Category: Africa

  • MIL-OSI Africa: African Refiners & Distributors Association (ARDA) to Weigh in on Africa’s Refining Future at Invest in African Energy (IAE) 2025

    Source: Africa Press Organisation – English (2) – Report:

    PARIS, France, March 7, 2025/APO Group/ —

    Anibor Kragha, Executive Secretary, African Refiners & Distributors Association (ARDA), is confirmed to speak at the Invest in African Energy (IAE) Forum in Paris this May, sharing insights on the critical developments and opportunities shaping the future of refining and distribution across the continent.

    ARDA, a key player in advancing Africa’s refining capabilities, is at the forefront of enhancing the region’s downstream infrastructure to meet growing energy demand and fuel economic development. With a focus on improving refining capacity, expanding distribution networks and driving cleaner fuels adoption, ARDA is working to modernize the sector through strategic collaborations, policy advocacy and industry innovation. This includes ARDA’s comprehensive roadmap to modernize refineries, enhance distribution logistics and promote cleaner fuel solutions, positioning Africa as a key player in the global energy market.

    IAE 2025 (apo-opa.co/4kw0LOD) is an exclusive forum designed to facilitate investment between African energy markets and global investors. Taking place May 13-14, 2025 in Paris, the event offers delegates two days of intensive engagement with industry experts, project developers, investors and policymakers. For more information, please visit www.Invest-Africa-Energy.com. To sponsor or participate as a delegate, please contact sales@energycapitalpower.com.

    Kragha’s participation at IAE 2025 comes at a pivotal moment as Africa’s refining sector prepares for significant growth. In Nigeria, the Dangote Oil Refinery, Africa’s largest crude processing facility, is on track to reach full operational capacity this March, processing 650,000 barrels per day (bpd). Expected to meet 100% of Nigeria’s demand for all refined petroleum products, the refinery recently made its first purchase of Algeria’s light sweet Saharan Blend crude, marking a milestone for intra-African crude trading. South Africa has also announced plans to rehabilitate and expand the capacity of the Sapref refinery to 600,000 bpd, emphasizing the country’s need for a mega refinery and seeking regional partnerships to develop one.

    Angola is developing three new refineries to boost capacity, with the 60,000 bpd Cabinda refinery scheduled to start operations in July 2025. Additionally, the Fouta Refinery in the Republic of Congo, designed to produce 2.5 million tons of petroleum products per year, is expected to be operational by the end of this year. With a focus on addressing the challenges of energy demand, improving fuel quality and ensuring sustainability, ARDA is playing a crucial role in facilitating the transformation of the sector.

    MIL OSI Africa

  • MIL-OSI Global: Why increasing rates of tuberculosis in the UK and US should concern everyone

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Tom Wingfield, Deputy Director of the Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Reader in Tuberculosis and Social Medicine, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; and Honorary Research Associate at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and, University of Liverpool

    pardi hutabarat/Shutterstock

    With one of the largest tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks in US history, Kansas has more to worry about than its recent Super Bowl defeat. During the past year, 67 people with TB have been detected. This comes on the back of increasing rates of TB in the US year on year since the start of the COVID pandemic.

    Rather than a relic of the Victorian era, TB is the world’s most enduring pandemic, killing more people each year than any other single infection. While more common in low-income countries, TB continues to be found in more deprived communities, cities, prisons, homeless populations, and in black, Asian and Indigenous people, including in wealthy countries such as the US and UK.

    TB outbreaks in wealthy countries act as a canary in a coalmine, reflecting cracks in national public health systems. More broadly, TB outbreaks in any setting have deeper implications for the struggle to end TB globally.

    TB is an airborne infection that doesn’t respect borders. With increasing mass movement, including due to climate change and war, the maxim “TB anywhere is TB everywhere” is more resonant today than ever.

    In the UK, TB rates consistently declined between 2011 and 2020. But, like the US, this decline reversed since COVID emerged in early 2020.

    In 2023, there was a 13% increase in the number of people who became unwell with TB in England, compared with 2022.

    At 9.5 people with TB per 100,000 people per year, England is in jeopardy of losing its “low TB incidence” status (less than ten people with TB per 100,000 people per year).

    Rates of TB in England have a stark social gradient, with the poorest 10% of people having five times higher rates of TB than the richest 10%.

    In the UK, there is a cost of living crisis. Many people, especially the poorest, are struggling to put food on the table. TB is a social disease of poverty that thrives where there is overcrowding, undernutrition and poor working and living conditions.

    But the increase in TB in the UK cannot be put down to greater risk of disease alone. The response of the health and social care system to prevent and cure TB is crucial.

    The BCG vaccine, currently the only TB vaccine, is not nearly as effective as we would like at preventing disease. There is hope on the horizon with several vaccines under development, but their effect may be impeded by vaccine hesitancy driven by misinformation.

    BCG is still the only TB vaccine, but it’s not highly effective.
    TuktaBaby/Shutterstock

    Other barriers to address include lack of TB awareness, continuing TB-related stigma, understaffing of vital TB community nursing teams, and a breach between health and social care sectors to support those vulnerable to TB.

    For countries with lower incidence of TB across Europe and North America, many TB policies are targeted at identifying and treating TB in groups who are most at risk of being exposed to the disease, including people moving from regions of the world where TB is more common.

    Patterns of migration to the UK changed significantly following Brexit. A need to expand the workforce, particularly in health and social care, has led to active recruitment and movement of people from higher TB burden countries. This is relevant because, in England, four in five people with TB were born outside the UK, and rates among this group increased by 15% between 2022 and 2023.

    Screening migrant populations as part of their visa application process pre-entry is effective at identifying people with infectious TB. But prevention is better than cure, and there remains a gap in screening for TB infection or TB disease without symptoms.

    Providing well-tolerated, preventive TB treatment can reduce the risk of developing active TB disease by 85% in the future. Yet the screening programme in the UK is under-resourced, with just 11.5% of eligible migrants screened for TB infection in 2023.

    We should not overlook the fact that rates of TB also increased, although to a lesser extent (3.9%), among people born in the UK – the first time this has happened for many years.

    Among both UK-born and non-UK-born populations, often overlapping social risk factors such as homelessness, asylum seeker status, drug or alcohol misuse, incarceration and mental health disorders continue to drive TB. These factors, which jumped by 27% between 2022 and 2023, not only increase the likelihood of TB disease but are associated with much lower rates of cure.

    Early diagnosis and treatment of TB are crucial to prevent long-term health issues or even death. The sooner someone starts effective treatment, the sooner they stop being infectious, helping to reduce the spread of TB. Improving access to diagnosis and care will lower TB transmission.

    Unacceptable delays in treatment

    Nearly a third of people with TB in the UK experience a delay of four months between the onset of their symptoms (commonly cough, fever, night sweats and weight loss) and taking their first anti-TB medicine. This unacceptable delay is similar to (or even longer than) the treatment delays we have documented in low- and middle-income countries with much higher TB burdens, including Peru, Nepal and Mozambique.

    In the UK, most people are entitled to free NHS care, and TB care and prevention is free to all. However, the NHS is overwhelmed and policies relating to healthcare recovery costs of visitors and migrants can prevent people with TB, wherever they are from, from getting timely care. This situation poses a public health threat to us all.

    Effective TB prevention and care is possible. While current tools are imperfect, albeit with recent progress in diagnostics and treatment, researchers around the world are further advancing science and innovation in the fight against TB. This includes the promise of nutritional supplementation, financial and social support, and a new TB vaccine. Providing timely support to everyone with TB remains fundamental to our response to this illness of poverty.

    To end TB, whether in the US, UK, or globally, we would do well to remember and apply the old medical adage: treat the person, not the disease.

    Tom Wingfield is supported by grants from: the Wellcome Trust, UK (209075/Z/17/Z); the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC), the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), the Medical Research Council (MRC) and Wellcome, UK (Joint Global Health Trials, MR/V004832/1); the Medical Research Council (Public Health Intervention Development Award “PHIND”, APP2293); the Medical Research Foundation (Dorothy Temple Cross International Collaboration Research Grant, MRF-131–0006-RG-KHOS-C0942); and UNITAID (2022-50-START-4-ALL). Tom is an honorary research associate at the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinksa Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and is also an ad hoc consultant for the World Health Organization and the Stop TB Partnership.

    Jessica Potter has previously received research funding from Medical Research Council UK. She chairs a grassroots network called UK Academics and Professionals to end TB and is an advisory member of the Innovations Constituency of the Stop TB Partnership.

    Kerry Millington receives funding from UK aid from the UK government for the research programme that she works on. Views expressed are those of her own and do not necessarily reflect the UK government’s official policies.

    ref. Why increasing rates of tuberculosis in the UK and US should concern everyone – https://theconversation.com/why-increasing-rates-of-tuberculosis-in-the-uk-and-us-should-concern-everyone-249202

    MIL OSI – Global Reports

  • MIL-OSI Africa: Egypt on edge: finding a delicate balance between Gaza and Trump

    Source: The Conversation – Africa – By May Darwich, Associate Professor of International Relations of the Middle East, University of Birmingham

    US president Donald Trump famously called Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi his “favourite dictator” in 2019, but their relationship has been complex. Trump’s return to the White House for a second term has sent ripples of concern through Cairo. In January 2025, Trump proposed a resolution to the ongoing Israel-Hamas war in Gaza: forcibly relocating Palestinians to Egypt and Jordan. Trump simultaneously threatened to withdraw US aid if these countries didn’t comply with the proposal. Sisi’s Egypt will need to navigate Trump’s ambition without sacrificing the regime’s own survival. May Darwich, who has studied Arab states’ foreign policies and alliances in the Middle East, explains what’s at stake.


    How dependent is Egypt on the US?

    Over time, Egypt has received more US foreign aid than any country besides Israel. It has received US$78 billion for economic assistance and US$90 billion in military assistance since 1946.

    A peace agreement with Israel in 1979 concluded the war between the two countries. Israeli forces withdrew from Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula. Since then, the US has provided Egypt with a fixed amount of US$1.5 billion, of which US$1.3 billion is military aid, every year. It goes to financing Egypt’s purchase of weapons systems from US defence contractors.

    US aid has been a cornerstone of Egyptian-US relations for decades.

    Since 1979, Egypt has been a central pillar of US policies in the Middle East. Military aid is deemed essential to ensure that the regime in Egypt aligns with US interests. At the same time, this aid is widely seen as contributing to the survival of Egypt’s authoritarian regime.

    But history shows that Egypt can soften the potential impact of the US freezing assistance during periods of strained relations.

    The US suspended some military assistance to Egypt after the regime change in 2013. During that time, el-Sisi, who was elected president in 2014, received support from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. He also increased weapon imports from France and Russia.

    After a period of review, the Barack Obama administration released aid to Egypt to preserve US interests. As US secretary of state John Kerry once explained:

    We are getting a return on that investment that is not inconsequential. The army also is helping us enforce security in the Sinai (in Egypt). The army is also helping us enforce the Gaza peace.

    Should this relationship come under strain again, Egypt could learn to become even more independent. China’s influence in Egypt is growing, and the Gulf states that enjoy a close relationship with Sisi may also decide to commit funding.

    How has Egypt balanced its interests with Arab states, Israel and the US?

    The signing of the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty in 1979 marked a shift in Egyptian foreign policy. The treaty aligned Egypt with the west in recognising Israel. This decision, however, led to Egypt’s isolation in the Arab world and its expulsion from the Arab League (it was readmitted in 1989).

    When Mohamed Hosni Mubarak assumed power following Anwar el-Sadat’s assassination in 1981, Egypt had to balance its partnership with the US, maintain peace with Israel and reconcile its relations with Arab states.

    Egypt condemned Israeli aggression against Palestinians and against Lebanon in 1982 and 2006, and froze efforts to normalise relations with Israel. This reinforced its pivotal position in Arab circles without jeopardising its peace with Israel.

    Meanwhile, Egypt helped US military assets to move across the region and oil to flow through the Suez Canal. It maintained peace and stability with Israel by pressuring Palestinian resistance movements into de-escalation. This balancing act allowed Egypt to become a mediator between Palestine and Israel.

    Egypt under Sisi has made efforts to maintain the balancing act. However, the ongoing Gaza war has intensified Egypt’s challenges. These include refugee flights and instability at its border. The war has also threatened Egypt’s longstanding role in the Middle East region.

    How has the Gaza war threatened Egypt’s balancing act?

    The onset of the Gaza war in October 2023 put Egypt on edge. Cairo is apprehensive about Israel’s potential strategy of forcibly locating Palestinians to the Sinai Peninsula, which is on its territory. Egyptian officials have deemed that scenario as a red line. Cairo doesn’t want to be seen as undermining the Palestinian cause.

    Also, Egyptians harbour concerns that the presence of a substantial Palestinian population in Sinai – which links Africa to Asia, and borders Israel and Gaza – could transform the region into a launchpad for attacks on Israel. This would compel Egypt to either suppress such activities or face retaliation from Israel.

    This concern stems from a 1955 incident. The Israeli army raided an Egyptian military camp in the Gaza strip, which was then under Egyptian control. Seventeen soldiers were killed following a Palestinian militant’s killing of an Israeli. A plan to move Palestinians to Sinai sparked protests in the Gaza strip, bringing the Egyptian military in direct confrontation with Palestinians.

    This historical event has continued to shape Egyptian foreign policy, which rejects any relocation of Palestinians in Sinai.

    The current war has highlighted structural weaknesses in the already precarious Egyptian economy. The Houthi attacks in the Red Sea that began in 2024 caused a sharp drop in revenues from the Suez Canal, a critical source of foreign revenue for Egypt.

    Sisi played on European fears that what happened in Gaza could harm Egypt’s economic situation and lead to mass migration to Europe. But cash infusions won’t solve the deep-seated economic challenges facing the country.

    Cairo’s role as a mediator between the west, Israel and the Arab world is facing renewed challenges. Other mediators, like Qatar, have emerged.

    What could affect Egypt’s response to Trump’s proposal to relocate Palestinians?

    Trump’s proposal places the Egyptian regime in a precarious position. If Egypt agrees to the plan to relocate Palestinians from Gaza, it would signify a dramatic departure from its foundational foreign policies. It could also reignite discontent among its population.

    Rejecting the proposal would strain Egypt-US relations, potentially undermining the support for Sisi’s regime, which might then have to seek aid from other countries.

    The Gaza conflict underscores Egypt’s historical and political entanglement with the Palestinian issue.

    – Egypt on edge: finding a delicate balance between Gaza and Trump
    – https://theconversation.com/egypt-on-edge-finding-a-delicate-balance-between-gaza-and-trump-251375

    MIL OSI Africa

  • MIL-OSI Global: Egypt on edge: finding a delicate balance between Gaza and Trump

    Source: The Conversation – Africa – By May Darwich, Associate Professor of International Relations of the Middle East, University of Birmingham

    US president Donald Trump famously called Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi his “favourite dictator” in 2019, but their relationship has been complex. Trump’s return to the White House for a second term has sent ripples of concern through Cairo. In January 2025, Trump proposed a resolution to the ongoing Israel-Hamas war in Gaza: forcibly relocating Palestinians to Egypt and Jordan. Trump simultaneously threatened to withdraw US aid if these countries didn’t comply with the proposal. Sisi’s Egypt will need to navigate Trump’s ambition without sacrificing the regime’s own survival. May Darwich, who has studied Arab states’ foreign policies and alliances in the Middle East, explains what’s at stake.


