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Category: housing

  • MIL-Evening Report: Human Rights Watch warns renewed fighting threatens West Papua civilians

    Asia Pacific Report

    An escalation in fighting between Indonesian security forces and Papuan pro-independence fighters in West Papua has seriously threatened the security of the largely indigenous population, says Human Rights Watch in a new report.

    The human rights watchdog warned that all parties to the conflict are obligated to abide by international humanitarian law, also called the laws of war.

    The security forces’ military operations in the densely forested Central Highlands areas are accused of killing and wounding dozens of civilians with drone strikes and the indiscriminate use of explosive munitions, and displaced thousands of indigenous Papuans, said the report.

    The National Liberation Army of West Papua, the armed wing of the Free Papua Movement, has claimed responsibility in the killing of 17 alleged miners between April 6 and April 9.

    “The Indonesian military has a long history of abuses in West Papua that poses a particular risk to the Indigenous communities,” said Meenakshi Ganguly, deputy Asia director of Human Rights Watch.

    “Concerned governments need to press the Prabowo [Subianto] administration and Papuan separatist armed groups to abide by the laws of war.”

    The fighting escalated after the attack on the alleged miners, which the armed group accused of being targeted soldiers or military informers.

    Operation Habema
    The Indonesian military escalated its ongoing operations, called Operation Habema, in West Papua’s six provinces, especially in the Central Highlands, where Papuan militant groups have been active for more than four decades.

    On May 14, the military said that it had killed 18 resistance fighters in Intan Jaya regency, and that it had recovered weapons including rifles, bows and arrows, communications equipment, and Morning Star flags — the symbol of Papuan resistance.

    Further military operations have allegedly resulted in burning down villages and attacks on churches. Papuan activists and pastors told Human Rights Watch that government forces treated all Papuan forest dwellers who owned and routinely used bows and arrows for hunting as “combatants”.

    Information about abuses has been difficult to corroborate because the hostilities are occurring in remote areas in Intan Jaya, Yahukimo, Nduga, and Pegunungan Bintang regencies.

    Pastors, church workers, and local journalists interviewed by Human Rights Watch said that Indonesian forces had been using drones and helicopter gunships to drop bombs.

    “Civilians from the Korowai tribe community, known for their tall treehouse dwellings, have been harmed in these attacks, and have desperately fled the fighting,” said the Human Rights Watch report.

    “Displaced villagers, mostly from Intan Jaya, have sought shelter and refuge in churches in Sugapa, the capital of the regency.”

    Resistance allegations
    The armed resistance group has made allegations, which Human Rights Watch could not corroborate, that the Indonesian military attacks harmed civilians.

    It reported that a mortar or rocket attack outside a church in Ilaga, Puncak regency, hit two young men on May 6, killing one of them, Deris Kogoya, an 18-year-old student.

    The group said that the Indonesian military attack on May 14, in which the military claimed all 18 people killed were pro-independence combatants, mostly killed civilians.

    Ronald Rischardt Tapilatu, pastor of the Evangelical Christian Church of the Land of Papua, said that at least 3 civilians were among the 18 bodies. Human Rights Watch has a list of the 18 killed, which includes 1 known child.

    The daughter of Hetina Mirip said her mother was found dead on May 17 near her house in Sugapa, while Indonesian soldiers surrounded their village. She wrote that the soldiers tried to cremate and bury her mother’s body.

    A military spokesman denied the shooting.

    One evident impact of the renewed fighting is that thousands of indigenous Papuans have been forced to flee their ancestral lands.

    Seven villages attacked
    The Vanuatu-based United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP) reported that the military had attacked seven villages in Ilaga with drones and airstrikes, forcing many women and children to flee their homes. Media reports said that it was in Gome, Puncak regency.

    International humanitarian law obligates all warring parties to distinguish at all times between combatants and civilians. Civilians may never be the target of attack.

    Warring parties are required to take all feasible precautions to minimise harm to civilians and civilian objects, such as homes, shops, and schools. Attacks may target only combatants and military objectives.

    Attacks that target civilians or fail to discriminate between combatants and civilians, or that would cause disproportionate harm to the civilian population compared to the anticipated military gain, are prohibited.

    Parties must treat everyone in their custody humanely, not take hostages, and facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid.

    The Free Papua Movement has long sought self-determination and independence in West Papua, on the grounds that the Indonesian government-controlled “Act of Free Choice” in 1969 was illegitimate and did not involve indigenous Papuans.

    It advocates holding a new, fair, and transparent referendum, and backs armed resistance.

    Vast conflict area
    Human Rights Watch reports that the conflict areas, including Intan Jaya, are on the northern side of Mt Grasberg, spanning a vast area from Sugapa to Oksibil in the Pegunungan Bintang regency, approximately 425 km long.

    Sugapa is also known as the site of Wabu Block, which holds approximately 2.3 million kilos of gold, making it one of Indonesia’s five largest known gold reserves.

    Wabu Block is currently under the licensing process of the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.

    “Papuans have endured decades of systemic racism, heightening concerns of further atrocities,” HRW’s Asia director Ganguly said.

    “Both the Indonesian military and Papuan armed groups need to comply with international standards that protect civilians.”

    Republished from Human Rights Watch.

    MIL OSI Analysis – EveningReport.nz –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Why Canada should apply labour protections to the rental housing sector

    Source: The Conversation – Canada – By Elliot Goodell Ugalde, Phd Student, Queen’s University, Ontario

    Gregor Robertson, Canada’s new housing minister, was likely tapped for the job on the basis of his decade as Vancouver’s mayor, where he introduced zoning changes, incentives for rental construction and the country’s first empty-homes tax.

    Those moves nudged supply but fell short: housing designed specifically for renting trickled in slowly and the city’s homeless count hit a 13-year high of 2,181 in 2018.

    Robertson once blamed the housing shortfall on tight-fisted provincial and federal budgets. Now that he controls part of that money, he can test his claim. He can plug a hole his municipal toolkit never could by being, as he vowed in 2018, “more abrasive and more vocal”, and by coupling fresh federal dollars with legal protections that empower tenants to bargain collectively.

    The urgency is clear: one-third of Canadians rent, yet tenant unions, though legal to form, have no right to negotiate.

    This absence of statutory protection for tenants is often treated as a policy oversight. By withholding legal recognition, lawmakers preserve a model that allows landlords to negotiate from a position of structural dominance as tenants confront systemic harms — rent hikes, unsafe conditions and evictions — all on their own.

    Canada’s rental ‘crisis’

    Soaring rents and evictions have been described as a temporary “housing crisis.”

    But researchers at the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives counter that the market is not broken; it works exactly as designed. Calling it a crisis justifies “extraordinary” fixes — most often lower interest rates that lure first time home-buyers to take on debt larger than they should, according to Canadian policy scholar Ricardo Tranjan in his book The Tenant Class.

    The results are structural, not temporary: median national rent for a one-bedroom dwelling now tops $2,000, vacancy rates sit below two per cent and 33.1 per cent of renters spend more than 30 per cent of income on shelter. That’s the rent-burden line — the threshold used to determine if a household is struggling to afford housing — of the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation’s (CMHC).

    Since the 1990s, the CMHC has replaced public construction with mortgage-insurance programs that flood markets with credit, kicking the can down the road. Meanwhile, Prime Minister Mark Carney’s choice of Robertson as housing minister has advanced a familiar credit-led package: GST rebates for first-time buyers.

    When asked whether housing prices should fall, Robertson said “no,” arguing that wages will eventually catch up — an adjustment economists project would take roughly 20 years even if prices stopped rising today.

    Expanding credit under these conditions is more likely to swell asset values than improve affordability, trading a housing emergency for an indebtedness emergency.

    Collective action without collective rights

    Ontario’s Residential Tenancies Act (RTA) typifies Canada’s token approach to renter power. It affirms tenants’ right to form associations but, in the very next clause, excuses landlords from any obligation to meet or negotiate with them. The result is performative legality: tenants can speak but landlords are free to ignore them.

    The chilling effect resembles pre-industrial labour markets, where organizing invited dismissal. Recent history confirms the weakness.

    In 2023, the tenants of 33 King Street in northwest Toronto mounted a five-month rent strike and won partial rollbacks, but the tribunal still refused to recognize their union; every renter had to sign a separate settlement. By settling disputes that way, the system drains collective power and drags cases through attritional timelines that encourage capitulation.

    Canada confronted a parallel power imbalance during industrialization. Early 20th-century governments criminalized picketing and blacklisted organizers. The upheavals of the Great Depression forced Ottawa to adopt the Wartime Labour Relations Regulations (1944) and the Industrial Relations and Disputes Investigation Act (1948).

    Those statutes codified three enduring principles:

    1. Workers may unionize free from employer interference;
    2. Employers must bargain in good faith with a certified union;
    3. Violations trigger meaningful remedies, including reinstatement and damages.

    Legislators acted not from moral awakening, but to temper exploitation and preserve social stability.

    Housing now mirrors that earlier asymmetry: corporate landlords command capital, legal expertise and mobility, while tenants have none of that power. Extending labour-style protections to tenant unions would simply apply a proven regulatory formula to rental housing.

    Counter-arguments

    Landlord associations often voice four main objections to statutory tenant-union rights: the anticipated administrative burden, the spectre of disinvestment, purported constitutional limits and a moral claim that responsible owners don’t need to be legally compelled to act in good faith.

    Labour history suggests these concerns are overstated.

    As Tranjan recalls, reputable employers already paid decent wages and offered sick leave before such standards were legislated. Regulation merely imposed a baseline on those profiting from exploitation.

    In housing, conscientious landlords who maintain units, honour rent control and eschew predatory fees wouldn’t require mandatory bargaining or anti-retaliation clauses. But those enriching themselves through vacancy decontrol, renovictions or steep rent hikes would. Their resistance to tenant protections underscores their necessity.

    Empirical evidence further weakens objections.

    First, administrative overload is improbable: collective bargaining consolidates individual grievances into a single agreement, dramatically reducing repeat hearings, and the system would work the same in landlord-tenant tribunals.

    Second, claims that stronger tenant rights deter investment clash with comparative experience. In Vienna, where nearly half of all dwellings fall under tenant councils wielding union-like powers and stringent rent regulation, construction activity remains robust and affordability stable;

    Third, constitutional concerns are overstated. Although landlord–tenant law is chiefly provincial, the federal government already shapes rental markets through CMHC insurance, targeted tax expenditures and the National Housing Strategy Act, which recognizes adequate housing as a human right.

    Ottawa could condition financing on tenant-union recognition or incentivize provinces to harmonize standards, echoing its mid-20th century push for uniform labour legislation.

    Historical precedent and evidence across the country make clear that formalizing tenant-union protections is constitutional, would streamline dispute resolution and sustain construction — substantially benefiting the one-third of Canadians who rent without destabilizing the housing market.



    Read more:
    How corporate landlords are eroding affordable housing — and prioritizing profits over human rights

    Collective rights for collective problems

    To make housing genuinely affordable, Robertson must see Canada’s rental sector not as a malfunctioning “crisis” but as a lucrative system of organized inequality.

    Legislators once recognized that individual workers could not bargain fairly with industrial adversaries and created the collective-bargaining framework that undergirds labour relations today. Housing demands the same logic.

    Tenant unions already operate in neighbourhoods such as Toronto’s Thorncliffe Park, Vancouver’s Mount Pleasant and Montréal’s Rosemont. But without legal status, landlords can simply ignore them.

    Federal legislation could correct this imbalance. Automatic certification would follow when a simple majority of tenants in a building sign membership cards, triggering a duty for landlords to bargain in good faith over rent increases, maintenance schedules, security of tenure and essential services.



    Read more:
    Financial firms are driving up rent in Toronto — and targeting the most vulnerable tenants

    Anti-retaliation clauses would bar eviction or harassment of organizing tenants, with remedies mirroring labour law: reinstatement, damages and arbitration to deter stalling.

    Negotiated standards could be applied across neighbourhoods while still allowing investors reasonable but socially responsible returns.

    Granting labour-style protections to tenant unions is hardly radical; it simply extends a principle Canada embraced nearly a century ago: collective problems require collective rights.

    Renters cannot wait for market forces to self-correct. Recognizing and regulating tenant unions is the most direct route to balancing power, safeguarding homes and treating housing as a human right rather than an asset class.

    Elliot Goodell Ugalde is affiliated with The Kingston and District Labour Council.

    Natalie Braun does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Why Canada should apply labour protections to the rental housing sector – https://theconversation.com/why-canada-should-apply-labour-protections-to-the-rental-housing-sector-257208

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: California plan to ban most plants within 5 feet of homes for wildfire safety overlooks some important truths about flammability

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Max Moritz, Wildfire Specialist, University of California Cooperative Extension; Adjunct Professor at the Bren School, University of California at Santa Barbara, University of California, Santa Barbara

    Photos after the Los Angeles fires in January 2025 show many yards where vegetation didn’t burn while neighboring houses did. AP Photo/Chris Pizzello

    One of the most striking patterns in the aftermath of many urban fires is how much unburned green vegetation remains amid the wreckage of burned neighborhoods.

    In some cases, a row of shrubs may be all that separates a surviving house from one that burned just a few feet away.

    As scientists who study how vegetation ignites and burns, we recognize that well-maintained plants and trees can actually help protect homes from wind-blown embers and slow the spread of fire in some cases. So, we are concerned about new wildfire protection regulations being developed by the state of California that would prohibit almost all plants and other combustible material within 5 feet of homes, an area known as “Zone 0.”

    Photos before and after the 2025 Palisades Fire show thick green vegetation between two closely spaced homes. The arrow shows the direction of the fire’s spread.
    Max Moritz; CAL FIRE Damage Inspection photos, CC BY

    Wildfire safety guidelines have long encouraged homeowners to avoid having flammable materials next to their homes. But the state’s plan for an “ember-resistant zone,” being expedited under an executive order from Gov. Gavin Newsom, goes further by also prohibiting grass, shrubs and many trees in that area.

    If that prohibition remains in the final regulation, it’s likely to be met with public resistance. Getting these rules right also matters beyond California, because regulations that originate in California often ripple outward to other fire-prone regions.

    Lessons from the devastation

    Research into how vegetation can reduce fire risk is a relatively new area of study. However, the findings from plant flammability studies and examination of patterns of where vegetation and homes survive large urban fires highlight its importance.

    When surviving plants do appear scorched after these fires, it is often on the side of the plant facing a nearby structure that burned. That suggests that wind-blown embers ignited houses first: The houses were then the fuel as the fire spread through the neighborhood.

    We saw this repeatedly in the Los Angeles area after wildfires destroyed thousands of homes in January 2025. The pattern suggests a need to focus on the many factors that can influence home losses.

    Shrubs in Zone 0 of a home did not ignite during the Eaton Fire, despite the home burning.
    Max Moritz

    Several guides are available that explain steps homeowners can take to help protect houses, particularly from wind-blown embers, known as home hardening.

    For example, installing rain gutter covers to keep dead leaves from accumulating, avoiding flammable siding and ensuring that vents have screens to prevent embers from getting into the attic or crawl space can lower the risk of the home catching fire.

    However, guidance related to landscaping plants varies greatly and can even be incorrect.

    For example, some “fire-safe” plant lists contain species that are drought tolerant but not necessarily fire resistant. What matters more for keeping plants from becoming fuel for fires is how well they’re maintained and whether they’re properly watered.

    How a plant bursts into flames

    When living plant material is heated by a nearby energy source, such as a fire, the moisture inside it must be driven off before it can ignite. That evaporation cools the surrounding area and lowers the plant’s flammability.

    In many cases, high moisture can actually keep a plant from igniting. We’ve seen this in some of our experimental work and in other studies that test the flammability of ornamental landscaping.

    With enough heat, dried leaves and stems can break down and volatilize into gases. And, at that point, a nearby spark or flame can ignite these gases and set the plant on fire.

    Plant flammability testing shows how quickly twigs, grasses, plants and leaves will burn at different moisture levels. The images on the right are from an experiment at the University of California’s South Coast Research and Extension Center to test flammability of a living but overly dry plant.
    Max Moritz (left); Luca Carmignani (right)

    Even when the plant does burn, however, its moisture content can limit other aspects of flammability, such as how hot it burns.

    Up to the point that they actually burn, green, well-maintained plants can slow the spread of a fire by serving as “heat sinks,” absorbing energy and even blocking embers. This apparent protective role has been observed in both Australia and California studies of home losses.

    How often vegetation buffers homes from igniting during urban conflagrations is still unclear, but this capability has implications for regulations.

    California’s ‘Zone 0’ regulations

    The Zone 0 regulations California’s State Board of Forestry is developing are part of broader efforts to reduce fire risk around homes and communities. They would apply in regions considered at high risk of wildfires or defended by CAL FIRE, the state’s firefighting agency.

    Many of the latest Zone 0 recommendations, such as prohibiting mulch and attached fences made of materials that can burn, stem from large-scale tests conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety. These features can be systematically analyzed.

    But vegetation is far harder to model. The state’s proposed Zone 0 regulations oversimplify complex conditions in real neighborhoods and go beyond what is currently known from scientific research regarding plant flammability.

    Green lawns, trees and shrubs were still visible after the Eaton Fire burned homes in Altadena, Calif., in January 2025.
    Mario Tama/Getty Images

    A mature, well-pruned shrub or tree with a high crown may pose little risk of burning and can even reduce exposure to fires by blocking wind and heat and intercepting embers. Aspen trees, for example, have been recommended to reduce fire risk near structures or other high-value assets.

