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Category: Science

  • MIL-OSI Russia: ​Chinese-Russian Zoomer Couple ‘Discover New World’ Through Video Camera Lens

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: People’s Republic of China in Russian – People’s Republic of China in Russian –

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    Experience the “atmosphere of old Shanghai” in Shanghai’s hutongs, study Huangmei opera dressed in hanfu in Anhui Province, and get to know the pottery culture in Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province… Sasha (Alexandra Antonenko), a Russian zoomer, studies Chinese customs and traditions and posts her impressions through the lens of her camera on her social media account, “Doctor of Sciences Alexandra.”

    Having appeared on social media two years ago, the doctoral student of Shanghai Jiaotong University has become a “super popular blogger”, and her “hits”: “Everyday Life of a Chinese-Russian Family”, “How Much Do You Know About Russia?”, “Sasha Learns Chinese” and other videos have won numerous awards. In 2023, her work won first place in the short video competition “Generation Z Sings About China – The History of Shanghai”; and in 2024, she was recognized as one of the best in the 6th International Short Video Competition “A Look at China from the Outside”.

    “Social networks create our world in “real time”, many of my foreign friends are interested in how I live in China, so I came up with the idea to show my daily life, culture and local cuisine through video. So I hope to build a cultural bridge between China, Russia and the whole world through the camera,” Sasha told the ChinaNews internet portal in an exclusive interview why she decided to make short videos.

    The fact that Sasha became a “star blogger” is largely due to the “behind-the-scenes” support of her husband Zhao Yiwei. In 2022, Sasha, who at that time had only lived in China for a month, met Zhao Yiwei in a coffee shop, gradually, thanks to many common interests, they discover each other’s spiritual world – this is how a love story begins that knows no boundaries. Over three years, they visited more than 20 cities in China, tried dishes from different regions, visited great mountains, saw great rivers … The videos that Sasha filmed during her trips made her family in Russia and fans from all over the world exclaim: “It turns out that China is not only skyscrapers!”

    Her video “How to be safe in China” has gone viral abroad in particular. In this video, Sasha walks alone along the night streets of Shanghai and has friendly conversations with passersby who give her the warmth and ease of this city. “Many people are getting to know China again through many real stories like ours, this is the main purpose of why we make such videos and their value, and this motivates us to continue this work,” said Zhao Yiwei.

    In February 2025, Sasha and Zhao Yiwei registered their marriage in China.

    Like many multinational couples, they have encountered cultural contradictions during their life together, but their openness and willingness to learn from each other always allow them to find quick solutions to problems. In the future, Sasha dreams of combining scientific work and filming videos. She is diligently studying Chinese and plans to conduct research on China’s foreign policy in order to create a more professional platform for cultural communication that will help those who are interested. And Zhao Yiwei emphasized that it is important not only to read a lot of books, but also to travel ten thousand li, he does not want to engage in superficial propaganda, but hopes to build a “cultural bridge” for communication step by step, brick by brick.

    In February 2025, the “cross-border love story” ended happily: Sasha and Zhao Yiwei registered their marriage in China, and in May they plan to hold a wedding with elements of Chinese and Russian styles. On their social media accounts, they received many comments from fans wishing them “eternal love”, which prompted them to continue filming videos.

    “Cultural differences are not a barrier, but a key that opens a new world, I am sure that our story is just beginning,” says Sasha.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Russian Sinologist: Building Language Bridges to Chinese Culture

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: People’s Republic of China in Russian – People’s Republic of China in Russian –

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    At the invitation of Russian President Vladimir Putin, Chinese President Xi Jinping will pay a state visit to Russia from May 7 to 10 and take part in the celebrations in Moscow dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. Russian sinologist, director of the Confucius Institute at the Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH) Taras Ivchenko (Chinese name – Yi Fucheng) is looking forward to this event with great interest.

    “To deepen cooperation between countries, we must first build a bridge of communication, and language is such a bridge,” Yi Fucheng said figuratively in an exclusive interview with Zhongxin News Agency, speaking about the importance of teaching Chinese for humanitarian exchanges between the two countries. “Our task is to make this bridge even stronger and more reliable.”

    As the director of the first Confucius Institute in Moscow, Yi Fucheng has witnessed the entire process of its development since its founding in 2007. He said that at RSUH, about 400 students study Chinese in various departments, including such specialties as philosophy, linguistics, international relations, political science, cultural studies, and others. In his teaching practice, Yi Fucheng always pays attention to how to help students truly understand the culture behind the Chinese language.

    “It is not enough for cultural promoters to simply talk about China. They cannot limit themselves to talking about dumplings, calligraphy, or poetry from the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) dynasties. They must explain the culinary traditions, aesthetic tastes, and deep meanings of poetry behind them. Only in this way can the charm of culture be truly revealed,” Yi Fucheng emphasized.

    In September 2023, the first Orchid Award ceremony was held in Beijing, where Yi Fucheng was awarded the Friendship Ambassador Award. The award is a recognition of his long-standing efforts to promote cultural exchanges between China and Russia, as well as a reflection of his love for the Chinese language.

    Today, more and more young Russians are “discovering” the world of Chinese through social media. Short videos and real-time comments make communication between the youth of the two countries more intense. And Fucheng is happy about this: “Expanding exchange is good.” However, he also reminds that language learning should delve into the culture itself.

    In his classes, he tries to instill this in-depth approach in his students. Not only does he encourage them to participate in cultural activities, but he also recommends books with philosophical depth. “For example, Qian Mu’s Public Lectures on Chinese Thought or Feng Youlan’s A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy. I often suggest that students try reading them, although they say it’s difficult,” he smiles. “But I always tell them, ‘If you get down to it, difficult things will become easy.’ The more difficult it is, the more interesting and valuable it is to learn.” In his opinion, interest is the starting point in learning a language, but only a constant desire for knowledge allows a person to move forward.

    In addition to traditional culture, Yi Fucheng emphasizes the importance of understanding modern China. Speeches by Chinese leaders and government reports are required reading in his classes. “You need to learn to feel the precision of expression and the way of thinking of the country’s political language hidden behind the words.”

    In March 2013, during President Xi Jinping’s visit to Russia, a meeting was held with Russian sinologists, students studying Chinese, and media representatives. Yi Fucheng was invited to the meeting and acted as one of the representatives. He still remembers the event well.

    As a Sinologist, Yi Fucheng hopes that in the future the two countries can deepen cooperation in education and people-to-people exchanges by implementing more educational projects.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Russian officials: Chairman Xi Jinping’s visit will give new impetus to bilateral relations

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: People’s Republic of China in Russian – People’s Republic of China in Russian –

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    At the invitation of Russian President Vladimir Putin, Chinese President Xi Jinping will pay a state visit to Russia from May 7 to 10 and take part in the ceremonial events in Moscow dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. Russian representatives are confident that this visit is of great importance, demonstrates the high level of trust and mutual support between the two countries, and will contribute to the further development of Russian-Chinese relations.

    As reported by the TASS news agency on May 7, the Chairperson of the Federation Council Valentina Matviyenko emphasized that the state visit of Chairman Xi Jinping to Russia and his participation in the celebration of the 80th anniversary of Victory have “important historical significance.”

    Matviyenko noted that some countries are trying to distort the historical memory of the victory over fascism and militarism, and Russia and China are jointly opposing these attempts, playing a decisive role in preserving the historical truth for future generations.

    On May 6, Russian presidential aide Yuri Ushakov told RIA Novosti, TASS and other leading Russian media outlets that Russian-Chinese relations were at an “unprecedentedly high level” and both sides viewed them as “an example of genuine relations between great powers.” He stressed that President Xi Jinping’s visit was of particular importance and would contribute to the further development of bilateral relations based on “complete mutual trust, equality, mutual benefit and non-targeting of third countries.”

    Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova said at a briefing on May 6 that Chairman Xi Jinping’s state visit to Russia and his participation in the celebration of the 80th anniversary of Victory “once again confirm the unprecedentedly high level of trust, mutual understanding and support that characterizes current Russian-Chinese relations.”

    Zakharova added that Russian-Chinese relations “are comprehensive in nature, are constantly enriched with new constructive content, meet the fundamental interests of the peoples of both countries and enjoy their comprehensive support.” According to her, under the leadership of the leaders of the two countries, Russian-Chinese cooperation will develop steadily in the long term.

    Zakharova also noted that Russia and China are committed to protecting international justice, promoting the central role of the UN, and building a truly equal and fair multipolar world order at various multilateral venues.

    Director of the Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences Kirill Babayev expressed confidence in an interview with the Xinhua news agency that Russian-Chinese cooperation will maintain its positive dynamics, becoming a global example of mutually beneficial cooperation between great powers in all areas. Deputy Director of the IMEMO RAS Alexander Lomanov noted that the level of political trust, close ties and deep mutual understanding between Russia and China are unique in relations between the world’s largest powers.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Barr, Artificial Intelligence and the Labor Market: A Scenario-Based Approach

    Source: US State of New York Federal Reserve

    Thank you for the opportunity to speak to you today.1 In my remarks, I would like to address a key question facing economists, policymakers, and people all over the world: How will artificial intelligence, particularly generative artificial intelligence, or GenAI, affect workers and the labor market in the years ahead?
    Before I turn to that issue, I’d like to touch on a topic that I expect is also of interest: the outlook for the U.S. economy and the implications for monetary policy.
    The U.S. economy entered this quarter in a relatively strong position: The unemployment rate has been low and stable, and the disinflationary process has continued on a gradual, albeit uneven, path towards our 2 percent objective. Private domestic final purchases have been solid. Overall, the economy has been resilient.
    Against that backdrop, the outlook has been clouded by trade policies that have led to an increase in uncertainty, contributing to declines in measures of consumer and business sentiment. I expect tariffs to lead to higher inflation in the United States and lower growth both in the United States and abroad starting later this year.
    In my view, higher tariffs could lead to disruption to global supply chains and create persistent upward pressure on inflation. Faced with substantial tariffs, businesses will likely change how they source intermediate inputs, and it will take time and investment for them to reroute their distribution networks. Conversely, global trade networks may change rapidly, and some suppliers may not be able to adapt quickly enough to survive these changes. This concern is particularly acute for small businesses, which are less diversified, less able to access credit, and hence more vulnerable to adverse shocks. Small businesses play a vital role in production networks, often providing specialized inputs that can’t easily be sourced elsewhere, and business failures could further disrupt supply chains. As we saw during the pandemic, such disruptions can have large and lasting effects on prices, as well as output.
    I am equally concerned that tariffs will lead to higher unemployment as the economy slows. Thus, the FOMC may be in a difficult position if we were to see both rising inflation and rising unemployment.
    The size and scope of the recent tariff increases are without modern precedent, we don’t know their final form, and it is too soon to know how they will affect the economy. Yet given the economy’s strong starting point and the progress we have made in bringing inflation back toward our 2 percent objective, monetary policy is in a good position to adjust as conditions unfold. Meanwhile, we will also be closely monitoring how technologies like artificial intelligence are being integrated into economic activity and analyzing the implications for how the economy will evolve.
    Let me now return to the longer-term question of how AI will affect the labor market. Debate about machines replacing workers is nothing new, and even artificial intelligence is not particularly new either. AI has, in some form, arguably been around for decades. Computer scientists have been developing machine learning algorithms for many years, and these algorithms have been widely used in commercial applications, such as fraud detection and advertising. Speech and facial recognition are already ubiquitous. These more long-standing forms of AI are continuing to improve, driving progress in domains ranging from finance to medical diagnosis, and becoming so deeply embedded in our daily lives that we scarcely notice them anymore.
    But GenAI promises to go much further. Unlike traditional machine learning techniques, which often focus on relatively simple prediction and classification tasks, the large language models that have emerged in recent years can generate new content—anything from news articles to computer code to images and video to customer service dialogue. Emerging forms of “agentic” AI can undertake complex, multistep tasks—for example, taking a customer through a transaction and then placing an automated order. As AI continues to develop, it will increasingly be combined with physical technologies like autonomous vehicles and advanced robotics, further extending its ability to interact with the real world. And AI may be shaping up to become what the esteemed economist Zvi Griliches called an “invention of a method of inventing” that speeds up the research and development process itself.2
    Growing evidence indicates that AI will be a “general purpose technology”—such as railroads, electricity, or computers—which is characterized by widespread adoption, complementary progress in many downstream applications, and ongoing improvement in the core technology.3 Past general purpose technologies have dramatically improved productivity. So, against this background, the natural question is, what about AI?
    In trying to understand how AI might transform work, it’s useful to consider how it could be applied in individual occupations, each of which comprises a range of tasks that vary in their susceptibility to automation. Like past waves of information technology, AI will substitute for human labor in some tasks, complement human labor in other tasks, and spur the creation of new tasks that humans will perform, at least initially.4 The net effects of AI on employment, both in the aggregate and across demographic and education groups, will depend on the relative size of these offsetting effects.
    A pessimistic view is that AI and robotics could become so capable and cost effective as to render most human labor obsolete, culminating in mass unemployment. Such concerns about technological advances are hardly a novel development. At least since the Luddites of the early 19th century tried to disable textile looms, people have feared that machines would bring about steep declines in employment, wages, and human welfare.5
    Economists have long been skeptical of that view, which suffers from the “lump of labor fallacy”—the presumption that there’s a fixed amount of work to be done, so if machines do it, humans will not.6 New technologies do eliminate some existing occupations, and not all workers benefit from technological change. But technology also creates new occupations, and the many waves of technological advances over the centuries haven’t rendered humans obsolete. For example, many of the tasks that were performed by humans in the 1950s are now performed by computers and robots, and yet the unemployment rate is similar to what it was back then, while the labor force participation rate is higher overall.
    However, the amazing potential capabilities and breadth of applications associated with AI—many of which are already apparent—make it worth asking whether this time may be different. AI holds enormous promise of faster economic growth, advances in human health, and a higher standard of living. But alongside the kinds of labor market disruptions seen in past episodes of revolutionary technological change, we will need to consider the possibility of more sweeping changes in the way we work.
    A Scenario ApproachIn a previous speech, I outlined two hypothetical scenarios describing how AI could evolve.7 In the first scenario, we see only incremental adoption that primarily augments what humans do today but still leads to significant and widespread productivity gains. In the second scenario, we see profound change, in which we extend human capabilities with far-reaching consequences.
    Today, I will apply the same approach to analyze the potential effects of AI on the labor market. Of course, there is tremendous uncertainty about how AI will evolve and how it will affect the economy, as well as society more broadly. Amid this uncertainty, a scenario-based approach can give us a framework for thinking about the potential effects of AI on employment, real wages, and productivity, as well as for considering the possible role that government could play in influencing this transition.
    Scenario 1: Incremental ProgressLet’s start with the “gradual” scenario, in which new AI technologies are adopted at a brisk, but not a breathless, pace or advance quickly at first and then plateau—perhaps because of constraints imposed by computing resources, the exhaustion of novel training data, and rising energy consumption.
    Under this scenario, AI primarily operates by automating some—but not all—tasks within many occupations. We’ve seen some of this task substitution happen already: Computer programmers rely on AI copilots to write code, allowing them to focus on higher-level tasks, while customer support agents can use chatbots to improve and expedite their responses.8 Lawyers draw on GenAI to conduct legal research, while AI-powered safety features improve the performance of human automobile drivers.
    Under this scenario, as foundational models improve, novel use cases are discovered, and businesses continue to integrate AI into their operations, more and more occupations will be affected, and many jobs will use AI tools more intensively. As these technologies improve, even incremental change may allow AI to become accurate and cheap enough to replace some occupations altogether. It’s hard to make predictions at this stage. But a plausible conjecture is that we could see, for example, fewer human programmers, lawyers, or commercial drivers. At the same time, most current occupations would persist in this scenario—albeit in modified and more productive forms.
    Beyond existing occupations, general purpose technologies also encourage the creation of new occupations, fueled by new products and novel ways of doing business. It’s difficult to envision the novel jobs that will replace the ones we might lose to an incremental AI scenario. But one possibility is that the future could bring us managers of AI agents, specialists in human–AI collaboration, ethicists, safety experts, and large numbers of people involved in adopting, maintaining, and educating about AI tools. Technology, and how we use a particular innovation, evolves in unpredictable ways, and we should expect to be surprised.
    Under this scenario, jobs remain plentiful, real wages are buoyed by productivity gains, and employment and labor force participation remain high and could even rise, if strong wage growth entices new labor market entrants and if improvements in health care increase work capacity among older or disabled individuals. If the widespread adoption of AI proceeds gradually, then workers will have time to adjust, reducing the disruption to the labor market—though, as with previous general purpose technologies, AI would likely imply that some groups of workers experience a painful process of dislocation and transition.
    Retraining could help here. A recent survey carried out by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York found that many businesses plan to retrain their workers to use AI rather than laying them off.9 In some cases, AI may disrupt career ladders by automating many entry-level tasks—such as reviewing legal documents or drafting code—that were historically performed by early-career workers. But if labor demand changes slowly enough, students and workers are more likely to have time to predict which skills will be marketable and to make and recoup human capital investments before their skills become obsolete.
    What about the effect of AI on inequality? Some research suggests that GenAI may help less-productive workers catch up to their more-productive peers.10 That said, the AI economy will likely put a premium on digital skills, facility with new technologies, and adaptability. The precedent of the computer revolution suggests that highly educated workers may benefit most, boosting wage inequality—a phenomenon called “skill-biased technological change.”11 Another possibility is that the labor share of income could decline, if capital owners benefit more than wage earners—for example, because the gains accruing from AI adoption go to large, highly capitalized firms whose technical capabilities, consumer networks, and training data allow them to develop state-of-the-art AI techniques.
    Scenario 2: TransformationNow let’s consider an alternative scenario in which AI completely transforms the economy. As I described in my earlier speech, in this transformative scenario, humans employ AI to unleash their imagination and creativity—combined with robust investment in research and development—to make rapid breakthroughs that have the potential to improve our lives. With growth propelled by swift technological progress, society’s resources would be vastly expanded, AI would spur revolutionary advances in health, and many individuals would enjoy more time for leisure activities.
    Indeed, transformative AI could bring about a state of affairs that John Maynard Keynes famously envisioned almost a hundred years ago, one in which there are “ever larger and larger classes and groups of people from whom problems of economic necessity have been practically removed.”12 At the same time, transformative AI could imply a much smaller role for human labor—a development that would entail sweeping social changes and profound challenges for government.
    Under this scenario, AI would take over a broad range of existing jobs. As economist Anton Korinek writes, “AI systems advance toward mastering all forms of cognitive work that can be performed by humans, including new tasks that don’t even exist yet.”13 Building on developments we are already starting to see, improved chatbots and AI agents would outperform their human counterparts in activities ranging from customer support to medical diagnosis. Along similar lines, advanced robotics could increasingly substitute for human workers in manual and production jobs. Widespread automation would bring many benefits. The availability and quality of many services could increase markedly, and many less-desirable jobs—such as those involving tedious tasks or dangerous working conditions—could be transferred to machines.
    What jobs would exist in this more transformative scenario? As in the more gradual scenario—and just as has happened in the past, when earlier general purpose technologies were adopted—we would see the emergence of new occupations. These would notably include jobs that involve managing the new AI-dominated economy. In addition, some existing occupations would likely persist, at least for some time. This would be the case for three key reasons. First, some jobs may prove especially hard to automate. For example, plumbers and mechanics rely on physical dexterity and adaptability to situations—attributes that machines may find difficult to replicate, or to replicate cheaply. Second, in some contexts, consumers may insist on a human touch. Patients may still want human doctors and therapists, while parents may want human teachers and caregivers to look after their children. Third, even when AI has the technical capability to carry out tasks, some jobs are likely to be protected by laws and regulations. For example, legal and political systems would likely continue to insist on human judges and elected officials. Eventually, however, an increasing share of current jobs may be automated. The technological frontier is moving quickly, consumers’ preferences may change as they become more comfortable interacting with AI, and the regulatory landscape could evolve to provide broader roles for AI.
    It’s difficult to say how many jobs will exist under transformative AI. On the one hand, it’s possible that—as has happened so often in the past—the economy will find inventive new ways to keep most people employed. On the other hand, there are concerns that some workers could experience a large enough decline in their earnings potential that paid work may no longer be an available option. Employment and labor force participation could fall; displaced workers may grapple with a loss of daily routines, social connectedness, and the meaning they derived from employment. The risk of a significant decline in employment looms large in many people’s concerns about AI, and it’s important for policymakers to be attentive to that risk.
    Even if AI ultimately creates as many jobs as it eliminates, we should expect that the transition will be difficult. Existing firms would likely reorganize their production, laying off workers in the process. They could also lose market share to technologically sophisticated start-ups, which could scale up with a minimal number of human workers managing AI subordinates.14 Many displaced workers would have obsolete skills, and skill mismatch could lead to a structural increase in unemployment as these workers retool for new occupations. It is possible that unemployment might rise only temporarily. It is also possible, however, that more sustained increases could be observed. That would be the case if technology continued to evolve too quickly for many workers to keep up, leading to continual churn and ongoing dislocation.
    How might transformative AI affect income inequality? Both traditionally high-wage occupations, such as lawyers and financial professionals, and lower-wage occupations, such as factory and retail workers, could be automated, and it is difficult to predict how AI would affect wage structures. But the largest wage gains would likely go to the highest-skilled workers, as they would be best positioned to implement frontier technologies and help oversee the AI economy. In addition, if capital owners are the main beneficiaries, the labor share of income could decline precipitously.
    Transformative AI could bring about profound improvements in living standards, leisure opportunities, and human health. At the same time, society would confront profound distributional changes and potential challenges. Much would depend on how broadly the economic benefits are shared, how policymakers respond, and how society adapts to the rapid pace of change.
    How Will We Know Which Future We Are Living in?The world looks very different across these two scenarios. As AI spreads throughout the economy, how will we know which world we’re living in, particularly in view of the likelihood that AI adoption will proceed at different rates in different occupations and industries?
    First, we will need to track how many businesses are using AI and how it is affecting their operations. Recent surveys give different impressions about AI adoption thus far, but they consistently show rapid increases in usage over time.15
    Second, we will need to monitor AI’s evolving technological capabilities. AI developers test their models against human performance in benchmark activities like standardized tests and visual tasks. Results of these tests will continue to provide important clues about which activities, and thus which occupations, are at risk of being automated. Along these lines, economists have already developed measures of occupations’ exposure to automation. They have based these measures on the characteristics of the tasks involved in different occupations.16 Of course, as the set of tasks that AI can perform expands, these measures can be updated accordingly.
    A third way to judge how AI is changing the economy is that data on job openings will likely be a leading indicator of changes in labor demand. What kinds of jobs are employers creating? What skills do they cite in job ads?17
    And, lastly, job growth by occupation and industry is likely to reflect the emerging effects of AI. So far, the imprint of AI is difficult to discern in the employment statistics, but that is likely to change. It may be difficult to disentangle the effects of AI from the other determinants of employment growth, especially in real time. But in the event of truly sweeping changes in the occupational structure, the effects of AI should show up in the data.
    Looking AheadWhat do these two scenarios imply for society? In scenario 1, the issues that society has to address will be more straightforward. Policymakers will have to decide how to regulate emergent technologies, education and training programs will have to be tailored to shifts in labor demand, and some labor market regulations may need to be updated. In scenario 2, the issues that society will need to address will be more profound. Questions will include how to ensure that the economic gains associated with AI are broadly shared across individuals and households, and how to adapt social institutions to a world in which many more individuals in their prime working years may be working less. Fortunately, although this second scenario would entail many difficult challenges, it also implies a world in which society has many more resources to deploy against those challenges.
    Those are some of the big questions that society may need to grapple with in the future, and most of these questions are not those that will be primarily addressed by monetary policymakers. As a central banker, I can speak more specifically about how structural changes in the economy related to AI could affect monetary policy considerations—in particular, the Federal Reserve’s dual mandate to promote maximum employment and stable prices. Monetary policy considerations could be affected in many ways; I will limit myself to two prominent possibilities.
    First, AI may require monetary policymakers to reassess our estimates of the natural rate of unemployment, which informs our assessment of the cyclical state of the economy and thus the appropriate stance of monetary policy. The natural rate, which we call u*, is the unemployment rate that corresponds to the maximum level of employment that can be maintained without producing undesirably high inflation. Among other things, u* depends on the efficiency with which matches are formed between workers and firms, and it could rise if shifts in labor demand across industries and occupations lead to skill mismatch and lengthy unemployment spells as workers retrain and switch careers. The natural rate also depends on the demographic composition of the labor force, which AI could affect. If AI shifts the workforce toward groups that have higher labor force attachment but lower unemployment rates (such as college graduates), the result could be downward pressure on u*. It should be stressed that u* is never directly observed and is difficult to discern in real time. But economists use a wide range of models to estimate the natural rate, and we can use those models to see how u* is changing as AI is adopted more widely.18
    Another related consideration relevant for monetary policy is how economic changes due to AI will affect the neutral interest rate, or r*, which is the level of the real interest rate consistent with the economy being at its potential and inflation being at our 2 percent objective. Economic theory suggests that a permanently higher growth rate of productivity, of the kind that might arise under either AI scenario, tends to raise r*. When that happens, a higher real interest rate would be required to deliver any desired monetary policy stance. A challenge that we face is that it is difficult to work out in real time how r* is evolving. But we can make judgments about developments in the behavior of r* by monitoring the relationship between economic activity and interest rates and by using financial market information to estimate longer-run real interest rates.
    ConclusionI’ll return to the broader point and conclude. AI is poised to transform our economy, likely in profound ways. But the speed and extent of that transformation are not yet clear. AI is likely to boost productivity, increase scientific discovery, and transform the nature of work. How these developments unfold will have important implications for society and for central bankers.

