Source: UNISDR Disaster Risk Reduction
The United Kingdom, through the collaborative efforts of the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) and the Met Office, has developed comprehensive strategies for managing extreme heat.
In England – one of the four nations of the UK – the Adverse Weather and Health Plan (AWHP) defines and guides planning and response efforts related to the health impacts of extreme heat and other adverse weather. The AWHP outlines a common framework for responding to adverse weather, including periods of high temperature, and defines the roles and responsibilities of the different delivery groups at the local, regional, and national levels. The AWHP is underpinned by four core pillars: the Plan itself; guidance; the supporting evidence base; and the Weather-Health Alerting system. Other UK nations, such as Scotland (Public Health Scotland), have recently published their own AWHP.
In England, two early warning systems operate to address the diverse impacts of extreme temperatures. The Heat-Health Alerts (HHA), part of the Weather-Health Alerting system, are issued by UKHSA and the Met Office for England to protect vulnerable populations and health and social care services with yellow, amber, and red alerts. The National Severe Weather Warning System (NSWWS), managed by the Met Office across the UK, issues amber and red alerts for broader public impacts in addition to health, including effects on sectors like transport and utilities. These systems are coordinated to ensure consistent public messaging, aligning HHA and NSWWS warnings when necessary for clear, authoritative communication on heat risks.
Public health campaigns play an integral role in the UK’s strategy. The UKHSA’s “Beat the Heat” and the Met Office’s “Weather Ready” campaigns provide practical advice on how to stay cool during hot weather, with materials distributed to the public, particularly targeting high-risk groups. UKHSA and the Met Office, in collaboration with various partners, lead these awareness efforts across multiple communication platforms.
UKHSA coordinates with the Met Office, local governments, and emergency services to ensure a comprehensive national response to extreme heat. Local and national authorities are tasked with implementing action plans and providing critical services during extreme heat events.
The UK engages in partnerships with academic institutions, community organizations, and the private sector to bolster heat resilience. Public-private partnerships, particularly with utilities and infrastructure sectors, focus on energy efficiency and public health protection during extreme heat events.
The UK has seen measurable success in managing extreme heat, as evidenced by the response to the record-breaking 2022 heatwave. Despite the extreme conditions, over 1,000 fewer heat-related deaths occurred than historically expected for such record-breaking temperatures. After the event, a Met Office survey revealed that 98% of the public took some form of action in response to issued alerts and warnings during the record-breaking heat period. UKHSA’s and Met Office initiatives, including early warnings and public health interventions, contributed to reducing heat-related illnesses and fatalities. The increased public awareness and improved coordination between health services and local authorities highlight the effectiveness of the planning and early warning systems.