    How dependent is Egypt on the US?

    Over time, Egypt has received more US foreign aid than any country besides Israel. It has received US$78 billion for economic assistance and US$90 billion in military assistance since 1946.

    A peace agreement with Israel in 1979 concluded the war between the two countries. Israeli forces withdrew from Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula. Since then, the US has provided Egypt with a fixed amount of US$1.5 billion, of which US$1.3 billion is military aid, every year. It goes to financing Egypt’s purchase of weapons systems from US defence contractors.

    US aid has been a cornerstone of Egyptian-US relations for decades.

    Since 1979, Egypt has been a central pillar of US policies in the Middle East. Military aid is deemed essential to ensure that the regime in Egypt aligns with US interests. At the same time, this aid is widely seen as contributing to the survival of Egypt’s authoritarian regime.

    But history shows that Egypt can soften the potential impact of the US freezing assistance during periods of strained relations.

    The US suspended some military assistance to Egypt after the regime change in 2013. During that time, el-Sisi, who was elected president in 2014, received support from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. He also increased weapon imports from France and Russia.

    After a period of review, the Barack Obama administration released aid to Egypt to preserve US interests. As US secretary of state John Kerry once explained:

    We are getting a return on that investment that is not inconsequential. The army also is helping us enforce security in the Sinai (in Egypt). The army is also helping us enforce the Gaza peace.

    Should this relationship come under strain again, Egypt could learn to become even more independent. China’s influence in Egypt is growing, and the Gulf states that enjoy a close relationship with Sisi may also decide to commit funding.

    How has Egypt balanced its interests with Arab states, Israel and the US?

    The signing of the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty in 1979 marked a shift in Egyptian foreign policy. The treaty aligned Egypt with the west in recognising Israel. This decision, however, led to Egypt’s isolation in the Arab world and its expulsion from the Arab League (it was readmitted in 1989).

    When Mohamed Hosni Mubarak assumed power following Anwar el-Sadat’s assassination in 1981, Egypt had to balance its partnership with the US, maintain peace with Israel and reconcile its relations with Arab states.

    Egypt condemned Israeli aggression against Palestinians and against Lebanon in 1982 and 2006, and froze efforts to normalise relations with Israel. This reinforced its pivotal position in Arab circles without jeopardising its peace with Israel.

    Meanwhile, Egypt helped US military assets to move across the region and oil to flow through the Suez Canal. It maintained peace and stability with Israel by pressuring Palestinian resistance movements into de-escalation. This balancing act allowed Egypt to become a mediator between Palestine and Israel.

    Egypt under Sisi has made efforts to maintain the balancing act. However, the ongoing Gaza war has intensified Egypt’s challenges. These include refugee flights and instability at its border. The war has also threatened Egypt’s longstanding role in the Middle East region.

    How has the Gaza war threatened Egypt’s balancing act?

    The onset of the Gaza war in October 2023 put Egypt on edge. Cairo is apprehensive about Israel’s potential strategy of forcibly locating Palestinians to the Sinai Peninsula, which is on its territory. Egyptian officials have deemed that scenario as a red line. Cairo doesn’t want to be seen as undermining the Palestinian cause.

    Also, Egyptians harbour concerns that the presence of a substantial Palestinian population in Sinai – which links Africa to Asia, and borders Israel and Gaza – could transform the region into a launchpad for attacks on Israel. This would compel Egypt to either suppress such activities or face retaliation from Israel.

    This concern stems from a 1955 incident. The Israeli army raided an Egyptian military camp in the Gaza strip, which was then under Egyptian control. Seventeen soldiers were killed following a Palestinian militant’s killing of an Israeli. A plan to move Palestinians to Sinai sparked protests in the Gaza strip, bringing the Egyptian military in direct confrontation with Palestinians.

    This historical event has continued to shape Egyptian foreign policy, which rejects any relocation of Palestinians in Sinai.

    The current war has highlighted structural weaknesses in the already precarious Egyptian economy. The Houthi attacks in the Red Sea that began in 2024 caused a sharp drop in revenues from the Suez Canal, a critical source of foreign revenue for Egypt.

    Sisi played on European fears that what happened in Gaza could harm Egypt’s economic situation and lead to mass migration to Europe. But cash infusions won’t solve the deep-seated economic challenges facing the country.

    Cairo’s role as a mediator between the west, Israel and the Arab world is facing renewed challenges. Other mediators, like Qatar, have emerged.

    What could affect Egypt’s response to Trump’s proposal to relocate Palestinians?

    Trump’s proposal places the Egyptian regime in a precarious position. If Egypt agrees to the plan to relocate Palestinians from Gaza, it would signify a dramatic departure from its foundational foreign policies. It could also reignite discontent among its population.

    Rejecting the proposal would strain Egypt-US relations, potentially undermining the support for Sisi’s regime, which might then have to seek aid from other countries.

    The Gaza conflict underscores Egypt’s historical and political entanglement with the Palestinian issue.

    May Darwich does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. Egypt on edge: finding a delicate balance between Gaza and Trump – https://theconversation.com/egypt-on-edge-finding-a-delicate-balance-between-gaza-and-trump-251375

    MIL OSI – Global Reports

  • MIL-OSI Africa: Secretary-General’s remarks to the UN Observance of International Women’s Day 2025 [bilingual, as delivered; scroll down for all-English and all-French versions]

    Source: United Nations – English

    xcellencies, Dear friends,

    Thank you for the invitation – and for the moving performance.

    We gather today not just to celebrate the International Women’s Day, but to move forward – resilient, united, and unwavering in our pursuit of “equality, development and peace for all women everywhere in the interest of humanity.”

    Those are the first words of the Beijing Declaration – and this year marks the 30th anniversary of that landmark conference and its reaffirmation that women’s rights are human rights.

    Since then, women have broken barriers, shattered ceilings, and reshaped societies.

    More girls are in school.

    More women hold positions of power.

    And digital activism has ignited global movements for justice.

    Yet, these hard-fought gains remain fragile – and far from enough.

    Age-old horrors – violence, discrimination and economic inequality – still plague our societies.

    Every ten minutes, a woman is killed by her partner or a family member.

    612 million women and girls live under the shadow of armed conflicts – where their rights are too often considered expendable.

    Less than two-thirds of women worldwide participate in the labour market – and those who do earn far less than men.

    At this pace, eradicating extreme poverty for women and girls would take 130 years.

    And as we see in every corner of the world, from pushback to rollback, women’s rights are under attack.

    Centuries of discrimination are being exacerbated by new threats.

    Digital tools, while brimming with promise, are also often silencing women’s voices, amplifying bias, and fuelling harassment.

    Women’s bodies have become political battlegrounds.

    And online violence is escalating into real-life violence.

    Instead of mainstreaming equal rights, we are witnessing the mainstreaming of chauvinism and misogyny.

    We cannot stand by as progress is reversed.

    We must fight back.

    Last September, Member States adopted the Pact for the Future.

    The Pact reminds us that equality is the engine of progress for all people – and that Agenda 2030 can only be realized when all women and girls enjoy their full rights.

    It calls for greater investment in the SDGs, expanded debt relief, and stronger support from Multilateral Development Banks so that governments can invest in what their people need —  education, training, job creation and social protections that can help drive equality for all.

    And the Global Digital Compact calls for closing the gender digital divide, pushing back against online abuse, and ensuring women and girls everywhere can access the benefits from the opportunities of a rapidly evolving global economy.

    Meanwhile, we are also working to end the scourge of violence against women and girls.

    Through the Spotlight Initiative, the UN and the EU have shown that comprehensive approaches to eliminating gender-based violence can work.

    We have helped keep one million more girls in school.

    We have helped prevent 21 million women and girls from experiencing gender-based violence.

    And across 13 Spotlight Initiative countries, the conviction rate for gender-based violence has doubled.

    These achievements prove that when we unite behind ambitious strategies, we can deliver real change.

    But our work is far from over.

    We must never accept a world where women and girls live in fear, where their safety is a privilege rather than a non-negotiable right.

    Excellencies and friends,

    Leadership on this International Women’s Day belongs to us all.

    At the United Nations, we have achieved and maintained gender parity among senior leadership and Resident Coordinators at world level since 2020.

    And for the first time in our organization’s history, we have also reached parity in the international professional categories.

    This proves once again that systemic change is possible – with concerted and determined action.

    Today, as part of the UN System-wide Gender Equality Acceleration Plan, I am proud to announce our commitment to the Gender Equality Clarion Call:

    A bold, urgent pledge to defend and advance the rights of all women and girls.

    The Clarion Call sets out four priorities:

    Unified leadership – all UN leaders must champion and defend women’s rights in every decision and in every forum;

    Action against pushbacks – We must actively confront backlash, prevent rollbacks, and create spaces where women’s rights can thrive;

    Coordinated impact – working across sectors and all levels to dismantle systemic inequalities; and

    Protecting women human rights defenders – we will defend and amplify the voices of women on the frontlines, standing firm against those who seek to silence them.

    This Clarion Call and the Gender Equality Acceleration Plan must drive real political change in all that we do.

    And we are leading by example – and we call on governments, organizations and businesses to do the same.

    Chers amis,

    La lutte pour l’égalité des genres ne peut se résumer à une question d’équité.

    Il s’agit d’une question de pouvoir – qui participe à la prise des décisions, et qui en est exclu.

    Il s’agit de démanteler les systèmes qui perpétuent les inégalités.

    Et d’assurer ainsi un monde meilleur pour tous.

    Quand les femmes participent aux négociations, la paix dure plus longtemps.

    Quand les filles peuvent aller à l’école, des générations entières sortent de la pauvreté.

    Quand les femmes bénéficient d’opportunités professionnelles égales, les économies se renforcent.

    Et avec la parité dans le leadership politique, les décisions sont plus justes, les politiques sont mieux ciblées et les sociétés sont plus équitables.

    En somme : quand les femmes et les filles vont de l’avant, tout le monde prospère.

    Alors, en cette Journée internationale des droits des femmes, soyons inspirés par les voix des femmes et des filles du monde entier – et choisissons toujours l’action plutôt que l’apathie.

    Réalisons la vision de la Déclaration de Pékin.

    Accélérons le changement.

    Et avançons – pour chaque femme, pour chaque fille, pour chacun, partout.

    Je vous remercie.

    ***
    [All-English]

    Excellencies, Dear friends,

    Thank you for the invitation – and for the moving performance.

    We gather today not just to celebrate the International Women’s Day, but to move forward – resilient, united, and unwavering in our pursuit of “equality, development and peace for all women everywhere in the interest of humanity.”

    Those are the first words of the Beijing Declaration – and this year marks the 30th anniversary of that landmark conference and its reaffirmation that women’s rights are human rights.

    Since then, women have broken barriers, shattered ceilings, and reshaped societies.

    More girls are in school.

    More women hold positions of power.

    And digital activism has ignited global movements for justice.

    Yet, these hard-fought gains remain fragile – and far from enough.

    Age-old horrors – violence, discrimination and economic inequality – still plague our societies.

    Every ten minutes, a woman is killed by her partner or a family member.

    612 million women and girls live under the shadow of armed conflicts – where their rights are too often considered expendable.

    Less than two-thirds of women worldwide participate in the labour market – and those who do earn far less than men.

    At this pace, eradicating extreme poverty for women and girls would take 130 years.

    And as we see in every corner of the world, from pushback to rollback, women’s rights are under attack.

    Centuries of discrimination are being exacerbated by new threats.

    Digital tools, while brimming with promise, are also often silencing women’s voices, amplifying bias, and fuelling harassment.

    Women’s bodies have become political battlegrounds.

    And online violence is escalating into real-life violence.

    Instead of mainstreaming equal rights, we are witnessing the mainstreaming of chauvinism and misogyny.

    We cannot stand by as progress is reversed.

    We must fight back.

    Last September, Member States adopted the Pact for the Future.

    The Pact reminds us that equality is the engine of progress for all people – and that Agenda 2030 can only be realized when all women and girls enjoy their full rights.

    It calls for greater investment in the SDGs, expanded debt relief, and stronger support from Multilateral Development Banks so that governments can invest in what their people need —  education, training, job creation and social protections that can help drive equality for all.

    And the Global Digital Compact calls for closing the gender digital divide, pushing back against online abuse, and ensuring women and girls everywhere can access the benefits from the opportunities of a rapidly evolving global economy.

    Meanwhile, we are also working to end the scourge of violence against women and girls.

    Through the Spotlight Initiative, the UN and the EU have shown that comprehensive approaches to eliminating gender-based violence can work.

    We have helped keep one million more girls in school.

    We have helped prevent 21 million women and girls from experiencing gender-based violence.

    And across 13 Spotlight Initiative countries, the conviction rate for gender-based violence has doubled.

    These achievements prove that when we unite behind ambitious strategies, we can deliver real change.

    But our work is far from over.

    We must never accept a world where women and girls live in fear, where their safety is a privilege rather than a non-negotiable right.

    Excellencies and friends,

    Leadership on this International Women’s Day belongs to us all.

    At the United Nations, we have achieved and maintained gender parity among senior leadership and Resident Coordinators at world level since 2020.

    And for the first time in our organization’s history, we have also reached parity in the international professional categories.

    This proves once again that systemic change is possible – with concerted and determined action.

    Today, as part of the UN System-wide Gender Equality Acceleration Plan, I am proud to announce our commitment to the Gender Equality Clarion Call:

    A bold, urgent pledge to defend and advance the rights of all women and girls.

    The Clarion Call sets out four priorities:

    Unified leadership – all UN leaders must champion and defend women’s rights in every decision and in every forum;

    Action against pushbacks – We must actively confront backlash, prevent rollbacks, and create spaces where women’s rights can thrive;

    Coordinated impact – working across sectors and all levels to dismantle systemic inequalities; and

    Protecting women human rights defenders – we will defend and amplify the voices of women on the frontlines, standing firm against those who seek to silence them.

    This Clarion Call and the Gender Equality Acceleration Plan must drive real political change in all that we do.

    And we are leading by example – and we call on governments, organizations and businesses to do the same.

    Dear friends,

    The fight for gender equality is not just about fairness.

    It is about power – who gets a seat at the table, and who is locked out.

    It is about dismantling systems that allow inequalities to fester.

    And it is about ensuring a better world for all.

    When women participate in negotiations, peace lasts longer.

    When girls can go to school, entire generations lift out of poverty.

    When women enjoy equal job opportunities, economies grow stronger.

    And with parity in political leadership, decisions are fairer, policies are sharper, and societies are more just.

    Simply put: when women and girls rise, everyone thrives.

    So, on this International Women’s Day, let us be guided by the voices of women and girls around the world – and always choose action over apathy.

    Let us realize the vision of the Beijing Declaration.

    Accelerate action.

    And march forward — for every woman, for every girl, for everyone, everywhere.

    Thank you.

    ***
    [All-French]

    Mesdames et Messieurs, chers amis,

    Merci pour votre invitation – et pour cet émouvante prestation.