    1. The views expressed here are my own and are not necessarily those of my colleagues on the Federal Reserve Board or the Federal Open Market Committee. Return to text
    2. See page 502 in Zvi Griliches (1957), “Hybrid Corn: An Exploration in the Economics of Technological Change,” Econometrica, vol. 25 (October), pp. 501–22. See also Iain M. Cockburn, Rebecca Henderson, and Scott Stern (2019), “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Innovation: An Exploratory Analysis,” in Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb, eds., The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), pp. 115–48, and Martin Neil Baily, David M. Byrne, Aidan T. Kane, and Paul E. Soto (forthcoming), “Generative AI at the Crossroads: Light Bulb, Dynamo, or Microscope,” Brookings Institution working paper. Return to text
    3. The term “general purpose technology” is typically abbreviated to GPT. To avoid confusion with ChatGPT, I will continue to use the longer term. For a definition and discussion of past general purpose technologies, see Timothy F. Bresnahan and Manuel Trajtenberg (1995), “General Purpose Technologies ‘Engines of Growth’?” Journal of Econometrics, vol. 65 (January), pp. 83–108. For a discussion of whether earlier AI techniques already meet these criteria, see Avi Goldfarb, Bledi Taska, and Florenta Teodoridis (2023), “Could Machine Learning Be a General Purpose Technology? A Comparison of Emerging Technologies Using Data from Online Job Postings,” Research Policy, vol. 52 (January), 104653. For a discussion of GenAI specifically, see Tyna Eloundou, Sam Manning, Pamela Mishkin, and Daniel Rock (2023), “GPTs Are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models,” (PDF) March 17 (revised August 22). For a contrasting view that AI will have only modest effects on productivity over the next 10 years, see Daron Acemoglu (2025), “The Simple Macroeconomics of AI,” Economic Policy, vol. 40 (January), pp. 13–58. Return to text
    4. See Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo (2019), “Automation and New Tasks: How Technology Displaces and Reinstates Labor,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 33 (Spring), pp. 3–30. Return to text
    5. As David Autor writes, “There have been periodic warnings in the last two centuries that automation and new technology were going to wipe out large numbers of middle class jobs. The best-known early example is the Luddite movement of the early 19th century, in which a group of English textile artisans protested the automation of textile production by seeking to destroy some of the machines.” See page 3 in David H. Autor (2015), “Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 29 (Summer), pp. 3–30. Return to text
    6. For example, see textbook discussions of automation and unemployment by Paul A. Samuelson (1964), Economics: An Introductory Analysis, 6th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill), pp. 333–37; and James D. Gwartney and Richard Stroup (1982), Economics: Private and Public Choice, 3rd ed. (New York: Academic Press), pp. 518–19. Return to text
    7. See Michael S. Barr (2025), “Artificial Intelligence: Hypothetical Scenarios for the Future,” speech delivered at the Council on Foreign Relations, New York, February 18. See also Anton Korinek and Donghyun Suh (2024), “Scenarios for the Transition to AGI,” NBER Working Paper Series 32255 (Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research, March). Return to text
    8. For evidence that GenAI increases the productivity of human programmers, see Sida Peng, Eirini Kalliamvakou, Peter Cihon, and Mert Demirer (2023), “The Impact of AI on Developer Productivity: Evidence from GitHub Copilot,” (PDF) February 13. For similar evidence regarding customer support agents, see Erik Brynjolfsson, Danielle Li, and Lindsey Raymond (2025), “Generative AI at Work,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 140 (May), pp. 889–942. Return to text
    9. See Jaison R. Abel, Richard Deitz, Natalia Emanuel, and Benjamin Hyman (2024), “AI and the Labor Market: Will Firms Hire, Fire, or Retrain?” Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Liberty Street Economics (blog), September 4. Among surveyed businesses in New York and New Jersey, about half of businesses that planned to use AI within the next six months expected to retrain their current staff to use AI. Return to text
    10. See Shakked Noy and Whitney Zhang (2023), “Experimental Evidence on the Productivity Effects of Generative Artificial Intelligence,” Science, July 13, vol. 381 (6654), pp. 187–92. Return to text
    11. See Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz (2008), The Race between Education and Technology (Cambridge: Harvard University Press). Return to text
    12. See page 372 in John Maynard Keynes (1930), “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren,” in Essays in Persuasion (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1963), pp. 358–73. Return to text
    13. See page 9 in Anton Korinek (2024), “The Economics of Transformative AI,” (PDF) Reporter, no. 4 (Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research), pp. 9–12. Return to text
    14. See Erin Griffith (2025), “A.I. Is Changing How Silicon Valley Builds Start-Ups,” New York Times, February 20. See also Microsoft (2025), 2025: The Year the Frontier Firm Is Born, Work Trend Index Annual Report, April 23, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/worklab/work-trend-index/2025-the-year-the-frontier-firm-is-born. Return to text
    15. For a summary of recent survey evidence on AI adoption, see Leland Crane, Michael Green, and Paul Soto (2025), “Measuring AI Uptake in the Workplace,” FEDS Notes (Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, February 5). Across six firm-level surveys, the share of respondents using some form of AI ranges widely—from 5 to 40 percent—likely in part reflecting differences in sample composition, question wording, and the period over which AI usage is measured. Across 10 individual-level surveys, usage of GenAI generally ranges between 20 and 40 percent, with much higher rates among computer programmers. Return to text
    16. For examples of this approach, see Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne (2017), “The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 114 (January), pp. 254–80; Erik Brynjolfsson, Tom Mitchell, and Daniel Rock (2018), “What Can Machines Learn, and What Does It Mean for Occupations and the Economy?” AEA Papers and Proceedings, vol. 108 (May), pp. 43–47; Edward W. Felten, Manav Raj, and Robert Seamans (2018), “A Method to Link Advances in Artificial Intelligence to Occupational Abilities,” AEA Papers and Proceedings, vol. 108 (May), pp. 54–57; and Eloundou, Manning, Mishkin, and Rock, “GPTs Are GPTs” (see note 3). Return to text
    17. See Daron Acemoglu, David Autor, Jonathon Hazell, and Pascual Restrepo (2022), “Artificial Intelligence and Jobs: Evidence from Online Vacancies,” Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 40 (April), pp. S293–340. Return to text
    18. See Brandyn Bok, Richard K. Crump, Christopher J. Nekarda, and Nicolas Petrosky-Nadeau (2023), “Estimating Natural Rates of Unemployment: A Primer,” (PDF) Working Paper Series 2023-25 (San Francisco: Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, August). One approach for estimating u* is to aggregate across demographic groups that differ in their average unemployment rates over long periods. Another common approach is to estimate state-space models that incorporate a Phillips curve relationship between unemployment and inflation, as in Thomas Laubach (2001), “Measuring the NAIRU: Evidence from Seven Economies,” Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 83 (May), pp. 218–31. In addition, assessments of the natural rate can be informed by models that yield estimates of matching efficiency, such as Regis Barnichon and Andrew Figura (2015), “Labor Market Heterogeneity and the Aggregate Matching Function,” American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, vol. 7 (October), pp. 222–49; and Hie Joo Ahn and Leland D. Crane (2020), “Dynamic Beveridge Curve Accounting,” Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2020-027 (Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, March). Return to text

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Is Kenya’s president safe in a crowd? Security expert scans VIP protection checklist

    Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Douglas Lucas Kivoi, Principal Policy Analyst, Governance Department, The Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA)

    Protecting any president requires multiple layers of intelligence, physical security and rapid response security protocols. Exact operational details are classified, but there are global best practices in VIP protection.

    The issue of presidential protection in Kenya has become particularly relevant following an incident in early May 2025 when someone in a crowd threw a shoe at President William Ruto during a public event, hitting his hand.

    I have studied policing and security policies in Kenya for over 15 years, interacting closely with the country’s security protocols. In my view this incident exposed several critical security lapses around the elite officers tasked with protecting the president.

    The security of the president is a critical issue in Kenya. The country is exposed to terror groups like the Somalia-based Al-Shabaab and other criminal networks in the region.

    In 2021, a businessman embedded himself into the presidential motorcade and drove into then president Uhuru Kenyatta’s official residence. In 2017, an unidentified man who was said to have illegally accessed the highly protected state house grounds was shot dead by presidential guards.

    There are multiple layers to Kenya’s protection protocols. They include National Intelligence Service officers, the Kenya Defence Force, Presidential Escort Police officers drawn from the highly trained General Service Unit, bomb disposal experts and regular police officers. Their deployment depends on the nature of the presidential engagement.

    While the shoe incident may be passed off as simply embarrassing, it should serve as a wake-up call to tighten security protocols around the president without necessarily compromising his public engagement with citizens.

    What’s in place

    Prior to any presidential visit across the country, security teams conduct a thorough reconnaissance of the destination. This includes coordinating with local policing agencies, clearing airspace, mapping secure transport routes and identifying nearby medical facilities in case of emergencies.

    Presidential motorcade routes are pre-planned and a dry run is made. This often includes mapping alternative routes to avoid predictability should there be assailants along a presidential route. It is common to see some roads temporarily closed and security officers conducting sweeps for any threats or explosives. In areas deemed high risk, counter security sniper teams are covertly deployed in strategic areas.

    Cases of attacks on presidential motorcades are rare in Kenya. However, in 2002 during presidential campaigns, angry opposition supporters stoned then president Daniel Moi’s motorcade. In November 2021, an angry mob hurled rocks at then deputy president Ruto’s motorcade.

    The National Intelligence Service and Presidential Escort Unit covertly scout locations in advance, assessing potential security vulnerabilities. Crowd sizes, and entry and exit points for the head of state are mapped out in advance.

    In cases where meetings are held in town halls or huge tents, attendees are screened using metal detectors and/or physical searches. Uniformed and plainclothes security officers embed themselves in the crowd to monitor any threats.

    The president and any dignitaries accompanying him have at least three layers of security.

    The inner ring consists of close protection officers who are always within an arm’s length of the president to physically thwart any threats. The middle ring has armed security guards who watch for, among others, sudden movements and abnormal behaviour within the crowd. The outer ring consists of regular police and paramilitary units from the General Service Unit who secure the outside perimeter.

    The presidential motorcade is a coordinated convoy of heavily armoured vehicles. It includes lead and chase cars, communication units and emergency response teams. Traffic is managed by local traffic police officers to ensure unobstructed movement. Routes are kept confidential until necessary.

    The president’s security may opt to use a decoy vehicle if there is a security threat, to confuse and derail potential risk sources. In all these cases, there is a contingent of specialised General Service Unit officers, called the Recce unit, that always accompanies the president.

    Kenya’s presidential security precautions follow standard VIP security protection like those for heads of state across the world. However, in some neighbouring countries, for instance, presidents move in heavily armed military convoys. This has not been seen in Kenya.

    If a potential threat is detected, the president is immediately shielded and whisked away to a secure vehicle or evacuated by air in high-risk events. In such cases, the Kenya Defence Forces secures the president.

    Despite stringent security measures, incidents can occur. For instance, in March 2025, a British tourist was fatally hit by a vehicle in Ruto’s motorcade. This prompted investigations and reviews on motorcade safety protocols.

    Such events highlight the challenges of balancing presidential security with public safety, especially in densely populated urban areas.

    Security failures

    The shoe-throwing incident targeting Ruto highlighted five major failures in presidential protection protocols.

    First, crowd screening and access control failures. The alleged assailant was very close to the president, suggesting an inadequate distance between the crowds and the president. The inner ring of security also failed to spot the perpetrator raising a shoe in the air to use as a projectile. This indicates weak front-row eye sweeps and scans by the president’s security.

    Second, there was an apparent delay in security response. The elite officers around the president should have subdued the alleged attacker within seconds. It could mean most had their eyes on the president or cameras, as opposed to scanning the crowds for any sudden movements.

    Third, security allowed the president to stand too close to a crowd that hadn’t been screened. Best practices require a no-go zone of three to five metres for individuals who have not been scanned or screened.

    Fourth, there was an apparent gap in intelligence and threat assessment. Aggressive or agitated people next to the president should draw the attention of security officers. Plainclothes security officers are usually deployed to monitor crowd behaviour. It isn’t enough to rely on uniformed officers.

    Undercover agents are critical for flagging pre-attack signals, such as nervousness or repeated adjustments of positions.

    Fifth, there was no clear evacuation plan for the president. After the incident, the president continued speaking. In high-risk scenarios, protocols often demand instant relocation of the president to a secure vehicle or helicopter, where the military takes over and airlifts him to safety.

    What should change

    Kenya’s presidential security detail may be forced to:

    • increase standoff distance between the president and crowds

    • deploy more plainclothes officers to blend in and monitor crowds around the president

    • mandate stricter screening of those in close proximity to the president

    • conduct more frequent security risks drills for rapid neutralisation of potential threats.