    In contrast, dry, unmanaged plants under windows or near fences may ignite rapidly and make it more likely that the house itself will catch fire.

    As California and other states develop new wildfire regulations, they need to recognize the protective role that well-managed plants can play, along with many other benefits of urban vegetation.

    We believe the California proposal’s current emphasis on highly prescriptive vegetation removal, instead of on maintenance, is overly simplistic. Without complementary requirements for hardening the homes themselves, widespread clearing of landscaping immediately around homes could do little to reduce risk and have unintended consequences.

    Max Moritz has nothing to disclose.

    Luca Carmignani has nothing to disclose.

    – ref. California plan to ban most plants within 5 feet of homes for wildfire safety overlooks some important truths about flammability – https://theconversation.com/california-plan-to-ban-most-plants-within-5-feet-of-homes-for-wildfire-safety-overlooks-some-important-truths-about-flammability-257109

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: 3 ways the government can silence opinions it disagrees with, without using censorship

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Gregory P. Magarian, Thomas and Karole Green Professor of Law, Washington University in St. Louis

    The government can make you silence yourself — out of fear. Deepak Sethi, iStock/Getty Images Plus

    When most people think of how governments stifle free speech, they think of censorship. That’s when a government directly blocks or suppresses speech. In the past, the federal government has censored speech in various ways. It has tried to block news outlets from publishing certain stories. It has punished political dissenters. It has banned sales of “obscene” books.

    Today, however, the federal government rarely tries to censor speech so crudely. It has less blatant but very effective ways to suppress dissent. The current actions of the Trump administration show how government can silence speakers without censoring them.

    My quarter century of research and writing about First Amendment rights has explored the varied tools that governments use to smother free expression. Among the present administration’s chosen tools are making institutions stop or change their advocacy to get government benefits; inducing self-censorship through intimidation; and molding the government’s own speech to promote official ideology.

    A page from the CDC’s website, where the Trump administration states that it rejects the ‘gender ideology’ presented on the page.
    CDC.gov

    Using benefits to coerce speech

    The Supreme Court has made clear that the First Amendment bars the government from conditioning benefits on the sacrifice of free speech.

    Government employers may not refuse to hire employees of the opposing political party, nor may they stop employees from speaking publicly about political issues. The government may not stop funding nonprofits because they refuse to endorse official policies, or because they make arguments the government opposes.

    The First Amendment, however, works only if someone asks a court to enforce it, or at least threatens to do so.

    The Trump administration has issued orders that withdraw security clearances, cancel government contracts and bar access to government buildings for law firms that have opposed the administration’s policies or have advocated diversity, equity and inclusion, or DEI. Some law firms have sued to block the orders. More firms, however, have made deals with the administration, agreeing to end DEI programs and to do free legal work for conservative causes.

    The administration similarly has withheld funding from universities that embrace DEI or that, by the administration’s account, have fomented or tolerated antisemitism. Harvard University has resisted that pressure. But Columbia University has capitulated to President Donald Trump’s demands that include cracking down on protests, giving university officials more control over controversial academic programs and hiring more conservative professors.

    The Supreme Court may ultimately declare the administration’s gambits unconstitutional, but it has already succeeded in leveraging government benefits to make major institutions change their speech.

    Intimidating speakers into silence

    First Amendment law also restricts government actions that deter or “chill” expression rather than squarely banning it.

    That means the government may not regulate speech through vague laws that leave lawful speakers uncertain whether the regulation reaches them. For example, the Supreme Court in 1971 struck down a Cincinnati, Ohio, ordinance that criminalized any public assembly the city deemed “annoying.”

    Likewise, the government may not make people disclose their identities as a requirement for acquiring controversial literature or for supporting unpopular causes. In the classic case, the Supreme Court during the civil rights era blocked Alabama from making the NAACP disclose its membership list.

    Chilling of speech is hard to detect, but the current public climate strongly suggests that the Trump administration has plunged the thermostat.

    College and university campuses, which rumbled in spring 2024 with protests against the Gaza war, have gone largely quiet. Large corporations that challenged the first Trump presidency have fallen into line behind the second. Big liberal donors have folded up their wallets.

    Some of that dampening likely reflects fatigue and resignation. Much of it, though, appears to reveal successful intimidation.

    The administration has proclaimed that it is deporting noncitizen students, using their lawful speech as justification. While those expulsions themselves are classic censorship, their hidden reach may stifle more speech than their immediate grasp. Noncitizens are legally attractive targets for government censorship because courts largely defer to the president on matters of national security and immigration.

    The Trump administration could not lawfully treat U.S. citizens as it is treating, lawfully or not, foreign nationals. But most citizens don’t know that. The vivid spectacle of punished dissenters seems likely to chill other dissenters.

    Whitewashing government speech

    The First Amendment only bars the government from controlling private speech. When the government speaks, it can say what it wants. That means people who speak for the government lack any First Amendment right to replace the government’s messages with their own.

    In theory, then, every new federal administration could sweepingly turn government institutions’ speech into narrow propaganda. That hasn’t happened before, perhaps because most governments realize they are just temporary custodians of an abiding republic.

    The Trump administration has broken this norm. The administration has ordered the purging of ideologically disfavored content from the Smithsonian museums, implemented book bans in military libraries and installed political supporters to run cultural institutions.

    None of those actions likely violates the First Amendment. All of them, however, have significant implications for free speech. In what may be the most quoted line in the First Amendment legal canon, Justice Robert Jackson declared in 1943 that government should never “prescribe what shall be orthodox … in matters of opinion.”

    A 21st-century federal government can dramatically skew public discourse by honing government speech with the flint of official ideology. Trump has assigned Vice President JD Vance, who sits on the Smithsonian’s board, the role of “seeking to remove improper ideology.” If Vance decides what the Smithsonian can and cannot say about slavery and Jim Crow, then the Smithsonian will teach people only what Vance wants them to learn about those subjects. That influential source of knowledge will push public discussion toward the government’s ideology.

    When government beneficiaries agree to say what the president wants, when the government intimidates speakers to silence themselves, and when the government sharpens its own speech into propaganda, no censorship happens.

    But in all those scenarios, the government is doing exactly what justifies fear of censorship and what First Amendment law exists to prevent: using official power to make speech less free.

    Gregory P. Magarian does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. 3 ways the government can silence opinions it disagrees with, without using censorship – https://theconversation.com/3-ways-the-government-can-silence-opinions-it-disagrees-with-without-using-censorship-254249

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Debunking 5 myths about when your devices get wet

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Rachel Plotnick, Associate Professor of Cinema and Media Studies, Indiana University

    Consumer technologies get wet as a regular part of everyday life. Shuvro Mojumder/Unsplash , CC BY-SA

    Nearly everyone has encountered the unthinkable: Your smartphone landed in the toilet. Or you forgot to take off your smartwatch before jumping into the pool. Or maybe you meant to take those earbuds out of your pocket before running the laundry. What now?

    Internet forums are chock-full of advice to dry out that drenched device, but problematic myths about liquid protection and repair make it hard for consumers to separate fact from fiction.

    I’m a researcher who studies how technologies play a part in people’s everyday practices and experiences. My new book, “License to Spill: Where Dry Devices Meet Liquid Lives,” explores the wet-dry boundary in how people perceive and treat their electronic devices.

    Here are five common myths about getting devices wet:

    Myth 1: My device turned back on! It’s fine

    While it’s a relief to see your technology rise from the dead, what you can’t see are subtle processes occurring inside, like corrosion. The breakdown of your device’s metal parts due to moisture often happens over time, in a period that can take place days, weeks or months after the offending incident.

    That’s why even humidity from moist climates or your steamy shower can make a long-term impact, despite the fact that everything booted up right away after a splash or dunk.

    Myth 2: My ‘waterproof’ device can tolerate any kind of wetness

    The term “waterproof” is a controversial one – so controversial, in fact, that the Federal Trade Commission has strict rules about using the term in advertising, once even banning it from ad copy selling wristwatches.

    Given the vagueness of the term, it’s better to examine different water resistance standards, such as ingress protection, or IP, ratings and MIL-SPEC, or ISO in the case of watches, and to read the fine print about what those standards actually cover.

    Myth 3: My device has a great IP rating, so it’s been tested under real-world conditions

    Companies often advertise IP ratings as a way to entice consumers to purchase their products, but it’s important to know that these ratings are based on contact with fresh water. If you’re worried about Jacuzzi suds or that tipped-over can of beer, there’s no guarantee that a manufacturer has tested your device in these – often sticky – situations, and an IP rating won’t account for them.

    Myth 4: I’ve got some rice in the kitchen. I can fix this myself!

    It’s natural to panic and seek out the quickest household solution when a spill or dunk happens, and a cup of rice is still a commonly sought-out option.

    However, the rice hack doesn’t work very well, and rice particles can enter the device to cause even further damage. Aside from bringing your device to a professional repairer, you’re better off immediately powering down your product, removing its battery and plug if you can, and letting all the components dry over a day or two.

    Myth 5: Well, this device is broken, but I’ve got a warranty to replace it

    While you’re pulling your product from its watery grave, you might find relief in the fact that it came with a warranty. Not so fast.

    Most traditional consumer technology limited warranties don’t cover liquid damage. These days, you usually need to purchase an add-on warranty, often called Accidental Damage from Handling. Beware, though: Even those policies may limit how many wetness “incidents” or “events” you’re allowed per year.

    Air flow is the best way to dry a device that’s taken a dunk. Don’t expose your device directly to rice, cat litter or other particles.

    Keeping it realistic

    Water resistance features on devices like laptops, tablets, smartphones and smartwatches have recently improved, but the deck is still often stacked against consumers who must wade through the hype of advertising claims, mystifying classification systems and penalizing policies.

    That’s why it’s critical for manufacturers to think carefully and ethically about how their products are designed, marketed and serviced. In terms of design, water resistance is no longer a niche feature meant solely for industrial workers or outdoor adventurers. While it’s unrealistic to expect a device that’s designed to resist every hazard, it’s also unreasonable to ask consumers to tiptoe around the products that provide them with access to critical resources and social support.

    It’s important for manufacturers to avoid promising consumers the Moon. Samsung Australia, for instance, paid AU$14 million in penalties for exaggerating its phones’ protection for swimming. It’s certainly fun to watch commercials with Lil Wayne spray a smartphone with champagne or see him dunk it in a fish tank, but if manufacturers are advising against these practices, then they shouldn’t be romanticizing them.

    Sure, it’s probably common sense that your phone shouldn’t take a bath in champagne. Yet life is constantly happening around – and with – our devices, from the shower and the kitchen to the gym and the beach. This means that fairer policies around repair, like those promoted by the right-to-repair movement, and warranties should stop treating consumers like they’re “bad” users.

    After all, we’re each just one splash away from crying over spilled milk.

    Rachel Plotnick does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Debunking 5 myths about when your devices get wet – https://theconversation.com/debunking-5-myths-about-when-your-devices-get-wet-257205

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Robots run out of energy long before they run out of work to do − feeding them could change that

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By James Pikul, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison

    Robots can run, but they can’t go the distance. AP Photo/Ng Han Guan

    Earlier this year, a robot completed a half-marathon in Beijing in just under 2 hours and 40 minutes. That’s slower than the human winner, who clocked in at just over an hour – but it’s still a remarkable feat. Many recreational runners would be proud of that time. The robot kept its pace for more than 13 miles (21 kilometers).

    But it didn’t do so on a single charge. Along the way, the robot had to stop and have its batteries swapped three times. That detail, while easy to overlook, speaks volumes about a deeper challenge in robotics: energy.

    Modern robots can move with incredible agility, mimicking animal locomotion and executing complex tasks with mechanical precision. In many ways, they rival biology in coordination and efficiency. But when it comes to endurance, robots still fall short. They don’t tire from exertion – they simply run out of power.

    As a robotics researcher focused on energy systems, I study this challenge closely. How can researchers give robots the staying power of living creatures – and why are we still so far from that goal? Though most robotics research into the energy problem has focused on better batteries, there is another possibility: Build robots that eat.

    Robots move well but run out of steam

    Modern robots are remarkably good at moving. Thanks to decades of research in biomechanics, motor control and actuation, machines such as Boston Dynamics’ Spot and Atlas can walk, run and climb with an agility that once seemed out of reach. In some cases, their motors are even more efficient than animal muscles.

    But endurance is another matter. Spot, for example, can operate for just 90 minutes on a full charge. After that, it needs nearly an hour to recharge. These runtimes are a far cry from the eight- to 12-hour shifts expected of human workers – or the multiday endurance of sled dogs.

    The issue isn’t how robots move – it’s how they store energy. Most mobile robots today use lithium-ion batteries, the same type found in smartphones and electric cars. These batteries are reliable and widely available, but their performance improves at a slow pace: Each year new lithium-ion batteries are about 7% better than the previous generation. At that rate, it would take a full decade to merely double a robot’s runtime.

    Robots such as Boston Dynamic’s Atlas are remarkably capable – for relatively short amounts of time.

    Animals store energy in fat, which is extraordinarily energy dense: nearly 9 kilowatt-hours per kilogram. That’s about 68 kWh total in a sled dog, similar to the energy in a fully charged Tesla Model 3. Lithium-ion batteries, by contrast, store just a fraction of that, about 0.25 kilowatt-hours per kilogram. Even with highly efficient motors, a robot like Spot would need a battery dozens of times more powerful than today’s to match the endurance of a sled dog.

    And recharging isn’t always an option. In disaster zones, remote fields or on long-duration missions, a wall outlet or a spare battery might be nowhere in sight.

    In some cases, robot designers can add more batteries. But more batteries mean more weight, which increases the energy required to move. In highly mobile robots, there’s a careful balance between payload, performance and endurance. For Spot, for example, the battery already makes up 16% of its weight.

    Some robots have used solar panels, and in theory these could extend runtime, especially for low-power tasks or in bright, sunny environments. But in practice, solar power delivers very little power relative to what mobile robots need to walk, run or fly at practical speeds. That’s why energy harvesting like solar panels remains a niche solution today, better suited for stationary or ultra-low-power robots.

    Why it matters

    These aren’t just technical limitations. They define what robots can do.

    A rescue robot with a 45-minute battery might not last long enough to complete a search. A farm robot that pauses to recharge every hour can’t harvest crops in time. Even in warehouses or hospitals, short runtimes add complexity and cost.

    If robots are to play meaningful roles in society assisting the elderly, exploring hazardous environments and working alongside humans, they need the endurance to stay active for hours, not minutes.

    New battery chemistries such as lithium-sulfur and metal-air offer a more promising path forward. These systems have much higher theoretical energy densities than today’s lithium-ion cells. Some approach levels seen in animal fat. When paired with actuators that efficiently convert electrical energy from the battery to mechanical work, they could enable robots to match or even exceed the endurance of animals with low body fat. But even these next-generation batteries have limitations. Many are difficult to recharge, degrade over time or face engineering hurdles in real-world systems.

    Fast charging can help reduce downtime. Some emerging batteries can recharge in minutes rather than hours. But there are trade-offs. Fast charging strains battery life, increases heat and often requires heavy, high-power charging infrastructure. Even with improvements, a fast-charging robot still needs to stop frequently. In environments without access to grid power, this doesn’t solve the core problem of limited onboard energy. That’s why researchers are exploring alternatives such as “refueling” robots with metal or chemical fuels – much like animals eat – to bypass the limits of electrical charging altogether.

    Robots could one day harvest energy from high-energy-density materials such as aluminum through synthetic digestive and vascular systems.
    Yichao Shi and James Pikul

    An alternative: Robotic metabolism

    In nature, animals don’t recharge, they eat. Food is converted into energy through digestion, circulation and respiration. Fat stores that energy, blood moves it and muscles use it. Future robots could follow a similar blueprint with synthetic metabolisms.

    Some researchers are building systems that let robots “digest” metal or chemical fuels and breathe oxygen. For example, synthetic, stomachlike chemical reactors could convert high-energy materials such as aluminum into electricity.

    This builds on the many advances in robot autonomy, where robots can sense objects in a room and navigate to pick them up, but here they would be picking up energy sources.

    Other researchers are developing fluid-based energy systems that circulate like blood. One early example, a robotic fish, tripled its energy density by using a multifunctional fluid instead of a standard lithium-ion battery. That single design shift delivered the equivalent of 16 years of battery improvements, not through new chemistry but through a more bioinspired approach. These systems could allow robots to operate for much longer stretches of time, drawing energy from materials that store far more energy than today’s batteries.

    In animals, the energy system does more than just provide energy. Blood helps regulate temperature, deliver hormones, fight infections and repair wounds. Synthetic metabolisms could do the same. Future robots might manage heat using circulating fluids or heal themselves using stored or digested materials. Instead of a central battery pack, energy could be stored throughout the body in limbs, joints and soft, tissuelike components.

    This approach could lead to machines that aren’t just longer-lasting but more adaptable, resilient and lifelike.

    The bottom line

    Today’s robots can leap and sprint like animals, but they can’t go the distance.

    Their bodies are fast, their minds are improving, but their energy systems haven’t caught up. If robots are going to work alongside humans in meaningful ways, we’ll need to give them more than intelligence and agility. We’ll need to give them endurance.

    James Pikul receives funding from the Office of Naval Research. He is affiliated with the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Metal Light Inc.