    Nous sommes réunis aujourd’hui non seulement pour célébrer la Journée internationale des femmes, mais aussi pour aller de l’avant, résilients, unis et résolus, dans notre quête des « objectifs d’égalité, de développement et de paix pour toutes les femmes dans le monde entier, dans l’intérêt de l’humanité tout entière ».

    Ces mots sont les premiers de la déclaration de Beijing. Cette année marque le trentième anniversaire de cette conférence historique, lors de laquelle il a été réaffirmé que les droits des femmes étaient des droits humains.

    Depuis, les femmes ont levé des barrières, brisé des plafonds et remodelé nos sociétés.

    Il y a davantage de filles scolarisées.

    Il y a davantage de femmes aux postes de pouvoir.

    Et le militantisme en ligne a lancé des mouvements mondiaux en faveur de la justice.

    Pourtant, ces avancées obtenues de haute lutte restent fragiles et sont loin d’être suffisantes.

    Des abominations séculaires comme la violence, la discrimination et les inégalités économiques continuent d’accabler nos sociétés.

    Toutes les dix minutes, une femme est tuée par son partenaire ou un membre de sa famille.

    612 millions de femmes et de filles vivent sous la menace de conflits armés, dans lesquels, trop souvent, l’on considère que leurs droits peuvent être sacrifiés.

    Moins de deux tiers des femmes dans le monde participent au marché du travail, et celles qui le font gagnent beaucoup moins que les hommes.

    À ce rythme, il faudrait 130 ans pour mettre fin à l’extrême pauvreté des femmes et des filles.

    Et comme on peut le voir aux quatre coins du monde, de recul en recul, les droits des femmes s’érodent.

    Les effets de siècles de discrimination sont exacerbés par de nouvelles menaces.

    Les outils numériques, bien que pleins de promesses, étouffent souvent la voix des femmes, amplifient les préjugés et alimentent le harcèlement.

    Le corps des femmes est devenu un champ de bataille politique.

    Et la violence en ligne se transforme en violence dans la vie réelle.

    Au lieu d’observer une généralisation de l’égalité des droits, nous assistons à la banalisation du machisme et de la misogynie.

    Nous ne pouvons pas rester les bras croisés alors que les progrès sont réduits à néant.

    Nous devons riposter.

    En septembre dernier, les États Membres ont adopté le Pacte pour l’avenir.

    Ce pacte nous rappelle que l’égalité est le moteur du progrès pour tous et toutes, et que le Programme 2030 ne pourra être réalisé que lorsque toutes les femmes et les filles jouiront pleinement de leurs droits.

    Il appelle à un investissement accru dans les objectifs de développement durable, à un plus grand allègement de la dette et à un soutien plus fort des banques multilatérales de développement, afin que les gouvernements puissent investir dans ce dont leurs populations ont besoin – notamment l’éducation, la formation, la création d’emplois et la protection sociale, qui peuvent faire avancer l’égalité pour tous et toutes.

    Le Pacte mondial pour le numérique appelle à combler la fracture numérique qui existe entre les hommes et les femmes, à lutter contre les atteintes commises en ligne et à veiller à ce que les femmes et les jeunes filles du monde entier puissent saisir et exploiter les possibilités offertes par une économie mondiale en rapide évolution et en tirer profit.

    De notre côté, nous nous efforçons de mettre fin au fléau de la violence à l’encontre des femmes et des filles.

    Grâce à l’Initiative Spotlight, l’ONU et l’Union européenne ont montré que, s’agissant d’éliminer la violence de genre, les approches globales fonctionnent.

    Nous avons aidé un million de filles de plus à continuer d’aller à l’école.

    Nous avons aidé 21 millions de femmes et de filles à ne pas subir de violences de genre.

    Dans 13 pays participant à cette initiative, le taux de condamnation pour violences de genre a doublé.

    Ces résultats prouvent que lorsque nous nous unissons autour de stratégies ambitieuses, nous obtenons des changements réels.

    Mais notre tâche est loin d’être achevée.

    Nous ne pouvons en aucun cas tolérer un monde où les femmes et les filles vivent dans la peur, où leur sécurité est un privilège plutôt qu’un droit non négociable.

    Mesdames et Messieurs,

    En cette Journée internationale des femmes, le leadership nous appartient à toutes et à tous.

    À l’ONU, depuis 2020, nous sommes parvenus à la parité hommes-femmes aux postes de haute direction et parmi les Coordonnateurs et Coordonnatrices résidents, et nous la maintenons.

    Et pour la première fois dans l’histoire de notre organisation, nous avons également atteint la parité parmi les administrateurs et administratrices recrutés sur le plan international.

    Voilà qui prouve une fois encore qu’avec de la détermination et de la concertation, le changement systémique est possible.

    Aujourd’hui, je suis fier d’annoncer que dans le cadre du Plan pour l’accélération de la réalisation de l’égalité des genres dans le système des Nations Unies, nous avons pris un engagement en faveur de l’Appel urgent à l’égalité des genres :

    Un engagement ambitieux et résolu de tout faire, de toute urgence, pour défendre et faire progresser les droits de toutes les femmes et de toutes les filles.

    Cet appel définit quatre priorités :

    L’unification des équipes dirigeantes – les hautes et hauts responsables des entités des Nations Unies doivent, toutes et tous, défendre les droits des femmes dans toutes les décisions et tous les lieux de débat ;

    La lutte contre le repli – nous devons activement combattre les remises en cause, empêcher les retours en arrière et créer des espaces où les droits des femmes peuvent prospérer ;

    La coordination de l’impact – pour abolir les inégalités systémiques dans tous les secteurs et à tous les niveaux ; et

    La protection des défenseurs et défenseuses des droits des femmes – nous défendrons et amplifierons les voix des femmes présentes en première ligne, en nous opposant fermement à ceux qui cherchent à les réduire au silence.

    Cet appel urgent et le Plan pour l’accélération de la réalisation de l’égalité des genres doivent induire un véritable changement politique dans toutes nos actions.

    L’ONU montre la voie. Nous demandons aux gouvernements, aux organisations et aux entreprises de suivre cet exemple.

    Chers amis,

    La lutte pour l’égalité des genres ne peut se résumer à une question d’équité.

    Il s’agit d’une question de pouvoir – qui participe à la prise des décisions, et qui en est exclu.

    Il s’agit de démanteler les systèmes qui perpétuent les inégalités.

    Et d’assurer ainsi un monde meilleur pour tous.

    Quand les femmes participent aux négociations, la paix dure plus longtemps.

    Quand les filles peuvent aller à l’école, des générations entières sortent de la pauvreté.

    Quand les femmes bénéficient d’opportunités professionnelles égales, les économies se renforcent.

    Et avec la parité dans le leadership politique, les décisions sont plus justes, les politiques sont mieux ciblées et les sociétés sont plus équitables.

    En somme : quand les femmes et les filles vont de l’avant, tout le monde prospère.

    Alors, en cette Journée internationale des droits des femmes, soyons inspirés par les voix des femmes et des filles du monde entier – et choisissons toujours l’action plutôt que l’apathie.

    Réalisons la vision de la Déclaration de Pékin.

    Accélérons le changement.

    Et avançons – pour chaque femme, pour chaque fille, pour chacun, partout.

    Je vous remercie.

    MIL OSI Africa

  • MIL-OSI NGOs: The women leaders in Cameroon fighting for maternal health story Mar 07, 2025

    Source: Doctors Without Borders –

    Since 2023, Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has been working with influential local women in Cameroon’s Far North region, where insecurity and local practices can severely affect access to critical health care. As key intermediaries, women known as matrons and mother leaders are fighting against malnutrition and infant mortality, saving lives amid an alarming humanitarian crisis.

    “Many women give birth at home because of fear—fear of insecurity,” said Yeza Aoudi, a matron in the region. “Displaced people are terrified when they encounter armed men. If a woman goes into labor at night, she would rather deliver at home than risk going to the hospital.”

    As one of nine matrons trained and supported by MSF, Yeza helps raise awareness about maternal health, vaccination follow-up, and guiding women toward the medical care they need.

    In 2023, just 49 percent of deliveries occurred in hospitals across Cameroon, while the Far North region saw 18,720 home births. Maternal and neonatal deaths remain shockingly high in both settings, with 595 deaths in communities, nearly equal to the 631 deaths that occurred in hospitals.

    Postnatal consultation in the sexual and reproductive health department of Kourgui Integrated Health Center. | Cameroon 2025 © Vanessa Fodjo/MSF

    A community approach to improving access to health care

    In the Mora health district, where MSF is present, maternal and child mortality persists due to limited access to health care, economic instability, and the consequences of a long-lasting regional conflict.

    In response, MSF has launched an innovative community outreach strategy in which matrons and mother leaders living in the community are key intermediaries in breaking down barriers between community members and medical services, ensuring people can access health care.

    “In the past, matrons were elderly women who delivered babies at home,” said Danielle Zouyane, a midwife supervisor. “Today, their role has evolved. They no longer run home births but identify pregnant women who need care and refer them to the health centers.”

    Cameroon 2025 © Vanessa Fodjo/MSF

    “We matrons know how to detect the first signs of pregnancy. We go to [the pregnant women] to ask what’s wrong and encourage them to go to hospital. We tell them about the benefits of prenatal care for the baby.”

    Yeza, matron

    Mother leaders, meanwhile, play a key role in raising awareness about eating habits and encouraging pregnant and breastfeeding women to visit health centers. They also organize cooking demonstrations using local, affordable foods to fight malnutrition, a dangerous health issue in the region.

    “Every week, we visit different neighborhoods to raise awareness,” said Neche Maïzena, a mother leader. “The main challenge for families with ill children is the distance between them and health centers. But thanks to our efforts, more women are seeking consultations.”

    In 2024, mother leaders and matrons reached close to 36,500 people and referred more than 1,100 patients for various conditions, including prenatal and postnatal care, assisted deliveries, vaccinations, malnutrition, and sexual violence. Of those, 1,025 (91 percent) arrived at the Kourgui Integrated Health Center, a 40 percent increase from 2023.

    A cooking demonstration organized by mother leaders at Kourgui Integrated Health Center on how to make enriched porridge to tackle malnutrition. | Cameroon 2025 © Vanessa Fodjo/MSF

    The measurable impact on communities

    The capacity-building efforts for matrons and mother leaders have led to tangible improvements. Since the matron referral strategy was introduced in 2023, the rate of women attending prenatal consultations in the first trimester increased to almost 10 percent, up from just over 6.5 percent the previous year. Although the figures are still low, this marks a significant leap in improving access to care.

    “Women often hide their pregnancies in the first few months, but with the help of the matrons, we can detect early signs and encourage them to go to the hospital,” said Yeza Aoudi, a matron. “We explain the benefits of prenatal care for their baby.”

    In 2024, MSF provided about 14,500 sexual and reproductive health consultations at the Kourgui Integrated Health Center, and 1,380 deliveries.

    Attendees at a cooking demonstration for mothers. | Cameroon 2025 © Vanessa Fodjo/MSF

    A humanitarian crisis with growing needs

    The ongoing crisis in the Lake Chad basin has worsened humanitarian conditions in the Far North, making access to health care even more critical for both people who are displaced and host communities. Since 2015, MSF has been delivering essential medical and humanitarian aid, including emergency surgery, treatment for malaria and diarrhea, and nutrition and reproductive health services.

    Despite significant progress, the challenges remain immense. However, the dedication of local women proves that lasting solutions are possible—even in the most challenging environments.

    MIL OSI NGO

  • MIL-OSI USA: Carolina Wrens and the Carters – A Brief History of the North American Breeding Bird Survey

    Source: US Geological Survey

    Did you know that the USGS’s North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) has a bit of a presidential history? Former President Jimmy Carter and First Lady Rosalynn were avid birders who assisted in the BBS, one of the nation’s most foundational sources for long-term, scientific bird population data. 

    Mark Oberle and Joel Volpi (BBS volunteers) pictured with Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter. Photos courtesy of Birds Georgia.

    The BBS is a cooperative effort between the USGS Eastern Ecological Science Center (EESC) and Environment Canada’s Canadian Wildlife Service to monitor the status and trends of North American bird populations. The program was initiated in 1966 in response to prominent concerns at the time. In the mid-20th century, the use of post-war chemicals like DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) grew, as did concerns about their effects on wildlife. Local studies had attributed some bird kills to pesticides, but it was unclear how, or if, bird populations were being affected. Responding to this concern, a wildlife biologist named Chandler Robbins and his colleagues at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (now a campus of the EESC) created the BBS program to monitor bird populations over large geographic areas.

    Today, BBS data show good news for Bald Eagle, Osprey, and other bird populations that had been affected by DDT, as all have made strong recoveries following its ban. But bird populations continue to encounter widespread threats including land-use changes, invasive species, wildlife diseases, and other chemical contaminants. To help understand these, the BBS continues its nearly sixty-year legacy, providing an inexpensive and reliable way to capture the long-term record of North American bird population change. BBS provides the critical context needed to identify changes before species become at-risk, which helps keep common birds common and aids the growing $107 billion birdwatching industry in the U.S.

    Each year during the height of the avian breeding season (June, for most of the U.S. and Canada), thousands of dedicated participants highly skilled in bird identification collect these important BBS data. These observers sample the BBS’s thousands of pre-determined roadside routes by stopping at roughly half-mile intervals to perform bird counts. During each count, the observer records every bird they see or hear within a quarter-mile radius for exactly 3-minutes — no more or less – making it the perfect job for a conscientious, service-oriented birder.

    Mark Oberle and Joel Volpi (BBS volunteers) pictured with Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter. Photo courtesy of Birds Georgia. 

    On his experience with birding and the BBS, President Carter remarked in an interview, “We don’t like to just add a name to our list. We also like to learn something about each species’ habits. After our trip to Tanzania, we discovered that one of the study trails for the annual U.S. Breeding Bird Survey is located near our home in Plains, Georgia. Ever since, we have joined the survey experts during the first week of June and we’ve learned a lot about the local species and their calls. Now, wherever we travel, we try to set aside time for bird-watching with an experienced local birder.”

    For five years between 1989 and 1996, Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter participated in the Lacross BBS survey, located not far from their home in Plains, GA. They assisted BBS observer Mark Oberle.

    The BBS archive of records at the EESC includes correspondence related to their participation, like mention of an anhinga found on the route for the first time during one of their surveys. In another year, Mark reflected on how he and the Carters felt their low Carolina Wren numbers were likely due to a March blizzard that had brought two inches of snow to Plains, GA. Their conclusion aligns with later findings from BBS data range-wide, showing that Carolina Wren populations decline following harsh winters.

    In a later correspondence, Mark reflected on his time with the Carters, noting their familiarity with the route and the unique use of a Secret Service vehicle.

    The invaluable data provided by the Carters and thousands of other participants are compiled by BBS coordinators and analyzed by researchers, all of whom work collectively to deliver BBS data and analysis products to the public. The BBS has accumulated data from over 700 bird species and provides long-term population trends for more than 500, meeting the assessment and planning needs of resource managers, scientists, atlas projects, educators, and many more.

    To learn more about the North American Breeding Bird Survey, see our data, and learn how you can participate, visit our site here.

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: UK-Japan Economic 2+2

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments 3

    News story

    UK-Japan Economic 2+2

    The UK and Japanese governments have met for the Economic 2+2 Ministers’ Meeting

    On March 7, from 6:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. for approximately 2 hours, the Japan-UK Economic 2+2 Ministers’ Meeting (“Economic 2+2”) was held. The meeting was attended by Mr. IWAYA Takeshi, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan, Mr. MUTO Yoji, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan, the Rt. Hon. David Lammy MP, Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Rt. Hon. Jonathan Reynolds MP, Secretary of State for Business and Trade of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The overview of the meeting is as follows.

    At the outset, Minister Iwaya stated that it was his pleasure to host the first Japan-UK Economic 2+2 Ministers’ Meeting in Tokyo, the establishment of which was announced by the leaders of Japan and the UK to promote dialogue on how trade and economic security converges with foreign policy; and hoped that today’s meeting would be an opportunity for both countries, as each other’s closest security partners in Europe and Asia, to strengthen their economic ties, building on the strong foundations of the Japan-UK Global Strategic Partnership articulated by the Hiroshima Accord.

    Minister Muto stated that he welcomed holding the Japan-UK Economic 2+2 Ministers’ Meeting and expressed his expectations for enhanced cooperation in areas such as economic security, energy, and innovation between Japan and the UK, which share fundamental values and continue to build a strong relationship.

    Foreign Secretary Lammy thanked Japan for hosting this inaugural meeting and underscored the importance of the dialogue in addressing the increasing convergence between economic and foreign policy issues and the significance of UK-Japan collaboration to forge a path in an increasingly volatile world.

    Minister Reynolds stated national security and economic growth are mutually reinforcing, and that he looked forward to using the discussion to explore areas of cooperation where the UK and Japan can jointly mitigate global risks to economic growth and trade.

    The global economic order now faces significant challenges. With shared fundamental values including freedom, democracy, and rule of law, the four Ministers from Japan and the UK committed to work to uphold these values by sustaining and strengthening a free, fair, and rules-based global economic order, and discussed issues on Economic Security, Free and Open International Trade, Energy Security, Global South as follows.

    Economic Security

    The four Ministers concurred that, given challenges in global trade, enhancing economic resilience internationally is an important contributor to sustainable and stable global growth.

    The four Ministers affirmed that coordination between partners and like-minded countries is essential to bolster economic resilience. Ministers also confirmed that the relationship between Japan and the UK is increasingly important and expressed their joint ambition to strengthen cooperation on economic resilience and economic security, including sharing analysis and insights, enhancing supply chain resilience and cooperation on critical and emerging technology issues.

    The four Ministers instructed officials to have meetings to take forward discussions to address the economic security challenges facing Japan and the UK, including enhancing supply-chain resilience, developing a fair market, and other relevant issues – with a view to enhancing their economic security partnership.

    The four Ministers concurred that this would support the industrial strategy partnership as discussed in the Strategic Economic Policy and Trade Dialogue.

     The four Ministers expressed concern over economic coercion, non-market policies and practices including harmful industrial subsidies, market-distorting practices of state-owned enterprises, as well as forced technology transfer, and harmful non-market overcapacity and other market distortions resulting from the non-market policies and practices.

     The four Ministers also reconfirmed the importance of cooperating with like-minded countries to build resilient and reliable supply-chains, including those for critical minerals that are essential for net-zero transition and digitalisation.

     In this regard, the four Ministers concurred to explore criteria that take into account not only economic factors, but also factors linked to the Principles on Resilient and Reliable Supply Chains, comprising of transparency, diversification, security, sustainability, and trustworthiness and reliability.

     Furthermore, the four Ministers concurred on continuing discussions to strengthen the coordination of their respective policies to further promote and protect critical and emerging technologies, recognising the importance of strategic public-private partnership, information exchange on economic security and the value of our two countries’ like-mindedness. The four Ministers concurred on deepening cooperation on export controls and research security to further facilitate the exchange of controlled goods and technologies between the two countries.

     The four Ministers welcomed the signing of Memorandums of Understanding between Japanese and UK industry partners that will facilitate joint Japan-UK supply chains and collaboration in the development of next-generation quantum computing.

     The four Ministers concurred on further strengthening effective export controls on materials, technology, and research that could be used for military purposes in a way that keeps pace with rapid technological developments.

     The four Ministers expressed their desire to see a just and lasting peace in Ukraine which ensures its future sovereignty and security. The four Minister reaffirmed their continued support to Ukraine in pursuit of peace through strength, in line with Ukraine’s needs. The four Ministers expressed their resolve to continue our comprehensive sanctions and economic measures to restrict as far as possible the revenues, goods, and technology Russia uses to fund and conduct its illegal war of aggression against Ukraine.

     To that end, the four Ministers concurred to continue action against Russia and countries supporting the Russian military complex through technical discussions to prevent diversion of key critical, specialist and emerging technologies. They reiterated their concern for China’s increasing support to Russia and Russia’s defense industrial base, which is decisively enabling Russia to maintain its illegal war in Ukraine.

    Free and Open International Trade

     The four Ministers reaffirmed the importance of the rules-based multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core as an important structure that affords legal stability and predictability for businesses, and concurred on moving towards strengthening all of the WTO’s functions, including negotiation, monitoring, deliberation and dispute settlement, as it marks the 30th anniversary of its establishment with an eye to the outcome of the 14th WTO Ministerial Conference (MC14) scheduled for next March.

     The four Ministers recognised the role played by plurilateral discussions and negotiations within the WTO in advancing issues of interest and called for the early incorporation of the Investment Facilitation for Development Agreement and the Agreement on Electronic Commerce into the WTO’s legal framework.

     The four Ministers also confirmed that they will work closely together in WTO discussions, including addressing contemporary trade-related issues such as non-market policies and practices, as well as climate change.

     The four Ministers emphasised the importance of developing robust international rules and norms and effectively utilising existing tools to ensure a global level playing field.

     In addition, the Japanese Ministers welcomed the UK’s accession to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) last December, and the four Ministers recognised that the CPTPP is an important pillar in promoting a free and fair rules-based economic order in the Indo-Pacific region.

     The Ministers confirmed that they would continue to work closely together with other parties to ensure CPTPP remains a modern, high-standards agreement.

    Energy Security

     The four Ministers discussed energy security risks and opportunities for Japan-UK collaboration to support further development of clean energy supply-chains.

     Ministers welcomed the signing of the Memoranda of Cooperation on offshore wind cooperation among governments, organisations, companies and on cooperation in advanced robotics and autonomous systems, and welcomed the  civil-nuclear collaboration between companies and research institutions of both countries, including on advanced nuclear technologies, fusion energy, and  nuclear decommissioning.

     They reaffirmed that they would continue promoting energy cooperation between Japan and the UK to deliver energy security for their citizens.

     Furthermore, they acknowledged their collaboration in the clean energy sector and emphasised the importance of creating Japan-UK collaborative projects to accelerate the clean energy transition in third countries and to strengthen coordination in pursuit of this.  

     The four Ministers also reaffirmed their shared commitment to keeping a limit of 1.5C temperature rise within reach and achieving net zero by 2050.

     They confirmed the need to reduce reliance on energy supply from unreliable and hostile actors.

     All four Ministers concurred that Russia’s illegal, unjustifiable and unprovoked full-scale invasion of Ukraine threatens the security of the Euro-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, which is inseparable.

    Engagement with Global South

     The four Ministers shared the recognition that it is important to further enhance cooperation with Global South countries to maintain and strengthen a rule-based international economic order and affirmed that they would engage with the Global South towards sustainable development and trade mechanisms that support economic development and poverty reduction.

     They noted the importance of the WTO 14th Ministerial Conference, which will be held in Cameroon – in supporting this.

    The four Ministers reaffirmed the need for Japan and the UK to remain advocates of a free, open, and rules-based international economic order in the face of growing risks of global economic fragmentation and concurred on continuing their bilateral cooperation in areas such as the economic policies of both countries and economic security, while deepening discussions and cooperation with like-minded countries in related fields.

    Updates to this page

    Published 7 March 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: Activities of the Secretary-General in Egypt, 2-5 March

    Source: United Nations General Assembly and Security Council

    The United Nations Secretary-General, António Guterres, arrived in Cairo from New York on Monday, 3 March.

    He first held a meeting with António Costa, President of the European Council.  They discussed cooperation between the United Nations and the European Union on various issues of global importance.

    On Tuesday, 4 March, the Secretary-General met with João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço, President of Angola and Chair of the African Union.  They exchanged views on peace and security issues and developments across the continent.

    Afterwards, the Secretary-General had a bilateral meeting with General Joseph Aoun, President of Lebanon.  They discussed the latest developments in Lebanon, the situation in the region and the importance of the full implementation of Security Council resolution 1701 (2006).

    In the afternoon, the Secretary-General met with Ahmad Hussein al-Sharaa of Syria.  They exchanged views about the historic opportunity to chart a new course for Syria, as well as the challenges facing the country.

    Later, the Secretary-General addressed the Extraordinary Arab Summit on the situation in the Middle East/Gaza.  He said that “this Summit is an important signal that the world has a collective responsibility to support efforts to end this war, relieve profound human suffering and secure lasting peace”.  He added that “we need a clear political framework that lays the foundation for Gaza’s recovery, reconstruction and lasting stability” and “that framework must be based on principles and respect for international law”.

    The Secretary-General departed Cairo on 4 March, and arrived in New York early on Wednesday, 5 March.

    MIL OSI United Nations News

  • MIL-OSI Africa: Secretary-General’s video message on the occasion of International Women’s Day [scroll down for French version]

    Source: United Nations – English

    strong>Download the video:  https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/downloads2.unmultimedia.org/public/video/evergreen/MSG+SG+/SG+Intl+Women+Day+8+Mar+25/MSG+SG+INTL+WOMEN+DAY+21+FEB+25.mp4

    When the doors of equal opportunity are open for women and girls, everyone wins.

    Equal societies are more prosperous and peaceful – and the foundation of sustainable development.

    On this International Women’s Day, we recognize thirty years of progress and achievement since the landmark United Nations conference in Beijing.

    This transformed the rights of women – and reaffirmed those rights as human rights.

    Since then, women and girls have shattered barriers, defied stereotypes, and demanded their rightful place.

    But we must be clear-eyed about the challenge.

    From pushback to rollback, women’s human rights are under attack.

    Age-old horrors – violence, discrimination and economic inequality – still plague societies.

    And newer threats such as biased algorithms are programming inequalities into online spaces, opening-up new arenas of harassment and abuse.  

    Instead of mainstreaming equal rights, we’re seeing the mainstreaming of misogyny.

    We must fight these outrages.

    And keep working to level the playing field for women and girls.

    We need action to unlock finance so countries can invest in equality – and to prioritize those investments.

    Action to open-up equal opportunities for decent work, close the gender pay gap, and tackle challenges around care work.
     
    Action to strengthen and implement laws to end all forms of violence against women and girls.

    Action to secure women’s full participation in decision-making, including in peacebuilding.
     
    And action to remove the obstacles to women and girls in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. 

    The United Nations Pact for the Future, and the Global Digital Compact offer blueprints to guide these actions.

    When women and girls can rise, we all thrive.

    Together, let’s stand firm in making rights, equality and empowerment a reality for all women and girls, for everyone, everywhere.
     
    ***

    Lorsque les portes de l’égalité des chances sont ouvertes aux femmes et aux filles, tout le monde y gagne.

    Les sociétés égalitaires sont plus prospères et plus pacifiques, et constituent le fondement du développement durable.

    En cette Journée internationale des femmes, nous célébrons trente ans d’avancées et de progrès réalisés depuis la conférence historique des Nations Unies organisée à Beijing.

    Celle-ci a transformé les droits des femmes et permis de réaffirmer qu’ils étaient des droits humains.

    Depuis, les femmes et les filles ont renversé les barrières, brisé les stéréotypes et revendiqué la place qui leur revient.

    Mais nous devons être lucides sur les défis à relever.

    Bafoués ou restreints, les droits humains des femmes sont menacés.

    Des atrocités séculaires – la violence, la discrimination et les inégalités économiques – continuent d’accabler les sociétés.

    De nouvelles menaces, comme les algorithmes qui véhiculent les stéréotypes, créent des inégalités dans les espaces en ligne, ouvrant la voie à de nouvelles formes de harcèlement et d’abus.

    Au lieu d’observer une généralisation de l’égalité des droits, nous assistons à la banalisation de la misogynie.

    Nous devons combattre ces outrages.

    Et continuer d’œuvrer pour que les femmes et les filles disposent des mêmes chances que les hommes et les garçons.

    Nous devons agir pour débloquer des financements afin que les pays puissent investir dans l’égalité – et pour faire de ces investissements une priorité.

    Agir pour assurer l’égalité d’accès à des emplois décents, pour combler l’écart de rémunération entre les femmes et les hommes et pour résoudre les difficultés liées au travail domestique.

    Agir pour renforcer et appliquer les lois visant à mettre fin à toutes les formes de violence contre les femmes et les filles.

    Agir pour garantir la pleine participation des femmes à la prise de décision, notamment dans le domaine de la consolidation de la paix.

    Et agir pour éliminer les barrières qui empêchent les femmes et les filles d’accéder aux filières des sciences, de la technologie, de l’ingénierie et des mathématiques.

    Le Pacte pour l’avenir et le Pacte numérique mondial donnent des orientations qui doivent guider ces actions.

    L’épanouissement des femmes et des filles profite à tout le monde.

    Ensemble, prenons des initiatives fortes pour faire de l’égalité une réalité pour toutes les femmes et toutes les filles, pour garantir leurs droits et pour leur donner des moyens d’action, dans l’intérêt général, partout.

    ***
     

    MIL OSI Africa

  • MIL-OSI Video: President Cyril Ramaphosa engages with various stakeholders of the City of Johannesburg.

    Source: Republic of South Africa (video statements)

    President Ramaphosa engages with various stakeholders of the city of Johannesburg.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntgbBkXVPPM

    MIL OSI Video

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: DR Congo crisis leaves mothers with newborns fleeing to Burundi

    Source: United Nations 2

    Peace and Security

    The aid response in Burundi to the crisis in neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) “is literally buckling”, the UN refugee agency, UNHCR, warned on Friday, as it relayed dramatic testimonies from people forced to flee the unchecked advance of Rwanda-backed M23 rebels.

    Over 63,000 people now have crossed into the country, Burundi, fleeing atrocities, deadly conflict in parts of eastern DR Congo,” said Faith Kasina, UNHCR Regional Spokesperson for East and Horn of Africa and Great Lakes.

    Amid the largest influx of refugees Burundi has seen in decades because of the hostilities in eastern DRC’s mineral-rich region, the UNHCR official issued an urgent appeal for immediate and sustained humanitarian funding to meet growing needs among the new arrivals. “This country, despite its best efforts, was not prepared for this emergency,” Ms. Kasina noted.

    The alert comes just days since UNCHR warned that sexual violence and human rights abuses remain rampant near the frontlines in DRC, along with looting and destruction of homes and businesses.

    Aid response ‘buckling’

    To assist the new arrivals, UNCHR and partners are registering them in Rugombo before facilitating their onward passage to refugee sites far from the border. “But without more or without sustained funding…the aid response is literally buckling,” she warned.

    At least 45,000 refugees have crammed into a stadium in Rugombo. “Conditions are extremely harsh…there are at least 45,000 people still sheltering in the stadium. The stadium is literally bursting at the seams.”

    Testimonies from many of those fleeing grave rights violations in eastern DRC linked to the M23 advance have continued to highlight the seriousness of the ongoing emergency.

    DR Congo rape alert

    On 4 March, UNHCR warned that 895 cases of rape were reported to humanitarians in the last two weeks of February alone – an average of more than 60 a day.

    One new mother “told me she gave birth three days before she had to flee and she had to cross the Rusizi river with her newborn baby in her arms and four more by her side,” Ms. Kasina said. “She was seeing people’s property and people’s luggage go down the river and she was scared for her life.”

    Another DRC victim uprooted by the conflict described how she had already fled to Rugombo in Burundi as a teenager – “Now she’s forced back in the almost exact same spot now with six children…it’s just as an unending cycle of displacement.

    Highlighting the high number of children separated from their parents, UNHCR has set up a protection desk because “they have no point of contact and therefore these protection desks are useful in terms of trying to identify them, trying to connect them or reunite them with close family members”, the UNHCR official explained.

    There are over one million Congolese refugees across Africa, mainly in neighbouring countries. Uganda hosts more than half of that total, while Burundi has seen most new arrivals since January’s flash M23 offensive.

    Prior to the current crisis, some 6.7 million people were internally displaced within the DRC.

    MIL OSI United Nations News

  • MIL-OSI Global: Women and girls are on the frontline of climate change – but their stories are seldom heard

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Sanam Mahoozi, PhD Candidate in Journalism, City St George’s, University of London

    Jacob Lund/Shutterstock

    Women and girls are disproportionately affected by the climate crisis. They are more likely to suffer health consequences as a result of floods, droughts, heatwaves, air pollution, wildfires and other environmental disasters.

    At the same time, women also tend to be responsible for securing food, water and energy for the rest of their families. When extreme weather makes these resources scarce, their lives and livelihoods are at risk.

    Despite all of this, women are alarmingly underrepresented in climate change and environmental reporting. A global analysis by the non-profit Media Diversity Institute found that only one in four sources quoted in online news stories about climate change, published between 2017 and 2021, were women. That means the stories being told about climate change are mostly through the eyes and experiences of men.

    I study how the media covers environmental issues in authoritarian countries like Iran and throughout the Middle East and North Africa, one of the world’s most climate-vulnerable regions, which faces extreme heat, water shortages and sand and dust storms.

    As part of research for my recently completed PhD, I have found that women are rarely quoted as sources in news about climate change and environmental degradation, and those that do speak up are often threatened.

    Not enough women ‘on record’

    Finding sources in authoritarian countries is already difficult, but finding women who are willing to share their testimonies with journalists is even harder.

    In Iran, environmental issues are highly politicised. Discussing water shortages or air pollution can be interpreted as criticism of the government. Anyone speaking to a journalist can expect intimidation, arrest or even death. Naturally, many sources hesitate to talk. But for women, the barriers are even greater.

    In 2024, I reported on a heatwave in Iran where temperatures exceeded 50°C in some provinces. Through “off-the-record” conversations, I learned that the extreme heat was causing women to suffer heatstroke, menstrual problems, even miscarriages.

    Yet, when I analysed the media coverage, there was little mention of this. Most articles focused on how the government had to shut down schools and offices.

    I reached out to women in different parts of Iran, including mothers, students and medical professionals. Some spoke to me anonymously, but even women in leadership positions within the government or environment sector wouldn’t talk for fear of a reaction from the state intelligence apparatus.

    This is a pattern I’ve seen throughout my research and reporting. If women cannot safely speak out, their struggles remain invisible.

    Women are leading, but where’s the coverage?

    Here’s the irony: while women are missing from climate reporting, they are in fact leading many environmental efforts. Evidence suggests that women are more likely than men to volunteer for environmental causes or act in an environmentally friendly way, for example. Countries with more women in political leadership tend to have stronger climate policies.

    Though, there is some imbalance in media coverage of women too. For example, Swedish activist Greta Thunberg has been recognised in media consumed mostly in wealthier countries in Europe, North America and Australasia (what is often called the global north). But in Asia, Africa and Latin America (often called the global south) where climate change is hitting hardest, I have found women leading environmental movements rarely get the same level of attention.

    This is despite the fact there are numerous women environmental leaders in this part of the world. In Iran, wildlife and conservation activists Niloufar Bayani and Sepideh Kashani were imprisoned and tortured for over six years after being falsely accused of espionage by the intelligence arm of the Islamic revolutionary guard corps.

    Their work was dedicated to protecting Iran’s environment, particularly the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah, highlighting the risks faced by those advocating for conservation under repressive regimes. Bayani wrote a manifesto about the climate crisis and educated women in Tehran’s notorious Evin prison in 2023, when she was still serving a decade-long sentence.

    Another woman, Juliet Kabera of Rwanda, is an advocate for banning plastic bags and single-use plastics and attended global treaty negotiations to tackle plastic waste and cut global production. These women, and their work and sacrifices, are often missing from media coverage about the environment.

    My PhD research on environmental reporting in the Middle East and North Africa, which echoes other work in this area, found that women are often depicted as victims of climate disasters rather than experts, leaders or solution-makers. Women in the global north are more frequently included in discussions about climate policy, activism or research, than their counterparts in the global south.

    When the media misses the perspectives of women living through crises, we miss their ideas and experience. As a result, environmental policies may not reflect the breadth of the problem, or address the needs of those who are most affected.

    If women are more impacted by climate change and are leading the fight, why aren’t they also leading the conversation in the media?

    Sanam Mahoozi does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. Women and girls are on the frontline of climate change – but their stories are seldom heard – https://theconversation.com/women-and-girls-are-on-the-frontline-of-climate-change-but-their-stories-are-seldom-heard-251631

    MIL OSI – Global Reports

  • MIL-OSI Global: Why a US minerals deal with Ukraine won’t deter Russian aggression

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Patrick E. Shea, Senior Lecturer in International Relations and Global Governance, University of Glasgow

    The US vice-president, J.D. Vance, recently told Fox News that “the very best security guarantee” to prevent Russia from invading Ukraine again was “to give Americans economic upside in the future of Ukraine”.

    The implication is that the much-debated minerals deal, in which an investment fund managed by Kyiv and Washington would receive revenue from Ukraine’s natural resources, would create American economic interests in Ukraine. American security interests, it is suggested, could soon follow.

    Vance’s comments came with the deal hanging in the balance. A meeting at the White House on February 28, where the deal was expected to be signed, turned into a shouting match between Vance, the US president, Donald Trump, and his Ukrainian counterpart, Volodymyr Zelensky.

    Zelensky has since attempted to patch up relations with the Trump administration, announcing that he is ready to sign the deal at “any time and in any convenient format”. And Vance, when asked whether an agreement was still on the table, said Trump “is still committed” to reaching a deal.

    Having access to Ukrainian minerals is an important opportunity for America’s missile system electronics and electric vehicle industries. Ukraine is, for example, home to around one-third of all European lithium deposits, the key component in batteries.

    This access is particularly important now that China, which currently accounts for a high proportion of certain US mineral imports, has imposed a ban on exporting rare minerals to the US in retaliation for Trump’s tariff policies.

    But, while Ukraine’s minerals are tempting to the US and other world powers, a deal with Trump won’t help Ukraine’s security situation.

    Trump’s approach has two main flaws. First, research shows that investment typically follows security commitments, not the other way around. Investors seek markets that are stable and protected, rather than hoping their investments create those conditions.

    Previous US presidents have touted similar strategies without success. President William Howard Taft (1857-1930) championed “dollar diplomacy” in the early 20th century, promising that American investments would create stability across Latin America by “substituting dollars for bullets”.

    The reality proved quite different. Throughout this period, the US frequently used military force to protect oil interests in Latin America. But, because these interventions focused on extraction sites rather than defending entire countries, instability continued elsewhere in the region.

    Trump’s “America first” mantra suggests a similar pattern of defending American assets, and not necessarily the countries in which the assets reside.

    Second, the overall US commitment to protect American assets abroad is uncertain. The US has, since the end of the cold war, been selective about when and how it uses military force to protect overseas assets.

    Since 1991, the US military has intervened to protect American property in only four documented instances: Haiti in 2004, Lebanon in 2006, Egypt in 2011 and Yemen in 2012. These cases involved embassies and other smaller properties during periods of civil unrest, rather than defending economic interests.

    Recent presidents, including Trump, have been reluctant to use force to protect threatened American investments. US agribusiness giant Cargill, for example, had to close its operations in Ukraine’s eastern Donetsk region following Russia’s invasion in 2014.

    Building state capacity

    That said, economic relations with America can indeed bolster a partner state’s security. But my own research shows that this is largely through indirect channels, rather than the threat of military intervention.

    For example, US government departments, such as the US patent and trademark office, provide comprehensive training to partner states. Programmes involve training judges, police officers, prosecutors and policymakers to enforce intellectual property protections, administer land registries, combat counterfeiting and develop legal frameworks that protect investments.

    This capacity building not only helps American investors in these countries, but also improves the partner state’s overall capacity. More effective and capable bureaucracies are better able to manage and finance their military capabilities.

    Following Russia’s 2014 invasion of Ukraine, the US launched the agriculture and rural development support program. The initiative aimed to develop Ukraine’s institutional capacity for managing property rights and attracting diverse investments.

    The US Treasury brought in loan advisory firm First Financial Network to help Ukraine navigate its financial crisis after the invasion, while simultaneously building frameworks for foreign investment.

    By 2020, this partnership facilitated US investment firm Allrise Capital’s purchase of Odessa’s Chornomorets football stadium. This deal was described by John Morris, the president of First Financial Network, as demonstrating Ukraine’s ability “to sell assets to the international community”.

    These efforts did not deter Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022. But they helped the Ukrainian government implement several administrative reforms in the years leading up to the invasion, including more efficient tax collection and professionalisation of civil servants. The government was better prepared for war than it would otherwise have been.

    The Ukrainian and Russian armies have been locked in battle for over three years.
    Kutsenko Volodymyr / Shutterstock

    If the US wants to enhance Ukraine’s security through economic means, the Trump administration would need to make two drastic changes.

    First, it would need to reinstate programmes that promote American investment abroad. After assuming office, Trump froze and began dismantling the United States Agency for International Development (USAid). The agency’s capacity-building efforts have security consequences.

    Second, for the US to have both an economic and security impact, Trump needs to reassure America’s allies. Assurances are not Trump’s speciality. On February 26, for example, Trump declined to say whether the US would defend Taiwan if it was attacked by China.

    Research suggests that investments follow alliances. But markets do not care about agreements alone. They respond to other signals too, like explicit statements of support. These statements of support also help to reassure allies and deter rivals.

    Unless Trump changes how he operates on the international stage, the economics of the mineral deal will not help Ukraine’s security situation.

    Patrick E. Shea does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. Why a US minerals deal with Ukraine won’t deter Russian aggression – https://theconversation.com/why-a-us-minerals-deal-with-ukraine-wont-deter-russian-aggression-251436

    MIL OSI – Global Reports

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Lassa fever contact tracing underway

    Source: United Kingdom – Government Statements

    News story

    Lassa fever contact tracing underway

    UKHSA is tracing contacts of a person who travelled to England with Lassa fever and has since returned to Nigeria, with overall public risk remaining very low.

    The UK Health Security Agency has been informed under the International Health Regulations that an individual travelled to England from Nigeria while they were unwell with Lassa fever at the end of February. The individual returned to Nigeria where they were diagnosed.

    We are now working to identify people who were in contact with the affected individual while they were in the country.

    Lassa fever does not spread easily between people and the overall risk to the public is very low. If you have not been contacted by UKHSA then you are very unlikely to have had any exposure to Lassa fever and do not need to take action.

    Lassa fever causes acute infections which can range from very mild symptoms through to a severe viral haemorrhagic fever. People usually become infected with Lassa virus through exposure to food or household items contaminated with urine or faeces of infected rats – present in some West African countries where the disease is endemic. The virus can also be spread between people through contact with infectious bodily fluids.

    Dr Meera Chand, Deputy Director at the UK Health Security Agency, said:

    Our Health Protection Teams are working at pace to get in touch with people who were in contact with this individual while they were in England, to ensure they seek appropriate medical care and testing should they develop any symptoms. The infection does not spread easily between people, and the overall risk to the UK population is very low.

    Updates to this page

    Published 7 March 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Japan-UK Economic 2+2

    Source: United Kingdom – Government Statements

    News story

    Japan-UK Economic 2+2

    The UK and Japanese governments have met for the Economic 2+2 Ministers’ Meeting

    On March 7, from 6:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. for approximately 2 hours, the Japan-UK Economic 2+2 Ministers’ Meeting (“Economic 2+2”) was held. The meeting was attended by Mr. IWAYA Takeshi, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan, Mr. MUTO Yoji, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan, the Rt. Hon. David Lammy MP, Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Rt. Hon. Jonathan Reynolds MP, Secretary of State for Business and Trade of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The overview of the meeting is as follows.

    At the outset, Minister Iwaya stated that it was his pleasure to host the first Japan-UK Economic 2+2 Ministers’ Meeting in Tokyo, the establishment of which was announced by the leaders of Japan and the UK to promote dialogue on how trade and economic security converges with foreign policy; and hoped that today’s meeting would be an opportunity for both countries, as each other’s closest security partners in Europe and Asia, to strengthen their economic ties, building on the strong foundations of the Japan-UK Global Strategic Partnership articulated by the Hiroshima Accord.

    Minister Muto stated that he welcomed holding the Japan-UK Economic 2+2 Ministers’ Meeting and expressed his expectations for enhanced cooperation in areas such as economic security, energy, and innovation between Japan and the UK, which share fundamental values and continue to build a strong relationship.

    Foreign Secretary Lammy thanked Japan for hosting this inaugural meeting and underscored the importance of the dialogue in addressing the increasing convergence between economic and foreign policy issues and the significance of UK-Japan collaboration to forge a path in an increasingly volatile world.

    Minister Reynolds stated national security and economic growth are mutually reinforcing, and that he looked forward to using the discussion to explore areas of cooperation where the UK and Japan can jointly mitigate global risks to economic growth and trade.

    The global economic order now faces significant challenges. With shared fundamental values including freedom, democracy, and rule of law, the four Ministers from Japan and the UK committed to work to uphold these values by sustaining and strengthening a free, fair, and rules-based global economic order, and discussed issues on Economic Security, Free and Open International Trade, Energy Security, Global South as follows.

    Economic Security

    The four Ministers concurred that, given challenges in global trade, enhancing economic resilience internationally is an important contributor to sustainable and stable global growth.

    The four Ministers affirmed that coordination between partners and like-minded countries is essential to bolster economic resilience. Ministers also confirmed that the relationship between Japan and the UK is increasingly important and expressed their joint ambition to strengthen cooperation on economic resilience and economic security, including sharing analysis and insights, enhancing supply chain resilience and cooperation on critical and emerging technology issues.

    The four Ministers instructed officials to have meetings to take forward discussions to address the economic security challenges facing Japan and the UK, including enhancing supply-chain resilience, developing a fair market, and other relevant issues – with a view to enhancing their economic security partnership.

    The four Ministers concurred that this would support the industrial strategy partnership as discussed in the Strategic Economic Policy and Trade Dialogue.

     The four Ministers expressed concern over economic coercion, non-market policies and practices including harmful industrial subsidies, market-distorting practices of state-owned enterprises, as well as forced technology transfer, and harmful non-market overcapacity and other market distortions resulting from the non-market policies and practices.

     The four Ministers also reconfirmed the importance of cooperating with like-minded countries to build resilient and reliable supply-chains, including those for critical minerals that are essential for net-zero transition and digitalisation.

     In this regard, the four Ministers concurred to explore criteria that take into account not only economic factors, but also factors linked to the Principles on Resilient and Reliable Supply Chains, comprising of transparency, diversification, security, sustainability, and trustworthiness and reliability.

     Furthermore, the four Ministers concurred on continuing discussions to strengthen the coordination of their respective policies to further promote and protect critical and emerging technologies, recognising the importance of strategic public-private partnership, information exchange on economic security and the value of our two countries’ like-mindedness. The four Ministers concurred on deepening cooperation on export controls and research security to further facilitate the exchange of controlled goods and technologies between the two countries.

     The four Ministers welcomed the signing of Memorandums of Understanding between Japanese and UK industry partners that will facilitate joint Japan-UK supply chains and collaboration in the development of next-generation quantum computing.

     The four Ministers concurred on further strengthening effective export controls on materials, technology, and research that could be used for military purposes in a way that keeps pace with rapid technological developments.

     The four Ministers expressed their desire to see a just and lasting peace in Ukraine which ensures its future sovereignty and security. The four Minister reaffirmed their continued support to Ukraine in pursuit of peace through strength, in line with Ukraine’s needs. The four Ministers expressed their resolve to continue our comprehensive sanctions and economic measures to restrict as far as possible the revenues, goods, and technology Russia uses to fund and conduct its illegal war of aggression against Ukraine.

     To that end, the four Ministers concurred to continue action against Russia and countries supporting the Russian military complex through technical discussions to prevent diversion of key critical, specialist and emerging technologies. They reiterated their concern for China’s increasing support to Russia and Russia’s defense industrial base, which is decisively enabling Russia to maintain its illegal war in Ukraine.

    Free and Open International Trade

     The four Ministers reaffirmed the importance of the rules-based multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core as an important structure that affords legal stability and predictability for businesses, and concurred on moving towards strengthening all of the WTO’s functions, including negotiation, monitoring, deliberation and dispute settlement, as it marks the 30th anniversary of its establishment with an eye to the outcome of the 14th WTO Ministerial Conference (MC14) scheduled for next March.

     The four Ministers recognised the role played by plurilateral discussions and negotiations within the WTO in advancing issues of interest and called for the early incorporation of the Investment Facilitation for Development Agreement and the Agreement on Electronic Commerce into the WTO’s legal framework.

     The four Ministers also confirmed that they will work closely together in WTO discussions, including addressing contemporary trade-related issues such as non-market policies and practices, as well as climate change.

     The four Ministers emphasised the importance of developing robust international rules and norms and effectively utilising existing tools to ensure a global level playing field.

     In addition, the Japanese Ministers welcomed the UK’s accession to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) last December, and the four Ministers recognised that the CPTPP is an important pillar in promoting a free and fair rules-based economic order in the Indo-Pacific region.

     The Ministers confirmed that they would continue to work closely together with other parties to ensure CPTPP remains a modern, high-standards agreement.

    Energy Security

     The four Ministers discussed energy security risks and opportunities for Japan-UK collaboration to support further development of clean energy supply-chains.

     Ministers welcomed the signing of the Memoranda of Cooperation on offshore wind cooperation among governments, organisations, companies and on cooperation in advanced robotics and autonomous systems, and welcomed the  civil-nuclear collaboration between companies and research institutions of both countries, including on advanced nuclear technologies, fusion energy, and  nuclear decommissioning.

     They reaffirmed that they would continue promoting energy cooperation between Japan and the UK to deliver energy security for their citizens.

     Furthermore, they acknowledged their collaboration in the clean energy sector and emphasised the importance of creating Japan-UK collaborative projects to accelerate the clean energy transition in third countries and to strengthen coordination in pursuit of this.  

     The four Ministers also reaffirmed their shared commitment to keeping a limit of 1.5C temperature rise within reach and achieving net zero by 2050.

     They confirmed the need to reduce reliance on energy supply from unreliable and hostile actors.

     All four Ministers concurred that Russia’s illegal, unjustifiable and unprovoked full-scale invasion of Ukraine threatens the security of the Euro-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, which is inseparable.

    Engagement with Global South

     The four Ministers shared the recognition that it is important to further enhance cooperation with Global South countries to maintain and strengthen a rule-based international economic order and affirmed that they would engage with the Global South towards sustainable development and trade mechanisms that support economic development and poverty reduction.

     They noted the importance of the WTO 14th Ministerial Conference, which will be held in Cameroon – in supporting this.

    The four Ministers reaffirmed the need for Japan and the UK to remain advocates of a free, open, and rules-based international economic order in the face of growing risks of global economic fragmentation and concurred on continuing their bilateral cooperation in areas such as the economic policies of both countries and economic security, while deepening discussions and cooperation with like-minded countries in related fields.

    Updates to this page

    Published 7 March 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: Online ‘manosphere’ is moving misogyny to the mainstream

    Source: United Nations 2

    By Conor Lennon

    Women

    A decline in democracy and harmful content spread on social media platforms are helping to drive a backlash against feminism, and the growth of misogynistic and retrograde ideas about the roles of men and women and society.

    The pushback against gender equality is one of the findings in a major report from UN Women, the UN agency for gender equality, on the progress made so far in advancing women’s rights worldwide.

    This latest version of the study, which is updated every five years, comes at a time of great uncertainty, as several donors announce major funding cuts, leading to the disruption of essential services for women worldwide.

    The report measures the extent to which the aims of a groundbreaking women’s rights accord adopted in Beijing in 1995. Around a quarter of countries surveyed note a backlash against feminism and gender equality.

    However, it is not all bad news: there have been many encouraging signs of progress over the last thirty years, from legal protections for women, to services and support for survivors of domestic abuse and bans on gender-based discrimination in the workplace.

    Ahead of the launch of the report, Laura Turquet, the deputy head of the research and data team at UN Women, and Lydia Alpizar, a Costa Rican feminist activist based in Mexico City, spoke to UN News about the reasons for this renewed attack against feminism and what it means for the state of gender relations.

    UN News/Conor Lennon

    Laura Turquet: What we’re talking about is organised resistance to gains that have been made on gender equality, whether that’s preventing the implementation of existing commitments, rolling them back or stopping new laws and policies.

    Examples include the overturning of Roe v. Wade in the United States [a US Supreme Court decision that protected the right to abortion] and the decision by several European countries to pull out of the Istanbul Convention [a treaty on gender-based violence]. And elsewhere, from Argentina to Zimbabwe, we’ve seen a defunding of women’s ministries, or their mandates are changed from focusing on gender equality to a broader focus on families and children, which waters down their ability to drive policies forward.

    Another element is the targeting of women’s rights defenders and activists, women in politics, journalists and trade unionists who dare put their heads above the parapet and speak out on gender equality.

    Lydia Alpizar: There most common form of attack is harassment and defamation, including criminalization, building fabricated charges against women’s human rights defenders, or even arbitrarily detaining them, turning them into political prisoners.

    It can also lead to more lethal forms of violence, such as disappearances and killings. In Mexico and Central America, we have documented 35,000 attacks on and 200 killings of women human rights defenders since 2012,

    Soundcloud

    UN News: Is the situation in your region getting worse?

    Lydia Alpizar: Yes. When we started, we didn’t have as many killings. Right now, we have an open dictatorship in Nicaragua where there are political prisoners including women, and there are other countries with women’s rights defenders in prison, including Mexico. There are other defenders that are in prison, such as Kenia Hernandez in Mexico, or others who are protecting nature in El Salvador.

    We are definitely seeing an increase in attacks on feminists working on gender-based violence, political participation an access to sexual and reproductive health and rights: the highest levels of abuse take place during March, which is women’s month, when most marches and public demonstrations in support of women take place.

    UN News: What are the reasons for the increased threats and violence?

    Lydia Alpizar: One has to do with the way in which agendas for gender equality and women’s rights have been transforming the world.

    We have definitely made progress across important areas that are included in the Beijing Declaration, in terms of legislation, policies and cultural transformation, really changing the way in which women are recognized in their public and private lives.

    More women are leading movements that are challenging the interest of very powerful actors, so there is a backlash.

    © UNHCR/Antoine Tardy

    Young DAFI scholars from the DAFI Women Power Club, a mentoring initiative in Burundi. All four are originally from DR Congo.

    UN News: So, the pushback is a response to the progress that is being made?

    Laura Turquet: I think that is true to a large extent, but it also goes hand in hand with a decline in the strength of democracies in general. Many countries are experiencing the erosion of key democratic institutions such as freedom of the press, free and fair elections, and the rights of women to speak in public.

    They become a target of those who want to return to an imagined past where men and women had much more traditional roles.

    It’s also linked to rising inequality. A few people at the top are doing extremely well whilst millions are being left behind. When people feel that they can’t access a decent job or a basic standard of living, they look for scapegoats, whether it’s migrants, LGBTQ people, or women who are speaking up.

    UN News: Social media also seems to be connected, bringing formerly fringe ideas into the mainstream.

    Lydia Alpizar: We have seen an increase of these kinds of narratives. Social media is a big platform for the dissemination of misogynistic and sexist ideas and women’s rights defenders are called bad mothers to stigmatize the work that they do and there is a trend of legitimizing violence against them.

    Laura Turquet: There has a been a development of a “manosphere,” an online ecosystem where extreme and outdated ideas, particularly about violence against women, but also related to a very narrow kind of idea of masculinity.

    But I also want to say that online spaces and social media have been a place where feminists can organize and link up with other kids of social movement. I think we just have to make sure that those spaces are safe and that we root out misogynist and violent online environments so that women are not targeted in that way.

    UN News: On balance, is the world in a better place, when it comes to gender relations?

    Lydia Alpizar: Yes, absolutely. In the countries where I work, gender relations have been transformed and the world is a different place for women and gender non-conforming people.

    Ther is hope, but we’re concerned about the challenges we face right now.

    Laura Turquet: There has been significant progress since 1995. The proportion of women in parliaments has doubled, violence against women is on the political agenda in a way that it wasn’t thirty years ago, and maternal mortality has declined by a third.

    But there’s still so much to do. We need to make sure that 2025 is the year that we don’t back down, that we continue to fight for justice, and we continue to march forward for the rights of women and girls.

    MIL OSI United Nations News

  • MIL-OSI Europe: AFRICA/TANZANIA – Erection of the diocese of Bagamoyo, Tanzania, and appointment of first bishop

    Source: Agenzia Fides – MIL OSI

    Friday, 7 March 2025

    Vatican City (Agenzia Fides) – The Holy Father has erected the new diocese of Bagamoyo, Tanzania, with territory taken from the metropolitan archdiocese of Dar-es-Salaam and the diocese of Morogoro, making it a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Dar-es-Salaam.The Holy Father has appointed Bishop Stephano Lameck Musomba, O.S.A., until now titular bishop of Perdices and auxiliary of Dar-es-Salaam, as first bishop of the newly-erected diocese.Bishop Stephano Lameck Musomba, O.S.A., was born on 25 September 1969 in the village of Malonji, metropolitan archdiocese of Mbeya. He studied philosophy and theology at the Jordan University of Morogoro and was awarded a licentiate in patrology from the Augustinianum Patristic Institute in Rome.He entered the Order of Saint Augustine and received priestly ordination on 24 July 2003.He has held the following offices: parish assistant (2003-2004 and 2014-2016) and parish priest (2018-2021) of Immaculate Conception in Mavurunza in Dar-es-Salaam; formator in the House of Formation of the Order in Morogoro (2008-2009 and 2016-2018); lecturer in the Faculty of Theology of Jordan University in Morogoro (2008-2009); parish priest of Saint Augustine in Ternboni in Dar-es-Salaam (2009-2014); and prior of the Community of Saint Monica (2018-2021).He was appointed titular bishop of Perdices and auxiliary of Dar-es-Salaam on 7 July 2021, and received episcopal consecration the following 21 September.The Diocese of Bagamoyo [nom. lat. Bagamoyensis] was dismembered from the Archdiocese of Dar-es-Salaam and the Diocese of Morogoro and made suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Dar-es-Salaam. The See of the Diocese is in the city of Bagamoyo. The Cathedral church of the new ecclesiastical circumscription will be the church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, in Bagamoyo. (Agenzia Fides, 7/3/2025)

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  • MIL-OSI Europe: AFRICA/NIGERIA – The murder of Father Okechukwu is only the latest act in a chain of crimes arising from the insecurity that threatens all citizens

    Source: Agenzia Fides – MIL OSI

    Abuja (Agenzia Fides) – “This is not only an attack on the Church, but above all a direct affront to the values of justice, peace and human dignity.” This is how Julius Yakubu Kundi, Bishop of Kafanchan, described the murder of Father Sylvester Okechukwu, kidnapped and killed in the state of Kaduna, in northwestern Nigeria (see Fides, 6/3/2025).In a statement entitled “Righteous indignation at the horrible murder of my son,” Bishop Kundi said: “With deep sorrow and righteous indignation, I condemn in the strongest terms the incessant and tragic wave of kidnappings that have targeted priests, pastoral workers and the faithful. The diocese is gripped by anguish and the land is filled with rage. How long will our pastors and brothers be hunted like prey? Until when will our places of worship become a source of fear rather than sanctuaries of hope? The Bishop of Kafanchan also recalls that the murder of Father Okechukwu is not an isolated event. “This is not a unique tragedy. We remember with pain the murder of catechist Raymond Ya’u on 21 July 2021 in Matyei, Father Johnmark Cheitnum, kidnapped and killed on 14 July 2022 in Yadin Garu, Council of Lere (see Fides, 20/7/2022), the 25-year-old seminarian Naaman Stephen Ngofe, killed in Fadan Kamantan, Council of Zangon Kataf, on 7 September 2023, and catechist Istifanus Katunku, kidnapped on 4 July 2024 in Kagal, Council of Zangon Kataf, whose fate remains unknown. These atrocities increase our pain and strengthen our call for justice.” Finally, Bishop Kundi highlights how several local communities in his diocese are living in anguish over the continued kidnappings of citizens by criminal gangs that remain unpunished.Father Sylvester Okechukwu, 44, had been captured by gunmen who attacked the rectory of St. Mary Tachira Church, where he was parish priest, late in the evening of March 4. On the morning of March 5, a team of security forces conducting a search operation found the body of Father Okechukwu with clear signs of violence. The Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) in the 19 northern states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which brings together the various Christian churches and communities in Nigeria, has also expressed its condolences on the death of Father Okechukwu in a statement issued today, March 7. “Northern CAN expresses its deepest condolences to the Catholic Archdiocese of Kaduna, the Diocese of Kafanchan, the family of Father Okechukwu and the Christian faithful who have been plunged into mourning by this painful act during this period of Lent,” the statement reads. “This heinous crime highlights once again the alarming insecurity prevailing in our nation, especially in Northern Nigeria, where innocent citizens, including members of the clergy, are repeatedly attacked, kidnapped and killed with impunity. The incessant attacks by criminal elements against the Church and society at large must not be allowed to continue unchecked.” (L.M.) (Agenzia Fides, 7/3/2025)
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  • MIL-OSI Europe: AFRICA/KENYA – Bishop of Nakuru: “We do not know where the huge sum of money donated to churches by politicians comes from and we should be worried”

    Source: Agenzia Fides – MIL OSI

    Nairobi (Agenzia Fides) – “Let the church not be seen as a beneficiary while schools have no books, hospitals have no medicine and doctors and teachers have no pay,” said the Bishop of Nakuru, Cleophas Oseso, in his homily for Ash Wednesday, referring to donations made by politicians to the various Churches in Kenya. “We do not know where the huge sum of money donated to churches by politicians comes from and we should be worried,” warned the Bishop of Nakuru. Recalling the teaching of the Gospel (“When you donate with your right hand, your left hand should not know the amount donated,” Mt. 6:3), Bishop Oseso urged politicians to stop announcing or making public the amounts donated to the various Churches. “Let donations be done in secret to ensure the same is genuine and not a form for campaign or show-off.” The Bishop of Nakuru’s comments came at a time when Kenya is going through a deep economic crisis. Just today, March 7, the Association of Private Hospitals ordered the suspension of services at its affiliated facilities in protest against the lack of reimbursement by the State. (L.M.) (Agenzia Fides, 7/3/2025)
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  • MIL-OSI Security: Foreign National Extradited From Spain To Face Charges For Alleged International “Tech Support Fraud Scheme”

    Source: Office of United States Attorneys

    CHARLOTTE, N.C. – Acting U.S. Attorney Lawrence J. Cameron announced today that Bikramjit Ahluwalia, 39, a dual citizen of the United Kingdom and the United Arab Emirates living in Dubai, was extradited from Spain and will appear in federal court in Charlotte later today. Ahluwalia, also known as “Biku,” “Internetteam5000,” “Don Bonsa,” and “Bobby,” is charged in a federal indictment with conspiracy to commit wire fraud, money laundering conspiracy, conspiracy to damage a protected computer, and wire fraud for his alleged role in an extensive “tech support fraud scheme.”

    Generally, a tech support fraud scheme causes malicious pop-ups to appear on unsuspecting users’ computers, warning their devices have been infiltrated by a virus or another serious computer issue, convincing users to purchase unnecessary repair services or technical support using a telephone number or a link on the victims’ computer screens.

    According to allegations in the indictment, Ahluwalia and his co-defendant, Andrew Brolese, owned Digital Marketing Support Services (DMSS), a Seychelles-based company that published and sold malicious pop-ups as a means of generating customer traffic for overseas call centers from victims of their tech support scheme. From April 2016 to March 2021, Ahluwalia and Brolese and their conspirators targeted victims throughout the United States, some of whom were 55 and older. It is alleged that the victims targeted in the scheme experienced computer pop-ups that mimicked fatal system-error screens, also known as “blue screens of death,” malicious pop-ups suggesting malware had been installed on their computers, or urgent warnings for technical issues related to the victims’ services, software, or devices. The indictment alleges that victims targeted by the malicious pop-ups were then instructed to call a number to receive technical services to help resolve their issues. As alleged in the indictment, the various overseas call centers, upon receipt of the victim call traffic, would use the misrepresentations in the pop-ups, false diagnoses of computer issues, and other deceptive sales techniques to trick the victims into paying hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars to the call centers to receive unnecessary technical support for the non-existent computer issues.

    The indictment alleges that Ahluwalia and Brolese conspired with others to sell incoming calls from targeted victims seeking purported tech support to companies around the world, including to an individual who owned companies in the Western District of North Carolina. It is further alleged that Ahluwalia and Brolese received over $31.2 million in illicit payments from the tech support scheme, through wire transfers made to DMSS’s bank accounts located overseas.

    Ahluwalia is expected to appear for his initial hearing before U.S. Magistrate Judge David C. Keesler in Charlotte at 10:15 a.m.

    Ahluwalia’s charges for conspiracy to commit wire fraud and wire fraud carry a maximum penalty of 30 years in prison. The maximum sentence for money laundering is 20 years in prison, and for the charge of conspiracy to damage a protected computer is five years in prison. A federal district court judge will determine any sentence after considering the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines and other statutory factors.

    The charges in the indictment are allegations and the defendant is presumed innocent unless and until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt in a court of law.

    The investigation was led by the Nashville Cyber Task Force which comprises the Knoxville Office of the FBI and the Knoxville Police Department. We thank the government of Spain for their substantial assistance arresting and extraditing Ahluwalia. The Justice Department’s Office of International Affairs provided significant assistance in securing the extradition of Ahluwalia from Spain.

    Assistant U.S. Attorney Matthew Warren with the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Charlotte is prosecuting the case.

     

    MIL Security OSI

  • MIL-OSI Africa: The G20: how it works, why it matters and what would be lost if it failed

    Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Danny Bradlow, Professor/Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Advancement of Scholarship, University of Pretoria

    South Africa took over the presidency of the G20 at the end of 2024. Since then the world has become a more complex, unpredictable and dangerous place. The most powerful state in the world, the US, seems intent on undermining the existing order that it created and on demonstrating its power over weaker nations. Other influential countries are turning inward.

    These developments raise concerns about how well mechanisms for global cooperation, such as the G20, can continue to operate, particularly those that work on the basis of consensual decision making. Danny Bradlow sets out how the G20 works, and what’s at stake.

    What’s the G20’s purpose?

    The G20 is a forum in which the largest economies in the world meet regularly to discuss, and attempt to address, the most urgent international economic and political challenges. The group, which includes both rich and developing countries, accounts for about 67% of the world’s population, 85% of global GDP, and 75% of global trade.

    The G20, in fact, is a misnomer. The actual number of G20 participants in any given year far exceeds the 19 states and 2 international entities (the European Union and the African Union) that are its permanent members. Each year they are joined by a number of invited “guests”. While there are some countries, for example Spain and the Netherlands, that are considered “permanent” G20 guests, the full list of guests is determined by the chair of the G20 for that year. This year, South Africa has invited 13 countries, including Denmark, Egypt, Finland, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates. They are joined by 24 invited international organisations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the United Nations and eight African regional organisations, among others.

    The G20 should be understood as a process rather than a set of discrete events. Its apex is the annual leaders’ summit at which the participating heads of state and government seek to agree on a communiqué setting out their agreements on key issues. These agreements are non-binding and each of the participating states usually will implement most but not all the agreed points.

    The communiqué is the outcome of a two track process: a finance track, consisting of representatives of the finance ministries and central banks in the participating counties, and a “sherpa” track that deals with more political issues. In total these two tracks will involve over 100 meetings of technical level officials and policymakers.

    Most of the work in each track is done by working groups. The finance track has seven working groups dealing with issues ranging from the global economy and international financial governance to financial inclusion and the financing of infrastructure. The sherpa track has 15 working groups dealing with issues ranging from development and agriculture to health, the digital economy, and education.

    The agenda for the working group meetings is based on issues notes prepared by the G20 presidency. The issues notes will discuss both unfinished business from prior years and any new issues that the president adds to the G20 agenda.

    The working group chairs report on the outcomes of these meetings to the ministerial meetings in their track. These reports will first be discussed in meetings of the deputies to the ministers. The deputies will seek to narrow areas of disagreement and sharpen the issues for discussion so that when they are presented at the ministerial meeting the chances of reaching agreement are maximised.

    The agreements reached at each of these ministerial meetings, assuming all participants agree, will be expressed in a carefully negotiated and drafted communiqué. If the participants cannot agree, the minister chairing the meeting will provide a chair’s summary of the meeting. These documents will then inform the communiqué that will be released at the end of the G20 summit. This final communiqué represents the formal joint decision of the participating heads of state and government.

    The G20 process is supplemented by the work of 13 engagement groups representing, for example, business, labour, youth, think tanks, women and civil society in the G20 countries. These groups look for ways to influence the outcomes of the G20 process.

    What is the G20 troika and how does it operate?

    The G20 does not have a permanent secretariat. Instead, the G20 president is responsible for organising and chairing the more than 100 meetings that take place during the year. The G20 has decided that this burden should be supported by a “troika”, consisting of the past, present and future presidents of the G20. This year the troika consists of Brazil, the past chair; South Africa, the current chair; and the US, the future chair.

    The role of the troika varies depending on the identity of the current chair and how assertive it wishes to be in driving the G20 process. It will also be influenced by how active the other two members of the troika wish to be.

    The troika helps ensure some continuity from one G20 year to another. This is important because there is a significant carryover of issues on the G20 agenda from one year to the next. The troika therefore creates the potential for the G20 president to focus on the issues of most interest to it over a three year period rather than just for one year.

    How successful has the G20 process been?

    The G20 is essentially a self-appointed group which has designated itself as the “premier forum for international economic cooperation”.

    The G20 was first brought together during the Asian financial crisis in the 1990s. At that time, it was limited to a forum in which ministers of finance and central bank governors could meet to discuss the most important international economic and financial issues, such as the Asian financial crisis.

    The G20 was elevated to the level of heads of state and government at the time of the 2008 global financial crisis.

    The G20 tends to work well as a cooperative forum when the world is confronting an economic crisis. Thus, the G20 was a critical forum in which countries could discuss and agree on coordinating actions to deal with the global financial crisis in 2008-9.

    It has performed less well when confronted with other types of crises. For example, it was found wanting in dealing with the COVID pandemic.

    It has also proven to be less effective, although not necessarily totally ineffective, when there is no crisis. So, for example, the G20 has been useful in helping address relatively technical issues such as developing international standards on particular financial regulatory issues or improving the functioning of multilateral development banks. On other more political issues, for example climate, food security, and funding the UN’s sustainable development goals, it has been less effective.

    There’s one less obvious, but nevertheless important, benefit. The G20 offers officials from participating countries the chance to interact with their counterparts from other G20 countries. As a result, they come to know and understand each other better, which helps foster cooperation between states on issues of common interest. It also ensures that when appropriate, these officials know whom to contact in other countries and this may help mitigate the risk of misunderstanding and conflict.

    These crisis management and other benefits would be lost if the G20 were to stop functioning. And there is currently no alternative to the G20 in the sense of a forum where the leading states in the world, which may differ on many important issues, can meet on a relatively informal basis to discuss issues of mutual interest. Importantly, the withdrawal of one G20 state, even the most powerful, should not prevent the remaining participants from using the G20 to promote international cooperation on key global challenges.

    In this way it can help manage the risk of conflict in a complex global environment.

    – The G20: how it works, why it matters and what would be lost if it failed
    – https://theconversation.com/the-g20-how-it-works-why-it-matters-and-what-would-be-lost-if-it-failed-251500

    MIL OSI Africa

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: 7 March 2025 UHC-Partnership: Nigerians in Imo State are protected from financial hardship when accessing health services

    Source: World Health Organisation

    Favour Owuamanam, from Umuechetanmehe Amiri in Imo State, was 9 months pregnant and had been referred for a planned caesarean section due to the prospects of a high-risk delivery. When her labor started before her due date, she was rushed to Vaden Specialist Hospital for an emergency caesarean section and gave birth successfully. However, her baby had complications with neonatal asphyxia and jaundice and required additional care.

    The Imo State Health Insurance Agency facilitated the immediate transfer of the baby to the special care unit in Imo State Specialist Hospital. Both mother and baby were covered under health insurance and did not need to pay for any services.

    “Medical treatments are usually so high. I don’t know where I would have found the money to pay for my hospital bills. I am very grateful to the Imo State Health Insurance Agency Team,” said Favour.

    Marcus Moses and family, beneficiaries of the Imo State Health Insurance Agency. Photo by: WHO/Nigeria

    This is one of many health interventions by the Imo State Health Insurance Agency. The Agency has instituted one of the best and most responsive referral systems in Nigeria. In less than 10 months of implementation, over 516 cases have been referred through the health insurance programme, saving many lives through emergency surgery at no cost to the patient.

    Some of Nigeria’s poorest and most vulnerable populations are now able to access health care services without suffering financial hardship as a result. This is due to the passing of health insurance laws and the implementation of a health insurance programme that removes the burden of financial cost to the patient. Simultaneously, the quality of primary health care services is being strengthened, which has increased trust in and use of the services.

    This is a strong effort by the Government of Nigeria to ensure that its population is protected from financial hardship and is able to access timely and quality health services in line with the principles of universal health coverage (UHC).

    Engaging parliamentarians and the Executive to enable laws

    The enactment of mandatory health insurance laws and implementation of the Basic Health Care Provision Fund in 2023 has changed the lives of many poor and vulnerable Nigerians in Imo State.

    To advocate and make a strong case for the establishment of the Imo State Health Insurance Program, WHO, through the UHC Partnership, helped to establish the State Health Financing Unit and Technical Working Group in the State Ministry of Health. WHO technical staff then worked to build capacity and generate evidence.

    “The Imo State Government is putting mechanisms in place to ensure the protection of all citizens against financial risks associated with health care in the state. Unfortunately, the demand for health services is relentless and people end up becoming poorer to stay alive whenever they are sick. These actions will mitigate the use of the regressive out-of-pocket payments in health that pushes people into the vicious cycle of poverty, disease, and death,” said Dr Uchenna Ewelike, Executive Secretary, Imo State Health Insurance Agency.

    Sustained high-level advocacy by WHO resulted in better understanding and synergy between the Executive led by the State Governor and the parliamentarians, and this led to the speedy passage and ascent of the Imo State Health Insurance Bill into Law.

    “More investment in health, and health insurance specifically, has huge returns for the economy. This is demonstrated by an investment case for health in Imo State, developed by WHO, that shows up to 200% increase in real GDP and 200% increase in the number of jobs created over 5 years. As health is a human right and duty of the state, WHO will work with Imo State to develop a plan that will guide a progressive increase in coverage to achieve the UHC benchmark of at least 80% of the state population,” said Dr Walter Kazadi Mulombo, WHO Representative to Nigeria.

    Nigeria is one of more than 125 countries and areas to which the UHC Partnership helps deliver WHO support and technical expertise in advancing UHC through a PHC approach. The UHC Partnership represents over 3 billion people. It is supported and funded by Belgium, Canada, the European Union, France, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, Japan, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and WHO.

    MIL OSI United Nations News

  • MIL-OSI Global: The G20: how it works, why it matters and what would be lost if it failed

    Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Danny Bradlow, Professor/Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Advancement of Scholarship, University of Pretoria

    South Africa took over the presidency of the G20 at the end of 2024. Since then the world has become a more complex, unpredictable and dangerous place. The most powerful state in the world, the US, seems intent on undermining the existing order that it created and on demonstrating its power over weaker nations. Other influential countries are turning inward.

    These developments raise concerns about how well mechanisms for global cooperation, such as the G20, can continue to operate, particularly those that work on the basis of consensual decision making. Danny Bradlow sets out how the G20 works, and what’s at stake.

    What’s the G20’s purpose?

    The G20 is a forum in which the largest economies in the world meet regularly to discuss, and attempt to address, the most urgent international economic and political challenges. The group, which includes both rich and developing countries, accounts for about 67% of the world’s population, 85% of global GDP, and 75% of global trade.

    The G20, in fact, is a misnomer. The actual number of G20 participants in any given year far exceeds the 19 states and 2 international entities (the European Union and the African Union) that are its permanent members. Each year they are joined by a number of invited “guests”. While there are some countries, for example Spain and the Netherlands, that are considered “permanent” G20 guests, the full list of guests is determined by the chair of the G20 for that year. This year, South Africa has invited 13 countries, including Denmark, Egypt, Finland, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates. They are joined by 24 invited international organisations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the United Nations and eight African regional organisations, among others.

    The G20 should be understood as a process rather than a set of discrete events. Its apex is the annual leaders’ summit at which the participating heads of state and government seek to agree on a communiqué setting out their agreements on key issues. These agreements are non-binding and each of the participating states usually will implement most but not all the agreed points.

    The communiqué is the outcome of a two track process: a finance track, consisting of representatives of the finance ministries and central banks in the participating counties, and a “sherpa” track that deals with more political issues. In total these two tracks will involve over 100 meetings of technical level officials and policymakers.

    Most of the work in each track is done by working groups. The finance track has seven working groups dealing with issues ranging from the global economy and international financial governance to financial inclusion and the financing of infrastructure. The sherpa track has 15 working groups dealing with issues ranging from development and agriculture to health, the digital economy, and education.

    The agenda for the working group meetings is based on issues notes prepared by the G20 presidency. The issues notes will discuss both unfinished business from prior years and any new issues that the president adds to the G20 agenda.

    The working group chairs report on the outcomes of these meetings to the ministerial meetings in their track. These reports will first be discussed in meetings of the deputies to the ministers. The deputies will seek to narrow areas of disagreement and sharpen the issues for discussion so that when they are presented at the ministerial meeting the chances of reaching agreement are maximised.

    The agreements reached at each of these ministerial meetings, assuming all participants agree, will be expressed in a carefully negotiated and drafted communiqué. If the participants cannot agree, the minister chairing the meeting will provide a chair’s summary of the meeting. These documents will then inform the communiqué that will be released at the end of the G20 summit. This final communiqué represents the formal joint decision of the participating heads of state and government.

    The G20 process is supplemented by the work of 13 engagement groups representing, for example, business, labour, youth, think tanks, women and civil society in the G20 countries. These groups look for ways to influence the outcomes of the G20 process.

    What is the G20 troika and how does it operate?

    The G20 does not have a permanent secretariat. Instead, the G20 president is responsible for organising and chairing the more than 100 meetings that take place during the year. The G20 has decided that this burden should be supported by a “troika”, consisting of the past, present and future presidents of the G20. This year the troika consists of Brazil, the past chair; South Africa, the current chair; and the US, the future chair.

    The role of the troika varies depending on the identity of the current chair and how assertive it wishes to be in driving the G20 process. It will also be influenced by how active the other two members of the troika wish to be.

    The troika helps ensure some continuity from one G20 year to another. This is important because there is a significant carryover of issues on the G20 agenda from one year to the next. The troika therefore creates the potential for the G20 president to focus on the issues of most interest to it over a three year period rather than just for one year.

    How successful has the G20 process been?

    The G20 is essentially a self-appointed group which has designated itself as the “premier forum for international economic cooperation”.

    The G20 was first brought together during the Asian financial crisis in the 1990s. At that time, it was limited to a forum in which ministers of finance and central bank governors could meet to discuss the most important international economic and financial issues, such as the Asian financial crisis.

    The G20 was elevated to the level of heads of state and government at the time of the 2008 global financial crisis.

    The G20 tends to work well as a cooperative forum when the world is confronting an economic crisis. Thus, the G20 was a critical forum in which countries could discuss and agree on coordinating actions to deal with the global financial crisis in 2008-9.

    It has performed less well when confronted with other types of crises. For example, it was found wanting in dealing with the COVID pandemic.

    It has also proven to be less effective, although not necessarily totally ineffective, when there is no crisis. So, for example, the G20 has been useful in helping address relatively technical issues such as developing international standards on particular financial regulatory issues or improving the functioning of multilateral development banks. On other more political issues, for example climate, food security, and funding the UN’s sustainable development goals, it has been less effective.

    There’s one less obvious, but nevertheless important, benefit. The G20 offers officials from participating countries the chance to interact with their counterparts from other G20 countries. As a result, they come to know and understand each other better, which helps foster cooperation between states on issues of common interest. It also ensures that when appropriate, these officials know whom to contact in other countries and this may help mitigate the risk of misunderstanding and conflict.

    These crisis management and other benefits would be lost if the G20 were to stop functioning. And there is currently no alternative to the G20 in the sense of a forum where the leading states in the world, which may differ on many important issues, can meet on a relatively informal basis to discuss issues of mutual interest. Importantly, the withdrawal of one G20 state, even the most powerful, should not prevent the remaining participants from using the G20 to promote international cooperation on key global challenges.

    In this way it can help manage the risk of conflict in a complex global environment.

    Danny Bradlow, in addition to his position at the University of Pretoria, is working as a G20 senior advisor to the South African Institute of International Affairs and is co-chair of the T20 Taskforce on Financing of Sustainable Development.

    ref. The G20: how it works, why it matters and what would be lost if it failed – https://theconversation.com/the-g20-how-it-works-why-it-matters-and-what-would-be-lost-if-it-failed-251500

    MIL OSI – Global Reports

  • MIL-OSI Video: President Ramaphosa engages with various stakeholders of the city of Johannesburg.

    Source: Republic of South Africa (video statements-2)

    President Ramaphosa engages with various stakeholders of the city of Johannesburg.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8p6vH6g1SUk

    MIL OSI Video

  • MIL-OSI Video: President Ramaphosa meets the leadership of the Johannesburg Metro Council

    Source: Republic of South Africa (video statements)

    President Ramaphosa meets the leadership of the Johannesburg Metro Council

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oMLtQbCWLAA

    MIL OSI Video

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: “Sarpanch Pati” Culture Under Spotlight in New Digital Campaign

    Source: Government of India (2)

    “Sarpanch Pati” Culture Under Spotlight in New Digital Campaign

    New Episode of the Panchayat Web series  “Asli Pradhan Kaun?” showcases exemplary Leadership skills of Elected Woman Gram Pradhan

    Posted On: 07 MAR 2025 2:01PM by PIB Delhi

    The Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR) has launched a pioneering campaign to eliminate proxy representation and promote genuine women leadership at the grassroots level. As part of this initiative, MoPR has collaborated with The Viral Fever (TVF) for the production of a series of  compelling digital content that addresses critical issues affecting local rural governance. Created within the universe of the widely acclaimed web-series Panchayat, this production by TVF features renowned actors like Neena Gupta, Chandan Roy, and Faisal Malik.

    The first of these productions, “Asli Pradhan Kaun?” premiered on 4th March, 2025, coinciding with the launch of the Ministry’s “Sashakt Panchayat Netri Abhiyan” (सशक्त पंचायत-नेत्री अभियान). The film was screened at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi before an audience of over 1,200 elected women representatives of Panchayati Raj Institutions from across the country.

    The film ‘Asli Pradhan Kaun?’, illustrates how effectively a woman Gram Pradhan exercises her powers for  public welfare. “Asli Pradhan Kaun?”  addresses the issue of ‘Sarpanch Pati’ culture – where male family members unofficially represent elected women leaders – a practice that undermines the constitutional mandate of women representation in Panchayati Raj Institutions. Speaking about her role, acclaimed actor Neena Gupta said, “It’s always a pleasure to be part of stories that have a purpose. Asli Pradhan Kaun? is not just another production – it is a reflection of real-life challenges faced by women in rural India. I am excited for audiences to see how beautifully this message has been conveyed through storytelling”.

    This initiative comes in the wake of the recent Report on “Transforming Women’s Representation and Roles in Panchayati Raj Systems and Institutions: Eliminating Efforts for Proxy Participation”, which has gained wider attention and gathered momentum in favour of the Ministry’s consistent efforts to strengthen genuine women leadership in local governance. As part of its comprehensive approach, the Ministry will release two additional productions focusing on:

    1. Digital Intervention and Transparency – Showcasing how technology can transform rural governance
    2. Own Source Revenue – Highlighting the importance of financial independence / self-reliance for Panchayats

    Also featuring actors Durgesh Kumar and Bullu Kumar, these upcoming releases will further advance the Ministry’s mission to create impactful change at the grassroots level. The year-long “Sashakt Panchayat Netri Abhiyan” is designed to enhance the capacity and effectiveness of Women Elected Representatives of Panchayati Raj Institutions across the country. It will focus on building skills and confidence of women elected to Panchayati Raj positions, ensuring they can exercise their constitutional rights and responsibilities effectively.

    Click here to watch :https://youtu.be/GVxadWl5Cjk?si=B8A652NLbt1odCo6

    ***

    Aditi Agrawal

    (Release ID: 2109041) Visitor Counter : 13

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Written question – The disproportionate burden Greece bears in managing migration – E-000885/2025

    Source: European Parliament

    Question for written answer  E-000885/2025
    to the Commission
    Rule 144
    Nikolaos Anadiotis (NI)

    Greece, being on the EU’s external border, shoulders a disproportionate part of the burden when it comes to migration management, particularly with regard to migration flows from the Eastern Mediterranean and along the Greece-Italy route. Greek surveillance and reception mechanisms are not sufficiently equipped and funding for border management has been mainly focused on non-EU countries.

    The EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF) has funded actions to address migration flows. However, according to a European Court of Auditors’ report, these actions in North Africa (e.g. Libya and Tunisia) do not include clear effectiveness indexes demonstrating a reduction in irregular migration towards Greece[1], nor is there sufficient evidence of a reduction in migration flows to Europe in general[2].

    In view of the above:

    • 1.What measures does the Commission intend to take to ensure that Greece and the other first-entry countries do not have to shoulder any more of the burden of managing migration flows?
    • 2.Does it intend to provide more resources for the immediate reinforcement of Greek surveillance mechanisms?

    Submitted: 28.2.2025

    • [1] https://www.eca.europa.eu/en/publications?ref=sr-2024-17, point 71 of European Court of Auditors special report 17/2024
    • [2] https://www.eca.europa.eu/en/publications?ref=sr-2024-17, points 42 and 68 of European Court of Auditors special report 17/2024
    Last updated: 7 March 2025

    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI NGOs: Zimbabwe: Ten years without answers since journalist and activist Itai Dzamara’s enforced disappearance 

    Source: Amnesty International –

    Ahead of the 10-year anniversary of the enforced disappearance of Zimbabwean journalist and pro-democracy activist Itai Peace Dzamara, Amnesty International calls on authorities to urgently establish an independent, impartial and transparent investigation into his whereabouts. 

    On the morning of 9 March 2015, five men abducted Dzamara from a barber shop in the capital Harare’s Glen View suburb. The men accused him of stealing cattle before handcuffing him and driving off with him in a white truck with concealed number plates. All attempts by relatives and human rights lawyers to establish his whereabouts have been unsuccessful.

    “Itai Dzamara’s family and loved ones have endured ten years without answers. The authorities have ignored calls for information and investigation, including from his wife Sheffra Dzamara,” said Tigere Chagutah, Amnesty International’s Regional Director for East and Southern Africa. “Zimbabwean authorities must urgently carry out an effective investigation into what happened to Itai Dzamara and end their official silence on his case.” 

    Dzamara was a leader of the Occupy Africa Unity Square, a pro-democracy protest group. Two days before his enforced disappearance, Dzamara addressed an opposition rally where he called for mass action against Zimbabwe’s deteriorating economic conditions. 

    “Itai Dzamara’s family and loved ones have endured ten years without answers. The authorities have ignored calls for information and investigation, including from his wife Sheffra Dzamara,”

    Tigere Chagutah, Amnesty International Regional Director for East and Southern Africa

    Immediately after Dzamara’s abduction, his wife filed a missing person report at Glen Norah Police Station in Harare. The next day, Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights approached the High Court to try to force the state to expend all available resources to investigate and locate Dzamara. 

    The High Court of Zimbabwe ordered police and state security agents to search for Dzamara and report on their progress every two weeks. However, according to his lawyer, none of the security services have fully complied with the order. Police have reportedly not given any substantial information on the details of their supposed investigation when they submitted reports to the court, and have stopped submitting reports. 

    “Authorities have yet to conduct any credible inquiry into Itai Dzamara’s fate or whereabouts,” said Tigere Chagutah. “It is time for the authorities to stop pretending and get serious about finding Itai Dzamara and holding accountable whoever is suspected of responsibility for his enforced disappearance.” 

    MIL OSI NGO

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Written question – Socio-economic consequences of the new ‘EU ETS 2’ emissions-trading system – E-000578/2025

    Source: European Parliament

    Question for written answer  E-000578/2025/rev.1
    to the Commission
    Rule 144
    Marie-Luce Brasier-Clain (PfE), Ondřej Knotek (PfE), Jaroslav Bžoch (PfE), Branko Grims (PPE), Kateřina Konečná (NI), Anna Bryłka (PfE), Dominik Tarczyński (ECR), Julie Rechagneux (PfE), Ewa Zajączkowska-Hernik (ESN), Filip Turek (PfE), Barbara Bonte (PfE), Philippe Olivier (PfE), Jean-Paul Garraud (PfE), Diana Iovanovici Şoşoacă (NI), Gilles Pennelle (PfE), Roman Haider (PfE), Valérie Deloge (PfE), Malika Sorel (PfE), Angéline Furet (PfE), Nikola Bartůšek (PfE), Sebastian Tynkkynen (ECR)

    On 22 January 2025, Donald Tusk, the Polish Prime Minister, presented his government’s priorities to MEPs in Strasbourg. He expressed concern at the introduction of a new carbon-trading system, EU ETS 2, which will apply to emissions from road transport and heating. In his words: ‘[h]igh energy prices might bring the downfall of many democratic governments’ in the EU.

    Several Member States, including France, have already criticised the viability of this measure, risking as it does driving up energy bills of businesses and households in this difficult socio-economic climate, when the Green Deal is being criticised from all sides owing to its detrimental effects on growth and prosperity and the lack of true safeguards.

    In response to Mr Tusk’s comments, can the Commission therefore say:

    • 1.whether it is considering, under the aegis of the Polish Presidency, reviewing or even repealing the regulation on this new emissions-trading system?
    • 2.whether it has conducted a detailed impact assessment of its socio-economic consequences and the expected effects of its ‘Social Climate Fund’, which is intended to compensate for the increases in future bills?

    Supporter[1]

    Submitted: 7.2.2025

    • [1] This question is supported by a Member other than the authors: Julien Leonardelli (PfE)

    MIL OSI Europe News