NewzIntel.com

Category: Child Poverty

  • MIL-Evening Report: Rebels are continuing their march in eastern Congo – what is their long-term goal?

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Amani Kasherwa, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland

    In late January, a rebel group that has long caused mayhem in the sprawling African nation of Democratic Republic of Congo took control of Goma, a major city of about 2 million people on the border with Rwanda in the country’s east.

    Nearly 3,000 people were killed in one of the deadliest weeks in the history of this mineral-rich country. The dead include 100 female prisoners who were reportedly raped by male inmates at a prison and then burned alive.

    As someone born and raised in the region, I’ve witnessed first-hand the devastating impact of this protracted war on communities. I’ve been in contact with residents in Goma, who have described unprecedented chaos – looting, criminality and a breakdown of essential services. One resident said:

    I’m feeling unsafe in my own house. Last night live bullets penetrated my kitchen, and thank God none of us were there at the time.

    More violence may lay ahead. The M23 rebel group, backed by neighbouring Rwanda, is marching south towards Bukavu, another major city, the provincial capital of South Kivu.

    Though unlikely, it has vowed to topple the government of President Felix Tshisekedi in the capital, Kinshasa, some 2,600 kilometres away.

    Tshisekedi has ruled out entering into dialogue with the rebel group, saying his government would not be “humiliated or crushed”.

    What is M23?

    Founded in 2012, M23 claims to protect the Tutsi ethnic minority group in Congo from discrimination, but it has recently begun pursuing broader political and economic ambitions. It is believed to have about 6,500 fighters, supported by another 4,000 troops from Rwanda.

    Last year, the group was restructured to include other Rwanda-backed militias and politicians in the region. Together, they formed the River Congo Alliance, led by Corneille Nangaa, the former head of Congo’s electoral body. It now appears the group has “longer-term objectives in holding and potentially expanding their territorial control”, one analyst says.

    A military court has issued an arrest warrant for Nangaa this week, alleging he is behind massacres in eastern Congo.

    Congo has one of the richest reserves of critical minerals in the world, including cobalt, copper, coltan, uranium and gold. M23’s advances have given it control over many lucrative mines and supply lines to Rwanda.

    In May 2024, M23 seized the mine in Rubaya, one of the world’s largest coltan reserves, which generates more than US$800,000 (A$1.2 million) in revenue a month.

    As of this week, M23 has also gained control over mining sites in North and South Kivu regions, where children and young people are forced to work in life-threatening conditions. Others have been recruited as child soldiers.

    Potential for a regional conflict

    The current situation echoes the tumult caused in 2012 when M23 briefly seized Goma. Back then, the international community reacted more diligently, suspending around US$200 million (A$318 million) in aid to Rwanda. US President Barack Obama personally called Rwandan President Paul Kagame, urging him to stop supporting the rebel group.

    In contrast, the current offensive has been met with a less coordinated international response.

    The resurgence of M23 has been largely attributed to the failure of regional peace talks, notably the Luanda and Nairobi peace processes.

    Rwanda has leveraged the legacy of the 1994 genocide to secure a continuous flow of Western aid, enabling its involvement in proxy wars in the Congo with little to no repercussions.

    Its involvement in supporting M23 is well documented, with evidence from reports by UN expert groups showing the group is receiving weapons, troops and logistical aid from the country.

    Uganda is also believed to be supporting the rebels, while Burundi is backing the Congolese government.

    This has many worried the current fighting could spiral into a regional conflict.

    What the world can do

    The ongoing crisis in Congo has been catastrophic for the local population, with more than 6.9 million people internally displaced and 1.1 million people fleeing to neighbouring countries.

    The crisis has disproportionately affected women and children. It has caused shortages of water, electricity and food supplies and the collapse of medical care, particularly for newborns and critically ill patients. There are also concerns about a new Ebola outbreak in the region.

    Rebel bombings, some launched from Rwanda, have targeted refugee camps, schools and hospitals. According to the UN and human rights groups, M23 is responsible for a massacre in the village of Kishishe, resulting in scores of killings and mass rapes.

    The international community has long ignored this region, providing only a bare minimum of aid to help the millions in need.

    An immediate ceasefire and massive influx of humanitarian aid are urgently needed. But a lasting peace will remain elusive if the main actors don’t address the root causes of the conflict and work towards sustainable, structural solutions that go beyond military interventions.

    In the past, Amani Kasherwa received funding from the Open Society Foundation for his academic research on the role of youth organisations in the peacebuilding process in the African Great Lakes Region (including DR Congo and Burundi).

    – ref. Rebels are continuing their march in eastern Congo – what is their long-term goal? – https://theconversation.com/rebels-are-continuing-their-march-in-eastern-congo-what-is-their-long-term-goal-248672

    MIL OSI Analysis – EveningReport.nz –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Kaine, Warner Lead Colleagues in Raising Concerns about Virginia Community Health Centers’ Delays in Accessing Funding

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for Virginia Tim Kaine

    WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today, U.S. Senators Tim Kaine and Mark R. Warner (D-VA) led 20 of their colleagues in writing a letter to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Acting Secretary Dorothy A. Fink, M.D. regarding reports that Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) grantees, including community health centers, are experiencing significant delays in accessing funding. The senators also expressed concerns about restrictions on regular communications between HRSA and grantees. These issues come after an Office of Management and Budget (OMB) memo that suspended all federal grant and loan funding. The memo has since been rescinded following pressure from the senators, other Democrats in Congress, and the public, but many grantees that rely on federal funding are still experiencing confusion and uncertainty, and have received little to no guidance from the Trump Administration about their funding.

    There are 31 Federally Qualified Health Centers with over 200 locations—a majority of which serve rural areas with limited access to medical care—in Virginia. Due to the funding freeze, several centers within the Capital Area Health Network closed earlier this week. Kaine and Warner met with Virginia community health centers earlier this week.

    “We are writing to express serious concerns regarding reports that Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) grantees, such as Community Health Centers (health centers), continue to experience significant delays in accessing funding to support services, as well as restrictions on regular communications with agency staff as a result of the Trump Administration’s January 20, 2025 executive orders to pause external communication from federal agencies, and subsequent memorandum directing all federal departments and agencies to freeze all financial assistance.” wrote the members.

    The members continued, “While nearly 70 percent of health center revenue comes from payments from Medicaid, Medicare, commercial insurance, and self-pay patients, health centers rely on their regular federal grant funding to meet payroll obligations and keep their doors open. Beginning in late January, health centers started reporting issues accessing the Payment Management System (PMS) – getting “locked out”, being denied funding they had been awarded, and experiencing long delays in funding being released. As a result, health centers across the country are experiencing panic, unsure how to pay their staff and keep their doors open.”

    “Despite a judge’s order blocking the funding freeze, we are troubled by reports that health centers are unable to access funding duly appropriated by Congress through the PMS. To compound this issue, our offices have heard troubling reports that since the Trump Administration’s executive orders and funding freeze, funding that has already been appropriated and directed by Congress is still being restricted, and standing webinars, briefings, and meetings are being cancelled at the last minute,” they wrote. “Health centers are receiving little communication regarding these cancellations and changes, and the communication they have received from HRSA has been unclear, directing actions that may conflict with current court orders.”

    “Two-thirds of Virginia’s community health centers are located in the rural areas of our Commonwealth,” said Tracy Douglas, CEO of the Virginia Community Healthcare Association. “For countless hardworking individuals and families in these regions, these health centers are not just a place for medical care—they are a lifeline. People rely on them to stay healthy so they can work, care for their families, and live full, productive lives. It is absolutely imperative that we ensure the continued operation of these vital health centers to protect the well-being of our communities and our nation.”

    In addition to Kaine and Warner, the letter is signed by U.S. Senators Richard Blumenthal (D-CT), Lisa Blunt Rochester (D-DE), Chris Coons (D-CT), John Hickenlooper (D-CO), Angus King (I-ME), Ben Ray Luján (D-NM), Jeff Merkley (D-OR), Jack Reed (D-RI), Bernie Sanders (I-VT), Rev. Raphael Warnock (D-GA), Elizabeth Warren (D-MA), Peter Welch (D-VT), and Ron Wyden (D-OR). The letter is also signed by U.S. Representatives Bobby Scott (D-VA-02), Gerry Connolly (D-VA-11), Don Beyer (D-VA-08), Jennifer McClellan (D-VA-04), Eugene Vindman (D-VA-07), Suhas Subramanyam (D-VA-10), and Sarah McBride (D-DE-At-Large).

    The full text of the letter is available here and below.

    Dear Acting Secretary Fink,

    We are writing to express serious concerns regarding reports that Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) grantees, such as Community Health Centers (health centers), continue to experience significant delays in accessing funding to support services, as well as restrictions on regular communications with agency staff as a result of the Trump Administration’s January 20, 2025 executive orders to pause external communication from federal agencies, and subsequent memorandum directing all federal departments and agencies to freeze all financial assistance.

    Community Health Centers provide high-quality primary and preventive care, dental care, behavioral health and substance use disorder services, and low-cost prescription drugs to more than 32 million Americans annually, serving one in five rural Americans and one in three people living in poverty. Nationally, more than 1,400 health centers operate over 15,000 service sites across every state and Territory, employing more than 500,000 individuals and generating nearly $85 billion in economic output.

    Despite the critical role health centers play in addressing health inequities, many centers struggle to keep up with the growing demand for services and rising costs to deliver high-quality care in their communities. While nearly 70 percent of health center revenue comes from payments from Medicaid, Medicare, commercial insurance, and self-pay patients, health centers rely on their regular federal grant funding to meet payroll obligations and keep their doors open. Beginning in late January, health centers started reporting issues accessing the Payment Management System (PMS) – getting “locked out”, being denied funding they had been awarded, and experiencing long delays in funding being released. As a result, health centers across the country are experiencing panic, unsure how to pay their staff and keep their doors open. Due to delays in funding, health centers have reported:

    • “We have put off signing a contract to replace our mammography machine, which has reached end of life, because of this freeze and the uncertainty.”
    • “I’m also now getting providers asking if they should be looking for a new job. Without any understanding and guidance, I’m pretty limited with how much I can actually assure them to do other than tighten our belts…”
    • “Any services that are directly funded by federal funds will be placed on hold…”
    • “We had to use all reserves in 2024. We will not make payroll or any other payments next week without access to this federal funding. Staff will be dismissed without access to federal funds.”
    • “If everything stays the same…the best guess is that we could be fully operational for six months.”
    • “We have the ability to sustain current or full operations for 60 days…Outreach and case management staff…would be in the first wave of layoffs. Unfortunately, those positions rely on federal support as they are typically not reimbursable through third-party payors. In a short period of time, this has had a profound impact on our staff. [Staff are] concerned that we will lose valuable staff members as they are concerned about the stability of the organization.”
    • “We will step back on hiring and likely implement hiring pause unless this is resolved quickly.”
    • “We have enough in reserve to cover two payroll periods.”
    • “The pause in grant funding would create a deficit for us…We would likely need to start reducing staff and healthcare services to the…patients we serve…within the next couple of weeks if the freeze persists.”

    As safety net providers operating on razor-thin margins, health centers need certainty to provide care in underserved communities. In Virginia alone, ongoing delays in accessing funding have caused health centers to close their doors and cancel patient appointments. When health centers close, people with chronic conditions miss appointments, pregnant women miss prenatal visits, and behavioral health services are interrupted, worsening outcomes and increasing costs to the entire health care system.

    Despite a judge’s order blocking the funding freeze, we are troubled by reports that health centers are unable to access funding duly appropriated by Congress through the PMS. To compound this issue, our offices have heard troubling reports that since the Trump Administration’s executive orders and funding freeze, funding that has already been appropriated and directed by Congress is still being restricted, and standing webinars, briefings, and meetings are being cancelled at the last minute. Health centers are receiving little communication regarding these cancellations and changes, and the communication they have received from HRSA has been unclear, directing actions that may conflict with current court orders.

    We request that you provide answers to the following questions in writing no later than Wednesday, February 12, 2025.

    1. How many health centers have draw-down requests pending in the PMS?
      1. How has that number changed, daily, since January 27, 2025?
      2. What is the average wait time from submission of a draw-down request to disbursement of funds prior to January 27, 2025 and after January 27, 2025?
    2. How many health center draw-down requests have been denied since January 27, 2025?
      1. What is the rationale for these denials?
    3. What is the exact timeline for ensuring the PMS is fully operational and disbursing all pending health center draw-down requests?
    4. What specific authority and under which executive action did HRSA or the Department of Health and Human Services use to restrict health center access to the PMS and funding that they had been previously awarded?
    5. Please provide a list of regular standing calls or meetings between HRSA staff and HRSA grantees that have been cancelled since January 20, 2025. Please include the following:
      1. A description of the grantees impacted, including the type of grantees and number of grantees.
      2. Whether funds appropriated by Congress for the purpose of the grant are being withheld from being awarded to the grantees.
    6. Please provide a list of webinars, briefings, information sessions, and trainings that have been cancelled since January 20, 2025. Please include the following:
      1. A description of the purpose of each webinar, briefing, information session, or training.
      2. Whether or not the webinar, briefing, information session, or training is required by statute and if so, provide the corresponding citation.

    Sincerely,

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Kennedy, Schmitt introduce bill to add work requirements to Medicaid, reduce reliance on government

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator John Kennedy (Louisiana)

    WASHINGTON – Sens. John Kennedy (R-La.), a member of the Senate Budget Committee, and Eric Schmitt (R-Mo.) today introduced the Jobs and Opportunities for Medicaid Act. The bill would require able-bodied adults without dependents who receive Medicaid benefits to work or volunteer for at least 20 hours per week. This change could save taxpayers more than $100 billion over 10 years.

    “Medicaid doesn’t work the way it should. Able-bodied adults without dependents are better off with jobs than with hand-outs, and so are their communities and American taxpayers. My Jobs and Opportunities for Medicaid Act would help pave a path out of poverty for millions of Americans,” said Kennedy.

    “By incorporating work requirements for able-bodied adults, Medicaid can serve as a bridge to self-sufficiency, fostering pathways to employment, job training, and community engagement. This not only helps recipients gain financial independence but also preserves resources for the most vulnerable populations, including children, the elderly, and individuals with disabilities,” said Schmitt.

    “The goal of this bill is straightforward: if you’re a healthy adult on Medicaid, we want to make sure you have every opportunity to find employment that leads to better health coverage. Welfare programs shouldn’t incentivize people against working. This is about empowering Americans—helping them become independent, thrive in the workforce, and reach their highest potential,” said Rep. Dan Crenshaw (R-Texas), who introduced the bill in the House of Representatives.

    Background:

    • The CBO estimates that Medicaid work requirements would save $109 billion over 10 years.
    • A 2023 Axios-Ipsos survey revealed that 63% of Americans, including 49% of Democrats, supported work requirements for Medicaid and Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program benefits. 
    • Kennedy also penned this op-ed in the National Review explaining the need for Medicaid work requirements.

    The full bill text is available here.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI New Zealand: Seventy-three graduate in first police wing for 2025

    Source: New Zealand Police (National News)

    Commissioner Richard Chambers, the Minister of Police, Hon Mark Mitchell, Associate Minister of Police Casey Costello and Wing Patron, Glenn Dunbier ONZM congratulated the 73 graduating constables from wing 381 today.
    Families and friends joined the newly attested constables at Te Rauparaha Arena, Porirua this morning to watch them parade out from their initial police training course.

    Constable Brent Edwards, Ngāti Awa, recipient of the Minister’s Award for top recruit of the wing, who was previously a police officer is pleased to be back on the front line; “I missed the job and the sense of satisfaction you get from helping people and holding offenders to account.  There is no other job like it.   But the main reason I’ve returned is the people, the organisation is full of good people, who are doing things for the right reasons.  It is great to be part of it again.”

    The Commissioner’s Award for Leadership and the Patron’s award was awarded to Constable Aleksandar Banjac. “This recognition is not a reflection of my individual efforts, but a testament to the hard work and commitment of the entire wing. This award is a shared achievement, and I accept it with deep respect and gratitude to my peers for the nominations.  I would like to thank everyone involved with their continued support in this journey.”

    All Awards:
    Minister’s Award recognising top student: Constable Brent Edwards, Ngāti Awa, posted to Tasman District. 
    Commissioner’s Award for Leadership and the Patron’s Award for second in wing, recognising second top student: Constable Aleksandar Banjac , posted to Auckland City District.
    Driver Training and Road Policing Practice Award: Constable Lucas Lowe posted to Bay of Plenty District.
    Physical Training and Defensive Tactics Award: Constable Eli Marsters, Ngāti Whanaunga,  posted to Bay of Plenty District.
    Firearms Award: Constable Michael Tooley, posted to Wellington District.

    Deployment:
    The new constables will start their first day of duty in their Police districts on Monday 17 February 2025 and will continue their training on the job as probationary constables.
    Northland 6, Tāmaki Makaurau a total of 23 and broken down as follows: Auckland – 5, Waitematā – 5, Counties Manukau – 13, Waikato – 4, Bay of Plenty – 8, Eastern – 9, Central – 3, Wellington – 9, Tasman – 2, Canterbury – 4, Southern – 5.

    Demographics:
    23.3 percent are female, 76.7 percent are male. New Zealand European make up 58.9 percent of the wing, with Māori 16.4 percent, Pasifika 8.2 percent, Asian 11.0 percent, LAAM 1.4 percent and Other is 4.1 percent.

    381 Wing Patron
    Former Deputy Commissioner Dunbier joined Police in 1985. He has worked across frontline, investigative, covert policing, and numerous leadership roles. He was appointed Area Commander for Eastern Waikato in 2006, District Commander for Bay of Plenty in 2010, then promoted to Deputy Commissioner in 2014. He served as lead police liaison officer in Turkey, coordinating the tri-lateral Australia – New Zealand – Turkey commemorations for the Anzac centenary of Gallipoli in 2015.
    Following a three-year secondment to the Australian Department of Defence in 2017, he became deputy commissioner of operations in early 2020, with responsibility for more than 10,000 New Zealand Police staff. Dunbier led the police response to the Covid-19 pandemic, which included the policing of lockdown restrictions, staffing and managing the managed isolation and quarantine facilities across the country and operating the alert level boundary checkpoints. In 2022, he was made an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit (ONZM) for services to New Zealand Police and the community.  Glenn retired from New Zealand Police in 2023.  He now volunteers with two organisations – one dedicated to combatting food poverty/food waste and the other caring for the aged, as well as participating on boards and committees.

    Watch out for our Ten One story coming soon with more images and stories.

    ENDS

    Issued by Police Media Centre

    MIL OSI New Zealand News –

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Warm homes and cheaper bills as government accelerates Plan for Change

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    Households across the country are set to benefit from cheaper bills and warmer homes as the government accelerates its Plan for Change.

    • Up to half a million households could be lifted out of fuel poverty by 2030 in major boost to standards in the private rental sector
    • Tenants in poor energy performance properties to be hundreds of pounds better off as part of government’s Plan for Change
    • Energy saving measures to be installed in properties to cut the cost of bills and protect the pounds in renters’ pockets

    Families have faced rocketing energy bills as a direct consequence of an overreliance on international gas markets, while at the same time thousands of tenants have been left exposed to cold, draughty homes, pushing bills up even higher.

    The government is now calling time on this inheritance by consulting on bold new plans, which could save private renters £240 per year on average on their energy bills, with all private landlords in England and Wales mandated to meet higher energy performance ratings in their properties by 2030.

    While 48% of private rented homes in England are already Energy Performance Certificate C or above, ministers now want to ensure this good practice is extended to all properties in the sector, making sure landlords are not undercut, while protecting tenants.

    As of 2030 all private landlords will be required to meet a higher standard of Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) C or equivalent in their properties – up from the current level of EPC E.

    This will deliver on the priorities of working people, in line with the Prime Minister’s Plan for Change, by requiring landlords to invest in measures such as loft insulation, cavity wall insulation or double glazing, ensuring homes are warmer and more affordable for tenants.

    Deputy Prime Minister and Housing Secretary Angela Rayner said:

    For far too long we have seen too many tenants plagued by shoddy and poor conditions in their homes and this government is taking swift action to right the wrongs of the past.

    Through our Plan for Change we are driving up housing standards, improving quality of life, and slashing energy bills for working people and families.

    Today is just one of many steps we are taking to deliver on our promise to transform the lives of millions of renters across the country, so families can put down roots and raise their children in secure and healthy homes.

    Energy Secretary Ed Miliband said:

    For years tenants have been abandoned and forgotten as opportunities to deliver warm homes and lower energy bills have been disregarded and ignored.

    As part of our Plan for Change, these new changes could save renters £240 a year by raising the efficiency of homes to cut the cost of bills.

    These plans will also make sure that all private landlords are investing in their properties, building on the good work of many to upgrade their homes to Energy Performance Certificate C or higher already.

    The government is now seeking views from tenants and landlords on the proposals to boost living standards in the private rented sector and cut the cost of energy bills, which include:

    • offering landlords a choice over how to meet energy efficiency standards. This will require them to meet a fabric standard through installing measures such as loft insulation, cavity wall insulation or double glazing, before moving on to a range of other options including batteries, solar panels and smart meters
    • a maximum cap of £15,000 per property for landlords, with support currently available from the Boiler Upgrade Scheme, and Warm Homes: Local Grant which begins delivery this year
    • an affordability exemption, which would lower the cost cap to £10,000 and could be applied based on lower rents or council tax band
    • requiring all landlords to meet the new standard by 2030 at the latest, providing an extra 2 years compared with previous proposals. Homes that are already rated A-C before the introduction of new Energy Performance Certificates would be considered compliant until they expire

    The government is also consulting on a revised fuel poverty strategy, which will focus on improving the energy performance of homes, supporting low-income households with energy affordability and protecting them from high prices.

    Today’s steps mark further progress to deliver the government’s Plan for Change, putting more money in people’s pockets and rebuilding Britain.

    This follows planned reforms to empower Ofgem, the energy regulator, to become a strong consumer champion, upgrading up to 300,000 homes through the Warm Homes Plan this financial year, and driving a new era of clean energy through the Clean Power Action Plan.

    Stakeholder reaction

    Rt Hon Caroline Flint, Chair of the Committee on Fuel Poverty, said:

    Private rented sector tenants have far greater risk of being in fuel poverty particularly in low-cost older homes. The lack of investment by some landlords to end the scandal of cold homes has gone on for too long.

    In the last 5 years the efforts to reduce fuel poverty flatlined. I welcome the focus on improving standards in the private rented sector and the opportunity to reset and re-energise England’s Fuel Poverty Strategy.

    Adam Scorer, Chief Executive of National Energy Action said:

    Alleviating fuel poverty means ensuring everyone can afford to keep their homes warm and healthy. It is about addressing high energy bills and inefficient homes, but it also contributes to other government missions, supporting efforts to reach net zero, preventing ill-health and tackling child poverty. A more vigorous, ambitious approach is very welcome to get back on track to lift millions out of the daily despair of a cold home and unaffordable bills.

    Millions of households are struggling to pay their bills. A disproportionate number of these live in privately rented properties. Working towards stronger energy efficiency standards for landlords is the level of ambition needed to meet legal fuel poverty commitments. The private rented sector includes some of the worst quality housing, lived in by some of the most vulnerable people. We hope that these steps signal an end to fuel poor renters enduring in cold, leaky homes.

    The UK government must now seize the opportunity that this new strategy and regulations bring, fortifying them with new spending to improve the homes of fuel poor households.

    Charles Wood, Deputy Director at Energy UK, said:

    This announcement marks a welcome recommitment from the government to improving energy efficiency standards in rented properties by strengthening Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) requirements. The most affordable energy is the energy we don’t use – yet too many households still lose money and warmth due to inefficient homes. With some of the least energy-efficient housing in Western Europe, there are serious financial and health consequences, particularly for renters who have little control over improving their homes.

    With energy bills remaining high, it’s vital that the government prioritises measures that bring real savings to households and give clarity to the market to ramp up supply chains and training. Boosting energy efficiency is the most effective way to lower energy bills and system costs, and to create warmer, healthier homes for everyone.

    Ben Twomey, Chief Executive at Generation Rent, said:

    One in four private renters live in fuel poverty, the highest rate of any tenure. If we can’t afford to heat our homes properly that makes us vulnerable to ill-health and other problems in the home like damp and mould. Therefore, we encourage renters across the country to respond to this consultation to make sure the benefits of the Warm Homes plan are felt by tenants.

    Madeleine Gabriel, director of sustainable future at Nesta, said:

    Private renters too often face steep energy bills without a clear way to make their home more energy efficient. Private rented properties have worse energy efficiency ratings than both owner-occupied and social rented homes, while private renters are less confident taking energy efficiency measures like turning down boiler flow temperature than homeowners. The government is right to set a clear target for improving energy efficiency in the private rented sector and provide landlords with flexibility to achieve this.

    Stew Horne, Head of policy at Energy Saving Trust, said;

    With energy bills still high, it’s great to see the publication of the much anticipated consultation to get England closer to making the homes of private renters warmer and more affordable to heat.

    With almost a fifth of homes across England being privately rented and around a quarter of these households living in fuel poverty, improving the energy efficiency of these properties is key to supporting a fair transition to a low carbon society. It will also be important to facilitate the changes landlords can make to upgrade private rented homes, including providing access to attractive green finance options.

    We look forward to helping to shape the Warm Homes Plan so it encourages the retrofit of the private rented sector, creating more comfortable homes and lowering bills for renters.

    Notes to editors

    The average cost to landlords of complying with the proposals to upgrade their properties is estimated to be between £6,100 and £6,800 by 2030.

    The consultation on increasing minimum energy efficiency standards in the private rented sector will be available later today.

    The consultation on a new fuel poverty strategy will be available later today.

    Updates to this page

    Published 7 February 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –

  • MIL-OSI Economics: IMF Press Briefing Transcript – Julie Kozack

    Source: International Monetary Fund

    February 6, 2025

    INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND PRESS BRIEFING

    Washington, D.C. Thursday, February 6, 2025

    P R O C E E D I N G S

    1. KOZACK: Good morning, everyone. It’s great to see you all, here in person and online. Welcome to the first IMF press briefing for 2025. I’m Julie Kozak, Director of the Communication Department. As usual, this briefing is embargoed until 11:00 a.m. U.S. Eastern Time. I’ll start with a few announcements and then I’ll move to take your questions in person, on WebEx, and via the Press Center.

       First, Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva will travel to Ethiopia, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia. The Managing Director will visit Ethiopia on February 8th and 9th to meet Prime Minister Abiy and his team, and this visit will take stock of the economic reforms and progress that is being made by the country. She will also meet with stakeholders, including representatives of the private sector.

    The Managing Director will also travel to the United Arab Emirates to participate in the Arab Fiscal Forum on February 10th and the World Government Summit on February 11th where she will deliver keynote remarks. On February 16th and 17th, the Managing Director will participate in a two-day conference in Saudi Arabia on building resilience of emerging market economies. The conference is co-organized by the IMF and the Saudi Finance Ministry.

    The First Deputy Managing Director Gita Gopinath will travel to Japan to join the Article IV mission. She will participate in meetings with the authorities and hold a press conference on February 7th at 10:30 a.m. Tokyo time.

    Finally, Deputy Managing Director Okamura will travel to Japan to participate in a jointly organized IMF-JICA conference on Economic and Fiscal Policy Challenges and Prospects for Asia. And this is scheduled for February 12 and 13.

    And with that I will now open the floor for your questions. For those connecting virtually, please do turn on both your camera and the microphone when speaking. Let’s get started.

    QUESTIONER: Hi,I was just wondering, you mentioned Ethiopia. How concerned are you about sort of countries with large IMF programs which also receive a substantial amount of support from USAID, considering the recent executive order, countries like Ethiopia and Ukraine, for example. Thanks.

    KOZACK: Thanks very much. So with respect to your question, you know we are closely following the announcements and developments regarding USAID. At this stage it’s too early to gauge the precise impact on the countries that it supports. We’ll wait for clarity on the next steps, including any changes to the scope of the work of USAID.

    QUESTIONER: So, the IMF mission is going to start working in Ukraine this month. Could you specify please what main issues will the Fund plan to focus on during the Seventh Review of the EFF program. And the second question is about the pension reform in Ukraine. Ukrainian government committed to starting this reform this year. Could you elaborate on what key changes the IMF expects from Ukraine on this area? Thank you.

    KOZACK: Are there any other questions on Ukraine?

    QUESTIONER: So, according to latest information, the review of the EFF is scheduled to begin this month. When the decision on the disbursement is going to be made and what amount of funds are going to be provided with this fund? And the follow-up, how much money is left in the EFF according to the current situation? Are there any plans to expand this program? Thank you.

    QUESTIONER: Just to follow up on the question about Ethiopia. Obviously, the USAID cuts also affect Ukraine pretty significantly. And I wonder, you know, both in those cases and in all cases involving USAID funding, whether you are working with the US ED here and sort of sending a message about the impact. So, whether you’ve kind of figured it out across the enterprise and across all the countries that the IMF works with as well. Thanks.

    KOZACK: Anything else on Ukraine online? Okay. So, on Ukraine, just to remind everyone of the context. So, on December 20th, the IMF’s Executive Board approved the Sixth Review of the EFF program. That enabled the disbursement of $1.1 billion and that brought total disbursements under the program to $9.8 billion. And the total size of the program, I believe, was $15.6 billion. So, the difference between those two is what would be remaining. At that time, the Board assessed that program performance remained strong. The authorities had met all of the benchmarks and prior actions for the review.

    With respect to the next mission, the technical work for the upcoming review is underway. The mission dates are in the process of being finalized, and once we have them, we’ll be sure to communicate that. During this upcoming mission, the IMF staff will engage with the authorities on fiscal policy, including progress on revenue mobilization, monetary policies for 2025, and also progress in ensuring that debt sustainability and fiscal sustainability are restored. Staff will also be reviewing governance reforms, which remain a key pillar for the program. Based on the approved calendar of disbursements, subject to completion of the next review and, of course, subject to Board approval, Ukraine would have access to about $900 million for that next review.

    With respect to pension reform, the government has committed to launch pension reforms this year in 2025, and they would be spearheaded by the Ministry of Social Policy. And those reforms are supported by external partners, notably the World Bank. What I can also add is that the authorities are in the process of developing a comprehensive set of proposals for pension reforms, but it’s too early to tell exactly what will be included in those proposals and what the changes may be.

    And on the second question, I don’t really have much to add to what I already said, other than obviously we’re paying close attention and we’re awaiting further details.

    QUESTIONER: Hi, good morning. Thank you for taking my question. Just on Syria, can you give us an update if the IMF has made any contact with the new government and if there are any plans to provide a loan package to the country? Thank you.

    KOZACK: We’re closely monitoring, obviously, the situation in Syria, and we stand ready to support the international community’s efforts to assist Syria’s reconstruction as needed and when conditions allow. With respect to our engagement, we have not had a meaningful engagement with Syria since 2009, which was the time of the last Article IV Consultation, and this has been due to the difficult security situation in the country.

    QUESTIONER: I have two questions, and they’re Caribbean-related questions. Can you provide a breakdown of the growth projections for the Caribbean region, more specifically, focusing on St. Kitts and Nevis, and what factors are driving the projected growth or decline outlook for the region, more specifically, the Caribbean region?

    KOZACK: Okay. All right, let me step back and give a little bit of an overview of where we stand, what our view is on the Caribbean. So, following the rapid recovery after the Pandemic, real GDP growth in the region has normalized in recent years. Average GDP growth for the region, and this is excluding Guyana and Haiti, is estimated at 2.2 percent for 2023, 2.4 percent for 2024. And growth, our projection is for growth to remain relatively stable at 2.4 percent in 2025.

    Broadly speaking, there are sort of two groups of countries in the Caribbean. So, we look at tourism-dependent economies, and there we see that growth in tourism economies has slowed as tourism arrivals have returned to pre-Pandemic levels. And then for commodity-exporting countries, they have faced challenges in the energy sector but have overall benefited from robust performance in their non-energy sector, and that has been driven by supportive and economic policies.

    I can also add that inflation in most Caribbean countries has moderated significantly over the past few years, and the decline was due to lower global commodity prices and easing of supply chain disruptions. And we expect inflation to remain moderate in the years to come.

    QUESTIONER: My question is on the comment by Managing Director Georgieva in Davos. MD mentioned in Davos clearly that more cooperation in the regional levels might be needed in the future in such a fragmented world and IMF would support such a movement. And could you give me some more detailed plans?

    KOZACK: Thanks very much for the question. What the Managing Director noted in Davos is that we are seeing shifting patterns in global cooperation, in trade, and in other areas, including financial and capital flows. And of course, as a global institution, what will be important for us is as we engage with our membership, right, to take all of this into account to ensure that we can give our members the best policy advice within our mandate of economic and financial stability.

