MIL-OSI Europe: Answer to a written question – Processes leading to fines for car manufacturers exceeding emissions targets – P-000402/2025(ASW)

The procedure for the Commission’s annual assessment of the CO₂ emission performance of car and van manufacturers, including their compliance with the emission targets set out in Regulation (EU) 2019/631[1], is outlined in Articles 7 and 9 of that regulation and in Chapter 2 of Regulation (EU) 2021/392[2].

The Commission calculates the average CO₂ emissions and CO₂ emission targ ets for each manufacturer based on the vehicle registration data, which Member States submit to the European Environment Agency e ach year by 28 February, in respect of the preceding calendar year.

The Commission shares those provisional findings with the manufacturers, who then ha ve three months to notify any errors.

Subsequently, the C ommission is required to adopt a decision setting out the final CO₂ emission performance of all cars and vans manufacturers for the monitoring year concerned, by 31 October of the following year. That Decision is notified to the manufacturers and published in the Official Journal.

Manufacturers not meeting their CO₂ emissions target in a given calendar year are obliged to pay an excess emissions premium, which is calculated following the formula set out in Article 8(2) of Regulation (EU) 2019/631 and using the data set out in the Commission Decision on the CO₂ emission performance for that year.

The premium amounts to EUR 95 multiplied by the excess emissions (number of g/km by which the target was exceeded) and by the number of newly registered vehicles of the manufacturer in that calendar year.

Manufacturers that are due to pay a premium receive a ‘Letter of advice of recovery’ and have the opportunity to raise any comment. After that period, the Commission issues a debit note, payable by the manufacturer within 45 days after receipt.

• [1] Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 setting CO₂ emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles, and repealing Regulations (EC) No 443/2009 and (EU) No 510/2011 (OJ L 111, 25.4.2019, p. 13).
• [2] Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/392 of 4 March 2021 on the monitoring and reporting of data relating to CO₂ emissions from passenger cars and light commercial vehicles pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Commission Implementing Regulations (EU) No 1014/2010, (EU) No 293/2012, (EU) 2017/1152 and (EU) 2017/1153 (OJ L 77, 5.3.2021, p. 8).