    – ref. Robots run out of energy long before they run out of work to do − feeding them could change that – https://theconversation.com/robots-run-out-of-energy-long-before-they-run-out-of-work-to-do-feeding-them-could-change-that-255940

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: 5 tips for hurricane disaster planning with aging parents starting now, before the storms

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Lee Ann Rawlins Williams, Clinical Assistant Professor of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota

    When I lived in Florida, I had a neighbor named Ms. Carmen. She was in her late 70s, fiercely independent and lived alone with her two dogs and one cat, which were her closest companions.

    Each hurricane season, she would anxiously ask if I would check on her when the winds began to pick up. She once told me: I’m more afraid of being forgotten than of the storm itself. Her fear wasn’t just about the weather; it was about facing it alone.

    When hurricanes hit, we often measure the damage in downed power lines, flooded roads and wind-torn homes. But some of the most serious consequences are harder to see, especially for older adults who may struggle with mobility, chronic health problems and cognitive decline.

    Emergency preparedness plans too often overlook the specific needs of elders in America’s aging population, many of whom live alone. For people like Ms. Carmen, resilience needs to start long before the storm.

    The number of older adults in the U.S. and the percentage of the population age 65 and older have been rising.
    US Census Bureau

    I study disaster preparations and response. To prepare for hurricane season, and any other disaster, I encourage families to work with their older adults now to create an emergency plan. Preparing can help ensure that older adults will be safe, able to contact relatives or others for help, and will have the medications, documents and supplies they need, as well as the peace of mind of knowing what steps to take.

    Recent hurricanes show the gaps

    In 2024, Hurricanes Helene and Milton put a spotlight on the risks to older adults.

    The storms forced thousands of people to evacuate, often to shelters with little more than food supplies and mattresses on the floor and ill-equipped for medical needs.

    Flooding isolated many rural homes, stranding older adults. Power was out for weeks in some areas. Emergency systems were overwhelmed.

    A tornado tore into a senior community in Port St. Lucie, Florida, during Milton, killing six people. Some long-term care facilities lost power and water during Helene.

    At the same time, some older adults chose to stay in homes in harm’s way for fear that they would be separated from their pets or that their homes would be vandalized.

    At least 700 people stayed in chairs or on air mattresses at River Ridge Middle/High School in New Port Richey, Fla., during Hurricane Milton.
    AP Photo/Mike Carlson

    These events are not just tragic, they are predictable. Many older adults cannot evacuate without assistance, and many evacuation centers aren’t prepared to handle their needs.

    How to prepare: 5 key steps

    Helping older adults prepare for emergencies should involve the entire family so everyone knows what to expect. The best plans are personal, practical and proactive, but they will contain some common elements.

    Here are five important steps:

    1. Prepare an emergency folder with important documents.

    Disasters can leave older adults without essential information and supplies that they need, such as prescription lists, financial records, medical devices and – importantly – contact information to reach family, friends and neighbors who could help them.

    Many older adults rely on preprogrammed phone numbers. If their phone is lost or the battery dies, they may not know how to reach friends or loved ones, so it’s useful to have a hard copy of phone numbers.

    Consider encouraging the use of medical ID bracelets or cards for those with memory loss.

    Critical documents like wills, home deeds, powers of attorney and insurance records are frequently kept in physical form and may be forgotten or lost in a sudden evacuation. Use waterproof storage that’s easy to carry, and share copies with trusted caregivers and family members in case those documents are lost.

    2. Have backup medications and equipment.

    Think about that person’s assistive devices and health needs. Having extra batteries on hand is important, as is remembering to bring chargers and personal mobility aids, such as walkers, canes, mobility scooters or wheelchairs. Do not forget that service animals support mobility, so having supplies of their food will be important during a hurricane or evacuation.

    Ask doctors to provide an emergency set of medications in case supplies run low in a disaster.

    If the person is staying in their home, prepare for at least 72 hours of self-sufficiency in case the power goes out. That means having enough bottled water, extra pet food and human food that doesn’t need refrigeration or cooking.

    3. Map evacuation routes and shelter options.

    Identify nearby shelters that will likely be able to support older adults’ mobility and cognitive challenges. If the person has pets, make a plan for them, too – many areas will have at least one pet-friendly shelter, but not all shelters will take pets.

    An older woman crosses a street flooded by torrential rain from Tropical Storm Hilary on Aug. 20, 2023, in Thousand Palms, Calif.
    AP Photo/Mark J. Terrill

    Figure out how the person will get to a shelter, and have a backup plan in case their usual transportation isn’t an option. And decide where they will go and how they will get there if they can’t return home after a storm.

    If your loved one lives in a care facility, ask to see that facility’s hurricane plan.

    4. Create a multiperson check-in system.

    Don’t rely on just one caregiver or family member to check on older adults. Involve neighbors, faith communities or local services such as home-delivered meals, transportation assistance, support groups and senior centers. Redundancy is crucial when systems break down.

    5. Practice the plan.

    Go through evacuation steps in advance so everyone knows what to do. Executing the plan should be second nature, not a scramble during a disaster or crisis.

    Planning with, not just for, older adults

    Emergency planning isn’t something done for older adults – it’s something done with them.

    Elders bring not only vulnerability but also wisdom. Their preferences and autonomy will have to guide decisions for the plan to be successful in a crisis.

    That means listening to their needs, honoring their independence and making sure caregivers have realistic plans in place. It’s an important shift from just reacting to a storm to preparing with purpose.

    Lee Ann Rawlins Williams does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. 5 tips for hurricane disaster planning with aging parents starting now, before the storms – https://theconversation.com/5-tips-for-hurricane-disaster-planning-with-aging-parents-starting-now-before-the-storms-254917

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Is AI sparking a cognitive revolution that will lead to mediocrity and conformity?

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Wolfgang Messner, Clinical Professor of International Business, University of South Carolina

    The Industrial Revolution mechanized production. Today, there’s a similar risk with the automation of thought. kutaytanir/E+ via Getty Images

    Artificial Intelligence began as a quest to simulate the human brain.

    Is it now in the process of transforming the human brain’s role in daily life?

    The Industrial Revolution diminished the need for manual labor. As someone who researches the application of AI in international business, I can’t help but wonder whether it is spurring a cognitive revolution, obviating the need for certain cognitive processes as it reshapes how students, workers and artists write, design and decide.

    Graphic designers use AI to quickly create a slate of potential logos for their clients. Marketers test how AI-generated customer profiles will respond to ad campaigns. Software engineers deploy AI coding assistants. Students wield AI to draft essays in record time – and teachers use similar tools to provide feedback.

    The economic and cultural implications are profound.

    What happens to the writer who no longer struggles with the perfect phrase, or the designer who no longer sketches dozens of variations before finding the right one? Will they become increasingly dependent on these cognitive prosthetics, similar to how using GPS diminishes navigation skills? And how can human creativity and critical thinking be preserved in an age of algorithmic abundance?

    Echoes of the Industrial Revolution

    We’ve been here before.

    The Industrial Revolution replaced artisanal craftsmanship with mechanized production, enabling goods to be replicated and manufactured on a mass scale.

    Shoes, cars and crops could be produced efficiently and uniformly. But products also became more bland, predictable and stripped of individuality. Craftsmanship retreated to the margins, as a luxury or a form of resistance.

    Mass production strips goods of their individuality.
    Costfoto/NurPhoto via Getty Images

    Today, there’s a similar risk with the automation of thought. Generative AI tempts users to conflate speed with quality, productivity with originality.

    The danger is not that AI will fail us, but that people will accept the mediocrity of its outputs as the norm. When everything is fast, frictionless and “good enough,” there’s the risk of losing the depth, nuance and intellectual richness that define exceptional human work.

    The rise of algorithmic mediocrity

    Despite the name, AI doesn’t actually think.

    Tools such as ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini process massive volumes of human-created content, often scraped from the internet without context or permission. Their outputs are statistical predictions of what word or pixel is likely to follow based on patterns in data they’ve processed.

    They are, in essence, mirrors that reflect collective human creative output back to users – rearranged and recombined, but fundamentally derivative.

    And this, in many ways, is precisely why they work so well.

    Consider the countless emails people write, the slide decks strategy consultants prepare and the advertisements that suffuse social media feeds. Much of this content follows predictable patterns and established formulas. It has been there before, in one form or the other.

    Generative AI excels at producing competent-sounding content – lists, summaries, press releases, advertisements – that bears the signs of human creation without that spark of ingenuity. It thrives in contexts where the demand for originality is low and when “good enough” is, well, good enough.

    When AI sparks – and stifles – creativity

    Yet, even in a world of formulaic content, AI can be surprisingly helpful.

    In one set of experiments, researchers tasked people with completing various creative challenges. They found that those who used generative AI produced ideas that were, on average, more creative, outperforming participants who used web searches or no aids at all. In other words, AI can, in fact, elevate baseline creative performance.

    However, further analysis revealed a critical trade-off: Reliance on AI systems for brainstorming significantly reduced the diversity of ideas produced, which is a crucial element for creative breakthroughs. The systems tend to converge toward a predictable middle rather than exploring unconventional possibilities at the edges.

    I wasn’t surprised by these findings. My students and I have found that the outputs of generative AI systems are most closely aligned with the values and worldviews of wealthy, English-speaking nations. This inherent bias quite naturally constrains the diversity of ideas these systems can generate.

    More troubling still, brief interactions with AI systems can subtly reshape how people approach problems and imagine solutions.

    One set of experiments tasked participants with making medical diagnoses with the help of AI. However, the researchers designed the experiment so that AI would give some participants flawed suggestions. Even after those participants stopped using the AI tool, they tended to unconsciously adopt those biases and make errors in their own decisions.

    What begins as a convenient shortcut risks becoming a self-reinforcing loop of diminishing originality – not because these tools produce objectively poor content, but because they quietly narrow the bandwidth of human creativity itself.

    Navigating the cognitive revolution

    True creativity, innovation and research are not just probabilistic recombinations of past data. They require conceptual leaps, cross-disciplinary thinking and real-world experience. These are qualities AI cannot replicate. It cannot invent the future. It can only remix the past.

    What AI generates may satisfy a short-term need: a quick summary, a plausible design, a passable script. But it rarely transforms, and genuine originality risks being drowned in a sea of algorithmic sameness.

    The challenge, then, isn’t just technological. It’s cultural.

    How can the irreplaceable value of human creativity be preserved amid this flood of synthetic content?

    The historical parallel with industrialization offers both caution and hope. Mechanization displaced many workers but also gave rise to new forms of labor, education and prosperity. Similarly, while AI systems may automate some cognitive tasks, they may also open up new intellectual frontiers by simulating intellectual abilities. In doing so, they may take on creative responsibilities, such as inventing novel processes or developing criteria to evaluate their own outputs.

    This transformation is only at its early stages. Each new generation of AI models will produce outputs that once seemed like the purview of science fiction. The responsibility lies with professionals, educators and policymakers to shape this cognitive revolution with intention.

    Will it lead to intellectual flourishing or dependency? To a renaissance of human creativity or its gradual obsolescence?

    The answer, for now, is up in the air.

    Wolfgang Messner receives funding from Center for International Business Education and Research (CIBER) at the University of South Carolina.

    – ref. Is AI sparking a cognitive revolution that will lead to mediocrity and conformity? – https://theconversation.com/is-ai-sparking-a-cognitive-revolution-that-will-lead-to-mediocrity-and-conformity-256940

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Prime Minister hails trade deal successes for Scotland

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    Press release

    Prime Minister hails trade deal successes for Scotland

    From the Highlands to the Borders, Scottish people are set to benefit from the UK’s landmark trade deals with India, US and EU announced in recent weeks.

    • Prime Minister visits historic distillery in Glasgow to discuss trade deal benefits for the Scotch Whisky industry 
    • Follows UK hat trick of trade deals with India, US and EU – improving people’s lives across the country 
    • Deals will help drive growth in Scotland and put more money in the pockets of the hardworking Scottish people

    From the Highlands to the Borders, Scottish people are set to benefit from the UK’s landmark trade deals with India, US and EU announced in recent weeks. 

    The Prime Minister discussed the huge growth opportunities and benefits for Scotland during a visit Clydeside Distillery in Glasgow today. 

    Visit comes after Prime Minister visited BAE Govan this morning to announce the Strategic Defence Review, which will see significant investment in Scotland . More than £2 billion a year is already spent by the Ministry of Defence with industry organisations of all sizes in Scotland, supporting over 25,000 skilled jobs in Scotland. 

    The world-renowned Scotch Whisky industry is set to boom globally – with the Scotch Whisky Association announcing they forecast £1 billion of extra exports in five years, plus 1,200 new jobs thanks to the tariff reductions as part of the UK-India Free Trade Agreement. 

    India is an important market for Scotland, with 457 Scottish businesses exporting a total of £610 million in goods there last year. 

    Under the India trade deal, tariffs have been cut on a range of iconic Scottish goods, from whisky tariffs halved from 150% to 75% and dropping to 40% after 10 years to salmon reduced from 33% to 0%. Iconic Scottish brands like Irn Bru and Scottish shortbread will also see reduced tariffs. 

    Scotland’s thriving life sciences and health tech hubs will be strengthened by IP commitments on areas such as trade secrets and copyright, helping companies export to India with confidence.

    Prime Minister Keir Starmer said:

    Our trade deals with India, US and the EU will slash tariffs on key industries and open markets set to help drive growth in Scotland and put money in the pockets of the hardworking Scottish people, delivering on our Plan for Change. 

    Scotland is home to some of the most world-renowned products, which can now be enjoyed across the globe – all whilst saving Scottish businesses money.  

    That is why we have secured these deals, and why we will continue to go further and faster to improve the lives of everyone in the UK.

    Secretary of State for Scotland Ian Murray said:

    Our trio of trade deals shows we are championing Scottish products and businesses on the global stage. From our world-renowned whisky distilleries to our cutting-edge green energy sector, Scotland has so much to offer international markets. But more importantly as part of our Plan for Change this means more money in people’s pockets.

    By securing better access to the European Union, United States and India, we’re creating real opportunities for Scottish businesses to grow, supporting jobs in communities from the Highlands to the Borders.

    Mark Kent, Chief Executive Officer of the Scotch Whisky Association, said: 

    As the UK’s largest food and drink export to 180 markets worldwide, Scotch Whisky producers welcome the work being done to reduce trade barriers around the world. The landmark UK-India free trade agreement will be transformational for the Scotch Whisky industry over the longer term and has the potential to increase exports to India by £1bn over the next 5 years and creating 1,200 jobs across the UK.

    It’s also constructive to see a potential reduction in the burden on exporters through the UK agreement with the EU. We continue to support the UK government’s efforts to address the issue of tariffs with the US and establish a pathway to return to the zero-for-zero tariff arrangement we have had with the US on spirits for more than 30 years.

    The new agreement with the European Union, the UK’s largest trading market, will directly address challenges faced by Scottish exporters since 2019. The Scottish salmon industry has estimated that between 2019 and 2023, Scottish Salmon export values experienced a net loss of around £75 million. The deal with the EU makes it significantly easier to sell Scottish goods to European markets.

    Updates to this page

    Published 2 June 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –

  • Wave of anger could sweep liberals to victory in South Korea election

    Source: Government of India

    Source: Government of India (4)

    When then-President Yoon Suk Yeol’s martial law decree plunged South Korea into chaos, it plummeted sales at Park Myung-Ja’s diner in Jechon and became a turning point for many voters in the town.

    The 66-year-old chef and restaurant owner is one face of South Korea’s North Chungcheong Province, a swing region that has become even more pivotal at a time of deep political polarisation in Asia’s fourth-largest economy.

    “We need to get furthest away from all that martial law drama to get things back to where they were,” Park said at her Korean restaurant two hours south of Seoul, adding liberal candidate “Lee Jae-myung looks alright for that”.

    Voters are now looking for the winner of the June 3 snap election to calm the economic and political shocks that have roiled the country since Yoon’s December 3 martial law decree led to months of economic downturn and sparked nationwide protests.

    Park’s Chungcheong Province is a key battleground for Kim Moon-soo, candidate for the conservative People Power Party campaigning on deregulations for companies, and liberal Democratic Party frontrunner Lee, who’s vowing to bring back stability after months of turmoil.

    In swing regions such as North Chungcheong Province, where Jechon is located, the ruling conservative party risks losing a big chunk of its vote base with many voters blaming the martial law debacle for weaker private consumption and easing export momentum.

    Park’s business crashed after Yoon’s declaration with some of her biggest customers who are local council officials cancelling dinner reservations in groups of five to 10.

    “The first call I got on Dec. 4 was from a regular customer who does his year-end dinner here every year. I asked him why he is cancelling it, and he said — ‘don’t you watch news?’”

    Lee, who defied Yoon’s martial law decree, had a 10-percentage point lead over Kim in one of the final opinion polls issued on Tuesday with 45% of voters trusting him to revive the economy compared to 32% for Kim.

    Conservatives have criticised Lee for a series of criminal cases he faces over accusations of election law violations, corruption, and other issues, but they have struggled to unify behind a single candidate and to distance themselves from Yoon.

    On Friday, right-winger Kim said voting for Lee would end up “collapsing our economy”, hoping to sway voters in small cities such as Jecheon, an inland town of about 130,000 surrounded by mountainous tourist spots, who are looking for a turning point to revive South Korea’s fortunes.

    But the martial law call continues to weigh heavily on conservative chances.

    “We definitely had fewer customers, especially from office dinners, after the martial law declaration. It did bite us hard,” said Choi, a Chinese restaurant owner in Pangyo, a town south of Seoul.

    “Lee is someone who will uplift more of us who are not doing so well.”