    The exact details of presidential security in Kenya are confidential. However, the overarching structure aims to provide comprehensive protection to the president while maintaining public safety and order during official engagements. No security protocol is 100% foolproof. But a balance needs to be struck between overly aggressive crowd control and accessibility.

    Douglas Lucas Kivoi does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Is Kenya’s president safe in a crowd? Security expert scans VIP protection checklist – https://theconversation.com/is-kenyas-president-safe-in-a-crowd-security-expert-scans-vip-protection-checklist-256268

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Three Board Members reappointed to the Museum of the Home

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    News story

    Three Board Members reappointed to the Museum of the Home

    The Secretary of State has reappointed Alain Clapham, Viscount Charles Colville and Professor Caroline Malone as Board Members of the Museum of the Home for a second term of 3 years, from 4 November 2024 until 3 November 2027.

    Alain Clapham

    Alain ‘Fusion’ Clapham is an award-winning communicator and strategic thinker, recognised for his ability to shape narratives that connect institutions, businesses and communities. With a background in media, digital strategy, and cultural consultancy, he has worked with leading organisations – including YouTube, Historic Royal Palaces, Wellcome Collection and the Department for Culture, Media & Sport (DCMS) – to develop innovative approaches to audience engagement and institutional change.

    His work with heritage bodies, brands, educational institutions and corporate leaders has positioned him as a key figure in discussions around cultural representation, public discourse, and strategic transformation. He has advised on projects that bridge policy, digital evolution, and public engagement, ensuring institutions remain both forward-thinking and accessible.

    As the director of BMTstories and SUPERORGANIC, Alain leads cultural platforms that connect audiences and industry through innovative practice and creative empowerment. His work as a public speaker, facilitator and Transformative Storyteller fosters dialogue, learning, and expression across diverse communities.

    Viscount Charles Colville

    Charles Colville is a television producer and Crossbench member of the House of Lords. He is a graduate in Modern History from Durham University. He started his career as a journalist in the West Midlands and went on to work for BBC’s Newsnight programme becoming the Moscow producer during the fall of the Soviet Union. Moving to documentaries he made a wide range of science and history programmes working with museums and heritage organisations around the world.

    He used his experience as a journalist and historical knowledge to create independent, fresh narratives. Since leaving the BBC he has made a series on the role of the Queen in our national life. 

    In the House of Lords he speaks on the media and digital issues amongst other matters. He has supported amendments in the Environment Bill to reduce plastic pollution. As a member of cross-party Communications and Digital Select Committee he has taken part in inquiries on digital regulation and UK public service broadcasting. The current inquiry is into the government’s consultation into the privatisation of Channel 4. He is a great supporter of the Museum of the Home and looks forward to continuing working with the Board of Trustees.

    Professor Caroline Malone

    Caroline Malone studied archaeology and anthropology and undertook research on prehistory in southern Europe, an area where she has continued fieldwork in Malta, Sicily and Italy, most recently leading the ERC funded FRAGSUS Project. She was Curator for English Heritage of the Alexander Keiller Museum, Avebury and an Inspector of Ancient Monuments before commencing an academic career at Bristol, Cambridge and Queen’s University Belfast. She was the editor of Antiquity Journal, and also has served as Keeper of the former department of Prehistoric and Romano British Antiquities at the British Museum, as Senior Tutor of Hughes Hall Cambridge, and as Senior Proctor of Cambridge University.  She is the author of a number of books and papers. She is currently a visiting Professor at Murray Edwards College, Cambridge and  Emeritus Professor of Prehistory at Queen’s University Belfast, and is DCMS Trustee of the Museum of the Home.

    Remuneration and Governance Code

    Board Members of the Museum of the Home are not remunerated. This appointment has been made in accordance with the Cabinet Office’s [Governance Code on Public Appointments].

    The appointments process is regulated by the Commissioner for Public Appointments. Under the Code, any significant political activity undertaken by an appointee in the last five years must be declared. This is defined as including holding office, public speaking, making a recordable donation, or candidature for election. Alain Clapham has not declared any significant political activity. Caroline Malone has declared that she has stood as a candidate for Local Council Elections in Cambridge, Castle Ward for the Liberal Democrats in 2022, 2023 and 2024. She also canvassed on behalf of the Liberal Democrats in Cambridge, Castle Ward in 2022 and 2023. Viscount Colville is a freelance TV producer.

    Updates to this page

    Published 9 May 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Public sector technology brought to market with a spinout company

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    Case study

    Public sector technology brought to market with a spinout company

    Cobalt Light Systems Ltd, a spinout from STFC, developed patented technology to identify materials through barriers.

    Airport security using the bottle scanner to check for hazardous substances.

    Founding organisation

    • Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

    Spinout company name

    • Cobalt Light Systems Ltd

    Date of incorporation: 26 June 2006

    Website link: Chemical Analysis, Life Sciences, and Diagnostics

    Background

    In the early 2000’s, it was difficult for older technology to see through the container and differentiate the contents from the material of the container, posing real challenges to airport security and pharmaceutical analysis.

    This innovation addressed this need, enabling the detection of harmful substances in sealed containers.

    Cobalt Light Systems Ltd, a successful public sector spinout from STFC, developed patented technology to identify materials through barriers such as plastic, coloured glass and paper.

    The spinout journey

    During routine technology development of the Kerr-gate Raman Spectroscopy system at the Central Laser Facility (CLF) at STFC, a scientist identified and explored the Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) effect. 

    The SORS method allows the identification of the chemical composition underneath the surface of materials, ranging from paper to coloured glass and plastic. The scientist realised that this had potential uses far beyond the facilities and discussed his idea with the Innovation team at STFC.

    The Innovation team recognised the commercial potential of this new use and filed for base source patents which enabled them to legally protect the IP and to commercialise the innovation. Commercialisation would help STFC maximise the social and economic impact of this innovation.

    STFC scientists were awarded funding from the Innovation team which gave them the freedom and flexibility to explore the potential applications of the technology.

    Originally, they identified the medical technology industry as the main market for this technology. As the product development continued, the scientists further refined the methodology that spanned the medical industry, pharma industry, security material scanning and beyond. For instance, using this technology in airport security could reduce the risk of accidental exposure for security staff.

    Not only did STFC have a platform technology, for which it owned the IP, they had also explored and demonstrated the market potential for a whole portfolio of applications, which made it an attractive proposition for investors. STFC also had a team keen to engage in building a business.

    Based on this, STFC made the decision to go down the spinout route – founding LiteThru Ltd in 2006. LiteThru developed its first product for the pharma industry to perform quality control for medicines.

    Initial investment came from a range of investors, including Rainbow Seed Fund (now UK Innovation & Science Seed Fund), Oxford Technology Enterprise Capital Fund and NESTA.

    LiteThru Ltd raised £750,000 to increase the technology readiness level of the product. They appointed a new CEO and changed their name to ‘Cobalt Light Systems Ltd’.

    This new company raised more investment and officially launched their product for pharmaceutical quality control in 2010. They continued to develop innovative products, making a liquid scanner for airports and a handheld device to test bottles and jars for dangerous substances.

    The success of Cobalt’s product attracted the interest of Agilent Technologies who acquired Cobalt in 2017.  Agilent also relocated their global centre for Raman spectroscopy to STFC’s Harwell Campus.

    Who benefits from this technology?

    • Airport security: It helps airports detect hazardous materials, explosives, and narcotics without opening packages, saving time and reducing the risk of accidental exposure for staff.
    • Pharmaceutical analysis: It is used to analyse pharmaceutical materials including capsules, tablets, gel and solutions

    Outcome

    Cobalt Light Systems Ltd’s bottle scanner is used in over 70 airports and a handheld version of SORS is used in security, defence and firefighting applications enabling in-field chemical analysis through opaque containers.

    The company won the 2014 MacRobert Award and the 2015 Queen’s Award for Enterprise.

    It secured over £7 million in investment including grants prior to its exit in 2017

    Agilent Technologies acquired the company in 2017, with a value of £40 million and employing 50 staff.

    Updates to this page

    Published 9 May 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: 8 May 2025 Departmental update Strengthening the PHSM evidence base: a draft resolution welcomed by Non-State Actors

    Source: World Health Organisation

    WHO actively engages with nongovernmental organizations, international business associations and philanthropic foundations – collectively referred to as non-State actors (NSAs) – to support Member States’ effort to advance the public health agenda. In this context, NSAs requested a dedicated opportunity to discuss the draft resolution on Strengthening the evidence base for public health and social measures, with the aim of promoting a shared understanding of the draft resolution and facilitating technical exchanges and collaboration between Member States, NSAs and WHO.

    On 29 April 2025, NSAs, represented by the World Heart Federation and the International Alliance of Patients’ Organizations led a focused webinar to contribute perspectives ahead of the 78th World Health Assembly.

    About the draft resolutio

    Public health and social measures (PHSM) refer to nonpharmaceutical interventions implemented by individuals, communities, institutions and governments to reduce the risk and scale of infectious disease transmission and lower hospitalizations and deaths. As part of Community Protection, the subsystem of the global architecture for health emergency preparedness, prevention, response and resilience, Examples include symptom screening, personal hygiene measures, surface cleaning, vector control, modifications to gatherings, and domestic or international mobility. PHSM, therefore, play a critical role in reducing the pressure on the health care system, buying time to develop and distribute medical countermeasures (MCM) such as vaccines and treatments, thereby saving lives and safeguarding livelihoods. 

    An overview of systematic reviews on the effects of PHSM implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic uncovered that the evidence base is limited to provide robust and reliable evidence-informed guidance on PHSM effectiveness.  

    Norway and several other Member States, therefore, have tabled a draft resolution urging to strengthen research capacities and systems to measure the effectiveness and unintended negative consequences of PHSM implementation, with an emphasis on the importance on behavioral and social change science, community participatory research, supportive ethics and regulatory bodies and the highest level of human research subject protections. Furthermore, the draft resolution underscores the importance of the use of robust evidence to inform decisions on proportionate, relevant and context-specific PHSM policy and implementation.

    An informal session with non-State actors (NSA) held ahead of the 78th World Health Assembly (WHA)

    Panelists from the Centre for Epidemic Interventions Research within Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), the International Alliance of Patients’ Organizations (IAPO) and WHO, moderated by the World Heart Federation exchanged views on the critical need for better evidence on PHSM during health emergencies, and reflected a diverse perspectives on the opportunities for implementing the draft resolution.

    The panel stressed the resolution’s landmark commitment to building a robust evidence base for PHSM, the importance of expanding the knowledge base not only for PHSM effectiveness research, but also for research on PHSM implementation, adherence, and its unintended consequences. The session underscored the importance of involving non-State actors, particularly CSOs and academia, in both PHSM research and its implementation.

    Panelists and participants also addressed the complexities of conducting rigorous PHSM research during health emergencies, including the need to gain public and political support, navigate ethical and legal constraints on research, and adapt to rapidly evolving nature of health emergencies. The draft resolution aims to catalyze rapid evidence generation during emergencies, integrate behavioral science, ensure transparent data sharing, and uphold ethical oversight especially research subject protection.

    As part of Community Protection, the subsystem of the global architecture for health emergency preparedness, prevention, response and resilience, PHSM research and implementation are pivotal. The resolution reflects a strong commitment to collaboration among Member States, NSAs, and WHO—aiming to advance evidence-informed and equitable PHSM approaches for future health crises.

    MIL OSI United Nations News –

  • MIL-OSI: Nagano Tonic Complaints Explained: 2025 Nagano Lean Body Tonic User Reviews Analysed & Verified

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    LOS ANGELES, May 09, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) —

    • Why Nagano Lean Body Tonic Is Making Waves in 2025’s Natural Weight Loss Scene
    • Nagano Tonic Complaints: What’s Really Behind the Negative Reviews?
    • Metabolic Biohacking & Thermogenesis: Unlocking Your Body’s Natural Fat-Burning Power
    • Appetite, Digestion, and Energy: The Science Behind EGCG, Inulin, Ashwagandha, and Bitter Melon
    • The Hidden Saboteurs of Weight Loss: Cravings, Stress, Fatigue, and Gut Imbalances
    • Inside the Formula: Ingredient Profile, Claimed Benefits & Where It May Fall Short
    • Cost, Guarantees & Where to Buy: What to Know Before Ordering from the Official Nagano Website
    • Your Top Questions Answered: Side Effects, Results Timeline, Dosage & More
    • Transparency First: Disclaimers, Safety Notes & Smart Supplement Shopping Tips

    Nagano Tonic Complaints Investigated – 2025 User Reviews Verified

    Nagano Lean Body Tonic is emerging as a popular clean-label supplement in 2025, promoted for its natural support of metabolism, appetite control, and energy levels. This article offers a balanced, in-depth look at verified customer reviews, reported complaints, and the science behind its ingredients.

    While it’s not a miracle solution, many users describe steady fat loss, improved energy, and fewer cravings with consistent use. Formulated with well-researched compounds like green tea extract (EGCG), inulin, ashwagandha, and bitter melon, the tonic promotes a holistic approach to weight management by addressing metabolism, digestion, and stress.

    Sold exclusively through the official website, it’s backed by a 180-day money-back guarantee. This review aims to help readers decide whether this trending fat-burning formula delivers real results, without the hype or hidden drawbacks.

    Introduction To Nagano Lean Body Tonic

    In the evolving world of natural weight loss solutions, few products have stirred as much conversation in 2025 as Nagano Lean Body Tonic. Marketed as a metabolism-boosting formula inspired by traditional Japanese wellness principles, this powdered supplement has drawn attention not only for its fat-burning claims but also for a rising number of user reviews, ranging from enthusiastic praise to critical feedback. As interest grows, so does the need for a clear, honest assessment before clicking “buy.”

    Nagano Tonic’s appeal lies in its clean, natural ingredient lineup and its promise to combat stubborn fat, enhance energy, and support wellness—all without synthetic stimulants. But with increased visibility comes scrutiny. Some users have voiced concerns about effectiveness, delayed results, and taste, highlighting the importance of real user experiences in understanding the full picture.

    This article takes a deep dive into the 2025 reviews of Nagano Lean Body Tonic, weighing both the pros and the cons. We’ll also explore common obstacles to lasting weight loss—and how this tonic claims to address them through a modern “biohacking” approach. Biohacking involves optimizing your biology through lifestyle, nutrition, and supplementation—something this formula claims to support through ingredients aimed at metabolism, cravings, and energy levels.

    In a crowded wellness market, transparent, up-to-date analysis is essential. That’s what you’ll find here: a detailed, unbiased, and SEO-friendly breakdown covering everything from ingredient science to pricing and policies, so you can decide whether Nagano Lean Body Tonic is truly worth your time and trust.

    Understanding The Common Weight Loss Challenges

    In 2025, weight loss remains anything but simple. More people are beginning to understand that there’s no universal fix, especially as metabolic health, hormones, and daily habits become more central to long-term success. For those who’ve cycled through countless fat-burning pills, fad diets, and intense workouts only to see minimal or fleeting results, frustration is mounting. To evaluate whether Nagano Lean Body Tonic is a viable solution, it’s essential to first unpack the real challenges of today’s weight loss landscape.

    Why Belly Fat Remains So Stubborn

    For countless men and women, abdominal fat is more than just an aesthetic concern—it’s a deeply persistent issue tied to stress, aging, and a sluggish metabolism. This is one of the hardest areas to lose fat, often resisting even the most disciplined efforts. The search for deeper, metabolism-driven solutions has become a priority.

    That’s where emerging ideas like “thermogenic activation” and “metabolic biohacking” come into play. These modern approaches mark a shift from crash diets to science-informed, natural methods that work with the body, not against it. Nagano Tonic embraces this shift by aiming to realign the body’s metabolic rhythm with plant-based ingredients inspired by traditional Japanese herbal practices. The goal? To promote more efficient fat-burning and sustained wellness.

    While the tonic isn’t a medical treatment, its formula includes natural compounds linked to energy enhancement and metabolic support, factors that could help reduce stubborn fat when combined with healthy habits.

    Cravings, Appetite, and the Dieting Dilemma

    Uncontrolled cravings are a major obstacle to achieving sustainable weight loss. Whether it’s late-night snacking, stress-eating, or blood sugar dips, many people find themselves locked in a cycle of overindulgence followed by guilt and diet restarts. Even the most disciplined low-calorie plans can unravel under the pressure of hunger and emotional triggers.

    This is where natural appetite-regulating ingredients are gaining ground. Compounds like inulin (a gut-friendly prebiotic fiber) and ashwagandha (an adaptogen known for stress balance)—both found in Nagano Tonic—are drawing attention for their potential to curb excessive hunger and support mood stability. While results vary by individual, this approach represents a welcome shift: fueling the body instead of depriving it.

    The Energy-Motivation Connection Often Overlooked

    Fatigue is one of the most underrated barriers to weight loss. When energy runs low, so does motivation to cook, exercise, or stick to goals. Recognizing this link is a game-changer. Instead of relying on caffeine-heavy stimulants that create temporary highs followed by crashes, many health-conscious users are now turning to natural tonics that support daily vitality more sustainably.

    Enter antioxidant-rich superfoods like Camu Camu, Mangosteen, and EGCG from green tea. These aren’t miracle ingredients, but they may contribute to cleaner, more consistent energy when paired with balanced routines. Nagano Lean Body Tonic leans into this philosophy, combining plant-based energy support with a metabolism-friendly formula, offering users a gentler, more holistic alternative to traditional weight loss aids.

    Gut Health, Inflammation, and the Weight Loss Connection

    In 2025, a growing body of research continues to highlight a key—but often overlooked—factor in weight loss resistance: gut health. Imbalances in gut microbiota can lead to chronic inflammation, bloating, sluggish digestion, and intensified sugar cravings—all of which hinder fat loss efforts. As awareness grows, prebiotics and digestive-friendly compounds are gaining mainstream attention. Nagano Lean Body Tonic taps into this trend with ingredients like inulin and ginger, both recognized for their potential to support digestive health and promote a healthier internal environment.

    While these natural compounds are not a replacement for medical treatment, they may serve as a valuable part of a broader wellness routine. The emerging concept of the gut-brain-weight axis—how digestion, mental health, and metabolism are interconnected—is becoming a cornerstone in modern weight management. Formulas that address this triad holistically are earning recognition for their multi-pronged approach to wellness.

    Why Addressing These Core Issues Matters

    Understanding the real barriers to weight loss is more than just identifying what’s going wrong—it’s about aligning with solutions that work with your body, not against it. Nagano Lean Body Tonic appears tailored to meet these challenges, blending the time-tested wisdom of Eastern wellness practices with today’s nutritional science. This makes it an appealing option for those seeking to rebalance their system naturally, without turning to harsh stimulants or restrictive regimens.

    In the next section, we’ll explore how Nagano Tonic carves its place in a saturated wellness market—and whether its ingredient transparency, natural claims, and user experiences support the promises found on its official website.

    Kickstart Your Wellness Journey Naturally with Nagano Lean Body Tonic

    Looking for a cleaner, smarter way to boost metabolism and cut cravings? Nagano Lean Body Tonic may be the modern, natural solution to help you reset and energize from within.

