity securities and other investments   5,446       5,671       7,592       6,738       6,215  
    Loans held for sale   480       573       852       794       480  
    Loans, net of allowance for credit losses   1,116,498       1,084,761       1,100,657       1,102,342       1,107,199  
    Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned, net   703                         68  
    Premises and equipment, net   16,889       16,978       17,125       17,125       17,234  
    Bank owned life insurance   24,646       24,615       24,459       24,300       24,653  
    Other assets   37,870       40,519       40,892       39,350       39,550  
    Total assets $ 1,611,014     $ 1,626,079     $ 1,633,219     $ 1,620,205     $ 1,599,672  
                       
    Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity                  
    Liabilities:                  
    Deposits:                  
    Noninterest-bearing $ 247,002     $ 250,709     $ 249,076     $ 237,685     $ 244,414  
    Interest-bearing   1,136,961       1,142,009       1,151,627       1,138,578       1,128,081  
    Total deposits   1,383,963       1,392,718       1,400,703       1,376,263       1,372,495  
    Federal funds purchased         55       5,804       4,764       6,053  
    Securities sold under agreements to repurchase   12,466       21,095       15,017       23,381       21,930  
    Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) and other borrowings   39,889       37,810       40,911       39,174       39,293  
    Accrued interest payable and other liabilities   14,737       16,670       17,386       16,970       16,674  
    Total liabilities   1,451,055       1,468,348       1,479,821       1,460,552       1,456,445  
    Stockholders’ equity:                  
    Preferred stock                            
    Common stock   1,062       1,060       1,060       1,060       1,022  
    Additional paid-in capital   16,704       16,482       16,482       16,445       11,660  
    Retained earnings   187,237       184,972       184,961       183,118       180,346  
    Treasury stock, at cost   (16,013 )     (16,008 )     (16,008 )     (16,008 )     (16,008 )
    Accumulated other comprehensive loss   (29,031 )     (28,775 )     (33,097 )     (24,963 )     (33,793 )
    Total stockholders’ equity   159,959       157,731       153,398       159,653       143,227  
    Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 1,611,014     $ 1,626,079     $ 1,633,219     $ 1,620,205     $ 1,599,672  
                       
    KEY FINANCIAL RATIOS         
    (Unaudited)                  
      As of and for the Quarter Ended
      June 30,   March 31,   December 31,   September 30,   June 30,
        2025       2025       2024       2024       2024  
                       
    Basic earnings per common share $ 0.83     $ 0.20     $ 0.69     $ 0.97     $ 0.95  
    Diluted earnings per common share   0.82       0.20       0.69       0.97       0.94  
    Dividends per common share       0.20       0.18       0.18       0.18  
                       
    Book value per common share   44.41       43.84       42.63       44.38       41.59  
    Tangible book value per common share   44.37       43.80       42.59       44.34       41.55  
    Tangible book value, excluding AOCI, per share   52.43       51.80       51.79       51.28       51.36  
    End of period shares outstanding   3,606,087       3,598,042       3,598,042       3,597,418       3,443,937  
    Average number of shares outstanding   3,606,137       3,598,042       3,597,478       3,494,270       3,450,527  
                       
    Return on average assets   0.75%       0.21%       0.58%       0.82%       0.82%  
    Return on average equity   7.60%       2.18%       6.08%       8.83%       9.40%  
    Net interest margin, tax equivalent   3.40%       3.25%       3.14%       3.21%       3.24%  
    Efficiency ratio, tax equivalent   73.61%       83.72%       72.58       68.97       68.13  
    ASSET QUALITY DATA         
    (Unaudited) As of
    (Amounts in thousands) June 30,   March 31,   December 31,   September 30,   June 30,
        2025       2025       2024       2024       2024  
                       
    Nonaccrual Loans   25,939       28,564       28,175       23,653       21,366  
    Accruing loans past due 90 days or more   688       185       230       680       32  
    Total non-performing loans   26,627       28,749       28,405       24,333       21,398  
    Other real estate owned and other assets   703       6       13       7        
    Impaired other investments   961       961                    
    Total non-performing Assets   28,291       29,716       28,418       24,340       21,398  
                       
    Total Loans   1,130,124       1,100,853       1,115,351       1,117,022       1,121,742  
    Allowance for credit losses   13,626       16,092       14,694       14,678       14,543  
    Loans, net of allowance for credit losses   1,116,498       1,084,761       1,100,657       1,102,344       1,107,199  
                       
    Nonperforming assets tototal assets   1.76%       1.83%       1.74%       1.50%       1.34%  
    Nonperforming loans to total loans   2.36%       2.61%       2.55%       2.18%       1.91%  
    Allowance for credit losses to total loans   1.21%       1.46%       1.32%       1.31%       1.30%  
    Allowance for credit losses to noperforming loans   51.17%       55.97%       51.73%       60.32%       67.96%  
                       

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI Submissions: Microbes in deep-sea volcanoes can help scientists learn about early life on Earth, or even life beyond our planet

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By James F. Holden, Professor of Microbiology, UMass Amherst

    A submersible, which travels to the seafloor to collect rock and microbe samples, is lifted by the arm of a research vessel. James F. Holden

    People have long wondered what life was first like on Earth, and if there is life in our solar system beyond our planet. Scientists have reason to believe that some of the moons in our solar system – like Jupiter’s Europa and Saturn’s Enceladus – may contain deep, salty liquid oceans under an icy shell. Seafloor volcanoes could heat these moons’ oceans and provide the basic chemicals needed for life.

    Similar deep-sea volcanoes found on Earth support microbial life that lives inside solid rock without sunlight and oxygen. Some of these microbes, called thermophiles, live at temperatures hot enough to boil water on the surface. They grow from the chemicals coming out of active volcanoes.

    Because these microorganisms existed before there was photosynthesis or oxygen on Earth, scientists think these deep-sea volcanoes and microbes could resemble the earliest habitats and life on Earth, and beyond.

    To determine if life could exist beyond Earth in these ocean worlds, NASA sent the Cassini spacecraft to orbit Saturn in 1997. The agency has also sent three spacecraft to orbit Jupiter: Galileo in 1989, Juno in 2011 and most recently Europa Clipper in 2024. These spacecraft flew and will fly close to Enceladus and Europa to measure their habitability for life using a suite of instruments.

    A diagram of the interior of Saturn’s moon Enceladus, which may have hot plumes beneath its ocean.
    Surface: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute; interior: LPG-CNRS/U. Nantes/U. Angers. Graphic composition: ESA

    However, for planetary scientists to interpret the data they collect, they need to first understand how similar habitats function and host life on Earth.

    My microbiology laboratory at the University of Massachusetts Amherst studies thermophiles from hot springs at deep-sea volcanoes, also called hydrothermal vents.

    Diving deep for samples of life

    I grew up in Spokane, Washington, and had over an inch of volcanic ash land on my home when Mount St. Helens erupted in 1980. That event led to my fascination with volcanoes.

    Several years later, while studying oceanography in college, I collected samples from Mount St. Helens’ hot springs and studied a thermophile from the site. I later collected samples at hydrothermal vents along an undersea volcanic mountain range hundreds of miles off the coast of Washington and Oregon. I have continued to study these hydrothermal vents and their microbes for nearly four decades.

    Crewed submarines travel deep underwater to collect samples from hydrothermal vents.
    Gavin Eppard, WHOI/Expedition to the Deep Slope/NOAA/OER, CC BY

    Submarine pilots collect the samples my team uses from hydrothermal vents using human-occupied submarines or remotely operated submersibles. These vehicles are lowered into the ocean from research ships where scientists conduct research 24 hours a day, often for weeks at a time.

    The samples collected include rocks and heated hydrothermal fluids that rise from cracks in the seafloor.

    The submarines use mechanical arms to collect the rocks and special sampling pumps and bags to collect the hydrothermal fluids. The submarines usually remain on the seafloor for about a day before returning samples to the surface. They make multiple trips to the seafloor on each expedition.

    Inside the solid rock of the seafloor, hydrothermal fluids as hot at 662 degrees Fahrenheit (350 Celsius) mix with cold seawater in cracks and pores of the rock. The mixture of hydrothermal fluid and seawater creates the ideal temperatures and chemical conditions that thermophiles need to live and grow.

    Plumes rising from hydrothermal vents in the Atlantic Ocean.
    P. Rona / OAR/National Undersea Research Program; NOAA

    When the submarines return to the ship, scientists – including my research team – begin analyzing the chemistry, minerals and organic material like DNA in the collected water and rock samples.

    These samples contain live microbes that we can cultivate, so we grow the microbes we are interested in studying while on the ship. The samples provide a snapshot of how microbes live and grow in their natural environment.

    Thermophiles in the lab

    Back in my laboratory in Amherst, my research team isolates new microbes from the hydrothermal vent samples and grows them under conditions that mimic those they experience in nature. We feed them volcanic chemicals like hydrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur and iron and measure their ability to produce compounds like methane, hydrogen sulfide and the magnetic mineral magnetite.

    The thermophilic microbe Pyrodictium delaneyi isolated by the Holden lab from a hydrothermal vent in the Pacific Ocean. It grows at 194 degrees Fahrenheit (90 Celsius) on hydrogen, sulfur and iron.
    Lin et al., 2016/The Microbiology Society

    Oxygen is typically deadly for these organisms, so we grow them in synthetic hydrothermal fluid and in sealed tubes or in large bioreactors free of oxygen. This way, we can control the temperature and chemical conditions they need for growth.

    From these experiments, we look for distinguishing chemical signals that these organisms produce which spacecraft or instruments that land on extraterrestrial surfaces could potentially detect.