    HEAVY ON SPECTACLE

    Consumer sentiment, which dropped by the most since the outbreak of COVID-19 in December, recovered to pre-martial-law levels of 101.8 in May, on expectations of a fresh stimulus package under a new leader.

    The shock move rattled markets and put the won among the region’s worst-performing currencies of the last year, hurt business sentiment even before exporters absorbed the full force of U.S. President Donald Trump’s punitive tariff policies.
    Now, the strains are setting in, as economic tailwinds from the semiconductor boom and reforms in the capital markets in the past few years are fading.

    Whoever wins the June 3 election will face an economy that contracted in the first quarter, manage negotiations with Washington to avoid high tariffs, and assuage voters such as Park who are seeing their living standards go backwards from elevated grocery bills and weak spending.

    South Korea’s election campaign has been light on policy and heavy on spectacle after twists and turns involving the main candidates.

    “I wish they had taken housing supply and boosting the domestic market more seriously in their pledges,” said 59-year-old Jung Soo-hyeon. “But perhaps because it’s a snap election, that kind of in-depth consideration seems to be missing — which is a bit disappointing.”

    Analysts say voters watched economic pledges closely as consumption has been badly hit.

    A win for Lee could spur “faster economic growth in the short term,” Kim Jin-wook of Citi Research said.

    The Democratic Party “would likely be relatively more keen on providing policy and support for the mid-to-low-income bracket,” he added.

    While both top candidates have pledged to draft a second supplementary budget for the year as soon as the election is over, Lee has also promised vouchers to help local businesses and subsidies for childcare, youth, and the elderly.

    While Lee has backed away from advocating for universal basic income, some voters including Park, who backed Yoon last time, said they see Lee as most likely to look out for their interests.

    “Lee’s party seems to be willing to give out more to those who are struggling,” Park said, emphasizing that “change” is important.

    (Reuters)

  • MIL-OSI Economics: Samsung Solve for Tomorrow 2025: Learn all about Application, Eligibility, Program Structure & More with these FAQs

    Source: Samsung

    The fourth edition of Samsung’s flagship CSR program, Solve For Tomorrow (SFT) 2025, a nationwide education and innovation competition for GenZ, is inviting ambitious innovators to solve real-world issues.
     
    If you too want to apply, then check out these quick FAQs that will help you with your program application.

    What is Samsung Solve for Tomorrow?
    Samsung Solve for Tomorrow is a global CSR initiative present in more than 65 countries. In India, this innovation competition empowers young minds to develop solutions for real-world challenges. Samsung Solve for Tomorrow 2025 is now accepting applications from participants who are keen to solve for challenges in any of the four themes:

    AI for safer, smarter & inclusive Bharat
    Future of health, hygiene & wellbeing in India

    Social Change through Sport & Tech: For Education & Better
    Environmental Sustainability via Technology

     
    Who can participate in the competition?
     
    The competition is open to Indian residents only between 14-22 years of age as on the last day of the competition.
    Individuals or teams of up to three people can apply with an original concept in terms of science and technology or a wholly new product with a social consequence. Without any innovation, new business models may not make it to consideration.
    The team/individual should not have previously obtained funds/awards for the identical proposal from any agency or through other competitions for more than INR five lakhs.
     
    Is there any participation fee?
     
    No, the competition is completely free to enter.
     
    Can I apply for more than one theme?
     
    No, each individual or team is allowed to apply for only one theme. Submitting applications for multiple themes may result in disqualification. Please ensure you carefully select the theme that best aligns with your ides before applying.
     
    What are the key stages of the competition?
     
    The competition consists of multiple stages, and each stage is an elimination stage:

    Application & Idea Submission – Submit your ideas in one of the four themes. Experts from Foundation of Innovation & Technology Transfer (FITT) – IIT Delhi, will review all the applications and 100 teams will be selected to qualify for the next stage. These 100 teams represent 25 teams from each of the theme.
    Top 100 teams – Selected teams receive training from Foundation of Innovation & Technology Transfer (FITT) – IIT Delhi experts and need to submit their video pitches. A panel of experts from Foundation of Innovation & Technology Transfer (FITT) – IIT Delhi, will evaluate the video pitches and 40 shortlisted teams will qualify to the next stage. These 40 teams represent 10 teams from each of the theme.
    Innovation Bootcamp & National Pitch Event for Top 40 teams (semi-finalists) – The Top 40 teams will be invited to an Innovation Bootcamp and will visit Samsung offices in BLR & NCR followed by hands-on training & access to prototyping labs at IIT Delhi. All the Top 40 teams will pitch to a jury panel consisting of experts from Samsung at the National Pitch Event at IIT Delhi. Only 20 teams will be selected to qualify for the last stage. These 20 teams represent 5 teams from each of the theme.
    Grand Finale for Top 20 teams (Finalists) – The Top 20 teams will get 1 on 1 mentoring from Industry experts, IIT Delhi and Samsung to help them prepare for the Grand Finale. At the Grand Finale, the Top 20 teams will get access to prototyping labs at IIT Delhi. The teams will pitch their ideas & prototypes one last time to a grand jury over a period of two days in Delhi NCR. The 4 Winning teams, each representing one theme, will be announced at the end of the Grand Finale in the Awards Ceremony.

     
    Can one participant participate in two different teams?
    No. Please note that any such applications with same participants in each team may lead to disqualification.
     
    Can a school or college apply on the behalf of students?
    No, students must apply individually or as a team with their own registered accounts. In case of minors, parental consent is mandatory to participate in Samsung Solve for Tomorrow 2025.
     
    Can overseas students participate in the competition?
    This competition is open to Indian nationals only.
     
    How do I choose the right theme for my idea?

    AI for safer, smarter & inclusive Bharat – AI-driven solutions improving safety, accessibility and inclusion in India.
    Future of health, hygiene & wellbeing in India – Ideas focused on improving healthcare, nutrition and mental well-being.
    Social Change through Sport & Tech: For Education & Better Futures – to improve education & the way of making a living through Sports and Tech.

    Environmental Sustainability via Technology – Sustainable management approaches to minimize waste and pollution while maximizing reuse, recycling and material regeneration.

     
    Does my idea have to be a working prototype?
     
    No, you can submit a concept or an early-stage idea. All the shortlisted teams will be guided to develop prototypes.
     
    What are the different stages the project can be at?
     

    Idea/Concept – The initial stage where participants identify a problem and propose innovative solutions under the four themes.
    Early Development – The phase where the idea is researched, refined, and a basic plan or model is created.
    Advanced Stage – The solution takes shape with detailed designs, feasibility studies and initial testing.
    Prototype Ready – A functional prototype is developed, demonstrating the solution’s practicality and effectiveness.

     
    Will my idea be made public?
    If your proposal gets selected for further consideration, the issue description and other components will be published on our website, utilized as publicity materials by media partners, and presented at various phases of the program, including the final pitch event. Technical details will be confidential while IP filing is in progress.
     
    How are ideas evaluated, and by whom?
    In the first round, applications will be screened basis their relevance to a social problem, technical feasibility, market potential, and team competence by subject matter experts from the “Foundation of Innovation & Technology Transfer (FITT) – IIT Delhi.” Your idea will fall under examination using the following criteria:

    Innovation and creativity: Uniqueness and originality of the idea
    Impact and Feasibility: Potential to solve real-world challenges.
    Scalability: Ability to expand and benefit a larger audience.
    Technical and Execution capability: Clarity in implementation and development.

    Jury comprising of industry veterans from Samsung and Foundation of Innovation & Technology Transfer (FITT) – IIT Delhi, will screen your ideas in the second, third and fourth rounds.
     
    How will I know if I am successful?
    Samsung will communicate the results to participants through the following channels:

    Official Website: Shortlisted individuals/teams will be announced on the Samsung’s Solve for Tomorrow website for each stage.
    Email Notification: Successful participants will receive direct communications regarding the selection and next steps to the team leads email id.
    Social Media Announcement: Key Competition milestones and winners will be highlighted on the Samsung’s official social media channels.

    Participants are advised to regularly check their emails and the official website for updates.
     
    If I am shortlisted, are there specific dates I need to be available?
    As a part of the competition, shortlisted participants will receive online training covering design thinking, advanced digital masterclasses, and business skills to help them refine their ideas.
    If you progress to Stage 2, you will be required to attend online training sessions on design thinking methodology, digital technologies and mentorship, starting in July 2025.
    For those advancing to Stage 3(Top 40 teams), attendance will be mandatory for Samsung site visits and a residential bootcamp at IIT Delhi in September 2025.
    Finalists (Top 20 teams) moving to Grand Finale will need to be available for additional training sessions on innovation, entrepreneurship, prototyping, intellectual property rights (IPR), and other relevant topics, beginning September 2025.
    Additionally, all finalists must be available to attend the awards ceremony in October 2025.
    Samsung and Foundation of Innovation & Technology Transfer (FITT) – IIT Delhi will provide the exact dates at a later stage.
     
    What activities will be there during the Innovation Bootcamp and National Pitch event?
    The 11-day bootcamp and national pitch event will provide the Top 40 teams with an opportunity to explore Samsung offices and receive specialized training.

    Day 0: Top 40 teams arrive at Bangalore.
    Day 1: Top 40 teams visit Samsung Research Institute Bangalore
    Day 2: Top 40 teams visit Samsung Research Institute Delhi and Noida
    Day 3: Top 40 teams visit Samsung Soutwest Asia Office, Gurugram
    Day 4 to Day 6: Top 40 teams will undergo three days of on-site training at IIT Delhi focused on refining the ideas and identifying effective problem-solving approaches.
    Day 7: Rest day
    Day 8 and Day 9: Top 40 teams get two days of lab access to further develop and enhance their prototypes.
    Day 10 and Day 11: Top 40 teams pitch their ideas to the Jury members from Samsung and Foundation of Innovation & Technology Transfer (FITT) – IIT Delhi.
    Day 12: Participants return to their respective home locations.

     
    Who will bear the travel and accommodation cost for the boot camp?
    Samsung will take care of your accommodation and travel requirements (Selected teams will receive all the details and guidelines). For participants below 18, Samsung will provide accommodation & travel for a parent/guardian.
     
    What to expect at Grand Finale?
     
    Prototyping Day at IIT Delhi (1 day):
     

    Finalists will have a dedicated day to refine and enhance their prototypes before the finale at IIT-Delhi.
    Access to the prototyping labs will be provided to all the Top 20 teams.

    Grand Finale in Delhi-NCR (2 days):

    Final presentations and pitches to a panel of industry leaders and experts.
    Evaluation based on innovation, feasibility, and impact.
    Networking opportunities with Samsung and Foundation of Innovation & Technology Transfer (FITT) – IIT Delhi, investors and other dignitaries.
    Investor Meet-up on day 1 of Grand finale.
    Announcement of winners and award ceremony on day 2 of the Grand Finale.

    Will Samsung or Foundation of Innovation & Technology Transfer (FITT) – IIT Delhi own my idea?
    No, you will be the sole owner of the concept and the intellectual property. The role of Samsung and Foundation of Innovation & Technology Transfer (FITT) – IIT Delhi will be to assist you only in developing it.
    Will the competition provide incubation support for the selected teams?
    Yes, the 4 winning teams will be provided incubation at IIT Delhi and funding of INR 1 Crore to further develop and scale their ideas. This includes mentorship from industry experts, guidance on business strategies, and access to resources that can assist in turning innovative concepts into viable solutions.
    Participants will receive mentorship from experienced professionals in fields such as technology, business strategy, design thinking and entrepreneurship. The support will help refine their solutions and prepare them for real-world implementation.
    Are there any grants or financial awards for winners?
    Yes, the competition offers financial support at different stages to help teams enhance their projects:
    Funding for Shortlisted Teams:

    Top 40 Teams: Each team will receive INR 20,000 to further develop their project.
    Top 20 Teams: Each team will receive INR 100,000 enhance their prototype and project.

    Grant Prize for Winners:
     

    Winning 4 teams: A total grant of INR 1 Crore will be awarded across the winners.
    The winning teams will also receive incubation support at FITT, IIT Delhi to refine their project and make it market-ready.

     
    Special awards:
    In addition to the main grants, four special awards will be given:
     

    Social Media Champion Award – INR 50,000
    Awarded to one team from the Top 20 for the highest number of posts and engagement across social media platforms (e.g. Facebook, LinekdIn, and Instagram)
    Goodwill Award / Audience Choice ward – INR 100,000 each

    Two teams from the top 20 will receive INR 100,000 each, based on maximum audience votes during the Grand Finale.

    Young Innovators Award / Women in Innovation Award – INR 100,000 each

    The jury for their outstanding innovation and contribution will select two teams from the Top 20. Each team will receive INR 100,000.
     
    Where can I read the competition Terms & Conditions?
    You can read the full terms and conditions and privacy notice for Solve for Tomorrow 2025 here.
     
    My question is not answered here
    Contact us at solvefortomorrow@samsung.com if you have any further queries or require assistance.
     
     

    MIL OSI Economics –

  • MIL-OSI USA: How Economics Nearly Drove New England’s White-Tailed Deer to Extinction

    Source: US State of Connecticut

    With a desire to learn why people overuse natural resources, recent UConn Department of Anthropology graduate and affiliate research scientist Elic Weitzel ’24 Ph.D analyzes centuries-old deer bones to study unsustainable practices of the past to help lend insights into how we can avoid making the same mistakes and instead work toward a sustainable future.

    In research published in the Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Weitzel builds upon his previous historical ecological studies on deer in precolonial New England to detail how the population changed post colonization. Estimated at around 30 million in what is now known as precolonial North America, the white-tailed deer population was overhunted and experienced a steep decline to between 300,000 and 500,000 at the beginning of the 20th century.

    “Essentially, we know a lot about white-tailed deer from historical records and accounts, but much of that hasn’t been synthesized fully with the archeological data yet,” says Weitzel, who is now a Peter Buck Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. “With this paper, I started to bridge that gap, as a lot of my previous work focused on precolonial archeological sites, and in this paper, I’m looking at a 17th century site.”

    Animal bones excavated from the Morgan Site, a precolonial Wangunk tribal village located in what is now Rocky Hill, CT. Many of these bones are white-tailed deer. (Contributed photo)

    Weitzel analyzed white-tailed deer bones from two sites in the Connecticut River Valley. One site represented the precolonization time period, and the other represented the 17th century. He looked for evidence indicating the age of the animal and the animal’s body size, while also noting the abundance of bones of animals at different ages. More juveniles indicate higher hunting pressure, as hunters generally only take yearlings and fawns if they can’t get enough large adults.

    Weitzel found that white-tailed deer populations appeared to thrive prior to European colonization, when deer were large and abundant, with little to no evidence of hunting pressure from the Indigenous population. However, things soon changed.

    “Comparing the precolonial pattern to the mid-to-late 17th-century data set, the deer populations started to decline pretty early. A lot of the historical accounts focus on declines in the 19th century, but this paper, I think, finds some early evidence that it started very soon after Europeans showed up,” Weitzel says.

    A common explanation for animal population declines is overexploitation by a growing human population, which would have negatively impacted deer in the 18th and 19th centuries, but Weitzel says that doesn’t appear to be the case in the 17th century.

    “Native Americans were eating the meat, using the hides, using the antlers and the bones for tools and things, and they were certainly exchanging these deer and deer products to some extent,” says Weitzel. “But with the arrival of Europeans in the 17th century, you’re now integrating New England into the early mercantile capitalist economic system with new pressures, and deer as a natural resource are now being valued in a new way that’s designed for going after profit more than the utilitarian needs of people.”

    Weitzel says this case study yields interesting and vital lessons for understanding sustainable natural resource use.

    “The precolonial pattern, where white tailed deer populations were doing well prior to the arrival of Europeans, speaks to some level of sustainability in these Indigenous economic systems,” Weitzel says.

    One notable contrast between the systems, for example, is the vastly different definitions of what it meant to “own” the land. For Europeans, this meant that purchase gave full rights to use the resources however the owner wanted, even if it meant destroying that land, which is a very different definition from Indigenous understandings of ownership, says Weitzel.

    Another important insight from Weitzel’s work counters a popular and contentious argument for sustainability, that human populations put pressure on resources, therefore the best solution is to reduce the human population. Weitzel found human precolonization population levels were higher than in the 17th century, meaning that the hunting pressure on the deer population was not correlated with higher human populations.

    “All else being equal, fewer people will consume fewer resources, so there is an inherent sustainability with that, but I think it’s more complex. There’s a different system of ownership and resource management in Indigenous societies that I think is probably contributing to whatever degree of sustainability we’re seeing,” Weitzel says.

    Post-colonization, Native American populations declined precipitously, says Weitzel, due to disease and colonial violence. European settler populations were initially low and grew more rapidly in the 18th century, so the population argument falls flat because there was an overall human population low in the 17th century, when deer populations began to decline.

    It’s not just the existence of people on a landscape that inherently causes damage, says Weitzel, pointing out that humans have been an integral part of all sorts of ecosystems for 300,000 years in the case of our species, and longer in the case of our hominin ancestors.

    Elic Weitzel excavating at the Hollister Site – a 17th century English frontier homestead located in what is now South Glastonbury, CT – with volunteers from the Friends of the Office of State Archaeology (FOSA). (Photo by Scott Brady)

    “Our species has had a wide variety of impacts on these ecosystems, and a lot of them have been beneficial and healthy,” Weitzel says. “It’s entirely possible for us, as just another animal, to integrate into these ecosystems in ways that are not inherently damaging.”