    Read our full analysis to see what real users are saying and whether it truly supports weight loss

    Introducing Nagano Lean Body Tonic

    The surge in interest around Nagano Lean Body Tonic in 2025 is far from accidental. In a market dominated by synthetic diet pills and fleeting health fads, more consumers are gravitating toward clean-label supplements rooted in traditional practices and backed by evolving science. As a powdered drink mix, Nagano Tonic distinguishes itself with a combination of ancient herbal wisdom and functional, metabolism-supporting ingredients.

    But the big question remains: does it actually live up to the hype?

    This section breaks down what the product is, what’s inside it, and how it positions itself as a natural solution to today’s most common weight loss hurdles. You’ll also see how it compares to the flood of detox teas, thermogenic fat burners, and trendy metabolism blends currently crowding the shelves.

    What Exactly Is Nagano Lean Body Tonic?

    Nagano Lean Body Tonic is a powdered dietary supplement designed to be stirred into water or your favorite beverage. It contains a carefully selected mix of fruits, herbs, roots, and adaptogenic botanicals—many inspired by Japanese wellness rituals. Rather than being just another fat-burning formula, Nagano presents itself as a multi-functional wellness tonic aimed at supporting metabolism, reducing cravings, and promoting cleaner, sustained energy.

    Unlike conventional fat burners that rely heavily on caffeine or synthetic appetite suppressants, this tonic opts for a gentler approach. It embraces functional nutrition—working in harmony with your body to restore metabolic balance without overloading your system.

    This reflects a broader 2025 shift toward Eastern-inspired fat-loss strategies, which prioritize internal balance and long-term vitality over short-term gimmicks. Nagano Tonic positions itself at this crossroads: ancient herbal tradition meeting modern nutritional needs.

    Curious To Know More? Visit The Official Nagano Tonic Website Here

    Core Ingredients And Their Functional Benefits

    While the complete ingredient list can be found on the official website (leanbodytonic.com), below is a closer look at the standout components that give Nagano Lean Body Tonic its unique edge over conventional weight loss supplements.

    Camu Camu

    This Amazonian superfruit is revered for its exceptionally high Vitamin C content. Frequently associated with immune support and antioxidant activity, Camu Camu is thought to help reduce oxidative stress, a factor that can contribute to fatigue and stubborn weight gain.

    EGCG (from Green Tea Extract)

    One of the most researched thermogenic compounds in the natural wellness space, EGCG may support fat oxidation and healthy metabolic function, especially when paired with an active lifestyle and balanced nutrition. While not a magic bullet, it remains a valuable asset in the broader metabolic support toolkit.

    Mangosteen

    Southeast Asian herbal traditions often turn to mangosteen for its xanthones—powerful antioxidants believed to support the body’s inflammatory response. Its detox-friendly profile and potential to assist with systemic balance are why it’s featured in many modern wellness blends, including Nagano.

    Ashwagandha

    This revered adaptogen is known for helping the body manage stress and regulate cortisol levels, an important factor given that elevated cortisol is often linked to abdominal fat accumulation. Its calming, balancing effects may also support better emotional eating habits and energy stability.

    Momordica Charantia (Bitter Melon)

    A staple in Eastern medicine, bitter melon has long been used for its potential effects on blood sugar and appetite control. While its intense flavor may not appeal to everyone, its metabolic support properties make it a strategic addition to the Nagano formula.

    Inulin

    This prebiotic fiber plays a dual role—supporting gut health and increasing satiety. By fostering a healthier digestive environment and helping users feel fuller longer, inulin may help cut down on snacking and improve weight control outcomes.

    Other Key Ingredients: Eleuthero Root, Cinnamon Cassia, Ginger, Acerola, and Alfalfa Leaf

    These additional botanicals contribute more than just flavor. They offer a range of potential benefits, including antioxidant protection, digestive comfort, and gentle metabolic regulation. While not headline ingredients, their presence reflects a comprehensive, wellness-first formulation strategy.

    Disclaimer: Effects of natural ingredients can vary significantly between individuals. Nagano Lean Body Tonic is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement, particularly if managing existing health conditions or taking medication.

    Tap To Get Details Of All The Ingredients Used In Nagano Lean Body Tonic From The Official Website

    A Clean-Label Choice For The Conscious Consumer

    In today’s wellness landscape, where artificial additives are increasingly questioned, Nagano Lean Body Tonic sets itself apart with its commitment to clean, plant-based ingredients. By avoiding preservatives, stimulants, and synthetic fillers, the tonic appeals to health-conscious individuals who prefer natural thermogenic support over chemically engineered alternatives.

    Additionally, the product is non-GMO, vegan-friendly, and manufactured in a GMP-certified facility, as stated by the brand. These quality assurances resonate with modern consumers seeking transparency, ethical sourcing, and evidence of good manufacturing standards.

    How Does Nagano Tonic Align With Consumer Expectations?

    What sets Nagano Lean Body Tonic apart isn’t just its ingredient list—it’s the way the formula aims to support multiple facets of weight wellness:

    • Naturally encourages metabolic activity (without synthetic stimulants)
    • Supports stress management with adaptogenic herbs
    • It may help curb cravings thanks to digestion-friendly prebiotics
    • Caters to a clean-living, holistic lifestyle

    These benefits resonate strongly with the mindset of today’s health-conscious consumer, especially in 2025, where sustainable transformation has overtaken fad diets and quick-fix solutions. The tonic’s approach aligns with the growing demand for natural, effective alternatives that address body, mind, and lifestyle in unison.

    Investigating Customer Complaints And Reviews

    As with any supplement that earns buzz, Nagano Lean Body Tonic has its fair share of both advocates and critics. As usage grows, so does the flood of online reviews, social media chatter, Reddit discussions, and blog breakdowns. For curious shoppers, it’s essential to sort through the noise and get a clear picture of what users are actually experiencing.

    In this section, we break down some of the most common criticisms, highlight verified customer success stories, and explore why reactions can differ so much between individuals. Given how often terms like “Nagano Tonic scam,” “real results after 30 days,” or “does it really work?” appear in search results, an unbiased investigation is more than helpful—it’s necessary.

    Top Reported Complaints: What You Should Know

    Although many buyers report positive changes, several recurring complaints stand out. These issues aren’t deal-breakers, but they offer valuable context for prospective users.

    1. Results Can Take Time

    Perhaps the most frequent criticism involves the pace of visible results. Users hoping for dramatic fat loss in just a few days may find themselves disappointed early on.

    “I didn’t feel much difference in the first two weeks, but by week four I noticed more energy and less bloating. Still, it’s not some instant miracle,” wrote one Reddit user in a health thread.

    This gradual improvement is typical of plant-based, clean-label formulas that avoid harsh stimulants or extreme fat-blocking compounds. Like many natural wellness products, consistency and patience are key to unlocking benefits.

    2. Taste and Mixability Concerns

    While many people enjoy the tonic’s slightly fruity, herbal flavor, others describe it as “an acquired taste.” Some report that the texture can be gritty or clumpy, especially when mixed with cold water.

    Tip: Users often find better mixability with warm water or when blending the tonic into smoothies, citrus juice, or herbal tea for a smoother experience.

    3. Not Sold on Major Retail Platforms

    Another point of frustration is the tonic’s limited distribution. It’s sold exclusively through the official website, which prevents access via Amazon, Walmart, or third-party wellness sites. While this helps protect the formula’s integrity, it can be inconvenient for those used to broader availability.

    Important Note: Always purchase from the official site to avoid counterfeit or expired products. Unauthorized resellers may offer imitations or tampered formulations.

    Verified Positive Reviews: What Real Users Say Works

    Now let’s flip the script and explore the growing number of users who report noticeable improvements while using Nagano Lean Body Tonic as part of their daily wellness routine. These testimonials often include boosted energy, reduced bloating, fewer cravings, and gradual but steady fat loss over time.

    1. A Clean Energy Boost—Without the Crash

    A standout benefit reported by many users is an increase in natural energy, especially in the morning hours after taking the tonic.

    “I’ve basically replaced my coffee. It gives me a clean, steady lift with no jitters or mid-morning crashes,” shared one user in a 2025 feedback summary.

    This effect may be attributed to ingredients like green tea extract (rich in EGCG), ginger, and the adaptogen Ashwagandha—all known for promoting balanced, stimulant-free vitality.

    2. Better Appetite Control and Reduced Cravings

    Numerous users say they experienced fewer urges to snack, especially on sugary or processed foods, after consistently taking the tonic for several weeks.

    While it’s difficult to pinpoint exact causes without clinical data, the presence of prebiotic fiber (inulin), cinnamon cassia, and bitter melon may support satiety and blood sugar stability, reducing cravings naturally.

    Disclaimer: These results reflect individual experiences and are not guaranteed. Speak with a healthcare provider for tailored health advice.

    3. Sustainable, Long-Term Results with Consistent Use

    Those who incorporated Nagano Tonic daily, especially alongside light movement, mindful eating, or walking, were more likely to report positive changes.

    “After 8 weeks, I lost 9 pounds. It didn’t happen overnight, but my clothes fit better and my energy is up. This feels like something I can stick with,” noted one verified buyer.

    This reflects the product’s alignment with modern wellness trends that favor long-term body recomposition over dramatic quick fixes.

    See what current users are reporting about their experience with Nagano Tonic, available on the official website

    Why Mixed Reviews Exist, Even When Results Are Positive

    It’s important to understand that supplement performance can vary widely. Factors like diet, stress, sleep, hormone balance, and activity level all play a role in how effective any supplement may be for a given person. Misleading social media ads can also create unrealistic expectations, leading some users to feel disappointed if they don’t experience rapid changes.

    That’s why transparent, balanced reviews like this are essential for setting realistic expectations.

    A Grounded Solution in a Market Full of Hype

    All things considered, Nagano Lean Body Tonic seems to deliver meaningful support for many users, especially those who value consistency, clean ingredients, and holistic health. While no product is perfect, most complaints revolve around personal preferences or timing, not the safety or integrity of the product itself.

    With roots in traditional Japanese wellness and modern metabolic science, the tonic presents itself as a clean, non-GMO, naturally supportive tool in your health toolkit.

    The Science Behind Nagano Lean Body Tonic

    Today’s health-conscious consumer seeks more than just weight loss—they want holistic, natural solutions that support full-body wellness. Nagano Lean Body Tonic steps up to this demand by offering a blend of plant-based compounds rooted in both science and traditional Japanese health practices.

    Let’s dive into the key functions of the formula and how its ingredients may work synergistically to support metabolism, cravings, digestion, and stress resilience.

    1. Metabolic Activation Through Thermogenesis

    A major focus of Nagano Tonic is enhancing metabolic activity via natural thermogenesis—the process of using stored fat as energy. Key ingredients include:

    Green Tea Extract (EGCG):
    EGCG, a potent catechin in green tea, has been shown to support fat oxidation and energy expenditure, especially during physical activity. It’s a well-studied, non-stimulant thermogenic agent found in many effective wellness supplements.

    Note: These effects are based on early-stage studies and user testimonials. Results will vary.

    Ginger + Cinnamon Cassia:
    Known for their warming, digestive, and circulation-boosting properties, these herbs help create an environment that supports metabolic efficiency and energy transformation.

    2. Nutrient-Dense Antioxidants for Systemic Health

    Camu Camu + Mangosteen:
    These antioxidant-rich superfruits are known for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, both of which are now recognized as roadblocks to optimal metabolism. Camu Camu also delivers a significant dose of vitamin C, supporting immune and mitochondrial function.

    3. Appetite Control and Satiety Support

    Inulin (Prebiotic Fiber):
    Naturally found in chicory root, inulin promotes fullness, supports digestion, and may slow glucose absorption. It also feeds healthy gut bacteria, key players in appetite and weight regulation.

    Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia):
    Used traditionally for blood sugar support, bitter melon may help reduce sugar-related cravings by encouraging a healthy insulin response.

    Disclaimer: Bitter melon is still being evaluated in scientific studies. Consult your provider before use if you have blood sugar concerns.

    4. Stress Reduction for Weight Stability

    Stress often triggers overeating and belly fat accumulation. The adaptogens in Nagano Tonic help address this root cause:

    Ashwagandha:
    One of the most well-known adaptogens, it may help lower cortisol levels and reduce emotional eating or fatigue associated with chronic stress.

    Eleuthero (Siberian Ginseng):
    Included to support sustained energy and resilience under pressure, this adaptogen helps keep mental and physical fatigue at bay without overstimulating the body.

    5. Gut Health: The Missing Link in Weight Wellness

    Gut health influences metabolism, inflammation, and even mood. By including gut-supportive ingredients like inulin, digestive herbs, and superfruit antioxidants, Nagano Tonic aims to support a healthier internal environment that fosters fat metabolism and emotional well-being.

    Note: This tonic is not intended to diagnose, treat, or cure any disease. Results vary and are not guaranteed.

    The Synergy That Sets It Apart

    What makes Nagano Tonic stand out isn’t one “miracle” ingredient—it’s the harmony of its components. From metabolism and appetite to stress and gut balance, this formula addresses multiple dimensions of wellness. That’s what makes it a good fit for consumers looking for something smarter than another crash diet or caffeine pill.

    In a world filled with synthetic fat burners and exaggerated claims, Nagano Lean Body Tonic offers a gentler, functional path to feeling better, inside and out.

    Curious About How Nagano Tonic Works? Dive Into The Details

    How To Add Nagano Tonic To Your Routine?

    Ease of use is crucial for long-term success, and Nagano Lean Body Tonic fits easily into modern wellness routines.

    Daily Usage Guide:

    • Dosage: One scoop daily
    • How to Mix: Stir into 6–8 oz of water, juice, or smoothies
    • When to Take: Morning, preferably before food
    • Duration: Use consistently for 30–60 days to evaluate effects

    Many users take it alongside light morning movement, meditation, or as part of a clean breakfast routine. It can also be used to support intermittent fasting plans, as it’s low in calories and often described as a metabolic primer.

    Always consult your healthcare provider before beginning any new supplement, especially if pregnant, nursing, or managing a medical condition.

    Pairing Nagano Tonic With Healthy Habits

    One of the key reasons wellness-minded users appreciate Nagano Lean Body Tonic is that it doesn’t require an intense lifestyle overhaul. Still, when paired with purposeful habits, the tonic’s benefits may be noticeably amplified.

    1. Prioritize Morning Hydration

    Since the tonic is mixed with liquid, starting your day with it naturally encourages better hydration. Hydrating early supports digestion, detoxification, and nutrient delivery—all of which are foundational to healthy metabolism.

    Tip: Follow your tonic with an extra glass (16–20 oz) of water to activate your system and support gut function from the start of the day.

    2. Stick to a Whole-Foods Diet

    Nagano Tonic complements—rather than replaces—a nutritious diet. The best outcomes are often reported by those who focus on:

    • Lean proteins (chicken, lentils, eggs)
    • Fiber-rich greens (kale, spinach, broccoli)
    • Slow-burning carbs (quinoa, oats, brown rice)
    • Healthy fats (nuts, olive oil, avocado)

    This type of eating pattern supports metabolic function while reducing inflammation and bloating.

    3. Keep Your Body Moving

    While Nagano doesn’t promise results without movement, it works well alongside light physical activity. Even short daily walks, stretching, or 20-minute workouts can complement the tonic’s natural energy-boosting and fat-burning support.

    These simple efforts can elevate energy, improve hormone function, and reinforce consistent progress.

    4. Layer in Stress Relief

    With stress-regulating ingredients like ashwagandha and eleuthero root already in the mix, adding stress-management habits can further support emotional balance and weight goals. Try:

    • Short breathing sessions or meditation
    • Scented candles or diffusers (lavender, eucalyptus)
    • Tech-free wind-down routines in the evening

    Managing cortisol naturally supports fat metabolism, especially around the midsection.

    Consistency Makes The Difference

    Unlike stimulant-heavy fat burners, Nagano Lean Body Tonic takes a gentler, cumulative approach. It’s designed for long-term metabolic balance rather than short bursts of unsustainable energy.

    Most successful users report visible improvements after 60–90 days of steady use alongside other healthy practices. The focus here is on sustainable progress, not overnight changes.

    Note: Your results will depend on your personal routine, diet, and lifestyle. Nagano is meant to support, not replace, foundational wellness practices.

    Creating A Wellness Ritual That Works

    Nagano Tonic can do more than just assist weight goals—it can anchor positive routines. Whether it becomes part of your breakfast ritual, your pre-walk boost, or a cue for mindful eating, this kind of habit stacking builds momentum.

    By integrating it into your existing structure, you can design a supportive routine that aligns with your wellness goals in a realistic, manageable way.

    Purchasing And Guarantee Details

    Understanding the product is only half the equation—it’s also important to know how the purchase process works. Here’s what to expect when buying Nagano Lean Body Tonic.

    Where To Purchase?

    The tonic is exclusively available through its official website. This ensures you’re getting the genuine product with the correct formulation, not a knockoff. Avoid third-party retailers like Amazon, Walmart, or eBay. These listings are often unauthorized and can carry expired or counterfeit products.

    Buying directly also unlocks exclusive discounts, bulk deals, and updated shipping options.

    Pricing Plans Of Nagano Tonic

    As of now, Nagano Tonic offers three standard packages:

    • Single Bottle: $79 for a 30-day supply
    • Best Value (6 Bottles): $234 total ($39/bottle) 180-day supply
    • Popular (3 Bottles): $177 total ($59/bottle) 90-day supply

    Each order includes usage instructions, and the more you buy, the more you save.

    Tap To Order Nagano Lean Body Tonic From The Official Website

    180-Day Risk-Free Guarantee

    Nagano Tonic is backed by a no-questions-asked, 180-day money-back guarantee. You can try the supplement for up to six months and request a refund, even if the bottles are opened or used.

    Refund Policy Highlights:

    • Valid for all order sizes (1, 3, or 6 bottles)
    • Return shipping is the customer’s responsibility
    • Contact customer service within 180 days for refund instructions

    This generous guarantee shows the brand’s confidence and allows users to evaluate the product at their own pace.

    How To Request A Return?

    To start a refund, contact customer service by email or phone and send the product back to the fulfillment center.

    Contact Details:

    • Email: support@leanbodytonic.com
    • Phone: (863) 591-4284
    • Return Address: 285 Northeast Ave, Tallmadge, OH 44278, USA

    Return Tips:

    • Use trackable shipping
    • Include your order ID and original packaging
    • Keep a copy of your shipping receipt

    Nagano Lean Body Tonic Reviews: Final Thoughts

    In a crowded market of stimulant pills and fad diets, Nagano Lean Body Tonic offers a grounded, holistic alternative. It combines Eastern botanicals and modern science to gently support metabolism, digestion, and energy, without harsh side effects. After reviewing customer testimonials, examining common complaints, and analyzing its ingredients, one thing is clear: Nagano is not a magic bullet, but it is a helpful ally for those pursuing lasting change.

    What makes Nagano stand out is its multifaceted approach. It supports metabolism through ingredients like green tea, ginger, and other thermogenic; helps control cravings with inulin fiber and bitter melon; and enhances stress resilience through adaptogens such as ashwagandha and eleuthero root.