    We also create computer models that best describe how we think these microbes grow and compete with other organisms in hydrothermal vents. We can apply these models to conditions we think existed on early Earth or on ocean worlds to see how these microbes might fare under those conditions.

    We then analyze the proteins from the thermophiles we collect to understand how these organisms function and adapt to changing environmental conditions. All this information guides our understanding of how life can exist in extreme environments on and beyond Earth.

    Uses for thermophiles in biotechnology

    In addition to providing helpful information to planetary scientists, research on thermophiles provides other benefits as well. Many of the proteins in thermophiles are new to science and useful for biotechnology.

    The best example of this is an enzyme called DNA polymerase, which is used to artificially replicate DNA in the lab by the polymerase chain reaction. The DNA polymerase first used for polymerase chain reaction was purified from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus in 1976. This enzyme needs to be heat resistant for the replication technique to work. Everything from genome sequencing to clinical diagnoses, crime solving, genealogy tests and genetic engineering uses DNA polymerase.

    DNA polymerase is an enzyme that plays an essential role in DNA replication. A heat-resistant form from thermophiles is useful in bioengineering.
    Christinelmiller/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA

    My lab and others are exploring how thermophiles can be used to degrade waste and produce commercially useful products. Some of these organisms grow on waste milk from dairy farms and brewery wastewater – materials that cause fish kills and dead zones in ponds and bays. The microbes then produce biohydrogen from the waste – a compound that can be used as an energy source.

    Hydrothermal vents are among the most fascinating and unusual environments on Earth. With them, windows to the first life on Earth and beyond may lie at the bottom of our oceans.

    James F. Holden receives funding from NASA.

    ref. Microbes in deep-sea volcanoes can help scientists learn about early life on Earth, or even life beyond our planet – https://theconversation.com/microbes-in-deep-sea-volcanoes-can-help-scientists-learn-about-early-life-on-earth-or-even-life-beyond-our-planet-260977

    MIL OSI

  • MIL-OSI Submissions: Microbes in deep-sea volcanoes can help scientists learn about early life on Earth, or even life beyond our planet

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By James F. Holden, Professor of Microbiology, UMass Amherst

    A submersible, which travels to the seafloor to collect rock and microbe samples, is lifted by the arm of a research vessel. James F. Holden

    People have long wondered what life was first like on Earth, and if there is life in our solar system beyond our planet. Scientists have reason to believe that some of the moons in our solar system – like Jupiter’s Europa and Saturn’s Enceladus – may contain deep, salty liquid oceans under an icy shell. Seafloor volcanoes could heat these moons’ oceans and provide the basic chemicals needed for life.

    Similar deep-sea volcanoes found on Earth support microbial life that lives inside solid rock without sunlight and oxygen. Some of these microbes, called thermophiles, live at temperatures hot enough to boil water on the surface. They grow from the chemicals coming out of active volcanoes.

    Because these microorganisms existed before there was photosynthesis or oxygen on Earth, scientists think these deep-sea volcanoes and microbes could resemble the earliest habitats and life on Earth, and beyond.

    To determine if life could exist beyond Earth in these ocean worlds, NASA sent the Cassini spacecraft to orbit Saturn in 1997. The agency has also sent three spacecraft to orbit Jupiter: Galileo in 1989, Juno in 2011 and most recently Europa Clipper in 2024. These spacecraft flew and will fly close to Enceladus and Europa to measure their habitability for life using a suite of instruments.

    A diagram of the interior of Saturn’s moon Enceladus, which may have hot plumes beneath its ocean.
    Surface: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute; interior: LPG-CNRS/U. Nantes/U. Angers. Graphic composition: ESA

    However, for planetary scientists to interpret the data they collect, they need to first understand how similar habitats function and host life on Earth.

    My microbiology laboratory at the University of Massachusetts Amherst studies thermophiles from hot springs at deep-sea volcanoes, also called hydrothermal vents.

    Diving deep for samples of life

    I grew up in Spokane, Washington, and had over an inch of volcanic ash land on my home when Mount St. Helens erupted in 1980. That event led to my fascination with volcanoes.

    Several years later, while studying oceanography in college, I collected samples from Mount St. Helens’ hot springs and studied a thermophile from the site. I later collected samples at hydrothermal vents along an undersea volcanic mountain range hundreds of miles off the coast of Washington and Oregon. I have continued to study these hydrothermal vents and their microbes for nearly four decades.

    Crewed submarines travel deep underwater to collect samples from hydrothermal vents.
    Gavin Eppard, WHOI/Expedition to the Deep Slope/NOAA/OER, CC BY

    Submarine pilots collect the samples my team uses from hydrothermal vents using human-occupied submarines or remotely operated submersibles. These vehicles are lowered into the ocean from research ships where scientists conduct research 24 hours a day, often for weeks at a time.

    The samples collected include rocks and heated hydrothermal fluids that rise from cracks in the seafloor.

    The submarines use mechanical arms to collect the rocks and special sampling pumps and bags to collect the hydrothermal fluids. The submarines usually remain on the seafloor for about a day before returning samples to the surface. They make multiple trips to the seafloor on each expedition.

    Inside the solid rock of the seafloor, hydrothermal fluids as hot at 662 degrees Fahrenheit (350 Celsius) mix with cold seawater in cracks and pores of the rock. The mixture of hydrothermal fluid and seawater creates the ideal temperatures and chemical conditions that thermophiles need to live and grow.

    Plumes rising from hydrothermal vents in the Atlantic Ocean.
    P. Rona / OAR/National Undersea Research Program; NOAA

    When the submarines return to the ship, scientists – including my research team – begin analyzing the chemistry, minerals and organic material like DNA in the collected water and rock samples.

    These samples contain live microbes that we can cultivate, so we grow the microbes we are interested in studying while on the ship. The samples provide a snapshot of how microbes live and grow in their natural environment.

    Thermophiles in the lab

    Back in my laboratory in Amherst, my research team isolates new microbes from the hydrothermal vent samples and grows them under conditions that mimic those they experience in nature. We feed them volcanic chemicals like hydrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur and iron and measure their ability to produce compounds like methane, hydrogen sulfide and the magnetic mineral magnetite.

    The thermophilic microbe Pyrodictium delaneyi isolated by the Holden lab from a hydrothermal vent in the Pacific Ocean. It grows at 194 degrees Fahrenheit (90 Celsius) on hydrogen, sulfur and iron.
    Lin et al., 2016/The Microbiology Society

    Oxygen is typically deadly for these organisms, so we grow them in synthetic hydrothermal fluid and in sealed tubes or in large bioreactors free of oxygen. This way, we can control the temperature and chemical conditions they need for growth.

    From these experiments, we look for distinguishing chemical signals that these organisms produce which spacecraft or instruments that land on extraterrestrial surfaces could potentially detect.

    We also create computer models that best describe how we think these microbes grow and compete with other organisms in hydrothermal vents. We can apply these models to conditions we think existed on early Earth or on ocean worlds to see how these microbes might fare under those conditions.

    We then analyze the proteins from the thermophiles we collect to understand how these organisms function and adapt to changing environmental conditions. All this information guides our understanding of how life can exist in extreme environments on and beyond Earth.

    Uses for thermophiles in biotechnology

    In addition to providing helpful information to planetary scientists, research on thermophiles provides other benefits as well. Many of the proteins in thermophiles are new to science and useful for biotechnology.

    The best example of this is an enzyme called DNA polymerase, which is used to artificially replicate DNA in the lab by the polymerase chain reaction. The DNA polymerase first used for polymerase chain reaction was purified from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus in 1976. This enzyme needs to be heat resistant for the replication technique to work. Everything from genome sequencing to clinical diagnoses, crime solving, genealogy tests and genetic engineering uses DNA polymerase.

    DNA polymerase is an enzyme that plays an essential role in DNA replication. A heat-resistant form from thermophiles is useful in bioengineering.
    Christinelmiller/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA

    My lab and others are exploring how thermophiles can be used to degrade waste and produce commercially useful products. Some of these organisms grow on waste milk from dairy farms and brewery wastewater – materials that cause fish kills and dead zones in ponds and bays. The microbes then produce biohydrogen from the waste – a compound that can be used as an energy source.

    Hydrothermal vents are among the most fascinating and unusual environments on Earth. With them, windows to the first life on Earth and beyond may lie at the bottom of our oceans.

    James F. Holden receives funding from NASA.

    ref. Microbes in deep-sea volcanoes can help scientists learn about early life on Earth, or even life beyond our planet – https://theconversation.com/microbes-in-deep-sea-volcanoes-can-help-scientists-learn-about-early-life-on-earth-or-even-life-beyond-our-planet-260977

    MIL OSI

  • MIL-OSI Submissions: ‘Democratizing space’ is more than just adding new players – it comes with questions around sustainability and sovereignty

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Timiebi Aganaba, Assistant Professor of Space and Society, Arizona State University

    A group of people gaze up at the Moon in Germany. AP Photo/Markus Schreiber

    India is on the Moon,” S. Somanath, chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, announced in August 2023. The announcement meant India had joined the short list of countries to have visited the Moon, and the applause and shouts of joy that followed signified that this achievement wasn’t just a scientific one, but a cultural one.

    India’s successful lunar landing prompted celebrations across the country, like this one in Mumbai.
    AP Photo/Rajanish Kakade

    Over the past decade, many countries have established new space programs, including multiple African nations. India and Israel – nations that were not technical contributors to the space race in the 1960s and ‘70s – have attempted landings on the lunar surface.

    With more countries joining the evolving space economy, many of our colleagues in space strategy, policy ethics and law have celebrated the democratization of space: the hope that space is now more accessible for diverse participants.

    We are a team of researchers based across four countries with expertise in space policy and law, ethics, geography and anthropology who have written about the difficulties and importance of inclusion in space.

    Major players like the U.S., the European Union and China may once have dominated space and seen it as a place to try out new commercial and military ventures. Emerging new players in space, like other countries, commercial interests and nongovernmental organizations, may have other goals and rationales. Unexpected new initiatives from these newcomers could shift perceptions of space from something to dominate and possess to something more inclusive, equitable and democratic.

    We address these emerging and historical tensions in a paper published in May 2025 in the journal Nature, in which we describe the difficulties and importance of including nontraditional actors and Indigenous peoples in the space industry.

    Continuing inequalities among space players

    Not all countries’ space agencies are equal. Newer agencies often don’t have the same resources behind them that large, established players do.

    The U.S. and Chinese programs receive much more funding than those of any other country. Because they are most frequently sending up satellites and proposing new ideas puts them in the position to establish conventions for satellite systems, landing sites and resource extraction that everyone else may have to follow.

    Sometimes, countries may have operated on the assumption that owning a satellite would give them the appearance of soft or hard geopolitical power as a space nation – and ultimately gain relevance.

    Small satellites, called CubeSats, are becoming relatively affordable and easy to develop, allowing more players, from countries and companies to universities and student groups, to have a satellite in space.
    NASA/Butch Wilmore, CC BY-NC

    In reality, student groups of today can develop small satellites, called CubeSats, autonomously, and recent scholarship has concluded that even successful space missions may negatively affect the international relationships between some countries and their partners. The respect a country expects to receive may not materialize, and the costs to keep up can outstrip gains in potential prestige.

    Environmental protection and Indigenous perspectives

    Usually, building the infrastructure necessary to test and launch rockets requires a remote area with established roads. In many cases, companies and space agencies have placed these facilities on lands where Indigenous peoples have strong claims, which can lead to land disputes, like in western Australia.

    Many of these sites have already been subject to human-made changes, through mining and resource extraction in the past. Many sites have been ground zero for tensions with Indigenous peoples over land use. Within these contested spaces, disputes are rife.

    Because of these tensions around land use, it is important to include Indigenous claims and perspectives. Doing so can help make sure that the goal of protecting the environments of outer space and Earth are not cast aside while building space infrastructure here on Earth.

    Some efforts are driving this more inclusive approach to engagement in space, including initiatives like “Dark and Quiet Skies”, a movement that works to ensure that people can stargaze and engage with the stars without noise or sound pollution. This movement and other inclusive approaches operate on the principle of reciprocity: that more players getting involved with space can benefit all.

    Researchers have recognized similar dynamics within the larger space industry. Some scholars have come to the conclusion that even though the space industry is “pay to play,” commitments to reciprocity can help ensure that players in space exploration who may not have the financial or infrastructural means to support individual efforts can still access broader structures of support.

    The downside of more players entering space is that this expansion can make protecting the environment – both on Earth and beyond – even harder.

    The more players there are, at both private and international levels, the more difficult sustainable space exploration could become. Even with good will and the best of intentions, it would be difficult to enforce uniform standards for the exploration and use of space resources that would protect the lunar surface, Mars and beyond.

    It may also grow harder to police the launch of satellites and dedicated constellations. Limiting the number of satellites could prevent space junk, protect the satellites already in orbit and allow everyone to have a clear view of the night sky. However, this would have to compete with efforts to expand internet access to all.

    The amount of space junk in orbit has increased dramatically since the 1960s.

    What is space exploration for?

    Before tackling these issues, we find it useful to think about the larger goal of space exploration, and what the different approaches are. One approach would be the fast and inclusive democratization of space – making it easier for more players to join in. Another would be a more conservative and slower “big player” approach, which would restrict who can go to space.

    The conservative approach is liable to leave developing nations and Indigenous peoples firmly on the outside of a key process shaping humanity’s shared future.

    But a faster and more inclusive approach to space would not be easy to run. More serious players means it would be harder to come to an agreement about regulations, as well as the larger goals for human expansion into space.

    Narratives around emerging technologies, such as those required for space exploration, can change over time, as people begin to see them in action.

    Technology that we take for granted today was once viewed as futuristic or fantastical, and sometimes with suspicion. For example, at the end of the 1940s, George Orwell imagined a world in which totalitarian systems used tele-screens and videoconferencing to control the masses.

    Earlier in the same decade, Thomas J. Watson, then president of IBM, notoriously predicted that there would be a global market for about five computers. We as humans often fear or mistrust future technologies.

    However, not all technological shifts are detrimental, and some technological changes can have clear benefits. In the future, robots may perform tasks too dangerous, too difficult or too dull and repetitive for humans. Biotechnology may make life healthier. Artificial intelligence can sift through vast amounts of data and turn it into reliable guesswork. Researchers can also see genuine downsides to each of these technologies.

    Space exploration is harder to squeeze into one streamlined narrative about the anticipated benefits. The process is just too big and too transformative.

    To return to the question if we should go to space, our team argues that it is not a question of whether or not we should go, but rather a question of why we do it, who benefits from space exploration and how we can democratize access to broader segments of society. Including a diversity of opinions and viewpoints can help find productive ways forward.

    Ultimately, it is not necessary for everyone to land on one single narrative about the value of space exploration. Even our team of four researchers doesn’t share a single set of beliefs about its value. But bringing more nations, tribes and companies into discussions around its potential value can help create collaborative and worthwhile goals at an international scale.

    Tony Milligan receives funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 856543).

    Adam Fish, Deondre Smiles, and Timiebi Aganaba do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. ‘Democratizing space’ is more than just adding new players – it comes with questions around sustainability and sovereignty – https://theconversation.com/democratizing-space-is-more-than-just-adding-new-players-it-comes-with-questions-around-sustainability-and-sovereignty-257306

    MIL OSI

  • MIL-OSI Submissions: ‘Democratizing space’ is more than just adding new players – it comes with questions around sustainability and sovereignty

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Timiebi Aganaba, Assistant Professor of Space and Society, Arizona State University

    A group of people gaze up at the Moon in Germany. AP Photo/Markus Schreiber

    India is on the Moon,” S. Somanath, chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, announced in August 2023. The announcement meant India had joined the short list of countries to have visited the Moon, and the applause and shouts of joy that followed signified that this achievement wasn’t just a scientific one, but a cultural one.

    India’s successful lunar landing prompted celebrations across the country, like this one in Mumbai.
    AP Photo/Rajanish Kakade

    Over the past decade, many countries have established new space programs, including multiple African nations. India and Israel – nations that were not technical contributors to the space race in the 1960s and ‘70s – have attempted landings on the lunar surface.

    With more countries joining the evolving space economy, many of our colleagues in space strategy, policy ethics and law have celebrated the democratization of space: the hope that space is now more accessible for diverse participants.

    We are a team of researchers based across four countries with expertise in space policy and law, ethics, geography and anthropology who have written about the difficulties and importance of inclusion in space.

    Major players like the U.S., the European Union and China may once have dominated space and seen it as a place to try out new commercial and military ventures. Emerging new players in space, like other countries, commercial interests and nongovernmental organizations, may have other goals and rationales. Unexpected new initiatives from these newcomers could shift perceptions of space from something to dominate and possess to something more inclusive, equitable and democratic.

    We address these emerging and historical tensions in a paper published in May 2025 in the journal Nature, in which we describe the difficulties and importance of including nontraditional actors and Indigenous peoples in the space industry.

    Continuing inequalities among space players

    Not all countries’ space agencies are equal. Newer agencies often don’t have the same resources behind them that large, established players do.

    The U.S. and Chinese programs receive much more funding than those of any other country. Because they are most frequently sending up satellites and proposing new ideas puts them in the position to establish conventions for satellite systems, landing sites and resource extraction that everyone else may have to follow.

    Sometimes, countries may have operated on the assumption that owning a satellite would give them the appearance of soft or hard geopolitical power as a space nation – and ultimately gain relevance.

    Small satellites, called CubeSats, are becoming relatively affordable and easy to develop, allowing more players, from countries and companies to universities and student groups, to have a satellite in space.
    NASA/Butch Wilmore, CC BY-NC

    In reality, student groups of today can develop small satellites, called CubeSats, autonomously, and recent scholarship has concluded that even successful space missions may negatively affect the international relationships between some countries and their partners. The respect a country expects to receive may not materialize, and the costs to keep up can outstrip gains in potential prestige.

    Environmental protection and Indigenous perspectives

    Usually, building the infrastructure necessary to test and launch rockets requires a remote area with established roads. In many cases, companies and space agencies have placed these facilities on lands where Indigenous peoples have strong claims, which can lead to land disputes, like in western Australia.

    Many of these sites have already been subject to human-made changes, through mining and resource extraction in the past. Many sites have been ground zero for tensions with Indigenous peoples over land use. Within these contested spaces, disputes are rife.

    Because of these tensions around land use, it is important to include Indigenous claims and perspectives. Doing so can help make sure that the goal of protecting the environments of outer space and Earth are not cast aside while building space infrastructure here on Earth.

    Some efforts are driving this more inclusive approach to engagement in space, including initiatives like “Dark and Quiet Skies”, a movement that works to ensure that people can stargaze and engage with the stars without noise or sound pollution. This movement and other inclusive approaches operate on the principle of reciprocity: that more players getting involved with space can benefit all.

    Researchers have recognized similar dynamics within the larger space industry. Some scholars have come to the conclusion that even though the space industry is “pay to play,” commitments to reciprocity can help ensure that players in space exploration who may not have the financial or infrastructural means to support individual efforts can still access broader structures of support.

    The downside of more players entering space is that this expansion can make protecting the environment – both on Earth and beyond – even harder.

    The more players there are, at both private and international levels, the more difficult sustainable space exploration could become. Even with good will and the best of intentions, it would be difficult to enforce uniform standards for the exploration and use of space resources that would protect the lunar surface, Mars and beyond.

    It may also grow harder to police the launch of satellites and dedicated constellations. Limiting the number of satellites could prevent space junk, protect the satellites already in orbit and allow everyone to have a clear view of the night sky. However, this would have to compete with efforts to expand internet access to all.

    The amount of space junk in orbit has increased dramatically since the 1960s.

    What is space exploration for?

    Before tackling these issues, we find it useful to think about the larger goal of space exploration, and what the different approaches are. One approach would be the fast and inclusive democratization of space – making it easier for more players to join in. Another would be a more conservative and slower “big player” approach, which would restrict who can go to space.

    The conservative approach is liable to leave developing nations and Indigenous peoples firmly on the outside of a key process shaping humanity’s shared future.

    But a faster and more inclusive approach to space would not be easy to run. More serious players means it would be harder to come to an agreement about regulations, as well as the larger goals for human expansion into space.

    Narratives around emerging technologies, such as those required for space exploration, can change over time, as people begin to see them in action.

    Technology that we take for granted today was once viewed as futuristic or fantastical, and sometimes with suspicion. For example, at the end of the 1940s, George Orwell imagined a world in which totalitarian systems used tele-screens and videoconferencing to control the masses.

    Earlier in the same decade, Thomas J. Watson, then president of IBM, notoriously predicted that there would be a global market for about five computers. We as humans often fear or mistrust future technologies.

    However, not all technological shifts are detrimental, and some technological changes can have clear benefits. In the future, robots may perform tasks too dangerous, too difficult or too dull and repetitive for humans. Biotechnology may make life healthier. Artificial intelligence can sift through vast amounts of data and turn it into reliable guesswork. Researchers can also see genuine downsides to each of these technologies.

    Space exploration is harder to squeeze into one streamlined narrative about the anticipated benefits. The process is just too big and too transformative.

    To return to the question if we should go to space, our team argues that it is not a question of whether or not we should go, but rather a question of why we do it, who benefits from space exploration and how we can democratize access to broader segments of society. Including a diversity of opinions and viewpoints can help find productive ways forward.

    Ultimately, it is not necessary for everyone to land on one single narrative about the value of space exploration. Even our team of four researchers doesn’t share a single set of beliefs about its value. But bringing more nations, tribes and companies into discussions around its potential value can help create collaborative and worthwhile goals at an international scale.

    Tony Milligan receives funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 856543).

    Adam Fish, Deondre Smiles, and Timiebi Aganaba do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. ‘Democratizing space’ is more than just adding new players – it comes with questions around sustainability and sovereignty – https://theconversation.com/democratizing-space-is-more-than-just-adding-new-players-it-comes-with-questions-around-sustainability-and-sovereignty-257306

    MIL OSI

  • MIL-OSI Submissions: Why is heart cancer so rare? A biologist explains

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Julie Phillippi, Associate Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh

    When heart cancer does happen, it can be particularly serious. Olga Pankova/Moment via Getty Images

    Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com.


    Why is heart cancer so rare? – Jackson, age 12, Davis, California


    You probably know someone who is affected by cancer. This disease results when cells divide uncontrollably and can make a person sick, sometimes very seriously.

    Cancer can occur anywhere in the body because every tissue and organ is made up of billions or even trillions of cells. But there are some parts of the body where cancer doesn’t happen as often, such as the heart. Studies show 3 in 10,000 people develop heart cancer. In comparison, 1 in 20 women are expected to develop breast cancer. Why is that?

    I’m a biologist who specializes in the blood vessels of the cardiovascular system. A big part of my work focuses on how cells interact with their environment to regulate the function of tissues and organs. Disease can develop when things go wrong.

    Turns out, heart cells have unique features that make them super resistant to cancer.

    How cancer starts

    Cells produce more cells to grow, replace older or worn-out cells or to repair damaged tissues. This process is called cell division. Each type of cell in the body divides at different rates based on multiple factors, including what their function is and a person’s age.

    For example, the cells of a growing human embryo divide extremely fast, undergoing four divisions in three days. The cells that make up the skin, nails and hair regularly replenish across your lifespan. Bone cells divide at a rate that will give you an entirely new skeleton approximately every 10 years.

    Whether and how often a cell divides is tightly regulated by a series of molecular checkpoints. During cell division, genes within DNA are duplicated and evenly distributed into two daughter cells. Damage to these genes caused by exposure to harmful chemicals, ultraviolet light or radiation can result in mutations that cause disease. Mutations can just happen randomly, too. When there are mutations on the genes regulating cell division, cancer can develop.

    Cells move through a series of checkpoints before division.
    OpenStax, CC BY-SA

    What protects heart cells from cancer?

    Even though the heart is the first organ to form and start working during early development, cells in the adult heart divide very few times after birth, with division dramatically declining after age 20. In fact, less than 50% of heart cells are replaced over the course of an average human life. That means half of the heart cells you’re born with will be helping pump blood for your entire life.

    This low rate of cell division in the adult heart likely serves as its primary defense against cancer. The less often a cell divides, the fewer opportunities there are for mistakes during DNA replication.

    The heart’s location in the body gives it more protection from certain cancer-causing factors.
    OpenStax, CC BY-SA

    The heart is also less directly exposed to cancer-causing factors, such as UV light on the skin or inhaled substances in the lung, due to its protected location in the chest.

    Unfortunately, the heart’s low rate of cell division has some downsides, such as a reduced ability to repair and replace cells damaged by disease, injury or aging.

    Why heart cancer still happens

    Even with the heart’s resistance to cancer, tumors may still form.

    When cancer is found in the heart, it’s often the result of cancer cells migrating from another part of the body to the heart. This process is called metastasis. Certain types of skin cancers or cancers in the chest are more likely to spread to the heart, though this is still rare.

    When they do happen, heart tumors can be quite serious and more aggressive than other cancers. A study analyzing more than 100,000 heart cancer cases in the United States found that patients who underwent surgery and chemotherapy to treat their heart cancer survived longer than those who did not.

    Successful cancer care spans multiple areas of medicine. These include palliative care, which focuses on relieving pain and addressing symptoms, and integrative medicine, which considers the mind-body-spirit connection.

    Heart cancer holds clues to heart regeneration

    Understanding how heart cells divide and what causes that process to change offers clues about disease and shapes ideas for new treatments.

    For example, research into how heart cells divide helps scientists better understand why the heart doesn’t heal well after a heart attack. Researchers found that although failing hearts have more dividing cells than healthy hearts, they need help to recover fully.

    New technologies, such as the ability to reprogram blood cells into heart cells, have allowed researchers to develop new heart disease models to study and one day achieve heart regeneration. This opens doors for new treatments for heart diseases, including cancer.

    Understanding why cancer doesn’t happen is just as important for developing new and better treatments as knowing why it does. The answers to both questions lie truly at the heart.


    Hello, curious kids! Do you have a question you’d like an expert to answer? Ask an adult to send your question to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. Please tell us your name, age and the city where you live.

    And since curiosity has no age limit – adults, let us know what you’re wondering, too. We won’t be able to answer every question, but we will do our best.

    Julie Phillippi receives funding from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.

    ref. Why is heart cancer so rare? A biologist explains – https://theconversation.com/why-is-heart-cancer-so-rare-a-biologist-explains-256055

    MIL OSI

  • MIL-OSI: Gevo Sells Carbon Credits from North Dakota Asset

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    ENGLEWOOD, Colo., July 21, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Gevo, Inc. (NASDAQ: GEVO) is pleased to announce that it is selling carbon abatement into the market for the first time. To support decarbonization and to mitigate its corporate travel emissions, the buyer, a global financial and technology company, purchased high-integrity durable carbon removal credits, known as CORCs (or CO2 Removal Certificates), that are Puro.earth-certified and are ready to retire immediately. CORCs provide true carbon abatement, with a volume of actual carbon dioxide permanently removed from circulation, which offsets the effect of emissions.

    Selling high-integrity CORCs is core to Gevo’s strategy, with the rapidly expanding demand for high-quality carbon credits presenting a real market opportunity today. CO2 produced by operations at Gevo’s North Dakota ethanol-production facility is currently being generated and sequestered through carbon capture and storage (“CCS”), delivering credits backed by real carbon removal.

    The Gevo North Dakota facility has the appropriate geological formation and operational Class IV well for CCS, with a total estimated sequestration capacity of up to 1 million metric tonnes of CO2 per year. This site can supply customers with CORCs today that are ready to be retired immediately. The supply of credits is certified by Puro.earth under its strict standards for 1,000-plus-years permanence and other key quality parameters required by customers. CCS is a key part of our decarbonization strategy for sustainable aviation fuel (“SAF”) as we develop production on multiple pathways.

    CO2 is a product that is often used in industrial applications, including the food and beverage industry or the petroleum production industry through enhanced oil recovery (“EOR”). Alternatively, CO2 can have value by being captured and permanently stored, in lieu of being emitted to the atmosphere. At Gevo North Dakota, biogenic CO₂ is captured and securely stored underground—enabling the generation of the CORCs.

    “These are real sales of credits for carbon dioxide removal that are being generated right now,” says Alex Clayton, Chief Business Development Officer for Gevo. “Customers should feel confident in the CORCs we provide due to the rigor Gevo and Puro.earth are putting into every step of the process. We previously said that after our purchase of Gevo North Dakota that we would be selling carbon and that’s what we’re doing.”

    “Gevo is demonstrating that durable carbon removal isn’t some distant solution—it’s available now,” said Trenton Spindler, Chief Growth Officer at Puro.earth. “With Puro-certified CORCs, buyers worldwide can act decisively to tackle their toughest emissions with confidence in real, permanent results.”

    About Gevo
    Gevo is a next-generation diversified energy company committed to fueling America’s future with cost-effective, drop-in fuels that contribute to energy security, abate carbon, and strengthen rural communities to drive economic growth. Gevo’s innovative technology can be used to make a variety of renewable products, including SAF, motor fuels, chemicals, and other materials that provide U.S.-made solutions. By investing in the backbone of rural America, Gevo’s business model includes developing, financing, and operating production facilities that create jobs and revitalize communities. Gevo owns and operates one of the largest dairy-based renewable natural gas (“RNG”) facilities in the United States, turning by-products into clean, reliable energy. We also operate an ethanol plant with an adjacent carbon capture and sequestration (“CCS”) facility, further solidifying America’s leadership in energy innovation. Additionally, Gevo owns the world’s first production facility for specialty alcohol-to-jet (“ATJ”) fuels and chemicals. Gevo’s market-driven “pay for performance” approach regarding carbon and other sustainability attributes, helps ensure value is delivered to our local economy. Through its Verity subsidiary, Gevo provides transparency, accountability, and efficiency in tracking, measuring, and verifying various attributes throughout the supply chain. By strengthening rural economies, Gevo is working to secure a self-sufficient future and to make sure value is brought to the market.

    For more information, see www.gevo.com.

    About Puro.earth
    Puro.earth is a leading carbon-crediting platform for durable carbon dioxide removal (“CDR”). Via the Puro Standard’s rigorous carbon credit methodologies, suppliers that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to durable storages for at least 100 years are certified and issued CORCs into the transparent Puro Registry. CORCs are then purchased by corporations to help address climate change and neutralize residual carbon emissions. Puro.earth is driving forward the carbon removal industry, enabling new revenue streams to accelerate carbon removal.

    For more information, visit puro.earth.

    Forward Looking Statements
    Certain statements in this press release may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements relate to a variety of matters, including, without limitation, Puro.earth and its business system, the markets for CORCs and carbon dioxide removal, and other statements that are not purely statements of historical fact. These forward-looking statements are made based on the current beliefs, expectations, and assumptions of the management of Gevo and are subject to significant risks and uncertainty. Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. All such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and Gevo undertakes no obligation to update or revise these statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Although Gevo believes that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, these statements involve many risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from what may be expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements. For a further discussion of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed in these forward-looking statements, as well as risks relating to the business of Gevo in general, see the risk disclosures in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Gevo for the year ended December 31, 2024 and in subsequent reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K and other filings made with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission by Gevo.

    Media Contacts
    Heather L. Manuel for Gevo
    VP, Stakeholder Engagement & Partnerships
    PR@gevo.com

    Charlie Morrow for Puro.earth
    PuroEarth@cognitomedia.com

    IR Contact
    Eric Frey, PhD
    VP, Finance & Strategy
    IR@Gevo.com

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI Submissions: Comparing ICE to the Gestapo reveals people’s fears for the US – a Holocaust scholar explains why Nazi analogies remain common, yet risky

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Daniel H. Magilow, Professor of German, University of Tennessee

    U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers gather for a briefing before an enforcement operation on Jan. 27, 2025, in Silver Spring, Md. Associated Press

    Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz recently sparked controversy by comparing U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to Nazi Germany’s notorious secret police, the Gestapo.

    “Donald Trump’s modern-day Gestapo is scooping folks up off the streets,” Walz said during a May 2025 speech at the University of Minnesota Law School’s commencement ceremony.

    “They’re in unmarked vans, wearing masks, being shipped off to foreign torture dungeons, no chance to mount a defense, not even a chance to kiss a loved one goodbye, just grabbed up by masked agents, shoved into those vans, and disappeared,” Walz added.

    ICE, tasked with enforcing immigration policies, has dramatically increased the number of nationwide arrests of immigrants since President Donald Trump returned to office in January 2025. ICE’s arrests of immigrants have more than doubled in 38 states since then.

    In recent months, other Democratic politicians, including U.S Rep. Dan Goldman of New York, have also compared ICE to the Gestapo, or Adolf Hitler’s “secret police,” as Rep. Seth Moulton of Massachusetts said in April.

    But do ICE’s tactics actually resemble those of the Gestapo?

    Because I am a scholar of modern Germany and the Holocaust, people regularly ask me if this analogy is accurate. The answer is complicated.

    The Gestapo arrests a group of Jewish men hiding in a cellar in Poland in 1939, in what was possibly a staged German propaganda photo.
    Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images

    Understanding the Gestapo

    The Nazi regime established the Gestapo, short for the German phrase Geheime Staatspolizei, meaning secret state police, soon after Hitler became chancellor of Germany in January 1933. Among other responsibilities, the Gestapo was tasked with investigating political crimes and monitoring opposition activity. It later enforced racial laws in Germany and across occupied Europe.

    As part of its daily work, the Gestapo identified and monitored the regime’s political enemies. It arrested, interrogated, detained and tortured suspects and sent others to concentration camps. To identify suspects, it often relied on anonymous denunciations that came not only from zealous Nazis, but also from disgruntled neighbors or business competitors who tipped off the Gestapo to Jews and other people.

    While the Gestapo was relatively small in terms of personnel, it projected an image of being, as one scholar wrote, “omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent.”

    It enforced the regime’s will and suppressed dissent not through sheer manpower but by creating a pervasive sense of fear. This aura of menace and terror has long outlived the Nazi regime itself.

    ICE’s operations

    ICE, with around 21,000 officers and staff operating in a country of more than 340 million, is smaller both in absolute terms and on a per capita basis. At its height between 1943 and 1945, the Gestapo had between 40,000 and 50,000 personnel in a country of 79 million.

    ICE is set to expand its work in the next few years with an additional US$75 billion in funding that Congress appropriated in July as part of Trump’s tax and spending bill.

    And while ICE focuses on immigration, the Gestapo had a more expansive role. It was responsible for suppressing all forms of political dissent, not just violations of immigration law.

    ICE operates with vastly more advanced technologies that did not exist in the 1940s, including facial recognition and social media monitoring.

    There is technically more transparency around ICE’s work than the Gestapo’s, since ICE is a federal agency that is subject to its work and information being reviewed by politicians and the public alike. But in June 2020, the first Trump administration reclassified ICE, which is part of the Department of Homeland Security, as a “security/sensitive agency.” This designation makes it harder for people to request and receive information about ICE’s work through Freedom of Information Act records requests.

    Like the Gestapo, ICE can seem performative in its work, like when it carried out a dramatic July raid of a cannabis farm in California in which balaclava-wearing officers used tear gas against protesters.

    The Gestapo in today’s world

    Since World War II and the fall of the Nazi regime, the term Gestapo has become shorthand in the United States to describe police repression.

    Using the word Gestapo to describe the worst possible authoritarian oppression has been popularized in popular movies in everything from the 1943 film “Casablanca” and “The Black Gestapo” in 1975 to “Inglourious Basterds” in 2009 and “Jojo Rabbit” in 2019.

    Walz’s remarks in May, though provocative, were also far from isolated in politics. Politicians from both sides of the aisle, as well as political observers, regularly use Gestapo and Nazi metaphors to attack their opponents.

    In 2022, Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene of Georgia famously confused the term Gestapo with gazpacho soup in a gaffe that went viral. “Now we have Nancy Pelosi’s gazpacho police spying on members of Congress,” she said.

    In 2024, Trump accused President Joe Biden of running a “Gestapo administration” as the Justice Department prosecuted Trump for attempting to overturn the 2020 election.

    Overall, mentions of the word Gestapo in social media increased by 184% between 2017 and 2024, according to the nonprofit group Foundation to Combat Antisemitism.

    The U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum is among the organizations that have condemned making comparisons to the Holocaust and the Nazis for many reasons, including their historical inaccuracy and because they are insulting to people whose families remain scarred by the Holocaust.

    A Paraguayan woman whose relative was detained by ICE agents scuffles with officers in the halls of an immigration court in New York City on July 16, 2025.
    Spencer Platt/Getty Images

    What historical comparisons really say

    Analogies can be useful for clarifying complex ideas. But especially when they stretch across decades and vastly different political contexts, they risk oversimplifying and trivializing history.

    I believe that comparing ICE to the Gestapo is less a historical judgment than a reflection of modern anxiety – a fear that the U.S. is veering toward authoritarianism reminiscent of 1930s Germany.

    If politicians and other public figures are looking for historical comparisons to modern law enforcement agencies that use severe tactics, there is, unfortunately, no shortage of options: the Soviet Union’s secret police agencies NKVD and KGB, Iran’s former secret police and intelligence agency SAVAK or East Germany’s Stasi, to name just a few.
    All of those organizations denied suspects due process and grossly violated human rights in order to protect political regimes – but they don’t necessarily easily compare to ICE, either.

    Still, politicians and political observers alike most often turn to the Gestapo and other Nazi references instead.

    Ultimately, the Gestapo, Nazi Germany and the Holocaust serve as a powerful, shared cultural reference point. The catastrophes of World War II epitomize the worst possible outcomes of evil left unchecked.

    They have become the master moral paradigm and an ethical compass for the world today. In an age of polarization, World War II and the Holocaust remain the mirror in which Americans examine their present.

    Daniel H. Magilow received funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities (although DOGE cancelled the grant in April 2025).

    He serves as Co-Editor-in-Chief of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, the journal of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum’s Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies

    ref. Comparing ICE to the Gestapo reveals people’s fears for the US – a Holocaust scholar explains why Nazi analogies remain common, yet risky – https://theconversation.com/comparing-ice-to-the-gestapo-reveals-peoples-fears-for-the-us-a-holocaust-scholar-explains-why-nazi-analogies-remain-common-yet-risky-260767

    MIL OSI

  • MIL-OSI Submissions: Amid fragile ceasefire, violence in southern Syria brings Druze communities’ complex cross-border ties to the fore

    Source: The Conversation – USA (3) – By Asher Kaufman, Professor of History and Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame

    Druze from Syria hug relatives from the Israeli Druze community before crossing the border in the Israeli-controlled Golan Heights on July 17, 2025. AP Photo/Leo Correa

    A fragile ceasefire was put in place in southern Syria on July 19, 2025, after days of violence between Druze militias and Bedouin tribes that drew in government forces and prompted Israeli strikes on the capital, Damascus, as a warning to pull back from Druze areas. The United States helped broker the latest agreement, fearing a spillover of violence to other parts of Syria.

    The conflict’s quick escalation brings to the fore multiple layers of politics and identity in the region – particularly among the Druze, who form an important minority in several countries and make up about 2% of Israel’s population. As a historian of the Middle East, I have researched Druze cross-border communal ties and followed closely their predicaments since the start of the Syrian civil war in March 2011.

    Bedouin fighters deploy in Mazraa village on the outskirts of Sweida, as smoke rises from clashes with Druze militias, on July 18, 2025.
    AP Photo/Ghaith Alsayed

    Cross-border brotherhood

    The Druze are a monotheistic religious community that split from a branch of Shiite Islam in the 11th century. Today, they live mainly in three countries: Lebanon, Syria and Israel, with a small presence in northern Jordan.

    Despite their geographical dispersion, they have managed to retain a strong sense of communal identity. One of the most important creeds of their faith is “protection of brothers of the faith.”

    Another article of faith that helps to buttress shared communal solidarity is belief in reincarnation: that with physical death, the soul is transferred to the body of a newly born Druze.

    Although Druze history shows that the community is not always united, the belief in and practice of cross-border solidarity is very strong. According to their popular saying, “the Druze are like a copper tray. Wherever you hit it, the whole tray reverberates.”

    National identity

    After World War I, the creation of the modern states in the Middle East divided the Druze community between Syria, Lebanon and the British mandate of Palestine, which is now Israel.

    A young member of the Druze community in the Golan Heights waves to Syrian Druze clerics while they cross the border back to Syria on March 15, 2025.
    AP Photo/Leo Correa

    In Israel, they have largely integrated into the Jewish state. Like Jewish citizens, Druze men are required to serve in the military, and many have attained leadership positions in the security sector and politics.

    A popular cliché has developed about their “blood oath” with the Jewish state. In a July 15 statement, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Defense Minister Israel Katz cited Israel’s “deep covenant of blood with our Druze citizens” and their connections to Druze in Syria.

    Their integration has been marred by discrimination, a prime example of which is the 2018 law that defines Israel as the nation-state for Jews. Still, many retain a strong sense of Israeli identity that sets them apart from Arab Palestinian citizens of Israel.

    An additional Druze community lives in the Golan Heights, territory that Israel seized from Syria in 1967 and has occupied since. Most Druze there declined to receive Israeli citizenship, and remained loyal to Syria until the outbreak of the civil war there. Since then, there has been a notable change in their relationship with Israel, marked by increased numbers who have acquired Israeli citizenship.

    Druze communities elsewhere in the region have also adopted aspects of their countries’ culture, including Arab nationalism and Syrian or Lebanese national sentiments. Still, cross-border solidarity among Druze has remained strong – and often resurfaced in times of crisis.

    War in Syria

    When the Syrian civil war erupted in March 2011, Syrian Druze were targeted at times by both the Assad regime, which pressured them to support it, and by Islamist rebel groups that regarded them as infidels. The Druze straddled a fine line throughout the war, seeking, not always successfully, to be left on their own.

    In 2015, that tension came to a boiling point. Druze regions throughout Syria became sites of military confrontations, involving Druze militias, the Syrian army and opposition fighters.

    Israeli Druze organized mass rallies in support of their brothers in Syria and called on the Israeli government to intervene. Israel, in turn, protected Syrian Druze villages close to its border with Syria in the Golan Heights. The Israeli government covertly supported Druze areas deeper in Syria, and sent clear messages to combatants on all sides not to harm the Druze.

    Since the fall of the Assad regime in Damascus in December 2024, Ahmad al-Sharaa, the new Syrian leader, has attempted to bring divided and ruined Syria together under his authority.

    However, religious and ethnic minorities have been highly suspicious of the new government. Many of its members hail from al-Sharaa’s own militia during the civil war, Hayat Tahrir al Sham, which targeted religious minorities and enforced its own interpretation of Islam on the population under its control.

    Spiraling crisis

    The most recent violence took place in Mount Druze, a region in Sweida province that is home to most of the community in Syria. It was sparked by an incident where a local Bedouin band robbed and killed a Druze man. The incident quickly became a catalyst for major fighting between Druze, Bedouins and dispatched units of the Syrian army.

    Syrian government forces in Mazraa village, on the outskirts of Sweida, pass by a dead Druze militia fighter on July 14, 2025.
    AP Photo/Ghaith Alsayed

    State security forces tried to impose their authority, but in the process killed scores of Druze. They also violated Druze cultural norms by filming the forced shaving of Druze men’s mustaches, including respected religious men, and posting the clips on social media. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, more than 1,100 people have been killed in the fighting.

    The fragile agreement that the Sweida Druze signed with the new government in May, as part of the government’s efforts to solidify authority over the divided country, collapsed following these incidents.

    Befitting the saying about the reverberation of the copper tray, Israeli Druze immediately mobilized, joined by Druze in the Golan Heights. Hundreds crossed the border to Syria. Many called on the government in Jerusalem to intervene, though others were opposed.

    On July 16, the Israeli military targeted the Syrian army by striking Damascus – sending a clear threat to al-Sharaa. Israel also struck military targets in southern Syria.

    Later that day, the Syrian government reached a ceasefire agreement with the Druze in Sweida, which collapsed soon after. On July 19, following more fighting and violence – and mediation by the United States, Turkey and Jordan – a new ceasefire was put in place, though new fighting has been reported.

    A changing Middle East

    Even before these recent incidents, Israel became a key player in post-Assad Syria by occupying areas close to their shared border. Now, Israel has deepened its involvement by defending the Druze population in the country – as many Israeli Druze had hoped it would since the start of the civil war in 2011.

    Apart from supporting the Druze, Israel’s military actions are also tied to its efforts to project power amid the tectonic shifts in the Middle East since the Hamas attacks on Oct. 7, 2023. In Syria, it seeks to guarantee its influence on the reshaping of the country after civil war. Domestically, Netanyahu is interested in prolonging Israel’s state of emergency, as it extends the survival of his far-right and unpopular government. Syria provides him with another front to maintain this state of emergency.

    For many Israeli Druze, meanwhile, this still-unfolding episode constitutes another example in their history of seeking to protect their brothers in faith. Among Druze in the Middle East, they are uniquely positioned, with many serving in the region’s most powerful military.

    On July 19, Israel’s public broadcaster, Kan news, reported that 2,000 Israeli Druze, including reserve soldiers, signed a petition that said: “we are getting ready to volunteer to fight alongside our brothers in Sweida. It is our time to defend our brothers, our land and our religion.”

    Asher Kaufman does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. Amid fragile ceasefire, violence in southern Syria brings Druze communities’ complex cross-border ties to the fore – https://theconversation.com/amid-fragile-ceasefire-violence-in-southern-syria-brings-druze-communities-complex-cross-border-ties-to-the-fore-261337

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  • MIL-OSI Submissions: Dogs are helping people regulate stress even more than expected, research shows

    Source: The Conversation – USA (3) – By Kevin Morris, Research Professor of Social Work, University of Denver

    Studies show that dogs help humans cope with stress. marcoventuriniautieri/E+ via Getty Immages

    In a 2022 survey of 3,000 U.S. adults, more than one-third of respondents reported that on most days, they feel “completely overwhelmed” by stress. At the same time, a growing body of research is documenting the negative health consequences of higher stress levels, which include increased rates of cancer, heart disease, autoimmune conditions and even dementia.

    Assuming people’s daily lives are unlikely to get less stressful anytime soon, simple and effective ways to mitigate these effects are needed.

    This is where dogs can help.

    As researchers at the University of Denver’s Institute for Human-Animal Connection, we study the effects animal companions have on their humans.

    Dozens of studies over the last 40 years have confirmed that pet dogs help humans feel more relaxed. This would explain the growing phenomenon of people relying on emotional support dogs to assist them in navigating everyday life. Dog owners have also been shown to have a 24% lower risk of death and a four times greater chance of surviving for at least a year after a heart attack.

    Now, a new study that we conducted with a team of colleagues suggests that dogs might have a deeper and more biologically complex effect on humans than scientists previously believed. And this complexity may have profound implications for human health.

    How stress works

    The human response to stress is a finely tuned and coordinated set of various physiological pathways. Previous studies of the effects of dogs on human stress focused on just one pathway at a time. For our study, we zoomed out a bit and measured multiple biological indicators of the body’s state, or biomarkers, from both of the body’s major stress pathways. This allowed us to get a more complete picture of how a dog’s presence affects stress in the human body.

    The stress pathways we measured are the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, or HPA, axis and the sympathoadrenal medullary, or SAM, axis.

    When a person experiences a stressful event, the SAM axis acts quickly, triggering a “fight or flight” response that includes a surge of adrenaline, leading to a burst of energy that helps us meet threats. This response can be measured through an enzyme called alpha-amylase.

    At the same time, but a little more slowly, the HPA axis activates the adrenal glands to produce the hormone cortisol. This can help a person meet threats that might last for hours or even days. If everything goes well, when the danger ends, both axes settle down, and the body goes back to its calm state.

    While stress can be an uncomfortable feeling, it has been important to human survival. Our hunter-gatherer ancestors had to respond effectively to acute stress events like an animal attack. In such instances, over-responding could be as ineffective as under-responding. Staying in an optimal stress response zone maximized humans’ chances of survival.

    Dogs can be more helpful than human friends in coping with stressful situations.
    FG Trade/E+ via Getty Images

    More to the story

    After cortisol is released by the adrenal glands, it eventually makes its way into your saliva, making it an easily accessible biomarker to track responses. Because of this, most research on dogs and stress has focused on salivary cortisol alone.

    For example, several studies have found that people exposed to a stressful situation have a lower cortisol response if they’re with a dog than if they’re aloneeven lower than if they’re with a friend.

    While these studies have shown that having a dog nearby can lower cortisol levels during a stressful event, suggesting the person is calmer, we suspected that was just part of the story.

    What our study measured

    For our study, we recruited about 40 dog owners to participate in a 15-minute gold standard laboratory stress test. This involves public speaking and oral math in front of a panel of expressionless people posing as behavioral specialists.

    The participants were randomly assigned to bring their dogs to the lab with them or to leave their dogs at home. We measured cortisol in blood samples taken before, immediately after and about 45 minutes following the test as a biomarker of HPA axis activity. And unlike previous studies, we also measured the enzyme alpha-amylase in the same blood samples as a biomarker of the SAM axis.

    As expected based on previous studies, the people who had their dog with them showed lower cortisol spikes. But we also found that people with their dog experienced a clear spike of alpha-amylase, while those without their dog showed almost no response.

    No response may sound like a good thing, but in fact, a flat alpha-amylase response can be a sign of a dysregulated response to stress, often seen in people experiencing high stress responses, chronic stress or even PTSD. This lack of response is caused by chronic or overwhelming stress that can change how our nervous system responds to stressors.

    In contrast, the participants with their dogs had a more balanced response: Their cortisol didn’t spike too high, but their alpha-amylase still activated. This shows that they were alert and engaged throughout the test, then able to return to normal within 45 minutes. That’s the sweet spot for handling stress effectively. Our research suggests that our canine companions keep us in a healthy zone of stress response.

    Having a dog benefits humans’ physical and psychological health.

    Dogs and human health

    This more nuanced understanding of the biological effects of dogs on the human stress response opens up exciting possibilities. Based on the results of our study, our team has begun a new study using thousands of biomarkers to delve deeper into the biology of how psychiatric service dogs reduce PTSD in military veterans.

    But one thing is already clear: Dogs aren’t just good company. They might just be one of the most accessible and effective tools for staying healthy in a stressful world.

    Kevin Morris receives funding for this research from the Morris Animal Foundation, the Human-Animal Bond Research Institute, and the University of Denver.

    Jaci Gandenberger receives funding from the University of Denver to support this research.

    ref. Dogs are helping people regulate stress even more than expected, research shows – https://theconversation.com/dogs-are-helping-people-regulate-stress-even-more-than-expected-research-shows-254563

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  • MIL-OSI Submissions: How mothers supporting mothers can help fill the health care worker shortage gap and other barriers to care

    Source: The Conversation – USA (3) – By Sona Dimidjian, Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder

    For generations, women have relied on informal networks of friends, family and neighbors to navigate the complexities of birth and motherhood. Today, research is finally catching up to what generations of women have known: Peer support can be a lifeline.

    Despite growing evidence, the unique wisdom and strength that arise when mothers help mothers has been surprisingly under‑explored in the scientific literature, but that’s beginning to change. Peer-delivered programs are beginning to bring together long-standing community traditions and structured, evidence-based approaches to support the mental health of new and expectant moms.

    We are clinical psychologists at the University of Colorado Boulder Renée Crown Wellness Institute. Our work and research weaves together psychological science and the wisdom of mothers supporting mothers. Our program, Alma, supports women in restoring well-being in ways that are community-rooted, evidence-based and scalable.

    Pressure on parents

    Nearly 50% of parents report feeling overwhelmed by stress on most days. An even larger share, about 65%, experience feelings of loneliness, according to a 2024 report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. These feelings hit mothers especially hard, the report says.

    Many mothers report experiencing depression during pregnancy, which is one of th emost common complications of childbirth.
    kieferpix/GettyImages

    In 2025, mothers in the United States continue to shoulder most of the caregiving of children while also managing work, personal health and household responsibilities. The transition to motherhood is often marked by emotional and psychological strain. In fact, 10% to 20% of women experience depression during pregnancy, the postpartum period or both. Depression is one of the most common complications of childbirth. A similar number of women also face significant anxiety.

    In many communities, mental health resources are scarce and stigma around mental health issues persists; therefore, many mothers are left to navigate such challenges alone and in silence. Antidepressants are widely prescribed, but research suggests that many women stop using antidepressants during pregnancy – yet they don’t start therapy or an alternative treatment instead.

    Psychotherapy is the most preferred care option among new and expectant mothers, but it is often inaccessible or nonexistent. This is due in part to a workforce shortage of mental health providers.

    The shortage has contributed to long wait times, geographic disparities and cultural and language barriers between providers and patients. This is especially true for underserved populations. In fact, more than 75% of depressed mothers do not receive the care they need.

    Science of peer support

    The science of peer support is part of a larger field exploring community health workers as one way to address the shortage of mental health providers. Peer mentors are trusted individuals from the community who share common experiences or challenges with those they serve. Through specialized training, they are equipped to deliver education, offer mental health support and connect people with needed resources.

    A study that analyzed 30 randomized clinical trials involving individuals with serious mental illness found that peer support was associated with significant improvements in clinical outcomes and personal recovery. Researchers have proposed that peer support creates space for learning and healing, especially when peers share lived experience, culture and language.

    As clinical psychologists, we heard from mothers in our work and communities that wanted to help other moms recover from depression, navigate the challenges of motherhood and avoid feeling alone. This insight led us to co-create Alma, a peer-led mental health program based on behavioral activation.

    Behavioral activation is a proven method for treating depression based on decades of randomized clinical trials, including in new and expectant mothers. It helps new and expectant mothers reengage in meaningful activities to improve mood and functioning.

    The Alma program

    Alma is based on the principle that depression must be understood in context and that changing what you do can change how you feel. One strategy we use is to help a mother identify an activity that brings a sense of accomplishment, connection or enjoyment – and then take small steps to schedule that activity. Mothers might also be guided on ways to ask for help and strengthen their support networks. Alma is offered in English and Spanish.

    Peer mentors typically meet with moms once a week for six to eight sessions. Sessions can take place in person or virtually, allowing flexibility that honors each family’s needs. Traditionally, peer mentors have been recruited through long-standing relationships with trusted community organizations and word-of-mouth referrals. This approach has helped ensure that mentors are deeply rooted in the communities they serve. Alma peer mentors are compensated for their time, which recognizes the value of their lived expertise, their training and the work involved in providing peer mentoring and support.

    “This was the first time I felt like someone understood me, without me having to explain everything,” shared one mother during a post-program interview that all participants complete after finishing Alma.

    To date, more than 700 mothers in Colorado have participated in Alma. In one of our studies, we focused on 126 Spanish-speaking Latina mothers who often face significant barriers to care, such as language differences, cost and stigma. For nearly 2 out of 3 mothers, symptoms of depression decreased enough to be considered a true, measurable recovery — not just a small change.

    Notably, most of the depression improvement occurred within the first three Alma meetings. We also observed that peer mentors delivered the Alma program consistently and as intended. This suggests the program could be reliably expanded and replicated in other settings with similar positive outcomes.

    A second study, conducted through a national survey of Spanish-speaking Latina new and expectant mothers, found that peer-led mental health support was not only perceived as effective, but also highly acceptable and deeply valued. Mothers noted that they were interested in peer-led support because it met them where they were: with language, trust and cultural understanding.

    Supporting mothers works

    Supporting mothers’ mental health is essential because it directly benefits both mothers and their children. Those improvements foster healthier emotional, cognitive and social development in their children. This interconnected impact highlights why investing in maternal mental health yields lasting benefits for the entire family.

    It also makes strong economic sense to address mood and anxiety disorders among new and expectant mothers, which cost an estimated US$32,000 for each mother and child from conception through five years postpartum. More than half of those costs occur within the first year, driven primarily by productivity losses, preterm births and increased maternal health care needs.

    Beyond the impact on individual families, the broader economic toll of untreated mood and anxiety disorders among new and expectant mothers is substantial. For example, it’s estimated that $4.7 billion a year are lost to mothers who have to miss work or reduce their job performance because of symptoms like fatigue, anxiety and depression.

    Together – as individuals, families, communities and institutions – we can cultivate a world where the challenges of parenting are met with comprehensive support, allowing the joy of parenting to be fully realized. Because no one should have to do this alone.

    Read more of our stories about Colorado.

    Sona Dimidjian reports funding from philanthropic foundations and the National Institute of Health, and founding and receiving revenue from Mindful Noggin, Inc. and Access Consulting, LLC.

    Anahi Collado reports receiving funding from philanthropic foundations.

    ref. How mothers supporting mothers can help fill the health care worker shortage gap and other barriers to care – https://theconversation.com/how-mothers-supporting-mothers-can-help-fill-the-health-care-worker-shortage-gap-and-other-barriers-to-care-257520

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  • MIL-OSI Submissions: Filipino sailors dock in Mexico … and help invent tequila?

    Source: The Conversation – USA (2) – By Stephen Acabado, Professor of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles

    Bottles of tequila now command premium prices in trendy bars. On Instagram, celebrity-backed brands of the agave-based Mexican spirit jostle for attention. And debates over cultural appropriation and agave sustainability swirl alongside booming tourism in Jalisco, the western Mexican state that serves as the world’s tequila distillation hub.

    But behind the spirit’s flash of marketing and growing popularity lies a rarely asked question: Where did the knowledge to distill agave come from in the first place?

    In recent years, scholars studying how Indigenous communities responded to colonialism and global trade networks have begun to look more closely at the Pacific world. One key focus is the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade route, which linked Asia and the Americas for 250 years, from 1565 to 1815.

    The Manila-Acapulco galleon trade route.
    Jesse Nett/Oregon Encylopedia

    After Spain colonized the Philippines in 1565, Spanish galleons – towering, multidecked sailing ships – carried Chinese silk and Mexican silver across the ocean. But far more than goods traveled aboard those ships. They moved people, ideas and technologies.

    Among them was the craft of distillation.

    This overlooked connection may help explain how distilled agave spirits such as tequila came into being. While tequila is unmistakably a Mexican creation, the techniques used to produce it may owe something to Filipino sailors, who brought with them deep knowledge of transforming coconut sap into a potent spirit known as lambanog.

    3 competing theories

    For centuries, the rise of tequila has been credited to the Spanish. After the conquest of Mexico in the 16th century, colonizers introduced alembic stills, which are based on Moorish and Arabic technology. Unlike simple boiling, distillation requires managing heat and capturing purified vapor. These stills represented a major technological leap, allowing people to transform fermented drinks into distilled spirits.

    Agave, long used to make the fermented drink pulque, soon became the base for something new: tequila and mezcal.

    Colonial records, including the “Relaciones Geográficas,” a massive data-gathering project initiated by the Spanish Crown in the late 16th century, describe local Mesoamerican communities learning distillation from Spanish settlers. This version is well documented. But it assumes that technology moved in only one direction, from Europe to the Americas.

    A second idea suggests that Mesoamerican communities already had some understanding of vapor condensation. Archaeologists have found ceramic vessels in western Mexico that may have been used to capture steam. While distillation requires additional steps, this prior knowledge may have primed Indigenous groups to more readily adopt new techniques.

    As Mexican ethnobotanists Patricia Colunga-GarcíaMarín and Daniel Zizumbo-Villarreal have argued, “The adoption of distillation was likely not simply imposed, but creatively adapted to local knowledge systems.”

    A third perspective, which other researchers and I are exploring, traces a potential Filipino influence. The galleon trade brought thousands of Filipino sailors and laborers to Mexico, particularly along the Pacific coast. In places such as Guerrero, Colima and Jalisco, Filipino migrants introduced methods for fermenting and distilling coconut sap into lambanog, the coconut-based spirit.

    The stills they used, sometimes called Mongolian stills, were built with clay and bamboo and included a condensation bowl. Historian Pablo Guzman-Rivas has noted that these stills more closely resemble the earliest Mexican agave distillation setups than European alembics. He has also documented oral traditions in some coastal Mexican communities to link local distillation practices to their Filipino ancestors.

    The still on the left in Jalisco, Mexico, has similarities to the lambanog on the right from Infanta, Quezon, Philippines.
    Photo on left courtesy of Patricia Colunga-GarcíaMarín and Daniel Zizumbo-Villarreal; photo on right courtesy of Sherry Ann Angeles and Rading Coronacion, CC BY-SA

    Beyond the bottle

    Filipino influence extends beyond the distilling pot.

    In Colima and other Pacific port towns, traces of the Manila galleon trade ripple through daily life – in kitchens, cantinas and even in architecture. The word “palapa,” used in Mexico and Central America today to describe rustic thatched roofs, is exactly the same as the term for coconut fronds that’s primarily used in the Bicol Region of the Philippines.

    Filipino migrants in Mexico also shared knowledge of boatbuilding, fermentation and food preservation. Coconut vinegar, fish sauce and palm sugar-based condiments became part of Mexican cuisine. One of the most enduring legacies is tuba, the fermented coconut sap still popular in coastal areas of the Mexican state of Guerrero, where Filipino sailors once settled. Known locally by the same name, tuba is sold in markets and along roadsides, often enjoyed as a refreshing drink or as a cooking ingredient.

    A replica of a galleon, the Spanish trading ship that traversed the world’s oceans from the 16th century to the 18th century.
    Dennis Jarvis/flickr, CC BY-SA

    Exchange moved both ways. Filipino vessels carried corn, peanuts, sweet potatoes and cacao back across the Pacific, reshaping food in the Philippines. These exchanges took place under the shadow of colonialism and forced labor, but their legacies endure in language, in taste and even in the roofs over people’s heads.

    Technical knowledge rarely travels through official channels alone. It moves with cooks in ship galleys, with carpenters below deck, with laborers who desert ships to settle in unfamiliar ports. Sometimes it was a way to build a roof or preserve a flavor. Other times, it was a method for turning a fermented plant into a spirit that could keep for long voyages. And by the early 1600s, new types of distilled agave spirits were being made in Mexico.

    Tequila is unmistakably a product of Mexico. But it is also a product of movement. Whether Filipino migrants directly introduced distillation methods or whether they emerged from a mix of Indigenous experimentation and European tools, every time you sip tequila, you’re tasting an echo of those long ocean crossings from many centuries ago.

    Stephen Acabado receives funding from the Henry Luce Foundation and the National Science Foundation.

    ref. Filipino sailors dock in Mexico … and help invent tequila? – https://theconversation.com/filipino-sailors-dock-in-mexico-and-help-invent-tequila-258166

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  • MIL-OSI Security: Foreign National Sentenced for Conspiring to Export U.S.-Made Drill Rigs to Iran in Violation of U.S. Sanctions Laws

    Source: United States Department of Justice Criminal Division

    Brian Assi, also known as Brahim Assi, 63, of Beirut, Lebanon, was sentenced to 44 months in prison for conspiring to violate the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) and the Iranian Transactions and Sanctions Regulations (ITSR), attempted unlawful export of goods from the United States to Iran without a license, attempted smuggling goods from the United States, submitting false or misleading export information, and conspiracy to commit money laundering.

    “The defendant conspired to export millions of dollars of U.S.-made heavy machinery to Iran, a leading state sponsor of terrorism,” said John A. Eisenberg, Assistant Attorney General for National Security. “The National Security Division will find and prosecute those who illegally sell American products to our adversaries.”

    “The defendant threatened U.S. economic and national security by conspiring and concealing his efforts to circumvent our export controls to provide heavy machinery to Iran, a designated state sponsor of terrorism for the past 40 years,” said U.S. Attorney John P. Heckin for the Northern District of Florida. “My office will continue to aggressively pursue anyone who violates our laws and offers material support to America’s enemies.”

    Assi was convicted of the charges in October 2024. According to evidence presented at trial, Assi was a Middle East-based salesman of a multinational heavy machinery manufacturer with a U.S.-based subsidiary and production plant located in Alachua, Florida. Assi conspired with individuals affiliated with Sakht Abzar Pars Co. (SAP-Iran), based in Tehran, Iran, to export U.S.-made heavy machinery indirectly to Iran without first obtaining the required licenses from the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC).

    Assi and his Iranian co-conspirators orchestrated the scheme by locating an Iraq-based distributor to serve as the forward-facing purchaser of two U.S.-origin blasthole drills from the U.S. subsidiary of Assi’s employer. The drills are a type of heavy machinery used to create holes in the ground that are then filled with controlled explosives for mining.

    Assi facilitated the sale of the drills and attempted export them to Iran and used freight forwarding companies to ship the heavy equipment from the U.S. to Turkey. In doing so, Assi concealed any Iranian involvement in the transaction from his employer, claiming the drills were ultimately destined for use in Iraq. But in truth, Assi intended for his Iranian co-conspirators to transship or reexport those items from Turkey to Iran, in circumvention of the U.S. export control and sanction laws.

    In furtherance of the conspiracy, Assi concealed his activities with his Iranian co-conspirators by causing false information to be entered into the Automated Export System (AES), a U.S.-government database containing information about exports from the United States. The U.S.-based plant hired a U.S. freight forwarder to arrange the drill’s export from the U.S. to Iraq. As part of the shipping process, the freight forwarder submitted information to AES about the shipment, including the ultimate consignee’s name and the ultimate delivery destination. Assi misled his employer by claiming that the Iraqi distributor was the ultimate consignee, and that the ultimate delivery destination was Iraq. In fact, Assi knew that his co-conspirators in Iran were the true intended recipients, and Iran was the ultimate intended delivery destination.

    In furtherance of the illicit transaction, Assi and his co-conspirators caused the transfer of approximately $2.7 million from Turkey to pass through the United States.

    The Commerce Department Bureau of Industry and Security’s Office of Export Enforcement investigated the case.

    Assistant U.S. Attorneys Andrew J. Grogan and Harley W. Ferguson for the Northern District of Florida and Trial Attorney Ahmed Almudallal of the National Security Division’s Counterintelligence and Export Control Section prosecuted the case.

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