    Weitzel argues it was the shift to valuing nature in light of economics, not some inherently destructive tendency of human nature, that was at play in causing the deer population to crash. The misanthropic tendency to think humans are inherently bad for the planet leads to advocating for reducing human populations, Weitzel explains, and this narrative is often pushed by think tanks and prominent environmental advocates.

    “We must pay attention to the fact that even if you have fewer people, if the fewer people are still engaging in these extractive and exploitative economic practices, you’re still going to get ecological harm. Therefore, it’s not something inherent to our species or associated directly with large populations. In my mind, it really does come down to the economics,” says Weitzel. “I think that if we really want to pursue sustainability, we need to start seriously considering alternative economic structures that allow the broader public to influence these economic systems more democratically.”

    Weitzel says an additional detail that explains deer overexploitation comes down to another aspect of society – fashion.

    “What’s happening in the 17th century is interesting, because I feel a lot of it is driven by trends in clothing and fashion. There’s historical evidence that people are wearing much more elaborate outfits, oftentimes made of deerskin leather. It’s interesting how social signaling and this kind of communication that we engage in through the clothes might have inspired this increased exploitation of the deer populations that I saw in the 17th century” he says. “It’s a fascinating example of something that seems innocuous, like fashion and clothing, potentially causing quite severe problems.”

    It points to the troubling trend that has led to the decline or extinction of species across the globe, says Weitzel, “Once you start commodifying animals and commodifying nature, problems happen.”

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI Economics: Diogo Guillen: Speech – Thematic Workshop on Securities Statistics and DGI-3 Recommendation 4 on Climate Finance

    Source: Bank for International Settlements

    Good morning, everyone.

    It is with great pleasure that I welcome all participants to the Thematic Workshop on Securities Statistics and DGI-3 Recommendation 4 on Climate Finance.

    For all of you who are visiting us, I wish you have an excellent stay in Brasília. I would like also to thank Johannes, from the ECB, and Bruno, from the BIS, for co-organizing this workshop with the support from the Irving Fisher Committee on Central Bank Statistics.

    For the Banco Central do Brasil it is a privilege to host this important event, and we welcome the opportunity to bring this subject closer to us, furthering the engagement of our teams.

    I am confident that, just as happened last year when we also had the privilege of hosting the Global DGI Conference, in the context of the Brazilian Presidency of the G20, this engagement will not only be important for the activities we are currently developing but it will also bear fruit for years to come.

    Another special reason to welcome the holding of this workshop in Brazil is that it coincides with the 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30), which will be held in Belém in November.

    In this workshop, we will focus on the production of climate finance statistics. We are all aware of the importance of undertaking efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change and to promote socially and environmentally sustainable investments.

    The development of instruments and markets designed to channel resources into investments capable of generating positive impacts on the environment and society is an initiative with very good potential for success. Attracting investors’ interest to this cause may be a task for marketing professionals around the world. But an inescapable responsibility lies with us, as data producers.

    We have the ability and the duty to produce the necessary information to generate knowledge and provide visibility to this market, as well as support for analysis and policy decision-making.

    The data produced will provide insight into the current state of climate finance markets, allowing us to assess their growth pace and its relative significance. They will help to determine whether this market has already reached a significant scale-or, if not, when it might become truly impactful based on its current pace of growth.

    In this context, although it is not the responsibility of this Working Group or the DGI in general, it is worth emphasizing the importance of certification processes to ensure that the resources raised in climate finance markets are indeed directed toward the environmental and social purposes for which they were intended. It is essential to reduce the risk of greenwashing; otherwise, the proposed objectives will not be achieved, and statistics will give wrong or biased information for its users.

    I would like to make a brief comment on climate finance in Brazil and the statistics we need to produce. Monica will bring to you more details shortly in a presentation on this topic, but I just want to mention that Brazil has a flourishing market for green and sustainable bonds, with a significant number of companies having successfully issued such instruments. We have also had two sovereign issuances by the National Treasury, which were very well received, amounting to USD 4 billion (with a demand of above USD10 billion)

    Regarding the production of statistics, we still face some challenges, such as the convergence of taxonomies used across different data sources. In some of these sources, the taxonomy is well-established and well-aligned with international standards. It is our job to make sure that the taxonomies for the other ones will not stray from these standards. However, we understand that the availability of data that can be progressively expanded or refined is an important step in this process.

    It is also important to highlight that we have benefited directly from the results achieved in DGI Phase 2, when we began to produce and disseminate comprehensive statistics on debt securities issued and held by companies, households, and the government in Brazil.

    I conclude by emphasizing the importance of the work all of us are doing in this group and, of course, of the data we are going to make available. When it comes to raising funds for investment, it is clearly not possible to attract interest in a market segment that lacks data.

    It is our responsibility to produce and disseminate data that will enable the monitoring of the development of the climate finance market. It is our expectation that, by producing these statistics, we will be making a significant and indispensable contribution to the development of these markets and, consequently, to the building of a better world.

    I wish we all have an excellent workshop.

    Thank you.

    MIL OSI Economics –

  • MIL-OSI Economics: Robert Holzmann: Monetary policy and structural tectonic shifts

    Source: Bank for International Settlements

    Ladies and gentlemen, distinguished guests!

    Welcome to this year’s OeNB Annual Economics Conference in cooperation with SUERF.

    I would like to start by warmly welcoming everyone – whether you are joining us in person here at the OeNB or online. My sincere thanks go to our esteemed speakers, panelists and researchers for sharing their time and expertise. I would also like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to all those behind the scenes, whose hard work and dedication are making this event possible and enjoyable for us all.

    At last year’s conference, we explored the theme “The central bank of the future: opportunities and challenges.” And our discussions then laid important groundwork for the issues we are facing today. Over the past year, we have witnessed a series of substantial challenges, each with the potential to reshape the global economic landscape and, in turn, the very framework in which monetary policy must operate.

    It is in this context that we are approaching this year’s theme: “Monetary policy and structural tectonic shifts.” Much like how we feel and see tectonic shifts through earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, our world has recently experienced economic and geopolitical tremors – disruptions that have shaken long-held assumptions and institutions. In my opening remarks, I will briefly highlight three key developments that reflect these shifts, offering insights into their implications and addressing the critical questions they pose for the future of monetary policy.

    Some reflections on the past twelve months

    Let me start by looking back. Since our last conference, the inflation landscape has shifted significantly. Following a period of sharp price increases, we took decisive monetary policy action that helped to stabilize the situation. Encouragingly, these efforts were fruitful, and in June 2024, we began a process of gradually reducing key interest rates. With seven consecutive rate adjustments, we brought the deposit facility rate down to its current level of 2.25%.

    However, the inflation surge and subsequent developments have also revealed new layers of complexity in maintaining price stability. Today, central banks must navigate an environment that is more intricate than ever before. Traditional tools often behave in unpredictable ways when used in times of global disruptions. During the recent inflationary period, the factors at the forefront of our concerns included disrupted supply chains, volatile energy markets and the ongoing unwinding of unconventional monetary policy instruments.

    As we look ahead, I believe we must approach the current challenges in two distinct blocks. First, what emerging trends would have shaped the economic and financial landscape if the current tectonic shifts originating in the United States had not occurred? In this context, I will touch on artificial intelligence, financial innovation and new insights into the natural rate of interest or r-star. Second, now, a couple of months into the second term of the Trump presidency, we find ourselves facing new challenges in truly uncharted territory. Frequently shifting economic signals from the United States continue to inject an added layer of unpredictability, further complicating the already complex task of policymaking.

    Three big challenges shaping the future of money and policy

    Let me briefly point out three big challenges we were already dealing with before Donald Trump got reelected. First, I would like to draw your attention to an innovation in the cryptocurrency sphere that has gained growing relevance and with a potential systemic impact: stablecoins. Unlike highly volatile crypto assets such as Bitcoin or Ethereum, stablecoins are pegged to reference assets like the US dollar, offering greater price stability and edging closer to meeting the traditional functions of money. Dollar-pegged stablecoins such as Tether and USDC have grown substantially in both market capitalization and global reach. Yet, as highlighted by Fed Board Governor Christoph Waller, this rapid growth brings with it serious regulatory and monetary policy implications.1

    Second, also in the realm of technology, recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to fundamentally alter the way we live – and, by extension, the structure of the global economy. I suspect that most of today’s audience has already interacted with AI in some form, whether for highly productive purposes or perhaps for more casual experimentation. Yet, the broader implications of AI extend far beyond personal use. From reshaping entire industries to transforming the very nature of work, AI introduces both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges. One critical issue is that traditional economic indicators may fall short in capturing the true impact of AI-driven innovation, especially in knowledge-based sectors (see Baily, Brynjolfsson and Korinek, 2023).

    Third, and this is where many of the points I have raised are coming together, the natural rate of interest, or r-star, has returned to center stage, with recent estimates suggesting a modest upward shift. In a recent paper, we examined the key factors influencing r-star. While overall productivity remains a fundamental driver, demographic trends also play a crucial role. Here, the outlook remains largely unchanged: our societies continue to age, and uncertainty persists about the long-term economic impact of migration. Therefore, pension reforms, such as raising the retirement age, could generate meaningful, and potentially lasting, upward effects on r-star (Breitenfellner et al., 2024).

    Let me now briefly touch on the enormous global investment needed to fight climate change and how this connects to r-star. According to the International Energy Agency, annual investment in clean energy must reach USD 4.5 trillion by 2030 so that we stay on track for the 1.5-degree target.2 Closing this gap through targeted public and private investment is not just a moral imperative butcan also raise the global natural rate of interest. Productive, climate-aligned capital deepens investment demand and improves growth prospects, especially in regions with untapped potential. In this way, the green transition can contribute not only to achieving climate goals but also to ensuring macroeconomic sustainability.

    Finally, central banks are very aware of the changing world and thus regularly engage in thorough reviews of their strategies. The Federal Reserve’s current review, for instance, focuses on two main areas: an analysis of its policy approach, and its tools for communicating policy. Notably, the Federal Open Market Committee’s 2% long-run inflation target is not part of this review. The Bank of Canada has reviewed its extraordinary policy actions during the COVID-19 crisis (ranging from emergency rate cuts to quantitative easing and forward guidance) and found that they had been crucial in stabilizing financial markets, supporting economic recovery.3 Also, the Eurosystem is currently engaged in an intermediate strategy review, incorporating the lessons of recent years to refine and enhance our policy decisions. This ongoing process underscores our commitment to continuously improving decision-making in a rapidly evolving environment. While some of these reviews are still ongoing, I expect that many of the topics we are discussing today will be part of them.

    A new US administration and the dramatic shifts it has unleashed

    In my view, these were the pressing issues of our time even before US President Trump was reelected. And now, in his new term, we have already seen an unprecedented series of tectonic shifts, not only economically, but also in terms of global organization and institutional dynamics. To make sense of where we stand today, let me offer some structure, outlining four key challenges that have emerged since President Trump took office.

    First, current US foreign and trade policies have triggered a series of events that continue to reverberate across Europe and the global economy. Frequent shifts in trade policy have fueled economic uncertainty, undermining stability and resulting in tangible losses for all parties involved. Yet, there is currently no clear consensus in the academic literature on how monetary policy should best respond to such persistent and politically driven uncertainty.

    Second, the Trump administration has decided to withdraw from important supranational initiatives and bodies, like the Paris Agreement and the World Health Organization. Even membership in the International Monetary Fund is currently under question. The US leaving the IMF would drastically reduce the international role of the USA and the US dollar even more. When a major global economy becomes an unreliable partner, it puts significant additional strain on already fragile global markets, making economic forecasts more complex and policy decisions even more challenging in an already uncertain environment.

    Third, given this heightened uncertainty, the international role of the euro can be expected to grow. Amid erratic tariff decisions and threats to the Federal Reserve, global investors have shifted away from US assets toward gold, which leads to a depreciation of the US dollar. While this shift presents an opportunity for the euro to emerge as a more reliable and stable reserve currency, it also raises new questions for monetary policy. The well-known Triffin dilemma reminds us that countries issuing global reserve currencies are faced with the structural tension that builds when they must run trade deficits to provide global liquidity, even at the expense of long-term economic stability at home. For central banks, this creates a complex balancing act.

    Fourth, a United States that appears less committed to Western security significantly weakens the military capabilities of NATO and leaves Europe more vulnerable to external threats. In response to these shifting dynamics, European countries have initiated a review of their common defense strategy and announced substantial increases in defense spending. As these fiscal impulses begin to unfold across the economy, the Eurosystem must remain highly vigilant, closely monitoring any inflationary pressures and responding with determination if needed.

    How can we rethink monetary policy in a period of tectonic shifts?

    Central banks must constantly adapt to a changing environment. That is why the Eurosystem has committed to regularly reviewing its strategy. Indeed, as I have mentioned before, we are currently undertaking an intermediate strategy review. This process draws on the lessons of recent years to refine and strengthen our approach to policymaking. It reflects our firm commitment to continuously improving how we assess, decide and act in a rapidly evolving environment.

    In today’s sessions, we will hear from keynote speakers Daniel Gros of Bocconi University and Huw Pill of the Bank of England, alongside a panel of distinguished experts. Their insights will help bring together academic perspectives and policy practice, enriching our collective understanding. Tomorrow, we will delve deeper into recent academic research and consider its implications for the future of monetary policy.

    With that, I wish all of us a stimulating, thought-provoking and productive conference. I am confident that our discussions will not only deepen our understanding of the challenges ahead but also spark fresh ideas. Let us approach today’s tectonic shifts not merely as threats, but as opportunities to shape a more resilient and forward-looking monetary policy.

    Thank you!

    Bibliography

    Baily, M., E. Brynjolfsson and A. Korinek. 2023. Machines of mind: The case for an AI-powered productivity boom. Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/machines-of-mind-the-case-for-an-ai-powered-productivity-boom/ (accessed on May 13, 2025).

    Bloom, N. 2009. The impact of uncertainty shocks. In: Econometrica, 77 (3). 623–685.

    Bloom, N., M. Floetotto, N. Jaimovich, I. Saporta-Eksten and S. J. Terry. 2018. Really uncertain business cycles. In: Econometrica. 86 (3). 1031–1065.

    Breitenfellner, A., R. Holzmann, W. Pointner, A. Raggl, R. Sellner, M. Silgoner, A. Stelzer and A. Stiglbauer. 2024. How can a decline in R* be reversed? Productivity,  retirement age, and the green transition. OeNB Occasional Paper No. 9.

    Holston, K., T. Laubach and J. C. Williams. 2023. Measuring the Natural Rate of Interest after COVID-19 (No. 1063). Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

    MIL OSI Economics –

  • Mizoram schools shut for third day due to rain

    Source: Government of India

    Source: Government of India (4)

    All the government and private schools in Mizoram remained closed on Monday due to heavy rains that triggered landslides, rockfalls, and waterlogging in different parts of the mountainous state, officials said.

    A senior official of the School Education Department said that Deputy Commissioners of all 11 districts issued separate notifications closing the schools on Monday as a precautionary measure to ensure the safety of the students.

    After the beginning of the current spell of heavy rain, earlier, schools were closed across the state for two days on May 29 and May 30.

    However, there was no rain in the state capital, Aizawl, till Monday afternoon.

    Aizawl District Deputy Commissioner Lalhriatpuia, in a notification, said that due to torrential rainfall in the past few days, which resulted in mudflows, landslides, rockfalls and other calamities at various locations within the district, the district authority deems it appropriate to suspend attendance of school-going students for their safety and well-being. This decision has been arrived at after perusing the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) district-wise warning for June 2 (Monday) and appropriate consultation with relevant stakeholders of the Aizawl District Disaster Management Authority (ADDMA).

    Mizoram Chief Minister Lalduhoma on Sunday held a review meeting with the ministers concerned and senior officials.

    According to a preliminary report of the Disaster Management and Rehabilitation (DMR) Department, 60 houses have collapsed and 69 families have been evacuated from their houses due to the risk of collapse.

    A total of 211 landslides have been reported in different parts of the state till Sunday evening, highways blocked at 83 locations, and four retaining walls have collapsed, the report said. Additionally, rising water levels in riverside habitation areas were reported.

    All the Deputy Commissioners also submitted detailed status reports from their respective districts.

    During Sunday’s meeting, the Chief Minister expressed his gratitude to all those working tirelessly across the state, including first responders, support teams, and personnel involved in evacuation and relief operations. He lauded the resilience of the Mizo people and urged continued support for affected individuals and families.

    A key priority highlighted in the meeting was ensuring that access to district headquarters and the airport remains uninterrupted by keeping essential roads operational.

    Lalduhoma also directed that adequate funds be allocated to all District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) and that relief funds for victims be released at the earliest. It was resolved that disaster-affected areas must be continuously monitored under the supervision of the Department of Disaster Management and Rehabilitation (DM&R). Comprehensive and timely reports are to be submitted to the central government to ensure proper coordination and response.

    The meeting was attended by Home Minister K. Sapdanga, PWD Minister Vanlalhlana, DM&R Minister Prof. Lalnilawma, Public Health Engineering Minister F. Rodingliana, and several senior government officials.

    (IANS)

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: CHP investigates sporadic case of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection

    Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

    CHP investigates sporadic case of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection 
    The case involves a 59-year-old man with good past health who attended the Accident and Emergency Department of Tseung Kwan O Hospital on April 28 due to an acute neurological condition, and was transferred to the neurosurgery ward of Kwong Wah Hospital (KWH) for hospitalisation on the same day. He developed bloody diarrhoea on May 9, and this symptom has been resolving since May 12 after treatment. He remains hospitalised for his acute neurological condition and is now in stable condition. His household contact is asymptomatic.
     