    Additionally, it promotes gut health and digestion, factors often overlooked in weight loss and provides non-stimulant energy support for sustained daily wellness. This thoughtful blend is ideal for individuals seeking not only fat loss but also better mood, improved energy, and enhanced daily performance.

    Used in combination with smart lifestyle habits such as staying hydrated, eating whole foods, getting sufficient sleep, and staying active, Nagano Lean Body Tonic can offer a meaningful edge in your wellness journey.

    Email: support@leanbodytonic.com

    Disclaimer: The information shared about Nagano Lean Body Tonic has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Results may vary from person to person. Before starting Nagano Lean Body Tonic—especially if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medications, or managing a medical condition—please consult with your healthcare provider.

    This content is for informational and educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Some links on this page may be affiliate links, meaning we may earn a commission if you choose to purchase through them. Always make informed decisions in partnership with a qualified medical professional when considering any supplement as part of your wellness routine.

    Photos accompanying this announcement are available at
    https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/5d24aa16-706a-4dbc-8890-71918ce0232f

    https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/063f8cdd-1952-46cb-9a72-030ae0393ad7

    https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/989f78bb-7775-4f64-b791-ede0d85430d6

    The MIL Network –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Xi Jinping, Swedish King exchange congratulations on 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: People’s Republic of China in Russian – People’s Republic of China in Russian –

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    BEIJING, May 9 (Xinhua) — Chinese President Xi Jinping and Swedish King Carl XVI Gustaf on Friday exchanged congratulations on the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between the two countries.

    In his telegram, Xi Jinping noted that Sweden was one of the first European countries to establish diplomatic relations with China.

    According to him, in the 75 years since the establishment of diplomatic ties, Sino-Swedish relations have generally remained stable. Bilateral cooperation in areas such as economy and trade, science and technology, education and people-to-people exchanges has been constantly expanding, and positive results have been achieved.

    Xi Jinping stressed that he attaches great importance to the development of China-Swedish relations and is willing to work with King Carl XVI Gustaf to take this anniversary as a new starting point to strengthen political mutual trust, deepen practical cooperation, expand people-to-people and cultural exchanges, jointly support multilateralism and free trade, so as to bring greater benefits to the peoples of the two countries and make greater contributions to world peace and prosperity.

    On the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations, King Carl XVI Gustaf expressed his sincere wishes for further deepening of close cooperation between Sweden and China and hope for the continuous development of bilateral friendly relations. –0–

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: 80 years of the Great Victory!

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: State University of Management – Official website of the State –

    Russia is painted in black, gold and red colors – for several days now, people all over the country and beyond its borders have been celebrating Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War. The State University of Management, known for its patriotic traditions, did not stay away either. On May 6, our students and staff laid flowers at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. On May 7, we held a ceremonial event on campus. And today is the main day – the 80th anniversary of the Great Victory!

    Over these 80 years, hundreds of thousands of words have been said about the meaning of the holiday, but they are still never enough. There will never be enough words to express the pain of millions of victims and the weight of their loss. Today we celebrate the anniversary of the day when the pain, if not ended, then stopped growing. This is a unique holiday of bitter tears flowing into tears of happiness. And the second thing is more important, because life always wins.

    Rector of the State University of Management Vladimir Stroyev: “I congratulate all the staff and students of the State University of Management on the 80th anniversary of the Great Victory! This holiday always inspires us, gives us a sense of pride in our country and our people, inspires us to great achievements, does not allow us to give up and retreat in the face of difficulties. Each of our small successes in work or study, each step of the podium in sports competitions, each step forward of the soldiers of the Russian army in a special military operation is an echo of that Great Victory, without which there would be no modern life.

    Every year the significance of this date only grows, because living witnesses of those events pass away and with each May parade we all bear an ever-increasing responsibility to our ancestors, the duty to preserve the memory of their feat, the obligation to pass on the historical truth to descendants. GUU never forgets this important mission of the university, regularly holds internal and off-site patriotic events, helps in search operations on the battlefields, and regularly participates in the information campaign of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education “Scientific Regiment”. Just yesterday, on May 8, together with our students – members of the GUU expeditionary corps, as well as colleagues from RTU MIREA and the “Arctic Team”, we opened a memorial in the village of Selizharovo in the Tver Region. In this way, we carry the historical memory and the banner of the Great Victory from the glorious past to the triumphant future of Russia. And no one can stop this movement of the national spirit and self-awareness.

    Happy holiday, Happy Victory Day!

    Subscribe to the TG channel “Our GUU” Date of publication: 05/09/2025

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI China: Xi, Swedish king exchange congratulations on anniversary of diplomatic ties

    Source: China State Council Information Office

    Xi, Swedish king exchange congratulations on anniversary of diplomatic ties

    Xinhua | May 9, 2025

    Chinese President Xi Jinping and Swedish King Carl XVI Gustaf on Friday exchanged congratulations on the 75th anniversary of diplomatic ties between the two countries.

    In his message, Xi said that Sweden was among the first European countries to establish diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China.

    Since the establishment of diplomatic ties 75 years ago, China-Sweden relations have remained generally stable, with continuous expansion and positive outcomes in bilateral cooperation in such fields as economy and trade, science and technology, education and people-to-people exchanges, he said.

    Xi said that he attaches great importance to the development of China-Sweden relations and stands ready to work with King Carl XVI Gustaf to take the anniversary as a new starting point to enhance political mutual trust, deepen practical cooperation, increase people-to-people exchanges, and jointly support multilateralism and free trade, so as to deliver more benefits to the two peoples and make greater contributions to world peace and prosperity.

    On the occasion of the 75th anniversary of diplomatic ties, King Carl XVI Gustaf expressed sincere wishes for the continuous deepening of Sweden-China close cooperation, saying he expects bilateral friendly relations to develop continuously.

    MIL OSI China News –

  • MIL-OSI: TGS Successfully Commenced an Active North Europe Summer Season

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    Oslo, Norway (May 9 2025) – TGS, a leading provider of energy data and intelligence, is pleased to announce a significant increase in acquisition activity in Northern Europe this summer. TGS has deployed a total of four acquisition vessels in the region; three seismic vessels and one offshore wind vessel, doubling the Company’s capacity compared to 2024.

    All the three seismic streamer vessels have successfully mobilized, according to plan, and are currently engaged in production on 4D seismic contracts. These vessels will continue with additional 4D programs. TGS has been awarded a total of seven 4D contracts in Northern Europe this summer, amounting to approximately 280 acquisition days. Towards the end of the season TGS will acquire multi-client data.

    In addition to the ongoing 4D acquisition projects, the Ramform Vanguard mobilized for an offshore wind site characterization contract offshore the UK in late Q1 for a repeat customer. The project is progressing as planned. Following completion of the current project, Ramform Vanguard will undertake another offshore wind site characterization contract, also offshore UK.

    As announced in November 2024, TGS’ node-on-a-rope crew was scheduled to mobilize for a contract in Northern Europe early April and the crew successfully completed the project in May according to plan.

    Carel Hooijkaas, EVP Operations in TGS, commented, “We are excited about TGS high acquisition activity level in Northern Europe this summer. The successful mobilization of our vessels and the strong contract portfolio underscore our commitment to supporting the energy companies and meeting the evolving needs of the industry. With our Ramform acquisition platform, GeoStreamer technology and our Ultra High Resolution 3D technology for offshore wind site characterization I am confident we will deliver high-quality geoscience data to our clients.”

    For more information, visit TGS.com or contact:

    Bård Stenberg
    VP IR & Communication
    Mobile: +47 992 45 235
    investor@tgs.com

    About TGS
    TGS provides advanced data and intelligence to companies active in the energy sector. With leading-edge technology and solutions spanning the entire energy value chain, TGS offers a comprehensive range of insights to help clients make better decisions. Our broad range of products and advanced data technologies, coupled with a global, extensive and diverse energy data library, make TGS a trusted partner in supporting the exploration and production of energy resources worldwide. For further information, please visit www.tgs.com (https://www.tgs.com/).

    Forward Looking Statement

    All statements in this press release other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, which are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict and are based upon assumptions as to future events that may not prove accurate. These factors include volatile market conditions, investment opportunities in new and existing markets, demand for licensing of data within the energy industry, operational challenges, and reliance on a cyclical industry and principal customers. Actual results may differ materially from those expected or projected in the forward-looking statements. TGS undertakes no responsibility or obligation to update or alter forward-looking statements for any reason

    The MIL Network –

  • MIL-Evening Report: It’s almost winter. Why is Australia still so hot?

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Andrew King, Associate Professor in Climate Science, ARC Centre of Excellence for 21st Century Weather, The University of Melbourne

    This year, for many Australians, it feels like summer never left. The sunny days and warm nights have continued well into autumn. Even now, in May, it’s still unusually warm.

    Much of the southern half of the continent is experiencing both unseasonable warmth and dry conditions. This is linked to persistent high atmospheric pressure (called “blocking”) to the south and southeast of Australia.

    While temperatures will fall across southern Australia as we approach the winter solstice, early indications are that this winter will be a warm one. Rainfall predictions are less certain.

    The extra warmth we’ve experienced raises obvious questions about the influence of human-caused climate change. The warming signal is clear and it’s a sign of things to come.

    A warm and dry autumn for many

    March and April brought unseasonal heat to much of Australia.

    March was widely hot, with temperatures several degrees above normal across much of the country. But April’s heat was largely restricted to the southeast.

    Australia had its hottest March on record and the heat has continued, especially in Victoria and parts of New South Wales.
    Bureau of Meteorology

    Victoria had its warmest April on record, and parts of the state experienced temperatures more than 3°C above normal across both March and April.

    Temperatures normally fall quite quickly over the southeast of Australia during April and May as the days shorten and the continent’s interior cools. But this year, southern Australia was unusually warm at the start of May. Some locations experienced days with maximum temperatures more than 10°C above normal for the time of year.

    Records were broken in Hobart and parts of Melbourne, which had their warmest May nights since observations began.

    The start of May saw daytime maximum temperatures across much of Australia well above average for the time of year.
    Bureau of Meteorology

    While Queensland and the New South Wales coast have had very wet spells, including downpours from Tropical Cyclone Alfred at the start of March, other parts of Australia have been quite dry.

    The area between Adelaide and Melbourne has been exceptionally dry. A drought is unfolding in the region after a severe lack of rainfall, with deficits stretching back over the past year or so. Western Tasmania is also suffering from a severe lack of rainfall since the start of autumn, although welcome rain fell in the past week.

    And it’s not just on land that unusual heat has been observed. The seas around Australia have been warmer than normal, causing severe coral bleaching to the west and east of the continent, harmful algal blooms and other ecosystem disruptions.

    Warm seas likely triggered the microalgal bloom in coastal waters of South Australia.
    Anthony Rowland

    Blocking highs largely to blame

    A high pressure system has dominated over the south and southeast of Australia over the past few months.

    High pressure in the Tasman Sea can sometimes get stuck there for a few days. This leads to what’s known as “blocking”, when the usual passage of weather systems moving from west to east is obstructed. This can lock in weather patterns for several days or even a week.

    Repeated blocking occurred this autumn. As winds move anticlockwise around high pressure systems in the Southern Hemisphere, blocking highs in the Tasman Sea can bring moist, onshore winds to the New South Wales and Queensland coasts, increasing rainfall. But such high pressure systems also bring drier conditions for the interior of the southeast and much of Victoria and South Australia.

    Often, these high pressure systems also bring northerly winds to Victoria, and this can cause warmer conditions across much of the state.

    High pressure systems also tend to bring more clear and sunny conditions, which increases daytime temperatures in particular. Air in high pressure systems moves down towards the surface and this process causes warming, too.

    Australia sits between the Pacific and Indian Oceans and is subject to their variability, so we often look there to help explain what’s happening with Australia’s climate. In autumn though, our climate influences, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole, are less active and have weaker relationships with Australian climate than at other times of year. Neither of these climate influences is in a strong phase at the moment.

    A warm winter on the cards

    One big question is how long the heat will last. In parts of southeast Australia, including Melbourne, average temperatures drop quickly at this time of year as we approach the winter solstice.

    However, the seasonal outlook from the Bureau of Meteorology points to a high likelihood of a relatively warm winter.

    Australians rarely escape having a winter without any significant cold spells, but the long-range forecast suggests we should anticipate above-normal temperatures on average. Both daytime maximum temperatures and nighttime minimum temperatures are expected to be above average generally this winter.

    Climate and water long-range forecast, issued 1 May 2025 (Bureau of Meteorology)

    Global warming is here

    The elephant in the room is climate change. Human-caused climate change is increasing autumn temperatures and the frequency of late season heat events. As greenhouse gas emissions continue at a record pace, expect continued warming and a greater chance of autumn heatwaves in future.

    The effect of climate change on rainfall is less clear though. For the vast majority of Australia, there is high uncertainty as to whether autumn will become wetter or drier as the world warms.

    Andrew King receives funding from the ARC Centre of Excellence for 21st Century Weather and the National Environmental Science Program.

    – ref. It’s almost winter. Why is Australia still so hot? – https://theconversation.com/its-almost-winter-why-is-australia-still-so-hot-256071

    MIL OSI Analysis – EveningReport.nz –

  • MIL-OSI USA: May 8th, 2025 Heinrich Reacts to Trump’s Firing of Librarian of Congress

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for New Mexico Martin Heinrich
    WASHINGTON — U.S. Senator Martin Heinrich (D-N.M.), Ranking Member of the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, released the following statement reacting to President Trump firing Dr. Carla Hayden from her position as the Librarian of Congress:
    “President Trump fired our nation’s Librarian, Dr. Carla Hayden, by email at 6:56pm tonight, taking his assault on America’s libraries to a new level.
    “Over the course of her tenure, Dr. Hayden brought the Library of Congress to the people, with initiatives that reached into rural communities and made the Library accessible to all Americans, in person and online.
    “While President Trump wants to ban books and tell Americans what to read – or not to read at all, Dr. Hayden has devoted her career to making reading and the pursuit of knowledge available to everyone.
    “Be like Dr. Hayden.”

    Email from the Trump Administration terminating Dr. Carla Hayden from her position as the Librarian of Congress, May 8th, 2025.
    BACKGROUND:
    Dr. Carla Hayden was sworn in as the 14th Librarian of Congress on September 14, 2016. Dr. Hayden was nominated to the position by President Barack Obama on February 24, 2016, and her nomination was confirmed by the U.S. Senate later that year on July 13.
    The first woman and first African American to lead the national library, Dr. Hayden’s work to connect all Americans to the Library of Congress led to a redefinition and modernization of the Library’s mission: to engage, inspire and inform Congress and the American people with a universal and enduring source of knowledge and creativity.
    During her tenure, Dr. Hayden has prioritized efforts to make the Library and its unparalleled collections more accessible to the public. Through her social media presence, events and activities, she has introduced new audiences to many of the Library’s treasures – from Frederick Douglass’ papers, to the contents of President Abraham Lincoln’s pockets on the night of his assassination, to James Madison’s crystal flute made famous by Lizzo.
    By investing in information technology infrastructure and digitization efforts, she has enabled the American people to explore, discover and engage with more with this treasure trove of America’s stories maintained by the Library of Congress. With the support of a grant from Mellon Foundation, in 2021, Dr. Hayden launched the Of the People initiative, which is creating new opportunities for more Americans to engage with the Library and add their perspectives to the Library’s collections. The initiative has three programs that invest in community-based documentarians; fund paid internships and fellowships to engage the next generation of librarians, archivists and knowledge workers; and invite underserved communities and institutions to create digital engagements with Library collections.
    Prior to her current role, Dr. Hayden was the CEO of the Enoch Pratt Free Library in Baltimore, Maryland, since 1993. She was the deputy commissioner and chief librarian of the Chicago Public Library from 1991 to 1993, an assistant professor of library and information science at the University of Pittsburgh from 1987 to 1991 and library services coordinator for the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago from 1982 to 1987. She began her career with the Chicago Public Library as the young adult services coordinator from 1979 to 1982 and as a library associate and children’s librarian from 1973 to 1979.
    Dr. Hayden was president of the American Library Association from 2003 to 2004. In 1995, she was the first African American to receive Library Journal’s Librarian of the Year Award in recognition of her outreach services at the Pratt Library, which included an after-school center for Baltimore teens offering homework assistance and college and career counseling. Hayden received a B.A. from Roosevelt University and an M.A. and Ph.D. from the Graduate Library School of the University of Chicago.
    Among her numerous civic and professional memberships and awards, Dr. Hayden is an elected member of the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: WA Airports Get $66.7M For Safety & Capacity Upgrades From Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Funding