    QUESTIONER: Thanks so much, Julie. I wanted to ask you very broadly about the changes that are happening in the United States and the tariffs that President Trump has announced. Now the implementation of the tariffs on Canada and Mexico has been delayed to March 1st. And, you know, it’s not clear what will happen there exactly. But one of the, you know, the tariffs on China have stayed in place. China has now announced tariffs that will kick in on February 10th. The IMF has warned repeatedly against rising protectionism and also kind of cataloged the thousands of trade restrictions that have been put in place and growing over time since COVID. Can you just walk us through what your perception is right now? The markets have been really all over the place, you know, sort of up and down depending on the day’s mood. Do you see this period of trade uncertainty that you warned about in the WEO, kind of really affecting and dampening global growth prospects? Thanks.

    KOZACK: Thanks very much. Let me see if anyone else has questions on this broad topic.

    QUESTIONER: Thank you. Yeah, I was just wondering, just to follow on the previous question, how you sort of think about the unpredictability of of these tariffs or the discussions around the tariffs, the uncertainty that that kind of brings up, and potentially how that could affect monetary policy. We’ve seen a lot of analysts talking about how they no longer expect the Fed to cut, or they expect the Fed to cut maybe only once this year. I’m just sort of wondering how you’re kind of in real time or as close to real time as you can, sort of taking on board that unpredictability when you think about the U.S. economy and the impacts for global growth. Thanks.

    KOZACK: Great. And you also had a question.

    QUESTIONER: Yes. Just following up with my colleagues. What sort of study, if any, has the IMF undertaken to better understand the global ramifications of these tariffs? We know they’re on pause for another 30 days or so or less. And what sort of impact would small states that are heavily dependent on the United States feel going forward?

    KOZACK: And let me go online to see if anyone online has a question along these lines.

    QUESTIONER: It is very similar. Just wondering the fact that it’s not just tariffs that have imposed on China, but the threat of tariffs on countries across the EU, Canada, and Mexico, and what effect that has on the global outlook. Thank you.

    KOZACK: Okay. Thank you. Anyone else online want to come in on this topic? Okay. So, what I can say on this issue is we’re following the announcements by the U.S. with respect to tariffs on Chinese goods and potentially Canadian and Mexican goods. We’re following these announcements. We believe that it’s in the interest of all to find a constructive way forward to resolve this issue.

    With respect to the assessment, assessing the full impact of these measures of tariffs, it’s actually going to depend on several factors, and let me lay those out. One of those factors is going to be the responses of the countries concerned. Another factor will be how firms and consumers react. And finally, how the measures evolve over time will also have an impact.

    So, at this stage, that’s what I can share with you. We will, of course, have more information over time and in due course as the situation evolves.

    QUESTIONER: Julie, I’m sorry, I think the question is, like, can you say something about what uncertainty does to the global economy? I mean, you’ve talked about this in WEO’s before, but do you see this as a period of heightened uncertainty now that Trump has taken office? And, you know, what is the impact of that uncertainty on things like investment and all this, you know, the sort of categories of economic indicators that we look at?

    KOZACK: So, I think what I can say is, of course, I would refer you to the WEO for some of those analysis. And again, assessing the full impact of this will include all of the factors that I just laid out. And we would take into account issues related to uncertainty, market reactions, et cetera, in an assessment that we will ultimately undertake as the situation evolves and once we have more information.

    Let me now go online. I see a couple of hands up. So, if you’re online, please go ahead and jump in.

    QUESTIONER: Hi, good morning. Thank you for taking my question. Well, has the letter of intent between the IMF and Argentina been prepared? Or let me ask in a different way. Are the negotiations between Argentina and the IMF already in the final stage?

    KOZACK: Thanks. Other questions on Argentina?

    QUESTIONER: Could you give me any updates on the negotiations of the new agreement and what are the most challenging issues they are facing right now? And also yesterday, Minister Luis Caputo said a new agreement will not imply a devaluation of the peso or the exit of the exchange restrictions the next day. Does the IMF agree with this statement?

    KOZACK: Thanks. Others on Argentina?

    QUESTIONER: Hi, Julie. I was wondering also if you could give some input regarding the meetings that the mission in Buenos Aires had, if they have only been talking to government officials or if they are also contacting unions and other opposition representatives. And also, the new crawling peg of 1 percent has started this February. I was wondering if that was a matter of discussion between the staff and the government.

    KOZACK: Thanks, other questions?

    QUESTIONER: Yes, thank you, Julie. So, my question is also on the crawling peg. So, is the IMF concerned about the greater exchange rate delay generated by this reduction of the crawling peg from 2 percent to 1 percent started the 1st of February?

    KOZACK: Any other questions on Argentina? Okay, I hear two more. Please go ahead.

    QUESTIONER: Hi, Julie, I wanted to know if Argentina has already paid a debt due on February 1st or when is it expected to do so? And if there is a meeting plan between Argentina authorities and the IMF network staff in Washington.

    KOZACK: Thank you. Next.

    QUESTIONER: Good morning. The question is if Argentina and the IMF comes to a new agreement, should it be like we are talking here in Argentina about $5 million? It will be for anything special, for example, to leave what we call cepo, or it depends on the Argentine authorities.

    KOZACK: Any other questions on Argentina? Okay, I do not see anyone coming in.

    So, on Argentina, what I can share is first that, as the Managing Director highlighted after her meeting with President Milei last month, we recognize Argentina’s tremendous progress in reducing inflation, stabilizing the economy, returning to growth, and with poverty finally starting to decline. We continue to engage constructively with the Argentine authorities. And a staff mission did recently visit Buenos Aires to advance discussions on a new program. The new program will aim to build on the gains that have been achieved so far, while also addressing the remaining challenges that the country faces. Constructive and frequent discussions continue, and we will provide further details on next steps when we have them.

    I can also just add that to sustain early gains, there is a shared recognition between the Fund staff and the Argentine authorities about the need to continue to adopt a consistent set of fiscal, monetary, and foreign exchange policies while furthering growth-enhancing reforms. I also know that you have a lot of interest, and there were a lot of detailed questions here, but given that the discussions are continuing and there has been good progress so far, we do want to ensure that there is space for staff and the authorities to continue these constructive discussions. And of course, we will communicate more when we have further details.

    Okay, let us go online because I see a few hands up.

    QUESTIONER: My question is, when do we expect Board of Directors to discuss Egypt Fourth Review?

    KOZACK: Do we have other questions on Egypt?

    QUESTIONER: Hi, I’d like to ask, in addition to that, when the board does discuss Egypt’s Fourth Review, will it also be discussing an additional RSF for Egypt? There have been some reports that Egypt is in line to receive as much as $1 billion.

    KOZACK: Other questions?

    QUESTIONER:  I just wanted to ask, in terms of the assessment of Egypt, but also other countries in the region, to what extent you are calculating additional costs and spending needs that have to do with Gaza and with the potential absorption of Palestinian refugees that has been proposed.

    KOZACK: Okay, any other questions on Egypt? I see I have two questions that have come through the press center, which I will read aloud. So, the first is when will the IMF’s Executive Board complete the Fourth Review of the Extended Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility for Egypt?

    The second question is regarding the Executive Board’s approval of the Fourth Review of Egypt’s program, could it be this month? Does the IMF have updates on your projections for Egypt’s economy in light of regional updates?

    Let me share with you where we are on Egypt. On December 24, the IMF staff and the Egyptian authorities reached a staff-level agreement on the Fourth Review of the EFF. This review is subject to approval of our Executive Board and subject to that approval, Egypt would have access to about $1.2 billion. Preparations for Board consideration are underway, and the Board meeting is expected to take place in the coming weeks.

    In light of the difficult external conditions and challenging domestic environment, the IMF staff and the Egyptian authorities agreed to recalibrate the fiscal consolidation path, and this was agreed in December, I would highlight, to create fiscal space for critical social programs benefiting vulnerable groups and the middle class while ensuring debt sustainability.

    Looking forward, reform priorities comprise lowering inflation, sustaining exchange rate flexibility, and liberalized access to foreign exchange. In addition, the program aims to boost domestic revenues. It aims to improve the business environment. It aims to accelerate disinvestment or divestment rather and leveling [of] the playing field between state-owned enterprises and the private sector. And of course, it also aims to enhance governance and transparency.

    With respect to the question on the RSF, a policy package of reforms will be considered by the Fund’s Executive Board along with the Fourth Review of Egypt’s program.

    And lastly, there is no connection at the moment between some of the announcements in Gaza and the and the Egypt program.

    QUESTIONER: Hi, I wonder if I can just clarify. On the RSF, you say a policy package of reforms that also presumably comes with some additional funding. Can you confirm whether the amount of up to $1 billion is accurate?

    KOZACK: I can’t confirm now the precise amount of the RSF, but of course as we have more information, we will provide that.

    QUESTIONER: Thank you so much.

    KOZACK: Let us go online. I see another hand online and then we will come back. Just one follow up, a follow up. Go ahead.

    QUESTIONER: You cannot confirm the amount of the RSF. So just so we are clear, are you confirming that there are discussions around an RSF? Thanks.

    KOZACK: Yes, there’s discussions on an RSF and the intention is to present the RSF with its package of reforms to our Executive Board at the same time as we present the Fourth Review of the EFF.

    QUESTIONER: Question about Rwanda and Eastern Congo. I wanted to know, I know that the IMF has programs with both Rwanda and the DRC. And I wanted to know, you know, given the M23 incursion, the fall of Goma, how the programs can react to it, if there is anything you can say about that. And also, obviously, in El Salvador, they changed their cryptocurrency law, but it is also reported that they recently bought 50 bitcoins. So, some people are for the kind of national treasury. Some people are confused in terms of what the contours of the limitations put on. And I wonder if you could comment on that. Thanks a lot.

    KOZACK: Okay, thank you. Any other questions on these countries? DRC, Rwanda, El Salvador?

    Okay, let me start with DRC and I want to start by saying that, you know, we are deeply saddened by the loss of lives and the humanitarian crisis in the Eastern part of DRC. We are closely monitoring the situation, including its potential impact on neighboring countries and the region. And of course, we are also closely monitoring with respect to potential impact on our program.

    With respect to Rwanda, what I can say on Rwanda is simply that the country continues to demonstrate a robust commitment to advancing policy reforms. And In December of 2024, our Executive Board concluded the Fourth Review of Rwanda’s programs.

    With respect to El Salvador, just to step back and remind, IMF staff and the Salvadorian authorities reached a staff-level agreement on December 18th for a new arrangement, a new EFF arrangement. The arrangement would be for about $1.4 billion to support the government’s reform agenda, and this agreement is subject to approval by the IMF’s Executive Board.

    I can also add that as explained in the press release that we issued following the staff-level agreement, the new Fund supported program aims to reduce the potential risks of the bitcoin project. Once in place, purchases of bitcoin will be confined under the program as agreed.

    QUESTIONER: Thank you, Julie. Good morning, everyone. A few things. In Zimbabwe, when you expect a deal for the Staff Monitored Program? And on Lebanon, have you had any contact with the new government? Are there any signs that you are going to be able to work with them? Also on Senegal, can you give us any update on the resolution of the suspension of the financing program there? And lastly, are there any concerns of a drop in the commitment of funding from the U.S.? The 2025 project calls for the U.S. to stop putting money into the World Bank and the IMF. So, are you guys concerned about that?

    KOZACK: Okay, thanks. Starting with Zimbabwe, I do not have an update for you for today on Zimbabwe, but we will come back to you bilaterally.

    On Lebanon, what I can share is that, you know, we welcome the election of General Aoun as president of Lebanon, and we look forward to working with him and his new government to address the challenges facing the Lebanese economy. And just to remind, Lebanon continues to face profound economic challenges, and the conflict had exacerbated an already fragile macroeconomic and social situation. The election of the president, the formation of a new government, as well as the ceasefire, are critical to support policy actions and reforms that would allow the gradual return to the normalization of economic activity in Lebanon.

    And what I can share on Senegal is that we are actively engaged in discussions with the authorities on addressing the misreporting case. Senegal’s Court of Auditors is expected to issue its final report this month. In parallel, IMF staff are working closely with the authorities to identify their capacity development needs and to implement corrective measures needed to address the root causes of the misreporting. These efforts are aimed at enhancing transparency, strengthening accountability, and preventing a recurrence of similar misreporting in the future.

    And I think, on your final question, all I can say here is that the United States is the IMF’s largest shareholder, and it plays an extremely valuable role in helping ensure global financial stability. We have a long history of working with successive U.S. administrations, and we look forward to continuing to do so.

    QUESTIONER: Thanks, Julie. Thank you for taking my question. When do you think we can expect the Executive Board’s approval on the next tranche for the Island Nation? And if there is any delay, what sort of reason is there? Is there more for the government to do? And secondly, the budget for the country is expected in a few weeks. Has the IMF given any input on preparing this budget, given the fact that the country is still in the EFF program?

    KOZACK: Thanks. So, your question was on Sri Lanka? And yes, I see you nodding. So, if anyone else has questions on Sri Lanka, I can take them now. Okay. If not, let me go ahead with Sri Lanka.

    So, on Sri Lanka on November 23rd, IMF staff and the Sri Lankan authorities reached a staff-level agreement on the Third Review of Sri Lanka’s EFF program. Once approved by the IMF’s Executive Board, Sri Lanka will have access to about $333 million in financing. And we expect the Board meeting to take place in the coming weeks.

    Here, I would also just like to take the opportunity to emphasize that Sri Lanka’s ambitious reform agenda is delivering commendable outcomes. The economy expanded by 5.5 percent in the fourth — third quarter of 2024. Average headline and core inflation remain contained well below the target during the fourth quarter of 2024. And international reserves increased to $6.1 billion at the end of 2024.

    With respect to the specific question on the budget, what I can share is that the staff-level agreement that I mentioned, which was reached in November, will be presented to the Executive Board or is subject to Executive Board approval, but it’s also contingent upon, among other things, implementation by the authorities of prior actions, including submission of the 2025 budget that is consistent with parameters identified under the program.

    QUESTIONER: Most of the questions we had have been touched upon, and I would just reinforce as well what colleagues had said earlier about trying to get a sense of what all this uncertainty around tariffs will mean. I know there is a tendency to talk about the policies once they are implemented and the impact. But given the fact that policies get announced and withdrawn and swung around, it seems like the uncertainty has more of the impact than the actual policy. But all that seems to be covered. I will get to — actually, the only outstanding question we have now is if you could update us on the status of the Mozambique program and if there is a risk to that program’s existence right now, given what is going on. That is for our Africa colleagues. Everything else was covered. Thank you so much. I appreciate it.

    1. KOZACK: Thank you very much. So, on Mozambique, what I can share is that the Article IV Consultation and the Fourth Review of the Extended Credit Facility, or ECF, were completed back in July of 2024. An IMF team will visit Maputo in the coming weeks to engage with the new government. We do remain engaged to support the country’s efforts toward remaining macroeconomic stability, accelerating growth and making growth more inclusive, in line with the arrangements. But given that there is a mission in the coming weeks, we will have more to report toward the end of that engagement.

    QUESTIONER: Julie, regarding Russia, are there any developments concerning the postponed mission to Russia to evaluate progress in economy that was stopped in September due to necessity to gather additional information and make additional analysis. Anything we should expect this year, probably? Thank you.

    KOZACK: Unfortunately, I don’t yet have an update for you or a timeline for the Article IV.

    QUESTIONER: One final question. Thank you. Sorry, Julie, I’m going to try again with a sort of a similar question. But, you know, we are seeing a fundamental shift in the global and potentially in the support that is available for developing countries. The United States has ended foreign assistance. It has frozen funding for the World Food Program. It is pulling out of and talking about pulling out of the World Health Organization. These are institutions that are part, writ large, of the Bretton Woods system in which the IMF is such a key player.

    So, I do not think it’s unfair of us to be asking for some guidance from you about how you at an institution like the IMF are approaching this period of time that is marked by uncertainty, not just for the markets or for global trade, but also for the institutions themselves. And, you know, we have seen some initial reports that Elon Musk’s DOGE employees or people who work with DOGE are starting to look at the World Bank and other institutions.

    And I, you know, so I guess we want to hear something from you that is a little bit broader about the time that we’re in and what it means, because it obviously has implications for other countries, too, if they’re going to fill the gap in the developing thing. And, you know, you have been warning for years that the developing economies face a kind of perfect storm of different difficult circumstances. This seems like it adds to, to it. Thanks.

    KOZACK: Thanks very much. Look, what I can say now is really what I’ve been saying. I really do not have much to add other than that we are a global institution. We have a clearly defined mandate to support economic and financial stability globally and just ultimately support growth and employment in the world economy. We are continuing as an institution to remain laser-focused, of course, on that mandate. And we, as a global institution, take our responsibility to serve our membership very, very seriously. And we will continue to do everything that we need to do to serve our membership in the best possible way. You know, we do, as I said, have a long history of working with successive U.S. administrations, and we look forward to continuing to do so as an institution for which the U.S. is our largest shareholder.

    And with this, I’m going to bring this press briefing to an end. Thank you all for your participation today. As a reminder, this briefing is embargoed until 11:00 a.m. Eastern Time today. A transcript will be made available later on IMF.org, and as usual, in case of clarifications, additional queries, or anything else, please reach out to my colleagues at media@mf.org.

    This does conclude our first press briefing of the year. I wish everyone a wonderful day and I do look forward to seeing you next time. Thank you all so much for joining, and please be safe given the weather outside here in D.C. Thank you, everyone.

    * * * * *

    IMF Communications Department
    MEDIA RELATIONS

    PRESS OFFICER:

    Phone: +1 202 623-7100Email: MEDIA@IMF.org

    MIL OSI Economics –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: IMF Press Briefing Transcript – Julie Kozack

    Source: IMF – News in Russian

    February 6, 2025

    INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND PRESS BRIEFING

    Washington, D.C. Thursday, February 6, 2025

    P R O C E E D I N G S

    1. KOZACK: Good morning, everyone. It’s great to see you all, here in person and online. Welcome to the first IMF press briefing for 2025. I’m Julie Kozak, Director of the Communication Department. As usual, this briefing is embargoed until 11:00 a.m. U.S. Eastern Time. I’ll start with a few announcements and then I’ll move to take your questions in person, on WebEx, and via the Press Center.

       First, Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva will travel to Ethiopia, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia. The Managing Director will visit Ethiopia on February 8th and 9th to meet Prime Minister Abiy and his team, and this visit will take stock of the economic reforms and progress that is being made by the country. She will also meet with stakeholders, including representatives of the private sector.

    The Managing Director will also travel to the United Arab Emirates to participate in the Arab Fiscal Forum on February 10th and the World Government Summit on February 11th where she will deliver keynote remarks. On February 16th and 17th, the Managing Director will participate in a two-day conference in Saudi Arabia on building resilience of emerging market economies. The conference is co-organized by the IMF and the Saudi Finance Ministry.

    The First Deputy Managing Director Gita Gopinath will travel to Japan to join the Article IV mission. She will participate in meetings with the authorities and hold a press conference on February 7th at 10:30 a.m. Tokyo time.

    Finally, Deputy Managing Director Okamura will travel to Japan to participate in a jointly organized IMF-JICA conference on Economic and Fiscal Policy Challenges and Prospects for Asia. And this is scheduled for February 12 and 13.

    And with that I will now open the floor for your questions. For those connecting virtually, please do turn on both your camera and the microphone when speaking. Let’s get started.

    QUESTIONER: Hi,I was just wondering, you mentioned Ethiopia. How concerned are you about sort of countries with large IMF programs which also receive a substantial amount of support from USAID, considering the recent executive order, countries like Ethiopia and Ukraine, for example. Thanks.

    KOZACK: Thanks very much. So with respect to your question, you know we are closely following the announcements and developments regarding USAID. At this stage it’s too early to gauge the precise impact on the countries that it supports. We’ll wait for clarity on the next steps, including any changes to the scope of the work of USAID.

    QUESTIONER: So, the IMF mission is going to start working in Ukraine this month. Could you specify please what main issues will the Fund plan to focus on during the Seventh Review of the EFF program. And the second question is about the pension reform in Ukraine. Ukrainian government committed to starting this reform this year. Could you elaborate on what key changes the IMF expects from Ukraine on this area? Thank you.

    KOZACK: Are there any other questions on Ukraine?

    QUESTIONER: So, according to latest information, the review of the EFF is scheduled to begin this month. When the decision on the disbursement is going to be made and what amount of funds are going to be provided with this fund? And the follow-up, how much money is left in the EFF according to the current situation? Are there any plans to expand this program? Thank you.

    QUESTIONER: Just to follow up on the question about Ethiopia. Obviously, the USAID cuts also affect Ukraine pretty significantly. And I wonder, you know, both in those cases and in all cases involving USAID funding, whether you are working with the US ED here and sort of sending a message about the impact. So, whether you’ve kind of figured it out across the enterprise and across all the countries that the IMF works with as well. Thanks.

    KOZACK: Anything else on Ukraine online? Okay. So, on Ukraine, just to remind everyone of the context. So, on December 20th, the IMF’s Executive Board approved the Sixth Review of the EFF program. That enabled the disbursement of $1.1 billion and that brought total disbursements under the program to $9.8 billion. And the total size of the program, I believe, was $15.6 billion. So, the difference between those two is what would be remaining. At that time, the Board assessed that program performance remained strong. The authorities had met all of the benchmarks and prior actions for the review.

    With respect to the next mission, the technical work for the upcoming review is underway. The mission dates are in the process of being finalized, and once we have them, we’ll be sure to communicate that. During this upcoming mission, the IMF staff will engage with the authorities on fiscal policy, including progress on revenue mobilization, monetary policies for 2025, and also progress in ensuring that debt sustainability and fiscal sustainability are restored. Staff will also be reviewing governance reforms, which remain a key pillar for the program. Based on the approved calendar of disbursements, subject to completion of the next review and, of course, subject to Board approval, Ukraine would have access to about $900 million for that next review.

    With respect to pension reform, the government has committed to launch pension reforms this year in 2025, and they would be spearheaded by the Ministry of Social Policy. And those reforms are supported by external partners, notably the World Bank. What I can also add is that the authorities are in the process of developing a comprehensive set of proposals for pension reforms, but it’s too early to tell exactly what will be included in those proposals and what the changes may be.

    And on the second question, I don’t really have much to add to what I already said, other than obviously we’re paying close attention and we’re awaiting further details.

    QUESTIONER: Hi, good morning. Thank you for taking my question. Just on Syria, can you give us an update if the IMF has made any contact with the new government and if there are any plans to provide a loan package to the country? Thank you.

    KOZACK: We’re closely monitoring, obviously, the situation in Syria, and we stand ready to support the international community’s efforts to assist Syria’s reconstruction as needed and when conditions allow. With respect to our engagement, we have not had a meaningful engagement with Syria since 2009, which was the time of the last Article IV Consultation, and this has been due to the difficult security situation in the country.

    QUESTIONER: I have two questions, and they’re Caribbean-related questions. Can you provide a breakdown of the growth projections for the Caribbean region, more specifically, focusing on St. Kitts and Nevis, and what factors are driving the projected growth or decline outlook for the region, more specifically, the Caribbean region?

    KOZACK: Okay. All right, let me step back and give a little bit of an overview of where we stand, what our view is on the Caribbean. So, following the rapid recovery after the Pandemic, real GDP growth in the region has normalized in recent years. Average GDP growth for the region, and this is excluding Guyana and Haiti, is estimated at 2.2 percent for 2023, 2.4 percent for 2024. And growth, our projection is for growth to remain relatively stable at 2.4 percent in 2025.

    Broadly speaking, there are sort of two groups of countries in the Caribbean. So, we look at tourism-dependent economies, and there we see that growth in tourism economies has slowed as tourism arrivals have returned to pre-Pandemic levels. And then for commodity-exporting countries, they have faced challenges in the energy sector but have overall benefited from robust performance in their non-energy sector, and that has been driven by supportive and economic policies.

    I can also add that inflation in most Caribbean countries has moderated significantly over the past few years, and the decline was due to lower global commodity prices and easing of supply chain disruptions. And we expect inflation to remain moderate in the years to come.

    QUESTIONER: My question is on the comment by Managing Director Georgieva in Davos. MD mentioned in Davos clearly that more cooperation in the regional levels might be needed in the future in such a fragmented world and IMF would support such a movement. And could you give me some more detailed plans?

    KOZACK: Thanks very much for the question. What the Managing Director noted in Davos is that we are seeing shifting patterns in global cooperation, in trade, and in other areas, including financial and capital flows. And of course, as a global institution, what will be important for us is as we engage with our membership, right, to take all of this into account to ensure that we can give our members the best policy advice within our mandate of economic and financial stability.

    QUESTIONER: Thanks so much, Julie. I wanted to ask you very broadly about the changes that are happening in the United States and the tariffs that President Trump has announced. Now the implementation of the tariffs on Canada and Mexico has been delayed to March 1st. And, you know, it’s not clear what will happen there exactly. But one of the, you know, the tariffs on China have stayed in place. China has now announced tariffs that will kick in on February 10th. The IMF has warned repeatedly against rising protectionism and also kind of cataloged the thousands of trade restrictions that have been put in place and growing over time since COVID. Can you just walk us through what your perception is right now? The markets have been really all over the place, you know, sort of up and down depending on the day’s mood. Do you see this period of trade uncertainty that you warned about in the WEO, kind of really affecting and dampening global growth prospects? Thanks.

    KOZACK: Thanks very much. Let me see if anyone else has questions on this broad topic.

    QUESTIONER: Thank you. Yeah, I was just wondering, just to follow on the previous question, how you sort of think about the unpredictability of of these tariffs or the discussions around the tariffs, the uncertainty that that kind of brings up, and potentially how that could affect monetary policy. We’ve seen a lot of analysts talking about how they no longer expect the Fed to cut, or they expect the Fed to cut maybe only once this year. I’m just sort of wondering how you’re kind of in real time or as close to real time as you can, sort of taking on board that unpredictability when you think about the U.S. economy and the impacts for global growth. Thanks.

    KOZACK: Great. And you also had a question.

    QUESTIONER: Yes. Just following up with my colleagues. What sort of study, if any, has the IMF undertaken to better understand the global ramifications of these tariffs? We know they’re on pause for another 30 days or so or less. And what sort of impact would small states that are heavily dependent on the United States feel going forward?

    KOZACK: And let me go online to see if anyone online has a question along these lines.

    QUESTIONER: It is very similar. Just wondering the fact that it’s not just tariffs that have imposed on China, but the threat of tariffs on countries across the EU, Canada, and Mexico, and what effect that has on the global outlook. Thank you.

    KOZACK: Okay. Thank you. Anyone else online want to come in on this topic? Okay. So, what I can say on this issue is we’re following the announcements by the U.S. with respect to tariffs on Chinese goods and potentially Canadian and Mexican goods. We’re following these announcements. We believe that it’s in the interest of all to find a constructive way forward to resolve this issue.

    With respect to the assessment, assessing the full impact of these measures of tariffs, it’s actually going to depend on several factors, and let me lay those out. One of those factors is going to be the responses of the countries concerned. Another factor will be how firms and consumers react. And finally, how the measures evolve over time will also have an impact.

    So, at this stage, that’s what I can share with you. We will, of course, have more information over time and in due course as the situation evolves.

    QUESTIONER: Julie, I’m sorry, I think the question is, like, can you say something about what uncertainty does to the global economy? I mean, you’ve talked about this in WEO’s before, but do you see this as a period of heightened uncertainty now that Trump has taken office? And, you know, what is the impact of that uncertainty on things like investment and all this, you know, the sort of categories of economic indicators that we look at?

    KOZACK: So, I think what I can say is, of course, I would refer you to the WEO for some of those analysis. And again, assessing the full impact of this will include all of the factors that I just laid out. And we would take into account issues related to uncertainty, market reactions, et cetera, in an assessment that we will ultimately undertake as the situation evolves and once we have more information.

    Let me now go online. I see a couple of hands up. So, if you’re online, please go ahead and jump in.

    QUESTIONER: Hi, good morning. Thank you for taking my question. Well, has the letter of intent between the IMF and Argentina been prepared? Or let me ask in a different way. Are the negotiations between Argentina and the IMF already in the final stage?

    KOZACK: Thanks. Other questions on Argentina?

    QUESTIONER: Could you give me any updates on the negotiations of the new agreement and what are the most challenging issues they are facing right now? And also yesterday, Minister Luis Caputo said a new agreement will not imply a devaluation of the peso or the exit of the exchange restrictions the next day. Does the IMF agree with this statement?

    KOZACK: Thanks. Others on Argentina?

    QUESTIONER: Hi, Julie. I was wondering also if you could give some input regarding the meetings that the mission in Buenos Aires had, if they have only been talking to government officials or if they are also contacting unions and other opposition representatives. And also, the new crawling peg of 1 percent has started this February. I was wondering if that was a matter of discussion between the staff and the government.

    KOZACK: Thanks, other questions?

    QUESTIONER: Yes, thank you, Julie. So, my question is also on the crawling peg. So, is the IMF concerned about the greater exchange rate delay generated by this reduction of the crawling peg from 2 percent to 1 percent started the 1st of February?

    KOZACK: Any other questions on Argentina? Okay, I hear two more. Please go ahead.

    QUESTIONER: Hi, Julie, I wanted to know if Argentina has already paid a debt due on February 1st or when is it expected to do so? And if there is a meeting plan between Argentina authorities and the IMF network staff in Washington.

    KOZACK: Thank you. Next.

    QUESTIONER: Good morning. The question is if Argentina and the IMF comes to a new agreement, should it be like we are talking here in Argentina about $5 million? It will be for anything special, for example, to leave what we call cepo, or it depends on the Argentine authorities.

    KOZACK: Any other questions on Argentina? Okay, I do not see anyone coming in.

    So, on Argentina, what I can share is first that, as the Managing Director highlighted after her meeting with President Milei last month, we recognize Argentina’s tremendous progress in reducing inflation, stabilizing the economy, returning to growth, and with poverty finally starting to decline. We continue to engage constructively with the Argentine authorities. And a staff mission did recently visit Buenos Aires to advance discussions on a new program. The new program will aim to build on the gains that have been achieved so far, while also addressing the remaining challenges that the country faces. Constructive and frequent discussions continue, and we will provide further details on next steps when we have them.

    I can also just add that to sustain early gains, there is a shared recognition between the Fund staff and the Argentine authorities about the need to continue to adopt a consistent set of fiscal, monetary, and foreign exchange policies while furthering growth-enhancing reforms. I also know that you have a lot of interest, and there were a lot of detailed questions here, but given that the discussions are continuing and there has been good progress so far, we do want to ensure that there is space for staff and the authorities to continue these constructive discussions. And of course, we will communicate more when we have further details.

    Okay, let us go online because I see a few hands up.

    QUESTIONER: My question is, when do we expect Board of Directors to discuss Egypt Fourth Review?

    KOZACK: Do we have other questions on Egypt?

    QUESTIONER: Hi, I’d like to ask, in addition to that, when the board does discuss Egypt’s Fourth Review, will it also be discussing an additional RSF for Egypt? There have been some reports that Egypt is in line to receive as much as $1 billion.

    KOZACK: Other questions?

    QUESTIONER:  I just wanted to ask, in terms of the assessment of Egypt, but also other countries in the region, to what extent you are calculating additional costs and spending needs that have to do with Gaza and with the potential absorption of Palestinian refugees that has been proposed.

    KOZACK: Okay, any other questions on Egypt? I see I have two questions that have come through the press center, which I will read aloud. So, the first is when will the IMF’s Executive Board complete the Fourth Review of the Extended Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility for Egypt?

    The second question is regarding the Executive Board’s approval of the Fourth Review of Egypt’s program, could it be this month? Does the IMF have updates on your projections for Egypt’s economy in light of regional updates?

    Let me share with you where we are on Egypt. On December 24, the IMF staff and the Egyptian authorities reached a staff-level agreement on the Fourth Review of the EFF. This review is subject to approval of our Executive Board and subject to that approval, Egypt would have access to about $1.2 billion. Preparations for Board consideration are underway, and the Board meeting is expected to take place in the coming weeks.

    In light of the difficult external conditions and challenging domestic environment, the IMF staff and the Egyptian authorities agreed to recalibrate the fiscal consolidation path, and this was agreed in December, I would highlight, to create fiscal space for critical social programs benefiting vulnerable groups and the middle class while ensuring debt sustainability.

    Looking forward, reform priorities comprise lowering inflation, sustaining exchange rate flexibility, and liberalized access to foreign exchange. In addition, the program aims to boost domestic revenues. It aims to improve the business environment. It aims to accelerate disinvestment or divestment rather and leveling [of] the playing field between state-owned enterprises and the private sector. And of course, it also aims to enhance governance and transparency.

    With respect to the question on the RSF, a policy package of reforms will be considered by the Fund’s Executive Board along with the Fourth Review of Egypt’s program.

    And lastly, there is no connection at the moment between some of the announcements in Gaza and the and the Egypt program.

    QUESTIONER: Hi, I wonder if I can just clarify. On the RSF, you say a policy package of reforms that also presumably comes with some additional funding. Can you confirm whether the amount of up to $1 billion is accurate?

    KOZACK: I can’t confirm now the precise amount of the RSF, but of course as we have more information, we will provide that.

    QUESTIONER: Thank you so much.

    KOZACK: Let us go online. I see another hand online and then we will come back. Just one follow up, a follow up. Go ahead.

    QUESTIONER: You cannot confirm the amount of the RSF. So just so we are clear, are you confirming that there are discussions around an RSF? Thanks.

    KOZACK: Yes, there’s discussions on an RSF and the intention is to present the RSF with its package of reforms to our Executive Board at the same time as we present the Fourth Review of the EFF.

    QUESTIONER: Question about Rwanda and Eastern Congo. I wanted to know, I know that the IMF has programs with both Rwanda and the DRC. And I wanted to know, you know, given the M23 incursion, the fall of Goma, how the programs can react to it, if there is anything you can say about that. And also, obviously, in El Salvador, they changed their cryptocurrency law, but it is also reported that they recently bought 50 bitcoins. So, some people are for the kind of national treasury. Some people are confused in terms of what the contours of the limitations put on. And I wonder if you could comment on that. Thanks a lot.

    KOZACK: Okay, thank you. Any other questions on these countries? DRC, Rwanda, El Salvador?

    Okay, let me start with DRC and I want to start by saying that, you know, we are deeply saddened by the loss of lives and the humanitarian crisis in the Eastern part of DRC. We are closely monitoring the situation, including its potential impact on neighboring countries and the region. And of course, we are also closely monitoring with respect to potential impact on our program.

    With respect to Rwanda, what I can say on Rwanda is simply that the country continues to demonstrate a robust commitment to advancing policy reforms. And In December of 2024, our Executive Board concluded the Fourth Review of Rwanda’s programs.

    With respect to El Salvador, just to step back and remind, IMF staff and the Salvadorian authorities reached a staff-level agreement on December 18th for a new arrangement, a new EFF arrangement. The arrangement would be for about $1.4 billion to support the government’s reform agenda, and this agreement is subject to approval by the IMF’s Executive Board.

    I can also add that as explained in the press release that we issued following the staff-level agreement, the new Fund supported program aims to reduce the potential risks of the bitcoin project. Once in place, purchases of bitcoin will be confined under the program as agreed.

    QUESTIONER: Thank you, Julie. Good morning, everyone. A few things. In Zimbabwe, when you expect a deal for the Staff Monitored Program? And on Lebanon, have you had any contact with the new government? Are there any signs that you are going to be able to work with them? Also on Senegal, can you give us any update on the resolution of the suspension of the financing program there? And lastly, are there any concerns of a drop in the commitment of funding from the U.S.? The 2025 project calls for the U.S. to stop putting money into the World Bank and the IMF. So, are you guys concerned about that?

    KOZACK: Okay, thanks. Starting with Zimbabwe, I do not have an update for you for today on Zimbabwe, but we will come back to you bilaterally.

    On Lebanon, what I can share is that, you know, we welcome the election of General Aoun as president of Lebanon, and we look forward to working with him and his new government to address the challenges facing the Lebanese economy. And just to remind, Lebanon continues to face profound economic challenges, and the conflict had exacerbated an already fragile macroeconomic and social situation. The election of the president, the formation of a new government, as well as the ceasefire, are critical to support policy actions and reforms that would allow the gradual return to the normalization of economic activity in Lebanon.

    And what I can share on Senegal is that we are actively engaged in discussions with the authorities on addressing the misreporting case. Senegal’s Court of Auditors is expected to issue its final report this month. In parallel, IMF staff are working closely with the authorities to identify their capacity development needs and to implement corrective measures needed to address the root causes of the misreporting. These efforts are aimed at enhancing transparency, strengthening accountability, and preventing a recurrence of similar misreporting in the future.

    And I think, on your final question, all I can say here is that the United States is the IMF’s largest shareholder, and it plays an extremely valuable role in helping ensure global financial stability. We have a long history of working with successive U.S. administrations, and we look forward to continuing to do so.

    QUESTIONER: Thanks, Julie. Thank you for taking my question. When do you think we can expect the Executive Board’s approval on the next tranche for the Island Nation? And if there is any delay, what sort of reason is there? Is there more for the government to do? And secondly, the budget for the country is expected in a few weeks. Has the IMF given any input on preparing this budget, given the fact that the country is still in the EFF program?

    KOZACK: Thanks. So, your question was on Sri Lanka? And yes, I see you nodding. So, if anyone else has questions on Sri Lanka, I can take them now. Okay. If not, let me go ahead with Sri Lanka.

    So, on Sri Lanka on November 23rd, IMF staff and the Sri Lankan authorities reached a staff-level agreement on the Third Review of Sri Lanka’s EFF program. Once approved by the IMF’s Executive Board, Sri Lanka will have access to about $333 million in financing. And we expect the Board meeting to take place in the coming weeks.

    Here, I would also just like to take the opportunity to emphasize that Sri Lanka’s ambitious reform agenda is delivering commendable outcomes. The economy expanded by 5.5 percent in the fourth — third quarter of 2024. Average headline and core inflation remain contained well below the target during the fourth quarter of 2024. And international reserves increased to $6.1 billion at the end of 2024.

    With respect to the specific question on the budget, what I can share is that the staff-level agreement that I mentioned, which was reached in November, will be presented to the Executive Board or is subject to Executive Board approval, but it’s also contingent upon, among other things, implementation by the authorities of prior actions, including submission of the 2025 budget that is consistent with parameters identified under the program.

    QUESTIONER: Most of the questions we had have been touched upon, and I would just reinforce as well what colleagues had said earlier about trying to get a sense of what all this uncertainty around tariffs will mean. I know there is a tendency to talk about the policies once they are implemented and the impact. But given the fact that policies get announced and withdrawn and swung around, it seems like the uncertainty has more of the impact than the actual policy. But all that seems to be covered. I will get to — actually, the only outstanding question we have now is if you could update us on the status of the Mozambique program and if there is a risk to that program’s existence right now, given what is going on. That is for our Africa colleagues. Everything else was covered. Thank you so much. I appreciate it.

    1. KOZACK: Thank you very much. So, on Mozambique, what I can share is that the Article IV Consultation and the Fourth Review of the Extended Credit Facility, or ECF, were completed back in July of 2024. An IMF team will visit Maputo in the coming weeks to engage with the new government. We do remain engaged to support the country’s efforts toward remaining macroeconomic stability, accelerating growth and making growth more inclusive, in line with the arrangements. But given that there is a mission in the coming weeks, we will have more to report toward the end of that engagement.

    QUESTIONER: Julie, regarding Russia, are there any developments concerning the postponed mission to Russia to evaluate progress in economy that was stopped in September due to necessity to gather additional information and make additional analysis. Anything we should expect this year, probably? Thank you.

    KOZACK: Unfortunately, I don’t yet have an update for you or a timeline for the Article IV.

    QUESTIONER: One final question. Thank you. Sorry, Julie, I’m going to try again with a sort of a similar question. But, you know, we are seeing a fundamental shift in the global and potentially in the support that is available for developing countries. The United States has ended foreign assistance. It has frozen funding for the World Food Program. It is pulling out of and talking about pulling out of the World Health Organization. These are institutions that are part, writ large, of the Bretton Woods system in which the IMF is such a key player.

    So, I do not think it’s unfair of us to be asking for some guidance from you about how you at an institution like the IMF are approaching this period of time that is marked by uncertainty, not just for the markets or for global trade, but also for the institutions themselves. And, you know, we have seen some initial reports that Elon Musk’s DOGE employees or people who work with DOGE are starting to look at the World Bank and other institutions.

    And I, you know, so I guess we want to hear something from you that is a little bit broader about the time that we’re in and what it means, because it obviously has implications for other countries, too, if they’re going to fill the gap in the developing thing. And, you know, you have been warning for years that the developing economies face a kind of perfect storm of different difficult circumstances. This seems like it adds to, to it. Thanks.

    KOZACK: Thanks very much. Look, what I can say now is really what I’ve been saying. I really do not have much to add other than that we are a global institution. We have a clearly defined mandate to support economic and financial stability globally and just ultimately support growth and employment in the world economy. We are continuing as an institution to remain laser-focused, of course, on that mandate. And we, as a global institution, take our responsibility to serve our membership very, very seriously. And we will continue to do everything that we need to do to serve our membership in the best possible way. You know, we do, as I said, have a long history of working with successive U.S. administrations, and we look forward to continuing to do so as an institution for which the U.S. is our largest shareholder.

    And with this, I’m going to bring this press briefing to an end. Thank you all for your participation today. As a reminder, this briefing is embargoed until 11:00 a.m. Eastern Time today. A transcript will be made available later on IMF.org, and as usual, in case of clarifications, additional queries, or anything else, please reach out to my colleagues at media@mf.org.

    This does conclude our first press briefing of the year. I wish everyone a wonderful day and I do look forward to seeing you next time. Thank you all so much for joining, and please be safe given the weather outside here in D.C. Thank you, everyone.

    * * * * *

    IMF Communications Department
    MEDIA RELATIONS

    PRESS OFFICER:

    Phone: +1 202 623-7100Email: MEDIA@IMF.org

    https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2025/02/06/020625-tr-imf-press-briefing-julie-kozack

    MIL OSI

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: Speakers Call for Culture of Collaboration, Renewed Solidarity to Achieve Sustainable Development, as Economic and Social Council Begins Coordination Segment

    Source: United Nations General Assembly and Security Council

    Note: Full coverage of today’s meetings of the Economic and Social Council will be available Friday, 7 February.

    The United Nations must celebrate its many successes as much as it acknowledges its failures, the Economic and Social Council heard today as speakers at its 2025 Coordination Segment called for a culture of collaboration and renewed solidarity.

    This year, the two-day Segment, which includes panel discussions and interactive dialogues, will focus on the theme of “Advancing sustainable, inclusive, science- and evidence-based solutions for the 2030 Agenda and its SDGs for leaving no one behind.” 

    The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent the “common sense of humanity”, and people around the world care about them, Bob Rae (Canada), President of the 54-member Council, said in his opening remarks.  Stressing the need to build on previous successes, he hailed the many partnerships between Member States and various multilateral institutions, such as the Spotlight Initiative, which has protected over 21 million girls and women from gender-based violence; the Global Ghost Gear Initiative, which engages over 130 stakeholders to tackle abandoned fishing gear to reduce marine pollution; and the Infrastructure for Resilient Island States initiative, which aims to strengthen resilience against climate and disaster risks. 

    The people who created the Organization were living with war, depression, tariff wars, economic protectionism and poverty, he added.  The vision of the United Nations was not only political but also economic and social.  Commitment to a multilateral organization like the UN — whose budget in 2024 was $75 billion — does not take away a State’s freedom; rather, it broadens the sovereignty of each country, he stressed. 

    “The stakes could not be higher,” said Guy Ryder, United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Policy, who noted that only 17 per cent of the Goals are on course, while many critical targets are regressing.  Meanwhile, conflicts are intensifying, inequalities are widening, the climate crisis is escalating, and unregulated technology continues to disrupt societies. The international community must unlock the scale and quality of financing needed to drive investments, alleviate the debt burden that stifles many countries, and protect economies from the external shocks, he stressed.  The Pact for the Future provides a blueprint for this, he said, adding that reform of the international financial architecture is crucial to fulfil the promise of the SDGs.

    Also addressing the Segment was Anatolio Ndong Mba (Equatorial Guinea), Council Vice-President, who said:  “The United Nations cannot do more than what we allow it to do.”  Progress on the SDGs has stagnated, or even reversed course, with only 17 per cent of assessed targets on track for achievement by 2030. “We cannot afford to let this trend continue,” he said, calling on the international community to “bridge divides, mobilize resources and implement transformative solutions”.  Highlighting the role of the Economic and Social Council and its many subsidiary bodies, he noted that the Segment has the valuable role of leveraging their insights. 

    Conversation with Regional Commissions, Functional Commissions and Expert Bodies

    Following opening remarks, the Council held a conversation with the Executive Secretaries of the regional commissions and Chairs of functional commissions and expert bodies, which focused on “Accelerating the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals, including by leveraging the outcomes of the Summit of the Future”.

    …

    MIL OSI United Nations News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Three New Locations Selected for $200M ON-RAMP Program

    Source: US State of New York

    Governor Kathy Hochul today announced that the Capital Region, Finger Lakes and Mohawk Valley have been selected to advance to the planning stage of the $200 million One Network for Regional Advanced Manufacturing Partnerships (ON-RAMP) program. The regions join Central New York, in which Syracuse was established as the program’s flagship location, and will create a network of high-impact workforce development centers to connect New Yorkers with careers in dynamic, high-growth advanced manufacturing industries. These workforce centers will equip New Yorkers with the skills they need and create an “on-ramp” to training, internships, apprenticeships and permanent employment and capitalize on the State’s success in attracting and expanding advanced manufacturing companies such as Micron and GlobalFoundries.

    “Too many communities in Upstate New York have been left out and left behind for generations – and I’m fighting to bring them back,” Governor Hochul said. “These new ON-RAMP centers will be critical parts of the new I-90 advanced manufacturing corridor, giving New Yorkers the skills and training necessary for a good-paying job. New Yorkers are already seeing the benefits of our economic development strategy: good-paying jobs, revitalized communities and more money in their pockets.”

    First proposed in Governor Hochul’s 2024 State of the State, ON-RAMP, which is managed by Empire State Development, was included in the FY25 Enacted Budget with the goal of establishing four new advanced manufacturing workforce development centers. The three regions announced today will receive up to $300,000 in planning grants to develop detailed road maps to establish the new ON-RAMP centers. Upon completion of a business plan, each center will receive up to $40 million in implementation funding.

    Training provided through ON-RAMP will be based on the highly successful model developed by the Northland Workforce Development Training Center located in Buffalo. Northland employs a model that is designed to reduce all the major barriers that prohibit students from enrolling and completing post secondary education such as transportation, childcare, academic readiness and affordability. These three centers will combine industry, academia, social services, organized labor and community organizations to provide high quality, in-demand training and the wraparound support necessary to remove these common barriers and empower more New Yorkers with the skills needed for careers in high growth advanced manufacturing industries. Each designee will spend the coming months in a planning phase where they will undertake a comprehensive community and stakeholder engagement process to develop a detailed blueprint for each center.

    Capital Region

    The Center for Economic Growth (CEG) will lead the Capital Region’s ON-RAMP center, with a proposed primary location offering technical training, non-technical foundational and soft skills and critical wraparound services. CEG will lead the regional consortium of industry partners, including GlobalFoundries, Plug Power, General Electric, NSH USA, P1 Industries and Regeneron, plus local trades and workforce training providers. Regional manufacturing employment is at a 22-year high, driven by semiconductor, energy and biotech industry growth, and several major pending construction projects will require a skilled trades pipeline. The Capital Region proposal recommends the adaptive reuse of a now-vacant building on former College of Saint Rose campus, which serves as a centralized location among Albany neighborhoods and provides direct CDTA Bus Rapid Transit access.

    Finger Lakes

    Monroe Community College will lead the Finger Lakes ON-RAMP center in partnership with RochesterWorks. The proposed center includes a flagship location at the Finger Lakes Workforce Development Center located on Monroe Community College’s downtown Rochester campus. The center will train future employees in advanced manufacturing, semiconductor development and manufacturing, robotics, electronics, smart technologies, associated skilled trades, clean energy manufacturing and other high-demand skills to support regional employers. Potential consortium partners include major employers like Plug Power, Optimax, Akoustis, Coach, G.W. Lisk, BMP, ARP, Edwards Vacuum, Barilla America and Bausch & Lomb, along with local training and service providers. The consortium will leverage partnerships among Monroe Community College, Finger Lakes Community College, Genesee Community College and regional Workforce Development Boards to create an integrated training network.

    Mohawk Valley

    Mohawk Valley Community College will lead this regional ON-RAMP center by redeveloping the soon to be vacant Science and Technology building at MVCC’s Utica campus. The new facility is strategically located near major employers Danfoss, Indium and Wolfspeed, across the street from the city’s high school and directly adjacent to a high-diversity neighborhood. The center will offer training for in-demand skills on low-cost, no-cost, and work-and-learn models; retention strategies to engage marginalized and underserved populations and support completion; and employer integration to facilitate direct job placement. MVCC will lead a consortium of six core organizations with a proven track record of workforce innovation. MVCC’s Free Fast Track program and MACNY’s Real-Life Rosies and Advanced 2 Apprenticeship Programs, both successful direct placement programs, will be housed at the ON-RAMP center and provide additional capacity for these programs to increase enrollment.

    These new ON-RAMP centers will be critical parts of the new I-90 advanced manufacturing corridor, giving New Yorkers the skills and training necessary for a good-paying job.

    Governor Kathy Hochul

    Empire State Development President, CEO and Commissioner Hope Knight said, “By adding centers in the Capital Region, Mohawk Valley and Finger Lakes to connect with Central New York, the ON-RAMP network will connect New Yorkers to new opportunities all along the upstate semiconductor corridor. Today’s announcement represents our latest investments in workforce training under Governor Hochul, and supports our continued efforts to reshore manufacturing jobs and build out the advanced manufacturing ecosystem.”

    New York State Department of Labor Commissioner Roberta Reardon said, “We must equip our workforce with the necessary skills to support New York’s rapidly expanding advanced manufacturing sector. By offering comprehensive training and wraparound services, this program offers New Yorkers across the state a pathway to well-paying careers now and for years to come. I applaud Governor Hochul for her continued investments in our workforce as we work to build the New York of tomorrow.”

    Center for Economic Growth President and CEO Mark Eagan said, “ON-RAMP ensures that people living in our communities have robust support, including stipends, childcare, and transportation to access training and ultimately a career in manufacturing. CEG is proud to act as the project lead on behalf of a regional consortium of more than 60 initial partners to build a seamless network of workforce training and service providers to connect individuals with in-demand jobs at high-growth manufacturers. Thank you, Governor Hochul, for your leadership in growing New York State’s advanced manufacturing workforce.”

    Monroe Community College President Dr. DeAnna R. Burt-Nanna said, “Monroe Community College has a long history of sustaining public trust as an exemplary leader in workforce development. MCC and the Finger Lakes Workforce Development Center stand ready to create the conditions for the entire Finger Lakes region to showcase its preparedness to uplift the lives of even more New York citizens. We look forward to working with a network of workforce development and training entities, like RochesterWorks, committed to preparing New Yorkers for careers in high-growth industries and leading collaboration to build the overall Upstate NY workforce development ecosystem.”

    Mohawk Valley Community College President Dr. Randall VanWagoner said, “We are so grateful to the Governor and her staff for this incredible opportunity to work even more closely with our workforce partners in the region to significantly scale opportunities that connect people to quality jobs and enhance the overall vibrancy of the communities we serve.”

    CenterState CEO President Robert Simpson said, “The need for talent continues to accelerate as we prepare for historic investments from Micron and other companies looking to expand operations in New York State. We are grateful for Governor Hochul’s leadership and vision as we partner to establish a critical new network of workforce development centers. ON-RAMP will help connect New Yorkers from priority populations with careers in high growth industries like manufacturing and construction. Across New York state these centers will both serve as state-of-the-art training facilities and as catalysts for the redevelopment of strategic, high-impact corridors.”

    State Senator Sean Ryan said, “We know that funding workforce development programs like ON-RAMP is one of the most effective investments we can make in New York’s economy. Providing more technical and career education throughout our state will set more workers up for success and ensure we have the well-trained workforce we need to attract and sustain manufacturing jobs.”

    Assemblymember Al Stirpe said, “The expansion of New York’s advanced manufacturing sector continues to highlight the urgent need to provide our Upstate workforce with the skills necessary for success. By extending workforce development through new ON-RAMP centers in the Capital Region, Finger Lakes, and Mohawk Valley, we can reach more underserved communities, offering the wraparound supports that increase the number of skilled workers while helping to break the cycle of generational poverty. I’m proud of Governor Hochul’s continued commitment, especially with the focus on creating a vital I-90 advanced manufacturing corridor. With Micron’s presence in Central New York and other major players like GlobalFoundries, this investment in workforce training ensures our region remains competitive and prepared for future opportunities in advanced manufacturing.”

    Assemblymember Harry Bronson said, “I am proud to say that thanks to the advocacy and partnership of my colleagues in the Greater Rochester Majority Delegation, as well as local officials, the Governor has identified the Finger Lakes Region as one of the high-impact, strategic locations for a new ON-RAMP workforce development training center. Workforce development is one of the most important tools for building the middle-class and addressing affordability for all our families. In addition, it will help us effectively reduce poverty in New York State and uplift our families, especially when paired with ON-RAMP’s strategy to address other barriers to employment such as transportation, childcare, education and more by providing wraparound services alongside job training. With these investments we are well on our way to building a more equitable and diverse New York economy. Thank you, Governor Hochul, for your leadership.”

    Embedded Flickr Album

    Today’s announcement complements New York State’s investments in workforce development. In 2022, Governor Hochul reimagined the state’s approach to workforce development and established the Office of Strategic Workforce Development at ESD, which supports industry-driven workforce development programs and practices to ensure New Yorkers are prepared to meet the needs and priorities of employers. To date, more than $63 million has been awarded, leveraging more than $69 million in public and private funding, to support nearly 15,000 trainees for over 2,000 business partners.

    The announcement also complements the state’s investments to build a modern economy in New York by growing a dynamic and innovative semiconductor industry. In 2022, the Governor signed New York’s historic Green CHIPS legislation to make New York a hub for semiconductor manufacturing, creating 21st century jobs and kick-starting economic growth while maintaining important environmental protections. As part of the FY24 Enacted Budget, Governor Hochul secured a $45 million investment to create the Governor’s Office of Semiconductor Expansion, Management, and Integration (GO-SEMI), which leads statewide efforts to develop the chipmaking sector. In December 2023, Governor Hochul announced a $10 billion public-private partnership — including $9 billion in private investment from IBM, Micron, Applied Materials, Tokyo Electron and other semiconductor leaders — to bring the future of advanced semiconductor research to New York’s Capital region by creating the nation’s first and only industry accessible, High NA EUV Lithography Center at the Albany NanoTech Complex which has been recently awarded $825 million in federal funding and was designated the CHIPS for America EUV Accelerator under the CHIPS and Science Act.

    In the last two years, chip companies have announced more than $112 billion in planned capital investments in New York — more than any other state — and one in four U.S.-made chips will be produced within 350 miles of Upstate New York. No other region in the country will account for a greater share of domestic production.

    Build the Workforce of Tomorrow

    As a part of her 2025 State of the State, Governor Hochul proposed making community college free for students ages 25-55 pursuing select associate degrees in high-demand occupations, including nursing, teaching, technology, engineering and more. Additionally, the State will cover the costs of tuition, books and fees for participants in this program and will increase funding for career support infrastructure to connect students with job opportunities. Governor Hochul also proposed providing funding for providers of registered apprenticeships and pre-apprenticeships in the high-demand occupations, to cover partial apprentice wages, training costs, and for underrepresented groups, wraparound services. Additionally, the Governor proposed to reform the way executive agencies hire cybersecurity and technology talent by removing four-year degree requirements for many entry-level and early-career positions, and to create a cybersecurity fellows program with SUNY and CUNY community colleges that places graduates in two-year jobs in state government. Governor Hochul will also work with private companies to similarly reduce or remove certain educational requirements to create more entry points for New Yorkers graduating from community and technical colleges.

    Renew Our Commitment to Our State’s Capital City

    The FY 2026 Executive Budget launched an inclusive, State-led initiative to invest $400 million to revitalize the downtown core of Albany—in partnership with local stakeholders and backed by significant State resources to catalyze change. This investment includes $200 million to make real investments into tangible strategies and projects to revitalize Albany, such as: targeted strategies that address public safety and quality of life; revitalizing vacant or dated anchor institutions; reinvigorating commercial corridors; repurposing vacant and underutilized commercial buildings for housing and other new uses; leveraging open spaces and key public assets; coordinating with ongoing planning efforts related to the redevelopment of I-787 and the Livingston Avenue rail bridge; and creating new reasons to work, visit, or live in downtown Albany. This historic investment also includes $150 million to renovate the New York State Museum and upgrade the exhibits to be more inviting to visitors, including families, as well as funding for the State to temporarily supplement Albany’s public safety efforts by offering enhanced State Police resources to reduce crime and increase community policing in key corridors.

    Informed by conversations with local stakeholders, the Governor’s commitment to Albany will play out through a comprehensive community engagement process with the public, elected representatives, and community leaders to identify key opportunities to promote business development, bolster public safety, build out community anchors, encourage housing, and enhance affordability.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s reply to the Motion of Thanks on the President’s Address in Rajya Sabha

    Source: Government of India

    Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s reply to the Motion of Thanks on the President’s Address in Rajya Sabha

    Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas is our collective responsibility: PM

    The people of the country have understood, tested and supported our model of development: PM

    Santushtikaran over Tushtikaran, After 2014, the country has seen a new model and this model is not of appeasement but of satisfaction: PM

    The mantra of our governance is – Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas: PM

    India’s progress is powered by Nari Shakti: PM

    We are Prioritising the welfare of the poor and marginalised: PM

    We are Empowering the tribal communities with PM-JANMAN: PM

    25 crore people of the country have moved out of poverty and become part of the neo middle class, Today, their aspirations are the strongest foundation for the nation’s progress: PM

    The middle class is confident and determined to drive India’s journey towards development: PM

    We have focused on strengthening infrastructure across the country: PM

    Today, the world recognises India’s economic potential: PM

    Posted On: 06 FEB 2025 8:41PM by PIB Delhi

    The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi replied to the Motion of Thanks on the President’s Address to Parliament in the Rajya Sabha today. Addressing the House, the Prime Minister remarked that the President’s address covered India’s achievements, global expectations from India, and the confidence of the common man in building a developed India. He remarked that the President’s speech was inspiring, impactful, and provided guidance for future work. He expressed his gratitude to the President for the address. 

    Shri Modi said that over 70 honorable MPs have enriched the motion of thanks with their valuable thoughts. He noted that discussions took place from both sides, with everyone explaining the President’s address based on their understanding. The Prime Minister mentioned that a lot has been said about Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas, and he found it difficult to understand the complexities involved. He emphasized that Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas is our collective responsibility, and that’s why the country has given them the opportunity to serve. 

    Thanking the people of India for giving them the opportunity to serve them continuously since 2014, Shri Modi said this was a testimony to our model of development which has been tested, understood and supported by the people. He added the phrase ‘Nation First’ signified their model of development and this was exemplified in the policies, schemes and actions of the Government.  Noting that there was a need of alternate model of governance and administration after a long hiatus of 5 – 6 decades after independence, Shri Modi said that country has received an opportunity to witness a new model of development, since 2014, based on satisfaction (Santushtikaran) over appeasement (Tushtikaran). 

    “It has been our earnest effort to ensure optimum utilization of the resources in India”, said the Prime Minister. He added that to ensure that the time of India was also not wasted but utilized for the development of the nation and the welfare of the people. Therefore, he added, “We have adopted the Saturation Approach”. He remarked that the motive behind the approach was to ensure 100% benefits to the true beneficiaries of the scheme. Highlighting that the true spirit of “Sabka Saath, Sabka Vishwas” has been implemented on the ground in the past decade, Shri Modi said that it is now evident as the efforts have led to the fruition in the form of development and progress. “Sabka Saath, Sabka Vishwas is the main mantra of our Governance”, he added. The Prime Minister emphasized that the Government had shown its commitment by strengthening the SC, ST Act which would empower the poor and the tribals by enhancing their respect and security. 

    Lamenting that there is a lot of effort being made in today’s time to spread the poison of casteism, the Prime Minister reminded that  for the past three decades, OBC MPs from various parties of both houses have been demanding constitutional status for the OBC Commission. He added that it was their Government that granted constitutional status to the OBC Commission. He highlighted that the respect and honour of the Backward Classes was also important for their Government as they worship 140 crore Indians. 

    Remarking that whenever the topic of reservation has arisen in the country, efforts to solve the problem in a robust manner have not been undertaken, Shri Modi highlighted that in every instance, methods to divide the country, create tension, and foster enmity against each other were adopted. He emphasized that similar approaches were used even after the country attained independence. The Prime Minister highlighted that for the first time, his government presented a model inspired by the mantra of Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas, providing nearly 10% reservation for the economically weaker sections without any tension or deprivation. He stated that this decision was welcomed by the SC, ST, and OBC communities, with no one expressing any discomfort. The Prime Minister noted that the implementation method, based on the principle of Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas, was carried out in a healthy and peaceful manner, leading to nationwide acceptance of the decision.

    Highlighting that Divyangs or specially-abled individuals in the country have not received the attention they deserve, the Prime Minister highlighted that under the mantra of Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas, his Government has extended reservation for the differently-abled and worked in mission mode to provide facilities for them. He mentioned that numerous welfare schemes have been created and implemented for the benefit of specially-abled individuals. Furthermore, Shri Modi emphasized the efforts made for the legal rights of the transgender community, highlighting the commitment to ensuring their rights through robust legal measures. He remarked that the Government’s approach to Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas is demonstrated through their compassionate consideration towards marginalized sections of society.

    “India’s progress is powered by Nari Shakti”, exclaimed Shri Modi. He highlighted that if women are given opportunities and become part of policy-making, it can accelerate the country’s progress. He remarked that this is why the Government’s first decision in the new Parliament was dedicated to the honor of Nari Shakti. Shri Modi pointed out that the new Parliament will be remembered not just for its appearance but for its first decision, which was a tribute to the Nari Shakti. He stated that the new Parliament could have been inaugurated differently for the sake of praise, but instead, it was dedicated to the honor of women. He highlighted that the Parliament has commenced its work with the blessings of Nari Shakti.

    Remarking that Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was never considered worthy of the Bharat Ratna by the previous Governments, Shri Modi highlighted that despite this, the people of the country have always respected Dr. Ambedkar’s spirit and ideals. He emphasized that due to this respect from all sections of society, everyone from all parties are now compelled to say “Jai Bhim,” albeit reluctantly. 

    Shri Modi said that Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar deeply understood the fundamental challenges faced by the SC and ST communities, having personally experienced the pain and suffering. He highlighted that Dr. Ambedkar presented a clear roadmap for the economic upliftment of these communities. Reading a quote from Dr. Ambedkar, stating that “While India is an agrarian country, agriculture cannot be the main livelihood for Dalits”, the Prime Minister noted that Dr. Ambedkar identified two reasons: first, the inability to purchase land, and second, even with money, there were no opportunities to buy land. He emphasized that Dr. Ambedkar advocated for industrialization as a solution to this injustice faced by Dalits, tribals, and marginalized groups. He highlighted that Dr. Ambedkar believed in promoting skill-based jobs and entrepreneurship for economic self-reliance. He mentioned that the vision of Dr. Ambedkar was not considered and completely dismissed for many decades after independence. He emphasized that Dr. Ambedkar aimed to eliminate the economic hardships of the SC and ST communities.

    Pointing out that in 2014, his Government prioritized skill development, financial inclusion, and industrial growth, the Prime Minister highlighted the introduction of the PM Vishwakarma Yojana, aimed at traditional artisans and craftsmen like blacksmiths and potters, who are essential to society’s foundation and scattered across villages. He emphasized that for the first time, there was concern for this section of society, providing them with training, technological upgrades, new tools, design assistance, financial support, and market access. He remarked that his government launched a special campaign to focus on this neglected group, acknowledging their significant role in shaping society.

    “Our Government introduced the MUDRA scheme to invite and encourage first-time entrepreneurs”, said Shri Modi and highlighted the large-scale campaign of providing loans without guarantees to help a significant section of society achieve their dreams of Atmanirbharta (self-reliance), which has seen great success. He also mentioned the Stand Up India scheme, aimed at providing loans of up to ₹1 (one) crore without guarantees to SC, ST, and women from any community, to support their enterprises. He noted that this year, the budget for this scheme has been doubled. The Prime Minister observed that millions of young people from marginalized communities and many women have started their businesses under the MUDRA scheme, not only securing employment for themselves but also creating jobs for others. He highlighted the empowerment of every artisan and every community, fulfilling Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar’s dream through the MUDRA scheme.

    Emphasising his commitment to the welfare of the poor and marginalized, stating that those who were ignored are now being prioritized, Shri Modi highlighted that the current budget has touched upon various small sectors such as the leather and footwear industries, benefiting the poor and marginalized communities. Citing an example, the Prime Minister mentioned the toy industry, noting that many people from marginalized communities are involved in toy making. The Government has focused on this sector, providing various forms of assistance to poor families. The result is a significant increase in toy exports, which have tripled, benefiting the underprivileged communities that rely on this industry for their livelihood.

    Highlighting the significant contribution of the fishing community in India, the Prime Minister remarked that the Government has established a separate ministry for fishermen and extended the benefits of the Kisan Credit Card to them. He noted that around ₹40,000 crore have been included in the fisheries sector. He emphasized that these efforts have doubled fish production and exports, directly benefiting the fishing community. The Prime Minister reiterated the Government’s priority to work for the welfare of the most neglected sections of society.

    Remarking that there are new efforts to spread the poison of casteism, which affects our tribal communities in various levels, the Prime Minister highlighted that some groups have very small populations, spread across 200-300 places in the country, and are highly neglected. He expressed gratitude for the guidance from the President, who has close knowledge of these communities. Shri Modi noted that special efforts have been made to include these particularly vulnerable tribal groups in specific schemes. He mentioned the introduction of the PM Janman Yojana, with an allocation of ₹24,000 crore, to provide facilities and welfare measures for these communities. The goal is to elevate them to the level of other tribal communities and eventually bring them on par with the entire society.

    “Our Government has also focused on different regions of the country that face significant backwardness, such as border villages”, said Shri Modi. He highlighted the psychological shift brought about by the Government, ensuring that border villagers are prioritized. He emphasized that these villages, where the first and last rays of the sun touch, have been given special status as “first villages” with specific development plans. The Prime Minister noted that ministers were sent to remote villages to stay for 24 hours, even in extreme conditions like minus 15 degrees, to understand and address the villagers’ problems. He mentioned that village leaders from these border areas are invited as guests on national celebrations like Independence Day and Republic Day. He stressed on the Government’s commitment to Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas and the ongoing efforts to reach every neglected community. Shri Modi highlighted the importance and utility of the Vibrant Villages program for the nation’s security, emphasizing the government’s continued focus on it.

    The Prime Minister noted that the President in her address, on the occasion of 75 years of the Republic, urged everyone to take inspiration from the constitution makers. He expressed satisfaction that the Government is moving forward with respect and inspiration from the sentiments of the constitution makers. Addressing the topic of the Uniform Civil Code (UCC), Shri Modi remarked that those who read the debates of the Constituent Assembly would understand the efforts to bring forth those sentiments. He acknowledged that some might have political objections, but the Government is committed to fulfilling this vision with courage and dedication. 

    Emphasizing the importance of respecting the constitution makers and drawing inspiration from their words, the Prime Minister expressed regret that the sentiments of the constitution makers were disregarded immediately after independence. He highlighted that an interim arrangement, which was not an elected government, made amendments to the constitution without waiting for an elected Government to do so. He remarked that the freedom of speech was curbed and restrictions were imposed on the press while claiming to uphold democracy, by the then Government. He stated that this was a complete disregard for the spirit of the constitution.

    Shri Modi highlighted that during the tenure of the first government of independent India, led by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, there were instances of suppression of freedom of speech. He mentioned that during a workers’ strike in Mumbai, renowned poet Shri Majrooh Sultanpuri sang a poem criticizing the Commonwealth, which led to his imprisonment. He also pointed out that famous actor Shri Balraj Sahni was jailed merely for participating in a protest march.  He further highlighted that Lata Mangeshkar’s brother, Shri Hridaynath Mangeshkar, faced repercussions for planning to present a poem by Veer Savarkar on All India Radio. He remarked that merely for this reason, Hridaynath Mangeshkar was permanently dismissed from All India Radio. 

    Touching upon the experiences in the country during the period of Emergency, during which the constitution was crushed and its spirit trampled upon for the sake of power, Shri Modi emphasized that the nation remembers this. He highlighted that during the Emergency, the renowned senior actor Shri Dev Anand was requested to publicly support the Emergency. Shri Dev Anand showed courage and refused to support it, leading to a ban on all his films on Doordarshan. The Prime Minister criticized those who talk about the constitution but have kept it in their pockets for years, showing no respect for it. He highlighted that Shri Kishore Kumar refused to sing for the then ruling party and as a consequence, all of his songs were banned on All India Radio.

    Remarking that he cannot forget the days of the Emergency, the Prime Minister emphasized that those who talk about democracy and human dignity are the same people who, during the Emergency, handcuffed and chained great personalities of the country, including Shri George Fernandes. He highlighted that even members of Parliament and national leaders were bound in chains and handcuffs during this period. He stated that the word “constitution” does not suit them. 

    Shri Modi remarked that, for the sake of power and the arrogance of a royal family, millions of families in the country were devastated, and the nation was turned into a prison. He emphasized that a long struggle ensued, forcing those who considered themselves invincible to bow down to the people’s strength. The Prime Minister noted that the Emergency was lifted due to the democratic spirit embedded in the veins of the Indian people. Remarking that he holds senior leaders in high regard and respects their long public services, the Prime Minister noted the achievements of leaders like Shri Mallikarjun Kharge and former Prime Minister Shri Deve Gowda. 

    Highlighting that the empowerment of the poor and their upliftment has never been as extensive as it has been during his Government’s tenure, Shri Modi remarked that the Government has designed schemes aimed at empowering the poor and enabling them to overcome poverty. He expressed his faith in the potential of the country’s poor, stating that given the opportunity, they can overcome any challenge. He emphasized that the poor have demonstrated their capability by taking advantage of these schemes and opportunities. “Through empowerment, 25 crore people have successfully risen out of poverty, which is a matter of pride for the Government”, he added. The Prime Minister noted that those who have emerged from poverty have done so through hard work, trust in the Government, and leveraging the schemes and today, they have formed a neo-middle class in the country.

    Emphasising the Government’s strong commitment to the neo-middle class and middle class, the Prime Minister remarked that their aspirations are a driving force for the country’s progress, providing new energy and a solid foundation for national development. He highlighted efforts to enhance the capabilities of the middle class & neo-middle class. He noted that a significant portion of the middle class has been exempted from taxes in the current budget. In 2013, the income tax exemption limit was up to ₹2 lakh, but it has now been increased to ₹12 lakh. The Prime Minister mentioned that individuals over 70 years of age, from any class or community, are benefiting from the Ayushman Bharat scheme, with significant advantages for the elderly in the middle class.

    “We have built four crore houses for citizens, with over one crore houses constructed in cities”, said Shri Modi. He remarked that there used to be significant fraud affecting home buyers, making it essential to provide protection. He emphasized that the enactment of the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) (RERA) Act in this Parliament has become a crucial tool in overcoming obstacles to the dream of home ownership for the middle class. The Prime Minister noted that the current budget includes the SWAMIH initiative, which allocates ₹15,000 crore to complete stalled housing projects, where the middle class’s money and facilities were stuck. He highlighted that this initiative aims to fulfill the dreams of the middle class.

    Pointing to the startup revolution, which has gained global recognition, the Prime Minister said that these startups are primarily driven by young people from the middle class. He remarked that the world is increasingly attracted to India, especially due to the G20 meetings held in 50-60 locations across the country. He emphasized that this has revealed the vastness of India beyond Delhi, Mumbai, and Bengaluru. He pointed out that the growing global interest in Indian tourism brings numerous business opportunities, greatly benefiting the middle class by providing various income sources.

    “The middle class today is filled with confidence, which is unprecedented and greatly strengthens the nation”, said Shri Modi. He expressed his firm belief that the Indian middle class is determined and fully prepared to realize the vision of a developed India, standing strong and moving forward together.

    Highlighting that the youth play a crucial role in building a developed India, the Prime Minister emphasized the demographic dividend, noting that students currently in schools and colleges will be the primary beneficiaries of a developed nation. He remarked that as the youth age, the country’s development journey will progress, making them a significant foundation for a developed India. He underscored that, over the past decade, strategic efforts have been made to strengthen the youth base in schools and colleges. He pointed out that for the past 30 years, there was little thought given to 21st-century education, and the previous attitude was to let things continue as they were. Shri Modi highlighted that the new National Education Policy (NEP) was introduced after almost three decades to address these issues. He mentioned that various initiatives under this policy, including the establishment of PM Shri Schools, aim to revolutionize education. He noted that approximately 10,000 to 12,000 PM Shri Schools have already been established, with plans to create more in the future. He also emphasized an important decision regarding the changes in the education policy which now includes provisions for education and examinations to be conducted in the mother tongue. Underlining the lingering colonial mindset regarding language in India, he stressed the injustice faced by children from poor, Dalit, tribal, and marginalized communities due to language barriers. The Prime Minister remarked on the necessity of education in one’s mother tongue, enabling students to pursue careers as doctors and engineers irrespective of their proficiency in English. He emphasized the significant reforms undertaken to ensure that children from all backgrounds can dream of becoming doctors and engineers. Furthermore, the Prime Minister underscored the expansion of Eklavya Model Residential Schools for tribal youth, noting the increase from around 150 schools a decade ago to 470 schools today, with plans to establish over 200 more.

    Further elaborating on the education reforms, Shri Modi said major reforms in Sainik Schools, introducing provisions for girls’ admission were undertaken. Emphasizing the importance and capability of these schools, he highlighted that hundreds of girls are currently studying in this patriotic environment, naturally fostering a sense of devotion to the country.

    Highlighting the significant role of the National Cadet Corps (NCC) in youth grooming, the Prime Minister remarked that those who have been associated with NCC know that it provides a golden opportunity for comprehensive development and exposure at a crucial age. He emphasized the unprecedented expansion of NCC in recent years, noting that the number of cadets has increased from approximately 14 lakh in 2014 to over 20 lakh today. 

    Emphasising the enthusiasm and eagerness of the country’s youth to achieve something new, even beyond routine tasks, Shri Modi remarked on the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, observing that youth groups in many cities continue to advance the cleanliness campaign with their self-motivation. He noted that some young individuals work towards education in slums and various other initiatives. Seeing this, the Prime Minister highlighted the need to provide organized opportunities for the youth, leading to the launch of the “MY Bharat” or Mera Yuva Bharat movement. Today, over 1.5 crore youths have registered and are actively participating in discussions on contemporary issues, raising awareness in society, and pursuing positive actions with their own capabilities, without the need for spoon-feeding, he added.

    Touching upon the importance of sports in fostering sportsmanship and how a nation’s spirit flourishes where sports are widespread, the Prime Minister remarked that numerous initiatives have been launched to support sports talent, including unprecedented financial support and infrastructure development. He highlighted the transformative power of the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) and the Khelo India initiative on the sports ecosystem. He added that over the past decade, Indian athletes have showcased their prowess in various sports events, with India’s youth, including young women, demonstrating the country’s strength on the global stage.

    Prime Minister emphasized the significance of infrastructure in transforming a developing nation into a developed one. He highlighted that both welfare schemes and infrastructure are crucial for a country’s growth, and underscored the need for timely completion of infrastructure projects. He noted that delays lead to wastage of taxpayers’ money and deprive the nation of benefits. Criticising the previous dispensations for its culture of delays and political interference in project execution, Shri Modi mentioned the establishment of the PRAGATI platform, which he personally reviews, for detailed monitoring of infrastructure projects, including real-time videography using drones and live interaction with stakeholders. He stated that projects worth approximately ₹19 lakh Crore were stalled due to coordination issues between the state and central governments or different departments. He highlighted a study by Oxford University that praised PRAGATI and suggested other developing countries could benefit from its experiences. Citing an example from Uttar Pradesh to illustrate past inefficiencies, the Prime Minister mentioned the Saryu Canal Project, approved in 1972, which remained stalled for five decades until it was completed in 2021. Highlighting the completion of the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla railway line in Jammu and Kashmir, the Prime Minister remarked that the project was approved in 1994 but remained stalled for decades. Finally, after three decades, it was completed in 2025, he added. Shri Narendra Modi highlighted the completion of the Haridaspur-Paradip railway line in Odisha. He remarked that the project was approved in 1996 but remained stalled for years which was finally completed in 2019 during the current administration’s tenure. Elaborating further, the Prime Minister highlighted the completion of the Bogibeel Bridge in Assam, approved in 1998 and completed by his Government in 2018. He remarked that he could provide hundreds of examples illustrating the detrimental culture of delays prevalent in the past. He emphasized the need for a change in culture to ensure the timely completion of such vital projects and said that the significant setbacks caused by this culture during the previous dispensation, depriving the nation of its rightful progress. Underscoring the importance of proper planning and timely execution of infrastructure projects, the Prime Minister said to address this, the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan was introduced. He encouraged states to utilize the PM Gati Shakti platform, which includes 1,600 data layers, to streamline decision-making and accelerate project implementation. The platform has become a vital foundation for expediting infrastructure work in the country, he added.

    Emphasising the necessity for today’s youth to understand the hardships their parents faced and the reasons behind the nation’s past condition, the Prime Minister remarked that without proactive decisions and actions over the past decade, the benefits of Digital India would have taken years to materialize. He highlighted that proactive decision-making and actions have enabled India to be timely and, in some cases, ahead of time. He further noted that 5G technology is now more widely available in India at one of the fastest rates globally. 

    Shri Modi drew attention to past experiences, highlighting that technologies such as computers, mobile phones, and ATMs reached many countries well before India, often taking decades to arrive. He remarked that even in the health sector, vaccines for diseases like smallpox and BCG were available globally while India lagged due to systemic inefficiencies.  The Prime Minister attributed these delays to poor governance of the past, where critical knowledge and implementation were tightly controlled, resulting in a “license permit raj” that stifled progress. He emphasized to the youth the oppressive nature of this system, hindering the nation’s development.

    Remarking on the early days of computer imports, highlighting that obtaining a license to import computers was a lengthy process that took years, the Prime Minister noted that this requirement significantly delayed the adoption of new technology in India.

    Pointing to the bureaucratic challenges of the past, the Prime Minister said that even obtaining cement for house construction required permission and during weddings, even getting sugar for tea required a license. He emphasized that these challenges occurred in post-independence India and pointed that the youth of today can understand the implications, questioning who was responsible for the bribes and where the money went.

    Highlighting the bureaucratic hurdles of the past, noting that purchasing a scooter required booking and payment, followed by a wait of 8-10 years, the Prime Minister remarked that even selling a scooter needed government permission. He emphasized the inefficiency in obtaining essential items, such as gas cylinders, which were distributed through coupons to MPs, and the long queues for gas connections. He noted the lengthy process for obtaining a telephone connection, stressing that today’s youth should be aware of these challenges. He remarked that those delivering grand speeches today should reflect on their past governance and its impact on the nation.

    “The restrictive policies and license raj that pushed India into one of the slowest economic growth rates globally”, said Shri Modi. He remarked that this weak growth rate came to be known as the “Hindu rate of growth,” which was an insult to a large community. He emphasized that the failure was due to the incompetence, lack of understanding, and corruption of those in power, which led to the mislabeling of an entire society as responsible for the slow growth.

    Criticizing the economic mismanagement and flawed policies of the past, which led to blaming and tarnishing an entire society, the Prime Minister remarked that historically, India’s culture and policies did not include restrictive license raj while Indians believed in openness and were among the first to engage in free trade globally. Shri Modi highlighted that Indian merchants traveled to distant lands for trade without any restrictions, which was part of India’s natural culture. He noted that the current global recognition of India’s economic potential and rapid growth brings pride to every Indian. “India is now seen as one of the fastest-growing countries, and the nation’s economy is expanding significantly”, he emphasised.

    Underlining that the nation is now breathing easy and soaring high after breaking free from the clutches of restrictive license raj and flawed policies, the Prime Minister remarked on the promotion of the “Make in India” initiative, aimed at boosting manufacturing in the country. He mentioned the introduction of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme and reforms related to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). He emphasized that India has become the world’s second-largest mobile phone producer, transitioning from being predominantly an importer to an exporter of mobile phones.

    Emphasising India’s achievements in defense manufacturing, noting that defense product exports have increased tenfold over the past decade, the Prime Minister also highlighted the tenfold increase in solar module manufacturing. He stated “India is now the world’s second-largest steel producer” while machinery and electronic exports have seen rapid growth over the past decade. He also noted that toy exports have more than tripled, and agrochemical exports have increased significantly. “During the COVID-19 pandemic, India supplied vaccines and medicines to over 150 countries under the “Made in India” initiative”, said Shri Modi. He highlighted the rapid growth in exports of AYUSH and herbal products as well.

    Remarking on the lack of efforts by the previous Government to promote Khadi, stating that even the movement started during the freedom struggle was not advanced, the Prime Minister highlighted that the turnover of Khadi and Village Industries has surpassed ₹1.5 lakh Crore for the first time. He noted that production has quadrupled in the last decade, significantly benefiting the MSME sector and creating numerous employment opportunities across the country.

    Underscoring that all elected representatives are servants of the people, Shri Modi remarked that the mission of the country and society is paramount for public representatives, and it is their duty to work with a spirit of service. 

    Stressing on the collective responsibility of all Indians to embrace the vision of a developed India, the Prime Minister remarked that this is not just the resolve of a government or an individual but the commitment of 140 crore citizens. He warned that those who remain indifferent to this mission will be left behind by the nation. He highlighted the unwavering determination of India’s middle class and youth to propel the country forward.

    Underlining the importance of everyone’s role in the nation’s progress as it reaches new heights of development, Shri Modi remarked that opposition in Government is natural and essential in a democracy, as is opposition to policies. However, he warned that extreme negativism and attempts to diminish others instead of enhancing one’s own contributions could hinder the development of India. He stressed the need to free ourselves from such negativity and engage in continuous self-reflection and introspection. He expressed confidence that the discussions in the House would yield valuable insights that will be taken forward. He concluded by acknowledging the continuous inspiration derived from the President’s address and expressed heartfelt gratitude to the President and all honorable Members of Parliament. 

     

     

    ***

    MJPS/SR

    (Release ID: 2100467) Visitor Counter : 67

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News –

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: A New Dawn for Rural India’s Transformation

    Source: Government of India

    A New Dawn for Rural India’s Transformation

    Union Budget 2025-26 Brings Forward a Package of Hope

    Posted On: 06 FEB 2025 7:32PM by PIB Delhi

    Union Budget 2025-26 Brings Forward a Package of Hope

    “Ensuring a dignified life for the people of rural India is the priority of my Government”

    ~Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi

     

    India is home to 6.65 lakh villages, with 2.68 lakh Gram Panchayats and Rural Local Bodies, which form the backbone of the nation’s rural landscape. These villages, scattered across the country, play a crucial role in shaping India’s rural economy and culture. The Union Budget 2025-26 recognizes the importance of these communities and places a strong emphasis on their upliftment. The budget focuses on key areas such as employment generation, women empowerment, education and infrastructure development in rural India.

    Total amount allocated for the demand in the Budget Estimate (BE) for 2025-26: ₹1,88,754.53 Cr.

    The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines several key initiatives aimed at driving rural development and enhancing prosperity through focused programs and investments:

     

    1. Water Supply – Jal Jeevan Mission:

    The Jal Jeevan Mission has been extended until 2028 with an increased focus on improving the quality of infrastructure and the operation and maintenance of rural piped water supply schemes through a citizen-centric approach, known as “Jan Bhagidhari”. The goal is to achieve 100% coverage with enhanced financial support and sustainability through state-specific MoUs.

    1. Broadband Connectivity – Bharatnet Project:

    Broadband connectivity will be expanded under the Bharatnet Project, aiming to provide all government secondary schools and primary health centers in rural areas with internet access, improving education and healthcare services.

    1. India Post as a Catalyst for Rural Economy:

     India Post will drive rural economic growth with its 1.5 lakh rural post offices, India Post Payment Bank, and 2.4 lakh Dak Sevaks. It will enhance services by offering micro-enterprise credit, digital services, and institutional account management. Furthermore, India Post will evolve into a key public logistics organization supporting entrepreneurs, MSMEs, and self-help groups.

    1. Rural Prosperity and Resilience Program:

    A comprehensive multi-sectoral ‘Rural Prosperity and Resilience’ programme will be launched in collaboration with states. This program aims to address under-employment in agriculture by promoting skill development, technology adoption, and investments to invigorate the rural economy. The mission will focus on empowering rural women, young farmers, marginalized communities, and landless families, ensuring that migration becomes a choice, not a necessity.

    Through these initiatives, the Union Budget 2025-26 envisions a holistic approach to rural development, aiming for long-term growth, resilience, and self-reliance across rural India.

    Positive Transformations in Rural India

    Positive outcomes have been observed across various sectors as India moves toward greater prosperity. These include an increase in rural wages, wider internet connectivity in rural areas, a decline in poverty, and a reduction in consumption inequality.

    • National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) Report: The proportion of individuals living in multidimensional poverty declined from 24.85% to 14.96% between 2015-16 and 2019-21. 13.5 crore individuals escaped multidimensional poverty during this period.
    • Rural Internet Connectivity: As of March 2024, India had 954.40 million internet subscribers. Out of this, 398.35 million were rural internet subscribers.
    • Income Distribution (Gini Coefficient): For rural areas, it declined from 0.266 in FY22-23 to 0.237 in FY23-24.
    • Rural Wage Growth: As per data from the Labour Bureau, rural wages in FY25 (April-September 2024) showed a growth of above 4% each month year-on-year: Agriculture wages grew by 5.7% for men and 7% for women. Non-agricultural wages grew by 5.5% for men and 7.9% for women.

    Pathway to Prosperity: Key Rural Scheme Achievements

    • Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) – Roads: Launched in December 2000, this initiative aims to provide rural connectivity through a single all-weather road to unconnected habitations of a designated population size in the core network, enhancing the socio-economic conditions of rural communities.
    • Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G) – Housing: Launched on 20th November 2016, aiming to provide housing for the poorest segments of society.

    Mission Amrit Sarovar: Launched on 24th April 2022, with an objective to conserve water for the future. The Mission aimed at developing / rejuvenating 75 Amrit Sarovar (Pond) in each district of the Country. A total of 68,843 ponds have been constructed.

     

    National Rural Health Mission: Launched in 2005 with the objective of building public health systems to provide accessible, affordable and quality health care to the rural population.

    1. Jal Jeevan Mission: Launched in 2019, JJM is a nationwide programme designed to provide all households in rural India with safe and adequate drinking-water through individual household tap connections. As of 27 January 2025, a total of 12.2 crore households have been provided with tap water connections.
    1. Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin): Launched on October 2, 2014, the initiative aimed at making India Open Defecation Free (ODF). Currently in Phase 2 the focus is on maintaining the ODF status, managing solid and liquid waste by 2024-25 and transitioning all villages from ODF to the ODF Plus model.

    Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY): Launched on 11th October 2014, SAGY aims to preserve the essence of rural India by providing access to basic amenities and opportunities for people to shape their own futures.

    1. Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN): Cabinet Approved PM-JANMAN on Nov. 2023 to improve socio-economic conditions of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
    1. Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM): Launched in 2011, the scheme aims to empower rural poor women by organizing them into Self Help Groups (SHGs) and supporting economic activities to improve their income and quality of life. Implemented in 5,369 blocks across 682 districts.
    2. Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008: Provide access to justice at the grassroots level in rural areas. As of October 2024, 313 Gram Nyayalayas have disposed of over 2.99 lakh cases between December 2020 and October 2024.
    1. National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP): Launched on 15th August 1995, Provide financial assistance to vulnerable sections of society.

     

    1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) Progress: Launched in 2005, the scheme aims to provide 100 days of guaranteed wage employment annually to rural households, enhancing livelihood security through unskilled manual work. The Budget allocation under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA has steadily risen. The budget allocation for the financial year 2006-07 was Rs 11,300 crore which increased to Rs 33,000 crore in 2013-14 and now stands at Rs 86,000 crore during FY 2024-25 at Budget estimate stage.

    ​​​​​​​

    Conclusion

    Rural India is making significant strides toward achieving a developed India by 2047, with the Union Budget serving as a key step in making it more self-reliant (Atmanirbhar). By focusing on essential areas like employment, infrastructure, and economic empowerment, the budget ensures crucial support for a prosperous and sustainable future for rural communities, paving the way for a stronger, more self-sufficient India.

     

    References

    Click here to see in PDF

    Santosh Kumar/ Sarla Meena/ Kamna Lakaria

    (Release ID: 2100410) Visitor Counter : 22

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News –

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: Exhibition on implementation of important schemes run by Rural Development Department, Government of India and Rural Development Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh in Maha Kumbh Mela area

    Source: Government of India

    Exhibition on implementation of important schemes run by Rural Development Department, Government of India and Rural Development Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh in Maha Kumbh Mela area

    An effort has been made to bring to reality the resolution of every family having their own permanent house in the changing face of housing in rural areas through the model houses

    Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana demonstrated improvement in rural connectivity by connecting rural habitations

    Posted On: 06 FEB 2025 5:38PM by PIB Delhi

     

    In the ongoing Mahakumbh Mela an effort has been made to showcase the implementation of the schemes run by the Rural Development Departments of the Government of India and the Government of Uttar Pradesh. To depict the changing environment of the rural areas, an exhibition has been set up at sector 7 of the Mahakumbh mela on various schemes that are being implemented effectively to change the face of rural India.

    Important schemes among them are:

    1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
    2. National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM)
    3. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Rural)
    4. Pradhan Mantri Gramin Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
    5. Integrated Watershed Management System
    6. Swachh Bharat Mission-Rural

     

    The changing face of the rural areas has been demonstrated through the works done under the MNREGA scheme such as construction of Amrit-Sarovar, soak pit, rooftop rain water harvesting, construction of internal streets and drains, tree plantation and construction of memorial gardens, cattle shed, vermicompost and NADEP, construction of Panchayat Bhawan, construction of nutrition production unit, Prerna canteen, Annapurna ration shop and construction of playground and other works. An attempt has been made to realise the concept of Gram Swaraj by adopting a transparent system of schemes operated through social audit.

    The National Rural Livelihood Mission aims to reduce rural poverty, provide sustainable livelihood opportunities, women empowerment and accelerate financial inclusion. Through Saras Haat, a better platform has been provided for branding, promotion and marketing of the products of groups from different districts and the sisters of the self-help groups so that their livelihood can be enhanced through promotion and sale of their products. Through activities related to BC Sakhi, Drone Sakhi etc., an attempt has been made to demonstrate the economic upliftment in the lives of women and the change in social status, thereby realizing the concept of empowered village and empowered India.

    Through the model houses of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Rural) and Mukhyamantri Awas Yojana (Rural), an attempt has been made to show case the changing face of housing in rural areas and the resolve of the Central Government and the State Government to provide every family with their own permanent house.

    The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana has shown remarkable impact in rural areas by providing all-weather road connectivity to settlements with a population of over 250.

    The Rural Development Departments of the Government of India and Uttar Pradesh have demonstrated their key role in implementing schemes through the Rural Self Employment Training Institute (RSETI) model. This was further highlighted at Mahakumbh-2025, where models and exhibitions showcased the socio-economic impact of their schemes on rural areas.

    Mahakumbh-2025 organized at the holy place Prayagraj is a wonderful confluence of unity in diversity with its religious, spiritual, cultural, rural and urban aura. Most of the population of the country lives in rural areas, that is why India is called a country of villages. The schemes of Rural Development Departments of the Government of India and the Government of Uttar Pradesh playing an important role in the socio-economic and structural development of the village.

    *******

    MG/KSR

    (Release ID: 2100350) Visitor Counter : 73

    Read this release in: Hindi

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News –

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: Urban Poverty Alleviation

    Source: Government of India (2)

    Posted On: 06 FEB 2025 5:16PM by PIB Delhi

    The pilot of the proposed New Mission on Urban Poverty Alleviation was launched with effect from 1st October, 2024, for 3 months with the preparatory period of 1 month in 25 cities with the financial outlay of Rs.180 Cr.  The proposed Mission comprises of 5 components, namely, (i) Community-led Institution Development, (ii) Financial Inclusion and Enterprise Development, (iii) Social Infrastructure, (iv) Convergence, and (v) Innovative and Special Projects, aiming to address poverty alleviation of urban poor households with focused interventions to 6 vulnerable groups such as construction workers, transportation workers, gig workers, care workers, waste workers and domestic workers The list of cities is as below:

    S.No.

    State

    City

    1

    Assam

    Guwahati

    2

    Andhra Pradesh

    Vijayawada

    3

    Vizag

    4

    Odisha

    Bhubaneswar

    5

    Puri

    6

    Rourkela

    7

    Gujarat

    Surat

    8

    Ahmedabad

    9

    Dahod

    10

    Uttar Pradesh

    Lucknow

    11

    Agra

    12

    Varanasi

    13

    Kerala

    Thiruvananthapuram

    14

    Kochi

    15

    Madhya Pradesh

    Bhopal

    16

    Ujjain

    17

    Indore

    18

    Tamil Nadu

    Chennai

    19

    Tirupur

    20

    Tripura

    Agartala

    21

    West Bengal

    Kolkata

    22

    Durgapur

    23

    Himachal Pradesh

    Chamba

    24

    Mizoram

    Aizawl

    25

    Bihar

    Patna

     

    Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, MoHUA had constituted working groups committee, members of which were from civil society, State / local bodies, research organizations, Central Government etc. for identifying vulnerable groups as mentioned above.

    The key recommendations focused on targeted interventions on key vulnerable occupational groups such as formation and strengthening their institutions, financial inclusion enabling social infrastructure and collaboration with various other ministries and line departments for accessing social security benefits.

    The pilot uses base data of National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA), besides the data identified by States, Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and in-line Departments such as data from Civil Supplies Department, Labour Department etc. for identification of urban poor.

    The motivation for pilot project is enhancing opportunities for livelihoods of urban poor as per learnings from Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana- National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM). Under DAY-NULM 1 crore urban poor households were brought into the frame of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) through institutional mobilization of which 90% are women members. Further, the Mission created 39.2 lakhs livelihoods through financial inclusion and skill training.

    This information was given by the Minister of State for Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs, Shri. Tokhan Sahu, in a written reply in the Lok Sabha today.

    *****

    Jane Namchu/Sushil Kumar

    (Release ID: 2100337) Visitor Counter : 22

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News –

  • MIL-OSI Video: Women’s rights are human rights, with Nyaradzayi Gumbonzvanda | UN Women | Awake at Night

    Source: United Nations (Video News)

    Having grown up in war-torn rural Zimbabwe, Nyaradzayi Gumbonzvanda overcame extreme hardship to pursue a career at the highest levels of the United Nations. Now UN Assistant Secretary-General, and one of two deputy executive directors of UN Women, she wants little girls everywhere to aspire to the same heights.

    “Peace is a prerequisite. It’s so critical for development… for unleashing the potential of the little girls. Peace is so important for enabling mothers, widows to give the best they can.”

    UN Women works to uphold women’s human rights and ensure that every woman and girl lives up to her full potential. In this episode, Nyaradzayi Gumbonzvanda reflects on a childhood touched by war, poverty and disease, on a lifelong love of learning, and on how a recent accident gave her a new perspective on inequality.

    [00:00] Introduction
    [01:10] Growing up in Zimbabwe amidst conflict and war
    [05:51] Family and community support
    [07:37] The power of education
    [10:16] Facing the HIV/AIDS crisis
    [14:24] Becoming the first in her family to attend university
    [16:27] Awakening to women’s rights
    [18:19] The impact of child marriage
    [21:12] A promise to her father
    [23:45] Fighting for women’s autonomy
    [25:16] What keeps Nyaradzayi awake at night
    [26:35] Life with a disability
    [27:32] Empowering survivors
    [28:44] A message to young girls
    [29:36] Closing remarks

    Listen to more Awake at Night episodes: https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwoDFQJEq_0b6hu1e8oxsch9W0D7vkNqt
    #podcast #unitednations #awakeatnight #UNWomen #womensrights

    About Awake at Night
    Hosted by Melissa Fleming, UN Under-Secretary-General for Global Communications, the podcast ‘Awake at Night’ is an in-depth interview series focusing on remarkable United Nations staff members who dedicate their career to helping people in parts of the world where they have the hardest lives – from war zones and displacement camps to areas hit by disasters and the devastation of climate change.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3cDm1iYBVQ

    MIL OSI Video –

  • MIL-OSI Video: Strengthening solidarity and inclusion for social development | DESA | United Nations

    Source: United Nations (Video News)

    30 years ago, world leaders united around a groundbreaking commitment to put people at the centre of development. At the World Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen, they pledged to eradicate poverty, promote social integration, and achieve full and productive employment for all.

    Read more: https://desapublications.un.org/un-desa-voice/feature/february-2025/strengthening-solidarity-and-inclusion-social-development

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dK-KL2EJPEw

    MIL OSI Video –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Fines for term-time holidays are at record levels – this will further erode trust between parents and schools

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Charlotte Haines Lyon, Associate Professor: Education, York St John University

    PeopleImages.com – Yuri A/Shutterstock

    Recently released government statistics show a record number of fines were given to parents for their children’s absence from school in 2023-24 in England. Of the 487,344 fines issued, 91% were for unauthorised family holidays.

    If these fines, known as fixed penalty notices, go unpaid or in some cases have been previously issued, parents are taken to court. In 2023-24, 28,296 parents were prosecuted over their children’s school attendance.

    Whether the fines have any effect on ensuring attendance is debatable. The figures show that thousands of parents are willing to book a term-time holiday anyway. But fines are certainly affecting the crucial relationship between schools and families.

    When I carried out my doctoral research between 2014 and 2016 on the relationships between schools and parents, these bonds were already quite fragile. People in my study argued that endless “dictats” from school built a “brick wall” rather than a partnership.

    Now, it’s likely that an increasingly strict application of attendance rules is further breaking down trust.

    Fines were first introduced by a Labour government in 2004 as a last resort to tackle truancy. In 2014, then education secretary Michael Gove widened the application of the fines. Local authorities were encouraged to use penalty notices for parents who took their children on holiday during school term time.

    Since Gove, education secretaries – including current education minister Bridget Phillipson – have insisted that every day matters in school, and that there are very few reasons to miss school. Holidays are seen as unacceptable.

    Since the pandemic, even more focus has been placed on attendance as persistent absence rates have increased.

    Trust between parents and school staff is very important.
    fizkes/Shutterstock

    Government statistics show a correlation between attendance and exam results. However, whether lower attendance causes lower results is difficult to prove, especially when factors such as poverty are taken into account.

    What’s more, when holiday absence has been analysed separately, this has not been found to have the same negative affect on achievement at school as other reasons for absence.

    The record number of fines issued last year came before new guidance was set in August 2024. Now, fixed penalty notices have risen from £60 to £80 for a first offence (if paid within 21 days) and to £160 for a second offence (if paid within 28 days). If parents receive two fixed penalty notices within three years, the next offence will result in prosecution. However, councils may choose prosecution earlier if they wish.

    Whereas previously there was more discretion and variance between authorities and schools, all headteachers must now consider the above approach if a child misses more than five days of school. It can only be assumed that the number of fines and prosecutions will increase.

    As a side-effect, we are seeing schools encouraged to clamp down on child illness for fear that parents are lying and are in fact on holiday. While government guidance says that in most cases a parent’s word should be enough evidence that their child is sick, it also states that evidence of illness should be requested in cases where there is “genuine and reasonable doubt about the authenticity of the illness”.

    This suggests that schools should be questioning their trust in their pupils’ parents. This is a fundamental break down of the school-parent relationship, not to mention a strain on NHS time.

    Why parents book term-time holidays

    Term-time holidays are often seen as a way for parents to book a cheaper break, as holidays are generally more expensive during school holidays. But, even leaving aside that many families may only be able to afford a holiday at all if it is taken in term time due to the cost of living crisis, the situation is more complicated.

    There are many reasons for taking holidays within school term time. Families might be visiting relatives overseas for a wedding, funeral or because of a family member’s terminal illness. Often, a school might grant one day of absence, but no more.

    Parents may be unable to take leave from work during school holidays as a result of the industry they work in. They may have family members who work away for long periods, and want to spend time together with the children when they return. They may have a child with particular needs who is unable to cope with busy holiday times, or children in different schools with different holiday periods.

    Relationship breakdown

    When a headteacher refuses to authorise such a holiday this leads to resentment from parents. Resentment like this may cause some to withdraw children from school and choose to home educate.

    There is some effort now for schools to offer support first before legal intervention for families who might have attendance issues for other reasons, such as emotionally based school avoidance. But there is little to no desire to work with families around their complex needs for holidays.

    Partnership with parents is often touted by schools as central to pupils’ wellbeing, progress and attainment. But the power in this partnership is often skewed towards the professionals.

    Parents and schools should work together for the good of children. This does not simply mean parents obeying schools; that is not a recipe for partnership. Instead, it means understanding the different contexts that families and teachers live and work in. If parent engagement is essential to wellbeing and school progress, it is not worth continuing down the road of alienation and punishment.

    Dr Charlotte Haines Lyon is affiliated with Labour Party and UNISON.

    – ref. Fines for term-time holidays are at record levels – this will further erode trust between parents and schools – https://theconversation.com/fines-for-term-time-holidays-are-at-record-levels-this-will-further-erode-trust-between-parents-and-schools-249085

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Kennedy in National Review: Work requirements would improve Medicaid—and the lives of those on the program

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator John Kennedy (Louisiana)

    WASHINGTON – Sen. John Kennedy (R-La.) today penned this op-ed in National Review arguing that adding a work requirement to Medicaid would save taxpayers money and improve the health of those on the program.

    Key excerpts of the op-ed are below:

    “Medicaid is supposed to be an investment in our country’s health and well-being. So why doesn’t the program encourage more Americans to enter the workforce and improve their physical, mental, and financial health?

    “Numerous studies have shown that human beings are happier and healthier when they are employed. Long-term joblessness is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular disease, depression, and anxiety. One study even recommended employment as a ‘critical mental health intervention.’

    “Still, taxpayers today are footing the bill for an estimated 15 million able-bodied adults without children or other dependents to receive health-care coverage under Medicaid without any obligation to get a job. Many of them are simply choosing not to work. Both the taxpayer and the Medicaid recipients themselves would be better off if the program had a work requirement.”

    . . .

    “Nearly one in four Americans is on Medicaid today. Federal and state spending on the program has nearly doubled since 2020. COVID-19 was responsible for some of the spending surge, but there has been no effort to return Medicaid spending back to pre-pandemic levels.

    “This is unsustainable. Medicaid is well on its way to costing taxpayers $1 trillion per year. Congress must find a way to get able-bodied Americans back on their feet and off Medicaid. With the right incentives in place, these Americans can leave this life of poverty and dependency to set out on a pathway toward success.

    “A person without a job is not healthy. He’s not happy. He’s not free. Who really wants to be a slave to some government entitlement program?”

    . . .

    “Medicaid is an investment in our public health. Congress should treat it that way. Adding a work requirement to Medicaid will make the United States a stronger, healthier country and remind the world that America respects the dignity of hard work.”

    Read Kennedy’s full op-ed here.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI Europe: ASIA/INDONESIA – Possible amnesty for political prisoners in Papua: Franciscans call for “initiative for a in-depth dialogue”

    Source: Agenzia Fides – MIL OSI

    JPIC Ofm Papua

    Jayapura (Agenzia Fides) – In order to manage the armed conflict that has plagued the Indonesian region of West Papua for decades, the Indonesian government, led by the new President Prabowo Subianto, is considering an amnesty for the independence rebels in Papua. The Minister of Justice, Human Rights and Immigration, Yusril Ihza Mahendra, described the proposal as “under study” and said that the government is working out the details of the amnesty plan, which would only be granted to those who swear allegiance to the Republic of Indonesia. The measure is “intended as part of the effort to resolve the conflict” and still needs the approval of the House of Representatives. Prabowo’s amnesty proposal follows a similar initiative by former President Joko Widodo, who pardoned political prisoners from Papua in 2015.Meanwhile, among the population of Papua, there is a certain skepticism about the central government’s proposal. Father Alexandro Rangga (OFM), Friar Minor and Director of the “Justice, Peace and Integrity of Creation” Commission in Papua, stressed to Fides: “It is true that the release of some prisoners imprisoned for political reasons could mean some relief for the families”. However, he recalls that “the prisoners released in the past are no longer the same: they have suffered deep trauma, some no longer speak, perhaps because of the mistreatment they suffered. It will therefore be necessary to verify the condition of the released prisoners”. In addition, there is a fundamental problem: “The government measure risks being an inadequate step if it is not embedded in a broader plan of ‘holistic’ dialogue, that is, at all levels, which fully takes into account the situation in the region and the suffering of the local population,” the Franciscan priest notes. “The people of Papua fear that this is only a consolation and that fundamental issues remain unresolved,” he notes. “We therefore call for an initiative for in-depth dialogue and the empowerment of all actors involved in order to get to the root of the problems and achieve peace,” he says.The Franciscan recalls what happened to the inhabitants of five villages in the Oksop district of central Papua, the territory of the diocese of Jayapura (see Fides, 17/1/2025). They fled to other areas at the end of November due to the deployment of military units in the area. According to the Commission of the Friars Minor, 300 people have been displaced to other villages and many others have hidden in the forest, “but according to the army and other officials, these reports are not true,” he notes. “For this reason, our Commission for Justice and Peace is now preparing a detailed report with a list of the displaced and the problems they face; we intend to present it to the Indonesian President together with the bishops and religious leaders of Papua”. According to Father Rangga, “the real problem in Papua remains open, namely the military action of the Indonesian central government to promote its policies and projects in the territory. This approach leads to suffering on the ground and a feeling of violent imposition”. Papua, the easternmost region of Indonesia, which forms the western half of the island of New Guinea, has been a place of tension since its controversial incorporation into the Republic of Indonesia by military force in 1969. Inhabited by people of Melanesian origin and rich in natural resources, the region saw a separatist uprising in the early 1970s. Despite its wealth of resources, Papua remains one of the poorest regions in Indonesia, with high rates of poverty and illiteracy. (PA) (Agenzia Fides, 6/2/2025)
    Share:

    MIL OSI Europe News –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Why Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger’s new plan to tackle extremist violence is likely to fail

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Folahanmi Aina, Lecturer in Political Economy of violence, conflict and development, SOAS, University of London

    The military-led nations of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger officially withdrew from the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas) on January 29. They had announced their intention to leave one year ago, shortly after establishing a new defence pact called the Alliance des États du Sahel (AES).

    Ecowas, which has tried to improve economic and political integration in west Africa since 1975, says it has left its “doors open” to the three departing countries. The bloc has requested that member nations continue to give the trio their membership privileges, including free movement within the region. However, relations between the AES states and several neighbouring countries are strained.

    The Sahel region has witnessed a wave of coups since 2020. One of the main reasons for the coups was concerns over the inability of democratically elected governments to address rising insecurity. Jihadist groups such as Jama’at Nusrat-al Islam wal Muslimin and the Islamic State have been vying for control of territory in the region for the best part of a decade.

    But instability in the Sahel has worsened since the military takeovers, with Mali and Burkina Faso the most affected states. In 2023 alone, more than 8,000 people were killed in Burkina Faso due to violence in the country. And around 2.6 million people across Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are currently displaced.

    The AES states have now created a joint military force of 5,000 troops to tackle insecurity in the region. On January 22, during an interview on state television, Niger’s defence minister, Salifou Mody, said the force will be deployed over the coming weeks. “The Alliance of Sahel States is our passport to security,” he said. However, the new forces’s prospects for success are slim.

    Lacking popular support

    The Sahel region has long been affected by high levels of unemployment and inequality, as well as poor governance, weak institutions and environmental degradation. These conditions have left young people feeling aggrieved, which has made them susceptible to joining jihadist groups.

    The continued use of military force to fight against the jihadists – who have been stepping up their community outreach efforts – does little to address the root causes of insecurity in the Sahel.

    At the same time, the militaries in each of the AES states have an established track record of human rights abuses. In 2020, for example, Amnesty International reported that the Malian army had carried out 23 extrajudicial executions and forcibly disappeared 27 others in sweeping military operations in the region of Segou.

    Should human rights abuses become a recurring issue within the joint force, it could erode public trust. Jihadist groups present themselves as protectors against state forces and pro-government militias. This has only consolidated their influence over the civilian population in areas under their control.

    It is also difficult to see a path through which the AES would be able to not only fund, but maintain the joint force when it becomes operational. Effective operations in swampy areas – a terrain typical of the Sahel – require specific tools and equipment, which can be costly. Troops will also require constant training and equipment will need to be maintained.

    However, the AES states are among the poorest in the Sahel region, with poverty rates exceeding 40% in all three countries. In 2022, per capita GDP in Mali was US$846 (£675), while Niger and Burkina Faso recorded US$588 and US$846 respectively. These figures are significantly below the global average of US$13,169.

    Diplomatic disputes

    The withdrawal of these three states from Ecowas further complicates the economic picture. Ecowas states accounted for more than 51% of Malian imports in 2022, and more than 21% and 13% of imports from Burkina Faso and Niger respectively. Their departure from Ecowas will make it harder for them to benefit from regional integration, despite the bloc’s call for goods to continue circulating freely.

    Disputes between military leaders and civilian governments in the region following the coups had already hit the economies of the AES states. A border dispute between Niger and neighbouring Benin, for example, has increased the cost of importing goods to Niger. Inflation in Niger increased to 15.5% in June 2024, up from 1.7% one year before.

    And over recent months, relations between the AES states and some of their west African neighbours have come under further strain. Niger’s military leader, Brig Gen Abdourahmane Tchiani, for instance, has accused Nigeria of colluding with France to destabilise his country. Nigeria’s information minister, Mohammed Idris, responded by calling Tchiani’s accusations a “diversionary tactic aimed at covering his administration’s failures”.

    The likelihood that the joint force will deliver stability to the region is, overall, low. Out of desperation, the AES military leaders will probably lean towards an even heavier reliance on Russian mercenaries to curb the threat of extremist violence.

    This might include integrating the Russian government’s Africa Corps – formerly known as the Wagner Group – into the joint force’s operations, as well as greater dialogue with China to provide much-needed resources to keep the force afloat.

    The consequence of this could be an increase in strategic competition across the troubled region, which will only diminish the prospects for peace, security and stability rather than improving it.

    Folahanmi Aina does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Why Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger’s new plan to tackle extremist violence is likely to fail – https://theconversation.com/why-burkina-faso-mali-and-nigers-new-plan-to-tackle-extremist-violence-is-likely-to-fail-248277

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: How populist leaders like Trump use ‘common sense’ as an ideological weapon to undermine facts

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Dannagal G. Young, Professor of Communication and Political Science, University of Delaware

    Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth, left, is part of a ‘revolution of common sense’ led by President Donald Trump. Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images

    It’s “the revolution of common sense,” President Donald Trump announced in his second inaugural address.

    And so it is. The latest installment of that assertion came in his Jan. 30, 2025, press conference about the Potomac plane crash. When asked how he had concluded that diversity policies were responsible for a crash that was still under investigation, Trump responded, “Because I have common sense, OK?”

    “Common sense” is what’s known to scholars as a “lay epistemology,” or how regular people make sense of the world. We don’t rely on statistical evidence or expert research while we’re buying lettuce or driving in traffic. Instead, we’re guided by direct experience, emotions and intuition.

    Because it comes from regular people and not institutions that some people deem to be “corrupt,” champions of common sense suggest it leads to a purer form of truth.

    President Donald Trump is asked how he could conclude that DEI policies caused the Potomac plane crash.

    Yet it is precisely because it comes from personal observations and intuition that research shows common sense is steeped in bias and often leads us astray.

    Populist leaders like Trump commonly celebrate common sense and attack expertise and evidence. Populism is less about being liberal or conservative than it is a way of appealing to the public. These appeals are based on a moral separation between the corrupt, bad people with cultural power and the good, pure people who hold the right values – like faith in common sense over expertise and evidence.

    And with the new Trump administration, the elevation of common sense as a virtue has been quick and broad.

    Dusty boots vs. elite credentials

    In his confirmation hearing for the position of secretary of defense, Pete Hegseth pointed to “dust on his boots” as evidence of his qualifications, in contrast to the elite credentials of past defense secretaries, who have often been Washington insiders.

    Hegseth couldn’t name members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, an alliance of countries playing a crucial role in global security. But he did show that he knew the diameter of the rounds that fit in the magazine of an M4 rifle.

    That was evidence that he was, in his words, “a change agent. Someone with no vested interest in certain companies or specific programs or approved narratives.”

    Even Meta’s announcement that it would roll back expert fact-checking on its U.S. social media platforms reflects a “lay epistemic” shift.

    Meta explained that fact-checkers, “like everyone else, have their own biases and perspectives” and that these biases had made fact-checking “a tool to censor.”

    Instead, the company would embrace a community notes model where users could provide additional information on posts, which Meta argued would be “less prone to bias.”

    “We’ve seen this approach work on X,” wrote Meta’s Chief Global Affairs Officer Joel Kaplan, “where they empower their community to decide when posts are potentially misleading and need more context, and people across a diverse range of perspectives decide what sort of context is helpful for other users to see.”

    This policy change is probably less of a shift in Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s principles than a change made out of necessity. Given Trump’s penchant for falsehoods, I imagine Meta’s previous policy would soon have proved financially and politically inconvenient.

    Regardless, the result is a populist’s dream: the demotion of formal expertise in favor of “common sense.”

    When asked whether he knew the members of a regional security alliance, defense secretary nominee Pete Hegseth was stumped.

    Common sense is ideological

    For the past two decades, the rise in social media, combined with declining trust in formal news organizations, has democratized knowledge: the sense that no one person or institution has special access to truth – not scholars with many degrees, not experts armed with scientific evidence or data, and definitely not journalists.

    In a 2020 study of public sentiment across 20 countries, Pew Research Center found that the overwhelming majority of those surveyed, 66%, reported trusting people with “practical experience” to solve problems over experts. Only 28% trusted the experts to solve problems.

    If institutions and experts are perceived as corrupt and ideological, the only truth that we can trust is what comes from our own eyes and our own minds.

    But does common sense bring us to truth? Sometimes, yes. It’s also appealing: Since our observations of the world are informed by our values and beliefs, we often see what we want – such as diversity-hiring initiatives known as “DEI” causing a plane crash, for example.

    And our intuition rarely tells us we’re wrong. This helps account for the existence of confirmation bias, which is our tendency to see and remember things that tell us we’re right. This is also why, even in those rare instances when facts change minds, they rarely change hearts. If we do update our knowledge with correct information, research has shown that our gut will still tell us our overall view of the world was right.

    Ironically, studies also show that the more a person trusts common sense, the more likely they are to be wrong.

    My research has shown that the people most likely to believe misinformation about COVID-19 and the 2020 election were those who placed more trust in intuition and emotion, and less trust in evidence and data. In addition, the more people liked Donald Trump, the more they valued intuition and emotion – and rejected evidence and data.

    So, common sense is ideological.

    When our pathway to knowledge is limited by our experiences and intuition, we’re not actually looking for truth. We’re happy with whatever answers are available, including conspiracy theories or explanations that make us feel good and right.

    We blame individuals – especially people we don’t like or identify with – for their own misfortune. We tend to think “those people should be better and try harder” instead of looking for public policy solutions to problems such as poverty or drug addiction. Without evidence and data summarizing large trends – such as cancer rates tracked through National Institutes of Health funding or ocean temperatures tracked by National Science Foundation funding – we are limited to what we can see through our own eyes and biases.

    And our limited observations merely reinforce our underlying beliefs: “My neighbor probably has breast cancer from taking that medicine I don’t like” or “Today is probably just a randomly hot day.” We’ll either overgeneralize from or downplay these limited examples depending on what our “common sense” says.

    So, when populists elevate common sense as a virtue, it’s not just to celebrate how regular people understand the world. It’s to promote a worldview that rejects verifiable facts, exaggerates our biases, and paves the way for even more propaganda to come.

    Dannagal G. Young was a co-investigator on an NIH grant that provided funding for one of the studies referenced in this piece.

    – ref. How populist leaders like Trump use ‘common sense’ as an ideological weapon to undermine facts – https://theconversation.com/how-populist-leaders-like-trump-use-common-sense-as-an-ideological-weapon-to-undermine-facts-248608

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI NGOs: MSF mobile clinics bring care to neglected region of east Ghouta in Syria

    Source: Médecins Sans Frontières –

    “Going to east Ghouta and seeing it with my own eyes was heartbreaking,” says Patrick Wieland, Médecins Sans Frontières’ (MSF’s) head of mission in Syria. “The scale of destruction is huge, people are trapped in extreme poverty, barely holding on, and in urgent need of medical care.”

    After years of neglect, east Ghouta, a region located only 10 kilometres from Damascus, shows little signs of normalcy, the streets lined with the ruins of buildings are empty of the signs of life. The people here are struggling under the strain of overwhelming economic hardship. Years of health facility closures have left huge needs for medical care, and the available services are incredibly limited. East Ghouta’s suffering is far from over and urgent support is needed now.

    Following the fall of Bashar al Assad’s 24-year rule, MSF has gained access to Damascus for the first time in over a decade. We began operating mobile clinics on 21 January, offering basic healthcare, like consultations for gastrointestinal infections. In this short time, we have seen 576 patients, including 77 children under the age of five.

    Families living in the shells of buildings

    East Ghouta was once a lush and green 110 square kilometres, filled with fruit trees and farms. After years of relentless airstrikes by the former Syrian government forces it now stands in ruins. What’s left behind of this major food producing region is destroyed land dotted with grey buildings that have been stripped of rooftops, windows, and life. Still, families are here and struggling to make do.

    “Entire families are living in the rubble of destroyed buildings that look as if they have come from the Middle Ages,” says Bilal Alsarakibi, MSF’s medical referent in Syria. “The level of negligence is unimaginable; the medical needs are huge and for people to find healthcare is a desperate race against time.”

    People are living in difficult conditions. They lack clean water, proper food, sanitation infrastructure, and heating for their homes, exposing them to many health hazards.

    A new chapter of hope

    Since January 2025, MSF has sent several teams to cities in east Ghouta, including Douma, Harasta, Zamlka, Hamoria, Ain Tarma, and Kafr Batna. Our teams are providing basic healthcare, like medical consultations and mental health support, through mobile clinics.

    We attempted to reach east Ghouta many times during the rule of Bashar al Assad. Our teams were repeatedly denied entry, which ensured that people had less access to healthcare than they desperately needed.

    “When people get sick or injured, getting healthcare is really hard, there are no ambulances and medicine is too expensive,” says Mohammed Riad, who attended a mobile clinic. “Mobile clinics are a great idea. If they were covering all the areas, it can save people a lot of trouble.” 

    Our teams are helping people suffering from different conditions, with the most common being respiratory infections, asthma, and gastroenteritis due to food contamination. We are also seeing people for non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases.

    Our teams are also assessing the overall medical and humanitarian situation in these cities. The work is currently underway to understand the depth of people’s needs after our years of absence. 

    Besieged and bombarded

    When the opposition forces gained control of the east Ghouta in 2012, the Syrian armed forces then imposed a severe siege on the area. Relentless ground and aerial bombardments targeted homes, markets and hospitals, while food, water and medicines were deliberately denied as a method of warfare. 

    A UN report shows the devastating toll on people. Between 18 February and 11 March 2018, attacks by the former government forces killed 1,100 people and injured 4,000. During the same period, shelling on Damascus city by different armed groups killed and injured hundreds more people. 

    Saving lives was everyone’s struggle

    “Due to the siege in 2013, a lot of people were injured and lost their limbs in daily airstrikes,” says Othman Al-Rifai, a resident of east Ghouta. “The doctors travelled abroad because salaries were low and until today you can see the impact.”

    Between 2013 to 2018, MSF provided remote support to Syrian medics in east Ghouta. Our teams sent medical supplies, offered financial support and provided technical guidance. Since MSF could not work in east Ghouta directly, this was the only way to help the medical teams there. 

    We supported 20 clinics and hospitals in 2013. Over the years of escalating violence, the number went down to just one clinic by 2018. The other 19 facilities were either closed or abandoned after former government forces took over the area. At a certain point, there was nothing left that we could support.

    “Today, the mobile clinics give a small sense of relief to the people who endured a lot in east Ghouta over the past years,” adds Bilal Alsarakibi. “Despite what they have seen, people are still able to smile. They have been through a lot of suffering, and they urgently need support to regain their lives.”

    MIL OSI NGO –

  • MIL-OSI Global: The ‘degrowth’ movement envisions global climate justice, but must adapt to global south realities

    Source: The Conversation – France – By Claudius Gräbner-Radkowitsch, Junior Professor of Pluralist Economics, Europa-Universität Flensburg

    It is widely accepted that human activities are the primary drivers of global warming and environmental crises, including the rapid loss of biodiversity. However, the debate over how best to address these issues is far from settled. In political circles, “green growth” – the concept of making economic activities more sustainable – has emerged as the most popular solution.

    Is green growth enough?

    The idea behind green growth is to continue expanding economies while minimising environmental harm. However, critics argue that this approach has failed to significantly curb climate change and biodiversity loss.

    Despite international efforts since the 1970s, carbon emissions have continued to rise. As the World Inequality Report reveals, nearly half of historical emissions occurred after 1990. Incremental policy changes, technological innovations and shifts in consumer behaviour have not been enough to reverse this trend. This failure has led to the growing appeal of “degrowth” – a more radical alternative that challenges the current global economic system.

    What is ‘degrowth’?

    “Degrowth” emerged in Europe, particularly in France, in the late 2000s. Philosophers such as André Gorz and economists such as Serge Latouche were among its early proponents, with researchers such as Tim Jackson later popularising the concept in the English-speaking world. They argue that the root cause of environmental destruction lies not only in human activity but also in a global economic model that has prioritised growth and profit since the Industrial Revolution.

    Initially, degrowth was a critique of Western lifestyles and notions of progress. Environmental concerns were just one part of the movement’s broader agenda. Over time, however, environmentalism has become central to the movement’s goals.

    A stenciled message in favour of degrowth.
    Paul Sableman, CC BY



    À lire aussi :
    Idea of green growth losing traction among climate policy researchers, survey of nearly 800 academics reveals

    What about the global south?

    Today, many degrowth advocates assert that the richer countries of the global north, being largely responsible for environmental degradation, should be the ones to scale back economic activity to avert ecological catastrophe. But what about the poorer countries of the global south? Should they adopt degrowth strategies? Some argue this would impose a neocolonial agenda, with wealthier countries once again dictating the terms of global development. Others note that many poorer countries need economic growth to combat poverty. And even if degrowth were limited to the north, it could still have significant effects on the south – both positive and negative.

    A review of academic literature on degrowth and the global south reveals two main perspectives: those who see degrowth as incompatible with the south’s development needs, and those who believe it could offer synergies with sustainable development goals.

    Supporters of degrowth often point out that many of its core ideas originate in the global south. Anthropologist Jason Hickel cites figures such as Sri Lankan philosopher Ananda Coomaraswamy, Indian economist J.C. Kumarappa and Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore as inspirations. While these thinkers may not use the term “degrowth”, they promote ideas aligned with it, such as the Latin American Sumak kawsay (or “Buen vivir”) or the South African Ubuntu. These non-Western perspectives have been instrumental in shaping the degrowth discourse in the global north.

    Degrowth as decolonisation

    Degrowth advocates argue that scaling back economic activity in the north could help dismantle the unequal global division of labour, in which raw materials are extracted from the south and processed into consumer goods in the north. This system disproportionately benefits wealthier nations while leaving poorer countries with the social and environmental costs. Federico Demaria, a researcher in political ecology, argues that northern countries must “pay for past and present colonial exploitation in the south” – a central theme in contemporary degrowth discourse.

    An aerial view of a gold mine in Brazil.
    Tarcisio Schnaider/Shutterstock

    Some researchers suggest that dependence on economic growth is problematic for both the north and south. They argue that growth alone does not guarantee poverty reduction – wealth distribution and institutional reforms are just as crucial. Degrowth could help both regions avoid unsustainable development models by focusing more on social well-being than perpetual economic expansion.

    Challenges for degrowth in the global south

    However, many scholars believe degrowth is unattractive for the global south. Critics argue that the concept is too Eurocentric and fails to resonate amid the specific challenges faced by poorer nations. Interviews with academics and activists in the south show that while they may agree with some of the ideas behind degrowth, they reject its language, which they see as rooted in Western thinking. Economist Beatriz Rodríguez Labajos and her co-authors suggest that researchers from the north and south should look at “strengthening potential synergies, through an assertive recognition of the barriers to doing so”.

    There is also concern that promoting degrowth in the south could be perceived as a new form of colonialism. Imposing Western notions of degrowth could prevent poorer countries from following the same path to prosperity that the north took, which often involved exploiting the resources of the south. The degrowth movement’s failure to fully address the colonial roots of economic development poses a challenge to its decolonization-oriented ambitions.

    The problem of global dependencies

    Finally, global dependencies further complicate the degrowth debate. Many people in the south rely on export-driven economies that serve Western markets. A reduction in economic activity in the north could harm populations in the south who depend on those exports.

    This interdependence presents a dilemma for the degrowth movement. Proponents argue that degrowth is not about abandoning economic activity but reforming the global trade, finance and governance systems to prevent negative impacts on the south. For degrowth to succeed, its advocates must formulate concrete proposals that address these global dependencies without exacerbating inequalities or harming the most vulnerable.

    This article is part of a project involving The Conversation France and AFP audio. It has received financial support from the European Journalism Centre, as part of the Solutions Journalism Accelerator programme supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. AFP and The Conversation France have retained their editorial independence at every stage of the project.

    We offer this article as part of the Normandy World Forum for Peace, organised by the Normandy region of France on September 26-27, 2024. The Conversation France is a partner of the forum. For more information, visit the Normandy World Forum for Peace’s website.

    Claudius Gräbner-Radkowitsch is a member of the Bündnis90/Die Grünen (The Greens) party. He has received research grants, notably from the Austrian FWF and the German DFG.

    Birte Strunk ne travaille pas, ne conseille pas, ne possède pas de parts, ne reçoit pas de fonds d’une organisation qui pourrait tirer profit de cet article, et n’a déclaré aucune autre affiliation que son organisme de recherche.

    – ref. The ‘degrowth’ movement envisions global climate justice, but must adapt to global south realities – https://theconversation.com/the-degrowth-movement-envisions-global-climate-justice-but-must-adapt-to-global-south-realities-238276

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: New survey suggests benefits system is letting down people with mental health conditions who want to work

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    Many sick and disabled people say they want to work to help boost their living standards – but aren’t given the right support, according to new data published on Time to Talk day today [6 February].

    • New survey suggests 200k people claiming health and disability benefits are ready for work now if the right job or support were available.
    • Comes as number of young people with a mental health condition who are economically inactive due to long-term sickness reaches over a quarter of a million (270,000)
    • Overhaul of health and disability benefit system set to be unveiled in Spring to ensure it provides meaningful support to help long term sick back into work

    Many sick and disabled people say they want to work to help boost their living standards – but aren’t given the right support, according to new data published on Time to Talk day today [6 February].

    New research published by the Department for Work and Pensions shows that nearly half (44%) of people with a mental health condition expect to be able to work in future if their health improves.

    This comes as the number of young people (aged 16 to 34) who are economically inactive due to long-term sickness and have a mental condition reaches 270,000. This number has been rising consistently over the past decade and has increased by 60,000 (26%) in the last year alone. The equivalent figure for all people of working-age (16 to 64) is 790,000 – an increase of 140,000 (22%) over the last year

    The Work Aspirations of Health and Disability Claimants survey also finds that a third (32%) of those claiming health and disability benefits believe they can work now or in future.  (5%) say that they would be ready now if the right job or support were available. This equates to around 200,000 individuals

    The survey also finds that those out of jobs overwhelmingly see work as a key part of their identity and a route to higher self-esteem, happiness and security.

    In further evidence that the current system pushes people away from work, the survey revealed that 50% of people who are on health and disability benefits and are not currently in work said they were worried they would not get their benefits back if they tried paid employment and it did not work out.

     It comes as the Work and Pensions Secretary Liz Kendall visits Workbridge charity which offers support to people who are unable to work due to mental ill health, to hear how they’re supporting people with mental health conditions into work.

    Responding to the stark survey results, the Work and Pensions Secretary has said the report demonstrates the need to reform the current welfare system, so that it offers better, meaningful support to give disabled people and people with long-term health conditions a real opportunity to find work.

    The upcoming reforms will be a key part of the government’s Plan for Change to boost employment by breaking down barriers to opportunity – creating a welfare system that promotes tailored pathways into work and accommodates the complex nature of disabilities and health conditions – and consequently, improving people’s living standards.

    Work and Pensions Secretary, Rt Hon Liz Kendall MP said:

    Today’s report shows that the broken benefits system is letting down people with mental health conditions who want to work.

    People claiming Health and Disability benefits have been classed by the system as “can’t work” and shut out of jobs and have been ignored – when they’ve been crying out for support.

    That is a serious failure. It’s bad for people, bad for businesses, which miss out on considerable talent, and bad for the economy.

    For young people in particular, being out of work can have a scarring effect that lasts a lifetime.

    On Time to Talk day, it’s time to change how we support people with long-term health conditions, such as a mental health condition, so that they have a fair chance and choice to work.

    On her visit to Workbridge, Kendall will speak to experts to hear their insights on how government and employers can better accommodate the fluctuating nature of people’s mental health – ensuring that people’s views and voices are at the heart of changes that affect them.

    We know that being in work has a positive effect on people’s mental and physical health – providing people with confidence and independence, as well as financial benefits.

    The UK remains the only G7 country that has higher levels of economic inactivity now than before the pandemic, with the benefits bill spiralling – largely driven by the increase in people claiming incapacity benefits for mental health conditions, who had not received the care and treatment they deserve.

    The reforms to the health & disability benefit system due to be unveiled in a Green Paper in Spring will consider these issues and how the government can tackle these barriers to employment, and the government will work closely alongside charities, organisations and disabled people to ensure their voices help shape any proposals for reform.

    The Green Paper will set key ambitions for creating a system that is fairer on disabled people – offering support into work which takes into consideration the realities of their health condition and life circumstances, and fairness for the taxpayer by bringing down the benefits bill.

    The reforms are expected to build on the Get Britain Working White Paper, which set out the first steps to achieving the government’s target 80% employment rate, driving up growth and driving down poverty in every corner of our country. 

    Successful steps have already been taken to offer work and life-changing support, with a record number of people with mental health conditions receiving employment advice through the NHS Talking Therapies programme.

    Alongside this support, the Government has settled record funding for the NHS – so that all people can get the care they need – and have pledged:

    • 8,500 more mental health staff
    • Mental health support teams in every school
    • Open-access mental health hubs in every community

    Additional Information

    Time to Talk Day is an initiative led by Rethink Mental Illness, Mind and Co-op to encourage people to talk about their mental health.

    Full results from the Work Aspirations of Health and Disability Claimants are available here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/work-aspirations-and-support-needs-of-health-and-disability-customers

    Source: The employment of disabled people 2024 – Table EIA020  Apr-Jun 24 compared to Apr-Jun 23

    Updates to this page

    Published 6 February 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Sen. Scott Shines Light on Debanking of Americans, Pledges Solutions

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for South Carolina Tim Scott

    WASHINGTON — At today’s Senate Banking Committee hearing focused on debanking, Senator Tim Scott (R-S.C.) highlighted the importance of access to financial services, citing his own story of obtaining a loan to start his small business. Senator Scott called out the Biden administration’s financial regulators who exploited their power and pressured financial institutions to cut off services to individuals and businesses. Senator Scott pledged that the committee will work to find solutions to address this issue, and he reiterated that no regulator, and no bank, is above the principles of fairness and market access.

    Senator Scott’s opening remarks as delivered:  

    Good morning and thank you all for being with us today.

    We’re here to address an issue that strikes at the core of what it means to live in a free and fair society: access to financial services. 

    Every federally legal business and law-abiding citizen deserves to be treated equally, regardless of political views or ideological leanings.  

    This is an issue that is deeply personal to me.

    When my grandfather was growing up in the Jim Crow South, banks did business with people they felt looked the right way – based on the color of their skin. 

    One’s ability to get a loan to finance their home or state a business was based primarily on the color of their skin. And in the 1940s, my mother experienced the same redlining that has been persistent, pervasive, and unfortunate for decades.

    Thankfully, our nation continues to evolve in the right direction.

    And in the 1990s, when I was starting my small business, I went to a bank and looked for an opportunity to get a loan. I’ll say, without any question, at that time as a kid growing up in poverty in a single parent household my best asset – Mr. Ricketts – was a 1990, ten-year old car with 253,000 miles. One would not consider that an asset, perhaps a liability, but it was my only means of transportation. And I will tell you, without a doubt, for me, it was an asset.

    The bank, however, helped me completely understand it was not. However, in those days someone could get a character loan, because of your time in a community, because of your relationships with local and community banks. Because of that, not only was my financial life changed, not only did my American Dream become a reality, but more importantly, my mother’s American Dream became a reality.

    We saw the strengthening confidence in our banking system, because things had changed in the right direction.

    With that loan everything seemed to get better.

    Had I not gotten that line of credit, I may not be here chairing this committee today.

    You see my story is so consistent with so many other Americans story that really reflects positively on the American Dream.

    In this country, access to credit is one of the cornerstones of building your American Dream.

    Owning a home and starting a business are challenging journeys filled with complexities, and achieving success is never a guarantee, nor should it be. 

    That’s why access to financial services is so important.

    The United States is home to a vast competitive network of banks and payment providers, creating one of the most robust and diverse financial services ecosystems on the planet. 

    It is this incredible landscape that offers countless opportunities for homeowners and entrepreneurs to build a healthy foundation and make strides toward achieving their version of the American Dream. 

    However, it is incredibly alarming and disheartening to hear stories about financial institutions cutting off services to digital asset firms, political figures, and conservative-aligned businesses and individuals.

    Under the Biden administration, we’ve seen the rise of what many are calling Operation Chokepoint 2.0, where federal regulators exploited their power, pressuring banks to cut off services to individuals and businesses with conservative disposition, or folks aligned with industries they just didn’t like – like the color of one’s skin in my family’s history.

    I wholeheartedly believe that debanking someone over their political ideology is un-American and goes against the core values that our nation was founded on. 

    Today, we’ll have an opportunity to hear from Anchorage Digital’s CEO, whose OCC-chartered bank was debanked, Old Glory Bank’s CEO, who started a bank to serve those who had been debanked, and from a legal expert with extensive experience navigating these regulatory abuses, and from a policy expert at the Brookings Institution. 

    This hearing will also examine how practices similar to the original Operation Chokepoint have persisted, despite assurances that they would end. 

    We’ll investigate the role both regulators and financial institutions have played in these harmful practices, which hurt not just businesses but also consumers and our entire economy.

    This issue should concern every American, regardless of political affiliation and that’s why I am committed a bipartisan solution to stop this form of discrimination. 

    This hearing is just the beginning.

    We are here to shine a bright light on these unacceptable practices and to hold those responsible accountable. The message is crystal clear: no regulator, and no bank, is above the principles of fairness and market access. 

    Speaking of shining a light, I was so glad to see that just a couple of hours ago, the FDIC under President Trump’s leadership released a fresh set of never-before-seen supervisory documents, which further prove that Chokepoint 2.0 was real.

    I will be going through the documents in greater detail, but rest assured for those in this room, and those watching at home, they paint a disgusting and disheartening picture of abuse. 

    As Acting Chair Hill characterized them, “these and other actions sent the message to banks that it would be extraordinarily difficult—if not impossible—to move forward [with crypto related activities].” 

    I commend the new FDIC leadership for its commitment to transparency, but it is a shame that it took an election – an election – for the agency to begin following the laws of our country.

    Thank you. I look forward to hearing from our witnesses and working with colleagues on both sides of the aisle to stop debanking and protect every American’s right to participate fully in the economy.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: Experts of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Commend Nepal on Increased Representation of Women in the Public Sector, Raise Questions on the “Chhaupadi” Practice and Women’s Right to Confer Citizenship

    Source: United Nations – Geneva

    The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women today concluded its consideration of the seventh periodic report of Nepal, with Committee Experts commending the State for increasing the representation of women in the public sector, while raising questions on the “Chhaupadi” practice affecting menstruating women and girls, and Nepalese women’s right to confer citizenship to their spouses and children.

    Hiroko Akizuki, Committee Expert and Country Rapporteur for Nepal, reading questions on behalf of another expert, commended Nepal for its recent increases in the representation of women in the public sector, increasing over the last decade from just 8 per cent to almost 30 per cent now, with targets to increase this to 35 per cent by 2030.

    Another Expert said the Chhaupadi practice forcibly exiled menstruating women and girls from their homes to menstruation huts. Although this practice had been criminalised, its practise continued, and this had resulted in the deaths of menstruating women and girls from animal attacks. What was being done in this area and in the area of period poverty? How could the engagement of men and boys be mobilised against Chhaupadi?

    A Committee Expert noted that despite recent amendments to the Constitution, many discriminatory provisions still caused immense hardship to women, girls and their families, particularly when it came to passing on citizenship. Did the State party plan to address this gross violation of women’s rights by repealing several articles in the Constitution, allowing Nepalese women to transfer their nationality to their spouses on equal terms? How would the State party enable stateless children to access social services? Were there plans to ensure universal birth registration in the State party, and to ratify the two United Nations conventions on statelessness?

    The delegation said the Government had conducted many programmes in the provinces where practices of Chhaupadi were practised. Ending traditional, harmful practices in society was not easy, and it took time to bring about change. The State had developed Chhaupadi guidelines in 2007 and was developing guidelines for the concept of dignified menstruation.

    The delegation said Nepal’s Constitution ensured that women had equal rights to confer citizenship to their children. In January 2025, the Government submitted the citizenship bill to address challenges for individuals and children whose mothers had passed away. If the father’s identity was unknown, citizenship could be granted based on the maternal line. This amendment aimed to confer citizenship to those born to a Nepalese mother outside Nepal’s borders. If the father of a child was not identified, the mother could register her family name at the birth of the child.

    Introducing the report, Nawal Kishor Sah Sudi, Minister for Women, Children and Senior Citizens of the Government of Nepal, said the State was proud to have four high-ranking women policymakers of the Government of Nepal in the delegation, as well as Ms. Bandana Rana, as a distinguished Committee Member of this Committee. Since the promulgation of the Constitution, the Federal Parliament had enacted 16 different laws related to fundamental rights, including the rights of women. The State had also made notable progress in women’s political representation and participation, with women holding 34 per cent of seats in the Federal Parliament. The Government also recently appointed its first woman Chief Secretary and the first woman Registrar in the Supreme Court of Nepal in history.

    In closing remarks, Ram Prasad Subedi, Permanent Representative of Nepal to the United Nations Office at Geneva, said the dialogue had been wonderful and constructive. The participation of all stakeholders was greatly appreciated. The Government was fully committed to upholding the Convention’s objectives.

    In her closing remarks, Nahla Haidar, Committee Chair, thanked the State party for its commitment and political will, and for the constructive dialogue.

    The delegation of Nepal was comprised of representatives of the Ministry of Women, Children and Senior Citizens; the Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs; the Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers; and the Permanent Mission of Nepal to the United Nations Office at Geneva.

    The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women’s ninetieth session is being held from 3 to 21 February. All documents relating to the Committee’s work, including reports submitted by States parties, can be found on the session’s webpage . Meeting summary releases can be found here . The webcast of the Committee’s public meetings can be accessed via the UN Web TV webpage.

    The Committee will next meet at 10 a.m. on Thursday, 6 February to consider the ninth periodic report of Belarus (CEDAW/C/BLR/9).

    Report

    The Committee has before it the seventh periodic report of Nepal (CEDAW/C/NPL/7).

    Presentation of Report

    NAHLA HAIDAR, Committee Chair, said the Committee was proud to have Ms. Bandana Rana as a member of the Committee from Nepal.

    NAWAL KISHOR SAH SUDI, Minister for Women, Children and Senior Citizens of the Government of Nepal, said the State was proud to have four high-ranking women policymakers of the Government of Nepal in the delegation, as well as Ms. Bandana Rana, as a distinguished Committee Member of this Committee. Nepal remained fully committed to the implementation of the Convention and had made substantial progress in developing a robust legal and policy framework that supported the empowerment of women and girls.

    Since the promulgation of the Constitution, the Federal Parliament had enacted 16 different laws related to fundamental rights, including the rights of women. These laws comprehensively addressed women’s rights and reflected the State’s commitment to strengthening legal protections. The Government of Nepal had commenced its sixteenth Periodic Plan (2024/25–2028/29) in 2024, which recognised the critical importance of gender-sensitive policies and prioritised gender equality and women’s empowerment as fundamental pillars of its development agenda.

    The citizenship (amendment) bill had been registered in Parliament, aiming to address citizenship challenges for individuals whose mothers had died early or were out of contact. Provisions ensured that if a father’s identity was unknown, citizenship could be granted based on maternal descent. Nepal had ratified the United Nations Palermo Protocol in 2020, and in 2024, an act to amend some of Nepal’s laws had been amended by widening the definition of trafficking to include foreigners and immigrants, and also criminalising human smuggling.

    Nepal was the second country in Asia to recognise same-sex marriage. Other legal processes, including marriage and identity cards for sexual and gender minorities, were underway. The Nepal Law Commission, an autonomous research body of the Government, was currently conducting a comprehensive study on discriminatory laws against the rights of gender and sexual minorities to initiate necessary legal reform in this regard. The State had also made notable progress in women’s political representation and participation, with women holding 34 per cent of seats in the Federal Parliament. The Government also recently appointed its first woman Chief Secretary and the first woman Registrar in the Supreme Court of Nepal in history.

    Nepal remained committed to combatting gender-based violence and had established women, children, and senior citizen service centres in 1996 as part of a dedicated unit within the Nepal Police to investigate gender-based violence cases effectively. Today, 232 fully functioning centres operated across the country, strengthening Nepal’s law enforcement response to violence against women.

    The Government provided free physical and mental healthcare services and protective measures. Currently, 94 government health institutions functioned as one-stop crisis management centres, alongside 21 service centres that served as transit homes, and 276 additional support centres. The Government of Nepal had established long-term rehabilitation centres, one at the national level and another at the provincial level. There were also 10 dedicated rehabilitation centres for victims of human trafficking and 53 community-based safe shelters, operating in collaboration with provincial governments, civil society organizations, and other stakeholders. Over 6,000 community-based networks were actively engaged in the fight against gender-based violence, reflecting Nepal’s strong commitment to protecting vulnerable groups and ensuring justice to the survivors.

    Nepal recognised the link between climate change, natural disasters, and gender equality, and had strengthened disaster preparedness to support and protect women, especially in vulnerable communities. The September 2024 floods in Kathmandu and nearby areas saw effective disaster management, ensuring shelter, healthcare, and essential services for affected communities. Nepal continued to integrate gender considerations into national climate policies to build long-term resilience.

    Nepal remained committed to ensuring justice for victims of past human rights violations, particularly in cases affecting women. The third amendment to the enforced disappearances enquiry, truth, and reconciliation commission act 2014, approved in August 2024, now explicitly included serious human rights violations in its amendment such as rape and grave sexual violence, intentional or arbitrary killings, enforced disappearances, inhumane or cruel treatment, and torture. A Special Court had been designated to adjudicate these cases and a dedicated investigative unit for sexual violence cases had been established.

    Nepal remained steadfast in its commitment to gender equality, women’s empowerment, and social justice. The State aimed to expand access to quality education for girls, particular in rural areas, enhance women’s economic independence, strengthen maternal health and gender-based violence support services, develop gender-sensitive infrastructure, and promote women’s leadership. While challenges remained, the State’s resolve was stronger than ever, and the Committee’s guidance was welcomed.

    Statement by the National Human Rights Institution

    LILY HAJUR BASNYAT THAPA, National Human Rights Commission of Nepal, said it was crucial to acknowledge progress made by the State. The affirmative actions taken by the Government of Nepal were highly appreciated. Despite constitutional guarantees, Nepal’s legal framework still contained critical gaps. Nepalese laws lacked comprehensive definitions of discrimination, particularly around direct, indirect, and intersectional forms of discrimination affecting women. While some protective measures existed, implementation remained inconsistent. A distinct legal provision with a comprehensive definition of discrimination was essential to ensure justice for women facing severe discrimination. More action needed to be taken to strengthen the institutional mechanism, the National Women’s Commission.

    The legal prohibition of entrenched harmful practices such as child marriage, Chhaupadi, discrimination against widows, and dowry, continued to persist. The Government of Nepal had expedited its efforts to amend almost a dozen laws to make them compatible with the Palermo Protocol, but it was too late to make amendments to the laws related to human trafficking. Furthermore, women often faced significant barriers in employment and migration. In sectors like tea plantations, where women constituted 80 per cent of the workforce, they lacked adequate maternity protections and faced potential wage cuts during pregnancy. Migrant women workers were particularly vulnerable, experiencing exploitation in destination countries with insufficient pre-departure training and reintegration support. Similarly, critical challenges persisted in sexual and reproductive healthcare. Rural and Madhesi women faced limited access to family planning and safe abortion services. Moreover, a deeply entrenched son preference continued to drive sex-selective practices, with statistics showing 112 boys born for every 100 girls in 2021.

    Several critical areas demanded immediate attention. Women faced substantial restrictions in conferring citizenship to children and spouses, unlike their male counterparts. Rural women had limited access to sexual and reproductive health services, and comprehensive sexuality education remained restricted. Indoor pollution where 80 per cent of rural cooking happened without ventilation, caused around 7,500 annual deaths, disproportionately affecting women. The Commission proposed several critical interventions including to enact comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation, establish robust mechanisms for women’s protection, strengthen political representation through practical measures, improve migrant worker protections, enhance sexual and reproductive healthcare access, and address systemic gender stereotypes. The Committee was urged to strongly recommend the full and immediate implementation of women’s constitutional and legal rights in line with the Convention and the Committee’s previous recommendations.

    Questions by a Committee Expert

    HIROKO AKIZUKI, Committee Expert and Country Rapporteur for Nepal, said the Committee commended Nepal for its commitment to fulfilling its obligation and participation in the exchange despite repeated earthquakes and natural disasters. What efforts had been taken to adopt comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation, including a definition of discrimination against women, in both the public and private spheres? How did the State party address cross-cutting discrimination against women, including women with disabilities, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex women, indigenous women, and elderly women, among others? What measures had been taken to ensure the effective implementation of laws? What was the status and content of the special opportunity bill? Were women’s rights organizations participating in the drafting of the bill? What measures had been implemented to enhance women’s awareness of their rights, and the legal remedies available under the Convention? Were human rights being recognised as including the collective rights of indigenous women?

    Responses by the Delegation

    The delegation said Nepal was doing its best to implement legal reforms with a legal perspective. The State had a plan for an integrated gender-based violence act, which was underway and moving in a positive direction. Nepal’s Constitution provided the framework for fighting all acts of discrimination. The State was aware that there should not be any multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination. Nepal had several special laws which provided remedy for discrimination, including the human trafficking act, the domestic violence act, the sexual harassment at work act, the witchcraft accusation act, the labour act, and the victim crime act, among others, along with the Criminal Code, which provided no room for discrimination on any ground.

    At present, there were special opportunity provisions scattered in various laws. It was expected that the special opportunity bill would soon be enacted by the Parliament. There were paid lawyer systems in the court, and more than 41,000 people received these services last year. It was required that for any lawmaking, there should be consultation with stakeholders with all three tiers of Government, to ensure a participatory approach. This would be occurring with the legal aid bill in a few weeks. In 2024, 200 young lawyers were mobilised, with 121 being women, to provide legal aid. The State had begun to have a roster of pro-bono lawyers within the Nepal Bar Association, already this year they had provided 79 victims with pro-bono support, 79 of whom were women. There was no special law concerning the rights of indigenous women, but scattered laws covered these rights.

    Questions by Committee Experts 

    A Committee Expert asked what plans were in place to provide necessary resources to implement the national gender equality policy? Were there plans to establish provincial offices of the National Women’s Commission? What measures had been taken to address recommendations of the National sub-Committee, so it could fully comply with the Paris Principles? There were allegedly issues with financing for the resources assigned to the Ministry of Women; could more light be shed on this issue? How was the budget distributed and how were the issues dealt with? How effective were the decisions taken by the National Women’s Commission? Were their decisions binding? 

    Another Expert said temporary special measures were essential for ensuring equal opportunities for women in economic and social life. Could more information be provided about the State’s gender quotas? When would a gender equality principle be implemented directly into the Election Code of Conduct? How could temporary special measures be used to mitigate specific discrimination faced by minorities?

    Responses by the Delegation

    The delegation said the Government was actively implementing the gender equality policy, but faced challenges in this regard, including a lack of resources. Financial resources were being prioritised by the plan. After the federal election in 2017, 16 parliamentary panels were formed to monitor the Government’s work. A division was responsible for monitoring and implementing recommendations from the treaty bodies.

    Recently, Nepal had been taking many steps in the area of temporary special measures. In line with the Committee’s previous recommendations, the Government had enacted temporary special measures to accelerate women’s participation at all levels, particularly in the decision-making processes. One of the most notable achievements had been the gender balance in leadership at the highest level of the Government. It was mandated that the House of Representatives needed to include at least one woman. At the recent elections of the local level, it was mandated that at least one nominee for the position of Mayor or Deputy Mayor should be a woman. In the 2022 elections, over 40 per cent of women were elected as representatives, a notable improvement from the 2017 elections. In the Office of the Prime Minister, there was a committee to facilitate the recommendations of the National Human Rights Commission.

    Nepal had seven provinces and budgets were allocated at federal, provincial and local levels. The budget at the federal level was a bit low. The proposed civil services bill had proposed initiatives for indigenous women and other minorities. The provincial services act already sought to provide for minorities.

    Questions by Committee Experts

    A Committee Expert said Nepal had a new opportunity to address historical conflicts in ways which would set an example to other countries in the sub-continent. Despite the reconciliation commission and the commission on enforced disappearances, impunity for conflict-related violations persisted. There should be no amnesty or sentence reductions for rapists. Nepal’s long awaited transitional justice law was adopted in 2024, and the Committee congratulated the State on its many positive elements. But Nepal was encouraged to go further along the women, peace and security agenda. Was Nepal providing reparations for victims of conflict-related sexual violence? Had the law been changed? Nepal was the first Asian country to safeguard the rights of sexual and gender minorities which should be applauded. Nepal’s climate-related gender-based violence was correlated to climate crisis and this should be recognised and included in climate change action plans. How could the laws in Nepal be brought in line with the United Nations treaty on cybercrimes?

    The Chhaupadi practice forcibly exiled menstruating women and girls from their homes to menstruation huts. Although this practice had been criminalised, its practise continued, and this had resulted in the deaths of menstruating women and girls from animal attacks. What was being done in this area and in the area of period poverty? How could the engagement of men and boys be mobilised against Chhaupadi? How could the Kumari practices be modernised in line with modern sciences?

    A Committee Expert took note that the State party had ratified the Palermo Protocol in 2020. When was full compliance with the Protocol expected? Would the State party consider removing a provision which allowed the judiciary to fine victims if they failed to appear in court? Was the State party planning to change the provision which conflated trafficking with sex work? What steps were being taken to ensure trafficking cases were being dealt with in an acceptable time frame? The Committee noted with concern that the Government continued to impose restrictive age bans for women under 24 seeking domestic work, making them at a higher risk of becoming victims of trafficking. Would the State consider lifting these bans. How were migrant women’s needs addressed in bilateral labour agreements? Was pre-departure training provided for women migrants on labour rights or gender specific challenges?

    No progress seemed to have been made to secure the rights of adult sex workers. How and when would the State party formulate a comprehensive policy and legislative framework to ensure the protection of women in prostitution? How would Nepal punish law enforcement officers who targeted sex workers? How would the State support sex workers in leaving the profession and seeking new forms of work.

    Responses by the Delegation

    The delegation said the Government had conducted many programmes in the provinces where practices of Chhaupadi were practised. Ending traditional, harmful practices in society was not easy, and it took time to bring about change. The State had developed Chhaupadi guidelines in 2007 and was developing guidelines for the concept of dignified menstruation.

    Nepal had ratified the Palermo Protocol in 2020, and an act amended in 2024 widened the definition of trafficking. A draft policy and action plan aimed to address several elements of trafficking, including providing for reparations for victims and training for police and judges in human trafficking cases.

    The amended law had provided specialised scope to examine the issue of sexual violence, and had provided for a special court for cases of sexual violence. The amendment included the victim-centric approach, and aimed to ensure victims were satisfied with outcomes, including reparations.

    Nepalese law did not recognise prostitution. The Nepalese police were taking legal measures to criminalise the clients of prostitutes. The State was aware of the rights of sex workers, which needed to be protected. The 35 day statute of limitations had been abolished and extended to three months. Sex workers were equally entitled to enjoy their rights under the Nepalese Constitution.

    The State was in the process of amending the domestic violence act and would consider the aspect of technology-related gender-based violence. Legal reform was not the only means to intervene in harmful practices. For example, the Government, in cooperation with civil society organizations, was dedicated to controlling the exploitation of sex workers. Public awareness campaigns were being launched in the adult entertainment sector, and multiple efforts had been made to reduce the demand for prostitution through the distribution of leaflets and other media. Collaborative efforts were being made in border areas to monitor human trafficking issues.

    The Government, in support with partners, was working to implement programmes in the provinces with regard to child marriage, including through declaring “child marriage free areas”.

    Questions by Committee Experts

    HIROKO AKIZUKI, Committee Expert and Country Rapporteur for Nepal, reading questions on behalf of another expert, said last session the Committee adopted its latest general recommendation on parity in politics. The State party was commended for its implementation of electoral quotas; however, the low numbers of representation were concerning. What measures was the State party taking to address the low representation of women, particularly from minority groups? In the 2022 election, male voters greatly outnumbered female voters. Did the State party take any measures to ensure political literacy, and engagement among women and girls, to encourage their participation in democratic processes?

    Nepal was commended for its recent increases in the representation of women in its public sector, increasing over the last decade from just 8 per cent to almost 30 per cent now, with targets to increase this to 35 per cent by 2030. Could current data on the gender breakdown of management and decision-making positions in the public sector be provided, as well as any plans in place to increase these figures? Did the State party have any data on women in board and management positions in Nepal and what was being done to increase these figures? What was being done to protect women human rights defenders in the digital sphere?

    Another Expert said despite recent amendments to the Constitution, many discriminatory provisions still caused immense hardship to women, girls and their families, particularly when it came to passing on citizenship. Did the State party plan to address this gross violation of women’s rights, by repealing several articles in the Constitution, allowing Nepalese women to transfer their nationality to their spouses on equal terms. How would the State party enable stateless children to access social services? Were there plans to ensure universal birth registration in the State party, and to ratify the two United Nations conventions on statelessness? Was there a special arrangement in the new proposed bill which addressed Nepalese women married to refugees?

    Responses by the Delegation

    The delegation said the Government had introduced many special measures to accelerate gender equality. Recently, the Government had introduced issues of intersectional disparity, with bills drafted in this regard. Currently, the level of Nepalese female diplomats was low. The Government had taken steps last year to foster inclusivity in international representation, to encourage more diverse representation in foreign engagement. Nepal’s Constitution ensured that women had equal rights to confer citizenship to their children. in January 2025, the Government submitted the citizenship bill to address challenges for individuals and children whose mothers had passed away. If the father’s identity was unknown, citizenship could be granted based on the maternal line. This amendment aimed to confer citizenship to those born to a Nepali mother outside Nepal’s borders. If the father of a child was not identified, the mother could register her family name at the birth of the child.

    Nepal’s representation of women in the public sector had significantly improved, and the Government was making efforts to improve women’s participation in the private sector.

    Questions by a Committee Expert

    A Committee Expert said the Committee had noted with satisfaction significant progress made in the field of education, particularly the act approving compulsory, free education in 2018. The Committee also noted with satisfaction the adoption of the 10-year school education plan to 2032, prioritising female education and gender equality. What measures had been taken to strengthen the institutional capacities of local Governments, including dissemination in local languages? What measures were being taken to ensure access to education for all children, regardless of their caste or citizenship status, including girls of all ethnic or religious groups? The high prevalence of child marriage in certain provinces had resulted in a high dropout rate from schools. What measures were being taken to ensure pregnant and married girls could continue their education?

    Responses by the Delegation

    The delegation said every citizen had the right to access education. Persons with disabilities had the right to free education and every Nepalese community had the right to receive education in their mother tongue. Nepal had adopted the policy of no discrimination in education, whatever the status of citizens. There were some difficulties with children who did not have citizenship, but it was hoped the citizenship bill, currently under review by parliament, would rectify this issue. The Government had to provide free textbooks and other logistic support under the act on education for all. The central Government was providing around 11 per cent of the total budget to education, with around seven per cent being allocated to local levels. This allocation had been steadily increasing over recent years.

    In 2016, the median marriage age of Nepalese women was 17.9; it had now risen to 18.3 years. There were some cases of early marriage, and the State acknowledged this. The legal age of marriage had now been raised to 20. Other measures to combat early marriage included night school, counselling programmes, and youth programmes, which contributed to raising awareness and mitigating this issue.

    Responses by the Delegation

    The delegation said the Education Act prioritised education for marginalised communities. The State strove to ensure that education was inclusive for children with disabilities. Many scholarships were provided at local levels and there were policies for providing special grants in 2025. A commitment had been adopted which aimed to eradicate discrimination in education.

    Questions by a Committee Expert

    A Committee Expert commended the State party for policies and legislation in the field of employment, including the labour act, the social security act and the five-year strategic national action plan to 2025 on moving workers in the informal sector to the formal sector. However, there were still discrepancies, including the much lower level of female employment rate, compared to males. What measures had been taken to address the low representation of women in the workforce? What was the timeline for ensuring full payment for women in all sectors? Were enhanced provisions for equal sharing of work for women being envisaged with the new national action plan?

    Women made up only around 10 per cent of migrant workers. What was the timeline to remove the ban and preconditions for women going abroad for domestic work? What protection measures were available for women from online harassment? When would the State party amend the law on sexual harassment and ensure justice for women victims and access to legal aid? How many cases of sexual harassment were prosecuted in the past two years and how many convictions were issued? What measures were envisaged to ensure equal opportunities for women and girls, including those with disabilities, in the digital economy?

    Responses by the Delegation

    The delegation said an employment service centre supported women’s participation in the workforce. Nepal had made substantial progress in reducing the wage gap and promoting equal opportunities, but challenges still persisted. Women were overrepresented in lower sectors and underrepresented in leadership positions. To address these challenges, Nepal was introducing gender responsive policies and conducting leadership training, among other measures. The Government conducted monitoring through regulatory oversight and audits, supported by trade unions and workers. Collaboration was also undertaken with partners, including the World Bank and the International Labour Organization.

    Nepal’s five-year national action plan sought to integrate vulnerable groups into the formal economy through skills training and offering opportunities for workers to formalise their employment. The social security scheme provided support to women in the informal sector and assisted them to transfer to formal employment.

    Nepal was committed to protecting all its citizens, including female migrant workers. Equal treatment policies were in place for both men and women, prioritising their security and health. Nepal was working closely with destination countries, such as the United Arab Emirates, to ensure the safety of its workers. Nepal was incorporating assistive technology to address the needs of persons with disabilities. Specific programmes were being developed to provide training and employment opportunities for persons with disabilities.

    Recently, Nepal had adopted an action plan on business and human rights, which provided a human rights friendly approach for all workers. The State was also implementing the fifth national human rights action plan, which covered employment as a major issue.

    The sexual harassment at workplace act allowed for cases of sexual harassment to be reported, and cases could also be reported to the police. However, it was hard for the Government to collect data on this topic. The safe motherhood and reproductive health act also provided paternity leave to fathers. This equally applied to the public and private sectors. The legal provisions were there but people were often not aware of their rights under these acts.

    Questions by a Committee Expert

    A Committee Expert said since the last review, Nepal had made significant progress in its health policy, particularly in sexual and reproductive health, with the adoption of the national strategy against discriminatory sex selection. However, the maternal mortality rate remained high and there were serious deficiencies in care and health centres. Some women refrained from using contraception unless they gave birth to a male child, putting them at risk of sexually transmitted diseases. The stigma around these diseases and HIV/AIDS prohibited women from seeking timely access to healthcare. What measures did the State intend to adopt to confront these challenges? What would be done to improve maternal mortality and prevent women from contracting venereal diseases and HIV/AIDS? How would it be ensured that women and girls had access to family planning and reproductive health services?

    Abortion services were not easy to obtain or affordable for many women. What would be done to ban selective abortions? What mental health and suicide prevention services were available for women in Nepal? Would the invasive treatment of intersex persons be criminalised? Would forced sterilisation be criminalised, including against women and children with disabilities? How would free, prior and informed consent for women be guaranteed, including with respect to abortion?

    Responses by the Delegation

    The delegation said Nepal had begun a vaccination programme against the human papilloma virus for all women and girls across the country. There were several programmes in place which focused on sexual and reproductive health, including the Safe Motherhood Programme and the Safe Abortion Programme. Any woman could undertake an abortion up to 12 weeks without issue. Safe abortions were available in all seven provinces of the country. The Government acknowledged the importance of mental health support for women. Healthcare providers were provided with training to offer support to women who were navigating fertility issues.

    There were inconsistencies between the sexual and reproductive health act and the Criminal Code. Because of this, the process of the amendment of the Criminal Code had been enacted, in line with the safe motherhood act. Dignified menstruation guidelines had been introduced, and work was being done to ensure the school curriculum covered sexual and reproductive health education.

    Nepal had no record of cases in regard to forced sterilisation of persons with disabilities. A social service unit programme provided access to free health services for specific groups, including women and girls with disabilities.

    Questions by a Committee Expert

    A Committee Expert said in December 2024, the National Planning Committee introduced a framework to increase access to social security programmes for those from marginalised groups. However, women in Nepal still faced significant financial challenges when it came to property ownership, obtaining bank loans, and accessing credit. Family benefits such as pensions and social security were often controlled by male family members, leaving women financially dependent. How did the Government monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of laws and policies aimed at eliminating discrimination in economic and social life? What steps were being taken to address the gaps between legal provisions and their implementation? How were women’s equal inheritance and property rights being enforced? How did the Government ensure women from marginalised communities had equal access to economic resources? What measures were in place to ensure single mothers received the social security benefits they were entitled to? How did the Government ensure pensions and other benefits reached the rightful female beneficiaries rather than be controlled by male relatives?

    Responses by the Delegation

    The delegation said Nepal had launched several programmes for economic empowerment in different areas, with different financial incentives. A programme had supported 90,000 entrepreneurs, with 70 per cent of them being women. The integrated subsidised loan scheme for women entrepreneur development aimed to enhance women’s economic empowerment.

    Questions by Committee Experts

    A Committee Expert said agriculture contributed to one third of Nepal’s gross domestic product. However, most elements within the sector remained male dominated. What measures had been implemented to ensure equal measures to credit and financial support for women? How was their financial literacy being enhanced? What was being done to introduce agricultural tools specifically for women? How was rural women’s access to information being improved? What steps were being taken to mitigate regional disparities? Indigenous women and girls, including those with disabilities, remained largely invisible. What measures had been taken to collect disaggregated data by sex, location and other factors to fully understand the challenges faced by indigenous women and girls? What was being done to recognise indigenous women as a distinct group in laws and policies, and to address their unique vulnerabilities and exclusion?

    Another Expert said Nepal was ranked among the countries most impacted by climate change. Significant rainfall had led to major challenges, including landslides and floods. Could more information be provided on the national action plan 2023? How did it address the negative impact of climate change on women? How did the plan ensure the full and effective participation of indigenous women and recognise their crucial role as caretakers and agents of change?

    Responses by the Delegation

    The delegation said different financial literacy programmes had been introduced for women in different provinces. In one programme, whenever a girl was born, a bank account was opened and the provincial government would contribute 500 Nepalese rupees a month for up to 20 years to support her education and wellbeing. A programme supported vegetable production and was making technology more accessible to women and girls. The Government of Nepal was committed to implementing the Convention. The national gender equality policy 2027 emphasised gender equality in all areas, including indigenous women. In the House of Representatives, the deputy speaker belonged to an indigenous group, and quotas were in place to ensure indigenous women’s representation in politics.

    Nepal was a victim of the climate crisis; the country protected the environment but felt the impact of climate change. Women and indigenous women were disproportionately affected.

    Questions by Committee Experts

    A Committee Expert asked who was eligible for legal aid and for what legal matters? Did legal aid include representation in court? How did women, particularly those from marginalised communities, learn about the right to legal aid? Was legal aid provided through a gender lens? What measures were in place to provide targeted support to marginalised women facing intersectional discrimination, such as sex workers, to access legal aid? Could non-citizens access legal aid in some circumstances?

    Only 52 cases of child marriage were handled by the Nepalese police in 2023. What explained the wide gap between the figures and enforcement? What was being done to protect child brides from being prosecuted? What was being done to eradicate the practice of dowry? Could the delegation clarify the status of gay marriages? How was the safety of inter-caste couples ensured? What legal measures were in place to protect the rights of women in unregistered marriages, such as polygamous marriages?

    Responses by the Delegation

    The delegation said the free legal aid act had been enacted in 1997. Under the act, low earners, victims of domestic violence, and senior citizens could receive free legal aid. The State was working to change the criteria to ensure more vulnerable groups of people could receive access to free legal aid. Legal aid services included the preparation of documents, pleading in front of the court, and different administrative services. There was no particular law to provide non-citizens with legal aid, but this was a fundamental right for everyone.

    Same sex marriage was valid but there was no legal instrument legalising these marriages yet. The State was assessing laws and how they could be reformed to better protect the rights of this community. All marriages had to be registered. There was no discrimination on the grounds of sex when it came to properties; men and women had equal rights. The dowry system had been criminalised by the National Criminal Code. Nepal was committed to having a collaborative approach with civil society and other partners to eliminate harmful practices and sensitise people at the grassroots level. This was a continuous effort.
    Closing Remarks

    RAM PRASAD SUBEDI, Permanent Representative of Nepal to the United Nations Office at Geneva, said the dialogue had been wonderful and constructive. The participation of all stakeholders was greatly appreciated. Nepal had made significant progress in certain areas, including on the Committee’s past recommendations. While there was a lack of data, there was not a lack of action. The Government was fully committed to upholding the Convention’s objectives.

    NAHLA HAIDAR, Committee Chair, thanked the State party for its commitment and political will, and for the constructive dialogue. The Committee would send specific recommendations through for immediate follow-up.

     

     

    Produced by the United Nations Information Service in Geneva for use of the media; 
    not an official record. English and French versions of our releases are different as they are the product of two separate coverage teams that work independently. 

    CEDAW25.003E

    MIL OSI United Nations News –

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: English rendering of PM’s reply to the Motion of Thanks on the President’s Address in Lok Sabha

    Source: Government of India

    Posted On: 04 FEB 2025 8:57PM by PIB Delhi

    Respected Chairman,

    I am present here to express my gratitude to the address of the honourable President. Yesterday and today till late at night, all the honourable MPs enriched this motion of thanks with their views. Many honourable experienced MPs also expressed their views, and naturally, as is the tradition of democracy, where there was need, there was praise, where there was a problem, there were some negative things, but this is very natural! Mr. Speaker, it is a great fortune for me that the people of the country have given me the opportunity to sit at this place for the 14th time and express my gratitude to the address of the President, and therefore, today I want to express my gratitude to the people with great respect, and I also express my gratitude to all those who participated in the discussion in the House and enriched the discussion.

    Respected Chairman,

    We are in 2025, in a way 25% of the 21st century has already passed. Time will decide what happened in the 20th century after independence and in the first 25 years of the 21st century, and how it happened, but if we study this President’s address closely, it is clearly visible that the President has told the country about the next 25 years and a new confidence-building speech for a developed India. In a way, this speech of the respected President is going to strengthen the resolve for a developed India, create new confidence and inspire the general public.

    Respected Chairman,

    All the studies have repeatedly said that in the last 10 years, the people of the country have given us a chance to serve them. 25 crore countrymen have come out of poverty by defeating the poverty.

    Respected Chairman,

    For five decades you have heard slogans of eradicating poverty and now 25 crore poor people have come out after defeating poverty. It does not happen just like that. It happens when one spend one’s life for the poor in a planned manner with full sensitivity and dedication.

    Respected Chairman,

    When people connected to the land spend their lives on the land while knowing the truth about the land, then change on the land is certain.

    Respected Chairman,

    We have not given false slogans to the poor, we have given them true development. The pain of the poor, the suffering of the common man, the dreams of the middle class are not understood just like that. Respected Chairman, this requires passion and I have to say with sadness that some people do not have it.

    Respected Chairman,

    How difficult it is to live under a thatched roof with plastic sheets during the rainy season. There are moments when dreams are crushed every moment. Not everyone can understand this.

    Respected Chairman,

    Till now the poor have got 4 crore houses. Those who have lived that life do not understand what it means to get a house with a concrete roof.

    Respected Chairman,

    When a woman is forced to defecate in the open, she can either go out before sunrise or after sunset after facing a lot of difficulties to do this small daily ritual, such people cannot understand what trouble she has to go through, respected chairman.

    Respected Chairman,

    We have solved the problems of our sisters and daughters by building more than 12 crore toilets. Respected Chairman, these days there is a lot of discussion in the media. It is happening more on social media. Some leaders are focusing on Jacuzzi and stylish showers in homes, but our focus is on providing water to every home. After 75 years of independence, 70-75% of the country’s population, i.e. more than 16 crore households, did not have tap water connection. Our government has provided tap water to 12 crore families in 5 years and that work is progressing rapidly.

    Respected Chairman,

    We have done so much work for the poor and because of this, the honourable President has described it in detail in his speech. Those who keep themselves entertained by having photo sessions in the huts of the poor will find it boring to talk about the poor in the Parliament.

    Respected Chairman,

    I can understand their anger. Respected Chairman, identifying the problem is one thing but if there is a responsibility then you cannot leave it after identifying the problem, you have to make dedicated efforts to solve it. We have seen, and you must have seen our work of the last 10 years and also in the President’s address, our effort is to solve the problem and we make dedicated efforts.

    Respected Chairman,

    There used to be a Prime Minister in our country, it had become a fashion to call him Mr. Clean. It had become fashionable to call the Prime Minister Mr. Clean. He had identified a problem and he had said that if 1 rupee comes out from Delhi, then only 15 paise reaches the village. Now at that time, from the Panchayat to the Parliament, there was rule of one party, from the Panchayat to the Parliament, there was rule of one party and at that time he had publicly said that 1 rupee comes out and 15 paise reaches. It was an amazing kind of sleight of hand. Even a common man of the country can easily understand to whom the 15 paise used to go.

    Respected Chairman,

    The country gave us an opportunity, we tried to find solutions. Our model is savings as well as development, public money for the public. We created the Gem Trinity of Jan Dhan, Aadhar and Mobile and started giving direct benefit, direct benefit transfer through DBT.

    Respected Chairman,

    During our tenure, we deposited Rs 40 lakh crore directly into the accounts of the people.

    Respected Chairman,

    Look at the misfortune of this country, how the governments were run and for whom they were run.

    Respected Chairman,

    When the fever rises, people say anything, but when along with it, frustration and despair spreads, even then they say a lot.

    Respected Chairman,

    10 crore such fake people who were not born, who had not appeared on this land of India, were taking benefit of various schemes from the government treasury.

    Respected Chairman,

    So that the right does not face injustice, without worrying about political gain or loss, we removed these 10 crore fake names and launched a campaign to find the real beneficiaries and provide help to them.

    Respected Chairman,

    When these 10 crore fake people are removed and the accounts of various schemes are calculated, then almost 3 lakh crore rupees were saved from going into wrong hands. I am not saying whose hands were involved, it was from the wrong hands.

    Respected Chairman,

    We have also made full use of technology in government procurement, brought transparency and today even state governments are using the Gem portal. The purchases made through the Gem portal cost less than what is usually made and the government has saved Rs 1,15,000 crore.

    Respected Chairman,

    Our Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was ridiculed a lot, as if we had committed a sin, a mistake. I don’t know what all was said, but today I can say with satisfaction that due to this cleanliness drive, the government has earned 2300 crore rupees in recent years from the junk sold from government offices alone. Mahatma Gandhi used to talk about the principle of trusteeship. He used to say that we are trustees, this property belongs to the people and therefore we try to save every penny on the basis of this principle of trusteeship and use it at the right place and only then 2300 crore rupees are coming into the government treasury by selling junk from the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

    Respected Chairman,

    We made an important decision of ethanol blending. We know that we are not energy independent and we have to import it from outside. When ethanol blending was done and our income from petrol and diesel decreased, that one decision made a difference of Rs 100000 crore and this money of almost Rs 100000 crore has gone into the pockets of farmers.

    Respected Chairman,

    I am talking about saving, but earlier the headlines of newspapers used to be, scams worth so many lakhs. Scams worth so many lakhs, scams worth so many lakhs, it has been 10 years since these scams were not committed. By not having scams, lakhs and crores of rupees of the country have been saved, which are being used in the service of the people.

    Respected Chairman,

    The various steps we have taken have saved lakhs of crores of rupees, but we have not used that money to build a palace for mirrors. We have used it to build the country. The infrastructure budget was Rs 180000 crore 10 years ago, before we came. Respected Chairman, today the infrastructure budget is Rs 11 lakh crore and that is why the President has described how the foundation of India is getting stronger. Be it roads, highways, railways or village roads, a strong foundation of development has been laid for all these works.

    Respected Chairman,

    Savings in the government treasury is one thing and that should be done as I said about trusteeship, but we have also kept in mind that the general public should also get the benefit of these savings. The schemes should be such that the public also saves and you must have seen the expenses incurred by the common man due to illness under the Ayushman Bharat Yojana. On the basis of the people who have taken its benefit till now, I would say that due to taking benefit of Ayushman Yojana, the expenses that the countrymen would have to bear from their own pockets, like this, Rs 120000 crore has been saved for the public. It is necessary that now like Jan Aushadhi Kendra, today in the middle class families, all the gentlemen are of 60-70 years of age, so it is natural that some disease or the other comes, there is also the cost of medicines, medicines are also expensive, since we have opened Jan Aushadhi Kendras, there is 80% discount and because of that, the families who have taken medicines from these Jan Aushadhi Kendras have saved nearly Rs 30000 crore on the cost of medicines.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    UNICEF also estimates that they have done a big survey of the families whose homes have sanitation and toilets, that family has saved about Rs. 70,000 in a year. Be it the Swachhata Abhiyan, the work of building toilets, the work of providing pure water, our common families are getting  huge benefits.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    I mentioned tap water in the beginning. There is a report from WHO, WHO says that because of getting pure tap water, the average family has saved Rs. 40000 on expenses incurred on other diseases. I am not counting much, but there are many such schemes which have saved the expenses of the common man.

    Respected Chairman,

    Free food grains are given to crores of countrymen, and the family saves thousands of rupees. PM Surya Ghar Free Electricity Scheme: Wherever this scheme has been implemented, those families are saving on an average 25 to 30 thousand rupees on electricity every year, there is saving in expenses and if there is more electricity, then they are earning money by selling it. That is, there is also saving for the common man. We had run a campaign for LED bulbs. You know that before we came, LED bulbs were sold for Rs. 400 each. We ran such a campaign that its price came down to ₹40 and because of LED bulbs there was saving of electricity and more light was also available and about 20,000 crore rupees of the countrymen were saved in this.

    Respected Chairman,

    Farmers who have used Soil Health Cards scientifically have benefited greatly and such farmers have saved Rs 30,000 per acre.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    In the last 10 years, by reducing the income tax, we have also worked to increase the savings of the middle class.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Before 2014, such bombs were hurled, such bullets were fired that the lives of the countrymen were shattered. We gradually moved ahead by filling up those wounds. 200000 rupees, in 2013-14, ₹200000, only ₹200000, there was income tax exemption on that and today 12 lakh rupees are completely exempted from income tax and in the intervening period also in 2014, in 2017, in 2019, in 2023, we have been doing this continuously, healing the wounds and today the bandage that was left has also been done. If we add 75000 standard deduction to it, then after 1st April, the salaried class of the country will not have to pay any income tax up to 12.75 lakh rupees.

    Respected Chairman,

    When you were working in Yuva Morcha, you must have heard and read about a Prime Minister who used to say 21st century, 21st century almost every day. In a way, it had become a memorized phrase, it had become a catchphrase. He used to say 21st century, 21st century. When it was said so often, R K Laxman had made a great cartoon in Times of India. That cartoon was very interesting. In that cartoon, there is an airplane and a pilot. I don’t know why he liked the pilot. Some passengers were sitting and the airplane was placed on a cart and workers were pushing the cart and 21st century was written on it. That cartoon seemed like a joke at that time, but later on it proved to be true.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    This was a sarcasm; it was a cartoon that demonstrated how disconnected from ground reality the then Prime Minister was that he was engaged in baseless talk.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Those who then talked about the 21st century were not even able to fulfill the needs of the 20th century.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Today when I see that I have got the opportunity to look closely at all the things that happened in the last 10 years, I feel very sad. We are 40-50 years late, the work which should have been done 40-50 years ago, and hence this year when the people of the country gave us the opportunity to serve from 2014, we focused more and more on the youth. We emphasized on the aspirations of the youth, we created more opportunities for the youth, we opened many sectors and due to which we are seeing that the youth of the country are waving the flag of their capabilities. We opened the space sector in the country, opened the defense sector, brought the semiconductor mission, we gave shape to many new schemes to promote innovation, completely developed the Startup India ecosystem and in this budget also, respected Chairman ji, a very important decision has been taken. Income tax exemption on income of Rs 12 lakh, this news became so big that many important things have still not been noticed by some people. That important decision has been taken; we have opened up the nuclear energy sector and the country is going to see its far-reaching positive impacts and results.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    We are also among those who are making efforts to discuss AI, 3D printing, robotics, virtual reality and what is the significance of gaming. I have told the youth of the country that why should India not become the gaming capital of the world and the creativity capital of the world and I see that our people are working very fast. Some people use this word when it is in fashion, but for me there is no single AI, there is double AI, India has double strength, one AI is Artificial Intelligence and the other is AI Aspirational India. We started 10000 tinkering labs in schools and today the children coming out of those tinkering labs are surprising people by making robotics and in this budget, provision has been made for 50000 new tinkering labs. India is a country about whose India AI mission the whole world is very optimistic and India’s presence has gained an important place in the world’s AI platform.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    In this year’s budget, we have talked about investment in the domain of deep tech and I believe that in order to move ahead at a fast pace in deep tech and the 21st century being a completely technology driven century, it is necessary for us that India moves ahead very fast in the field of deep tech.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    We are constantly working keeping the youth’s future in mind, but there are some parties that are constantly cheating the youth. These parties will give this allowance or that allowance during elections, they make promises but do not fulfill them.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    These parties have become a disaster for the future of the youth. 

    Respected Chairman,

    The country has just seen in Haryana how we work. We had promised jobs without any expenditure and without any slips. As soon as the government was formed, the youth got jobs. This is the result of what we say.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Grand victory for the third time in Haryana and victory for the third time in the history of Haryana, this is a historic event in itself.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Historical result in Maharashtra too, blessings of the people, for the first time in the history of Maharashtra the ruling party has so many seats, we have achieved this with the blessings of the people.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    In his address, the Honourable President has also discussed in detail the completion of 75 years of our Constitution.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Apart from the clauses in the constitution, there is also a spirit of the constitution and to strengthen the constitution, the spirit of the constitution has to be lived and today I want to explain this with examples. We are the people who live the constitution.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    It is true that in our country, when the President addresses the House, he gives details of the government’s tenure for that year. Similarly, in the state, when the Governor addresses the House, he gives details of the activities of that state. What is the spirit of the Constitution and democracy? When Gujarat completed 50 years, we were celebrating its Golden Jubilee Year and luckily I was serving as the Chief Minister at that time, we took an important decision. We decided that in this Golden Jubilee Year, all the speeches of the Governors in the House in the last 50 years, that is, the governments of that time are praised in it. We said that all the speeches of the Governors in those 50 years should be prepared in the form of a book, a treatise should be made and today that treatise is available in all the libraries. I was from BJP, in Gujarat, there were mostly Congress governments. There were speeches of the governors of those governments, but the job of making them famous was being done by the BJP, this Chief Minister from the BJP, why? We know how to live the Constitution. We are dedicated to the Constitution. We understand the spirit of the Constitution.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    You know that when we came in 2014, there was no honourable opposition. There was no Recognised Opposition Party. No one had come with even that many marks. There were many laws in India that had complete freedom to work according to those laws, there were many committees in which it was written that the Leader of the Opposition would be in them. But there was no opposition, there was no Recognised Opposition. This was our nature of living the Constitution, this was the spirit of our Constitution, this was our intention to follow the limits of democracy, we decided that even though there would not be an honourable opposition, there would not be a Recognised Opposition, but the leader of the largest party would be called in the meetings. This is the spirit of democracy, it happens then. Committees of the Election Commission, respected Mr Chairman,earlier the Prime Minister used to file it and issue it, it is we who have included the Leader of Opposition in it and we have also made a law for it and today when the Election Commission will be formally formed, the Opposition Leader will also be a part of its decision making process, we do this work. And I have already done this, we do it because we live the Constitution.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    You will find many places in Delhi where some families have built their own museums. The work is being done with the money of the people, what is the spirit of democracy, what is it called living the Constitution, we built the PM Museum and the life and work of all the Prime Ministers of the country from the first to my predecessors have been made in that PM Museum and I would like that the families of the great men who are in this PM Museum should take out time to see that museum and if they feel like adding something to it, then they should draw the attention of the government so that the museum is enriched and inspires the new children of the country, this is the spirit of the Constitution! Everyone does everything for themselves, the group of people who live for themselves is not very small, people who live for the Constitution are sitting here.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    When power becomes service, nation building happens. When power is made a legacy, democracy ends.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    We follow the spirit of the Constitution. We don’t do politics of poison. We give utmost importance to the unity of the country and that is why we build the world’s tallest statue of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and we remember the great man who worked to unite the country with the Statue of Unity and he was not from the BJP, he was not from the Jan Sangh. We live the Constitution, that is why we move forward with this thinking.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    It is the misfortune of the country that these days some people are openly speaking the language of urban Naxals and the things that urban Naxals say, like taking on the Indian State, these people who speak the language of urban Naxals and declare war against the Indian State can neither understand the Constitution nor the unity of the country.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    For seven decades, Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh were deprived of the rights of the Constitution. This was injustice to the Constitution and also injustice to the people of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. We broke the wall of Article 370, now the citizens of those states of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh are getting the rights that the countrymen have and we know the importance of the Constitution, we live by the spirit of the Constitution, that is why we take such strong decisions.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Our Constitution does not give us the right to discriminate. Those who live with the Constitution in their pockets do not know what kind of problems you forced Muslim women to live in. We have worked to give rights to Muslim daughters in accordance with the spirit of the Constitution by abolishing triple talaq, and have given them the right to equality. Whenever there has been an NDA government in the country, we have worked with a long vision. I don’t know what kind of language is being used to divide the country, I don’t know how far frustration and disappointment will take them, but what is our thinking, in which direction do the NDA partners think, for us, we pay more attention to what is behind, what is last and what Mahatma Gandhi had said and the result of that is that even if we create ministries, then which ministry do we create, we create a separate ministry for the North-East. We have been in the country for so many years, till Atal ji came, no one understood, he kept giving speeches, NDA created a separate ministry for the tribals.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Our southern states are connected to the sea coast. Many states in our east are connected to the sea coast. Fisheries work and fishermen are a very large part of the society there. They should also be taken care of and in the areas where there is a small amount of water inside the land, there are fishermen from the last section of the society too. It is our government which has created a separate ministry for fisheries.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    The downtrodden and deprived people of the society have a potential within them, if emphasis is laid on skill development, new opportunities can be created for them. Their hopes and aspirations can create a new life and hence we created a separate Skill Ministry.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    The first duty of democracy in the country is that we should give power to the common man and keeping this in mind, there is an opportunity to connect crores of people of the country to make the cooperative sector of India more prosperous and healthy. The cooperative movement can be increased in many areas and keeping this in mind, we have created a separate cooperative ministry. What is the vision is known here.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Talking about caste has become a fashion for some people. For the last 30 years, the MPs from the OBC community who have been coming to the House for the last 30 years, have been demanding for the last 30-35 years that the OBC Commission be given constitutional status by rising above party differences. Those who see profit in casteism today, did not remember the OBC community at that time, it is us who gave constitutional status to the OBC community. The Backward Classes Commission is included in the constitutional system today.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    We have worked very strongly in the direction of providing maximum opportunities to SC, ST and OBC in every sector. Today, through this House, I want to put forth an important question before the countrymen and Mr. Speaker, the countrymen will surely ponder over this question of mine and will also discuss it at crossroads. Someone please tell me, has there ever been three SC MPs from the same family in the Parliament at the same time? Have there ever been three SC MPs from the same family? I want to ask another question, can someone please tell me whether there have ever been three ST MPs from the same family in the Parliament at the same time and in the same period?

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    I got the answer to one of my questions about the difference between the speech and behavior of some people. The difference is like the difference between the earth and the sky, the difference is like the difference between night and day.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    How are we empowering SC ST society? Respected Chairman, I will give you an example of how the welfare of the deprived society is done while maintaining the spirit of unity without creating tension in the society. Before 2014, the number of medical colleges in our country was 387. Today there are 780 medical colleges. Now that the number of medical colleges has increased, the seats have also increased. This is a very important angle, Respected Chairman, and hence the colleges have increased and the seats have also increased. Before 2014, the MBBS seats for SC students in our country were 7700. Before we came, there was a possibility of 7700 youth from Dalit society becoming doctors. We worked for 10 years, today the number has increased and arrangements have been made for 17000 MBBS doctors of SC society. Where is 7700 and where is 17000, if there is any welfare of Dalit society and if there is no tension in the society while increasing the respect of each other.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Before 2014, there were 3800 MBBS seats for ST students. Today this number has increased to around 9000. Before 2014, there were less than 14000 MBBS seats for OBC students. Today their number has increased to around 32000. 32000 MBBS doctors will be made from OBC community.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    In the last 10 years a new university has been established every week, a new ITI has been built every day, a new college has opened every 2 days, just imagine how much growth has taken place for our SC, ST, OBC young men and women.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    We are behind every scheme- 100% saturation, implement it 100%, the beneficiaries should not be left out, we are working in that direction. First of all, we want that the one who is entitled to it should get it, if there is a scheme, then it should reach him, the game of 1 rupee 15 paise cannot work. But what some people did is that they made a model that gave to only a few people and torment others and did the politics of appeasement. To make the country a developed India, we will have to get rid of appeasement. We have chosen the path of satisfaction, not appeasement, and we are walking on that path. Every society, every class of people should get what is their right without any discrimination, this is satisfaction and according to me when I talk about 100% saturation, it means that it is actually social justice. This is actually secularism and in fact it is respect for the constitution.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    The spirit of the Constitution is that everyone should get better health and today is also Cancer Day. Today, a lot of discussions are going on about health in the country and the world. But there are some people who are creating obstacles in providing health services to the poor and the elderly and that too due to their political interests. Today, 30,000 hospitals in the country and good specialized private hospitals are associated with Ayushman. Where Ayushman card holders get free treatment. But some political parties, due to their narrow mindset, due to bad policies, have kept the doors of these hospitals closed for the poor and cancer patients have suffered the loss. Recently, a study by the public health journal Lancet has come out, which says that cancer treatment is starting on time with the Ayushman scheme. The government is very serious about cancer detection. Because the sooner the detection is done, the sooner the treatment starts, we can save the cancer patient and Lancet has given credit to the Ayushman scheme and said that a lot of work has been done in this direction in India.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    In this budget too, we have taken a very important step towards making cancer medicines cheaper. Not only this, an important decision has been taken in the coming days and since today is Cancer Day, I would definitely like to say that all the honourable MPs can take advantage of this for such patients in their area, and that is the patients, you know that due to lack of enough hospitals, patients coming from outside face a lot of problems, a decision has been taken in this budget to build 200 day care centers. These day care centers will provide great relief to the patient as well as his family.

    Respected Mr President,

    While discussing the speech of the President, foreign policy was also discussed and some people feel that unless they talk about foreign policy, they do not look mature, so they feel that foreign policy should be talked about even if it causes loss to the country. I want to tell such people, if they are really interested in foreign policy subject and want to understand foreign policy and want to do something in future, I am not saying this for Shashi ji, so I would tell such people to definitely read a book, maybe they will understand what to say where, the name of that book is JFK’s forgotten crisis. It is about JF Kennedy. It is a book named JFK’s forgotten crisis. This book has been written by a famous foreign policy scholar and important events are mentioned in it. This book also mentions the first Prime Minister of India and he also led the foreign policy. This book also describes in detail the discussions and decisions taken between Pandit Nehru and the then President of America, John F. Kane. When the country was facing a lot of challenges, what game was going on in the name of foreign policy then, is now coming to light through that book and so now I would say that please read this book.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    After the President’s speech, it is your wish if a woman President, daughter of a poor family, could not be respected, but she is being insulted by all sorts of things being said. I can understand political frustration and disappointment, but what is the reason against a President, what is the reason.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Today India is moving ahead by leaving this kind of distorted mentality and thinking behind and following the mantra of women led development. If half of the population gets full opportunity, then India can progress at twice the speed and this is my belief, after working in this field for 25 years my belief has become stronger.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    In the last 10 years, 10 crore new women have joined Self Help Groups (SHGs), and these women are from underprivileged families, from rural backgrounds. The strength of these women sitting at the bottom of the society has increased, their social status has also improved and the government has increased their assistance to Rs 20 lakh, so that they can take this work forward. We are making efforts in this direction to increase their work capacity, increase its scale and today it is having a very positive impact on the rural economy.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    The President has discussed the Lakhpati Didi Abhiyan in his speech. According to the information registered so far after the formation of our new government for the third time, we have received information about more than 50 lakh Lakhpati Didis and since I have taken this scheme forward, till now about 1.25 crore women have become Lakhpati Didis and our target is to make three crore women Lakhpati Didis and for this, emphasis will be laid on economic programs.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Today, Drone Didi is being discussed in many villages of the country, a psychological change has come in the village, seeing a woman flying a drone in her hand, the villagers’ view of women is changing and today Namo Drone Didi has started earning lakhs of rupees by working in the fields. Mudra Yojana is also playing a very important role in the empowerment of women. Crores of women have stepped into the industry for the first time with the help of Mudra Yojana and have come into the role of industrialists.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Out of the houses given to 4 crore families, approximately 75 percent of the houses are owned by women.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    This change is laying the foundation of a strong India of the 21st century. Respected Speaker, the goal of developed India is the rural economy, without strengthening it we cannot build a developed India and therefore we have tried to touch every sector of the rural economy and we know that agriculture is very important in the rural economy. Our farmers are a strong pillar among the four pillars of developed India. In the last decade, the budget for agriculture has been increased 10 times. Let me tell you about the period after 2014 and this is a very big jump.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Those who talk about farmers here today, before 2014, they used to be beaten up for asking for urea. They had to stand in queues all night and that was the time when fertilizers were issued in the name of farmers, but did not reach the fields, somewhere else in black millet and the game of sleight of hand of 1 rupee and 15 paise was going on. Today farmers are getting enough fertilizers. The great crisis of Covid came, the entire supply chain got disturbed, the prices in the world increased unreasonably and the result was that because we are dependent on urea, we have to import it from outside, today for the Indian government  a bag of urea costs ₹ 3000, the government has borne the burden and has given it to the farmer at a price less than 300, less than 300 rupees. We are continuously working to ensure that the farmer gets maximum benefit.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    In the last 10 years, 12 lakh crore rupees have been spent to ensure that farmers get cheap fertilizers. Around 3.5 lakh crore rupees have been transferred directly to farmers’ accounts through PM Kisan Samman Nidhi. We have also increased the MSP on a record basis and have procured three times more in the last decade than before. Farmers should get loans, easy loans, cheap loans, and that too has increased three times. Earlier, farmers were left to fend for themselves during natural calamities. During our tenure, farmers have received 2 lakh crore rupees under PM Fasal Bima.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Unprecedented steps have been taken for irrigation in the last decade and it is unfortunate that those who talk about the Constitution do not have much knowledge. Very few people would know that in our country, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar’s vision regarding water schemes was so clear, so comprehensive and so inclusive that it inspires us even today. We launched a campaign to complete more than 100 irrigation projects that were pending for decades, so that water reaches the farmers’ fields. Babasaheb’s vision was to link rivers, Babasaheb Ambedkar advocated linking of rivers. But for years, decades passed, nothing happened. Today we have started work on the Ken-Betwa Link Project and the Parvati-Kalisindh-Chambal Link Project and I have also had a successful experience of working to revive extinct rivers by linking many rivers in Gujarat in this way.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    This should be the dream of every citizen of the country. It should be the dream of all of us that there should be Made in India food packets on every dining table in the world. Today I feel happy when along with Indian tea, our coffee is also spreading its fragrance in the world. It is making a splash in the markets. Even our turmeric has seen the highest demand after Covid.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    You will definitely see that in the coming times, our processed seafood and the Makhana of Bihar, which some people are worried about and don’t know when and why, is going to reach the world. Our coarse grain i.e. Shri Anna, will also increase the prestige of India in the world markets.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Future Ready cities are also very important for a developed India. Our country is rapidly moving towards urbanisation and this should not be considered a challenge or a crisis. It should be considered an opportunity and we should work in that direction. Expansion of infrastructure leads to expansion of opportunities. Where connectivity increases, possibilities also increase. The first Namo Rail connecting Delhi-UP was inaugurated and I also got the opportunity to travel in it. Such connectivity, such infrastructure should reach all the major cities of India, this is our need in the coming days and our direction.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    Delhi’s network has doubled and today the metro network is reaching tier-2 and tier-3 cities as well. Today we can all be proud that India’s metro network has crossed 1000 km and not only this, work is currently underway on another 1000 km. That means we are progressing so fast.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    The Government of India has taken many initiatives to reduce pollution. We have started running 12 thousand electric buses in the country and have also done a great service to Delhi. We have given this to Delhi as well.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    A new economy has always been expanding from time to time in our country. Today, the Gig Economy is developing as an important area in big cities. Lakhs of youth are joining it. We have said in this budget that labour! Such Gig workers should register themselves on the e-Shram portal and after verification, how can we help them in this new age service economy and they should get an ID card after coming on the e-Shram portal and we have said that these Gig workers will also be given the benefit of Ayushman Yojana so that Gig workers will  move in the right direction and it is estimated that today there are about one crore Gig workers in the country and we are also working in that direction.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    The MSME sector brings a huge number of job opportunities and this is a sector that has immense employment potential. These small industries are a symbol of self-reliant India. Our MSME sector is making a huge contribution to the country’s economy. Our policy is clear, simplicity, convenience and support to MSMEs is a sector that has employment potential and this time we have emphasized on Mission Manufacturing and in a Mission Mode, we are moving forward by giving emphasis to the entire ecosystem of manufacturing sector i.e. giving strength to MSMEs and giving employment to many youth through MSMEs and preparing youth for employment through skill development. We have started working on many aspects to improve the MSMEs sector. The criteria for MSMEs was made in 2006, it was not updated. In the last 10 years, we have tried to upgrade this criteria twice and this time we have taken a very big jump. For the first time in 2020, for the second time in this budget, we have tried to promote MSMEs. They are being given financial assistance everywhere.

    The challenge before MSMEs has been the lack of formal financial resources. During the Covid crisis, MSMEs were given a special emphasis. We have given special emphasis to the toy industry. We gave special emphasis to the textile industry, did not let them face cash-flow shortage and gave loans without any guarantee. Possibilities of lakhs of jobs were created in thousands of industries and jobs were also secured. 

    For small industries, we took steps in the direction of Customised Credit Card, Credit Guarantee Coverage, due to which their Ease of Doing Business also got a boost and by reducing unnecessary rules, their administrative burden, they had to pay one or two people for work, that too was stopped. You will be happy to know that we have made new policies to promote MSMEs, there was a time before 2014, we used to import things like toys, today I can proudly say that the small toy-making industries of my country are exporting toys to the world today and there has been a huge decline in imports. There has been an increase of about 239 percent in exports. There are many sectors run by MSMEs that are making their mark across the world. Made in India clothes, electronics, electrical scouts’ goods are today becoming a part of the lives of other countries.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    The country is moving ahead to fulfill the dream of a developed India and is moving ahead with great confidence. The dream of a developed India is not a government dream. It is the dream of 140 crore countrymen and now everyone has to give as much energy as they can to this dream and there are examples in the world, in a period of 20-25 years many countries of the world have shown that they have become developed, so India has immense potential. We have demography, democracy, demand, why can’t we do it? We have to move ahead with this confidence and we are also moving ahead with the dream that by 2047, when the country will become independent, it will be 100 years of independence and by then we will become a developed India.

    And Honorable Chairman,

    I say with confidence that we have to achieve bigger goals and we will achieve them and Honorable Speaker, this is only our third term. As per the requirement of the country, we are going to remain dedicated for many years to come to build a modern India, a capable India and to realize the resolution of a developed India.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    I appeal to all the parties, I appeal to all the leaders, I appeal to the countrymen, everyone has their own political ideologies, their own political programs, but nothing can be bigger than the country. The country is paramount for all of us and together we will fulfill the dream of a developed India, the dream of 140 crore countrymen is also our dream where every sitting MP is working to fulfill the dream of a developed India.

    Respected Mr Chairman,

    While expressing my gratitude for the President’s speech, I also express my gratitude to you and the House. Thank you!

     

    DISCLAIMER: This is the approximate translation of PM’s speech. Original speech was delivered

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News –

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: Aga Khan IV ‘Dedicated His Life to Improving Quality of Life for Millions around World’, Says Secretary-General, Expressing Profound Sadness at Imam’s Passing

    Source: United Nations General Assembly and Security Council

    The following statement was issued today by the Spokesman for UN Secretary-General António Guterres:

    The Secretary-General expresses his profound sadness at the passing of the Aga Khan IV, a global spiritual leader, philanthropist and advocate for peace, development and pluralism.  For decades, the Aga Khan dedicated his life to improving the quality of life for millions around the world, particularly in the most vulnerable communities, through his unwavering commitment to humanitarian work, education and cultural preservation.

    The Aga Khan’s leadership extended beyond his role as the Imam of the Shia Ismaili Muslims.  He was a bridge-builder between cultures and faiths, promoting mutual understanding and respect in an increasingly interconnected world.  His efforts to address poverty, advance gender equality and foster sustainable development have left an indelible mark on the global community.

    The United Nations recognizes the Aga Khan’s invaluable contributions to the advancement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and his partnership with the UN in addressing some of the world’s most pressing challenges.

    The Secretary-General extends his deepest condolences to the Aga Khan’s family, the Ismaili community, and all those who were touched by his vision, compassion and leadership.

    MIL OSI United Nations News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Cantwell Takes to Senate Floor to Oppose Trump’s Trade Philosophy: No to Tariffs, Yes to Innovation, Collaboration & Growth

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for Washington Maria Cantwell

    02.05.25

    Cantwell Takes to Senate Floor to Oppose Trump’s Trade Philosophy: No to Tariffs, Yes to Innovation, Collaboration & Growth

    In speech on Senate floor, Cantwell advocates for new U.S. trade agreements with Southeast Asia, the Middle East, & the Americas to strengthen ties with allies & grow the economy at home; Cantwell slams proposed Trump tariffs: “The payers in this dispute are never the government leaders … it’s the workers who lose their job.”

    WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today, U.S. Senator Maria Cantwell (D-WA), the ranking member of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, delivered a speech on the Senate floor calling for the United States to establish new trade agreements with Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America – and to repudiate the trade philosophy of President Donald Trump, whose proposed tariffs on goods from Canada, Mexico, and China would spark a trade war, drive up costs for American consumers, harm domestic businesses across hundreds of industries, and compromise the United States’ global leadership in the free trade ecosystem.

    “It’s better to have a job than be attracted to join a terrorist organization. It’s better to create economic stability than fueling poverty and migration […] Last week, I spoke about additional investments the United States needs to make in Panama, Latin America, and others, to link and modernize bilateral agreements that help us counter China,” Sen. Cantwell said. “Free trade agreements are a way for us — not tariffs — to gain the leverage we want. South Asia could play an important role in this coalition building, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region. But I want us to go further. I want us to understand that U.S.-led negotiations in a Middle East free trade agreement to build on the momentum of a ceasefire in Gaza could further stabilize that region.”

    In her speech, Sen. Cantwell railed against President Donald Trump’s tariff’s proposal, likening his isolationist trade policies to an attempt to make time stand still – a futile goal at any point, but especially during the modern information age, when countries are more interconnected than ever and the United States is locked in an innovation race in artificial intelligence and quantum technology. She also called on the United States to invest in its workforce, research & development, science, and capital investment to modernize its manufacturing and stay competitive.

    “To outcompete our adversaries, we need coalitions, not go-it-alone strategies. Why do we fear this if we think our principles are correct? But somehow the current administration thinks that we’ve been hurt more than we’ve been helped in this global equation, and they want us to believe that somehow there is a win-win situation on tariffs that they can deliver on,” Sen. Cantwell said.

    “Tariffs are a distortion of markets. Tariffs mean we disagree. It very rarely means the disagreement will be resolved quickly. It usually means people will retaliate, and the escalation of that retaliation will hurt consumers so much so that eventually someone will blink,” she continued. “The payers in this dispute, though, are never the government leaders. No, it’s the workers who lose their job. It’s the family that pays higher cost. It’s the community that loses their economic activity and tax revenue.”

    In Washington state: Two out of every five jobs are tied to trade and related industries. In 2023, the state imported $19.9 billion of goods from Canada – primarily oil, gas, lumber, and electrical power — making our northern neighbors Washington state’s largest trade partner. Also in 2023, the state imported $1.7 billion in goods from Mexico, including motor vehicles, vehicle parts, and household appliances. More information about how President Trump’s proposed tariffs will impact businesses and consumers in the State of Washington is HERE.

    Sen. Cantwell has remained a steadfast supporter of free trade to grow the economy in the State of Washington and nationwide. Sen. Cantwell was the leading voice in negotiations to end India’s 20% retaliatory tariff on American apples, which devastated Washington state’s apple exports.  India had once been the second-largest export market for American apples, but after then-President Trump imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum in his first term, India imposed retaliatory tariffs in response and U.S. apple exports plummeted.  The impact on Washington apple growers was severe:  apple exports from the state dropped from $120 million in 2017 to less than $1 million by 2023.  In September 2023, India ended its retaliatory tariffs on apples and pulse crops following several years of Sen. Cantwell’s advocacy, which was welcome news to the state’s more than 1,400 apple growers and the 68,000-plus workers they support.

    In May 2023, Sen. Cantwell sent a letter urging the Biden Administration to help U.S. potato growers finally get approval to sell fresh potatoes in Japan. In June 2023, Sen. Cantwell hosted U.S. Sen. Debbie Stabenow (D-MI), then-chair of the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, in Washington state for a forum with 30 local agricultural leaders in Wenatchee to discuss the Farm Bill.

    In 2022, Sen. Cantwell spearheaded passage of the Ocean Shipping Reform Act, a law to crack down on skyrocketing international ocean shipping costs and ease supply chain backlogs that raise prices for consumers and make it harder for U.S. farmers and exporters to get their goods to the global market.

    In August 2020, during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, Sen. Cantwell sent a letter to then-Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue requesting aid funds be distributed to wheat growers. In December 2018, Sen. Cantwell celebrated the passage of the Farm Bill, which included $500 million of assistance for farmers, including those who grow wheat.

    In 2019, Sen. Cantwell helped secure a provision in the $16 billion USDA relief package, ensuring sweet cherry growers could access emergency funding to offset the impacts of tariffs and other market disruptions.

    Video of today’s speech is available HERE; and a transcript of Sen. Cantwell’s remarks is available HERE.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: IMF Executive Board Concludes 2024 Article IV Consultation with Chile

    Source: IMF – News in Russian

    February 5, 2025

    Washington, DC: The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation[1] with Chile on February 3, 2025 and endorsed the staff appraisal without a meeting on a lapse-of-time basis.[2]

    The economy’s imbalances have been largely resolved. Real GDP is expected to expand by 2.2 percent in 2024, close to its potential pace, driven by the strong mining and service exports, and 2-2.5 percent in 2025, related to an expected recovery in domestic demand. However, the recovery has been uneven across industries, with the construction sector lagging and the unemployment rate remaining high. Inflation is set to return to the 3-percent target in early 2026, after the impact of the significant increase in electricity tariffs between June 2024 and early 2025 subsides. The current account deficit has continued to narrow and is projected to reach around 2½ percent of GDP in 2024 and 2025.

    External risks and uncertainty remain elevated. The commodity price volatility linked to the economic outlook of Chile’s main trading partners and the pace of the global green transition is a key external risk. Moreover, the uncertainty surrounding monetary and fiscal policies in advanced economies could lead to tight financial conditions for longer periods of time and higher financial volatility. Domestically, concerns about crime, migration, and inequality persist; and political polarization is hindering the structural reform progress.

    Policies have supported macroeconomic stability. The Central Bank of Chile lowered the monetary policy rate by 325 basis points since January 2024 to 5 percent in December 2024. The headline fiscal deficit is projected to reach 2.7 percent of GDP in 2024 due to a notable revenue underperformance and despite significant spending restraint compared to the budget. The 2025 budget envisions a notable deficit reduction within a medium-term fiscal plan toward a broadly balanced fiscal position by 2027. By setting the neutral level of the countercyclical capital buffer at 1 percent of risk-weighted assets with a gradual and state-contingent implementation path from the current level of 0.5 percent, the Central Bank of Chile has provided banks with planning certainty for strengthening financial resilience.

    Executive Board Assessment

    The economy is broadly balanced but external risks are elevated. Chile’s macroeconomic position is sound due to its very strong fundamentals, policies, and policy frameworks. Real GDP is growing around its potential and inflation is expected to reach the 3-percent target in early 2026. The current account deficit has continued to narrow, and the 2024 external position is assessed as moderately weaker than implied by medium-term fundamentals. Public debt is still relatively low and sustainable with high probability. However, the external environment is unstable and uncertain, which calls for policies that further strengthen economic buffers to provide additional policy space for future shocks.

    Lifting Chile’s growth potential is a must to raise living standards and tackle social and fiscal pressures. Taking a consultative approach, the government is advancing several growth initiatives, including: (i) expediting investment permit applications and environmental evaluations to encourage investment, (ii) fostering the development of emerging industries, particularly those related to renewable energy to maximize the benefits from the global green transition, and (iii) facilitating R&D. Swift and consistent implementation of these initiatives is crucial, especially in rationalizing the regulatory burden and improving essential infrastructure. Additionally, better integrating women into the labor market could partially offset the unfavorable demographic trends. The proposed new development bank requires a targeted mandate, sound risk management practices, and robust corporate governance.

    The goal of a broadly balanced fiscal position by 2027 remains appropriate but has become more challenging. The authorities’ commitment to fiscal restraint by adjusting spending plans in 2024 and 2025 is welcome. To achieve a balanced fiscal position over the next three years, a gap of at least 1 percent of GDP needs to be filled. This could be achieved largely from the important tax compliance law if its implementation yields the planned additional revenue and is not used for new spending initiatives. It is therefore crucial to carefully monitor developments in tax compliance and remain flexible to adjust current spending in case revenue mobilization falls short of plans, while aiming to preserve public investment outlays in support of medium-term growth. Ensuring that any structural spending increases align with higher structural revenues is vital for fiscal sustainability, while unifying fragmented social programs could enhance access and effectiveness for the most vulnerable.

    Continuous enhancements to Chile’s already very strong fiscal framework would foster fiscal policy formulation and transparency. For instance, providing more details on debt-creating flows outside the fiscal deficit (“below-the-line” items) would strengthen the monitoring of fiscal pressures. Updating fiscal forecasting methods, in line with the government’s plans, could improve revenue projections in the context of economic and policy shifts. Adopting a medium-term strategy to rebuild the size of the Economic and Social Stabilization Fund (ESSF) would help provide resources to respond to future shocks. Finally, simplifying the presentation of the fiscal targets and budget execution in the Public Finance Report could deepen the understanding of the fiscal balance rule framework.

    A pension reform is essential to ensure adequate pensions and address the fiscal costs of population aging. Raising contribution rates and the number of contribution periods is vital for sustainably self-financing old-age pensions. The minimum guaranteed pension (PGU) has strengthened the system’s solidarity, increased replacement ratios, and reduced old-age poverty, but it also incurs high fiscal costs. With the ratio of pensioners to the working-age population set to nearly double in two decades, it is crucial to manage public spending pressures while maintaining a solid safety net. Targeting the PGU to the most vulnerable elderly, linking the retirement age to life expectancy, and implementing the proposed unemployment insurance for pension contributions could further strengthen the system.

    A cautious data dependent approach to the pace of monetary policy easing is warranted. The BCCh’s monetary policy adjustments have been in line with its inflation-targeting framework. The real monetary policy rate is close to its estimated neutral range. With near-term inflation risks tilted to the upside, future cuts to the policy rate should remain contingent on evidence that inflation is heading decisively back to its target.

    Rebuilding international reserve buffers is important for enhancing resilience. While the flexible exchange rate plays a critical role as a shock absorber, the Central Bank of Chile’s access to international liquidity can provide an additional shield against potential external shocks. This underscores the importance of incorporating a comprehensive international liquidity framework into the central bank’s longer-term financial stability strategy. The strategy and operational design should continue to follow high transparency standards, be persistent and robust to changes in external risks, and minimize distortions in the foreign exchange market.

    The financial system remains resilient despite rising vulnerabilities related to the real estate sector and lower financial market depth. The real estate sector is expected to recover modestly as long-term interest rates gradually decline, and there are several mitigants to credit risk associated with lending to this sector. Nevertheless, supervisors need to carefully monitor banks and insurers’ portfolio quality and buffers, including by closing commercial real estate data gaps and enhancing stress test models. Rebuilding the depth of local financial markets by increasing pension contributions, which would increase the pool of investable savings, is important to help reduce market volatility and sensitivity to shocks.

    Financial sector policies need to continue reinforcing resilience. The recent adoption of a positive neutral level of the counter-cyclical capital buffer with a gradual and state-contingent implementation provides banks with planning certainty. The ongoing implementation of Basel III capital and liquidity requirements needs to be completed. Prompt implementation of the Financial Market Resilience Law would enhance the BCCh’s ability to respond to financial distress situations. Other priorities continue to include adopting an industry-funded deposit insurance and a bank resolution framework, providing budget independence to the CMF, further enhancing bank corporate governance, and implementing the Consolidated Debt Registry.

    Table 1. Chile: Selected Economic Indicators, 2023-27

    GDP (2023), in trillions of pesos

    282

    Quota

    GDP (2023), in billions of U.S. dollars

    336

    		  

    in millions of SDRs

    1,744

    Per capita (2023), U.S. dollars

    16,815

    		  

    in % of total

    		  

    0.37

    Population (2023), in millions

    19.96

    		        

    Main products and exports

    Copper

    		        

    Key export markets

    China, U.S., Euro area
     

    Proj.

    2023

    2024

    2025

    2026

    2027
             

    Output

    (Annual percentage change, unless otherwise specified)

    Real GDP

    0.2

    2.2

    2.2

    2.3

    2.3

      Total domestic demand

    -4.2

    1.0

    2.4

    2.3

    2.3

    Consumption

    -3.9

    1.6

    1.9

    2.2

    2.1

    Fixed capital formation

    -1.1

    -1.0

    4.3

    3.4

    3.7

         Exports of goods and services

    -0.3

    5.5

    4.3

    4.7

    3.9

         Imports of goods and services

    -12.0

    1.2

    4.4

    4.3

    3.2

    Output gap (in percent)

    0.0

    -0.1

    -0.1

    0.0

    0.0

    Employment

    Unemployment rate (in percent, annual average)

    8.7

    8.5

    8.2

    8.0

    7.8

    Prices

    GDP deflator

    6.6

    6.0

    4.1

    2.9

    2.7

    Change of CPI (end of period)

    3.9

    4.5

    3.5

    3.0

    3.0

    Change of CPI (period average)

    7.6

    3.9

    4.2

    3.1

    3.0

    Public Sector Finances

    (In percent of GDP, unless otherwise specified)

    Central government revenue

    22.9

    22.1

    23.0

    23.8

    23.9

    Central government expenditure

    25.3

    24.8

    24.8

    24.7

    24.3

    Central government fiscal balance

    -2.4

    -2.7

    -1.8

    -0.8

    -0.4

    Central government structural fiscal balance 1/

    -3.4

    -3.1

    -2.1

    -1.2

    -0.5

    Central government gross debt

    39.4

    42.7

    43.7

    44.1

    43.5

    Public sector gross debt 2/

    70.2

    73.5

    74.5

    74.9

    74.4

    Balance of Payments

    Current account balance (% of GDP) 3/

    -3.5

    -2.3

    -2.5

    -2.5

    -2.7

    Foreign direct investment net flows (% of GDP) 3/

    -4.6

    -4.0

    -2.6

    -2.9

    -2.9

    Gross external debt (% of GDP) 4/

    71.1

    77.5

    76.5

    76.6

    75.7

    Sources: Central Bank of Chile, Ministry of Finance, Haver Analytics, and IMF staff calculations and projections.

    1/ The structural fiscal balance includes adjustments for output, copper prices, and lithium revenues based on IMF calculations. The lithium adjustment starts in 2022.

    2/ Includes liabilities of the central government, the Central Bank of Chile and public enterprises. Excludes Recognition Bonds.

    3/ Calculated as a share of US$ GDP.

    4/ Data from Dipres for the government and from BCCh for all other sectors. Calculated as a share of US$ GDP.

    [1] Under Article IV of the IMF’s Articles of Agreement, the IMF holds bilateral discussions with members, usually every year. A staff team visits the country, collects economic and financial information, and discusses with officials the country’s economic developments and policies. On return to headquarters, the staff prepares a report, which forms the basis for discussion by the Executive Board.

    [2] The Executive Board takes decisions under its lapse-of-time procedure when the Board agrees that a proposal can be considered without convening formal discussions.

    IMF Communications Department
    MEDIA RELATIONS

    PRESS OFFICER: Jose Luis De Haro

    Phone: +1 202 623-7100Email: MEDIA@IMF.org

    https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2025/02/04/pr25027-chile-imf-executive-board-concludes-2024-article-iv-consultation

    MIL OSI

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Security: Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch Delivers Remarks at the American Correctional Association Winter Conference

    Source: United States Attorneys General 13

    Good afternoon and thank you for that warm welcome.  I want to thank Governor [John Bel] Edwards for that very kind introduction; for his lifelong commitment to law enforcement; and for his thoughtful leadership in promoting evidence-based, proven strategies for strengthening the work that we are here to discuss.  I also want to thank Executive Director [Jim] Gondles for inviting me to address you and for his decades of outstanding work in law enforcement and corrections. Thanks to all of the distinguished experts and passionate advocates who are here with us today.  And I want to take a moment to thank our extraordinary correctional staff and to recognize the outstanding and challenging work that they perform every day.  Your efforts may not often make headlines and they rarely receive the praise they deserve.  But I know, as you do, that your work as law enforcement officers – and you are law enforcement officers in the clearest sense – is profoundly important, deeply necessary and essential to fulfilling the Justice Department’s sacred mission.  You defend the American people and protect our values; you build safer communities and reduce crime and exploitation.  I am proud to serve alongside you in that effort. 

    It’s a pleasure to join you all here in New Orleans as we explore new ways to protect public safety and promote justice throughout the United States.  That effort is an essential part of this country’s founding mission to provide liberty, justice and equality for all – and for more than 140 years, the American Correctional Association (ACA) has been devoted to holding our correctional institutions to those ideals.  By maintaining the highest ethical standards among correctional workers and administrators at all levels, you ensure that incarcerated people are treated fairly, with decency and with respect for their humanity.  By advancing research, you help the public and policymakers understand where our system falls short and how it can be made stronger.  And by promoting rehabilitation and reentry, you stand for the principle that those who have done their time deserve a meaningful second chance at a better life; that all of us are more than the worst thing we have ever done.  As your founders wrote a century and a half ago in the ACA’s Declaration of Principles: “The state has not discharged its whole duty to the criminal when it has punished him, nor even when it has reformed him.  Having raised him up, it has further duty to aid in holding him up.”  You have always been at the forefront of corrections policy in the United States and as a result of your efforts, our society is fairer, safer and stronger today.

    It is essential that we recognize and celebrate the progress made by organizations like the ACA – but we must also leverage that progress to propel us forward.  The criminal justice system as a whole still faces real and important challenges.  A cycle of poverty and incarceration cuts through too many of our communities.  Harsh mandatory sentences continue to strain our prisons and jails with too many individuals who have committed nonviolent, low-level drug crimes, making it difficult to allocate scarce resources effectively.  Funding for rehabilitation is hard to come by, denying too many inmates the programs and skills they need to successfully return home.  And even those who do receive training are released into a society filled with unnecessary roadblocks to getting a job and finding a place to live – a counterproductive system that makes it easier for them to slip back into the patterns that landed them in jail in the first place. 

    Addressing these issues is central to the mission of the ACA.  It is also central to the work of the Justice Department and the Obama Administration.  In 2013, my predecessor, Attorney General Eric Holder, launched the Smart on Crime initiative – a landmark effort to make federal law enforcement more efficient, more effective and more fair.  We shifted our approach away from harsh mandatory sentences for low-level drug offenses, which enabled us to focus on more dangerous defendants and more violent crimes.  We also placed an emphasis on rehabilitation and reentry programs that can reduce recidivism and promote public safety.  And I am pleased to say that, during the time that Smart on Crime has been in effect, we have seen a reduction in crowding, making our prisons safer while allowing for the delivery of reentry and rehabilitative programs that are so critical to changing lives. 

    Improving rehabilitation programs and smoothing reentry isn’t just good for inmates; it’s also good for correctional staff and for our communities as a whole.  More than 600,000 people are released from federal, state and local prisons every year.  These are 600,000 people who are someone’s father, someone’s mother; someone’s brother or sister and someone’s child.  Preparing them to find good housing, to be reliable employees, to contribute to their communities and to abide by the law is a critical component of our responsibilities and it has tremendous implications for the safety of our neighborhoods, the health of our economy and the strength of our nation.  If we can reduce recidivism by helping motivated individuals successfully reenter society, we can reduce crime across the country – and make our neighborhoods better places to live, work and raise our children. 

    At the Department of Justice, we are taking our efforts even further.  In the last fiscal year alone, our Office of Justice Programs (OJP) has disbursed $53 million in Second Chance Act grants to promising state and local reentry efforts, with a particular focus on populations at the greatest risk of recidivism, including justice-involved youth and people with mental illness.  Last year, the Department hired its first-ever Second Chance Fellow, Daryl Atkinson – a formerly incarcerated individual who went on to earn a law degree and who now advises the Justice Department on issues related to reentry.  And through the Federal Interagency Reentry Council, which I have the privilege of chairing, the department is working closely with a number of Cabinet-level agencies to promote innovative approaches to reintegration – from expanding Pell Grant eligibility with the Department of Education; to studying ways to reduce homelessness with the Department of Health and Human Services; to assisting municipalities with record-cleaning and expungement alongside the Department of Labor.

    Of course, we recognize that the work of helping incarcerated individuals succeed outside prison must begin inside prison.  That not only involves ensuring humane and safe conditions for inmates and staff – an area in which our Civil Rights Division has collaborated closely with correctional leaders around the country.  It also requires commitment to a correctional philosophy that promotes rehabilitation from day one.  For decades, the heart of that commitment has been Federal Prison Industries (FPI), which President Franklin Roosevelt established in 1934 to employ thousands of incarcerated people.  Today, FPI remains the Bureau of Prisons’ (BOP) largest and most successful reentry program, helping men and women find a new sense of purpose and develop concrete skills that they can bring back to their communities.  I am proud of the work that FPI is doing.  My dedication to its continued success is unwavering.  And I am pleased to welcome its new CEO, Gary Simpson – an expert in manufacturing operations with 28 years of experience.  Over the next few years, Gary will spearhead a business transformation plan to expand FPI’s activities – using a business model that results in no costs to the taxpayers – to ensure that more incarcerated individuals can take advantage of this vital program.  I am excited about where his work will take us.

    In addition to reinforcing tried-and-true programs like FPI, the Department of Justice is also forging new pathways to better reentry outcomes.  This administration took a major step when the Bureau of Prisons created the Reentry Services Division, which has expanded mental health resources, supported substance abuse treatment programs and improved work and educational opportunities that prepare inmates for success after release.  BOP also launched a comprehensive assessment of its educational offerings, identifying opportunities for improvement across its correctional institutions.  You will hear more about our innovative approach to prison education and adult literacy in the weeks to come.  But so far, BOP is more effectively serving inmates between the ages of 18 and 21 who require special learning accommodations and it has also inspired a specialized pilot curriculum for inmates who need instruction at the Pre-K through fifth-grade levels.

    Beyond these advances, we are determined to reform areas of longstanding correctional policy that aren’t effective.  For decades, prison systems have sought to better manage their facilities by removing certain inmates from the general population – placing them in “restrictive housing” and solitary confinement.  While there are times when this practice is necessary for the protection of inmates, personnel, or the public, there is little doubt that has sometimes been used without due consideration and without good cause.  We also know that it is possible to reduce the use of restrictive housing while also enhancing staff safety – creating better conditions for inmates and for the brave and hardworking officers charged with their protection.  Since January 2012, the federal Bureau of Prisons – under the outstanding leadership of former Director Charles Samuels – has cut its restrictive housing population by 25 percent while achieving significant reductions in staff assaults at the same time.  This only serves to underscore that we can change our practices without compromising a bedrock principle of corrections: that the safety of our officers and our inmates comes first. 

    Last July, in order to examine our own practices further and identify areas for improvement, President Obama directed me to lead a review of restrictive housing across American prisons. I am pleased to say that we have completed our review and delivered our report to the President.  And the President has directed the department to implement our recommendations.

    In conducting this review, the Department of Justice drew on the extensive experience and collective wisdom of BOP under the leadership of former Director Charles Samuels, advocates and stakeholders who are invested in this issue and, of course, the ACA itself.  We developed a series of guiding principles that reflect our values and our goals.  For example, we believe that inmates should be housed in the least restrictive setting necessary to ensure their own safety, as well as the safety of staff, other inmates and the public.  Correctional systems should always be able to clearly articulate why an inmate is in restrictive housing and those reasons should be supported by objective evidence.  And restrictive housing should always serve a specific purpose – with a “step-down” program in place to ultimately return the inmate involved to less restrictive conditions. As you all know, one of the challenges in trying to improve restrictive housing practices is that it currently serves multiple purposes: it is used to address inmates who violate disciplinary rules; to protect inmates who face threats within the prison system; and to isolate inmates who can’t function safely in the general population.  And so, in order to make lasting reforms and ensure restrictive housing is used in accordance with these principles, we need a multi-pronged strategy.

    To that end, in addition to the guiding principles, the report identifies several specific steps that we must take: We must put reasonable limits on when, why and for how long an inmate can be placed in restrictive housing.  We must enhance our efforts to divert high-risk, high-needs inmates – such as those with serious mental illness, or verified security threats – to alternative forms of housing, where they can receive specialized services in less restrictive conditions.  We must conduct regular, multidisciplinary staff reviews of inmates’ placement in restrictive housing.  We must improve the conditions within restrictive housing to ensure that individuals have more time out of their cells and receive needed programming.  We must focus on reentry and make special efforts to ensure that inmates are not placed in restrictive housing during the final months of their prison terms.  And we must enhance protections for vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women; gay, lesbian and transgender inmates; and especially young people. 

    Among the actions I will direct BOP to take to meet these goals is an across-the-board reduction of maximum penalties for punitive segregation to curb excessive use of restrictive housing and solitary confinement as punishment – including a ban on restrictive housing as discipline for low-level offenses.  I will direct the Bureau to establish new protective custody units so that inmates who need protective custody won’t be unnecessarily placed in solitary confinement.  I will direct wardens to increase out-of-cell time in restrictive housing.  I will direct the Bureau to allocate $24 million in additional mental health services for federal restrictive housing inmates – a request that will be included in the President’s budget for Fiscal Year 2017.  And I am proud to say that, in line with this report’s recommendation, I will direct the Bureau of Prisons to terminate the practice of placing children and juveniles in restrictive housing.  In the interest of our children’s safety; in the interest of their development; and in the interest of ensuring their ability to succeed, we are ending this practice once and for all. 

    I am confident that these policies will help all of us move towards greater transparency, efficiency and effectiveness and they will serve as a valuable roadmap for future reforms in the federal system and in correctional facilities across the country.  I know that the ACA is preparing its own recommendations for reducing our reliance on restrictive housing – many of which are in line with our own guiding principles – and I want to applaud you for your leadership and your commitment to this vital issue.  I look forward to drawing on your wisdom and experience and collaborating with all of you as we move ahead together.

    At the federal level, we’re already addressing one of the main reasons we rely on restrictive housing: the unprecedented growth in the federal prison population over the last three decades.  The swelling number of inmates has maxed out our facilities, jeopardized our rehabilitation efforts and made it harder for correctional officers to safely and effectively do their jobs – which are already among the most difficult in law enforcement.  To address this problem, Congress established the bipartisan Charles Colson Task Force on Federal Corrections – an independent working group that for the past year has studied overcrowding in federal prisons – and this week, I received the task force’s recommendations.  They describe a series of concrete steps that we can take in some of the areas we’ve discussed today.  They call for a reassessment of whom we incarcerate and for how long, so that we can be sure that we’re using our system wisely and effectively.  They advocate for a culture of safety and rehabilitation in our prisons, including through the use of risk-reduction programming.  They augment our reintegration practices by emphasizing supervision and support.  And they bolster transparency and accountability to ensure that these goals are being met.  The task force also requests federal funding to support these reforms and I urge Congress to take appropriate action.  I further call on Congress to pass the Sentencing Reform and Corrections Act of 2015, a bill that was voted out of the Senate Judiciary Committee on a strong bipartisan basis, as soon as possible. That bill would represent an important step forward on many of these critical issues – and will help us put federal prisons on a path that is more fair and more sustainable for inmates, correctional officers and taxpayers alike. 

    These are all important steps forward and I am personally committed to expanding on this work in the days and months ahead, while ensuring that we continue to protect our hardworking correctional workers from harm.  I am always mindful of the fact that, in performing your duties, you and your colleagues risk your personal safety – and even your lives – every day.  And while the Bureau of Prisons took some major steps to bolster protections over the past couple of years, we intend to continue exploring new technologies and new strategies to make your difficult jobs as safe as possible.

    It is encouraging that, as a result of the renewed attention these matters are receiving in research, advocacy and media coverage, a growing number of Americans have begun to join our shared call for progress in criminal justice.  Particularly in the last few years, thanks in no small part to the leadership and dedication of the people in this room, that chorus has expanded to encompass people from across the political spectrum and from all walks of life.  At this critical moment of rare bipartisan agreement, it is more important than ever that we harness this momentum and continue to push forward.  With the help of extraordinary partners like you and with the determination and fortitude that you have always shown, I believe that we will make the most of this unique moment of consensus.  I believe that we will give every American their chance to lead lives of meaning and purpose.  And I believe that when we are finished, we will have left our children a society that is safer, more prosperous and more just.

    Thank you for your enduring commitment to this important issue.  Thank you for all that you’ve done and continue to do on behalf of the safety and well-being of the American people.  And thank you for your steadfast partnership in holding this nation to its own timeless principles.  I look forward to all that we will accomplish – together – in the days ahead.  

    MIL Security OSI –