    His stool sample tested positive for STEC.
     
         A preliminary investigation by the CHP revealed that the patient had consumed food in the community during the early stage of the incubation period, including patronising restaurants and consuming takeaway food at home. The CHP obtained detailed information from his household member about the food he consumed at home and the cooking process. No high-risk factors were identified. However, the patient could not provide any information on the restaurants he had patronised due to his current health condition. Since the patient was hospitalised during part of the incubation period, CHP staff, for the sake of prudence, visited KWH to investigate and identify the source of the infection.
     
    The other patients who had been hospitalised in the same ward as the patient in question and the medical staff working in the ward were asymptomatic. Arrangements have been made to test stool samples from other patients hospitalised in the same ward and from the healthcare workers responsible for feeding the patient.
     
    The CHP also took environmental samples and samples of the nutritional products consumed by the patient concerned during his stay at KWH. The results showed that all the stool samples from the healthcare workers and patients, and all environmental and nutritional product samples from the ward, were negative for STEC. The CHP has also stepped up surveillance of staff and patients in the ward, and no other cases have been detected. Therefore, the CHP believes that the patient was more likely to have been infected in the community, though the source has not yet been confirmed.
     
    The CHP has recorded one to six cases of STEC infection annually in the past five years (2020 to 2024). The CHP has recorded two cases of STEC infection (including the case announced above) in the first five months of this year. There is no rising trend or abnormal cluster. In general, STEC infections are usually associated with the consumption of contaminated food or water, such as raw or undercooked meat products, contaminated fruits and vegetables, and unpasteurised dairy products. Direct person-to-person transmission through the faecal-oral route can also occur. The public are advised to observe good personal and food hygiene.
    　
    Members of the public may refer to the CHP’s webpageIssued at HKT 19:33

    NNNN

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News –

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Press release – Challenges that AI poses for the culture and the creative sectors in Europe and the US

    Source: European Parliament 3

    During a delegation to Los Angeles, Culture Committee MEPs discussed copyright rules, fair pay, and working conditions in a changing digital environment.

    A delegation of MEPs from the Committee on Culture and Education (CULT) travelled to Los Angeles, from 26 to 29 May, to learn first-hand about the impact of AI and other digital transformative technologies and innovations on the culture and creative industries and the news media sector.

    The delegation met with representatives of film and music studios, streaming platforms, labour unions representing writers, directors, actors and other industry professionals, public media representatives and Congresswoman Laura Friedman.

    “Our constructive meetings shed light on a broad range of common concerns with our US interlocutors, such as possible incentive systems for the film making industry to produce locally,” MEPs said in a joint statement.

    Making the most of disruptive technological advancements or tackling the potential risks brought on by the use of AI – in particular deepfakes, algorithmic bias, and threats to creators’ interests – are common challenges the EU and US culture and creative industries face. MEPs also observed a willingness to put in place solutions allowing the sectors to thrive mutually on both continents.

    The interlocutors the MEPs met referred to the fact that the major film studios prefer contractual relationships on copyright, rather than privileging a regulatory approach. In addition, they learned about the new protections for creative workers brought about by the 2023 writers’ strike, the Human Artistry Campaign, and the NO FAKES Act aimed at preventing the unauthorised use of faces and voices.

    Concerning the music sector, MEPs discussed how to better support and protect artists against possible AI-generated threats, improve the exposure of their work, investment, and representation of diverse musical works across platforms. The challenges brought on by transformative digital technologies, MEPs said, need to be tackled through fit-for-purpose regulatory provisions, clarifying guidelines, and efficient enforcement tools.

    “Our meetings clearly showed that the EU provides best practices in the field and has a leading legislative role in addressing these challenges, notably with the AI Act that has been welcomed by numerous stakeholders,” MEPs said. ”In the current evolving digital landscape, we consider our visit to Los Angeles as a highly useful and enriching way to foster transatlantic collaboration based on open and constructive dialogue in the culture and creative sectors. United, we are stronger in facing the challenges AI poses for culture and the creative sectors.”

    The delegation was led by Nela Riehl (Greens, Germany), and included Bogdan Andrzej Zdrojewski (EPP, Poland), Manuela Ripa (EPP Germany), Hannes Heide (S&D, Austria), Marcos Ros Sempere (S&D, ES), Catherine Griset (PfE, France), Ivaylo Valchev (ECR, Bulgaria), and Laurence Farreng (Renew, France).

    Read the full statement by the CULT delegation.

    MIL OSI Europe News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Joint Statement from IAM Union and TCU on U.S. Labor Department’s Decision to Effectively End Job Corps Program

    Source: US GOIAM Union

    WASHINGTON, May 31, 2025 – Brian Bryant, International President of the 600,000-member IAM Union (International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers), and Artie Maratea, TCU/IAM National President, issued the following statement on the U.S. Department of Labor’s plan to effectively end the majority of Job Corps programs by June 30, 2025:  

    “4,500 current students were homeless before they found refuge, and a future, at Job Corps. This decision will not only send these kids back to the streets, but it will strip opportunity away from 35,000 of our nation’s most vulnerable youth, and destroy a pipeline that has led to tens of thousands of stable, middle-class jobs. 

    “TCU/IAM has run a small, but advanced Job Corps training program since 1971, placing more than 16,000 students in high-paying careers in the railroad, aviation and other industries – as well as the military. These students come exclusively from low-income or at-risk backgrounds, and Job Corps turns their lives around by providing them with the tools and support they need to build real, meaningful futures. 

    “Students in the Job Corps training program learn how to be the best candidates for entry-level jobs in various trades. And thanks to this partnership, these students also see the value unions bring to the transportation careers they seek.

    “We call on the Trump Administration reverse this decision before it’s too late, and preserve this life-changing program that has provided young people with the tools and support to build a future. Ending the Job Corps program is not just abandoning students; it is turning our backs on the future workforce of America.

    “We will engage with elected officials, community leaders, and other union leaders to help save this vital program for our nation’s youth.”

    Job Corps offers slots for over 50,000 young people each year obtain vocational training from the U.S. Department of Labor. Over 3 million students have been served since its inception in 1962.

    The Transportation Communications Union/IAM proudly represents 35,000 members across the U.S., primarily in the railroad industry. TCU merged with the IAM in 2012 and remains a powerful force for workers. 

    The IAM Union (International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers) is one of North America’s largest and most diverse industrial trade unions, representing approximately 600,000 active and retired members in the aerospace, defense, airlines, shipbuilding, railroad, transit, healthcare, automotive, and other industries across the United States and Canada.

    goIAM.org | @IAM_Union

    The post Joint Statement from IAM Union and TCU on U.S. Labor Department’s Decision to Effectively End Job Corps Program appeared first on IAM Union.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: SBA Loans are a Meaningful Option for Arkansas Storm Survivors

    Source: US Federal Emergency Management Agency

    Headline: SBA Loans are a Meaningful Option for Arkansas Storm Survivors

    SBA Loans are a Meaningful Option for Arkansas Storm Survivors

    LITTLE ROCK, Ark

    – Low-interest disaster loans from the U

    S

    Small Business Administration are available to Arkansas residents, businesses of all sizes and nonprofit organizations that are recovering from back-to-back severe storms, tornadoes and flooding that swept across the state March 14-15 and April 2-22

     Residents and businesses in Greene, Hot Spring, Independence, Izard, Jackson, Lawrence, Randolph, Sharp and Stone counties may now apply if they had damage in the March storms

    Similarly, residents and businesses affected by the April storms, tornadoes and flooding in Clark, Clay, Craighead, Crittenden, Desha, Fulton, Hot Spring, Jackson, Miller, Ouachita, Pulaski, Randolph, Saline, Sharp, St

    Francis and White counties may also apply

    FEMA partners with other agencies to help meet the needs of disaster survivors

    Disaster loans are the largest source of federal recovery funds for storm survivors

    They help private property owners pay for disaster losses not covered by insurance, local or state programs

    SBA loans also cover deductibles and increased cost of compliance after a disaster

    Survivors should not wait for an insurance settlement before submitting an SBA loan application

    Interest rates on disaster loans can be as low as 2

    75% for homeowners and renters, 3

    62% for private nonprofit organizations and 4% for businesses, with terms up to 30 years for physical damage to real estate, inventory, supplies, machinery and equipment

    Loan amounts and terms are set by SBA and are based on each applicant’s financial condition

    Survivors are not required to begin repaying the loan and the interest does not begin to accumulate for 12 months from the date the first disaster loan disbursement is awarded

    Homeowners may be eligible for a disaster loan of up to $500,000 for primary residence repairs or rebuilding

    SBA may also be able to help homeowners and renters with up to $100,000 to replace important personal property, including automobiles damaged or destroyed in the storms

    Businesses of all sizes and private nonprofit organizations may borrow up to $2 million to repair or replace damaged property, destroyed real estate, machinery and equipment, inventory and other business assets

    Applicants may be eligible for a loan increase of up to 20% of their physical damage, as verified by the SBA, for mitigation purposes

     Businesses of any size and private nonprofit organizations may apply for Economic Injury Disaster Loans of up to $2 million to help meet working capital needs caused by the disaster

    Economic Injury Disaster Loans may be used to pay fixed debts, payroll, accounts payable and other bills that cannot be paid because of the disaster’s impact

    Economic injury assistance is available regardless of whether the applicant suffered any property damage

    In partnership with FEMA and the state, SBA representatives are available to provide one-on-one assistance to disaster loan applicants at sites throughout the affected areas

    SBA’s Disaster Loan Outreach Centers are open at the following locations:INDEPENDENCE COUNTYOffice of Emergency Management – EOC Building1800 Myers Street, Batesville, AR 72501Regular hours: 9 a

    m

    to 6 p

    m

    Monday – Friday; 9 a

    m

    to 1 p

    m

    Saturday SHARP COUNTYCity Hall – Cave City – Conference Room201 S

    Main Street, Cave City, AR 72521Entrance and parking at back of buildingRegular hours: 9 a

    m

    to 6 p

    m

    Monday – Friday; 9 a

    m

    to 1 p

    m

    Saturday SHARP COUNTYHardy Fire Station203 Church Street, Hardy, AR 72542Regular hours: 9 a

    m

    to 6 p

    m

    Monday – Friday; 9 a

    m

    to 1 p

    m

    SaturdayTo apply online or to download an application, go to SBA

    gov/disaster

    You may also call SBA’s Customer Service Center at 800-659-2955 or email DisasterCustomerService@sba

    gov

    The deadline to apply for an SBA physical disaster loan for the March storms is Monday, July 7

    The last day for small businesses, small agricultural cooperatives and most private nonprofit organizations to apply for an SBA economic injury loan for the March storms is Monday, Feb

    9, 2026

    The deadline to apply for an SBA physical disaster loan for the April storms is Monday, July 21

    The last day to apply for an SBA economic injury loan for the April storms is Monday, Feb

    23, 2026

    For the latest information about Arkansas’ recovery, visit fema

    gov/disaster/4865 or fema

    gov/disaster/4873

    Follow FEMA Region 6 on social media at x

    com/FEMARegion6 and at facebook

    com/FEMARegion6/
    thomas

    wise
    Sat, 05/31/2025 – 13:30

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Survivor Assistance Available at Several Locations

    Source: US Federal Emergency Management Agency

    Headline: Survivor Assistance Available at Several Locations

    Survivor Assistance Available at Several Locations

    LITTLE ROCK, Ark

    – The state of Arkansas, FEMA and the U

    S

    Small Business Administration have added four new sites that offer face-to-face help for residents affected by the March 14-15 and April 2-22 severe storms, tornadoes and flooding

    Hours are also extended at some sites

    Homeowners and renters in the impacted counties may be eligible for FEMA disaster assistance for losses not covered by insurance

    Specialists are available to help you apply for FEMA assistance, review your existing application and submit documents needed to move your application forward

    The new locations and extended hours include:CRITTENDEN COUNTYRoberta Jackson Neighborhood Center1300 Polk Avenue, West Memphis, AR 72301Regular Hours: 8 a

    m

    to 6 p

    m

    May 30 and June 2 to June 4; closed Saturday and Sunday West Memphis City Hall205 South Redding, West Memphis, AR 72301Regular Hours: 8 a

    m

    to 6 p

    m

    May 31 only  Earle City Hall                                                                                       1005 2nd Street, Earle, AR 72331 Regular Hours: 8 a

    m

    to 6 p

    m

    June 2 to June 4 CRAIGHEAD COUNTYLake City – City Hall406 Court Street; Lake City, AR 72437 Regular Hours: 8 a

    m

    to 6 p

    m

    June 2 to June 4 DESHA COUNTYMcGhee Municipal Complex901 Holly Street, McGhee, AR 71654Regular Hours: 8 a

    m

    to 6 p

    m

    May 30 to May 31 and June 2 to June 4 SHARP COUNTYHardy Fire Station203 Church Street, Hardy, AR 72542Days: May 30 to May 31 and June 2 to June 7 Hours: 9 a

    m

    to 6 p

    m

    Monday to Friday; 9 a

    m

    to 1 p

    m

    Saturday; closed Sundays Additional locations are listed online at x

    com/FEMARegion6 and facebook

    com/FEMARegion6/

    Survivors in Greene, Hot Spring, Independence, Izard, Jackson, Lawrence, Randolph, Sharp and Stone counties may apply for federal assistance if they had damage in the March storms

    Similarly, those who were affected by the April storms, tornadoes and flooding in Clark, Clay, Craighead, Crittenden, Desha, Fulton, Hot Spring, Jackson, Miller, Ouachita, Pulaski, Randolph, Saline, Sharp, St

    Francis and White counties may also apply

    Survivors affected by both the March and April storms should file a separate claim for each

    Here are the ways to apply:Go to DisasterAssistance

    govDownload the FEMA App for mobile devicesCall the FEMA Helpline at 800-621-3362 between 6 a

    m

    and 10 p

    m

    CT

    Help is available in most languages

     If you use a relay service, captioned telephone or other service, you can give FEMA your number for that service

    For an accessible video on how to apply for assistance, go to Three Ways to Register for FEMA Disaster Assistance – YouTube

    The Small Business Administration offers low-interest disaster loans to homeowners, renters, nonprofit organizations and businesses of any size

    To apply online, visit https://lending

    sba

    gov or call 800- 659-2955

    For people who are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, dial 711 to access telecommunications relay services

    For the latest information about Arkansas’ recovery, visit fema

    gov/disaster/4865 or fema

    gov/disaster/4873

    Follow FEMA Region 6 on social media at x

    com/FEMARegion6 and at facebook

    com/FEMARegion6/
    thomas

    wise
    Fri, 05/30/2025 – 21:31

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: A Destructive Glacial Outburst Flood in Peru

    Source: NASA

    As the glaciers on Vallunaraju, a mountain in Peru’s Cordillera Blanca, have thinned and receded in recent decades, new glacial lakes perched high on its icy slopes have emerged and existing lakes have grown larger. On April 28, 2025, rockfalls sent debris crashing into one new lake, unleashing a destructive flood and debris flow that reached the city of Huaraz. According to Peruvian officials, the torrent damaged or destroyed dozens of homes in the city’s outskirts and led to multiple deaths.
    The OLI (Operational Land Imager) on Landsat 8 captured this image (right) of the debris flow’s aftermath on May 7, 2025. The other image (left) shows the same area on May 12, 2024, as observed by the OLI-2 on Landsat 9. Southeast of the glacier, rocky debris and brown sediment blanket the Casca River valley, and one of the lakes near the glacier’s terminus appears to have drained. Signs of damage line the river valley for several kilometers and extend into the outskirts of Huaraz.

    Christopher Cluett, a senior engineer at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, was preparing to climb Vallunaraju when the debris flow occurred. Cluett reported hearing “consistent rockfall” all morning as his group approached the glacier. Then, at 3:30 a.m. local time, a slide as loud as a “freight train” reverberated through the valley. These photographs, taken by Cluett, show the cliff where the rockfall likely started (above) and flood debris along the Casca River (below).
    This type of disaster, known as a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), has long posed a risk in this area. In 1941, a similar flood arose from nearby Lake Palcacocha and killed an estimated 4,000 people in Huaraz, a third of the city’s population at the time.

    Satellites are helping researchers understand the risks GLOFs pose in this region. One team of researchers used data from Landsat and other sources to confirm that 32 GLOFs occurred in the Cordillera Blanca between 1948 and 2017. Another team’s analysis of Landsat observations identified a marked expansion in the size of the range’s glacial lakes, with the total lake area increasing by 3.7 square kilometers (1.4 square miles) between 1980 and 2020.
    NASA Earth Observatory images by Michala Garrison, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Photos courtesy of Christopher Cluett (WHOI). Story by Adam Voiland.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Chairperson of the Senate of Uzbekistan held a meeting with the Russian Ambassador

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: People’s Republic of China in Russian –

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    Tashkent, June 2 (Xinhua) — Chairperson of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis (upper house of parliament) of Uzbekistan Tanzila Narbaeva held a meeting with Russian Ambassador to Uzbekistan Oleg Malginov, the Narodnoye Slovo newspaper reported on Monday.

    As reported, during the conversation, the results of the successful and productive period of the ambassador’s work in Uzbekistan were summed up. His significant contribution to the development and strengthening of Uzbek-Russian relations over the past four years was noted.

    “Special attention was paid to issues of further strengthening inter-parliamentary cooperation, including within the framework of international parliamentary structures. The decisive role of the political will of the Presidents of Uzbekistan and Russia as a basis for the development and deepening of bilateral ties was emphasized. The growing importance of parliaments in activating bilateral dialogue was also noted,” the statement said.

    It is noted that following the meeting, the parties agreed to continue constructive and mutually beneficial cooperation in the interests of the peoples of both countries. –0–

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: How the USSR switched from a tachanka to a T-34

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: State University Higher School of Economics – State University Higher School of Economics –

    Nikita Melnikov, a leading specialist in the history of Soviet tank building, spoke at the HSE Faculty of Economic Sciences. He told how, between the world wars, the USSR proposed producing 100,000 tanks a year, how American and European experience helped Soviet industry, and how, in the end, the Soviet Union built a powerful tank industry that helped turn the tide of the war.

    Production of T-34

    Press service of Uralvagonzavod

    Nikita Nikolaevich Melnikov, PhD in history, senior research fellow at the Center for Political and Sociocultural History of the Institute of History and Archaeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, gave two lectures on May 13 at the campus on Pokrovsky Boulevard. The first was devoted to the development of Soviet tank building in the interwar and wartime, the second to the modernization of industry during the Great Patriotic War. These are stories not so much about the armored vehicles themselves, but about the entire industrial complex, without studying which it is impossible to understand the logic of economic decisions of those years.

    Soviet industry, how it developed and transformed — these are the questions, the answers to which help us understand how we live today. The answers to these questions lie in the past, including the history of the Great Patriotic War. If we want to know and understand the features of modern Russian industry, past experience is important to us. Economists sometimes lack their own tools, and therefore we have to turn to historians in the hope that they will have answers to the questions of interest.

    Tank production began in Soviet Russia in 1920–1921. The young republic tried to establish serial production of armored vehicles at the Sormovo plant. It was the “Russian Renault” — a copy of the French FT-17. 15 vehicles were produced, but guns were installed on only 11: there was not enough compact armament. Soviet artillery could not offer a gun of the appropriate size. Production was semi-artisanal. Parts were supplied by the Putilov and Izhora plants.

    Already in the late 1920s, the creation of its own industry began. The T-18 that was produced became a modernized copy of the same FT-17. The Bolshevik Plant (formerly Obukhov) itself produced castings and engines. However, many components – bearings, electrical equipment, spark plugs, carburetors – were still imported. The main problem of the era: the lack of civil engineering in the USSR. Parts that were produced in large quantities in Europe for tractors and cars were in short supply in the USSR.

    For example, there was only one large bearing plant in the entire Union, GPZ-1, which supplied more than 90% of bearings. But its capacity was insufficient, as was quality production. This is what prompted the creation of a special model. Within each civilian plant, for example, the Kharkov Locomotive Plant or the Kirov Plant, separate sections were created where tanks were manufactured. They were not connected with the main production. These “islands” of armored vehicles existed in parallel with the production of locomotives and tractors.

    At the same time, there were ambitious plans to expand tank production within the USSR. Thus, in 1930, the commander of the Leningrad Military District, Mikhail Tukhachevsky, presented a project to modernize the army, in which he proposed producing 100 thousand tanks per year – a fantastic figure. The logic was simple: according to the calculations of engineer Magdesiev from the Bolshevik plant, one tank requires as much effort as two tractors. It was the tractor factories that were considered the foundation of the tank industry. But this idea was not realized.

    As a result, in the 1930s, two groups of factories were formed. Specialized (No. 174 and No. 37) produced light and amphibious tanks, and machine-building giants, where tanks were a by-product (KhPZ, Kirov, STZ). Each factory built its own chains, from the production of individual parts to final assembly. There was almost no cooperation between them. This provided autonomy, but slowed down scaling.

    In case of war, the USSR planned to build up to 30 thousand tanks. But the industry itself was capable of producing about three thousand vehicles per year. After the start of the Great Patriotic War, the USSR had to seriously restructure its production. The industry was evacuated to the Urals, where a new tank-building cluster was formed.

    Production was transferred to civilian factories, which faced a new challenge. Enterprises had to reorganize to produce military products, and new production chains were created for each type of armored vehicle. Work on orders for the civilian sector was stopped, which allowed the production of tanks to be increased in the shortest possible time. And by the end of 1942, the Soviet Union was able to reach a relatively stable level of production of 1,500 medium tanks per month, those same “thirty-fours” that largely became the weapon of victory.

    Nikita Melnikov in his lecture spoke in detail about the creation of the Soviet tank industry and the specifics of its formation. He drew attention to many rarely mentioned aspects of the tank industry. Thus, he pointed out that in the conditions of insufficient development of certain branches of mechanical engineering, some components for the production of tanks in the early 1930s were purchased abroad. The prototypes of the most mass-produced models of Soviet tanks T-26 and BT were purchased abroad and then adapted to the conditions of production of the Soviet industry. In addition, during the war, the industry partly switched to the American model of organization, when tanks were produced at large machine-building plants, receiving components from outside. Answering questions from the audience, Nikita Melnikov noted the negative impact of the repressions on tank production, which fell by 2.4 times in 1937 compared to 1936, from 3,800 to 1,600. During the Great Patriotic War, the strain of forces and concentration of resources made it possible to overcome the decline in the production of military equipment and the deterioration of its quality and provide the front with enough tanks.

    The second lecture was devoted directly to the restructuring of industry during the war years.

    By June 1941, almost half of the USSR’s ferrous metallurgy was concentrated in Ukraine. The loss of the southern regions meant, in essence, an industrial catastrophe. Already in August, the USSR Academy of Sciences Commission began working in Sverdlovsk under the leadership of Academician V.L. Komarov, whose task was to develop projects for mobilizing the Urals’ resources and evacuating industry.

    By 1943, a third of all rolled steel in the USSR was used for ammunition, and almost another 10% was used for armored rolled steel. Factories were working at their limits: firebricks needed for steel smelting had to be made with double the intensity, but their durability in wartime was half that of the pre-war period. By the end of 1942, metallurgists and power engineers were faced with equipment wear and tear, the freezing of civilian projects, and total concentration on the needs of the front.

    One of the most important systems was energy. Without it, it was impossible to establish industrial production. At the same time, there was a constant energy deficit. The Sverdlovenergo system operated at a reduced frequency of below 49 Hz from October 1941 to March 1943, sometimes even down to 45. Losses during energy transfers over long distances reached 50%. The main industrial facilities consumed up to 77% of all electricity in the region, housing and communal services and the social sphere found themselves in strict isolation. Cement and glass factories received half the required capacity at best. Many worked for several hours a day or stopped completely. The copper industry received half as much energy as before the war.

    Against the background of a shortage of electricity, refractory materials and fuel, resources were concentrated on the production of weapons. The volumes of building materials and products for the civilian sector were sharply reduced. Construction was either frozen or transferred to an extremely simplified mode. In the Urals, round timber was used en masse as the most accessible building material.

    The industry was forced to rely on women and teenagers. At UZTM in 1945, women accounted for 34.6%, and teenagers under 18 accounted for more than 11%, including girls under 16. It was these efforts of the rear that helped achieve victory at the front.

    At the same time, the shortage of production, energy, lack of time and experience led to a decrease in the quality of products. For example, many T-34s produced in 1942 had their gearbox gears completely worn out after several hundred kilometers of running. In 1942, to check the batch, each tank was tested for five kilometers of running before being delivered to the troops. In fact, it was necessary to check whether the tank could start at all, and this was enough to send it to the front. The warranty period for the V-2 engine in 1943 was only 200 engine hours. At the same time, up to 90% of the engine life was depleted by idling the engine at night to warm the tankers in winter. But in war conditions, it was more important to establish mass production, which the USSR successfully managed.

    At the same time, after the end of the war, it was necessary to abandon mass military production. However, the established production chains could not be quickly transferred to civilian rails; the factories had been focused only on the production of military goods for several years. This led to a post-war conversion crisis and a revision of plans for the production of armored vehicles.

    Nikita Melnikov’s reports aroused keen interest among the audience. Despite the tight program, both students and faculty members came to the lecture. Answering questions from the audience and exchanging opinions took almost as much time as the reports themselves.


    Nikita Nikolaevich Melnikov

    Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Center for Political and Sociocultural History of the Institute of History and Archaeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

    This experience was extremely valuable and educational for me. For the first time, I gave a lecture to fellow economists, whose questions and comments allowed me to better understand the processes being studied and identify new aspects. The economic model of the USSR’s development is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that requires detailed analysis and systematic study. In this study, I sought to examine the key factors and mechanisms that determined the dynamics and trajectory of the economic development of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War. I express my sincere gratitude to the Higher School of Economics and Ilya Voskoboinikov for the opportunity to present the results of my research.

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: The Government, on the instructions of the President, approved a plan of measures to improve the level of employment of SVO participants

    Translation. Region: Russian Federal

    Source: Government of the Russian Federation – An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

    Document

    Order of May 24, 2025 No. 1311-r

    In state and municipal institutions, as well as in enterprises and organizations, a reserve of jobs for participants in the special military operation will be formed and a system for monitoring the employment of such citizens will be created. This is provided for in the plan of measures to increase the level of employment of participants in the special military operation and organize their professional orientation, approved by the Government order.

    The plan envisages the organization of proactive work with fighters who have returned from the combat zone, assistance, including legal assistance, in the preparation or restoration of documents necessary for employment, training and advanced training. It also includes activities that provide for the development of mentoring programs that facilitate the accelerated adaptation of participants in the special military operation in the workplace, programs where they themselves can act as mentors, and, in addition, the creation of conditions for participants in the special military operation to conduct entrepreneurial activities, including as self-employed persons.

    Another area of work involves preparing proposals to stimulate employers who employ participants in special military operations, as well as a special procedure for establishing quotas for hiring those of them who have disabilities.

    Professional training and additional education of soldiers and officers who participated in the special military operation will be carried out within the framework of the federal project “Active measures to promote employment” of the new national project “Personnel”.

    The implementation of the plan’s activities will be undertaken by federal and regional authorities, the State Fund for Support of Participants in the Special Military Operation “Defenders of the Fatherland” and other organizations.

    “It is extremely important that all such measures be easily known in each region,” Mikhail Mishustin noted during a meeting with deputy prime ministers on June 2.

    The Prime Minister also called for assistance to family members of children who did not return home.

    “Their relatives must be provided with assistance and attention, and if necessary, protection of labor rights,” the head of the Cabinet stated. He asked Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova to keep this issue under constant control.

    The President instructed the Government to develop an action plan to improve the level of employment of SVO participants and organize their career guidance following a meeting with members of the Government that took place in October 2024.

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Governor Newsom proclaims Mental Health Awareness Month

    Source: US State of California 2

    May 31, 2025

    Sacramento, California – Governor Gavin Newsom today issued a proclamation declaring May 2025, as “Mental Health Awareness Month.”

    The text of the proclamation and a copy can be found below:

    PROCLAMATION

    During Mental Health Awareness Month, we recognize the millions of Californians living with mental health conditions. We also recognize the invaluable role mental health care plays in every Californian’s life. Mental health care is health care and is critical to our overall well-being.  

    But mental health care has gone unaddressed and underprioritized for far too long. One in five U.S. adults experiences mental illness each year, and more than half do not receive care. After state hospitals shuttered in the 1960s with an unfulfilled promise of more community-based care, prisons and jails became the de facto mental hospitals. Suicide rates are on the rise, with Native people, men, veterans, and members of the LGBTQ community experiencing disproportionately high rates.

    California is revolutionizing mental health care, finally fulfilling the promise of the 1960s – with an over $6 billion Behavioral Health Bond to build 11,150 new treatment beds and housing units and 26,700 outpatient treatment slots for homeless people with serious mental illness, kids with depression, and everyone in between. We’ve transformed the Mental Health Services Act to support those with substance use disorders and behavioral health needs, including through nearly $1 billion annually proposed for housing supports and services. We created CARE Court, a nation-leading model to provide care and services to people with untreated, severe mental illnesses, like schizophrenia. We’ve modernized the conservatorship system to make it a more effective, last resort tool to ensure people get the help they need.

    But we’re also committed to preventative care and conversation before mental health conditions hit a crisis point. California’s Master Plan for Kids’ Mental Health has increased access to mental health and substance use disorder treatment services for kids, parents, and communities. We have created resources and support systems for people from all walks of life.

    The next critical step is recognizing when these tools are needed and using them as appropriate. Mental Health Awareness Month is an opportunity to check in with themselves and with their loved ones, to assess and talk about their mental health. I urge all Californians to learn about what help and support is available at mentalhealth.ca.gov.

    NOW THEREFORE I, GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of the State of California, do hereby proclaim May 2025 as “Mental Health Awareness Month.”

    IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Great Seal of the State of California to be affixed this 14th day of May 2025.

    GAVIN NEWSOM
    Governor of California

    ATTEST:
    SHIRLEY N. WEBER, Ph.D.
    Secretary of State

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    News Sacramento, California – Governor Gavin Newsom today issued a proclamation declaring May 2025, as “Foster Care Month.”The text of the proclamation and a copy can be found below: PROCLAMATIONDuring Foster Care Month, we reaffirm to the more than 35,000 foster…

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  • MIL-OSI USA: Office of the Governor — News Release — Gov. Green Signs Bills to Advance Educational and Developmental Success for Keiki

    Source: US State of Hawaii

    Office of the Governor — News Release — Gov. Green Signs Bills to Advance Educational and Developmental Success for Keiki

    Posted on May 30, 2025 in Latest Department News, Newsroom, Office of the Governor Press Releases

    STATE OF HAWAIʻI 
    KA MOKU ʻĀINA O HAWAIʻI 
     
    JOSH GREEN, M.D. 
    GOVERNOR
    KE KIAʻĀINA 

     
    GOVERNOR GREEN SIGNS FIVE BILLS TO ADVANCE EDUCATIONAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL SUCCESS FOR KEIKI

    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
    May 30, 2025

    HONOLULU — Governor Josh Green, M.D., today signed five bills strengthening access to educational opportunities and supporting student success both in the classroom and beyond.

    “This group of bills represents our state’s active commitment to finding real solutions and protecting the fundamental right every keiki has to quality education,” stated Governor Green. “Thanks to the critical work of educators and students alike, as well as countless community advocates, our state is poised to reduce childhood food insecurity and increase access to academic and extracurricular educational opportunities.”

    The newly enacted bills include the following:

    SB 1300: EXPANDING ACCESS TO FREE SCHOOL MEALS

    Beginning with the 2025-26 school year, Senate Bill 1300 expands access to free school meals for students who qualify for reduced-price meals under the National School Lunch Program. To further support ‘ohana classified as ALICE (Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed), SB 1300 will expand again in the 2026-27 school year, providing free school meals to any public school student whose family income is below 300% of the federal poverty level. The bill appropriates more than $3.3 million to the Department of Education over the two school years to cover the cost of free meals.

    “Investing in our keiki is an investment in our future,” said Governor Green. “Food insecurity in our state is a serious issue, affecting one in three households. Signing Senate Bill 1300 will help ease the burden on our Hawai‘i ʻohana and improve the lives of keiki across the islands.”

    Senate Bill 1300 aims to improve educational outcomes by ensuring every child in Hawai‘i has access to the consistent nutrition they need to succeed in school. In addition to providing free school meals to eligible students, SB 1300 prohibits an academic institution from denying a student a school meal due to an inability to pay.

    “Senate Bill 1300 removes the financial barrier to accessing school meals, supporting students’ health and well-being, as well as their academic and developmental success said First Lady Jaime Kanani Green. “If students aren’t hungry, they can better focus on their studies, extracurricular activities and personal growth.”

    “Students should come to class hungry for knowledge, not hungry for food,” Governor Green concluded.

    Senate Vice President Michelle Kidani, Education Committee chair, was lead introducer of the bill. “Too many students face hunger in silence and it impacts their ability to learn. By expanding access to free school meals, this bill helps ensure all our keiki have the nourishment they need to succeed. I’m grateful to Governor Green for signing it into law and to all who worked to make it happen,” said Kidani (District 18, Mililani Town, Waipi‘o Gentry, Crestview, Waikele, portion of Waipahu, Village Park, Royal Kunia).

    “Ensuring that our keiki have access to nutritious school meals supports their well-being and success both in and beyond the classroom. At the same time, we are easing the burden on Hawai‘i’s working families, and this is a win for our community,” said House Committee on Education Chair, Justin H. Woodson (District 9, Kahului, Pu‘unēnē, portion of Wailuku.

    HB 862: ADDRESSING SCHOOL BUS SHORTAGES

    Due to a nationwide bus driver shortage, a number of school bus routes were suspended during the 2024–2025 academic school year. To reverse these suspensions and ensure transportation is not a barrier to education, Governor Green issued an emergency proclamation in August 2024, authorizing, among other provisions, the use of alternative vehicles to transport students to and from school. House Bill 862 codifies into statute this authorization and requires Department of Education staff to accompany students between drop-off and pick-up locations to ensure student safety. Using alternative vehicles such as small buses, motorcoaches and vans to transport students, will help maintain existing bus routes, supporting students’ continued access to a quality education.

    “Hawai‘i continues to face a school bus crisis, and we’ve heard from countless parents, families and educators about the urgent need to expand transportation options, while keeping safety front and center,” said House Committee on Education Vice Chair Trish La Chica (District 37, Portions of Mililani Town, Mililani Mauka, Koa Ridge, Waipi‘o Gentry). “This new law paves the way for our students to thrive, by expanding the department’s options to secure reliable transportation and ensuring that transportation barriers don’t stand in the way of our keiki and their opportunities to succeed.”

