Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –
Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –
The underground communications system in the capital is updated every year. Specialists from the Moscow City Services Complex build additional pipelines, repair and modernize existing ones, and also lay networks to new buildings and infrastructure facilities.
“Ten years ago, all these processes were accompanied by large excavations: large sections of streets where work was carried out were restricted for residents and cars. Now the situation is completely different. Specialists only need to fence off a small section that will not interfere with the movement of people. All thanks to the so-called trenchless technologies that many capital enterprises use in their work: GUP Mosvodostok, AO Mosvodokanal, AO Mosgaz, AO OEK and others,” said the head of the Department of Housing and Public Utilities of the city of Moscow
Instead of three months of work – a couple of weeks
One of the modern methods of repairing or reconstructing a pipeline is called sanation. A fiberglass sleeve is pulled into the old pipe. It is impregnated with special resins that harden under ultraviolet radiation. The thin walls of the sleeve fit very tightly to the inner walls of the old pipe. The high strength of the material significantly increases the load-bearing capacity of the pipeline, and because the sleeve has less friction, more water can leak.
The rehabilitation does not require excavation work, does not interfere with transport and pedestrians, and does not affect other communications. Public utilities do not have to damage the urban space.
Every year, Mosvodostok renews dozens of kilometers of pipes with the help of rehabilitation. In total, the company operates a drainage network with a total length of more than nine thousand kilometers. This is the same as the distance from Moscow to Vladivostok. Thanks to trenchless technology, today all drainage repair work takes several weeks. Previously, it took about three months to achieve a similar result.
With minimal human intervention
In order to avoid digging trenches along the entire route of the gas pipeline, Mosgaz specialists use horizontal directional drilling (HDD) technology. It is especially relevant for work under water bodies and roads, on the territory of squares and parks, because there is no need to dig trenches for such excavation.
The excavation is carried out using a drilling rig with a special removable tip that is connected to a flexible rod. It allows changing the direction during drilling. This is necessary to avoid collisions with obstacles in the ground.
The tip has a built-in navigation device that controls and corrects the trajectory. After drilling is complete, the well is expanded with another tip, and finally a pipeline is pulled through.
HDD technology is regularly used by JSC Mosvodokanal when laying pipelines, and by JSC OEK or PJSC Rosseti Moscow Region when laying power transmission cable lines.
More than a kilometer without excavations
Another trenchless technology allows for laying underground utilities in areas of historical development of the city or under river beds. It is called microtunneling. It is regularly used by Mosgaz JSC, including as part of a large-scale program for the reconstruction of siphon gas pipelines. It began in 2018. Work has already been completed on 10 out of 12 siphon gas pipelines.
The excavation in the ground is carried out by a tunneling machine, the movement of which is provided by a powerful jacking station. It is installed in the initial shaft at a depth equal to the depth of the pipeline.
A special laser guidance system ensures precise laying over long distances and allows for the installation of communications in areas with bends and other obstacles. At the same time, the entire process does not harm the environment and does not disrupt the existing landscaping.
In this way, it is possible to construct a tunnel more than a kilometer long without digging additional shafts.
Tunnels are laid with a shield
For collectors built for the joint laying of heating and water supply pipelines, communication cables and electric cable lines, the shield tunneling method is used. A tunnel is dug using a tunnel boring machine (TBM), and then it is reinforced with monolithic and reinforced concrete blocks.
The first stage is the arrangement of shafts at the beginning and end of the route. They are ventilated, supplied with electricity, and the area is prepared for soil haulage. Then the TPK is installed. The shield is continuously advanced from one shaft to another.
At the final stage, the panel complex is dismantled in the receiving pit. Then they begin to build chambers with emergency exits, install internal collector life support systems and security systems. Such structures are serviced by JSC Moskollektor.
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