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for Washington Maria Cantwell
    05.08.25
    WA Airports Get $66.7M For Safety & Capacity Upgrades From Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Funding
    Cantwell announces $45.4M for Sea-Tac Airport, $7.3M for Tri-Cities Airport, $6.5M for Spokane Airport, nearly $4M for San Juan County airports; Other airports receive funding in Bellingham, Deer Park, Auburn, Richland, Anacortes, Odessa, & Bremerton
    WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today, U.S. Senator Maria Cantwell (D-WA), ranking member of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and senior member of the Senate Finance Committee, announced that 12 airports across the State of Washington received a total of $66,758,406 in Airport Infrastructure Grants (AIG).
    Enacted by the 2021 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), the Airport Infrastructure Grant (AIG) program provides $14.5 billion nationwide in funding over five years. Sen. Cantwell was instrumental in securing funding for the AIG program and Airport Terminal Program (ATP) in the 2021 BIL.
    AIG funding announced today includes:
    Seattle-Tacoma International Airport:  $45,400,000
    Tri-Cities Airport:  $7,366,530
    Spokane International Airport: $6,537,017
    Orcas Island Airport: $3,153,888
    Bellingham International Airport: $2,000,000
    Friday Harbor Airport: $834,000
    Deer Park Airport: $585,000
    Auburn Municipal Airport: $395,125
    Richland Airport: $180,500
    Anacortes Airport: $137,000
    Odessa Municipal Airport: $110,000
    Bremerton National Airport: $59,346
    Sea-Tac Award: Seattle-Tacoma International Airport will receive $45,400,000 for the Concourse S reconstruction project. This grant funds structural, seismic, and building system upgrades that have reached the end of their useful lives. This grant funds phase 2, which consists of design and pre-construction.
    “Sea-Tac is a vital hub for our region’s economy, and this investment will help ensure it remains safe, modern, and resilient,” said Senator Cantwell. “These upgrades to the S Concourse, the international doorway for travelers in the Pacific Northwest, will support the airport’s continued growth while creating good-paying jobs.”
    Tri-Cities Award: Tri-Cities Airport will receive $7,366,530 for its terminal expansion project. This grant funds an additional baggage make-up area to accommodate more passengers. This grant funds phase 1, which consists of design and construction. Last October, Sen. Cantwell visited the airport to tour the project.
    “Tri-Cities Airport is in the midst of a decade-long terminal redevelopment plan, and this funding adds to previous federal investments to speed up expansion of its outdated terminal and baggage handling infrastructure,” said Sen. Cantwell. “As passenger traffic continues to break records, this investment ensures the airport can meet future demand while supporting local jobs and economic development that benefit the region.”
    Spokane Award: Spokane International Airport will receive $6,537,017 for its TREX terminal expansion project. This grant funds construction of three gates and related areas, loading dock access road, fencing, and gates.
    “This funding is another win for Spokane International Airport’s terminal expansion project,” said Sen. Cantwell. ”The Inland Northwest’s main air travel hub continues to break records, serving more than 4.2 million passengers in 2024, the most ever. Expanding Concourse C by over 70,000 square feet and adding new gates will significantly enhance the airport’s capacity and passenger experience.”
    San Juan County Awards:
    Orcas Island Airport will receive $3,153,888 to rehabilitate 14,000 square yards of the existing northern and central portions of the Terminal Apron pavement to maintain the structural integrity of the pavement and to minimize foreign object debris.
    Friday Harbor Airport will receive a total of $834,000 for two projects. The airport will receive $486,000 to construct a new 10,000-square-foot sponsor-owned hangar for aircraft storage. The airport will also receive $348,000 project to expand an existing pump fuel facility.
    “This funding is a critical investment in the safety and sustainability of Orcas Island and Friday Harbor Airports, key gateways to the San Juans,” said Sen. Cantwell. “Rehabilitated runways will make flights into Orcas Island safer and smoother. Aircraft owners will be able to lease space at Friday Harbor Airport’s new hangar and buy more fuel at their expanded pump, generating more operating revenue for the airport. These projects will set the airports up to serve San Juan County visitors and residents for decades to come.”
    Other Awards:
    Bellingham International Airport will receive $2,000,000 for a project to rehabilitate 6,700 feet of existing paved Runway 16/34 to maintain its structural integrity and minimize foreign object debris to extend its useful life. This grant funds phase 1, which consists of design.
    Deer Park Airport will receive $585,000 toward construction of a new 347-foot Taxilane AS-1, 475-foot Taxilane AS-2, 369-foot Taxilane AS-3, and 312-foot Taxilane AS-4 to provide airfield access to a non-exclusive hangar development area to bring the airport into conformity with current standards.
    Auburn Municipal Airport will receive $395,125 for multiple infrastructure improvements including a new automated weather observing system (AWOS-IIIPT) to provide site-specific weather information and a new electrical generator and replace an existing airport rotating beacon that has reached the end of its useful life. This grant funds a portion of phase 2, which consists of construction.
    Richland Airport will receive $180,500 to expand the existing main apron by adding 6,040 square yards to bring the airport into conformity with current standards. This grant funds phase 1, which consists of design.
    Anacortes Airport will receive $137,000 for runway safety improvements including a new lighted wind cone navigational aid to provide pilots with critical airfield information, a runway end identifier lights system and precision approach path indicator system, and reconstructing the runway signage that has reached the end of its useful life. This grant funds phase 2, which consists of construction.
    Odessa Municipal Airport will receive $110,000 to acquire and install a replacement wind cone navigational aid to provide pilots with critical airfield information. This grant funds phase 2, which consists of construction.
    Bremerton National Airport will receive $59,346 to conduct an environmental study required to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act for the proposed Eastside Development Area project, which includes taxiway infrastructure, lighting, hangar, and cargo development.
    Sen. Cantwell worked hard to secure funding for air travel infrastructure nationwide as part of the 2021 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. With her support, the infrastructure package provided a total of $25 billion for airport improvements, including $5 billion for the Airport Terminal Program and $15 billion in Airport Infrastructure Grants. In 2023, airports across the state of Washington received nearly $200 million in federal funding through a combination of AIG, ATP, and the Airport Improvement Program, and in 2024, Washington state airports received over $133 million in federal funding.
    In addition, Sen. Cantwell also helped to secure over $217 million in Airport Rescue Grants for Washington airports to help them weather the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Last May, Sen. Cantwell additionally shepherded the passage of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024, which reauthorized the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) for five years. The new law included top Cantwell priorities including enhancing safety oversight, strengthening workforce development, boosting next-generation aviation innovation, and codifying consumer protections.

    Airport

    Amount

    City

    County

    Seattle-Tacoma International

    $           45,400,000

    Seattle

    King

    Tri-Cities

    $             7,366,530

    Pasco

    Franklin

    Spokane International

    $             6,537,017

    Spokane

    Spokane

    Orcas Island

    $             3,153,888

    Eastsound

    San Juan

    Bellingham International

    $             2,000,000

    Bellingham

    Whatcom

    Deer Park

    $                585,000

    Deer Park

    Spokane

    Friday Harbor

    $                486,000

    Friday Harbor

    San Juan

    Auburn Municipal

    $                395,125

    Auburn

    King

    Friday Harbor

    $                348,000

    Friday Harbor

    San Juan

    Richland

    $                180,500

    Richland

    Benton

    Anacortes

    $                137,000

    Anacortes

    Skagit

    Odessa Municipal

    $                110,000

    Odessa

    Lincoln

    Bremerton National

    $                  59,346

    Bremerton

    Kitsap

    TOTAL

    $          66,758,406

     
     

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-Evening Report: What’s the difference between probiotics and prebiotics? A dietitian explains

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Evangeline Mantzioris, Program Director of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Accredited Practising Dietitian, University of South Australia

    Simply Amazing/Shutterstock

    If you walk through your local pharmacy or supermarket you’re bound to come across probiotics and prebiotics.

    They’re added to certain foods. They come as supplements you can drink or take as a pill. They also occur naturally in everyday foods.

    You might have a vague idea that probiotics and prebiotics are healthy. Or perhaps you’ve heard they’re good for your “microbiome”.

    But what actually is your microbiome? And what’s the difference between probiotics and prebiotics anyway?

    First, some definitions

    The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization, and the World Health Organization, define probiotics as “live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit”. These microorganisms are the bacteria and yeasts in food such as yoghurt, sauerkraut and kombucha, and in supplements.

    But prebiotics refer to the “food” probiotics need to survive and replicate.

    Prebiotics are better known as dietary fibre. They include specific types of fibres called inulin-type fructans, galacto-oligosaccahrides, resistant starch and pectin. Prebiotics occur naturally in plant foods, are added to foods (such as bread and breakfast cereals) and come as supplements.

    Dietary fibre remains undigested in your stomach and small intestine until it reaches the large intestine. There, microorganisms (probiotics) break down (or ferment) the fibre (prebiotics), converting it into metabolites or nutrients linked to better health.

    How are they related to your microbiome?

    Both probiotics and prebiotics are said to encourage a healthy microbiome. That’s a healthy community of different microorganisms that live in or on your body. This includes those in the mouth, gut, skin, respiratory system and the urogenital tract (which handles urine, and has reproductive functions).

    Everyone’s microbiome is different and varies throughout your life. For instance, changing your diet, physical activity, hygiene, taking antibiotics or having an infection all affect your microbiome.

    These factors can change the diversity of your microbiome, that is how many different types of microorganisms you have. These factors can also alter the ratio of healthy microorganisms to unhealthy ones.

    Everyone’s microbiome is different and this community of microorganisms varies throughout your life.
    Elif Bayraktar/Shutterstock

    When your microbiome is less diverse or when the number of unhealthy microorganisms outgrow the number of healthy ones, this is known as dysbiosis. This can lead to problems including diarrhoea or constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, bleeding gums, atopic dermatitis (eczema) or acne.

    Probiotics and prebiotics are marketed as ways to support a healthy, diverse microbiome, and help to reduce the chance of dysbiosis.

    As taking antibiotics can alter your microbiome, they’re also marketed as a way of improving its microbial diversity when taking antibiotics or afterwards.

    Do probiotics work?

    The microbiome plays a crucial role in our health. For instance, a healthy microbiome has been linked to reduced risk of cancers, cardiovascular (heart) diseases, allergy diseases and inflammatory bowel disease.

    But how about taking probiotic supplements to boost your microbiome?

    A review of clinical trials looked at probiotic supplements in healthy people. It found no increase in the diversity of their microbiome.

    Another review of clinical trials looked at the impact of probiotic supplements while people were taking antibiotics. The diversity of their microbiome did not improve.

    Another study not included in these two reviews found probiotics could make microbial diversity worse in the short term. It found probiotic supplements delayed restoring the microbiome after taking antibiotics.

    Trying probiotics around the time you take antibiotics doesn’t seem to help your microbiome.
    one photo/Shutterstock

    What about prebiotics?

    There have been few studies on the impact of healthy people just taking prebiotic supplements. However, there are studies of people taking prebiotics with probiotics on particular aspects of health.

    For instance, one large review looked at various neuropsychiatric outcomes, including dementia, Parkinson’s disease and mild cognitive impairment, when people took prebiotics and probiotics (together or separately). Another review looked at the effect of prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics (supplements that contain both prebiotics and probiotics) on people with diabetes.

    But their findings are not conclusive. So we need more research to routinely recommend these supplements. They are also no replacement for standard medication and a healthy, balanced diet.

    So how do I keep my microbiome healthy?

    You’re better off getting your probiotics from everyday fermented foods, such as sauerkraut and kimchi.
    Tatjana Baibakova/Shutterstock

    Naturally occurring probiotics and prebiotics are in everyday foods.

    Probiotics are found in fermented foods such as cheese, sauerkraut, yoghurt, miso, tempeh and kimchi.

    Prebiotics are in the foods that contain fibre – all plant foods. It is important to have a variety of plant foods in your diet. This will ensure you get all the different types of fibre needed to keep your healthy bacteria alive, and to increase the diversity of your microbiome.

    Eating foods rather than consuming supplements also means you get the extra nutrients in the food.

    The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating recommends a diet rich in plant foods, and promotes eating fermented foods (in the form of cheese and yoghurt). This combination is ideal for maintaining a healthy microbiome.

    Evangeline Mantzioris is affiliated with Alliance for Research in Nutrition, Exercise and Activity (ARENA) at the University of South Australia. Evangeline Mantzioris has received funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council, and has been appointed to the National Health and Medical Research Council Dietary Guideline Expert Committee.

    – ref. What’s the difference between probiotics and prebiotics? A dietitian explains – https://theconversation.com/whats-the-difference-between-probiotics-and-prebiotics-a-dietitian-explains-248653

    MIL OSI Analysis – EveningReport.nz –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Senator Marshall Questions Nominee for Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services During HELP Committee Hearing

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for Kansas Roger Marshall

    Washington – U.S. Senator Roger Marshall, M.D. (R-Kansas) questioned Dr. James O’Neill, the nominee for the Deputy Secretary for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) during the most recent Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) hearing.

    Click HERE or on the image above to watch Senator Marshall’s full exchange with Dr. O’Neill.
    Highlights from the hearing include: 
    On how Dr. O’Neill will innovate at HHS:
    Senator Marshall: “You mentioned in your testimony that you’re anxious to reform our food system, to prioritize health.  Just kind of tell me what that vision looks like, and how can you work with Dr. Means and the other folks there at HHS.”
    Dr. O’Neill: “I know that you mentioned the word mitochondria. I’ve noticed that three years ago, people didn’t know anything about that. They remember from high school biology, oh yes, mitochondria the powerhouse of the cell. But in the past few years, thanks to a lot of smart people talking about metabolism, much more than the past, people are starting to be interested.
    “You know, infectious disease is still a very serious challenge to a lot of people, but metabolism, metabolic disorders, chronic diseases, are getting more attention. I think that’s wonderful. I hope they continue to get attention from researchers, from physicians, from patients.
    “Regarding the food system, the unfortunate situation today is that a lot of families really try hard to be healthier and have healthier habits, and it’s not easy. They go to the grocery store, and junk food is much cheaper than healthy food. They’re not even sure which food is healthy. Nutrition labels can be confusing. Official government nutrition advice, the dietary guidelines that two departments issue every five years often seem to lag by decades.
    “Actual nutrition science, real nutrition science, is so hard to do because there’s so many stakeholders with an interest in particular outcomes. I think it’s essential that we have good nutrition research that is free from outside influence.”
    On the mental health problems caused by excessive technology usage:
    Senator Marshall: “You also mentioned prioritize health for our children and children, and I want to just focus for a second on mental health. I’m not sure if you had the option to read the book ‘The Anxious Generation,’ but if you haven’t, surely would recommend that you do that. What role do you think social media apps have played in this, in the mental health of our children and young adults?”
    Dr. O’Neill: “Thank you, Senator, that’s a great concern. So, companies that develop apps have an interest in maximizing the amount of time that users spend on the apps, the amount of engagement try to hook them into it. That’s expected, given that they’re, you know, trying to grow their business. But that’s not necessarily what’s best for users, especially young users.
    “And so, there’s more and more awareness that social media can be an addiction and that it’s it especially could have a profound, lasting influence on young, developing brains. Brains seem to keep developing until age 25 so people that don’t even think of themselves as children could still be well. Adults could also suffer negatively. So yes, that is a concern that HHS should have a role in researching and communicating best practices.”
    On the need for unbiased, repeatable testing:
    Senator Marshall: “I just want to emphasize the importance of replicating previous studies. Again, you mentioned that in your testimony over 20 years ago. An NIH study on Alzheimer’s took us down the wrong direction, and that study was never replicated. So, what does that look like? I mean, you don’t want your best buddy to do the replication of that surgery. It needs to be another nonbiased person. So how do you implement that plan?”
    Dr. O’Neill: “Absolutely. So, there’s two ways a study could lead us on the wrong road. One is outright fraud, which has happened in Alzheimer’s research. And the other is, you know, it’s kind of bad luck.
    “You do one study, there was no intention of fraud, but the results, you know, were an unusual combination. The stars were in a certain alignment, and it’s also not going to replicate. So, you know, there’s a lot of talk about the replication crisis in all of science about 10 years ago, and it’s still an unsolved problem. I think NIH should devote and the problem is no one has a financial interest in replicating studies, so NIH should do that.
    “And I think that would be something that NIH can do best, whether that should be conducted operationally. As one whole division of NIH focused on replication, or where there should be a replication branch in each institute, I’m open to arguments both ways.”

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Lummis Introduces Bill to Protect Firefighters and Communities from Wildfire Threats

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for Wyoming Cynthia Lummis
    WASHINGTON, D.C. – Senate Western Caucus Chair Cynthia Lummis (R-WY) today led her colleagues in introducing the Forest Protection and Wildland Firefighter Safety Act of 2025, aimed at safeguarding firefighters, communities, and property in Wyoming and across the west from the destructive impacts of wildfires.
    Senators John Barrasso (R-WY), Mike Crapo (R-ID), Jim Risch (R-ID), Steve Daines (R-MT), and Tim Sheehy (R-MT) are original co-sponsors. Representative Doug LaMalfa (R-CA) also introduced a companion bill in the House of Representatives.
    “In Wyoming and across the west, we understand all too well the devastating toll wildfires take on our communities,” said Lummis. “Without timely access to fire retardant, lives and homes are at risk. In an emergency, we cannot afford to let bureaucracy slow down our response, and this legislation ensures firefighters have the tools they need to protect lives, property, and public lands.”
    “Our brave firefighters are on the frontlines fighting to protect communities in Wyoming and across the West. They can’t afford to wait for access to life saving resources, including fire retardant,” said Barrasso. “This legislation will ensure our firefighters have timely access to the tools they need to save lives and protect property.”
    “This year has already been one of the worst for wildfire on record, and as the bulk of fire season approaches, we cannot allow radical environmentalists to stand in the way of keeping our communities safe,” said Sheehy. “Ensuring our brave wildland firefighters have access to critical tools like fire retardant to combat the threat of catastrophic wildfire is the epitome of common sense, and I’m proud to join my colleagues on this important legislation.”
    “Montanans have been dealing with the devastating impacts of wildfires for years and we need to be doing all we can to mitigate their spread,” said Daines. “By reducing bureaucratic restrictions on the use of fire retardant, our firefighters will be better able to protect our communities and forests.”
    “Fire retardant is one of the most effective tools we have to stop wildfires from turning into disasters—especially in the West,” said LaMalfa. “Trying to ban its use during fire season isn’t just ridiculous, it’s dangerous. These extremist environmental groups are more worried about trace amounts of retardant than the real damage caused by out-of-control fires. Entire forests, homes, wildlife, and human lives are at stake. The smoke alone from one major wildfire can choke the air for hundreds of miles. We should be focused on stopping fires early, not tying firefighters’ hands with red tape.”
    “The Forest Protection and Wildland Firefighter Safety Act gives wildland firefighters the tools they need to protect lives, communities, and forests from catastrophic wildfire,” said Travis Joseph, President and CEO of American Forest Resource Council. “It will prevent unnecessary litigation that could block the aerial use of fire retardants—one of the most effective tools we have to slow the spread of fast-moving fires. This commonsense bill, paired with proactive, science-based forest management, is essential to confronting our nation’s growing wildfire and smoke crisis. With another dangerous fire season approaching, Congress must act swiftly to pass the Forest Protection and Wildland Firefighter Safety Act. We cannot afford to let our forests burn while proven suppression and management tools are tied up in red tape.”
    “UAFA is deeply troubled by efforts to restrict the use of aerially applied fire retardant through legal challenges,” said Paul Petersen, Executive Director of the United Aerial Firefighters Association (UAFA). “At a time when wildfires are expanding rapidly into the Wildland-Urban Interface where communities are at greater risk, fire retardant is a proven, essential tool in assisting wildland firefighters in their fight to contain, control and defeat wildfire. The tools that slow or stop the spread of wildfire are critical to protecting lives and property. As this lawsuit threatens to continue into its third year, UAFA strongly supports Congressman LaMalfa’s legislation, the Forest Protection and Wildland Firefighter Safety Act of 2025, which allows the federal, states, and tribal governments to continue the use of aerially applied fire retardants.” 
    “Maintaining healthy forests supports the economy in Northern California and beyond and safeguards communities at risk from catastrophic wildfire, but prevention is not enough,” said Matt Dias, President and CEO, Calforests. “Fire retardants have played an integral role in stopping some of the most devastating wildfires in recent history, and the Forest Protection and Wildland Firefighter Safety Act will ensure our wildland firefighters continue to have access to this critical firefighting tool. I urge Congress to pass the Forest Protection and Wildland Firefighter Safety Act to safeguard aerial fire retardants, which is ultimately a decision to prioritize lives, land, businesses, and forested environments.”
    “Butte County knows first-hand the destruction that wildfire can bring to our communities. It’s essential that fire fighters have the ability to use fire retardant to protect lives and communities,” said Tod Kimmelshue, Chair Butte County Board of Supervisors. 
    “Oregon is home to some of the most productive forests in the world, but the severe wildfire seasons in recent years have made it clear that many of these landscapes are increasingly vulnerable and at risk,” said Chris Edwards, President, Oregon Forest Industries Council. “In order to maintain this treasured resource for recreation, for key species habitat, and for the production of renewable building materials, the agencies that are responsible for keeping our communities and forests safe during wildfire season must have every tool in the toolbelt available for use. The Forest Protection and Wildland Firefighter Safety Act is a perfect example of commonsense legislation that will facilitate the timely and effective use of one of the most essential suppression tools available to us. We urge Congress to take quick and decisive action in passing this Act.”
    “The health, welfare, and economic prosperity of the residents of Butte County, along with many other rural communities, are uniquely reliant on—and impacted by—the Forest Service’s wildfire suppression efforts, which is why I am urging Congress to pass the Forest Protection and Wildland Firefighter Safety Act to allow the Forest Service to continue deploying aerial fire retardants,” said Doug Teeter, Butte County Supervisor.
    The legislation ensures that federal, state, local, and tribal firefighting agencies can continue using fire retardant to combat wildfires without being hindered by permitting delays. Specifically, it creates an exemption under the Clean Water Act, clarifying that a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit is not required for the use of fire retardant in active firefighting operations.
    Currently, agencies like the U.S. Forest Service operate under longstanding EPA guidance dating back to 1993, which affirms that fire control qualifies as a “non-point source silvicultural activity,” and thus does not require an NPDES permit. Despite this, environmental groups have filed lawsuits seeking to halt the use of fire retardant until such permits are issued—a process that could take years.
    If the injunction is granted and fire retardant is not available for use in 2025, firefighters and individuals living in forested areas would be in greater danger and billions of dollars of infrastructure would be at risk.
    The Forest Protection and Wildland Firefighter Safety Act of 2025 is strongly supported by the American Forest Resource Council (AFRC), Federal Forest Resource Coalition (FFRC), Montana Wood Products Association, California Forestry Association (Calforests), Oregon Forest Industries Council, Butte County California, National Alliance of Forest Owners, and United Aerial Firefighters Association (UAFA). 
    Click here to read the full bill text. 

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-Evening Report: ER Report: A Roundup of Significant Articles on EveningReport.nz for May 9, 2025

    ER Report: Here is a summary of significant articles published on EveningReport.nz on May 9, 2025.

    What is grounding and could it improve my sleep? Here’s the science behind this TikTok trend
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Dean J. Miller, Senior Lecturer, Appleton Institute, HealthWise Research Group, CQUniversity Australia Alexey Demidov/Pexels Have you ever felt an unexpected sense of calm while walking barefoot on grass? Or noticed your stress begin to fade as you stood ankle deep in the ocean? If so, you may

    Google is rolling out its Gemini AI chatbot to kids under 13. It’s a risky move
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Lisa M. Given, Professor of Information Sciences & Director, Social Change Enabling Impact Platform, RMIT University Studio Nut/Shutterstock Google has announced it will roll out its Gemini artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot to children under the age of 13. While the launch starts within the next week in

    PNG’s Gorethy Kenneth: 23 years of fearless journalism and unwavering truth
    PROFILE: By Alu J Kalinoe At Papua New Guinea’s Post-Courier, our senior journalists often operate in the shadows, yet their courageous efforts are often overlooked — continuously pushing boundaries to bring us important stories that shape our lives and venturing outside their comfort zones to deliver top-notch content. This is the tale of one of

    ‘Peace be with all of you’: how Pope Leo XIV embodies a living dialogue between tradition and modernity
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Darius von Guttner Sporzynski, Historian, Australian Catholic University When Robert Francis Prevost appeared on the loggia of St Peter’s Basilica as Pope Leo XIV, he set three precedents. He is the first pope from North America, the first Augustinian to occupy the throne of Peter, and the

    Experts split on Australia’s Papua New Guinea military recruitment plan
    By Caleb Fotheringham, RNZ Pacific journalist Australia’s plan to recruit from Papua New Guinea for its Defence Force raises “major ethical concerns”, according to the Australia Defence Association, while another expert thinks it is broadly a good idea. The two nations are set to begin negotiating a new defence treaty that is expected to see

    Hidden connections of more than 100 migratory marine species revealed in interactive map
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Lily Bentley, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland Wirestock Creators/Shutterstock From the enormous blue whale to the delicate monarch butterfly, animals of all shapes and sizes migrate across the globe. These migrations connect distant habitats, from the tropics to the poles. They

    As Filipinos prepare to vote, ex-strongman Rodrigo Duterte’s arrest is dividing families – all the way to the president
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Noel Morada, Visiting Professor, Nelson Mandela Centre, Chulalongkorn University; and Research Fellow, Asia Pacific Centre for the Responsibility to Protect, Chulalongkorn University It’s been two months since former Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte was arrested and handed over to the International Criminal Court (ICC) to face potential prosecution

    How the word ‘incel’ got away from us
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Farid Zaid, Senior Lecturer, Psychology, Monash University Javier Bermudez Zayas/Shutterstock Imagine a young man whose voice has been worn down by years of feeling invisible. Plain, numb and bitter, the “incel” tries to explain the kind of hopelessness most of us would rather not confront: I believed

    Kiwi kids once led the world in reading – this 1950s primary school syllabus still has lessons for today
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Ruth Boyask, Director of LitPlus, AUT School of Education, Auckland University of Technology Getty Images There is a well-known whakatauki (Māori proverb) that goes: “Ka mua, ka muri” – “walking backwards into the future”. It applies to many areas of life, but in education the idea of

    Some Reddit users just love to disagree, new AI-powered troll-spotting algorithm finds
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Marian-Andrei Rizoiu, Associate Professor in Behavioral Data Science, University of Technology Sydney ginger_polina_bublik/Shutterstock In today’s fractured online landscape, it is harder than ever to identify harmful actors such as trolls and misinformation spreaders. Often, efforts to spot malicious accounts focus on analysing what they say. However, our

    To split Moscow from Beijing, Trump is reviving Nixon’s ‘madman diplomacy’. It could backfire badly
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Ian Langford, Executive Director, Security & Defence PLuS and Professor, UNSW Sydney When United States President William McKinley advocated high‑tariff protectionism in 1896, he argued squeezing foreign competitors behind a 50% wall of duties would make America richer and safer. That logic framed US trade debates for

    A community-led health program in remote Arnhem land is showing promising results for First Nations locals
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Hasthi Dissanayake, Research Fellow in Indigenous Health, The University of Melbourne The Doherty Institute Indigenous Australians are more than twice as likely as non-Indigenous Australians to suffer from disease, particularly chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and kidney disease. The health disparities are worse in remote

    Why it’s important to read aloud to your kids – even after they can read themselves
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Robyn Cox, Professor of Literacy Education, University of Tasmania Mart Production/Pexels , CC BY Is reading to your kids a bedtime ritual in your home? For many of us, it will be a visceral memory of our own childhoods. Or of the time raising now grown-up children.

    Old drains and railways are full of life. Here’s how to make the most of these overlooked green spaces
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Hugh Stanford, Researcher Associate, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University Much of the old circular railway line in Paris, La Petite Ceinture, or Little Belt, has been turned into a public park. ldgfr photos, Shutterstock Across Australian cities, leftover and overlooked green spaces are everywhere. Just think

    Ever wanted to ditch the 9-to-5 and teach snowsports? We followed people who did it for 10 years
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Marian Makkar, Senior Lecturer in Marketing, RMIT University Konstantin Shishkin/Shutterstock Workplace burnout – a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion – and the COVID pandemic have sparked a rethink of the traditional 9-to-5 job. It’s been estimated 30% of the Australian workforce is experiencing some degree

    Stepmums, alien mums, robot mums, vengeful mums: 7 films to watch this Mother’s Day
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Jessica Gildersleeve, Professor of English Literature, University of Southern Queensland With Mother’s Day around the corner, you may be wondering what gift you’ll give mum – or any of the mums in your life. This year, why not skip the fancy dinner and offer one of the

    Pope Leo XIV faces limits on changing the Catholic Church − but Francis made reforms that set the stage for larger changes
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Dennis Doyle, Professor Emeritus of Religious Studies, University of Dayton Newly elected Pope Leo XIV appears at the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica at the Vatican on Thursday, May 8, 2025. AP Photo/Andrew Medichini Cardinal Robert Prevost of the United States has been picked to be the

    Grattan on Friday: Bitter struggle in Liberals for likely poisoned chalice, as Jacinta Price defects from Nationals
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Michelle Grattan, Professorial Fellow, University of Canberra By late last week it was clear Labor would win the election, but it came as more of a surprise when Peter Dutton lost the Queensland seat of Dickson he’d held since 2001. Nor did many anticipate Greens leader Adam

    Fiji media’s Stan Simpson blasts ‘hypocrites’ in social media clash over press freedom
    Pacific Media Watch Barely hours after being guest speaker at the University of the South Pacific‘s annual World Press Freedom Day event this week, Fiji media industry stalwart Stanley Simpson was forced to fend off local trolls whom he described as “hypocrites”. “Attacked by both the Fiji Labour Party and ex-FijiFirst MPs in just one

    Politics with Michelle Grattan: David Pocock wants us to aim for up to 90% reduction in emissions by 2035
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Michelle Grattan, Professorial Fellow, University of Canberra In the new parliament the government is expected to need only the Greens to pass the legislation opposed by the Coalition. Counting is not finished but on present indications it won’t require any other Senate crossbenchers. Given Labor’s enhanced position

    MIL OSI Analysis – EveningReport.nz –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Happy Great Victory Day!

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: Novosibirsk State University – Novosibirsk State University – Dear students, teachers and staff of the university! We sincerely congratulate you on Victory Day!

    This holiday reminds us of the great feat of our compatriots who fought for the freedom and independence of the Motherland.

    Many outstanding scientists who stood at the origins of Siberian science, directly participated in military actions and made their tangible contribution to the victory of the people of the Soviet Union over fascist Germany thanks to their scientific works. Many university teachers were at the front, survived all the hardships of the war, later returned to study, teaching, science and dedicated their lives to raising new generations of scientists, engineers, researchers.

    We are proud that our university is implementing many projects dedicated to this important date. They help preserve the memory of those who gave their lives for our freedom and pass this memory on to future generations.

    We wish you good health, prosperity and a peaceful sky above your head! Let this holiday be a reason for pride and unity for all of us.

    Happy holiday, dear friends!

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: China’s private sector moves to new level of legal protection

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: People’s Republic of China in Russian – People’s Republic of China in Russian –

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    On April 30, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress voted to pass China’s first basic law regulating the development of the private sector, the Law on Promoting the Development of the Private Sector. The law will go into effect on May 20, marking a shift from state support for private businesses to legal protection.

    The law covers the entire life cycle of private enterprises – from creation and development to termination of activities, and also takes into account the key interests of various stakeholders in matters of fair competition, investment and financing, protection of rights and interests, and scientific and technological innovation.

    An important task of the law is to boost the innovation capacity of private enterprises in the context of the new national strategy, said Feng Guo, vice president of the Economic Law Research Association of the China Law Society and a professor at the Wuhan University School of Law.

    Currently, private enterprises play a leading role in technological innovation in China, accounting for more than 70% of the country’s technological achievements, and accounting for more than 80% of specialized and innovative small and medium enterprises (“little giants”) and more than 90% of national high-tech enterprises. This year, private companies have made significant breakthroughs in areas such as generative artificial intelligence, intelligent robotics, civil aviation, and quantum technology.

    Tian Xuan, director of the National Institute of Financial Research at Tsinghua University, noted that the law contains a separate section on technological innovation. This is aimed at supporting private enterprises and stimulating investment in science and technology, which will contribute to the development of productive forces of new quality. It also demonstrates the state’s recognition of the important role of private entrepreneurs and the private sector in technological innovation.

    The private sector of the economy plays a huge role in advanced technologies. The law particularly emphasizes the need to encourage the participation of private enterprises in innovation and the development of major projects and key industries, as well as to give them the opportunity to lead these processes.

    The law provides support for the participation of private organizations in research and development of common digital and intelligent technologies, the creation of a data market, the legal and rational use of data, and the development and use of open public data.

    Tian Xuan also noted that an important part of the Law is dedicated to protecting the rights and interests of private enterprises. This will allow entrepreneurs to focus on running their business, long-term investment and technological innovation, without being distracted by other issues.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI China: China, Russia example of relations, cooperation between major countries: Joint statement

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin sign a joint statement on further deepening the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era after their talks at the Kremlin in Moscow, Russia, May 8, 2025. [Photo/Xinhua]

    China and Russia have set a model for the world on building new-type international relations as well as on developing cooperation between major countries and between the countries as each other’s biggest neighbor, said a bilateral joint statement on Thursday.

    The joint statement on further deepening the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era was released after Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin held talks in the Russian capital.

    The statement noted that the relations between China and Russia have reached the highest level in history with a steady and across-the-board development.

    China and Russia are each other’s important trade partner, and the two sides agree that the bilateral mutually beneficial cooperation has strongly contributed to the improvement of the well-being of the two peoples, the statement said.

    In efforts to further enhance the cooperation, China and Russia agree to push for a stable expansion of two-way trade with an optimized structure through lifting the share of high-tech products and fostering innovative forms of e-commerce, among other efforts.

    They will work to deepen investment cooperation and consolidate the overall energy cooperation partnership, according to the statement.

    The two sides will also jointly explore the potential in science and technology cooperation, finding new direction in areas including innovation and basic and applied researches, conducting regular selection and implementation of joint programs, and encouraging new patterns for collaboration, according to the statement.

    The statement said that the two countries will comprehensively deepen their practical cooperation in fields ranging from economic and trade, customs, agriculture, transportation, finance, industry, environmental protection, aerospace and satellite navigation, nuclear energy, urban construction to health care and information and communication technology, ensuring a higher-quality and upgraded bilateral cooperation by 2030.

    MIL OSI China News –

  • MIL-OSI China: Shanghai’s World Bank survey success reflects China’s reform resolve

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    Shanghai’s dynamic business hub is radiating confidence and vitality. In a new World Bank survey of 2,189 Chinese firms, Shanghai stood out with 22 business environment indicators ranking among the world’s top performers, more than any other city measured.

    The latest World Bank Enterprise Survey, conducted from January 2024 to February 2025, found that Shanghai leads the world in categories from power reliability to electronic payments. This haul even outshines Singapore, which had 10 top-tier indicators in an earlier assessment.

    The World Bank introduced the Business Ready (B-READY) Report in May 2023, which is a new approach that draws on a data collection process that includes specially tailored expert questionnaires and firm-level surveys.

    According to the survey, China’s overall enterprise survey scores were quite strong, exceeding the median of 103 economies in six out of eight topic areas, including commercial dispute resolution, taxation, financial services and international trade.

    Notably, among the 59 indicators used in B-READY, China achieved global top-tier performance in 12 indicators, including e-payments, electricity access and workforce training. Additionally, the country reached global advanced standards in areas such as construction permits, water supply, internet connectivity, and innovation.

    According to Elaine Chen, a partner at PwC China, which conducted the survey, Chinese firms demonstrated exceptional time efficiency, with VAT refunds processed in just one week and trade clearance time (3 days for exports, 10 for imports, on average) outperforming regional peers.

    “China’s strong results will be a reference to the World Bank’s final evaluation in September,” Chen noted.

    As an outstanding performer, Shanghai’s 22 world-best indicators span a broad array of business concerns. Regarding the reliability of electricity supply, the city’s enterprises reported zero power outages in the past year. Regarding access to financial services, Shanghai achieved zero transaction costs for electronic payments.

    Shanghai also reported perfect scores in commercial mediation (100), customs satisfaction (99.13), and internet provider flexibility (96.2). Beyond these, the metropolis scored at or near global best practice on measures such as tax processing speed, loan approvals, and internet stability, reflecting its advanced regulatory framework and commitment to efficiency.

    What lies behind these numbers is a vigorous push to modernize the city’s business environment. Many of Shanghai’s reforms in recent years have directly targeted the pain points that the World Bank survey measures. For example, the city enacted in 2016 a regulation on power supply and utilization that requires utility companies to fix outages within an hour.

    The findings underscore Shanghai’s success in aligning with international standards, streamlining regulations, and enhancing public services — a testament to China’s broader strides in cultivating a business-friendly environment, said Luo Peixin, vice president of East China University of Political Science and Law.

    Luo highlighted Shanghai’s institutional reforms as key drivers of progress. “Shanghai’s model offers a blueprint for nationwide improvements.”

    After years of steadfast reform, Shanghai has made the business environment a top priority since 2018, when Shanghai launched its first annual action plan of business climate reforms.

    Every year since then, the Shanghai municipal government convened a high-profile conference on optimizing the business environment to announce new measures. These action plans have so far introduced over 1,100 specific reform tasks and measures.

    Luo noted that by driving institutional reforms and optimizing working methods, Shanghai can further enhance corporate satisfaction and sense of gain.

    MIL OSI China News –

  • MIL-OSI China: Joint statement: China, Russia example of relations, cooperation between major countries

    Source: China State Council Information Office

    Joint statement: China, Russia example of relations, cooperation between major countries

    Xinhua | May 9, 2025

    China and Russia have set a model for the world on building new-type international relations as well as on developing cooperation between major countries and between the countries as each other’s biggest neighbor, said a bilateral joint statement on Thursday.

    The joint statement on further deepening the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era was released after Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin held talks in the Russian capital.

    The statement noted that the relations between China and Russia have reached the highest level in history with a steady and across-the-board development.

    China and Russia are each other’s important trade partner, and the two sides agree that the bilateral mutually beneficial cooperation has strongly contributed to the improvement of the well-being of the two peoples, the statement said.

    In efforts to further enhance the cooperation, China and Russia agree to push for a stable expansion of two-way trade with an optimized structure through lifting the share of high-tech products and fostering innovative forms of e-commerce, among other efforts.

    They will work to deepen investment cooperation and consolidate the overall energy cooperation partnership, according to the statement.

    The two sides will also jointly explore the potential in science and technology cooperation, finding new direction in areas including innovation and basic and applied researches, conducting regular selection and implementation of joint programs, and encouraging new patterns for collaboration, according to the statement.

    The statement said that the two countries will comprehensively deepen their practical cooperation in fields ranging from economic and trade, customs, agriculture, transportation, finance, industry, environmental protection, aerospace and satellite navigation, nuclear energy, urban construction to health care and information and communication technology, ensuring a higher-quality and upgraded bilateral cooperation by 2030.

    MIL OSI China News –

  • MIL-Evening Report: What is grounding and could it improve my sleep? Here’s the science behind this TikTok trend

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Dean J. Miller, Senior Lecturer, Appleton Institute, HealthWise Research Group, CQUniversity Australia

    Alexey Demidov/Pexels

    Have you ever felt an unexpected sense of calm while walking barefoot on grass? Or noticed your stress begin to fade as you stood ankle deep in the ocean? If so, you may have unknowingly “grounded” yourself to the earth.

    Grounding, also known as earthing, is the practice of making direct physical contact with the Earth’s surface. Our ancestors embraced this trend without knowing it. But with the invention of indoor homes, footpaths, roads, and even shoes, we have become less physically connected with the earth.

    Grounding has been suggested to have a number of benefits, such as improving mood, and reducing stress and pain. But overall, there’s limited conclusive evidence on the benefits of grounding.

    Somewhat ironically, the concept of grounding in 2025 is heavily influenced by technology, rather than getting out into nature. Consumers are being hit with social media reels promoting a range of technologies that ground us, and improve our health.

    Among the most common are promises of improved sleep with the use of a grounding sheet or mat. But is this just another TikTok trend, or could these products really help us get a better night’s sleep?

    Bringing the outdoors in

    The human body is conductive, which means it can exchange electricity with Earth and artificial sources, such as electronic devices or objects. (Sometimes, this exchange can result in an electric or static shock.)

    Proponents of grounding claim the practice reconnects “the conductive human body to the Earth’s natural and subtle surface electric charge”.

    They credit this process with physiological and psychological benefits (but again, the evidence is limited).



    Read more:
    Why do I get static shocks from everyday objects? Is it my shoes?

    Grounding technologies can vary in type (for example, under-desk foot mats, mattress toppers and bed sheets) but all are designed to provide a path for electric charges to flow between your body and the earth.

    The bottom prong you see in your three-prong wall socket is a “ground” or “earth” terminal. It provides a direct connection to earth via your building’s wiring, diverting excess or unsafe voltage into the ground. This protects you and your devices from potential electrical faults.

    Grounding technology uses this terminal as a pathway for the proposed electrical exchange between you and earth, while in the comfort of your home.

    Could grounding improve your sleep?

    The research in this area is still emerging.

    A 2025 study from Korea recruited 60 participants, gave half of them a grounding mat, and gave the other half a visually identical mat that didn’t have grounding technology. The researchers used a “double-blind” protocol, meaning neither the participants nor the researchers knew which participants were given grounding mats.

    All participants wore sleep trackers and were asked to use their mat (that is, sit or lie on it) for six hours per day. The researchers found that after 31 days, participants in the grounding mat group slept longer on average (as measured by their sleep trackers) than those in the control group.

    The researchers also used questionnaires to collect measures of insomnia, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and stress. After 31 days, participants in both groups improved on all measures.

    There were no differences between the grounded and ungrounded groups for sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and stress. And while grounded participants showed significantly lower insomnia severity after the intervention, this difference was also present at the start of the study. So it’s unclear if grounding had a tangible impact on sleep.

    Could grounding technologies really help you sleep better?
    Andrea Piacquadio/Pexels

    In another double-blind study, published in 2022, researchers in Taiwan examined the effectiveness of using grounding mats to improve sleep among patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The findings indicated that spending 30 minutes on a grounding mat five times per week resulted in improved sleep quality.

    While previous research has suggested using grounding technologies may lead to improvements in mood, no differences were seen in measures of anxiety and depression in this study.

    Grounding for gains?

    Grounding technology has also been touted as having other benefits, such as reducing pain and inflammation.

    A 2019 study found participants who slept on a grounding mat after intense exercise felt less sore and showed lower levels of inflammation in their blood compared to those who were ungrounded.

    Grounding after a workout may help you feel better and recover faster, but it’s still unclear whether and how grounding affects long-term training results or fitness gains.

    There’s some evidence grounding could help with exercise recovery.
    Monster Ztudio/Shutterstock

    Add to cart?

    So should you cash in on your favourite influencer’s discount code and grab a grounding mat? At the risk of spouting a common cliche of cautious scientists, our answer is that we don’t know yet.

    What we do know is the existing research, albeit emerging, has shown no evidence grounding technology can negatively affect your sleep or recovery after exercise. So if you love your grounding mat or grounding sheet, or want to see if grounding works for you, feel free to give it a go.

    Keep in mind, grounding products can retail for anywhere from around A$30 to $300 or more.

    On the other hand, grounding on the grass in the great outdoors is free. While there’s limited evidence that grounding outdoors can improve sleep, spending time in outdoor light may itself benefit sleep, regulate circadian rhythms, and improve mood.

    Finally, while grounding could be an interesting strategy to try, if you’re experiencing ongoing problems with your sleep, or suspect you may have a sleep disorder, the first step should be reaching out to a medical professional, such as your GP.

    The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. What is grounding and could it improve my sleep? Here’s the science behind this TikTok trend – https://theconversation.com/what-is-grounding-and-could-it-improve-my-sleep-heres-the-science-behind-this-tiktok-trend-253347

    MIL OSI Analysis – EveningReport.nz –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Pallone Announces Coding and App Building Competition for NJ Students

    Source: United States House of Representatives – Congressman Frank Pallone (6th District of New Jersey)

    WASHINGTON, DC – Congressman Frank Pallone, Jr. (NJ-6) announced that his office will be participating in the Congressional App Challenge (CAC), an app competition for students interested in computer science, app development, and coding. The Challenge submission period will run from May 1, 2025, through October 30, 2025. The competition is open to all middle and high school students from New Jersey’s Sixth Congressional District who meet the eligibility requirements, regardless of coding experience.

    Interested students can register to participate by visiting the Congressional App Challenge website where the rules, prizes, and past winners can also be found.

    “The Congressional App Challenge is a wonderful opportunity for students to demonstrate their technical and creative skills,” said Pallone. “As the top Democrat on the House Energy and Commerce Committee, I have seen how innovative technology is creating new industries and opportunities for countless Americans.  We must continue to make investments in STEM education in New Jersey to ensure the next generation has the skills and tools needed to keep the United States as the world’s top innovator for years to come.”

    Winners will be selected by panels of expert judges from local communities and will be honored by Congressman Pallone. Their apps will be featured on a display in the U.S. Capitol building and on the Congressional App Challenge website. The CAC was created because Congress recognized that STEM and computer-based skills are essential for economic growth and innovation, and that the U.S. has been falling behind on these fronts.

    Ekya Dogra, Sahil Ghosh, and Adithiya Venkatakrishnan of Edison Academy Magnet School won last year’s competition for “RADR,” an app designed to enhance amber alerts and assist in child abduction cases.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Pallone to Trump Admin: Stop 9/11 Health Program’s Care Disruptions, Staff Terminations

    Source: United States House of Representatives – Congressman Frank Pallone (6th District of New Jersey)

    NJ 6th District Congressman says Trump has disrupted cancer treatment for 9/11 first responders

    WASHINGTON, D.C. — Congressman Frank Pallone Jr., D-N.J., the top Democrat on the House Energy and Commerce Committee, today sent a letter to Trump’s Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. demanding answers about the recent staffing upheaval and treatment delays at the World Trade Center Health Program (WTCHP), which provides medical care to more than 132,000 9/11 responders and survivors.

    Pallone voiced concern that while the Trump administration has partially walked back some terminations, “the chaos you are inflicting upon the program is extremely troubling.”

    The New Jersey Congressman wrote that despite the alleged reinstatement of some employees, “16 World Trade Center Health Program staff members were informed of their termination, effective by early summer,” disrupting critical operations including “enrollment, health condition certification, research oversight, and contract management.”

    “These actions, coupled with the mass terminations of employees at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health announced in February, severely disrupt mission critical operations for the World Trade Center Health Program,” Pallone continued in his letter to Kennedy. “These actions break our nation’s vow to the 9/11 first responder and survivor community to provide the injured and their families the aid they need and deserve.”

    The letter also cites alarming real-world consequences, including testimony from Dr. David Prezant, chief medical officer for the New York City Fire Department and Director of its World Trade Center Health Program, who said a 9/11 responder with life-threatening pancreatic cancer was told he couldn’t start chemotherapy, while others with new cancer diagnoses were also denied care.

    “There were potentially more than 1,200 condition certifications paused, including for cancer,” Pallone wrote.

    Pallone called on Secretary Kennedy to “cease any additional actions to terminate staff, providers, or limit any WTCHP program operations,” and to provide “a comprehensive briefing on the recent actions you’ve taken regarding the World Trade Center Health Program and the specific actions you, as Secretary, will take to ensure the program remains fully equipped to deliver life-saving care.”

    The World Trade Center Health Program provides essential treatment and monitoring to responders and survivors from Ground Zero, the Pentagon and the Shanksville, Pennsylvania, crash site. It provides care in all 50 states and nearly every congressional district.

    The full letter can be found here and below:

    Secretary Kennedy, 

    I write to you today to strongly protest the latest staffing reductions for the World Trade Center Health Program (WTCHP).  The Department’s actions have caused chaos and confusion, leading directly to the denial of cancer treatments and the prevention of hundreds more from accessing medical treatment. 

    Despite reporting of the alleged reinstatement of 15 employees of the originally terminated 16 employees, the chaos you are inflicting upon the program is extremely troubling.[1]  The most recent data by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show that the WTCHP provides essential medical treatment, monitoring, and research to more than 132,000 first responders and survivors from the World Trade Center and lower Manhattan, the Pentagon, and the Shanksville, Pennsylvania crash site.  The program serves individuals in all 50 states and nearly every Congressional district.[2]  These actions, coupled with the mass terminations of employees at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) announced in February, severely disrupt mission critical operations for the WTCHP.  These actions break our nation’s vow to the 9/11 first responder and survivor community to provide the injured and their families the aid they need and deserve.[3]

    On May 2, 2025, 16 WTCHP staff members were informed of their termination, effective by early summer.[4]  These career civil servants perform vital functions, including enrollment, health condition certification, research oversight, and contract management for the WTCHP.  They were placed on administrative leave despite previous assurances from you that no such terminations would occur.[5]  Meanwhile, it is my understanding that until there was public outrage, Dr. John Howard’s role overseeing the program remained in limbo.  He was recently reinstated to his post, but only until June 2, 2025.  This is no way to run this critical health care program.

    Your reckless decisions have devastating real-world consequences. Alarmingly, Dr. David Prezant, chief medical officer of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY) and Director of its World Trade Center Health Program, stated that a 9/11 responder with life-threatening pancreatic cancer was told that he couldn’t start chemotherapy.[6]  There are also at least three FDNY employees who have been diagnosed with cancers believed to be related to their service at Ground Zero, who have not been able to get approval for care.[7]  There has even been reports of a full halt to enrollment of any new responders and survivors.[8]  Furthermore, there were potentially more than 1,200 condition certifications that were paused, including for cancer, preventing patients from accessing medical treatment and the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund.[9]  This is a travesty. 

    As a result of your chaos and confusion, the WTCHP will continue to remain severely understaffed and deeply destabilized.  By design, the program is meant to be science-driven, apolitical, and survivor-focused.  It is now being subjected to opaque internal decisions and political interference that put the health and safety of thousands of Americans in jeopardy.  To date, your department has not provided a clear or honest explanation.  The Department’s communications have denied basic facts already confirmed by internal documents and public reporting.[10]  The lack of transparency and accountability is unacceptable.

    This is not a partisan issue. Members of Congress from both sides of the aisle, along with survivors, advocates, and 9/11 families, are united in their deep concern and outrage.  The World Trade Center Health Program must be preserved, fully staffed, and protected—not hollowed out under the Trump Administration’s false flag of ending waste.  

    I demand you cease any additional actions to terminate staff, providers, or limit WTCHP program operations.  I demand transparency in the Department’s decision making on past and future administrative actions to this program.  As such, please  provide me and my staff with a comprehensive briefing no later than May 22 on the recent actions you have taken regarding the WTCHP and the specific actions you will take to ensure the program remains fully equipped to deliver life-saving care to current participants and future enrollees.

    I look forward to your prompt response to this critical issue to our 9/11 heroes.

    Sincerely,

    ###

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Pallone Slams Trump Admin for Withholding Accurate Forecasts as Pine Barrens Burn

    Source: United States House of Representatives – Congressman Frank Pallone (6th District of New Jersey)

    Washington, DC – Congressman Frank Pallone, Jr. (NJ-06), the top Democrat on the House Energy and Commerce Committee, today revealed deeply troubling dysfunction inside the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that threatens the agency’s ability to alert public safety agencies to extreme weather – even as wildfires rage in New Jersey’s Pine Barrens.

    NOAA research labs like Princeton’s Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are being forced to slash vital forecasting operations due to staffing cuts and an outrageous new Trump Administration policy requiring NOAA expenditures – from individual scientists’ employment contracts down to electricity and internet bills – be personally approved by Trump’s Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick.

    “This absurd micromanagement is designed to kill off the federal agency tasked with trying to understand and respond to our changing environment and preserve our natural resources,” Pallone said. “And while the Pine Barrens burn, the people who protect us are being starved of the data they need to act.”

    As a result of funding delays and job losses across NOAA’s research arms, national labs like GFDL have been forced to scale back their contributions to the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) database. The seasonal forecasts—used to predict drought, temperature, and rainfall—will only have accurate data once per quarter, instead of each month. Emergency planners, including the New Jersey Forest Fire Service, received their last complete data set in April. New data was expected tomorrow, May 1, but due to the Trump Administration’s restrictions, it won’t arrive. The next update isn’t expected until July. 

    “These reports help public safety agencies and first responders prepare for drought conditions that can spark fires like the one engulfing Lacey Township right now,” Pallone continued. “Without them, communities are flying blind.”

    Pallone placed the blame squarely on the Trump Administration’s deliberate sabotage of climate science and emergency preparedness.  NOAA contracts and grants—many essential to keeping research labs operating—are stuck in Secretary Lutnick’s inbox awaiting his personal approval. Postdoctoral researchers at NOAA labs are now receiving 60-day termination notices as their contracts approach expiration in June.

    “Lutnick can’t even keep up with Trump’s tariff disaster, and now he’s supposed to personally approve NOAA’s utility bills?” Pallone said. “This guy is juggling trade talks with imaginary countries while American scientists are getting pink slips. It’s a circus and Jersey is paying the price.”

    Pallone reiterated his call for the immediate release of frozen funds and restoration of normal NOAA operations. On April 16, he led New Jersey’s Democratic Congressional Delegation in a letter to Secretary Lutnick demanding stable Fiscal Year 2026 funding and an immediate reversal of staffing cuts, funding freezes, and program terminations.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI Global: From the moment he steps onto the balcony, each pope signals his style of leadership – here’s how Pope Leo XIV’s appearance compares with Pope Francis’ first

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Daniel Speed Thompson, Associate Professor of Religious Studies, University of Dayton

    Newly elected Pope Leo XIV waves to pilgrims gathered in St. Peter’s Square shortly after his election on May 8, 2025. Vatican Media via AP

    As crowds celebrated in St. Peter’s Square, a man in white and red stepped onto the balcony of the basilica, prompting cheers from the plaza.

    It was American Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost: Pope Leo XIV, as he will now be known. On May 8, 2025 – the second day of the conclave following Pope Francis’ death – the College of Cardinals selected him to lead the Catholic Church.

    In the days to come, people may pore over videos of those first few minutes of Leo’s papacy, analyzing everything from his vestments and multilingual speech to his choice of papal name. Appearing on the balcony of St. Peter’s is a pope’s first appearance – a tradition full of symbolism.

    I am a scholar who studies Roman Catholic theology and history. I am particularly interested in how popes exercise authority and leadership today, including their use of symbols.

    When Francis first appeared on that balcony in 2013, he used four aspects of the ritual to convey a message about his intentions for his papacy. Leo, too, adapted symbols of the ritual – and time will tell how much of his own intentions he showed.

    Pilgrims at the Vatican react after the announcement of the newly elected Pope Leo XIV.
    AP Photo/Francisco Seco

    What’s in a name?

    Since the sixth century C.E., new bishops of Rome have often taken a new name. Jorge Mario Bergoglio opted for “Francis,” the first pope to do so.

    It refers to Francis of Assisi, an Italian saint who lived at the turn of the 13th century who was renowned for his simplicity, poverty, concern for the Earth and desire to imitate Jesus. Over the next 12 years, these traits proved central to his papacy.

    Prevost chose “Leo,” making him the 14th pope to bear that name.

    Which Leo is the new pope referring to as his model? Probably more than one. One of the most significant Pope Leos, however, was the most recent. Leo XIII was pope from 1878-1903, and is particularly remembered for his writings on social justice, economics, politics and labor, which have grounded Catholic social teaching for more than 100 years.

    Leo XIII is also credited for promoting Thomas Aquinas, the important medieval theologian and saint, as the model for Catholic theology and its response to the modern world.

    Not a king

    On the balcony, Francis wore simple white papal garments instead of the more elaborate adornments worn by some of his predecessors. He wore his old, simple cross across his chest, rather than a new, more luxurious one.

    Francis waves during his first appearance as pope on March 13, 2013.
    AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky

    Popes have worn white garments as a symbol of their office for centuries. But many of them also used symbols of monarchy, such as the triple papal tiara or crown. Pope Paul VI, whose papacy was from 1963-1978, was the last to wear the tiara and to have a coronation ceremony. The following year, he sold the crown and donated the proceeds to emphasize the church’s commitment to the poor.

    Later popes have followed Paul’s example of avoiding royal symbolism, such as by no longer using a “sedia gestatoria,” the portable throne that traditionally carried the pope in formal processions. Francis took this trend even further and made simplicity of dress and lifestyle a hallmark of his time in office.

    When he appeared on the balcony, Leo returned to the tradition of popes before Francis by wearing the “mozzetta,” a short cape, and the gold cross offered to a pope when he accepts the office – showing somewhat more continuity with his predecessors.

    Bishop of Rome

    When Francis first addressed the crowd in St. Peter’s, he described himself as the new bishop of Rome.

    In Catholicism, the pope holds many titles representing the scope and duties of his office. For starters, he is not only the spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic Church but “sovereign of the State of Vatican City.”

    In terms of religious titles, some accentuate the pope’s authority. “Vicar of Christ,” for example, means he is Jesus’ representative on Earth. Others, such as “servus servorum Dei” – “servant of the servants of God” – emphasize his role as a support to other bishops and ministers of the church.

    Francis certainly did not deny the traditional authority of the pope’s office. However, he chose to identify himself first as the local bishop of the diocese of Rome, emphasizing how even the pope was first part of a local community. In the official Vatican yearbook for 2020, Francis listed his only title as “Bishop of Rome” and listed the rest as “historic.”

    Catholics from the parish of St. Joan Antida in Rome arrive to attend Pope Francis’ inaugural Mass at the Vatican on March 19, 2013.
    AP Photo/Domenico Stinellis

    When the new Pope Leo addressed the crowd, he described himself as the “successor of Peter,” the first pope. Like Francis before him, he also referred to the pope’s role as “bishop of Rome,” quoting the early church theologian St. Augustine: “For you I am a bishop, with you I am a Christian.” This identifies him first as a fellow Christian – and in that sense, not just a leader above his flock.

    ‘Pray for me’

    Francis asked the assembled crowd to pray for him before he offered his first papal blessing.

    Traditionally, popes making their first appearance would offer a blessing to the people gathered in St. Peter’s Square. Francis took this ritual and reversed it. In harmony with his views on simplicity and his role as the bishop of Rome, he emphasized the mutual connection between him and the people. He downplayed the view of the pope as a hierarchical ruler above the people.

    Leo concluded his address to the crowd with the traditional blessing in Latin, addressed “to the city and to the world.” He did not ask, as Francis did, that the crowd bless him first.

    In some ways, it seems like Leo’s symbolic message was “I am not Francis,” emphasizing his continuity with previous popes. Yet in his address, he clearly praised and thanked Francis, and invoked his predecessor’s emphasis on “synodality”: a church where all Catholics walk together. He repeated Francis’s message that the Christian message should call to and include everyone.

    Perhaps it is better to say that Leo’s first appearance on the balcony meant: “I am not Francis, but Francis’ vision will continue.”

    This is an updated version of an article originally published on May 6, 2025. It was updated on May 8, 2025 to reflect Pope Leo XIV’s election.

    Daniel Speed Thompson does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. From the moment he steps onto the balcony, each pope signals his style of leadership – here’s how Pope Leo XIV’s appearance compares with Pope Francis’ first – https://theconversation.com/from-the-moment-he-steps-onto-the-balcony-each-pope-signals-his-style-of-leadership-heres-how-pope-leo-xivs-appearance-compares-with-pope-francis-first-255585

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –