Translation. Region: Russian Federal
Source: People’s Republic of China in Russian – People’s Republic of China in Russian –
Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News
NANJING, May 6 (Xinhua) — “The Chinese people will always cherish the memory of the Russians who helped China in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,” said Xue Lian, director of the Nanjing Anti-Japanese War Airmen’s Martyrs’ Memorial Museum.
As she reported, soon this museum will once again publish additional information about the Soviet hero pilots who died on Chinese territory.
HISTORICAL MEMORY
Established in 2009, the Nanjing Anti-Japanese War Airmen’s Martyrs’ Memorial Museum is China’s first memorial museum for international airmen who died in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Its collection contains rich historical materials about the air forces of China, the Soviet Union, the United States and other countries that fought together against Japanese aggression in China during World War II.
Since 1995, the names of 4,299 Chinese and foreign fallen heroes, including 236 Soviets, have been engraved on marble memorial steles at this museum in Nanjing, East China’s Jiangsu Province.
After the start of China’s nationwide war against Japanese aggression, the Soviet Union was the first to provide China with air support. During these difficult years, more than 200 Soviet volunteer air forces perished in China.
Sergei Dmitrievich Smirnov was one of them. He died in an air battle over Nanchang in 1938 and was buried in the same Chinese city. It is noteworthy that he became the first of all Soviet hero pilots who died in China whose relatives the above-mentioned museum managed to contact.
On July 7, 2024, on the anniversary of the beginning of China’s nationwide war against Japanese aggression, S. Smirnov’s great-grandson Alexander Vikman, who was in Nanjing on business and had spent a long time searching for information about the burial of his great-grandfather and had visited China many times, visited the above-mentioned museum and finally found his name on one of the memorial steles.
Let us recall that shortly before this, the museum published a list of Chinese pilots who died in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, which inspired A. Wickman to appeal for help. In September and November 2024, lists of American and Soviet hero pilots were also published, respectively. In particular, the list of Soviet hero pilots was published in full by the museum for the first time.
“The idea to clarify and publish the lists of Chinese and foreign heroic pilots who died in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression arose because I was deeply moved by the search for information about the fallen Chinese pilot by his relatives, which lasted for more than 80 years,” Xue Lian said.
She also realized that there could be many more such relatives of fallen heroes. Because of the geographical uncertainty of Air Force operations, their relatives do not even know where their loved ones died, let alone obtain other detailed information.
“It is still difficult for the relatives of fallen Chinese heroes to find information about them, let alone the relatives of fallen foreign pilots,” Xue Lian said.
“We have a responsibility to disclose accurate information about these fallen aviators to the public so that more people know about their heroism. It is necessary to urgently search for their families and forever preserve the precious memory of this story.”
RESPECT FOR HEROES
Due to the limited historical sources and the lack of language specialists, the museum’s work on collecting information about Soviet heroes progressed slowly at the time.
Miao Lei, who studied in Russia for many years and speaks Russian, started this job in 2020.
“Most of the heroes have information about their identities, years of birth and dates of death, but there are no photographs of them, no information about their combat actions in China and no information about their places of death and burial. In addition, some of the Soviet volunteer pilots took part in the war under pseudonyms, which made it difficult to find genuine information about their identities,” he noted.
To overcome the many difficulties, the museum sought support from universities and commissioned their experts and researchers, including a team of teachers and students from Nanjing University, to carry out part of the work of collecting relevant information. At the same time, through interdepartmental coordination, experts in the field of Russian language and cultural and historical research were found to carry out the joint work.
In September 2024, the museum’s working team visited Russia and Belarus to collect information about Soviet hero pilots. During the trip, museum representatives in Moscow met with a local resident, Dmitry Pugachev, and received photographs of S. Smirnov from him for the first time.
“Sergey Dmitrievich is my great-uncle. When they told me that they had found his name in the museum in Nanjing, I burst into tears,” D. Pugachev recalled.
“When I saw the photograph with my grandfather’s name on the wall of the memorial in Nanjing, I felt some inexplicable connection with Sergei Dmitrievich, whom, unfortunately, I had never met. I was extremely touched by such care and respect on the part of the Chinese people and the Chinese state for the memory of the Soviet volunteer pilots,” he added.
“We gave D. Pugachev a book of contacts with relatives of fallen heroes, which records the heroes’ deeds and our museum’s contacts, to help them contact us,” Miao Lei explained, noting that the museum also created archives for Soviet hero pilots, including Grigory Akimovich Kulishenko.
The museum has also established cooperation with the Central Museum of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation /CMAF RF/. Thanks to this, more and more information about the Soviet hero pilots who died in the anti-Japanese war is becoming available.
According to Miao Lei, additional information that will be released soon includes specific positions of aviation technicians, such as a tinsmith, and the dates of death of some heroes, confirmed through research.
“In the future, we will continue to publish more information about adjustments and amendments to the list of Soviet heroes, as well as other additional information as we collect and research materials,” he said.
“These characters are the ‘most familiar strangers’ to us. We have never met them, but we mention their names every day when telling the story to museum visitors,” Miao Lei said.
“We are doing our utmost to restore the true image of each of the fallen heroes, and this is the respect we should show them,” Miao Lei said.
JUSTICE AND PEACE
The current year is marked by the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Great Patriotic War and the World Anti-Fascist War. China and Russia made enormous national sacrifices for the sake of victory, and also made an indelible historical contribution to the cause of peace and human progress.
The efforts of the Nanjing Anti-Japanese War Airmen’s Memorial Museum have received support from the Russian side.
In September 2024, Advisor to the Governor of the Moscow Region, member of the Public Council of Rossotrudnichestvo Artem Semenov visited the museum and presented it with precious copies of documentaries from the 1930s, telling about the heroic struggle of the Chinese people against the Japanese invaders.
“It is a great honor for me to serve the common cause in this way – preserving the historical memory of the joint struggle of the peoples of our countries with the Japanese and Nazi invaders for the freedom of not only our Motherland, but also of humanity as a whole,” shared A. Semenov, expressing gratitude to the museum for so carefully preserving the memory of the Soviet heroes who gave their lives for the freedom of China and brought the main victory closer at a great cost.
On the museum grounds, in addition to the memorial steles of famous heroes whose names have already been carved, space was also left to perpetuate the memory of those heroes whose names are still unknown.
“We hope that the names of all Soviet heroes will deservedly appear here,” commented A. Semenov.
Now, the Nanjing Anti-Japanese War Martyrs’ Memorial Museum is holding an exhibition on the theme “Heroes forged immortality together” dedicated to the Soviet pilots who died in China on a permanent basis. This exhibition, jointly organized by the museum and the Central Military and Military Council of the Russian Federation, tells more people the story of the joint struggle of Chinese and Soviet pilots against the Japanese invaders.
“More than 80 years have passed, there are fewer and fewer people who survived World War II, and those who know about the heroic deeds of the war heroes continue to grow old. There are also fewer and fewer people who can provide clear and reliable historical memory. Since most of the archives at that time were paper, they were not easy to preserve during wars and turmoil, and finding relevant materials can be very difficult,” said Xue Lian.
“The Russian people provided valuable support to the Chinese people in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,” she said. “In the future, we look forward to cooperating with relevant departments, institutions and non-governmental organizations on the Russian side to find more historical materials about Soviet hero pilots, so that the feats of these young people who gave their lives for justice and peace will forever remain in the annals of history.” -0- /Authors of the article: Xinhua Correspondent Zheng Dongrui, Zhang Chenguang, Darya Karakash, Lu Huadong, Xia Peng/