    HB 133: FUNDING FOR INTERSCHOLASTIC SURFING PROGRAMS

    Due to its deep cultural, social, and economic significance in Hawaiʻi, the Board of Education approved surfing for interscholastic competition in 2016. Since then, only one of the five local athletic leagues has sponsored a surfing program, leaving the majority of the state’s students without competitive surfing opportunities. House Bill 133 appropriates $685,870 for both fiscal year 2026 and fiscal year 2027 to support the establishment of interscholastic surfing programs. These programs will provide students the opportunity to gain competitive experience and further pursue the sport they love.

    “Hawai‘i is the birthplace of surfing, and that’s something we should take great pride in. By recognizing surfing as an interscholastic sport, we are expanding access in Hawai‘i schools — allowing students to build ocean safety skills, connect with our cultural heritage and participate in a sport that has produced champions from our own shores,” said Representative Sean Quinlan, (District 47, Waialua, Hale‘iwa, Kawailoa Beach, Waimea, Sunset Beach, Waiale‘e, Kawela Bay, Kahuku, Lā‘ie, Hau‘ula, Punalu‘u, Kahana), introducer of the bill.

    The complete list of bills signed includes the following. Click links to see full details of the bills enacted into law.

    HB110 HD1 SD2 RELATING TO LOCAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

    HB1170 HD1 SD1 CD1 RELATING TO THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII RESIDENT TUITION FEE

    Photos from today’s bill signing, courtesy Office of the Governor, are available here.
    Video from the event can be viewed here.
    The slide deck presented at today’s bill signing can be found here.

    # # #


    Media Contacts:  
    Erika Engle
    Press Secretary
    Office of the Governor, State of Hawai‘i
    Office: 808-586-0120
    Email: [email protected] 

    Makana McClellan
    Director of Communications
    Office of the Governor, State of Hawaiʻi
    Cell: 808-265-0083
    Email: [email protected]

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Governor Newsom proclaims Foster Care Month 2025

    Source: US State of California 2

    May 30, 2025

    Sacramento, California – Governor Gavin Newsom today issued a proclamation declaring May 2025, as “Foster Care Month.”

    The text of the proclamation and a copy can be found below:

    PROCLAMATION

    During Foster Care Month, we reaffirm to the more than 35,000 foster children and youth in California that we stand in unwavering support of them, and we show gratitude to the thousands of foster families across the state who offer stability and care during critical development stages.

    All children deserve a safe, loving, and permanent home. Foster youth face extraordinary challenges: separation from their biological families at a young age, frequent uprooting from placements, and exposure to adverse childhood experiences. As a result, foster youth are more likely to face difficulties in both the short and long term, with lower graduation rates and higher rates of homelessness as adults. All too often, children of color and LGBTQ youth – who are overrepresented in the system – bear the brunt of these difficulties.

    California is committed to doing right by all our young people, and we are working to ensure that the most vulnerable youth have all they need to not just survive but thrive. To keep families together and reduce foster care entries, the state has created programs to support and educate parents and families to keep their children safely and happily with them. However, if kids must enter the system, we prioritize home-based family care above group homes, recognizing the importance of a stable and loving support system. Consistency and care are critical to a healthy childhood, and foster families offer kids safe haven.

    Although half of all foster children are reconnected with their families, and about a quarter are adopted, some foster kids ultimately age out of the system. In 2023, California launched two pilot programs that provide guaranteed income to foster youth aging out in order to support basic needs and disrupt the cycle of poverty. All kids, regardless of circumstance, deserve the opportunity to pursue their dreams. To support foster youth, the state is creating pathways to careers through the Master Plan for Career Education and making financial supports more accessible for those attending college, including investing in the CalKIDS program to set up child savings accounts of up to $1,500 for every foster child. The Middle Class Scholarship has expanded to cover tuition and fees for UC and CSU students with experience in foster care. Community colleges, CSUs, and UCs all have established programs to help former foster youth successfully transition to college life and adulthood.

    Every foster child deserves to grow up happy, healthy, and loved. We are indebted to the many foster families across the state who have answered the call, as we also recognize the need for more loving families to open their homes and change kids’ lives for the better. It takes a village to raise a child, and California is proud to play its part in doing so.

    NOW THEREFORE I, GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of the State of California, do hereby proclaim May 2025 as “Foster Care Month.”

    IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Great Seal of the State of California to be affixed this 29th day of May 2025.

    GAVIN NEWSOM
    Governor of California

    ATTEST:
    SHIRLEY N. WEBER, Ph.D.
    Secretary of State

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  • MIL-OSI USA: Over 300 firefighting and law enforcement graduates add to state’s public safety force

    Source: US State of California 2

    May 30, 2025

    What you need to know: The state recently welcomed 339 graduates from CAL FIRE, CDCR, and CHP to California’s already robust contingent of public safety officers.

    Sacramento, California – Strengthening the dedicated groups that protect the safety of Californians, today Governor Gavin Newsom congratulated multiple graduates with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE), the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR), and the California Highway Patrol (CHP).

    These firefighters, correctional officers, and highway patrol officers join their colleagues in communities statewide to protect the state of California.

    Thank you for answering the call to serve our great state. As you go back to your communities, may you face any uncertainty with resolve, any challenges with integrity, and any hardships with determination.

    Governor Gavin Newsom

    Enhancing our firefighting fleet

    CAL FIRE celebrated 38 new Company Officer Academy graduates. These leaders will supervise and direct firefighters as CAL FIRE Company Officers.

    The Academy offers extensive training in emergency and daily personnel management, physical conditioning, wildland and structural incident command, fire investigation, and the operation of fire vehicles, encompassing driving, pumping, and specialized wildland gear.

    “Graduations are a time to come together with family, friends, and coworkers to celebrate the hard work our Company Officers have put in over the past six weeks. These women and men represent the next generation of leadership at CAL FIRE. I am very proud of their accomplishment and wish them the best as they return home to their new roles,” said CAL FIRE Chief/Director Joe Tyler.

    This cohort brings the total number of Company Officer Academy graduates in 2025 to 272, highlighting CAL FIRE’s continued investment in leadership development and operational readiness.

    In addition to this program, 42 students have successfully completed the Emergency Command Center Academy so far this year, further strengthening CAL FIRE’s ability to respond quickly and effectively to emergencies across California.

    This graduating class brings the total number of Company Officers employed by CAL FIRE to over 4,150.  

    Protecting our communities 

    Following an intensive 13-week program at the Basic Correctional Officer Academy 168 cadets graduated, embarking on their new careers as CDCR correctional officers. 

    “It takes a special kind of person to wear the badge, the sacrifices and dedication of our families cannot be overstated. Our future success is dependent upon your professionalism, respect, and commitment to excellence,” said CDCR Secretary Jeff Macomber.

    Including these graduates, CDCR will have 601 graduates this year, marking a significant step forward in CDCR’s ongoing efforts and focus on recruitment, hiring, promotion, retention and culture through collaboration of diverse and qualified candidates. Following their graduation, officers serve in institutions throughout California.        

    With these graduates, there are a total of nearly 21,500 correctional officers at 31 adult institutions statewide.

    Patrolling our streets and highways 

    The CHP welcomed 133 new officers who completed 26 weeks of rigorous training at the CHP Academy in West Sacramento. The officers now report to one of the CHP’s 102 Area offices across California to begin their law enforcement careers.

    Academy cadets receive training in areas such as traffic enforcement, collision investigation, defensive tactics, firearms, emergency vehicle operations, community policing, legal responsibilities, communication, ethics, and cultural awareness to prepare them for serving California’s diverse population.

    “This graduation marks the beginning of a commitment to protecting and serving others. These officers have demonstrated their dedication to keeping California’s communities safe and upholding the CHP’s core values,” said CHP Commissioner Sean Duryee.

    Nearly 300 cadets continue training at the West Sacramento facility, and another 160 are scheduled to begin instruction on June 9 as part of the department’s ongoing efforts to strengthen public safety statewide.

    So far, the CHP has sworn in 364 officers in 2025 with this graduating class. There are a total of nearly 7,000 CHP officers statewide protecting our roadways. 

    Join the state today

    California offers diverse job opportunities with comprehensive benefits for those dedicated to providing essential services to millions of Californians. To learn more, please visit the California Department of Human Resources. 

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  • MIL-OSI: Stomp Into Some Prehistoric Learning! Lingokids and BBC Earth Launch New Walking With Dinosaurs Lesson to Bring a Love of Dinosaurs to a New Generation

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    LOS ANGELES, June 02, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Get ready to dig, discover, and roar with excitement. Lingokids and BBC Earth are launching an exclusive Walking with Dinosaurs Lesson in the Lingokids app just in time for Dinosaur Day and the premiere of the latest landmark series from BBC Studios’ Science Unit Walking with Dinosaurs later this month in the US. This playful new learning experience is made for families with young kids who want to keep the dino-discovery going long after the credits roll.

    More than just a passive activity, the Lingokids Dinosaur Lesson is a journey through time where kids don’t just learn about dinosaurs—they stomp through their world. This action-packed adventure invites kids to explore the age of dinosaurs through interactive instruction, hands-on games, and exciting challenges. Each unit in the multi-lesson curriculum is packed with play-based learning moments that teach kids about paleontology, dinosaur diets, habitats, and even big-picture concepts like extinction and fossilization. Kids will dig for fossils, match footprints, hatch eggs, and unlock secrets from millions of years ago—all while reinforcing real-life scientific knowledge.

    “We all know that kids are entertained by dinosaurs, and, through a Lingokids study in collaboration with University of Central Lancashire, we know that when kids are entertained, they learn more, faster,” said Lingokids Founder & CEO Cristóbal Viedma. “This collaboration with BBC Earth lets us bring that spark to life in a way that’s fun, active, and educational. Together, we’re giving families a way to keep exploring their favorite prehistoric creatures long after the show ends.”

    The new Walking with Dinosaurs series is a revival of the iconic and award-winning BBC series that first premiered in 1999. And now Lingokids is bringing the prehistoric era to life in a new way for a new generation. But don’t worry—this isn’t homework disguised as fun. It is fun. The Dinosaur Lesson was built around Lingokids’ core belief that kids learn best through play. It’s not a chore—it’s an epic mission. Each activity is carefully designed to boost curiosity and build confidence, while keeping kids engaged, giggling, and coming back for more.

    “Given the huge popularity of dinosaurs among younger audiences, we know families will be coming together to watch Walking With Dinosaurs,” said Monica Hayes, VP Content Marketing, at BBC Studios. “That’s why we’re excited to partner with Lingokids to give families a chance to go beyond the TV screen and continue the adventure through interactive learning. Who knows, we might even inspire the next generation of paleontologists!”

    Walking with Dinosaurs is now available in the UK and will be available in the US on June 16, 2025 on PBS. So grab your explorer hats—this is one journey your little learners won’t want to miss.

    About Lingokids

    Lingokids is an EdTech and media company behind the #1 interactive app for kids aged 2-8.

    With more than 165M+ downloads around the world, the Lingokids app is packed with thousands of shows, songs and interactive games kids love—all fun, safe and educational.

    Its unique Playlearning™ methodology puts kids at the center of the Lingokids universe. As they explore, they’ll pick up academic knowledge and modern life skills in a safe, age-appropriate, ad-free environment designed for independent exploration. For more information, please visit www.lingokids.com.

    About BBC Studios

    The main commercial arm of BBC Commercial Ltd, BBC Studios generated revenues in the last year of £1.8 billion and a third consecutive year of profits of over £200 million. Able to take an idea seamlessly from thought to screen and beyond, the business is built on two operating areas: the Content Studio, which produces, invests and distributes content globally and Media & Streaming, with BBC branded channels, services including bbc.com and BritBox International and joint ventures in the UK and internationally. The business made more than 2,800 hours of award-winning British programmes last year for a wide selection of public service and commercial broadcasters and platforms, both in the UK and across the globe. Its content is internationally recognised across a broad range of genres and specialisms, and includes world-famous brands like Strictly Come Dancing/Dancing with the Stars, the Planet series, Bluey and Doctor Who.

    BBC Studios | Website | Press Office | Twitter | LinkedIn | Instagram |

    A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/e690af33-9b40-440a-9d3c-4948c97ae2bc

    The MIL Network –

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Foyle Cup Launch 2025 at St. Joseph’s Boys School

    Source: Northern Ireland – City of Derry

    Foyle Cup Launch 2025 at St. Joseph’s Boys School

    2 June 2025

    The Press Launch of the ONeills Foyle Cup took place on Friday at St Joseph’s Boys’ School Westway, Derry – a most appropriate venue as St. Joseph’s are not only the present holders of Northern Ireland Under 18 Schools’ Cup but also host the Manchester United Foundation and the Stephen Gerrard 17-19 Academy, organised by Derry City F.C. on their school campus. 

     School Principal, Mrs. Ciara Deane, in introducing the large attendance at the launch, said: ‘It is a huge pleasure to support the Derry & District Youth F.A., organisers of the ONeills Foyle Cup and I  commend the work done by this organisation, not just for the kids of this city and district but for all the kids who have had a memorable experience of competing in the event over the thirty plus years of its existence, since  its humble beginnings in 1992.’ 

     The St. Joseph’s Principal continued: ‘I am delighted to hear that no fewer than 950 teams will compete in the 2025 event, resulting in over 20,000 actual participants creating lifelong memories and I’m even more delighted that our school premises will host some of the 3,300 fixtures scheduled this year!’ 

    John Murphy, on behalf of ONeills Sports, Title Sponsors, spoke proudly of what sponsorship of the Foyle Cup meant to his organisation. 

    ‘We’re incredibly proud to continue our partnership with the ONeills Foyle Cup, a tournament that captures the very best of youth football, community spirit, and international connection. 

    ‘With 950 teams competing this year from places as far afield as South Africa, Australia, the USA, Canada, Spain, Finland, and across the UK and Ireland, the ONeills Foyle Cup is a powerful reminder of how sport brings people together. At ONeills, we’re committed to supporting young athletes from the grassroots up, and this event truly reflects our passion for helping them grow in confidence, skill, and love for the game. We hope every player, coach, and supporter has a fantastic tournament experience and enjoys every moment on and off the pitch.” 

    The Deputy Mayor of Derry Strabane District Council, Darren Guy expressed his delight in how the event delivers for the city and district. 

     ‘I am proud to attend the formal launch of the 2025 Foyle Cup. The tournament is rightly regarded as one of the biggest and best celebrations of youth football in Europe and is a place where players, coaches and supporters make lifelong memories. 

    ‘As a Council, we are delighted to sponsor the tournament each year and provide playing pitches for games as part of our commitment to bring high level sporting events to our City and District.  We believe sport can play a key role in promoting friendship, team skills and social cohesion. Good luck to all the teams as they finalise their preparations for what will be an unforgettable week of football in July.’ 

    Chief Executive Officer of Derry Credit Union, Joan Gallagher also expressed delight in being invited to sponsor the mini soccer events during the Foyle Cup week and spoke of the excitement the whole city, – kids, parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, experience during the week of the tournament. A fantastic week for the city and district and we are so proud to be supporting this wonderful, exciting, colourful event.  

    Cyril Moorhead, Good Relations Officer at Choice Housing, praised the organisers, not just on the success of the event in terms of numbers registered but more  importantly, the tremendous work that has been done on a cross-community basis, actively promoting good relations and friendliness and welcome afforded to all visitors which is synonymous with the city and district. 

      

    ‘It is most pleasing to see how the Foyle Cup has grown into such a large international event and how much support the event has from local communities, schools, colleges, Ulster University and Northwest Regional College. 

      

    ‘The impact of the Foyle Cup is significant, from its contribution to the local economy to the impact it has on young people’s lives, their communities and the positive community relations that it builds. As a housing association, Choice is committed not only to building quality affordable homes but contributing positively to the communities that we operate in, this partnership is a prime example of this. 

      

    ‘I wish the organisers continued success this year and, in the years, ahead.’ 

      

    Special Guest of Honour, Rory Holden, a player who participated in the Foyle Cup for many years with his local team, Top of the Hill Celtic, said he was ever thankful to the organisers and his own junior club, for without the effort of so many, it is doubtful if he would be having the enriching experience of  playing with his own professional club, All Saints from Wales, having played in Champions’ League and Europa league competitions this year. 

    ‘This event continues to thrive, grow and delivers for all our youth – boys, girls and those with sports disabilities. It is a real pleasure to be here to celebrate the success of this superb tournament.’ 

    Philip Devlin, Foyle Cup committee member, in taking charge of the live draw, advised all that details of the draw were available on the tournament website www.foylecup.com and he expected that fixtures for the full week would be on site within 36 hours of launch.  He also thanked all teams for their support and co-operation and wished them well in the tournament, from July 21-26. 

    Diolain Ward, of Foyle Cup committee member, concluded the launch event. 

    ‘Thank you to everyone who gave of their time to be here this evening. In particular, I would like to thank our sponsors – Derry City and Strabane District Council, Causeway Coast & Glens Borough Council, ONeills, Derry Credit Union, Choice Housing, Seagate, Inner City Trust, Brunswick Moviebowl, Ulster University and North West Regional College.  Finally, I would like to say a huge thank you to Rory Holden for spending some of his much-valued time at home, with us, this afternoon and I wish him, on behalf of the member clubs of the Derry & District Youth Football Association, even more success in his football career.’ 

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –