Category: Technology

  • MIL-OSI USA: Cornyn-Supported Annual Intelligence Bill Passes Committee

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for Texas John Cornyn

    WASHINGTON – U.S. Senator John Cornyn (R-TX) today released the following statement after the Intelligence Authorization Act (IAA) for Fiscal Year 2026 passed out of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence:

    “The U.S. Intelligence Community and congressional intelligence committees play vital roles in keeping Texans safe and secure in an increasingly complex threat environment at home and around the globe,” said Sen. Cornyn. “This legislation will ensure our intelligence agencies are equipped with the tools to confront foreign espionage, enhance counternarcotics efforts, and bolster our cybersecurity all while prioritizing transparency and efficiency, and I was glad to support it.”

     Sen. Cornyn’s Legislation Included in the Bill:

    • Intelligence Community Technology Bridge Act: Would enable the Intelligence Community (IC) to streamline acquisition processes and prioritize small business and nontraditional defense contractor solutions.
    • Counternarcotics Enhancement Act: Would direct the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) to submit to the congressional intelligence committees an action plan to enhance counternarcotics collaboration, coordination, and cooperation between the U.S. and Mexico.
    • Strengthening Prosecution Integrity for Espionage Statutes (SPIES) Act: Would help hold foreign spies who commit espionage crimes against the U.S. accountable by removing the statute of limitations for certain offenses such as gathering or delivering classified information to aid foreign governments.

    Other Key Provisions Include:

    • Requiring the DNI to assess the counterintelligence vulnerabilities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA);
    • Requiring the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to assess and share the counterintelligence risks to commercial spaceports;
    • Reforming and improving efficiencies and effectiveness within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) and the broader IC;
    • Requiring that visas be denied to certain nationals applying to work at the United Nations if they are known or suspected of being foreign intelligence officers or committing intelligence or espionage activities;
    • Prohibiting the IC from contracting with Chinese military companies engaged in biotechnology research, development, or manufacturing;
    • Codifying tour and travel restrictions for Chinese, Russian, Iranian, and North Korean diplomats in the United States;
    • Enhancing protections for, and congressional oversight of, IC whistleblowers;
    • Prohibiting IC contractors from collecting or selling IC personnel location data;
    • And promoting transparency by requiring the DNI to conduct a declassification review and publish intelligence relating to the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic.

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI: Recession Profit Secrets Offers Recession Remedy Strategy for Economic Resilience in 2025

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    New York, July 16, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) —

    Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only. Recession Profit Secrets products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Always consult a healthcare provider before use.

    Visit the Official Recession Profit Secrets Site

    Understanding the Recession Profit Secrets Framework

    In a time when economic headwinds challenge traditional investment logic, the Recession Profit Secrets platform offers an alternative financial learning system rooted in strategic preparedness. Unlike high-risk investment schemes that often emerge during periods of volatility, this program emphasizes core economic resilience—a principle aligned with timeless financial planning fundamentals.

    At its core, the Recession Profit Secrets framework is designed to help individuals recognize recessionary signals in advance. The educational material prioritizes a blend of historical case studies, monetary policy trends, and behavioral finance strategies. Each lesson is structured to equip the average person with an analytical lens through which they can evaluate their own asset positioning, consumption patterns, and long-term fiscal health.

    The platform does not claim to predict market collapses, nor does it provide financial advice. Rather, it teaches principles that help consumers interpret economic context with greater clarity. The keyword “Recession Remedy” represents a broader philosophy: using knowledge—not speculation—to make better personal finance decisions in uncertain times.

    What Makes the ‘Recession Remedy’ Concept Unique in 2025

    In 2025, recession discourse has shifted from rare-event theory to continuous preparedness. The “Recession Remedy” concept introduces structured education modules that challenge consumers to examine their dependencies on interest-sensitive income, evaluate liquidity positions, and stress-test their household budgets.

    Unlike one-size-fits-all guides or emotionally driven forecasts, this program incorporates data from leading macroeconomic indicators such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI), GDP volatility, and the Federal Reserve’s forward guidance models. The Recession Profit Secrets team consolidates these elements into digestible formats accessible to non-professionals, with an emphasis on awareness rather than anxiety.

    Additionally, the platform offers detailed frameworks on capital preservation, explaining the difference between cyclical downturns and structural economic shifts. Whether addressing inflationary environments or debt cycle contractions, the “Recession Remedy” curriculum remains anchored in verifiable academic sources and financial journalism standards.

    Analyzing Economic Indicators and Market Trends

    Interpreting macroeconomic signals is essential for financial planning. Recession Profit Secrets dedicates extensive coverage to the most telling indicators of systemic stress. These include yield curve inversions, stagnating industrial production, consumer sentiment declines, and wage growth divergences.

    By breaking down these indicators into practical insights, the curriculum avoids overwhelming readers with technical jargon. Instead, it outlines how everyday economic developments—from grocery price surges to rising credit card APRs—can serve as early warnings for larger systemic shifts.

    This section also explores how market psychology, geopolitical uncertainty, and commodity cycles intersect to influence recession trajectories. Users are introduced to frameworks that encourage diversified income streams, conservative leverage practices, and flexibility in spending habits—three critical ingredients for financial durability.

    Learn more about how this framework works in real-world scenarios by visiting the Official Recession Profit Secrets Site.

    Protecting Household Wealth Before a Recession Hits

    While many programs focus on crisis response, Recession Profit Secrets focuses on pre-recession resilience. This includes guidance on fixed cost reduction, low-volatility income strategies, and recession-conscious budgeting techniques.

    Participants are encouraged to audit discretionary expenses, review insurance coverages, and consider adjustments to tax-withholding strategies. For those nearing retirement, modules explore how sequence-of-returns risk can impact drawdown plans—and what adjustments may help reduce volatility exposure.

    The “Recession Remedy” philosophy places strong emphasis on liquidity, arguing that access to cash reserves can reduce reliance on debt and allow strategic timing of asset decisions. The program offers no investment advice, but it does provide a playbook for increasing optionality in personal finance planning.

    How Consumers Are Shifting Financial Behavior in Uncertain Times

    Recent surveys suggest growing consumer appetite for financial literacy tools—particularly those aimed at reducing dependency on high-risk assets. The Recession Profit Secrets platform reflects this shift, offering modular instruction suited for all levels of experience.

    In 2025, younger consumers are prioritizing debt reduction, middle-aged households are exploring passive income strategies, and retirees are seeking inflation-sensitive allocation models. The program adapts to these generational differences by offering layered content—each module building on the last in a non-linear, self-paced structure.

    More broadly, the platform addresses the psychological side of economic stress: fear of job loss, anxiety over inflation, and pressure to sustain pre-recession lifestyles. It frames each lesson in terms of empowerment, helping users focus on action rather than apprehension.

    The Educational Design Behind Recession Profit Secrets

    The instructional design of Recession Profit Secrets follows a “concept-to-application” flow. Each topic begins with foundational definitions and economic context, followed by hypothetical case studies and end-of-module review checklists.

    Modules are built to foster knowledge retention through spaced repetition, context layering, and behavioral modeling. Visual learners benefit from infographics and charts that map out economic cycles and recessionary triggers.

    The program also includes access to periodic updates, ensuring that macro trends—such as fiscal policy changes, new federal reserve signals, or labor market shifts—are integrated into future course revisions. This living-document approach ensures the curriculum evolves in tandem with the economy itself.

    Why ClickBank’s Transparent Delivery Model Matters

    One distinguishing feature of the Recession Profit Secrets experience is its delivery through ClickBank, a global platform known for compliance standards and customer transparency.

    Consumers who access the product through ClickBank benefit from secure checkout, defined refund terms, and readily available support channels. This backend infrastructure ensures continuity, platform security, and access to updates without data risk or affiliate obfuscation.

    ClickBank’s reputation for delivering digital education securely and consistently makes it an ideal partner for programs like Recession Profit Secrets, where trust and clarity are critical to user adoption.

    Explore how the platform delivers secure digital access via ClickBank by visiting the Official Recession Profit Secrets Site.

    Debunking Common Myths About Recession-Proof Investing

    The Recession Profit Secrets platform directly addresses common misconceptions—such as the belief that gold is always a safe haven, or that cash hoarding is universally effective.

    Instead, the curriculum unpacks the nuances behind each perceived “safe” strategy. For example, while gold may act as a hedge during specific inflationary periods, its correlation to real purchasing power varies depending on geopolitical cycles.

    The platform discourages absolutism, advocating instead for a principles-first approach: understanding liquidity profiles, inflation pass-throughs, and the interplay of policy responses. The goal is to equip users with frameworks, not prescriptions.

    Who May Benefit Most from This Approach in 2025

    The Recession Profit Secrets curriculum may appeal to a broad audience—particularly those with fixed or limited incomes, pre-retirees, small business owners, and consumers carrying unsecured debt.

    Its accessibility makes it suitable for both new learners and experienced individuals looking to reframe outdated financial models. Those navigating job transitions, retirement recalibrations, or household budgeting stress may find particular value in the course’s situational application style.

    Rather than positioning the program as a cure-all, the content invites users to treat it as a toolkit—drawing from it selectively based on their current financial lifecycle.

    Final Thoughts on Building a Financially Resilient Future

    In a landscape increasingly shaped by debt cycles, fiscal uncertainty, and automation-driven job volatility, building financial resilience has become more than a goal—it’s a necessity.

    Recession Profit Secrets does not offer easy answers or predictive models. Instead, it emphasizes financial self-awareness, data-informed decision-making, and skillful adaptation. The “Recession Remedy” approach is less about forecasting crashes and more about preparing for the full arc of economic life.

    Consumers seeking empowerment through education—not alarmist speculation—may find Recession Profit Secrets to be a valuable companion in their long-term planning process.

    Contact & Transparency Information

    For more details or support related to Recession Profit Secrets:
    Contact Support:support@recessionprofitsecrets.com
    ClickBank Customer Service:support@clickbank.com
    Phone (US): 1-800-390-6035
    Phone (INTL): 1-208-345-4245

    Visit the Official Recession Profit Secrets Site

    Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only. Recession Profit Secrets products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Always consult a healthcare provider before use.

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Great British Energy to cut energy bills for community facilities

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments 2

    Press release

    Great British Energy to cut energy bills for community facilities

    Great British Energy to cut energy bills for local community libraries, fire stations, care homes and community centres.

    • Libraries, fire stations and care homes in local communities will benefit from cheaper energy bills through Great British Energy community funding as part of Plan for Change 

    • Mayoral authorities to receive a share of £10 million for publicly-owned clean energy projects  

    • Complements Great British Energy’s drive to cut bills for around 200 schools and 200 hospitals, which is already seeing savings

    Libraries, fire stations and care homes in local communities will benefit from cheaper energy bills as Great British Energy delivers on the government’s clean energy superpower mission to make working people and their communities better off. 

    Great British Energy, the government’s publicly-owned clean energy company, has awarded mayoral authorities a share of £10 million in grant funding to roll out clean energy projects at the centre of communities – including rooftop solar on Merseyside care homes and on leisure centres and libraries in Yorkshire.  

    These grants will mean that the community services and institutions that working people use will be able to save on their electricity bills and spend more money on the frontline services that strengthen local communities and boost local economic growth.  

    It is estimated that these schemes could produce a total of around £35 million of lifetime savings on energy bills, while improving energy security and creating good jobs.   

    As well as solar panels on public buildings, the grants will pay to install batteries for community buildings in areas including Greater Manchester and West Yorkshire, so they can store renewable energy and use it later. The grants will also fund EV chargers in Greater Manchester, to make it easier for drivers to benefit from cheaper to power electric vehicles.   

    Great British Energy is already cutting energy bills for public services, with solar panels already installed on 11 schools as part of plans to roll out the panels on around 200 schools and 200 hospitals in England. 

    The government’s clean energy superpower mission will protect billpayers, create jobs and bring greater energy security through delivering clean power by 2030. Great British Energy will accelerate this by developing, investing and building clean energy projects across the UK. 

    Energy Secretary Ed Miliband said: 

    Your local sports hall, library and community centre could have their energy bills cut by Great British Energy, the government’s publicly-owned clean energy company.  

    Our plans will mean more money can be spent on the services that make working people better off and help strengthen the ties that bind us in our communities.  

    This is what Great British Energy is all about – taking back control to deliver lower bills for good.

    Great British Energy CEO Dan McGrail said: 

    Today’s support for new clean power projects in every region in England shows our mission in action – providing a lasting positive impact for the country by creating new jobs, lower bills, and a cleaner future. 

    It’s important that communities feel the benefits of the energy transition and that we demonstrate the very real rewards it can bring.

    Earlier this year, all Mayoral Strategic Authorities were invited to submit expressions of interest for funding renewable energy projects that can be delivered in the 2025/2026 financial year.  

    Liverpool City Region Combined Authority will use the money to support a rooftop solar project to support care homes and leisure centres, cutting  around £4.6 million on lifetime energy bills, while Greater Manchester will also roll out rooftop solar on libraries, fire stations, police stations and sports centres, leading to estimated savings of over £2.1million on lifetime bills. Projects in York and North Yorkshire are estimated to bring around £4 million in lifetime bill savings, they include solar panels to help power an Edwardian swimming pool in York and leisure centres in Whitby, Ripon and Thirsk. 

    It follows the government’s announcement in March to award £180 million of funding for schools and hospitals to install rooftop solar, marking the first major project for Great British Energy – a company owned by the British people, for the British people. This could see millions invested back into frontline services, targeting deprived areas, with lifetime bill savings for schools and the NHS sites of up to £400 million over the next 30 years.

    Notes to editors 

    Successful Mayoral schemes: 

    The figures below were estimated by DESNZ in collaboration with MSAs, based on a combination of project-level data and DESNZ standard assumptions. It should be noted these are initial estimates that will be refined as projects become operational and actual data is collected. 

    MSA Technology Project Type Grant Funding Requested (£) Total expected project cost (£) Estimated Net Yearly Average Energy Bill Savings  (£ undiscounted, 2025 prices) Estimated Net Lifetime Energy Bill Savings  (£ undiscounted, 2025 prices)
    Greater Lincolnshire Solar Leisure centres and fire stations £607,845 £627,845 TBC TBC
    South Yorkshire Solar Schools, outdoor covered market and library £572,025 £615,397 £51,938 £1,558,131
    Greater London Authority Solar Schools £607,838 £674,220 £30,376 £911,280
    Hull and East Yorkshire Solar Service buildings and car parks £700,000 £1,842,879 £89,822 £2,694,647
    Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Solar Police headquarters, car park and border canopies £700,000 £774,226 £51,630 £1,548,886
    Greater Manchester Solar, Battery and EV Libraries, fire stations, police stations and sports centres £695,900 £1,301,800 £71,846 £2,155,384
    North-East Solar Schools £700,000 £749,946 £46,060 £1,381,806
    York and North Yorkshire Solar Leisure centres, libraries, schools, transport sites £700,000 £1,219,948 £134,898 £4,046,936
    West Yorkshire Solar and Battery Police stations, Arrium plant nursery, primary school, sports centres and Lotherton Hall Estate £700,000 £1,154,838 £275,669 £8,270,082
    Tees Valley Combined Authority Solar Solar on roof of depot and public buildings £444,738 £444,738 £34,664 £1,039,911
    Liverpool City Region Solar Leisure centres and care homes £700,000 £760,319 £152,402 £4,572,054
    East Midlands Solar Former colliery £700,000 £1,900,000 £113,340 £3,400,200
    West Midlands Solar Schools £700,000 £820,000 £58,474 £1,754,207
    West of England Solar Schools £700,000 £1,657,522 £54,123 £1,623,697
    Total     £9,228,346 £14,543,678 £1,165,241 £34,957,222

    Updates to this page

    Published 17 July 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI: RICH Miner launches XRP cloud mining solution to promote daily income of Ripple

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    CHICAGO, IL, July 16, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — RICH Miner, as the world’s preferred cloud mining platform, officially launched a cloud mining solution based on Ripple (XRP) to meet investors’ demand for efficient use of crypto assets, providing a low-threshold, zero-equipment, and automated daily income channel for the majority of coin holders.

    XRP value evolution: from payment tool to passive income engine

    XRP has long been widely used in global payment networks for its advantages of fast transaction confirmation, low handling fees, and strong cross-border settlement. RICH Miner introduces this highly liquid asset into the cloud mining scenario, making XRP no longer just a tool for value transfer, but a “digital mining machine” that can generate sustainable daily income.

    Through this solution, users can purchase computing power contracts with one click without exchanging XRP for other currencies, participate in cloud mining of mainstream currencies such as Bitcoin, and automatically distribute daily income to their accounts.

    The core advantages of RICH Miner XRP mining solution:

    ✅ XRP direct charging and direct mining, no need to exchange

    Use XRP directly to purchase computing power, eliminating the tediousness of multi-currency operations and handling fee losses, and more efficient.

    ✅ Daily income is automatically credited and can be withdrawn flexibly

    The system settles mining income on a daily basis, and the income is automatically credited. Users can withdraw or reinvest at any time to achieve capital recycling.

    ✅ Free choice of multiple contracts

    From short-term experience to long-term high returns, the platform provides a variety of computing power contracts to meet different risk preferences and investment strategies.

    ✅ Green computing power + intelligent scheduling, more stable income

    The platform relies on global green energy mines and intelligent algorithm scheduling systems to ensure stable and efficient operation of computing power and maximize user benefits.

    ✅ Multiple security guarantees, worry-free asset custody

    Adopting cold and hot wallet isolation, dual identity authentication and dynamic risk control system to build a comprehensive security system for users.

    It only takes four steps to start earning XRP daily income:

    1. Register an account:

    Go to the RICH Miner official website, register and receive a $15 new user reward.

    2. Deposit XRP:

    Select “Deposit XRP” in the account background, the system will generate a dedicated wallet address, and users can directly transfer money from the exchange or personal wallet.

    3. Select a mining contract:

    Browse the diverse contracts provided by the platform, select the appropriate plan according to your budget and needs, and confirm the purchase with one click.

    Contract Type Contract Price Contract duration Daily income Total revenue
    Daily Sign-in Rewards $15  1 $0.6  $15+$0.6
    New User Experience Contract $100  2 $3  $100.00 + $6
    Canaan Avalon A15XP $600  8 $7.20  $500.00 + $57.60
    Bitdeer SealMiner A2 $1,300  13 $17.30  $1300.00 + $221.39
    Bitmain Antminer L7 $3,000  17 $42.30  $3000.00 + $719.10
    Bitmain Antminer S21 Immersion $5,600  24 $84.00  $5600.00 + $2016.00
    Bitmain Antminer L9 $12,000  32 $204.00  $12000.00 + $6528.00

    Click here to view the completed contract

    4. Enjoy daily income:

    After the contract takes effect, the system automatically calculates and distributes income every day, and users can withdraw or reinvest at any time to create a stable passive cash flow.

    From “holding coins and waiting” to “holding coins and earning interest”, RICH Miner leads the new trend of XRP investment

    Since the launch of the XRP cloud mining service, a large number of users have invested their XRP assets that were originally stored statically in cloud mining, opening a new cycle of stable daily profits. This change has improved the efficiency of asset use.

    Experts commented: “XRP already has extremely strong liquidity and payment efficiency, and RICH Miner’s cloud mining solution perfectly releases its ‘profitability’, which will become one of the mainstream directions of digital asset applications in the future.”

    Conclusion: Let XRP create value every day

    RICH Miner allows Ripple (XRP) holders to easily enter the era of “daily income” through technological innovation and global computing power integration. No technical threshold is required, no equipment investment is required, just hold XRP, and you can start a new journey of daily automatic income.

    Join RICH Miner now, so that your XRP will no longer sleep, but make money for you every day.

    Customer Service Email: info@richminer.com

    Official Website: https://richminer.com

    Attachment

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI USA: Chairman Hawley Exposes Big Tech’s Complicity in Piracy to Train AI Models & Willfulness to Bankrupt U.S. Creative Community

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator Josh Hawley (R-Mo)

    Wednesday, July 16, 2025

    Today, U.S. Senator Josh Hawley (R-Mo.) chaired a Judiciary subcommittee hearing revealing Big Tech’s role behind the unchecked piracy of copyrighted content to fuel companies’ artificial intelligence (AI) models. The hearing featured witness testimony from bestselling author David Baldacci as well as AI experts and law professors who lent credence to Senator Hawley’s claim: AI companies, namely Meta, have crossed the line of technological innovation into corporate crime.
    “Today’s hearing is about the largest intellectual property theft in American history. . . . AI companies are training their models on stolen material, period. . . . And we’re not talking about these companies simply scouring the internet for what’s publicly available. We’re talking about piracy,” Senator Hawley said.
    “Are we going to protect [Americans’ creative community], or are we going to allow a few mega-corporations to vacuum it all up, digest it, and make billions of dollars in profits—maybe trillions—and pay nobody for it. That’s not America,” the Senator argued, explaining that the issue at hand is a moral one as much as a legal one.
    Baldacci went on to point out the harm mass piracy poses to America’s authors, songwriters, and other creative producers, whose works are now in the crosshairs of Big Tech’s lawlessness.
    “Every single one of my books was presented to me . . . in three seconds. It really felt like I had been robbed of everything of my entire adult life that I had worked on,” Baldacci said.               
    Key revelations uncovered during the hearing include:
    AI companies being trained on over 200 terabytes of copyrighted work—or, in other words, billions of pages that would fill approximately 22 Libraries of Congress.
    Big Tech having pirated this work by illegally downloading it.
    AI companies having facilitated other actors’ piracy by illegally uploading more than 50 terabytes of copyrighted works for others’ use.
    Meta knowing it was engaging in illegal activity.
            • Employees internally warned each other that Meta’s piracy was illegal—and then brazenly made light of it.
            • Meta concealed its pirating via non-Meta servers, so its criminal acts would not be traced back to the company.

    Watch the full subcommittee hearing here.

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI USA: Welch Spotlights Importance of Safeguarding Musicians and Artists from AI 

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator Peter Welch (D-Vermont)
    WASHINGTON, D.C. — U.S. Senator Peter Welch (D-Vt.), a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee today emphasized the importance of establishing protections to help creators—musicians, artists, writers, and others—access the courts to protect their copyrighted works if and when they are used to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) models. Senator Welch urged Congress to pass the Transparency and Responsibility for Artificial Intelligence Networks (TRAIN) Act, bipartisan legislation that would allow copyright holders to access training records used for AI models to determine if their work was used—a process currently used for internet piracy.   
    “The AI companies need content, so they don’t care where it comes from. It’s just a voracious, insatiable appetite, and they’re going to go into copyrighted material. We know that, and to suggest they won’t, I think, is naïve. And the question, and the burden here is—that is going into copyrighted material. And the artist has the right to have that copyright respected. The burden is that how do you know they used it? That’s the whole point of the TRAIN Act, where if there is copyright infringement, a reasonable assertion of that and suspicion of it is going to require disclosure on the part of the AI platform,” said Senator Welch. 
    Watch Senator Welch’s full remarks below: 
    Read key excerpts from Senator Welch’s exchange with Michael Smith, Professor of Information Technology and Marketing at Carnegie Mellon University: 
    “Music is so important. It really helps people get a sense of who they are, it helps people connect, and it’s across political divisions. That’s what’s one of the inspiring things about the incredible contributions that musicians provide to our society. Can you just explain what the dangers are of allowing AI models to freely train off of copyrighted works?” asked Senator Welch.  
    Mr. Michael Smith testified: “There are multiple dangers…When you sign a license with a generative AI company, you’re signing with a gun to your head because they can say, ‘either sign what I’m offering or I’m going to go steal it instead.’ That’s troubling.” 
    Senator Welch: “This is the concern I have about how this AI…is going to make it tougher for those folks against great odds to keep at it. So maybe you could just—from your experience—talk a little bit about how it would adversely impact any chance they have of being able to pay their bills at the end of the month while they’re trying to create inspirational music for the benefit of all of us.” 
    Mr. Smith: “I deeply share that concern, Senator, and it’s based on peer-reviewed academic research showing that creative output goes down when piracy is allowed to flourish. I worry that the future David Baldaccis of the world won’t get through that hump. And we won’t get to appreciate their creative output if we allow piracy to be used to continue to train these generative AI models.”   
    Senator Welch is focused on strengthening consumer protections and safety around emerging technologies, including AI. Last Congress, Senator Welch introduced the Artificial Intelligence Consumer Opt-In, Notification Standards, and Ethical Norms for Training (AI CONSENT) Act, legislation that would require online platforms to obtain consumers’ express informed consent before using their personal data to train AI models. Senator Welch also introduced the Digital Platform Commission Act, legislation to create an expert federal agency to provide comprehensive regulation of digital platforms to protect consumers, promote competition, and safeguard the public interest. 
    Learn more about Senator Welch’s work by visiting his website or by following him on social media. 

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI USA: Ricketts, Colleagues Call for a Stable Regulatory Environment to Win the A.I. Race

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator Pete Ricketts (Nebraska)
    WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today, U.S. Senator Pete Ricketts (R-NE) led a group of colleagues in sending a letter to Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick on shaping regulations to position the United States as the world capital of artificial intelligence (AI).  The letter calls for the administration to release a rule that creates an environment for American innovators to compete and win, while keeping frontier tech out of the hands of America’s adversaries.  This rule will be another step in the administration’s work to ensure the United States dominates the global AI ecosystem.  The letter reads:
    “We can only win the AI race with Communist China if we are wisely limiting our foreign adversary’s opportunities to develop frontier AI and enabling American companies to compete quickly in the global marketplace.  Both prongs are important and the balance between them are crucial.  America is winning the AI race, but the competition has been hard fought and will continue to be.  Steps must be taken quickly since investments happening now will create the world’s tech ecosystem for decades to come.”
    The letter follows an April letter led by Senator Ricketts, urging Secretary Lutnick to rescind the Biden Administration’s AI Diffusion Rule.  This Biden-era policy created obstacles to innovation and cooperation by applying tiers and caps on allies seeking to access American technology.  The Trump administration rescinded the AI Diffusion Rule on May 7.
    The letter was also signed by Senators Kevin Cramer (ND), John Kennedy (LA), James Lankford (OK), and Rick Scott (FL).
    Read the full letter here or below.  
    Dear Secretary Lutnick,
    Under President Trump’s leadership, the United States is shaping emerging technologies globally and positioned as the world capital of artificial intelligence (AI). The President’s cabinet is unshackling American energy, cutting burdensome red tape, and unwinding Biden’s bad policies. One important example of bolstering American prosperity was your decision to rescind and replace the Biden administration’s AI Diffusion Rule. This rule would have helped China win the AI race, and replacing this rule quickly will provide American innovators a stable environment to compete and win.
    The Biden Administration’s AI Diffusion Rule, as accurately stated on the Bureau of Industry and Security’s website, “…would have stifled American innovation and saddled companies with burdensome new regulatory requirements.” The rule undermined relationships with allies and partners around the world. It hamstrung American companies, and the rule ultimately gave friendly nations an incentive to turn to Communist China for their emerging tech needs. Repealing this rule was a step forward for the nation.
    While we are currently ahead of Communist China in the AI race, we must continue to help our nation, companies, and innovators succeed. Failure to maintain our lead in AI development means that we could be at the mercy of Communist China for many critical industries. Examples include cryptography, next-generation pharmaceuticals, and advanced defense materials. President Trump has been at the forefront of securing investment during his recent successful trip to the Middle East. He closed deals promoting U.S. technology as the global standard and secured landmark investments in frontier AI development at home. We must continue to capitalize on this momentum by ensuring allies and partners building out their AI investments see the U.S. as the superior, most reliable partner.
    One crucial next step in this competition is providing American innovators, exporters, and nations around the world a stable exporting structure. Mr. Secretary, your testimony before the Senate Appropriations Committee included key elements of an AI diffusion framework that would enable American AI diffusion around the world while also limiting China’s ability to develop frontier AI. The Trump administration should not return to Biden’s tiers and caps that confused close allies and partners.
    Instead, know-your-customer and security controls should be applied to technologies designed to train frontier AI models. This approach, while allowing other American technologies to flow freely, will ensure the United States dominates the global AI ecosystem.
    We can only win the AI race with Communist China if we are wisely limiting our foreign adversary’s opportunities to develop frontier AI and enabling American companies to compete quickly in the global marketplace. Both prongs are important and the balance between them are crucial. America is winning the AI race, but the competition has been hard fought and will continue to be. Steps must be taken quickly since investments happening now will create the world’s tech ecosystem for decades to come.
    We thank you for your decisive actions so far bolstering American leadership, security, and prosperity. We look forward to working with you and President Trump to make America the AI capital of the world.

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI: Great Southern Bancorp, Inc. Reports Preliminary Second Quarter Earnings of $1.72 Per Diluted Common Share

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    SPRINGFIELD, Mo., July 16, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Great Southern Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) (NASDAQ:GSBC), the holding company for Great Southern Bank (the “Bank”), today reported that preliminary earnings for the three months ended June 30, 2025, were $1.72 per diluted common share ($19.8 million net income) compared to $1.45 per diluted common share ($17.0 million net income) for the three months ended June 30, 2024.

    For the quarter ended June 30, 2025, annualized return on average common equity was 12.81%, annualized return on average assets was 1.34%, and annualized net interest margin was 3.68%, compared to 12.03%, 1.17% and 3.43%, respectively, for the quarter ended June 30, 2024.

    Second Quarter 2025 Key Results:

    • Net Interest Income: Net interest income for the second quarter of 2025 increased $4.2 million (or approximately 8.9%) to $51.0 million compared to $46.8 million for the second quarter of 2024, largely driven by lower interest expense on deposit accounts and other borrowings. Annualized net interest margin was 3.68% for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, compared to 3.43% for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, and 3.57% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded $434,000 of interest income related to recoveries on non-accrual loans and other cash-basis assets, positively affecting net interest income and net interest margin.
    • Asset Quality: Non-performing assets and potential problem loans totaled $15.3 million at June 30, 2025, a decrease of $1.3 million from $16.6 million at December 31, 2024. At June 30, 2025, non-performing assets were $8.1 million (0.14% of total assets), a decrease of $1.5 million from $9.6 million (0.16% of total assets) at December 31, 2024.
    • Liquidity: The Company had secured borrowing line availability at the FHLBank and Federal Reserve Bank of $1.22 billion and $338.9 million, respectively, at June 30, 2025. In addition, at June 30, 2025, the Company had unpledged securities with a market value totaling $349.3 million, which could be pledged as collateral for additional borrowing capacity at either the FHLBank or Federal Reserve Bank.
    • Capital: The Company’s capital position remained strong as of June 30, 2025, significantly exceeding the thresholds established by regulators. On a preliminary basis, as of June 30, 2025, the Company’s Tier 1 Leverage Ratio was 11.5%, Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio was 13.0%, Tier 1 Capital Ratio was 13.5%, and Total Capital Ratio was 14.7%. The Company’s tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio was 10.5% at June 30, 2025. In June 2025, the Company redeemed at par all of its outstanding subordinated notes, which had an aggregate principal amount of $75.0 million.
    • Significant Item Impacting Non-Interest Income: In the quarter ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded income of $1.1 million related to exits from, and other activities of, its investments in tax credit partnerships. This was an unusually large amount for the Company, but this type of income occurs from time to time. We cannot, however, anticipate the amount or timing of this income with certainty.

    Selected Financial Data:

      Three Months Ended
        June 30,     June 30,   March 31,
        2025     2024     2025
        (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
                           
    Net interest income $ 50,963     $ 46,818     $ 49,334  
    Provision (credit) for credit losses on loans and unfunded commitments   (110 )     (607 )     (348 )
    Non-interest income   8,212       9,833       6,590  
    Non-interest expense   35,005       36,409       34,822  
    Provision for income taxes   4,494       3,861       4,290  
                     
    Net income $ 19,786     $ 16,988     $ 17,160  
                     
    Earnings per diluted common share $ 1.72     $ 1.45     $ 1.47  
                           

    Joseph W. Turner, President and CEO of Great Southern, commented, “The second quarter was marked by continued execution of our strategy to maintain core banking fundamentals, drive earnings, and improve tangible book value per share. Our core credit and operating metrics remained sound, with solid quarterly profitability driven by steady margins, ongoing disciplined expense control, and continued strong credit quality. We reported net income of $19.8 million, or $1.72 per diluted common share, for the second quarter of 2025, compared to $17.0 million, or $1.45 per diluted common share, in the same period last year. The increase in net income compared to the prior year quarter reflects strong growth in net interest income, which rose $4.2 million, or 8.9%, largely due to lower interest expense on deposit accounts and borrowings. The second quarter of 2025 and 2024 each had significant unusual or non-recurring items included in non-interest income, which are noted elsewhere in this earnings release. Non-interest expense also decreased from the year-ago quarter due to significant legal and professional fees recorded in 2024.”

    Turner noted, “Despite lingering external economic pressures, our core operations continued to perform well. Total interest income for the second quarter of 2025 was $81.0 million, reflecting stable yields on loans and investment securities. Net interest income for the quarter increased to $51.0 million, supported by our continued disciplined asset-liability management and lower deposit interest costs, despite competitive pressures. We also saw stability in our core non-time deposit balances, reflecting the strength of customer relationships and the enduring value of our franchise.”

    Turner added, “Our balance sheet remains well positioned, with total assets of approximately $5.85 billion at June 30, 2025, and a loan portfolio that reflects a balanced approach to growth and risk management, as we serve our constituent markets. We emphasize prudent lending practices through our relationship-based lending resulting in strong credit quality. Given our emphasis on balancing loan growth with appropriate pricing and loan structure, we saw a $156 million net loan reduction in the quarter, which included a $30 million loan payoff at the end of the quarter. Large loan payoffs tend to fluctuate, but we did experience a higher level of such payoffs in the second quarter of 2025. Our allowance for credit losses stood at $64.8 million at June 30, 2025, representing 1.41% of total loans. Our non-performing assets decreased $1.5 million from both March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, to $8.1 million, or 0.14% of total assets, highlighting our prudent underwriting standards and ongoing credit monitoring.”

    Turner further noted, “On the expense side, we remain focused on operating discipline. Non-interest expense totaled $35.0 million for the second quarter of 2025, an improvement of $1.4 million from the prior-year second quarter, with reductions in legal and professional fees and expense on other real estate owned, partially offset by modest increases in technology investments. Non-interest income totaled $8.2 million for the second quarter of 2025, which did include some significant unusual income as we’ve noted.”

    Turner continued, “As we look ahead, our priorities remain consistent: control costs, safeguard credit quality, and optimize our funding mix to enable continued growth and long-term financial stability. At June 30, 2025, our capital and liquidity positions were solid, with a tangible common equity ratio of 10.5% and approximately $2.2 billion of secured available lines and on-balance sheet liquid assets, providing us with the capital and liquidity we need to support customers, pursue strategic growth opportunities, and continue returning value to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases. In the second quarter of 2025 we repurchased nearly 176,000 shares of our common stock. In June 2025, we redeemed all of the Company’s outstanding 5.50% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes, with an aggregate principal balance of $75 million, in advance of a step up in rate, thereby avoiding a significant increase in interest cost.”

    “Great Southern’s second-quarter 2025 results demonstrate the strength and consistency of our business model and our ability to deliver sustainable returns, supported by strong customer relationships and disciplined management. Our focus on long-term value creation is steadfast as our team works daily to meet the needs of our customers, communities and shareholders,” Turner concluded.

    NET INTEREST INCOME

      Three Months Ended
        June 30,     June 30,   March 31,
        2025     2024   2025
        (Dollars in thousands)
    Interest Income $ 80,975     $ 80,927     $ 80,243  
    Interest Expense   30,012       34,109       30,909  
                           
    Net Interest Income $ 50,963     $ 46,818     $ 49,334  
                     
    Net interest margin   3.68 %     3.43 %     3.57 %
    Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities   126.9 %     126.7 %     125.5 %
                           

    Net interest income for the second quarter of 2025 increased $4.2 million to $51.0 million, compared to $46.8 million for the second quarter of 2024. This increase in net interest income was driven primarily by higher investment interest income and improved overall yields, as well as the strategic management of maturing/repricing brokered deposits and interest-bearing demand deposits to reduce interest expense. Net interest margin was 3.68% in the second quarter of 2025, compared to 3.43% in the same period of 2024 and 3.57% in the first quarter of 2025. Compared to the 2024 second quarter, the average yield on loans decreased 11 basis points, the average yield on investment securities increased 27 basis points and the average yield on other interest earning assets decreased 101 basis points. The average rate paid on interest-bearing demand and savings deposits, time deposits and brokered deposits decreased 36 basis points, 63 basis points and 74 basis points, respectively, in the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. The average interest rate spread was 3.09% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to 2.77% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 3.00% for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

    Net interest margin was positively impacted by the receipt of interest income which had not been accrued for, as outlined above, under “Second Quarter 2025 Key Results – Net Interest Income.” This additional interest income contributed three basis points to net interest margin in the second quarter of 2025. While we currently believe that interest income recoveries such as this may occur in future periods, we cannot anticipate the amount or timing of this income with certainty.

    The average rate paid on total interest-bearing liabilities decreased from 3.17% in the 2024 second quarter to 2.75% in the 2025 second quarter. The average rates paid on deposits and borrowings decreased compared to the prior-year second quarter as market interest rates, primarily the federal funds rate and SOFR rates, declined in the fourth quarter of 2024. Yields on the Company’s portfolio of investment securities increased compared to the prior-year second quarter due to higher-yielding securities purchased in the second quarter of 2024. While market interest rates decreased compared to the second quarter of 2024, the average yield on loans only decreased slightly as cash flows from lower-rate fixed rate loans were redeployed into loans with comparably higher rates of interest.

    To mitigate exposure to the risk of fluctuations in future cash flows resulting from changes in interest rates (primarily related to falling interest rates), the Company has, from time to time, strategically utilized derivative financial instruments, primarily interest rate swaps, as part of its interest rate risk management strategy.

    The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the effect of cash flow hedge accounting included in interest income in the consolidated statements of income:

      Three Months Ended
        June 30,     June 30,   March 31,
        2025     2024   2025
        (In thousands)
    Terminated interest rate swaps $ 2,025     $ 2,025     $ 2,003  
    Active interest rate swaps   (1,757 )     (2,769 )     (1,742 )
                           
    Increase (decrease) to interest income $ 268     $ (744 )   $ 261  
                           

    The Company entered into an interest rate swap in October 2018, which was terminated in March 2020. Upon termination, the Company received $45.9 million, inclusive of accrued but unpaid interest, from its swap counterparty. The net amount, after deducting accrued interest and deferred income taxes, is being accreted to interest income on loans monthly until the originally scheduled termination date of October 6, 2025. After this date, the Company will no longer have the benefit of that income from the terminated swap. The Company anticipates recording approximately $2.0 million in interest income from the terminated swap in the third quarter of 2025, after which no further interest income will be realized.

    The Company’s net interest income in the second quarter of 2025 increased 8.9% compared to net interest income in the second quarter of 2024. The cost of deposits has been negatively impacted over several quarters by the high level of competition for deposits across the industry and the lingering effects of liquidity events at several banks in March and April 2023. After the second quarter of 2023, the Company had a significant amount of time deposits maturing at relatively low interest rates. These deposits were either renewed at higher rates or withdrawn, requiring the Company to replace the withdrawn deposits with other funding sources at then-current market rates. Market rates for time deposits for much of 2024 remained elevated, but have declined as the FOMC cut the federal funds rate by 100 basis points in late 2024 and signaled that further rate cuts may occur in late 2025. As of June 30, 2025, time deposit maturities over the next 12 months were as follows: within three months — $696 million, with a weighted-average rate of 3.93%; within three to six months — $460 million, with a weighted-average rate of 3.83%; and within six to twelve months — $124 million, with a weighted-average rate of 3.37%. Based on time deposit market rates in June 2025, replacement rates for these maturing time deposits are likely to be approximately 3.35-3.85%.

    NON-INTEREST INCOME

    For the quarter ended June 30, 2025, non-interest income decreased $1.6 million to $8.2 million when compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2024, primarily as a result of the following items:

    • Other income: Other income decreased $1.6 million compared to the prior-year quarter. In the second quarter of 2024, the Company recorded $2.7 million of other income, net of expenses and write-offs, related to the termination of the master agreement between the Company and a third-party software vendor for the intended conversion of the Company’s core banking platform. Separately, in the quarter ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded income of $1.1 million related to exits from, and other activities of, its investments in tax credit partnerships.
    • Net gains on loan sales: Net gains on loan sales decreased $234,000 compared to the prior-year quarter. The decrease was due to a decrease in balance of fixed-rate single-family mortgage loans originated and sold during the 2025 period compared to the 2024 period. Fixed rate single-family mortgage loans originated are generally subsequently sold in the secondary market.
    • Late charges and fees on loans: Late charges and fees on loans increased $204,000 compared to the prior-year quarter. This increase was primarily due to prepayment fees on one large commercial real estate loan, which paid off in the 2025 quarter.

    NON-INTEREST EXPENSE

    For the quarter ended June 30, 2025, non-interest expense decreased $1.4 million to $35.0 million when compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2024, primarily as a result of the following items:

    • Legal, audit and other professional fees: Legal, audit and other professional fees decreased $935,000, or 50.2%, from the prior-year quarter, to $929,000. In the quarter ended June 30, 2024, the Company expensed a total of $902,000 related to training and implementation costs for the intended core systems conversion and professional fees to consultants engaged to support the Company’s proposed transition of core and ancillary software and information technology systems, compared to $46,000 in costs expensed in the quarter ended June 30, 2025.
    • Expense on other real estate owned: Expenses on other real estate owned decreased $453,000, or 158.9%, from the prior-year quarter. In the quarter ended June 30, 2025, the Company collected a total of $445,000 in rental income from other real estate owned, compared to $24,000 collected for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. The 2025 period included rental income from the $6.0 million office building asset that was added to other real estate owned in the fourth quarter of 2024. See “Asset Quality” below.
    • Other operating expenses: Other operating expenses decreased $444,000, or 17.3%, from the prior-year quarter. In the 2024 period, the Company recorded expenses totaling $600,000 related to the resolution of compliance matters, with no similar expenses recorded in the current-year quarter.
    • Net occupancy and equipment expenses: Net occupancy and equipment expenses increased $594,000, or 7.6%, from the prior-year quarter. Various components of computer license and support expenses related to upgrades of core systems capabilities collectively increased by $502,000 in the second quarter of 2025 compared to the second quarter of 2024.

    The Company’s efficiency ratio for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, was 59.16% compared to 64.27% for the same quarter in 2024. The Company’s ratio of non-interest expense to average assets was 2.37% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to 2.50% for the three months ended June 30, 2024. Average assets for the three months ended June 30, 2025, increased $86.0 million, or 1.5%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to growth in average balances of net loans and investment securities.

    INCOME TAXES

    For each of the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s effective tax rate was 18.5%. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s effective tax rate was 19.2% and 18.8%, respectively. These effective rates were below the statutory federal tax rate of 21%, due primarily to the utilization of certain investment tax credits and the Company’s tax-exempt investments and tax-exempt loans, which reduced the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company’s effective tax rate may fluctuate in future periods as it is impacted by the level and timing of the Company’s utilization of tax credits, the level of tax-exempt investments and loans, the amount of taxable income in various state jurisdictions and the overall level of pre-tax income. State tax expense estimates continually evolve as taxable income and apportionment between states are analyzed. The Company currently expects its effective tax rate (combined federal and state) will be approximately 18.0% to 20.0% in future periods.

    CAPITAL

        June 30,   December 31,   March 31,
        2025   2024   2025
    Consolidated Regulatory Capital Ratios   (Preliminary)            
    Tier 1 Leverage Ratio   11.5 %   11.4 %   11.3 %
    Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio   13.0 %   12.3 %   12.4 %
    Tier 1 Capital Ratio   13.5 %   12.8 %   12.9 %
    Total Capital Ratio   14.7 %   15.4 %   15.6 %
    Tangible Common Equity Ratio   10.5 %   9.9 %   10.1 %
                       

    As of June 30, 2025, total stockholders’ equity was $622.4 million, representing 10.6% of total assets and a book value of $54.61 per common share. This compares to total stockholders’ equity of $599.6 million, or 10.0% of total assets, and a book value of $51.14 per common share at December 31, 2024. The $22.8 million increase in stockholders’ equity from December 31, 2024, was primarily driven by $36.9 million in net income and a $2.0 million increase from stock option exercises, partially offset by $9.2 million in cash dividends declared on the Company’s common stock and $20.0 million in common stock repurchases.

    Decreased unrealized losses on the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities and interest rate swaps, which totaled $54.4 million (net of taxes) at December 31, 2024, also increased stockholders’ equity by $13.0 million during the first six months of 2025. These net unrealized losses primarily resulted from increased intermediate-term market interest rates in prior periods, which generally decreased the fair value of the investment securities and interest rate swaps. In the first six months of 2025, these market interest rates decreased, resulting in increases in the fair value of the Company’s investment securities and interest rate swaps.

    The Company had unrealized losses on its portfolio of held-to-maturity investment securities, which totaled $19.3 million and $24.7 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, that were not included in its total capital balance. If held-to-maturity unrealized losses were included in capital (net of taxes) at June 30, 2025, they would have decreased total stockholder’s equity at that date by $14.6 million. This amount was equal to 2.3% of total stockholders’ equity of $622.4 million at June 30, 2025, compared to 3.1% of total stockholders’ equity at December 31, 2024.

    On June 15, 2025, the Company redeemed all of its outstanding 5.50% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due June 15, 2030, with an aggregate principal balance of $75 million. The total redemption price was 100% of the aggregate principal balance of the subordinated notes plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Company utilized excess cash on hand for the redemption payment.

    In November 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to one million shares of the Company’s common stock. As of June 30, 2025, approximately 94,000 shares remained available under this stock repurchase authorization.

    In April 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase program, which will succeed the existing repurchase program (authorized in November 2022) following the repurchase of the existing program’s remaining available shares. The new stock repurchase program authorizes the purchase, from time to time, of up to one million additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

    During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 175,998 shares of its common stock at an average price of $55.11, and the Company’s Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.40 per common share, which, combined, reduced stockholders’ equity by $14.4 million.

    During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 349,342 shares of its common stock at an average price of $56.73, and the Company’s Board of Directors declared regular quarterly cash dividends totaling $0.80 per common share, which, combined, reduced stockholders’ equity by $29.2 million.

    LIQUIDITY AND DEPOSITS

    Liquidity is a measure of the Company’s ability to generate sufficient cash to meet present and future financial obligations in a timely manner. The Company’s primary sources of funds are customer deposits, FHLBank advances, other borrowings, loan repayments, unpledged securities, proceeds from sales of loans and available-for-sale securities and funds provided from operations. The Company utilizes some or all of these sources of funds depending on the comparative costs and availability at the time. The Company has from time to time chosen not to pay rates on deposits as high as the rates paid by certain of its competitors and, when believed to be appropriate, supplements deposits with less expensive alternative sources of funds. Management believes that the Company maintains overall liquidity sufficient to satisfy its depositors’ requirements and meet its borrowers’ credit needs.

    At June 30, 2025, the Company had the following available secured lines and on-balance sheet liquidity:

        June 30, 2025
    Federal Home Loan Bank line     $1,216.1 million
    Federal Reserve Bank line     338.9 million
    Cash and cash equivalents     245.9 million
    Unpledged securities – Available-for-sale     325.3 million
    Unpledged securities – Held-to-maturity     24.0 million
           

    During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company’s total deposits increased $78.6 million. Interest-bearing checking balances increased $18.5 million (0.8%), primarily in certain money market accounts, and non-interest-bearing checking balances increased $17.0 million (2.0%). Time deposits generated through the Company’s banking center and corporate services networks decreased $18.1 million (2.3%). Brokered deposits increased $61.2 million (7.9%) through a variety of sources. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company’s total deposits decreased $73.9 million, with $62.1 million of this decrease in brokered deposits.

    At June 30, 2025, the Company had the following deposit balances:

           June 30, 2025
    Interest-bearing checking     $2,233.2 million
    Non-interest-bearing checking     859.9 million
    Time deposits     757.7 million
    Brokered deposits     833.3 million
           

    At June 30, 2025, the Company estimated that its uninsured deposits, excluding deposit accounts of the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries, were approximately $703.6 million (15% of total deposits).

    LOANS

    Total net loans, excluding mortgage loans held for sale, decreased $156.1 million, or 3.3%, from $4.69 billion at December 31, 2024 to $4.53 billion at June 30, 2025. This decrease was primarily driven by decreases in construction loans of $79.1 million, commercial real estate loans of $56.1 million, one- to four-family residential loans of $23.0 million and commercial business loans of $25.2 million, partially offset by an increase in other residential (multi-family) loans of $28.7 million. Compared to March 31, 2025, net loans decreased $156.4 million.

    The pipeline of the unfunded portion of loans and formal loan commitments remained strong, with the largest portion of these unfunded balances represented by the unfunded portion of outstanding construction loans ($626.0 million at June 30, 2025). See the table below.

    For additional details about the Company’s loan portfolio, please refer to the quarterly loan portfolio presentation available on the Company’s Investor Relations website under “Presentations.”

    Loan commitments and the unfunded portion of loans at the dates indicated were as follows (in thousands):

        June 30,
    2025
        March 31,
    2025
        December
    31, 2024
        December
    31, 2023
        December
    31, 2022
     
    Closed non-construction loans with unused available lines                              
    Secured by real estate (one- to four-family) $ 211,453   $ 211,119   $ 205,599   $ 203,964   $ 199,182  
    Secured by real estate (not one- to four-family)                    
    Not secured by real estate – commercial business   102,891     106,211     106,621     82,435     104,452  
                                   
    Closed construction loans with unused available lines                              
    Secured by real estate (one-to four-family)   96,935     96,807     94,501     101,545     100,669  
    Secured by real estate (not one-to four-family)   644,427     657,828     703,947     719,039     1,444,450  
                                   
    Loan commitments not closed                              
    Secured by real estate (one-to four-family)   17,148     19,264     14,373     12,347     16,819  
    Secured by real estate (not one-to four-family)   13,002     50,296     53,660     48,153     157,645  
    Not secured by real estate – commercial business   27,003     18,484     22,884     11,763     50,145  
                                   
      $ 1,112,859   $ 1,160,009   $ 1,201,585   $ 1,179,246   $ 2,073,362  
                                   

    PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

    During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not record a provision expense on its portfolio of outstanding loans. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company did not record a provision expense on its portfolio of outstanding loans, compared to a provision expense of $500,000 in the same period in 2024. Total net recoveries were $111,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to net recoveries of $168,000 during the same period in the prior year. Total net recoveries were $55,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to net recoveries of $85,000 during the same period in the prior year. Additionally, for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded a negative provision for losses on unfunded commitments of $110,000, compared to a negative provision of $607,000 for the same period in 2024. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded a negative provision for losses on unfunded commitments of $458,000, compared to a negative provision of $477,000 for the same period in 2024.

    The Bank’s allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans was 1.41% at June 30, 2025, an increase from 1.36% at both December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025. Management considers the allowance for credit losses adequate to cover losses inherent in the Bank’s loan portfolio at June 30, 2025, based on recent reviews of the portfolio and current economic conditions. However, if challenging economic conditions persist or worsen, or if management’s assessment of the loan portfolio changes, additional provisions for credit losses may be required, which could adversely impact the Company’s future financial performance.

    ASSET QUALITY

    At June 30, 2025, non-performing assets were $8.1 million, a decrease of $1.5 million from $9.6 million at December 31, 2024 and a decrease of $1.4 million from $9.5 million at March 31, 2025. Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets were 0.14% at June 30, 2025, compared to 0.16% at both December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025.

    Activity in the non-performing loan categories during the quarter ended June 30, 2025, was as follows:

        Beginning
    Balance,
    April 1
      Additions
    to Non-
    Performing
      Removed
    from Non-
    Performing
      Transfers
    to Potential
    Problem
    Loans
      Transfers to
    Foreclosed
    Assets and
    Repossessions
      Charge-
    Offs
      Payments   Ending
    Balance,
    June 30
        (In thousands)
                                     
    One- to four-family construction $ $ $ $ $ $ $   $
    Subdivision construction                  
    Land development   368             (368 )  
    Commercial construction                  
    One- to four-family residential   3,076   154           (1,204 )   2,026
    Other residential (multi-family)                  
    Commercial real estate                  
    Commercial business                  
    Consumer   38   7           (27 )   18
    Total non-performing loans $ 3,482 $ 161 $ $ $ $ $ (1,599 ) $ 2,044
                                     
    • Compared to March 31, 2025, non-performing loans decreased $1.4 million.
    • The non-performing one- to four-family residential category consisted of eight loans at June 30, 2025, one of which was added during the current quarter.
    • The largest relationship in the one- to four-family residential category totaled $614,000 at June 30, 2025. This relationship was added to non-performing loans in 2024 and is collateralized by a single-family residential property in the Sarasota, Fla. area.
    • During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, one- to four-family residential loans experienced one loan pay-off totaling $884,000 and another related loan had a principal pay-down totaling $296,000. Additionally, the only loan in the non-performing land development category at the beginning of the quarter paid off.

    Activity in the potential problem loans categories during the quarter ended June 30, 2025, was as follows:

        Beginning
    Balance,
    April 1
      Additions to
    Potential
    Problem
      Removed
    from
    Potential
    Problem
      Transfers
    to Non-
    Performing
      Transfers to
    Foreclosed
    Assets and
    Repossessions
      Charge-
    Offs
      Loan Advances (Payments)   Ending
    Balance,
    June 30
     
        (In thousands)
                                       
    One- to four-family construction $ $ $   $ $   $   $   $  
    Subdivision construction                          
    Land development                          
    Commercial construction                          
    One- to four-family residential   2,128   34   (307 )             (16 )   1,839  
    Other residential (multi-family)                          
    Commercial real estate   4,313                   (16 )   4,297  
    Commercial business     33                     33  
    Consumer   1,011   50         (2 )   (11 )   (11 )   1,037  
    Total potential problem loans $ 7,452 $ 117 $ (307 ) $ $ (2 ) $ (11 ) $ (43 ) $ 7,206  
                                       
    • Compared to March 31, 2025, potential problem loans decreased $246,000.
    • At June 30, 2025, the commercial real estate category consisted of three loans, all of which are part of one relationship and were added in 2024.
    • The commercial real estate relationship is collateralized by three nursing care facilities located in southwest Missouri. The borrower’s business cash flow was negatively impacted by a reduction in available labor and increased operating costs as well as ongoing changes to the Missouri Medicaid reimbursement rate. Monthly payments were timely made prior to the transfer to this category and have continued to be paid timely.
    • At June 30, 2025, the one- to four-family residential category consisted of ten loans, one of which was added to potential problem loans during the current quarter.
    • The largest relationship in the one- to four-family category, which was reclassified from the consumer category during the first quarter of 2025, totaled $963,000 and is collateralized by multiple single-family residential properties in Indiana and Florida.
    • At June 30, 2025, the consumer category of potential problem loans consisted of 14 loans, two of which were added during the current quarter.
    • The largest loan in the consumer category is a home equity loan totaling $784,000 related to the nursing care facility relationship, noted above.

    Activity in the foreclosed assets and repossessions categories during the quarter ended June 30, 2025 was as follows:

        Beginning
    Balance,
    April 1
      Additions   ORE and
    Repossession
    Sales
      Capitalized
    Costs
      ORE and
    Repossession
    Write-Downs
      Ending
    Balance,
    June 30
        (In thousands)
                             
    One-to four-family construction $ $ $   $ $ $
    Subdivision construction              
    Land development              
    Commercial construction              
    One- to four-family residential              
    Other residential (multi-family)              
    Commercial real estate   6,036             6,036
    Commercial business              
    Consumer     6   (2 )       4
    Total foreclosed assets and repossessions $ 6,036 $ 6 $ (2 ) $ $ $ 6,040
                             
    • Compared to March 31, 2025, foreclosed assets increased $4,000.
    • The commercial real estate category consisted of two foreclosed properties, one of which, totaling $76,000, was added during the first quarter of 2025.
    • The largest asset in the commercial real estate category, totaling $6.0 million, consisted of an office building located in Clayton, Mo. This asset was foreclosed upon in the fourth quarter of 2024.

    BUSINESS INITIATIVES

    Technology updates and advancements continue with the Company’s current core provider. Projects involving a full array of products and services are moving forward, with completions expected beginning in the third quarter of 2025 and continuing into 2026.

    The Company installed 10 ITM units in the St. Louis, Mo. market, replacing existing end-of-life ATM units. The ITMs, all located at banking center locations, offer customers live teller services, extended banking hours, and services beyond those traditionally available via an ATM.

    Construction of the Company’s new banking center at 723 N. Benton in Springfield, Mo., to replace the existing facility at that location, began in March 2025 and is on schedule for completion in the fourth quarter of 2025. The new facility, designed as a next-generation banking center, will allow for flexibility in testing new designs, processes, technology and tools, balanced with customer convenience. The Company has 11 other banking centers and an Express Center in Springfield.

    Earnings Conference Call

    The Company will host a conference call on Thursday, July 17, 2025, at 2:00 p.m. Central Time to discuss second quarter 2025 preliminary earnings. The call will be available live or in a recorded version at the Company’s Investor Relations website, http://investors.greatsouthernbank.com. Participants may register for the call at https://register-conf.media-server.com/register/BI5023532982f44a44b03e6e16deb1e937.

    About Great Southern Bancorp, Inc.

    Headquartered in Springfield, Missouri, Great Southern offers a broad range of banking services to customers. The Company operates 89 retail banking centers in Missouri, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Arkansas and Nebraska and commercial lending offices in Atlanta, Charlotte, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Omaha, and Phoenix. The common stock of Great Southern Bancorp, Inc. is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “GSBC.”

    www.GreatSouthernBank.com

    Forward-Looking Statements

    When used in this press release and in other documents filed or furnished by the Company with or to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), in the Company’s other press releases or other public or stockholder communications, and in oral statements made with the approval of an authorized executive officer, the words or phrases “may,” “might,” “could,” “should,” “will likely result,” “are expected to,” “will continue,” “is anticipated,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “intends” or similar expressions are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements also include, but are not limited to, statements regarding plans, objectives, expectations or consequences of announced transactions, known trends and statements about future performance, operations, products and services of the Company. The Company’s ability to predict results or the actual effects of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain, and the Company’s actual results could differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements.

    Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to: (i) expected revenues, cost savings, earnings accretion, synergies and other benefits from the Company’s merger and acquisition activities might not be realized within the anticipated time frames or at all, and costs or difficulties relating to integration matters, including but not limited to customer and employee retention, might be greater than expected; (ii) changes in economic conditions, either nationally or in the Company’s market areas; (iii) the effects of any new or continuing public health issues on general economic and financial market conditions; (iv) fluctuations in interest rates, the effects of inflation or a potential recession, whether caused by Federal Reserve actions or otherwise; (v) the impact of bank failures or adverse developments at other banks and related negative press about the banking industry in general on investor and depositor sentiment; (vi) slower or negative economic growth caused by tariffs, changes in energy prices, supply chain disruptions or other factors; (vii) the risks of lending and investing activities, including changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses; (viii) the possibility of realized or unrealized losses on securities held in the Company’s investment portfolio; (ix) the Company’s ability to access cost-effective funding and maintain sufficient liquidity; (x) fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate market conditions; (xi) the ability to adapt successfully to technological changes to meet customers’ needs and developments in the marketplace; (xii) the possibility that security measures implemented might not be sufficient to mitigate the risk of a cyber-attack or cyber theft, and that such security measures might not protect against systems failures or interruptions; (xiii) legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect the Company’s business; (xiv) changes in accounting policies and practices or accounting standards; (xv) results of examinations of the Company and the Bank by their regulators, including the possibility that the regulators may, among other things, require the Company to limit its business activities, change its business mix, increase its allowance for credit losses, write-down assets or increase its capital levels, or affect its ability to borrow funds or maintain or increase deposits, which could adversely affect its liquidity and earnings; (xvi) costs and effects of litigation, including settlements and judgments; (xvii) competition; and (xviii) natural disasters, war, terrorist activities or civil unrest and their effects on economic and business environments in which the Company operates. The Company wishes to advise readers that the factors listed above and other risks described in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, including, without limitation, those described under “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other documents filed or furnished from time to time by the Company with the SEC (which are available on our website at www.greatsouthernbank.com and the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov), could affect the Company’s financial performance and cause the Company’s actual results for future periods to differ materially from any opinions or statements expressed with respect to future periods in any current statements.

    The Company does not undertake-and specifically declines any obligation- to publicly release the result of any revisions which may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.

    The following tables set forth selected consolidated financial information of the Company at the dates and for the periods indicated. Financial data at all dates other than December 31, 2024, and for all periods is unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist only of normal recurring accrual adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results at and for such unaudited dates and periods have been included. The results of operations and other data for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and the three months ended March 31, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations which may be expected for any future period.

        June 30,
        December 31,
        2025
        2024
    Selected Financial Condition Data:   (In thousands)
                   
    Total assets $ 5,854,672     $ 5,981,628  
    Loans receivable, gross   4,604,943       4,761,848  
    Allowance for credit losses   64,815       64,760  
    Other real estate owned, net   6,040       5,993  
    Available-for-sale securities, at fair value   527,543       533,373  
    Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost   183,100       187,433  
    Deposits   4,684,126       4,605,549  
    Total borrowings   450,483       679,341  
    Total stockholders’ equity   622,368       599,568  
    Non-performing assets   8,084       9,566  
                   
        Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended     Three Months
    Ended
        June 30,     June 30,     March 31,
        2025     2024     2025     2024
        2025
        (In thousands)
    Selected Operating Data:                              
    Interest income $ 80,975     $ 80,927     $ 161,218     $ 158,317     $ 80,243  
    Interest expense   30,012       34,109       60,921       66,683       30,909  
    Net interest income   50,963       46,818       100,297       91,634       49,334  
    Provision (credit) for credit losses on loans and unfunded commitments   (110 )     (607 )     (458 )     23       (348 )
    Non-interest income   8,212       9,833       14,802       16,639       6,590  
    Non-interest expense   35,005       36,409       69,827       70,831       34,822  
    Provision for income taxes   4,494       3,861       8,784       7,024       4,290  
    Net income $ 19,786     $ 16,988     $ 36,946     $ 30,395     $ 17,160  
                                   
      At or For the Three
    Months Ended
      At or For the Six
    Months Ended
      At or For the Three
    Months Ended
      June 30,   June 30,   March 31,
      2025   2024   2025   2024   2025
      (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
    Per Common Share:              
    Net income (fully diluted) $ 1.72     $ 1.45     $ 3.18     $ 2.58     $ 1.47  
    Book value $ 54.61     $ 49.11     $ 54.61     $ 49.11     $ 53.03  
                   
    Earnings Performance Ratios:              
    Annualized return on average assets   1.34 %     1.17 %     1.24 %     1.05 %     1.15 %
    Annualized return on average common stockholders’ equity   12.81 %     12.03 %     12.06 %     10.69 %     11.30 %
    Net interest margin   3.68 %     3.43 %     3.63 %     3.38 %     3.57 %
    Average interest rate spread   3.09 %     2.77 %     3.05 %     2.71 %     3.00 %
    Efficiency ratio   59.16 %     64.27 %     60.67 %     65.42 %     62.27 %
    Non-interest expense to average total assets   2.37 %     2.50 %     2.35 %     2.44 %     2.34 %
                   
    Asset Quality Ratios:              
    Allowance for credit losses to period-end loans   1.41 %     1.39 %     1.41 %     1.39 %     1.36 %
    Non-performing assets to period-end assets   0.14 %     0.34 %     0.14 %     0.34 %     0.16 %
    Non-performing loans to period-end loans   0.04 %     0.23 %     0.04 %     0.23 %     0.07 %
    Annualized net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans   (0.01 )%     (0.01 )%     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %
                   
     
    Great Southern Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries
    Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
    (In thousands, except number of shares)
                 
        June 30,
    2025
      December 31,
    2024
      March 31,
    2025
                 
    Assets            
    Cash $ 110,007   $ 109,366   $ 106,336  
    Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions   135,906     86,390     110,845  
    Cash and cash equivalents   245,913     195,756     217,181  
                 
    Available-for-sale securities   527,543     533,373     535,914  
    Held-to-maturity securities   183,100     187,433     185,853  
    Mortgage loans held for sale   5,616     6,937     6,857  
    Loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $64,815 – June 2025; $64,760 – December 2024; $64,704 – March 2025   4,534,287     4,690,393     4,690,636  
    Interest receivable   20,644     20,430     21,504  
    Prepaid expenses and other assets   133,614     136,594     132,930  
    Other real estate owned and repossessions, net   6,040     5,993     6,036  
    Premises and equipment, net   134,337     132,466     132,165  
    Goodwill and other intangible assets   9,877     10,094     9,985  
    Federal Home Loan Bank stock and other interest-earning assets   23,714     28,392     25,813  
    Current and deferred income taxes   29,987     33,767     28,968  
                 
    Total Assets $ 5,854,672   $ 5,981,628   $ 5,993,842  
                 
    Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity            
    Liabilities            
    Deposits $ 4,684,126   $ 4,605,549   $ 4,758,046  
    Securities sold under reverse repurchase agreements with customers   54,802     64,444     75,322  
    Short-term borrowings   369,907     514,247     359,907  
    Subordinated debentures issued to capital trust   25,774     25,774     25,774  
    Subordinated notes       74,876     74,950  
    Accrued interest payable   4,065     12,761     5,416  
    Advances from borrowers for taxes and insurance   8,822     5,272     7,451  
    Accounts payable and accrued expenses   76,763     70,634     65,528  
    Liability for unfunded commitments   8,045     8,503     8,155  
    Total Liabilities   5,232,304     5,382,060     5,380,549  
                 
    Stockholders’ Equity            
    Capital stock            
    Preferred stock, $.01 par value; authorized 1,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding June 2025, December 2024 and March 2025 -0- shares            
    Common stock, $.01 par value; authorized 20,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding June 2025 – 11,396,533 shares; December 2024 – 11,723,548 shares; March 2025 – 11,565,211 shares   114     117     116  
    Additional paid-in capital   51,646     50,336     51,076  
    Retained earnings   611,921     603,477     606,239  
    Accumulated other comprehensive loss   (41,313 )   (54,362 )   (44,138 )
    Total Stockholders’ Equity   622,368     599,568     613,293  
                 
    Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity $ 5,854,672   $ 5,981,628   $ 5,993,842  
                       
     
    Great Southern Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries
    Consolidated Statements of Income
    (In thousands, except per share data)
                   
        Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended   Three Months Ended
        June 30,     June 30,   March 31,
        2025     2024     2025     2024     2025
    Interest Income                            
    Loans $ 73,830     $ 74,295     $ 146,901     $ 145,371     $ 73,071  
    Investment securities and other   7,145       6,632       14,317       12,946       7,172  
        80,975       80,927       161,218       158,317       80,243  
    Interest Expense                            
    Deposits   24,368       27,783       48,968       55,420       24,600  
    Securities sold under reverse repurchase agreements   372       394       743       727       371  
    Short-term borrowings, overnight FHLBank borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities   3,974       4,373       8,424       7,417       4,450  
    Subordinated debentures issued to capital trust   389       454       771       908       382  
    Subordinated notes   909       1,105       2,015       2,211       1,106  
        30,012       34,109       60,921       66,683       30,909  
                                 
    Net Interest Income   50,963       46,818       100,297       91,634       49,334  
    Provision for Credit Losses on Loans                     500        
    Provision (Credit) for Unfunded Commitments   (110 )     (607 )     (458 )     (477 )     (348 )
    Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses and Provision (Credit) for Unfunded Commitments   51,073       47,425       100,755       91,611       49,682  
                                 
    Non-interest Income                            
    Commissions   411       269       673       650       262  
    Overdraft and Insufficient funds fees   1,266       1,230       2,481       2,519       1,215  
    POS and ATM fee income and service charges   3,444       3,588       6,678       6,771       3,234  
    Net gains on loan sales   893       1,127       1,494       1,804       601  
    Late charges and fees on loans   340       136       583       303       243  
    Gain (loss) on derivative interest rate products   (28 )     (7 )     (52 )     (20 )     (24 )
    Other income   1,886       3,490       2,945       4,612       1,059  
        8,212       9,833       14,802       16,639       6,590  
                                 
    Non-interest Expense                            
    Salaries and employee benefits   20,005       19,886       40,134       39,542       20,129  
    Net occupancy and equipment expense   8,435       7,841       16,968       15,680       8,533  
    Postage   825       777       1,756       1,584       931  
    Insurance   1,095       1,263       2,260       2,407       1,165  
    Advertising   705       891       995       1,241       290  
    Office supplies and printing   238       236       504       503       266  
    Telephone   705       685       1,411       1,406       706  
    Legal, audit and other professional fees   929       1,864       1,967       3,589       1,038  
    Expense (income) on other real estate and repossessions   (168 )     285       (238 )     346       (70 )
    Acquired intangible asset amortization   108       109       216       217       108  
    Other operating expenses   2,128       2,572       3,854       4,316       1,726  
        35,005       36,409       69,827       70,831       34,822  
                                 
    Income Before Income Taxes   24,280       20,849       45,730       37,419       21,450  
    Provision for Income Taxes   4,494       3,861       8,784       7,024       4,290  
                                 
    Net Income $ 19,786     $ 16,988     $ 36,946     $ 30,395     $ 17,160  
                                 
    Earnings Per Common Share                            
    Basic $ 1.73     $ 1.46     $ 3.20     $ 2.60     $ 1.47  
    Diluted $ 1.72     $ 1.45     $ 3.18     $ 2.58     $ 1.47  
                                 
    Dividends Declared Per Common Share $ 0.40     $ 0.40     $ 0.80     $ 0.80     $ 0.40  
                                 
     
    Average Balances, Interest Rates and Yields
     

    The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the total dollar amounts of interest income from average interest-earning assets and the resulting yields, as well as the interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities, expressed both in dollars and rates, and the net interest margin. Average balances of loans receivable include the average balances of nonaccrual loans for each period. Interest income on loans includes interest received on nonaccrual loans on a cash basis. Interest income on loans also includes the amortization of net loan fees, which were deferred in accordance with accounting standards. Net fees included in interest income were $1.1 million for both the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Net fees included in interest income were $2.1 million and $2.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Tax-exempt income was not calculated on a tax equivalent basis. The table does not reflect any effect of income taxes.

      June 30, 2025       Three Months Ended
    June 30, 2025
      Three Months Ended
    June 30, 2024
     
              Average         Yield/       Average         Yield/  
      Yield/Rate       Balance     Interest   Rate       Balance     Interest   Rate  
      (Dollars in thousands)  
    Interest-earning assets:                                        
    Loans receivable:                                        
    One- to four-family residential 4.24 %   $ 822,283   $ 8,750   4.27 %   $ 877,957   $ 8,769   4.02 %
    Other residential 6.91       1,565,447     27,281   6.99       1,072,168     19,633   7.36  
    Commercial real estate 6.19       1,489,015     23,082   6.22       1,499,893     23,296   6.25  
    Construction 7.07       480,254     8,617   7.20       803,478     15,525   7.77  
    Commercial business 5.93       208,119     3,517   6.78       266,187     4,375   6.61  
    Other loans 6.39       167,548     2,583   6.18       170,467     2,697   6.36  
                                             
    Total loans receivable 6.16       4,732,666     73,830   6.26       4,690,150     74,295   6.37  
                                             
    Investment securities 3.17       727,336     6,099   3.36       696,239     5,347   3.09  
    Other interest-earning assets 4.37       97,463     1,046   4.30       97,340     1,285   5.31  
                                             
    Total interest-earning assets 5.74       5,557,465     80,975   5.84       5,483,729     80,927   5.94  
    Non-interest-earning assets:                                        
    Cash and cash equivalents         100,289                 94,669            
    Other non-earning assets         256,923                 250,244            
    Total assets       $ 5,914,677               $ 5,828,642            
                                             
    Interest-bearing liabilities:                                        
    Interest-bearing demand and savings 1.41     $ 2,225,933     7,791   1.40     $ 2,234,824     9,794   1.76  
    Time deposits 3.42       757,608     6,521   3.45       894,475     9,073   4.08  
    Brokered deposits 4.44       895,340     10,056   4.50       683,337     8,916   5.25  
    Total deposits 2.47       3,878,881     24,368   2.52       3,812,636     27,783   2.93  
    Securities sold under reverse repurchase agreements 2.33       65,607     372   2.27       76,969     394   2.06  
    Short-term borrowings, overnight FHLBank borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities 4.55       347,303     3,974   4.59       339,270     4,373   5.18  
    Subordinated debentures issued to capital trust 6.14       25,774     389   6.05       25,774     454   7.08  
    Subordinated notes       62,631     909   5.82       74,699     1,105   5.95  
                                             
    Total interest-bearing liabilities 2.66       4,380,196     30,012   2.75       4,329,348     34,109   3.17  
    Non-interest-bearing liabilities:                                        
    Demand deposits         849,862                 853,555            
    Other liabilities         66,585                 80,905            
    Total liabilities         5,296,643                 5,263,808            
    Stockholders’ equity         618,034                 564,834            
    Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity       $ 5,914,677               $ 5,828,642            
                                             
    Net interest income:             $ 50,963               $ 46,818      
    Interest rate spread 3.08 %               3.09 %               2.77 %
    Net interest margin*                   3.68 %               3.43 %
    Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities         126.9 %               126.7 %          
                                             

    *Defined as the Company’s net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

      June 30, 2025       Six Months Ended
    June 30, 2025
      Six Months Ended
    June 30, 2024
     
              Average         Yield/       Average         Yield/  
      Yield/Rate       Balance     Interest   Rate       Balance     Interest   Rate  
      (Dollars in thousands)  
    Interest-earning assets:                                        
    Loans receivable:                                        
    One- to four-family residential 4.24 %   $ 826,426   $ 17,318   4.23 %   $ 883,963   $ 17,466   3.97 %
    Other residential 6.91       1,555,881     53,731   6.96       1,016,071     36,491   7.22  
    Commercial real estate 6.19       1,499,665     46,096   6.20       1,499,767     46,064   6.18  
    Construction 7.07       485,392     17,270   7.17       830,025     31,368   7.60  
    Commercial business 5.93       209,944     7,339   7.05       276,131     8,984   6.54  
    Other loans 6.39       166,989     5,147   6.22       172,051     4,998   5.84  
                                             
    Total loans receivable 6.16       4,744,297     146,901   6.24       4,678,008     145,371   6.25  
                                             
    Investment securities 3.17       732,699     12,173   3.35       682,960     10,357   3.05  
    Other interest-earning assets 4.37       101,238     2,144   4.27       98,922     2,589   5.26  
                                             
    Total interest-earning assets 5.74       5,578,234     161,218   5.83       5,459,890     158,317   5.83  
    Non-interest-earning assets:                                        
    Cash and cash equivalents         100,537                 92,572            
    Other non-earning assets         259,692                 243,029            
    Total assets       $ 5,938,463               $ 5,795,491            
                                             
    Interest-bearing liabilities:                                        
    Interest-bearing demand and savings 1.41     $ 2,223,716     15,588   1.41     $ 2,229,302     19,276   1.74  
    Time deposits 3.42       764,791     13,235   3.49       916,098     18,238   4.00  
    Brokered deposits 4.44       893,983     20,145   4.54       686,079     17,906   5.25  
    Total deposits 2.47       3,882,490     48,968   2.54       3,831,479     55,420   2.91  
    Securities sold under reverse repurchase agreements 2.33       73,957     743   2.03       75,718     727   1.93  
    Short-term borrowings, overnight FHLBank borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities 4.55       369,849     8,424   4.59       290,431     7,417   5.14  
    Subordinated debentures issued to capital trust 6.14       25,774     771   6.03       25,774     908   7.08  
    Subordinated notes       68,741     2,015   5.91       74,659     2,211   5.96  
                                             
    Total interest-bearing liabilities 2.66       4,420,811     60,921   2.78       4,298,061     66,683   3.12  
    Non-interest-bearing liabilities:                                        
    Demand deposits         835,888                 854,202            
    Other liabilities         68,961                 74,391            
    Total liabilities         5,325,660                 5,226,654            
    Stockholders’ equity         612,803                 568,837            
    Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity       $ 5,938,463               $ 5,795,491            
                                             
    Net interest income:             $ 100,297               $ 91,634      
    Interest rate spread 3.08 %               3.05 %               2.71 %
    Net interest margin*                   3.63 %               3.38 %
    Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities         126.2 %               127.0 %          
                                             

    *Defined as the Company’s net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

    NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

    This document contains certain financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), specifically, the ratio of tangible common equity to tangible assets.

    In calculating the ratio of tangible common equity to tangible assets, we subtract period-end intangible assets from common equity and from total assets. Management believes that the presentation of this measure excluding the impact of intangible assets provides useful supplemental information that is helpful in understanding our financial condition and results of operations, as it provides a method to assess management’s success in utilizing our tangible capital as well as our capital strength. Management also believes that providing a measure that excludes balances of intangible assets, which are subjective components of valuation, facilitates the comparison of our performance with the performance of our peers. In addition, management believes that this is a standard financial measure used in the banking industry to evaluate performance.

    This non-GAAP financial measurement is supplemental and is not a substitute for any analysis based on GAAP financial measures. Because not all companies use the same calculation of non-GAAP measures, this presentation may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures as calculated by other companies.

    Non-GAAP Reconciliation: Ratio of Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets

        June 30,       December 31,  
        2025       2024  
        (Dollars in thousands)  
           
    Common equity at period end $ 622,368     $ 599,568  
    Less: Intangible assets at period end   9,877       10,094  
    Tangible common equity at period end (a) $ 612,491     $ 589,474  
                   
    Total assets at period end $ 5,854,672     $ 5,981,628  
    Less: Intangible assets at period end   9,877       10,094  
    Tangible assets at period end (b) $ 5,844,795     $ 5,971,534  
                   
    Tangible common equity to tangible assets (a) / (b)   10.48 %     9.87 %
                   

    CONTACT:

    Jeff Tryka, CFA,
    Investor Relations,
    (616) 233-0500
    GSBC@lambert.com

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI: Cloud mining revolutionizes the way to increase the value of crypto assets: Ripplecoin Mining allows XRP, BTC, and Solana holders to achieve daily income

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    Weston, Massachusetts, July 16, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — As the cryptocurrency market continues to fluctuate, more and more investors are looking for a stable income channel that does not rely on market conditions. Ripplecoin Mining’s newly launched mobile cloud mining application is providing a new passive income path for holders of mainstream currencies such as XRP, Bitcoin (BTC) and Solana: users no longer just wait for the price of the currency to rise, but rent computing power and participate in daily dividends to achieve continuous growth of assets.

    Market turmoil drives investment strategy transformation, cloud mining becomes a new option for hedging

    As the legal tug-of-war between Ripple and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) draws to a close, the market is re-heating up on the future prospects of XRP; at the same time, Bitcoin (BTC) has retreated to about $117,000 after hitting a record high of $123,000, triggering a large-scale fund rebalancing. On-chain data shows that many long-term holders (“whale” addresses) have transferred some BTC to centralized exchanges, releasing potential selling pressure signals. Affected by the slowdown in ETF fund flows and macroeconomic uncertainties, short-term market volatility has significantly increased.

    Against this backdrop, more and more investors have begun to turn their funds to “non-transactional” income channels such as cloud mining, giving priority to locking in daily stable returns and reducing their reliance on drastic market price fluctuations. Platforms such as Ripplecoin Mining have become the preferred tools for current crypto holders to build a stable cash flow due to their advantages such as no hardware required, daily settlement of income, and green energy drive.

    A report released by ChainProof, a third-party blockchain data platform, pointed out that in the past month, the number of users using Ripplecoin Mining cloud mining services has increased by 23.5%, of which more than 46% completed registration and operation through mobile devices. This trend shows that mining is no longer limited to high-threshold professional scenarios, but is gradually opening up to ordinary users.

    Simplify the mining process: three steps to participate

    The Ripplecoin Mining mobile app is compatible with iOS and Android systems. Users only need to complete the following three steps to start the remote mining experience:

    Quick registration: Register an account via email to get a free trial of $15 cloud computing power;
    Choose a contract: Supports payment in currencies such as XRP, BTC, ETH, DOGE, etc. The contract is flexible and diverse, and the income is distributed on a daily basis;

    Receive daily income: The system will automatically allocate global computing resources, and users can view and receive income in the App every day.

    This innovative model greatly simplifies the hardware equipment, power configuration and technical threshold required for traditional mining, allowing every cryptocurrency holder to easily obtain miner-level income.

    Smart and green: Dual guarantee of technology and energy

    Ripplecoin Mining has more than 120 green data nodes distributed in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific. The system adopts AI intelligent scheduling algorithm, which can respond to the computing power requests of global users within one second, which not only improves efficiency, but also realizes a low-carbon and environmentally friendly mining ecology.
    The platform spokesperson said: “We hope that every coin holder can participate in this global computing power network without worrying about equipment, technology or electricity costs.”

    User voice: Stable income brings peace of mind

    James, an XRP investor from Manchester, UK, shared his experience: “In the past, I was often anxious about the fluctuations in the currency price. Now, through cloud mining, I have stable income every day, which makes me more confident in the future.”
    On social platforms such as Reddit and Telegram, users’ positive comments on the application are increasing. They not only agree with its ease of use, but also regard it as a safe and continuous asset management tool.

    Future development: Multi-currency combined mining is about to go online

    Ripplecoin Mining revealed that it will launch the “combined mining” function next, allowing users to participate in mining plans of multiple currencies in the same contract at the same time, thereby further enhancing the stability of income and the flexibility of asset allocation.
    At the same time, the company will also expand its international layout, focusing on expanding the Canadian, British and Southeast Asian markets, so that more users can experience this barrier-free, green and compliant mining solution.

    About Ripplecoin Mining

    Ripplecoin Mining was established in 2017 and is registered in the UK. It is the world’s leading compliant cloud mining platform. The platform supports mainstream currencies such as XRP, BTC, ETH, DOGE, etc., and provides convenient, safe and sustainable mining services to more than 9.5 million users worldwide with green energy infrastructure, AI computing power scheduling and simplified user experience.
    Experience cloud mining now:
    Official website: https://ripplecoinmining.com

    App download address: https://ripplecoinmining.com/xml/index.html#/app

    Media contact: info@ripplecoinmining.com

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI: Topnotch Crypto Launches Innovative Cloud Mining App, Turning Smartphones into Bitcoin Mining Machines

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    London, UK, July 17, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Topnotch Crypto is a leading provider of blockchain and digital asset solutions is excited to announce the launch of their new cloud mining mobile app. The cloud mining mobile app easily makes the average smartphone a bitcoin mining machine, making crypto mining simple and open to the masses.

    Details of the New Cloud Mining App

    The app recently launched by Topnotch Crypto is an exciting development for cryptocurrency mining! Their application utilizes secure cloud (SaaS) infrastructure and takes out the barriers of crypto mining; you no longer have to pay a premium for expensive hardware, juggle the complexities of hardware, and then pay for the electricity! 

    Users leverage Topnotch Crypto’s prolific servers; after downloading the app and quickly registering as a user, they can start mining Bitcoin instantly. You will find the experience very straightforward, and they’ll aid you through it even if you’re new to cryptocurrency.

    Click to download the APP to learn more highlights

    Advantages of Using a Mobile Mining App

    One of the key benefits of Topnotch Crypto’s solution is sheer convenience. Traditional mining configurations require thousands of dollars in hardware and a space with noisy, heat-generating rigs. Topnotch Crypto’s mobile app on the other hand, allows users to mine Bitcoin from almost anywhere — whether enjoying a coffee at a café, lounging while on vacation, or during a brief break at work.

    Because the heavy compute occurs in the cloud, the user’s smartphone remains cool, efficient, fully available for other mobile functions. Moreover, the app utilizes minimal battery so that mining does not interfere with other mobile matters.

    With this kind of accessibility, even total novices can quickly participate in the global Bitcoin network, adding to the ever-growing ledger, simply by tapping buttons on their smartphone.

    Key Features and Benefits

    Get started quickly: After downloading the app, you can complete the registration in just a few seconds, get $15, and start mining immediately without any technical barriers.

    24/7 Cloud Mining: The platform does not stop running, allowing users’ Bitcoin to grow at all times, even while they sleep. 

    Live Reporting & Analytics: The intelligent dashboards demonstrate live mining statistics, current Bitcoin prices, and more detailed earning reports than anyone would need. 

    Advanced Security Model: Each user has their information, wallets, and funds protected with state-of-the-art encryption standards and multiple levels of data protocols. 

    Instant Withdrawals: Users can withdraw mined Bitcoin to their wallets without delay whenever they want. 

    Referrals: The built-in referral system allows users to earn engagement bonuses every time they invite friends to join the platform, with additional bonuses for reaching referral goals.

    Statements from Topnotch Crypto

    A representative from Topnotch Crypto emphasized how the app fits nicely within their larger vision of bringing everyone along the ride of blockchain:

    “We’re incredibly excited to launch this mobile-first solution and make Bitcoin-mining accessible to anyone with a phone and an internet connection. This is a huge step forward to true decentralization and mass adoption of cryptocurrency.”

    The company believes this innovation will catalyze a flood of new players into the crypto ecosystem, building even more awareness and confidence in Bitcoin as a long-term store of value.

    Driving a New Era of Bitcoin Adoption

    Topnotch Crypto’s cloud mining app is intending to eliminate the costly and technical barriers to entry that have traditionally prevented more individuals worldwide from mining Bitcoin. More users in the ecosystem ultimately makes the network stronger and speeds up the global transition to decentralized finance. 

    For existing crypto fans, the app will allow them to diversify their portfolio in an efficient manner and let them grow their Bitcoin assets passively. For new entrants, it’s a great way for them to explore the crypto world without incurring large investment upfront. 

    How to Get Started with Topnotch Crypto

    It’s simple to get up and running. The Topnotch Crypto app is now available on both Android and iOS. Users can begin mining Bitcoin within minutes after installation and sign up, monitor their daily status, and take out their earnings whenever they wish. 

    User will also receive educational tips, market news, and customer support so all users may have a positive experience no matter their crypto experience level.

    About Topnotch Crypto

    Topnotch Crypto is a cutting edge blockchain company that is working to make cryptocurrency accessible, safe, and rewarding. Using advanced platforms and solutions that focus on the user, Topnotch Crypto is enabling individuals around the world to participate in the future of digital finance. 

    For press inquiries, partnership opportunities, or more information, please contact:

    Topnotch Crypto Media Relations
    info@topnotchcrypto.com
    https://www.topnotchcrypto.com/

    Experience the freedom to mine Bitcoin anytime, anywhere. Download the Topnotch Crypto app today and turn your smartphone into a powerful Bitcoin mining machine.

    Disclaimer: The information provided in this press release does not constitute an investment solicitation, nor does it constitute investment advice, financial advice, or a trading recommendation. Cryptocurrency mining and staking involve risks and may result in the loss of funds. It is strongly recommended that you perform due diligence before investing or trading in cryptocurrencies and securities, including consulting a professional financial advisor.

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI: Topnotch Crypto Launches Innovative Cloud Mining App, Turning Smartphones into Bitcoin Mining Machines

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    London, UK, July 17, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Topnotch Crypto is a leading provider of blockchain and digital asset solutions is excited to announce the launch of their new cloud mining mobile app. The cloud mining mobile app easily makes the average smartphone a bitcoin mining machine, making crypto mining simple and open to the masses.

    Details of the New Cloud Mining App

    The app recently launched by Topnotch Crypto is an exciting development for cryptocurrency mining! Their application utilizes secure cloud (SaaS) infrastructure and takes out the barriers of crypto mining; you no longer have to pay a premium for expensive hardware, juggle the complexities of hardware, and then pay for the electricity! 

    Users leverage Topnotch Crypto’s prolific servers; after downloading the app and quickly registering as a user, they can start mining Bitcoin instantly. You will find the experience very straightforward, and they’ll aid you through it even if you’re new to cryptocurrency.

    Click to download the APP to learn more highlights

    Advantages of Using a Mobile Mining App

    One of the key benefits of Topnotch Crypto’s solution is sheer convenience. Traditional mining configurations require thousands of dollars in hardware and a space with noisy, heat-generating rigs. Topnotch Crypto’s mobile app on the other hand, allows users to mine Bitcoin from almost anywhere — whether enjoying a coffee at a café, lounging while on vacation, or during a brief break at work.

    Because the heavy compute occurs in the cloud, the user’s smartphone remains cool, efficient, fully available for other mobile functions. Moreover, the app utilizes minimal battery so that mining does not interfere with other mobile matters.

    With this kind of accessibility, even total novices can quickly participate in the global Bitcoin network, adding to the ever-growing ledger, simply by tapping buttons on their smartphone.

    Key Features and Benefits

    Get started quickly: After downloading the app, you can complete the registration in just a few seconds, get $15, and start mining immediately without any technical barriers.

    24/7 Cloud Mining: The platform does not stop running, allowing users’ Bitcoin to grow at all times, even while they sleep. 

    Live Reporting & Analytics: The intelligent dashboards demonstrate live mining statistics, current Bitcoin prices, and more detailed earning reports than anyone would need. 

    Advanced Security Model: Each user has their information, wallets, and funds protected with state-of-the-art encryption standards and multiple levels of data protocols. 

    Instant Withdrawals: Users can withdraw mined Bitcoin to their wallets without delay whenever they want. 

    Referrals: The built-in referral system allows users to earn engagement bonuses every time they invite friends to join the platform, with additional bonuses for reaching referral goals.

    Statements from Topnotch Crypto

    A representative from Topnotch Crypto emphasized how the app fits nicely within their larger vision of bringing everyone along the ride of blockchain:

    “We’re incredibly excited to launch this mobile-first solution and make Bitcoin-mining accessible to anyone with a phone and an internet connection. This is a huge step forward to true decentralization and mass adoption of cryptocurrency.”

    The company believes this innovation will catalyze a flood of new players into the crypto ecosystem, building even more awareness and confidence in Bitcoin as a long-term store of value.

    Driving a New Era of Bitcoin Adoption

    Topnotch Crypto’s cloud mining app is intending to eliminate the costly and technical barriers to entry that have traditionally prevented more individuals worldwide from mining Bitcoin. More users in the ecosystem ultimately makes the network stronger and speeds up the global transition to decentralized finance. 

    For existing crypto fans, the app will allow them to diversify their portfolio in an efficient manner and let them grow their Bitcoin assets passively. For new entrants, it’s a great way for them to explore the crypto world without incurring large investment upfront. 

    How to Get Started with Topnotch Crypto

    It’s simple to get up and running. The Topnotch Crypto app is now available on both Android and iOS. Users can begin mining Bitcoin within minutes after installation and sign up, monitor their daily status, and take out their earnings whenever they wish. 

    User will also receive educational tips, market news, and customer support so all users may have a positive experience no matter their crypto experience level.

    About Topnotch Crypto

    Topnotch Crypto is a cutting edge blockchain company that is working to make cryptocurrency accessible, safe, and rewarding. Using advanced platforms and solutions that focus on the user, Topnotch Crypto is enabling individuals around the world to participate in the future of digital finance. 

    For press inquiries, partnership opportunities, or more information, please contact:

    Topnotch Crypto Media Relations
    info@topnotchcrypto.com
    https://www.topnotchcrypto.com/

    Experience the freedom to mine Bitcoin anytime, anywhere. Download the Topnotch Crypto app today and turn your smartphone into a powerful Bitcoin mining machine.

    Disclaimer: The information provided in this press release does not constitute an investment solicitation, nor does it constitute investment advice, financial advice, or a trading recommendation. Cryptocurrency mining and staking involve risks and may result in the loss of funds. It is strongly recommended that you perform due diligence before investing or trading in cryptocurrencies and securities, including consulting a professional financial advisor.

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI: Lightchain AI Confirms July 2025 Mainnet Launch, Introducing Decentralized AI Infrastructure

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    SHREWSBURY, United Kingdom, July 16, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Lightchain AI a decentralized infrastructure protocol focused on artificial intelligence, has confirmed the launch of its mainnet in July 2025. This milestone marks a significant step forward in integrating AI execution into blockchain environments through real-time task processing, developer tools, and incentive-driven consensus.

    Designed with scalability, transparency, and performance at its core, Lightchain AI’s architecture introduces a new layer of utility to blockchain networks. The protocol features the Artificial Intelligence Virtual Machine (AIVM), which enables distributed training and inference of AI models across validator nodes using zero-knowledge proofs and federated learning mechanisms.

    At the heart of the network lies a novel Proof of Intelligence (PoI) consensus, rewarding nodes for completing useful AI tasks such as model optimization and data analysis. This approach transforms compute power into verifiable contributions that can support diverse use cases across healthcare, finance, logistics, and more.

    “Launching our mainnet in July is a major step toward making AI-based computation more open, distributed, and accessible,” said a Lightchain AI spokesperson. “We are building a transparent ecosystem where developers and node operators can work together to create meaningful real-world AI solutions.”

    Key features of the Lightchain AI network include:

    • Artificial Intelligence Virtual Machine (AIVM): Secure, privacy-preserving AI task execution
    • Gas Optimization: Fee adjustment based on task complexity and network load
    • Decentralized Storage: Enables verifiable data integrity and transparency
    • Developer Ecosystem: Public GitHub repositories, API libraries, and onboarding documentation
    • $150,000 Grant Pool: Available for developers building tooling, explorers, or dApps
    • Validator Onboarding: Node registration and task allocation tools now live

    The upcoming launch builds on Lightchain AI’s successful $21.1 million presale across 15 funding rounds, reflecting early community engagement and confidence in the platform’s mission. The Bonus Round remains active at a fixed price of $0.007 per token as Lightchain finalizes preparations for mainnet rollout.

    Developers, validators, and ecosystem partners are invited to join the growing network and participate in shaping the future of decentralized artificial intelligence.

    For more information and ongoing updates, visit:
    https://lightchain.ai
    Whitepaper
    Twitter/X
    Telegram

    Contact:
    SHAJAN SKARIA
    media@lightchain.ai

    Disclaimer: This content is provided by Lightchain AI. The statements, views, and opinions expressed in this content are solely those of the content provider and do not necessarily reflect the views of this media platform or its publisher. We do not endorse, verify, or guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of any information presented. We do not guarantee any claims, statements, or promises made in this article. This content is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial, investment, or trading advice.Investing in crypto and mining-related opportunities involves significant risks, including the potential loss of capital. It is possible to lose all your capital. These products may not be suitable for everyone, and you should ensure that you understand the risks involved. Seek independent advice if necessary. Speculate only with funds that you can afford to lose. Readers are strongly encouraged to conduct their own research and consult with a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions. However, due to the inherently speculative nature of the blockchain sector—including cryptocurrency, NFTs, and mining—complete accuracy cannot always be guaranteed.Neither the media platform nor the publisher shall be held responsible for any fraudulent activities, misrepresentations, or financial losses arising from the content of this press release. In the event of any legal claims or charges against this article, we accept no liability or responsibility.Globenewswire does not endorse any content on this page.

    Legal Disclaimer: This media platform provides the content of this article on an “as-is” basis, without any warranties or representations of any kind, express or implied. We assume no responsibility for any inaccuracies, errors, or omissions. We do not assume any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information presented herein. Any concerns, complaints, or copyright issues related to this article should be directed to the content provider mentioned above.

    A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/80d4d6ec-5a84-44f2-a9b1-b48b8264241a

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI: Lightchain AI Confirms July 2025 Mainnet Launch, Introducing Decentralized AI Infrastructure

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    SHREWSBURY, United Kingdom, July 16, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Lightchain AI a decentralized infrastructure protocol focused on artificial intelligence, has confirmed the launch of its mainnet in July 2025. This milestone marks a significant step forward in integrating AI execution into blockchain environments through real-time task processing, developer tools, and incentive-driven consensus.

    Designed with scalability, transparency, and performance at its core, Lightchain AI’s architecture introduces a new layer of utility to blockchain networks. The protocol features the Artificial Intelligence Virtual Machine (AIVM), which enables distributed training and inference of AI models across validator nodes using zero-knowledge proofs and federated learning mechanisms.

    At the heart of the network lies a novel Proof of Intelligence (PoI) consensus, rewarding nodes for completing useful AI tasks such as model optimization and data analysis. This approach transforms compute power into verifiable contributions that can support diverse use cases across healthcare, finance, logistics, and more.

    “Launching our mainnet in July is a major step toward making AI-based computation more open, distributed, and accessible,” said a Lightchain AI spokesperson. “We are building a transparent ecosystem where developers and node operators can work together to create meaningful real-world AI solutions.”

    Key features of the Lightchain AI network include:

    • Artificial Intelligence Virtual Machine (AIVM): Secure, privacy-preserving AI task execution
    • Gas Optimization: Fee adjustment based on task complexity and network load
    • Decentralized Storage: Enables verifiable data integrity and transparency
    • Developer Ecosystem: Public GitHub repositories, API libraries, and onboarding documentation
    • $150,000 Grant Pool: Available for developers building tooling, explorers, or dApps
    • Validator Onboarding: Node registration and task allocation tools now live

    The upcoming launch builds on Lightchain AI’s successful $21.1 million presale across 15 funding rounds, reflecting early community engagement and confidence in the platform’s mission. The Bonus Round remains active at a fixed price of $0.007 per token as Lightchain finalizes preparations for mainnet rollout.

    Developers, validators, and ecosystem partners are invited to join the growing network and participate in shaping the future of decentralized artificial intelligence.

    For more information and ongoing updates, visit:
    https://lightchain.ai
    Whitepaper
    Twitter/X
    Telegram

    Contact:
    SHAJAN SKARIA
    media@lightchain.ai

    Disclaimer: This content is provided by Lightchain AI. The statements, views, and opinions expressed in this content are solely those of the content provider and do not necessarily reflect the views of this media platform or its publisher. We do not endorse, verify, or guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of any information presented. We do not guarantee any claims, statements, or promises made in this article. This content is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial, investment, or trading advice.Investing in crypto and mining-related opportunities involves significant risks, including the potential loss of capital. It is possible to lose all your capital. These products may not be suitable for everyone, and you should ensure that you understand the risks involved. Seek independent advice if necessary. Speculate only with funds that you can afford to lose. Readers are strongly encouraged to conduct their own research and consult with a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions. However, due to the inherently speculative nature of the blockchain sector—including cryptocurrency, NFTs, and mining—complete accuracy cannot always be guaranteed.Neither the media platform nor the publisher shall be held responsible for any fraudulent activities, misrepresentations, or financial losses arising from the content of this press release. In the event of any legal claims or charges against this article, we accept no liability or responsibility.Globenewswire does not endorse any content on this page.

    Legal Disclaimer: This media platform provides the content of this article on an “as-is” basis, without any warranties or representations of any kind, express or implied. We assume no responsibility for any inaccuracies, errors, or omissions. We do not assume any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information presented herein. Any concerns, complaints, or copyright issues related to this article should be directed to the content provider mentioned above.

    A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/80d4d6ec-5a84-44f2-a9b1-b48b8264241a

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI Submissions: Moldova – Moldova Launches Agrotek Arena: A New Incubator for Digital Agriculture, Robotics, and FoodTech

    Source: Innovate Moldova Programme

    Chișinău, Moldova – Moldova is taking a decisive step toward the future of agriculture with the launch of a new incubator and pre-accelerator at Agrotek Arena Incubator, an innovation space dedicated to digital agriculture, robotics, and food technology. The initiative is part of the Innovate Moldova Programme, funded by Sweden, and aims to modernize the country’s agri-food sector through innovation, research, and international collaboration.

    On July 9, 2025, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the Moldova’s Ministry of Digitalization and Economic Development (MDED), the Technical University of Moldova (UTM), the Innovate Moldova Programme, and the Ukraine-Moldova American Enterprise Fund (UMAEF), marking the start of this strategic partnership.

    The incubator will span 1,300 square meters across two refurbished floors of Agrotek Arena and will host up to 30 residents – startups, student entrepreneurs, researchers, and agri-food businesses. It is projected to benefit over 3,000 students, farmers, and food processors annually by providing access to cutting-edge technologies, prototyping labs, greenhouses, and innovation support programs.

    “Agriculture remains a backbone of Moldova’s economy. Yet, without modern tools and forward-thinking infrastructure, its full potential cannot be realized, Agrotek Arena will serve as a launchpad for innovation, helping us bridge the gap between academia, industry, and global partners.”

    stated Doina Nistor, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Digitalization and Economic Development.

    The incubator is set to open its doors to residents by September 1st, with a structured acceleration program launching in October 2025. Activities will focus on developing viable agri-tech solutions in areas such as precision agriculture, smart irrigation, and sustainable food processing.

    Shared Investment and Global Collaboration

    The $1 million project is built on a shared funding model. Innovate Moldova Programme and UMAEF are supporting the refurbishment of common areas, while UTM is offering rent-free space and managing energy efficiency upgrades. Residents will contribute by equipping their dedicated offices with air conditioning, furnishings, and technical installations.

    Agrotek Arena will also establish strong linkages with European and North American technology providers. Strategic collaborations include:

    Davis Weather Stations for climate-smart farming,
    Biosfera’s GPS AgTech Solutions for resource-optimized agriculture,
    SAS Cropio ERP Systems for real-time farm data analytics.

    These partnerships not only bolster Moldova’s agricultural transformation but also create long-term business opportunities for EU, EFTA and North Atlantic region.

    A Foundation for Moldova’s AgriTech Future

    Located on UTM’s 5-hectare Mircești campus in capital Chișinău and linked to 570 hectares in Criuleni region, Agrotek Arena is the first major milestone in the broader Agrotek Park vision. Future plans include the development of high-tech farming sites, applied R&D centers, and repurposed Soviet-era infrastructure into labs and innovation hubs.

    “This is more than a building—it’s the beginning of Moldova’s transformation into a regional hub for sustainable agri-tech. By fostering ties between startups, universities, and international partners, we are laying the groundwork for high-value job creation and export-ready technologies.”

    said Sergiu Rabii, Programme Director at the Innovate Moldova Programme

    Agrotek Arena will also support Moldova’s alignment with EU standards by integrating sustainable design, ESG practices, and inclusive economic development into its operational model.

    MIL OSI – Submitted News

  • MIL-OSI USA: SPC Severe Thunderstorm Watch 520

    Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

    Note:  The expiration time in the watch graphic is amended if the watch is replaced, cancelled or extended.Note: Click for Watch Status Reports.
    SEL0

    URGENT – IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
    Severe Thunderstorm Watch Number 520
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    550 PM EDT Wed Jul 16 2025

    The NWS Storm Prediction Center has issued a

    * Severe Thunderstorm Watch for portions of
    Northern Indiana
    Southwest Lower Michigan
    Lake Michigan

    * Effective this Wednesday afternoon from 550 PM until Midnight
    EDT.

    * Primary threats include…
    Scattered damaging wind gusts to 65 mph possible

    SUMMARY…Thunderstorms currently affecting northeast Illinois will
    track eastward across the watch area through the early evening.
    Locally damaging wind gusts are the primary concern.

    The severe thunderstorm watch area is approximately along and 40
    statute miles east and west of a line from 60 miles south of South
    Bend IN to 35 miles north northwest of Kalamazoo MI. For a complete
    depiction of the watch see the associated watch outline update
    (WOUS64 KWNS WOU0).

    PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS…

    REMEMBER…A Severe Thunderstorm Watch means conditions are
    favorable for severe thunderstorms in and close to the watch area.
    Persons in these areas should be on the lookout for threatening
    weather conditions and listen for later statements and possible
    warnings. Severe thunderstorms can and occasionally do produce
    tornadoes.

    &&

    OTHER WATCH INFORMATION…CONTINUE…WW 517…WW 518…WW 519…

    AVIATION…A few severe thunderstorms with hail surface and aloft to
    1 inch. Extreme turbulence and surface wind gusts to 55 knots. A few
    cumulonimbi with maximum tops to 500. Mean storm motion vector
    25025.

    …Hart

    Note: The Aviation Watch (SAW) product is an approximation to the watch area. The actual watch is depicted by the shaded areas.
    SAW0
    WW 520 SEVERE TSTM IN MI LM 162150Z – 170400Z
    AXIS..40 STATUTE MILES EAST AND WEST OF LINE..
    60S SBN/SOUTH BEND IN/ – 35NNW AZO/KALAMAZOO MI/
    ..AVIATION COORDS.. 35NM E/W /38ENE BVT – 15WSW GRR/
    HAIL SURFACE AND ALOFT..1 INCH. WIND GUSTS..55 KNOTS.
    MAX TOPS TO 500. MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 25025.

    LAT…LON 40838709 42698660 42698503 40838555

    THIS IS AN APPROXIMATION TO THE WATCH AREA. FOR A
    COMPLETE DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE WOUS64 KWNS
    FOR WOU0.

    Watch 520 Status Report Message has not been issued yet.

    Note:  Click for Complete Product Text.Tornadoes

    Probability of 2 or more tornadoes

    Low (

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI Australia: Mawson emperor penguin census

    Source: Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission

    A lucky handful of Mawson expeditioners visited the Taylor Glacier emperor penguin colony in July, to collect photos for the annual population census.
    No more than 12 people get to visit the colony each year, due to its ‘Antarctic Specially Protected Area’ (ASPA) status.
    Population counts have been ongoing since 1957, and averaged about 2500 birds between 2002 and 2023.
    This season, Mawson station’s Senior Field Training Officer, Lee Warner, and five other expeditioners, made the 90 km journey across the sea ice, to Colbeck Hut.

    Mr Warner said the party had to stop regularly to measure sea-ice thickness, which must be at least 60 cm thick for safe passage by Hägglunds.
    “Every change in appearance of the ice is generally a reason to test and assess the sea ice,” Mr Warner said.
    “Sea-ice conditions and ice thickness are influenced by glaciers, islands, snow depth, rafted ice and hidden anomalies like kelp beds, tide cracks and open water leads.  
    “We measure ice quality and thickness every hundred metres, or every few kilometres, depending on whether there are anomalies or not.”
    Once at the hut a team of four made the three kilometre trip to a vantage point above the colony where a number of automated cameras have been installed.
    The cameras take photos of the colony every day throughout the year to show when the penguins arrive and leave.
    “Pathfinding through waist deep powder snow to find the cameras to download the imagery captured over the last six to eight months is very satisfying. It’s a great team effort,” Mr Warner said.
    The team also took the all-important census photos – a series of 30 photos looking down and across the colony, which are stitched together into a panorama (see banner above). Scientists can then count the number of penguins.
    Senior Comms Tech Officer, Danny Novkovski, said the census photos and automated camera images were processed back at Mawson station and uploaded to the Head Office server for seabird expert, Dr Barbara Wienecke, to access them and conduct the census work.
    Dr Wienecke said Taylor Glacier is one of only two known sites where emperor penguins breed entirely on land, rather than land-fast sea ice (sea ice attached to land).
    The long-term monitoring project aims to assess the response of the penguins to environmental change and human activities, and ensure ASPA management plans continue to safeguard the animals.
    This content was last updated 3 minutes ago on 17 July 2025.

    MIL OSI News

  • MIL-OSI: BAY Miner Launches Zero-Fee Bitcoin Cloud Mining for All Users—Empowering Global Access to Passive Crypto Income

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    Boston, Massachusetts, July 16, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — As Bitcoin maintains momentum above $118,000 and decentralized finance sees increasing institutional support, BAY Miner is once again transforming the landscape of crypto participation. Today, the company officially launched its Zero-Fee Mining Program, a game-changing initiative allowing users worldwide to mine Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies without incurring any service fees—ensuring users retain 100% of their crypto earnings.

    This move further solidifies BAY Miner’s position as a global leader in accessible and sustainable cloud mining. Built on AI-powered optimization and green energy infrastructure, BAY Miner enables users to mine cryptocurrency directly from their smartphones, with no hardware, no maintenance, and now—no fees.

    BAY Miner Redefines the Crypto Mining Model with Fee-Free, Mobile-First Cloud Mining

    Zero Commission on Mining Rewards
    With the Zero-Fee Mining Program, BAY Miner removes all platform charges on mining earnings. Users receive the full value of their mined assets without deductions.

    AI-Optimized Hash Rate Allocation
    Smart algorithms manage and distribute computing power in real-time, optimizing mining efficiency for BTC, ETH, and XRP across dynamic market conditions.

    Fully Mobile, Hardware-Free Mining
    No mining rigs, servers, or cooling systems are needed. Users simply manage their accounts and track earnings from the BAY Miner mobile app.

    Eco-Conscious Infrastructure
    BAY Miner’s operations are backed by renewable energy sources, contributing to a cleaner crypto mining ecosystem.

    Daily Payouts with Real-Time Visibility
    Mining earnings are settled automatically every 24 hours. Users can view live income data through the platform’s real-time dashboard.

    Accessible to All Experience Levels
    The system is designed for both first-time users and seasoned crypto miners. No technical background is required.

    How to Start Zero-Fee Bitcoin Mining with BAY Miner

    Download the BAY Miner App
    Visit https://www.bayminer.com or download the app from the official platform.

    Register Using Your Email
    No identity verification or KYC documents required—just a simple email-based registration process.

    Activate Your Free Cloud Mining Contract
    Every new user receives a free starter contract upon signup, allowing instant mining with no upfront cost.

    Mine Bitcoin, Ethereum, or XRP—No Equipment Needed
    Your smartphone becomes your gateway to passive crypto earnings—no hardware or configuration required.

    Track and Receive Earnings Automatically
    Mining payouts are processed daily. Earnings are visible in real-time via the income dashboard.

    Withdraw or Reinvest When Ready
    Once your balance reaches $100, you can withdraw to your preferred crypto wallet or reinvest in mining upgrades.

    USD-Pegged Contracts Provide Price Stability

    To protect users from crypto price volatility, BAY Miner pegs all cloud mining contracts to the U.S. dollar. Users can fund accounts with major cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), XRP, Tether (USDT – ERC20 & TRC20), Dogecoin (DOGE), Litecoin (LTC), Bitcoin Cash (BCH), and Solana (SOL).

    All crypto deposits are automatically converted to USD at the current exchange rate and locked in to preserve the mining contract’s value. Upon withdrawal, users can convert back to their preferred cryptocurrency.

    BAY Miner’s Continued Rise as a Global Cloud Mining Leader

    Amid rising economic uncertainty and a growing demand for digital income, BAY Miner provides a safe, scalable, and sustainable avenue for passive earnings.

    10+ Million Users Worldwide
    Adopted across more than 180 countries and territories

    Green Energy Infrastructure
    Aligned with ESG goals and carbon-conscious mining standards

    Daily, Automated Payouts
    BTC, ETH, or XRP deposited directly every 24 hours

    No Hardware Required—Fully Mobile Mining
    Accessible from any smartphone with no technical setup

    Free Entry and Flexible Upgrades
    Free initial contracts and optional tiered upgrades to grow returns

    Secure and Transparent Operations
    Live dashboards and institutional-grade backend infrastructure

    With its no-fee model, renewable mining backbone, and mobile-first accessibility, BAY Miner continues to break down barriers to crypto participation. The company is well-positioned to lead the next wave of digital asset mining in 2025 and beyond.

    Start Earning with Fee-Free Cloud Mining

    Users from all backgrounds can now start earning crypto daily without fees or hardware. Setup takes just minutes.

    Website: https://www.bayminer.com/
    Email: info@bayminer.com
    Download App: https://bayminer.com/xml/index.html#/app

    Disclaimer: The information provided in this press release does not constitute an investment solicitation, nor does it constitute investment advice, financial advice, or trading recommendations. Cryptocurrency mining and staking involve risks and the possibility of losing funds. It is strongly recommended that you perform due diligence before investing or trading in cryptocurrencies and securities, including consulting a professional financial advisor.

    Attachment

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI: BAY Miner Launches Zero-Fee Bitcoin Cloud Mining for All Users—Empowering Global Access to Passive Crypto Income

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    Boston, Massachusetts, July 16, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — As Bitcoin maintains momentum above $118,000 and decentralized finance sees increasing institutional support, BAY Miner is once again transforming the landscape of crypto participation. Today, the company officially launched its Zero-Fee Mining Program, a game-changing initiative allowing users worldwide to mine Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies without incurring any service fees—ensuring users retain 100% of their crypto earnings.

    This move further solidifies BAY Miner’s position as a global leader in accessible and sustainable cloud mining. Built on AI-powered optimization and green energy infrastructure, BAY Miner enables users to mine cryptocurrency directly from their smartphones, with no hardware, no maintenance, and now—no fees.

    BAY Miner Redefines the Crypto Mining Model with Fee-Free, Mobile-First Cloud Mining

    Zero Commission on Mining Rewards
    With the Zero-Fee Mining Program, BAY Miner removes all platform charges on mining earnings. Users receive the full value of their mined assets without deductions.

    AI-Optimized Hash Rate Allocation
    Smart algorithms manage and distribute computing power in real-time, optimizing mining efficiency for BTC, ETH, and XRP across dynamic market conditions.

    Fully Mobile, Hardware-Free Mining
    No mining rigs, servers, or cooling systems are needed. Users simply manage their accounts and track earnings from the BAY Miner mobile app.

    Eco-Conscious Infrastructure
    BAY Miner’s operations are backed by renewable energy sources, contributing to a cleaner crypto mining ecosystem.

    Daily Payouts with Real-Time Visibility
    Mining earnings are settled automatically every 24 hours. Users can view live income data through the platform’s real-time dashboard.

    Accessible to All Experience Levels
    The system is designed for both first-time users and seasoned crypto miners. No technical background is required.

    How to Start Zero-Fee Bitcoin Mining with BAY Miner

    Download the BAY Miner App
    Visit https://www.bayminer.com or download the app from the official platform.

    Register Using Your Email
    No identity verification or KYC documents required—just a simple email-based registration process.

    Activate Your Free Cloud Mining Contract
    Every new user receives a free starter contract upon signup, allowing instant mining with no upfront cost.

    Mine Bitcoin, Ethereum, or XRP—No Equipment Needed
    Your smartphone becomes your gateway to passive crypto earnings—no hardware or configuration required.

    Track and Receive Earnings Automatically
    Mining payouts are processed daily. Earnings are visible in real-time via the income dashboard.

    Withdraw or Reinvest When Ready
    Once your balance reaches $100, you can withdraw to your preferred crypto wallet or reinvest in mining upgrades.

    USD-Pegged Contracts Provide Price Stability

    To protect users from crypto price volatility, BAY Miner pegs all cloud mining contracts to the U.S. dollar. Users can fund accounts with major cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), XRP, Tether (USDT – ERC20 & TRC20), Dogecoin (DOGE), Litecoin (LTC), Bitcoin Cash (BCH), and Solana (SOL).

    All crypto deposits are automatically converted to USD at the current exchange rate and locked in to preserve the mining contract’s value. Upon withdrawal, users can convert back to their preferred cryptocurrency.

    BAY Miner’s Continued Rise as a Global Cloud Mining Leader

    Amid rising economic uncertainty and a growing demand for digital income, BAY Miner provides a safe, scalable, and sustainable avenue for passive earnings.

    10+ Million Users Worldwide
    Adopted across more than 180 countries and territories

    Green Energy Infrastructure
    Aligned with ESG goals and carbon-conscious mining standards

    Daily, Automated Payouts
    BTC, ETH, or XRP deposited directly every 24 hours

    No Hardware Required—Fully Mobile Mining
    Accessible from any smartphone with no technical setup

    Free Entry and Flexible Upgrades
    Free initial contracts and optional tiered upgrades to grow returns

    Secure and Transparent Operations
    Live dashboards and institutional-grade backend infrastructure

    With its no-fee model, renewable mining backbone, and mobile-first accessibility, BAY Miner continues to break down barriers to crypto participation. The company is well-positioned to lead the next wave of digital asset mining in 2025 and beyond.

    Start Earning with Fee-Free Cloud Mining

    Users from all backgrounds can now start earning crypto daily without fees or hardware. Setup takes just minutes.

    Website: https://www.bayminer.com/
    Email: info@bayminer.com
    Download App: https://bayminer.com/xml/index.html#/app

    Disclaimer: The information provided in this press release does not constitute an investment solicitation, nor does it constitute investment advice, financial advice, or trading recommendations. Cryptocurrency mining and staking involve risks and the possibility of losing funds. It is strongly recommended that you perform due diligence before investing or trading in cryptocurrencies and securities, including consulting a professional financial advisor.

    Attachment

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI: Pyrophyte Acquisition Corp. II Announces Pricing of $175 Million Initial Public Offering

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    HOUSTON, TX, July 16, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Pyrophyte Acquisition Corp. II (the “Company”) today announced the pricing of its initial public offering of 17,500,000 units at a price of $10.00 per unit. The units will be listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) and are expected to trade under the ticker symbol “PAII.U” beginning on July 17, 2025. Each unit consists of one Class A ordinary share and one-half of one redeemable warrant, with each whole warrant exercisable to purchase one Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to certain adjustments. Only whole warrants will be exercisable. Once the securities comprising the units begin separate trading, the Class A ordinary shares and the warrants are expected to be listed on the NYSE under the symbols “PAII” and “PAII WS,” respectively. Only whole warrants will trade. The offering is expected to close on July 18, 2025.

    Pyrophyte Acquisition Corp. II is a blank check company formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, amalgamation, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. While the Company may pursue an initial business combination in any industry, sector or geographic region, it expects to target opportunities and companies in the energy sector.

    UBS Investment Bank is acting as the lead book-running manager for the offering and Brookline Capital Markets, a division of Arcadia Securities, LLC is acting as co-manager for the offering. The Company has granted the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to an additional 2,625,000 units at the initial public offering price to cover over-allotments, if any.

    A registration statement relating to these securities was declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on July 16, 2025. This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction.

    The offering is being made only by means of a prospectus. Copies of the prospectus may be obtained, when available, from UBS Securities LLC, 1285 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10019, Attention: Prospectus Department, or by email at: prospectusrequest@ubs.com.

    FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

    This press release contains statements that constitute “forward-looking statements,” including with respect to the proposed initial public offering and the anticipated use of the net proceeds from the offering. No assurance can be given that the offering discussed above will be completed on the terms described, or at all, that the net proceeds of the offering will be used as indicated, or that the Company will ultimately complete a business combination transaction. Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous conditions, many of which are beyond the control of the Company, including those set forth in the Risk Factors section of the Company’s registration statement for the offering, available on the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov, and the Company’s preliminary prospectus. The Company undertakes no obligation to update these statements for revisions or changes after the issuance of this release, except as required by law.

    CONTACT

    Sten Gustafson
    President and Chief Financial Officer
    Pyrophyte Acquisition Corp. II
    sten.gustafson@pyrophytespac.com

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI: Pyrophyte Acquisition Corp. II Announces Pricing of $175 Million Initial Public Offering

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    HOUSTON, TX, July 16, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Pyrophyte Acquisition Corp. II (the “Company”) today announced the pricing of its initial public offering of 17,500,000 units at a price of $10.00 per unit. The units will be listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) and are expected to trade under the ticker symbol “PAII.U” beginning on July 17, 2025. Each unit consists of one Class A ordinary share and one-half of one redeemable warrant, with each whole warrant exercisable to purchase one Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to certain adjustments. Only whole warrants will be exercisable. Once the securities comprising the units begin separate trading, the Class A ordinary shares and the warrants are expected to be listed on the NYSE under the symbols “PAII” and “PAII WS,” respectively. Only whole warrants will trade. The offering is expected to close on July 18, 2025.

    Pyrophyte Acquisition Corp. II is a blank check company formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, amalgamation, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. While the Company may pursue an initial business combination in any industry, sector or geographic region, it expects to target opportunities and companies in the energy sector.

    UBS Investment Bank is acting as the lead book-running manager for the offering and Brookline Capital Markets, a division of Arcadia Securities, LLC is acting as co-manager for the offering. The Company has granted the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to an additional 2,625,000 units at the initial public offering price to cover over-allotments, if any.

    A registration statement relating to these securities was declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on July 16, 2025. This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction.

    The offering is being made only by means of a prospectus. Copies of the prospectus may be obtained, when available, from UBS Securities LLC, 1285 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10019, Attention: Prospectus Department, or by email at: prospectusrequest@ubs.com.

    FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

    This press release contains statements that constitute “forward-looking statements,” including with respect to the proposed initial public offering and the anticipated use of the net proceeds from the offering. No assurance can be given that the offering discussed above will be completed on the terms described, or at all, that the net proceeds of the offering will be used as indicated, or that the Company will ultimately complete a business combination transaction. Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous conditions, many of which are beyond the control of the Company, including those set forth in the Risk Factors section of the Company’s registration statement for the offering, available on the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov, and the Company’s preliminary prospectus. The Company undertakes no obligation to update these statements for revisions or changes after the issuance of this release, except as required by law.

    CONTACT

    Sten Gustafson
    President and Chief Financial Officer
    Pyrophyte Acquisition Corp. II
    sten.gustafson@pyrophytespac.com

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI Security: South Carolina Woman Sentenced for Sending Threats to Kill a Catskill Man

    Source: US FBI

    ALBANY, NEW YORK – Kristin Keeble, age 54, of Pageland, South Carolina, was sentenced yesterday to 5 months in jail, to be followed by 3 years of supervised release with 6 months of home detention, for transmitting a threat to injure another in interstate commerce.

    Acting United States Attorney John A. Sarcone III and Craig L. Tremaroli, Special Agent in Charge of the Albany Field Office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), made the announcement.

    As part of her guilty plea, Keeble admitted that on October 26, 2023, she sent four threatening, profanity-laced and racially derogatory audio messages through Facebook Messenger to a man in Catskill, New York. Keeble threatened to kill the victim by hanging him, along with a woman the victim knew, and the woman’s children, from a tree. Keeble purported to be acting with members of the Ku Klux Klan. Keeble knew, from the victim’s Facebook profile photo, that the victim was Black.

    U.S. Attorney John A. Sarcone III stated: “No one should ever receive despicable, hateful threats like this. Those who threaten people over the Internet are going to be prosecuted and held accountable to the fullest extent of the law.”

    FBI Special Agent in Charge Craig L. Tremaroli stated: “No individual should live in fear because of someone’s intolerance and hatred. Threats of violence, especially borne from hate, will never be tolerated and the FBI remains committed to working with our law enforcement partners hold the perpetrators accountable for their disturbing actions and bring justice to the victims.”

    The FBI’s Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) investigated the case. Assistant U.S. Attorney Alexander Wentworth-Ping prosecuted the case.

    MIL Security OSI

  • MIL-OSI Security: Hamburg Man Charged with Threatening a Member of Congress

    Source: US FBI

    BUFFALO, N.Y. –U.S. Attorney Michael DiGiacomo announced today that Gerald T. Przybylski, 78, of Hamburg, NY, was arrested and charged by criminal complaint with transmitting in interstate and foreign commerce, specifically using the internet, communications that contained threats to injure a member of Congress, which carries a maximum penalty of five years in prison and a $250,000 fine.

    Assistant U.S. Attorney Charles M. Kruly, who is handling the case, stated that according to the complaint, on June 13, 2025, Przybylski sent a threatening email to the office email account of a member of the United States House of Representatives (Victim). Among other things, the email stated, “You are obviously unaware of the movement to execute Trump and all his Republican sycophants, not assassination but legal execution under the Constitution of the United States, which you, Donald Trump, and all your Republican colleagues have refused to honor, you have betrayed your oath of office and are a TRAITOR!!!” The email also “You should be afraid for your life!!!” When interviewed by law enforcement, Przybylski stated, “I was probably trying to scare him.”

    Przybylski made an initial appearance before U.S. Magistrate Judge Michael J. Roemer and was released on conditions.

    The complaint is the result of an investigation by the Erie County Sheriff’s Office, under the direction of Sheriff John Garcia, the United States Secret Service, under the direction of Acting Special Agent-in-Charge Charles Perras, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, under the direction of Acting Special Agent-in-Charge Mark Grimm, and the United States Capitol Police, under the direction of Chief Michael Sullivan.

    The fact that a defendant has been charged with a crime is merely an accusation and the defendant is presumed innocent until and unless proven guilty.  

    # # # #

    MIL Security OSI

  • MIL-OSI: Consistency, Strength & Earnings Power Remain the Story at HOMB

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    CONWAY, Ark., July 16, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Home BancShares, Inc. (NYSE: HOMB) (“Home” or the “Company”), parent company of Centennial Bank, released quarterly earnings today.

    Quarterly Highlights
    Metric Q2 2025 Q1 2025 Q4 2024 Q3 2024 Q2 2024
    Net income $118.4 million $115.2 million $100.6 million $100.0 million $101.5 million
    Net income, as adjusted (non-GAAP)(1) $114.6 million $111.9 million $99.8 million $99.0 million $103.9 million
    Total revenue (net) $271.0 million $260.1 million $258.4 million $258.0 million $254.6 million
    Income before income taxes $152.0 million $147.2 million $129.5 million $129.1 million $133.4 million
    Pre-tax, pre-provision, net income (PPNR) (non-GAAP)(1) $155.0 million $147.2 million $146.2 million $148.0 million $141.4 million
    PPNR, as adjusted (non-GAAP)(1) $150.4 million $142.8 million $145.2 million $146.6 million $141.9 million
    Pre-tax net income to total revenue (net) 56.08% 56.58% 50.11% 50.03% 52.40%
    Pre-tax net income, as adjusted, to total revenue (net) (non-GAAP)(1) 54.39% 54.91% 49.74% 49.49% 52.59%
    P5NR (Pre-tax, pre-provision, profit percentage) (PPNR to total revenue (net)) (non-GAAP)(1) 57.19% 56.58% 56.57% 57.35% 55.54%
    P5NR, as adjusted (non-GAAP)(1) 55.49% 54.91% 56.20% 56.81% 55.73%
    ROA 2.08% 2.07% 1.77% 1.74% 1.79%
    ROA, as adjusted (non-GAAP)(1) 2.02% 2.01% 1.76% 1.72% 1.83%
    NIM 4.44% 4.44% 4.39% 4.28% 4.27%
    Purchase accounting accretion $1.2 million $1.4 million $1.6 million $1.9 million $1.9 million
    ROE 11.77% 11.75% 10.13% 10.23% 10.73%
    ROE, as adjusted (non-GAAP)(1) 11.39% 11.41% 10.05% 10.12% 10.98%
    ROTCE (non-GAAP)(1) 18.26% 18.39% 15.94% 16.26% 17.29%
    ROTCE, as adjusted (non-GAAP)(1) 17.68% 17.87% 15.82% 16.09% 17.69%
    Diluted earnings per share $0.60 $0.58 $0.51 $0.50 $0.51
    Diluted earnings per share, as adjusted (non-GAAP)(1) $0.58 $0.56 $0.50 $0.50 $0.52
    Non-performing assets to total assets 0.60% 0.56% 0.63% 0.63% 0.56%
    Common equity tier 1 capital 15.6% 15.4% 15.1% 14.7% 14.4%
    Leverage 13.4% 13.3% 13.0% 12.5% 12.3%
    Tier 1 capital 15.6% 15.4% 15.1% 14.7% 14.4%
    Total risk-based capital 19.3% 19.1% 18.7% 18.3% 18.0%
    Allowance for credit losses to total loans 1.86% 1.87% 1.87% 2.11% 2.00%
    Book value per share $20.71 $20.40 $19.92 $19.91 $19.30
    Tangible book value per share (non-GAAP)(1) $13.44 $13.15 $12.68 $12.67 $12.08
    Dividends per share $0.20 $0.195 $0.195 $0.195 $0.18
    Shareholder buyback yield(2) 0.49% 0.53% 0.05% 0.56% 0.67%

    (1) Calculation of this metric and the reconciliation to GAAP are included in the schedules accompanying this release.
    (2) Calculation of this metric is included in the schedules accompanying this release.

    “I am once again very pleased with our quarterly results. Diluted EPS of $0.60 and net income of $118.4 million are both records for HOMB. The ongoing, consistent performance from our bankers led to numerous other records being set in the second quarter, further highlighting that strength is no accident,” said John Allison, Chairman & CEO of HOMB.

    Stock Repurchases and Dividends

    During the three-month period ended June 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 1.0 million shares of common stock, which equated to a shareholder buyback yield of 0.49%(1). In comparison, during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, the Company repurchased 1.0 million shares of common stock, which equated to a shareholder buyback yield of 0.53%(1). The Company defines shareholder buyback yield as the percentage of the Company’s market capitalization spent on share repurchases. It reflects how much the Company is returning to the shareholders by reducing the number of outstanding shares, and it is calculated by dividing the Company’s total share repurchase cost for the period by the Company’s total market capitalization at the beginning of the period.

    In addition, during the quarter ended June 30, 2025, the Company paid a dividend of $0.20 per share. This cash dividend represented a $0.005 per share, or 2.6%, increase over the $0.195 cash dividend paid during the first quarter of 2025.

    Operating Highlights

    Net income for the three-month period ended June 30, 2025 was $118.4 million, or $0.60 diluted earnings per share, both of which were records for the Company. When adjusting for non-fundamental items, net income and diluted earnings per share on an as-adjusted basis (non-GAAP), were $114.6 million(2) and $0.58 per share(2), respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2025.

    Our net interest margin was 4.44% for both of the three-month periods ended June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025. The yield on loans was 7.36% and 7.38% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively, as average loans increased from $14.89 billion to $15.06 billion. Additionally, the rate on interest bearing deposits decreased to 2.64% as of June 30, 2025, from 2.67% as of March 31, 2025, while average interest-bearing deposits increased from $13.20 billion to $13.43 billion.

    During the second quarter of 2025, there was $516,000 of event interest income compared to $1.3 million of event interest income for the first quarter of 2025. Purchase accounting accretion on acquired loans was $1.2 million and $1.4 million for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively, and average purchase accounting loan discounts were $16.2 million and $17.5 million for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively.

    Net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis was $222.5 million for the three-month period ended June 30, 2025, and $217.2 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025. This increase in net interest income for the three-month period ended June 30, 2025, was the result of a $6.6 million increase in interest income, partially offset by a $1.3 million increase in interest expense. The $6.6 million increase in interest income was primarily the result of a $5.3 million increase in loan income and a $2.3 million increase in income from deposits with other banks, partially offset by a $1.0 million decrease in investment income. The $1.3 million increase in interest expense was due to a $1.7 million increase in interest expense on deposits, partially offset by a $363,000 decrease in FHLB and other borrowed funds.

    The Company reported $51.1 million of non-interest income for the second quarter of 2025. The most important components of non-interest income were $13.5 million from other income, $12.6 million from other service charges and fees, $9.6 million from service charges on deposit accounts, $5.2 million from trust fees, $4.8 million in mortgage lending income, $2.7 million from dividends from FHLB, FRB, FNBB and other, $1.4 million from the increase in cash value of life insurance and $972,000 from the gain on sale of branches, equipment and other assets, net. Included within other income was $3.5 million in special income from equity investments and $885,000 in legal fee reimbursements.

    Non-interest expense for the second quarter of 2025 was $116.0 million. The most important components of non-interest expense were $64.3 million from salaries and employee benefits, $29.3 million in other operating expense, $14.0 million in occupancy and equipment expenses and $8.4 million in data processing expenses. Included within other expense was $3.3 million in legal claims expense, which was partially offset by a $1.5 million FDIC assessment reduction. For the second quarter of 2025, our efficiency ratio was 41.68%, and our efficiency ratio, as adjusted (non-GAAP), was 42.01%(2).

    Financial Condition

    Total loans receivable were $15.18 billion at June 30, 2025, compared to $14.95 billion at March 31, 2025. Total loans receivable of $15.18 billion were a record for the Company. Total deposits were $17.49 billion at June 30, 2025, compared to $17.54 billion at March 31, 2025. Total assets were $22.91 billion at June 30, 2025, compared to $22.99 billion at March 31, 2025.

    During the second quarter of 2025, the Company had a $228.5 million increase in loans. Our community banking footprint experienced $106.8 million in organic loan growth during the quarter ended June 30, 2025, and Centennial CFG experienced $121.7 million of organic loan growth and had loans of $1.83 billion at June 30, 2025.

    Non-performing loans to total loans were 0.63% and 0.60% at June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively. Non-performing assets to total assets were 0.60% and 0.56% at June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively. Net loans charged-off were $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and net loans recovered were $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The charge-off detail by region for the quarters ended June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025 can be seen below.

    For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
    (in thousands)   Texas   Arkansas   Centennial CFG   Shore Premier Finance   Florida   Alabama   Total
    Charge-offs   $ 2,588     $ 462     $ 181   $ 582     $ 245     $ 13     $ 4,071  
    Recoveries     (2,172 )     (223 )         (22 )     (577 )     (2 )     (2,996 )
    Net charge-offs (recoveries)   $ 416     $ 239     $ 181   $ 560     $ (332 )   $ 11     $ 1,075  
    For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
    (in thousands)   Texas   Arkansas   Centennial CFG   Shore Premier Finance   Florida   Alabama   Total
    Charge-offs   $ 444     $ 474     $     $ 53     $ 2,479     $ 8     $ 3,458  
    Recoveries     (6,514 )     (228 )     (658 )     (3 )     (117 )     (2 )     (7,522 )
    Net (recoveries) charge-offs   $ (6,070 )   $ 246     $ (658 )   $ 50     $ 2,362     $ 6     $ (4,064 )

    At June 30, 2025, non-performing loans were $96.3 million, and non-performing assets were $137.8 million. At March 31, 2025, non-performing loans were $89.6 million, and non-performing assets were $129.4 million.

    The table below shows the non-performing loans and non-performing assets by region as June 30, 2025:

    (in thousands)   Texas   Arkansas   Centennial CFG   Shore Premier Finance   Florida   Alabama   Total
    Non-accrual loans   22,487   16,276   787   11,716   37,833   162   89,261
    Loans 90+ days past due   3,557   2,341       1,133     7,031
    Total non-performing loans   26,044   18,617   787   11,716   38,966   162   96,292
                                 
    Foreclosed assets held for sale   17,259   863   22,842     565     41,529
    Other non-performing assets              
    Total other non-performing assets   17,259   863   22,842     565     41,529
    Total non-performing assets   43,303   19,480   23,629   11,716   39,531   162   137,821

    The table below shows the non-performing loans and non-performing assets by region as March 31, 2025:

    (in thousands)   Texas   Arkansas   Centennial CFG   Shore Premier Finance   Florida   Alabama   Total
    Non-accrual loans   23,694   15,214   2,766   5,444   39,108   157   86,383
    Loans 90+ days past due   3,264             3,264
    Total non-performing loans   26,958   15,214   2,766   5,444   39,108   157   89,647
                                 
    Foreclosed assets held for sale   15,357   1,052   22,820     451     39,680
    Other non-performing assets   63             63
    Total other non-performing assets   15,420   1,052   22,820     451     39,743
    Total non-performing assets   42,378   16,266   25,586   5,444   39,559   157   129,390

    The Company’s allowance for credit losses on loans was $281.9 million at June 30, 2025, or 1.86% of total loans, compared to the allowance for credit losses on loans of $279.9 million, or 1.87% of total loans, at March 31, 2025. As of June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the Company’s allowance for credit losses on loans was 292.72% and 312.27% of its total non-performing loans, respectively.

    Stockholders’ equity was $4.09 billion at June 30, 2025, which increased approximately $42.8 million from March 31, 2025. The net increase in stockholders’ equity is primarily associated with the $78.9 million increase in retained earnings, which was partially offset by the $11.4 million increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss and the $27.5 million in stock repurchases for the quarter. Book value per common share was $20.71 at June 30, 2025, compared to $20.40 at March 31, 2025. Tangible book value per common share (non-GAAP) was $13.44(2) at June 30, 2025, compared to $13.15(2) at March 31, 2025. Book value per common share and tangible book value per common share, as of June 30, 2025, were both records for the Company.

    Branches

    The Company currently has 75 branches in Arkansas, 78 branches in Florida, 58 branches in Texas, 5 branches in Alabama and one branch in New York City.

    Conference Call

    Management will conduct a conference call to review this information at 1:00 p.m. CT (2:00 p.m. ET) on Thursday, July 17, 2025. We strongly encourage all participants to pre-register for the conference call webcast or the live call using one of the following links. First, participants can pre-register for the conference call webcast using the following link: https://events.q4inc.com/attendee/133918928. Participants who pre-register will be given a unique webcast link to gain immediate access to the conference call webcast. Second, participants can pre-register for the live call using the following link: https://www.netroadshow.com/events/login?show=862a0326&confId=84106. Participants who pre-register will be given the phone number and unique access codes to gain immediate access to the live call. Participants may pre-register now, or at any time prior to the call, and will immediately receive simple instructions via email. The Home BancShares conference call will also be scheduled as an event in your Outlook calendar.

    Those without internet access or unable to pre-register may dial in and listen to the live call by calling 1-833-470-1428, Passcode: 171523. A replay of the call will be available by calling 1-866-813-9403, Passcode: 539251, which will be available until July 24, 2025, at 11:59 p.m. CT. Internet access to the call will be available live or in recorded version on the Company’s website at www.homebancshares.com. 

    About Home BancShares

    Home BancShares, Inc. is a bank holding company headquartered in Conway, Arkansas. Its wholly-owned subsidiary, Centennial Bank, provides a broad range of commercial and retail banking plus related financial services to businesses, real estate developers, investors, individuals and municipalities. Centennial Bank has branch locations in Arkansas, Florida, Texas, South Alabama and New York City. The Company’s common stock is traded through the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “HOMB.” The Company was founded in 1998. Visit www.homebancshares.com or www.my100bank.com for more information.

    Non-GAAP Financial Measures

    This press release contains financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The Company’s management uses these non-GAAP financial measures–including net income (earnings), as adjusted; pre-tax, pre-provision, net income (PPNR); PPNR, as adjusted; pre-tax net income, as adjusted, to total revenue (net); pre-tax, pre-provision, profit percentage; pre-tax, pre-provision, profit percentage, as adjusted; diluted earnings per common share, as adjusted; return on average assets, as adjusted; return on average assets excluding intangible amortization; return on average assets, as adjusted, excluding intangible amortization; return on average common equity, as adjusted; return on average tangible common equity; return on average tangible common equity, as adjusted; return on average tangible common equity excluding intangible amortization; return on average tangible common equity, as adjusted, excluding intangible amortization; efficiency ratio, as adjusted; tangible book value per common share and tangible common equity to tangible assets–to provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance. These measures typically adjust GAAP performance measures to include the tax benefit associated with revenue items that are tax-exempt, as well as adjust income available to common shareholders for certain significant items or transactions that management believes are not indicative of the Company’s primary business operating results. Since the presentation of these GAAP performance measures and their impact differ between companies, management believes presentations of these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful supplemental information that is essential to a proper understanding of the operating results of the Company’s business. These non-GAAP disclosures should not be viewed as a substitute for operating results determined in accordance with GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies. Where non-GAAP financial measures are used, the comparable GAAP financial measure, as well as the reconciliation to the comparable GAAP financial measure, can be found in the tables of this release.

    (1) Calculation of this metric is included in the schedules accompanying this release.
    (2) Calculation of this metric and the reconciliation to GAAP are included in the schedules accompanying this release.

    General

    This release contains forward-looking statements regarding the Company’s plans, expectations, goals and outlook for the future, including future financial results. Statements in this press release that are not historical facts should be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future events, performance or results. When we use words or phrases like “may,” “plan,” “propose,” “contemplate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “intend,” “continue,” “expect,” “project,” “predict,” “estimate,” “could,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions, you should consider them as identifying forward-looking statements, although we may use other phrasing. Forward-looking statements of this type speak only as of the date of this news release. By nature, forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Various factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following: economic conditions, credit quality, interest rates, loan demand, real estate values and unemployment, including any future impacts from inflation or changes in tariffs or trade policies; the ability to identify, complete and successfully integrate new acquisitions; the risk that expected cost savings and other benefits from acquisitions may not be fully realized or may take longer to realize than expected; diversion of management time on acquisition-related issues; the availability of and access to capital and liquidity on terms acceptable to us; legislative and regulatory changes and risks and expenses associated with current and future legislation and regulations; technological changes and cybersecurity risks and incidents; the effects of changes in accounting policies and practices; changes in governmental monetary and fiscal policies; political instability, military conflicts and other major domestic or international events; the impacts of recent or future adverse weather events, including hurricanes, and other natural disasters; disruptions, uncertainties and related effects on credit quality, liquidity and other aspects of our business and operations that may result from any future public health crises; competition from other financial institutions; potential claims, expenses and other adverse effects related to current or future litigation, regulatory examinations or other government actions; potential increases in deposit insurance assessments, increased regulatory scrutiny or market disruptions resulting from financial challenges in the banking industry; changes in the assumptions used in making the forward-looking statements; and other factors described in reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including those factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025.

    FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT:
    Donna Townsell
    Director of Investor Relations
    Home BancShares, Inc.
    (501) 328-4625

     Home BancShares, Inc.
     Consolidated End of Period Balance Sheets
     (Unaudited)
                         
     (In thousands)   Jun. 30, 2025   Mar. 31, 2025   Dec. 31, 2024   Sep. 30, 2024   Jun. 30, 2024
    ASSETS                    
                         
    Cash and due from banks   $ 291,344     $ 319,747     $ 281,063     $ 265,408     $ 229,209  
    Interest-bearing deposits with other banks     809,729       975,983       629,284       752,269       829,507  
    Cash and cash equivalents     1,101,073       1,295,730       910,347       1,017,677       1,058,716  
    Federal funds sold     2,600       6,275       3,725       6,425        
    Investment securities – available-for-sale, net of allowance for credit losses     2,899,968       3,003,320       3,072,639       3,270,620       3,344,539  
    Investment securities – held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses     1,265,292       1,269,896       1,275,204       1,277,090       1,278,853  
    Total investment securities     4,165,260       4,273,216       4,347,843       4,547,710       4,623,392  
    Loans receivable     15,180,624       14,952,116       14,764,500       14,823,979       14,781,457  
    Allowance for credit losses     (281,869 )     (279,944 )     (275,880 )     (312,574 )     (295,856 )
    Loans receivable, net     14,898,755       14,672,172       14,488,620       14,511,405       14,485,601  
    Bank premises and equipment, net     379,729       384,843       386,322       388,776       383,691  
    Foreclosed assets held for sale     41,529       39,680       43,407       43,040       41,347  
    Cash value of life insurance     218,113       221,621       219,786       219,353       218,198  
    Accrued interest receivable     107,732       115,983       120,129       118,871       120,984  
    Deferred tax asset, net     174,323       170,120       186,697       176,629       195,041  
    Goodwill     1,398,253       1,398,253       1,398,253       1,398,253       1,398,253  
    Core deposit intangible     36,255       38,280       40,327       42,395       44,490  
    Other assets     383,400       376,030       345,292       352,583       350,192  
    Total assets   $ 22,907,022     $ 22,992,203     $ 22,490,748     $ 22,823,117     $ 22,919,905  
                         
    LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY                    
    Liabilities                    
    Deposits:                    
    Demand and non-interest-bearing   $ 4,024,574     $ 4,079,289     $ 4,006,115     $ 3,937,168     $ 4,068,302  
    Savings and interest-bearing transaction accounts     11,571,949       11,586,106       11,347,850       10,966,426       11,150,516  
    Time deposits     1,891,909       1,876,096       1,792,332       1,802,116       1,736,985  
    Total deposits     17,488,432       17,541,491       17,146,297       16,705,710       16,955,803  
    Securities sold under agreements to repurchase     140,813       161,401       162,350       179,416       137,996  
    FHLB and other borrowed funds     550,500       600,500       600,750       1,300,750       1,301,050  
    Accrued interest payable and other liabilities     203,004       207,154       181,080       238,058       230,011  
    Subordinated debentures     438,957       439,102       439,246       439,394       439,542  
    Total liabilities     18,821,706       18,949,648       18,529,723       18,863,328       19,064,402  
                         
    Stockholders’ equity                    
    Common stock     1,972       1,982       1,989       1,989       1,997  
    Capital surplus     2,221,576       2,246,312       2,272,794       2,272,100       2,295,893  
    Retained earnings     2,097,712       2,018,801       1,942,350       1,880,562       1,819,412  
    Accumulated other comprehensive loss     (235,944 )     (224,540 )     (256,108 )     (194,862 )     (261,799 )
    Total stockholders’ equity     4,085,316       4,042,555       3,961,025       3,959,789       3,855,503  
    Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity   $ 22,907,022     $ 22,992,203     $ 22,490,748     $ 22,823,117     $ 22,919,905  
                         
     Home BancShares, Inc.
     Consolidated Statements of Income
     (Unaudited)
                                 
         Quarter Ended   Six Months Ended
    (In thousands)   Jun. 30, 2025   Mar. 31, 2025   Dec. 31, 2024   Sep. 30, 2024   Jun. 30, 2024   Jun. 30, 2025   Jun. 30, 2024
     Interest income:                            
    Loans   $ 276,041     $ 270,784     $ 278,409     $ 281,977     $ 274,324     $ 546,825     $ 539,618  
    Investment securities                            
    Taxable     26,444       27,433       28,943       31,006       32,587       53,877       65,816  
    Tax-exempt     7,626       7,650       7,704       7,704       7,769       15,276       15,572  
    Deposits – other banks     8,951       6,620       7,585       12,096       12,564       15,571       23,092  
    Federal funds sold     53       55       73       62       59       108       120  
    Total interest income     319,115       312,542       322,714       332,845       327,303       631,657       644,218  
     Interest expense:                            
    Interest on deposits     88,489       86,786       90,564       97,785       95,741       175,275       188,289  
    Federal funds purchased                       1                    
    FHLB and other borrowed funds     5,539       5,902       9,541       14,383       14,255       11,441       28,531  
    Securities sold under agreements to repurchase     1,012       1,074       1,346       1,335       1,363       2,086       2,767  
    Subordinated debentures     4,123       4,124       4,121       4,121       4,122       8,247       8,219  
    Total interest expense     99,163       97,886       105,572       117,625       115,481       197,049       227,806  
     Net interest income     219,952       214,656       217,142       215,220       211,822       434,608       416,412  
    Provision for credit losses on loans     3,000             16,700       18,200       8,000       3,000       13,500  
    Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on unfunded commitments                       1,000                   (1,000 )
    Recovery of credit losses on investment securities                       (330 )                  
    Total credit loss expense     3,000             16,700       18,870       8,000       3,000       12,500  
     Net interest income after credit loss expense     216,952       214,656       200,442       196,350       203,822       431,608       403,912  
     Non-interest income:                            
    Service charges on deposit accounts     9,552       9,650       9,935       9,888       9,714       19,202       19,400  
    Other service charges and fees     12,643       10,689       11,651       10,490       10,679       23,332       20,868  
    Trust fees     5,234       4,760       4,526       4,403       4,722       9,994       9,788  
    Mortgage lending income     4,780       3,599       3,518       4,437       4,276       8,379       7,834  
    Insurance commissions     589       535       483       595       565       1,124       1,073  
    Increase in cash value of life insurance     1,415       1,842       1,215       1,161       1,279       3,257       2,474  
    Dividends from FHLB, FRB, FNBB & other     2,657       2,718       2,820       2,637       2,998       5,375       6,005  
    Gain on SBA loans           288       218       145       56       288       254  
    Gain (loss) on branches, equipment and other assets, net     972       (163 )     26       32       2,052       809       2,044  
    Gain (loss) on OREO, net     13       (376 )     (2,423 )     85       49       (363 )     66  
    Fair value adjustment for marketable securities     (238 )     442       850       1,392       (274 )     204       729  
    Other income     13,462       11,442       8,403       7,514       6,658       24,904       14,038  
    Total non-interest income     51,079       45,426       41,222       42,779       42,774       96,505       84,573  
     Non-interest expense:                            
    Salaries and employee benefits     64,318       61,855       60,824       58,861       60,427       126,173       121,337  
    Occupancy and equipment     14,023       14,425       14,526       14,546       14,408       28,448       28,959  
    Data processing expense     8,364       8,558       9,324       9,088       8,935       16,922       18,082  
    Other operating expenses     29,335       28,090       27,536       27,550       29,415       57,425       56,303  
    Total non-interest expense     116,040       112,928       112,210       110,045       113,185       228,968       224,681  
     Income before income taxes     151,991       147,154       129,454       129,084       133,411       299,145       263,804  
    Income tax expense     33,588       31,945       28,890       29,046       31,881       65,533       62,165  
    Net income   $ 118,403     $ 115,209     $ 100,564     $ 100,038     $ 101,530     $ 233,612     $ 201,639  
                                 
    Home BancShares, Inc.
    Selected Financial Information
    (Unaudited)
                                 
        Quarter Ended   Six Months Ended
    (Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)   Jun. 30, 2025   Mar. 31, 2025   Dec. 31, 2024   Sep. 30, 2024   Jun. 30, 2024   Jun. 30, 2025   Jun. 30, 2024
    PER SHARE DATA                            
    Diluted earnings per common share   $ 0.60     $ 0.58     $ 0.51     $ 0.50     $ 0.51     $ 1.18     $ 1.00  
    Diluted earnings per common share, as adjusted (non-GAAP)(1)     0.58       0.56       0.50       0.50       0.52       1.14       1.01  
    Basic earnings per common share     0.60       0.58       0.51       0.50       0.51       1.18       1.00  
    Dividends per share – common     0.20       0.195       0.195       0.195       0.18       0.395       0.36  
    Shareholder buyback yield(2)     0.49 %     0.53 %     0.05 %     0.56 %     0.67 %     1.02 %     1.12 %
    Book value per common share   $ 20.71     $ 20.40     $ 19.92     $ 19.91     $ 19.30     $ 20.71     $ 19.30  
    Tangible book value per common share (non-GAAP)(1)     13.44       13.15       12.68       12.67       12.08       13.44       12.08  
                                 
    STOCK INFORMATION                            
    Average common shares outstanding     197,532       198,657       198,863       199,380       200,319       198,091       200,765  
    Average diluted shares outstanding     197,765       198,852       198,973       199,461       200,465       198,289       200,909  
    End of period common shares outstanding     197,239       198,206       198,882       198,879       199,746       197,239       199,746  
                                 
    ANNUALIZED PERFORMANCE METRICS                            
                                 
    Return on average assets (ROA)     2.08 %     2.07 %     1.77 %     1.74 %     1.79 %     2.08 %     1.78 %
    Return on average assets, as adjusted: (ROA, as adjusted) (non-GAAP)(1)     2.02 %     2.01 %     1.76 %     1.72 %     1.83 %     2.02 %     1.79 %
    Return on average assets excluding intangible amortization (non-GAAP)(1)     2.25 %     2.24 %     1.92 %     1.88 %     1.94 %     2.25 %     1.93 %
    Return on average assets, as adjusted, excluding intangible amortization (non-GAAP)(1)     2.18 %     2.18 %     1.91 %     1.86 %     1.98 %     2.18 %     1.94 %
    Return on average common equity (ROE)     11.77 %     11.75 %     10.13 %     10.23 %     10.73 %     11.76 %     10.69 %
    Return on average common equity, as adjusted: (ROE, as adjusted) (non-GAAP)(1)     11.39 %     11.41 %     10.05 %     10.12 %     10.98 %     11.40 %     10.76 %
    Return on average tangible common equity (ROTCE) (non-GAAP)(1)     18.26 %     18.39 %     15.94 %     16.26 %     17.29 %     18.33 %     17.26 %
    Return on average tangible common equity, as adjusted: (ROTCE, as adjusted) (non-GAAP)(1)     17.68 %     17.87 %     15.82 %     16.09 %     17.69 %     17.77 %     17.38 %
    Return on average tangible common equity excluding intangible amortization (non-GAAP)(1)     18.50 %     18.64 %     16.18 %     16.51 %     17.56 %     18.57 %     17.53 %
    Return on average tangible common equity, as adjusted, excluding intangible amortization (non-GAAP)(1)     17.92 %     18.12 %     16.07 %     16.34 %     17.97 %     18.02 %     17.66 %
                                 
    (1) Calculation of this metric and the reconciliation to GAAP are included in the schedules accompanying this release.
    (2) Calculation of this metric is included in the schedules accompanying this release.
    Home BancShares, Inc.
    Selected Financial Information
    (Unaudited)
                                 
        Quarter Ended   Six Months Ended
    (Dollars in thousands)   Jun. 30, 2025   Mar. 31, 2025   Dec. 31, 2024   Sep. 30, 2024   Jun. 30, 2024   Jun. 30, 2025   Jun. 30, 2024
    Efficiency ratio     41.68 %     42.22 %     42.24 %     41.42 %     43.17 %     41.94 %     43.69 %
    Efficiency ratio, as adjusted (non-GAAP)(1)     42.01 %     42.84 %     42.00 %     41.66 %     42.59 %     42.42 %     43.50 %
    Net interest margin – FTE (NIM)     4.44 %     4.44 %     4.39 %     4.28 %     4.27 %     4.44 %     4.20 %
    Fully taxable equivalent adjustment   $ 2,526     $ 2,534     $ 2,398     $ 2,616     $ 2,628     $ 5,060     $ 3,520  
    Total revenue (net)     271,031       260,082       258,364       257,999       254,596       531,113       500,985  
    Pre-tax, pre-provision, net income (PPNR) (non-GAAP)(1)     154,991       147,154       146,154       147,954       141,411       302,145       276,304  
    PPNR, as adjusted (non-GAAP)(1)     150,404       142,821       145,209       146,562       141,886       293,225       275,614  
    Pre-tax net income to total revenue (net)     56.08 %     56.58 %     50.11 %     50.03 %     52.40 %     56.32 %     52.66 %
    Pre-tax net income, as adjusted, to total revenue (net) (non-GAAP)(1)     54.39 %     54.91 %     49.74 %     49.49 %     52.59 %     54.64 %     52.52 %
    P5NR (Pre-tax, pre-provision, profit percentage) (PPNR to total revenue (net)) (non-GAAP)(1)     57.19 %     56.58 %     56.57 %     57.35 %     55.54 %     56.89 %     55.15 %
    P5NR, as adjusted (non-GAAP)(1)     55.49 %     54.91 %     56.20 %     56.81 %     55.73 %     55.21 %     55.01 %
    Total purchase accounting accretion   $ 1,233     $ 1,378     $ 1,610     $ 1,878     $ 1,873     $ 2,611     $ 4,645  
    Average purchase accounting loan discounts     16,219       17,493       19,090       20,832       22,788       16,873       23,813  
                                 
    OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES                            
    Advertising   $ 2,054     $ 1,928     $ 1,941     $ 1,810     $ 1,692     $ 3,982     $ 3,346  
    Amortization of intangibles     2,025       2,047       2,068       2,095       2,140       4,072       4,280  
    Electronic banking expense     3,172       3,055       3,307       3,569       3,412       6,227       6,568  
    Directors’ fees     431       452       356       362       423       883       921  
    Due from bank service charges     283       281       271       302       282       564       558  
    FDIC and state assessment     1,636       3,387       3,216       3,360       5,494       5,023       8,812  
    Insurance     1,049       999       900       926       905       2,048       1,808  
    Legal and accounting     2,360       3,641       2,361       1,902       2,617       6,001       4,698  
    Other professional fees     2,211       1,947       1,736       2,062       2,108       4,158       4,344  
    Operating supplies     711       711       711       673       613       1,422       1,296  
    Postage     488       503       518       522       497       991       1,020  
    Telephone     419       436       438       455       444       855       914  
    Other expense     12,496       8,703       9,713       9,512       8,788       21,199       17,738  
    Total other operating expenses   $ 29,335     $ 28,090     $ 27,536     $ 27,550     $ 29,415     $ 57,425     $ 56,303  
                                 
    (1) Calculation of this metric and the reconciliation to GAAP are included in the schedules accompanying this release.
    Home BancShares, Inc.
    Selected Financial Information
    (Unaudited)
                         
    (Dollars in thousands)   Jun. 30, 2025   Mar. 31, 2025   Dec. 31, 2024   Sep. 30, 2024   Jun. 30, 2024
    BALANCE SHEET RATIOS                    
    Total loans to total deposits     86.80 %     85.24 %     86.11 %     88.74 %     87.18 %
    Common equity to assets     17.83 %     17.58 %     17.61 %     17.35 %     16.82 %
    Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP)(1)     12.35 %     12.09 %     11.98 %     11.78 %     11.23 %
                    .    
    LOANS RECEIVABLE                    
    Real estate                    
    Commercial real estate loans                    
    Non-farm/non-residential   $ 5,553,182     $ 5,588,681     $ 5,426,780     $ 5,496,536     $ 5,599,925  
    Construction/land development     2,695,561       2,735,760       2,736,214       2,741,419       2,511,817  
    Agricultural     315,926       335,437       336,993       335,965       345,461  
    Residential real estate loans                    
    Residential 1-4 family     2,138,990       1,947,872       1,956,489       1,932,352       1,910,143  
    Multifamily residential     620,439       576,089       496,484       482,648       509,091  
    Total real estate     11,324,098       11,183,839       10,952,960       10,988,920       10,876,437  
    Consumer     1,218,834       1,227,745       1,234,361       1,219,197       1,189,386  
    Commercial and industrial     2,107,326       2,045,036       2,022,775       2,084,667       2,242,072  
    Agricultural     323,457       314,323       367,251       352,963       314,600  
    Other     206,909       181,173       187,153       178,232       158,962  
    Loans receivable   $ 15,180,624     $ 14,952,116     $ 14,764,500     $ 14,823,979     $ 14,781,457  
                         
    ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES                    
    Balance, beginning of period   $ 279,944     $ 275,880     $ 312,574     $ 295,856     $ 290,294  
    Loans charged off     4,071       3,458       53,959       2,001       3,098  
    Recoveries of loans previously charged off     2,996       7,522       565       519       660  
    Net loans charged off (recovered)     1,075       (4,064 )     53,394       1,482       2,438  
    Provision for credit losses – loans     3,000             16,700       18,200       8,000  
    Balance, end of period   $ 281,869     $ 279,944     $ 275,880     $ 312,574     $ 295,856  
                         
    Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average total loans     0.03 %     (0.11 )%     1.44 %     0.04 %     0.07 %
    Allowance for credit losses to total loans     1.86 %     1.87 %     1.87 %     2.11 %     2.00 %
                         
    NON-PERFORMING ASSETS                    
    Non-performing loans                    
    Non-accrual loans   $ 89,261     $ 86,383     $ 93,853     $ 95,747     $ 78,090  
    Loans past due 90 days or more     7,031       3,264       5,034       5,356       8,251  
    Total non-performing loans     96,292       89,647       98,887       101,103       86,341  
    Other non-performing assets                    
    Foreclosed assets held for sale, net     41,529       39,680       43,407       43,040       41,347  
    Other non-performing assets           63       63       63       63  
    Total other non-performing assets     41,529       39,743       43,470       43,103       41,410  
    Total non-performing assets   $ 137,821     $ 129,390     $ 142,357     $ 144,206     $ 127,751  
                         
    Allowance for credit losses for loans to non-performing loans     292.72 %     312.27 %     278.99 %     309.16 %     342.66 %
    Non-performing loans to total loans     0.63 %     0.60 %     0.67 %     0.68 %     0.58 %
    Non-performing assets to total assets     0.60 %     0.56 %     0.63 %     0.63 %     0.56 %
                         
    (1) Calculation of this metric and the reconciliation to GAAP are included in the schedules accompanying this release.
    Home BancShares, Inc.
    Consolidated Net Interest Margin
    (Unaudited)
                             
        Three Months Ended
        June 30, 2025   March 31, 2025
    (Dollars in thousands)   Average Balance   Income/ Expense   Yield/ Rate   Average Balance   Income/ Expense   Yield/ Rate
    ASSETS                        
    Earning assets                        
    Interest-bearing balances due from banks   $ 813,833   $ 8,951   4.41 %   $ 611,962   $ 6,620   4.39 %
    Federal funds sold     4,878     53   4.36 %     5,091     55   4.38 %
    Investment securities – taxable     3,095,764     26,444   3.43 %     3,179,290     27,433   3.50 %
    Investment securities – non-taxable – FTE     1,113,044     10,033   3.62 %     1,135,783     10,061   3.59 %
    Loans receivable – FTE     15,055,414     276,160   7.36 %     14,893,912     270,907   7.38 %
    Total interest-earning assets     20,082,933     321,641   6.42 %     19,826,038     315,076   6.45 %
    Non-earning assets     2,714,805             2,722,797        
    Total assets   $ 22,797,738           $ 22,548,835        
                             
    LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY                      
    Liabilities                        
    Interest-bearing liabilities                        
    Savings and interest-bearing transaction accounts   $ 11,541,641   $ 71,042   2.47 %   $ 11,402,688   $ 69,672   2.48 %
    Time deposits     1,886,147     17,447   3.71 %     1,801,503     17,114   3.85 %
    Total interest-bearing deposits     13,427,788     88,489   2.64 %     13,204,191     86,786   2.67 %
    Federal funds purchased     46       %           %
    Securities sold under agreement to repurchase   143,752     1,012   2.82 %     155,861     1,074   2.79 %
    FHLB and other borrowed funds     566,984     5,539   3.92 %     600,681     5,902   3.98 %
    Subordinated debentures     439,027     4,123   3.77 %     439,173     4,124   3.81 %
    Total interest-bearing liabilities     14,577,597     99,163   2.73 %     14,399,906     97,886   2.76 %
    Non-interest bearing liabilities                        
    Non-interest bearing deposits     3,981,901             3,980,944        
    Other liabilities     202,085             190,314        
    Total liabilities     18,761,583             18,571,164        
    Shareholders’ equity     4,036,155             3,977,671        
    Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity   $ 22,797,738           $ 22,548,835        
    Net interest spread           3.69 %           3.69 %
    Net interest income and margin – FTE       $ 222,478   4.44 %       $ 217,190   4.44 %
                             
    Home BancShares, Inc.
    Consolidated Net Interest Margin
    (Unaudited)
                             
        Six Months Ended
        June 30, 2025   June 30, 2024
    (Dollars in thousands)   Average Balance   Income/ Expense   Yield/ Rate   Average Balance   Income/ Expense   Yield/ Rate
    ASSETS                        
    Earning assets                        
    Interest-bearing balances due from banks   $ 713,455   $ 15,571   4.40 %   $ 865,686   $ 23,092   5.36 %
    Federal funds sold     4,984     108   4.37 %     4,718     120   5.11 %
    Investment securities – taxable     3,137,296     53,877   3.46 %     3,459,639     65,816   3.83 %
    Investment securities – non-taxable – FTE     1,124,351     20,094   3.60 %     1,221,431     18,896   3.11 %
    Loans receivable – FTE     14,975,109     547,067   7.37 %     14,568,029     539,814   7.45 %
    Total interest-earning assets     19,955,195     636,717   6.43 %     20,119,503     647,738   6.47 %
    Non-earning assets     2,718,779             2,660,101        
    Total assets   $ 22,673,974           $ 22,779,604        
                             
    LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY                    
    Liabilities                        
    Interest-bearing liabilities                        
    Savings and interest-bearing transaction accounts   $ 11,472,548   $ 140,713   2.47 %   $ 11,078,749   $ 153,525   2.79 %
    Time deposits     1,844,059     34,562   3.78 %     1,708,902     34,764   4.09 %
    Total interest-bearing deposits     13,316,607     175,275   2.65 %     12,787,651     188,289   2.96 %
    Federal funds purchased     23       %     17       %
    Securities sold under agreement to repurchase   149,773     2,086   2.81 %     165,962     2,767   3.35 %
    FHLB and other borrowed funds     583,739     11,441   3.95 %     1,301,071     28,531   4.41 %
    Subordinated debentures     439,100     8,247   3.79 %     439,686     8,219   3.76 %
    Total interest-bearing liabilities     14,489,242     197,049   2.74 %     14,694,387     227,806   3.12 %
    Non-interest bearing liabilities                        
    Non-interest bearing deposits     3,981,425             4,050,787        
    Other liabilities     196,232             239,704        
    Total liabilities     18,666,899             18,984,878        
    Shareholders’ equity     4,007,075             3,794,726        
    Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity   $ 22,673,974           $ 22,779,604        
    Net interest spread           3.69 %           3.35 %
    Net interest income and margin – FTE       $ 439,668   4.44 %       $ 419,932   4.20 %
    Home BancShares, Inc.
    Non-GAAP Reconciliations
    (Unaudited)
                                 
        Quarter Ended   Six Months Ended
    (Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)   Jun. 30, 2025   Mar. 31, 2025   Dec. 31, 2024   Sep. 30, 2024   Jun. 30, 2024   Jun. 30, 2025   Jun. 30, 2024
    EARNINGS, AS ADJUSTED                            
    GAAP net income available to common shareholders (A)   $ 118,403     $ 115,209     $ 100,564     $ 100,038     $ 101,530     $ 233,612     $ 201,639  
    Pre-tax adjustments                            
    FDIC special assessment     (1,516 )                       2,260       (1,516 )     2,260  
    BOLI death benefits     (1,243 )           (95 )                 (1,243 )     (162 )
    Gain on sale of premises and equipment     (983 )                       (2,059 )     (983 )     (2,059 )
    Fair value adjustment for marketable securities     238       (442 )     (850 )     (1,392 )     274       (204 )     (729 )
    Special income from equity investment     (3,498 )     (3,891 )                       (7,389 )      
    Legal fee reimbursement     (885 )                             (885 )      
    Legal claims expense     3,300                               3,300        
    Total pre-tax adjustments     (4,587 )     (4,333 )     (945 )     (1,392 )     475       (8,920 )     (690 )
    Tax-effect of adjustments     (817 )     (1,059 )     (208 )     (348 )     119       (1,876 )     (132 )
    Deferred tax asset write-down                             2,030             2,030  
    Total adjustments after-tax (B)     (3,770 )     (3,274 )     (737 )     (1,044 )     2,386       (7,044 )     1,472  
    Earnings, as adjusted (C)   $ 114,633     $ 111,935     $ 99,827     $ 98,994     $ 103,916     $ 226,568     $ 203,111  
                                 
    Average diluted shares outstanding (D)     197,765       198,852       198,973       199,461       200,465       198,289       200,909  
                                 
    GAAP diluted earnings per share: (A/D)   $ 0.60     $ 0.58     $ 0.51     $ 0.50     $ 0.51     $ 1.18     $ 1.00  
    Adjustments after-tax: (B/D)     (0.02 )     (0.02 )     (0.01 )     0.00       0.01       (0.04 )     0.01  
    Diluted earnings per common share, as adjusted: (C/D)   $ 0.58     $ 0.56     $ 0.50     $ 0.50     $ 0.52     $ 1.14     $ 1.01  
                                 
    ANNUALIZED RETURN ON AVERAGE ASSETS                            
    Return on average assets: (A/E)     2.08 %     2.07 %     1.77 %     1.74 %     1.79 %     2.08 %     1.78 %
    Return on average assets, as adjusted: (ROA, as adjusted) ((A+D)/E)     2.02 %     2.01 %     1.76 %     1.72 %     1.83 %     2.02 %     1.79 %
    Return on average assets excluding intangible amortization: ((A+C)/(E-F))     2.25 %     2.24 %     1.92 %     1.88 %     1.94 %     2.25 %     1.93 %
    Return on average assets, as adjusted, excluding intangible amortization: ((A+C+D)/(E-F))     2.18 %     2.18 %     1.91 %     1.86 %     1.98 %     2.18 %     1.94 %
                                 
    GAAP net income available to common shareholders (A)   $ 118,403     $ 115,209     $ 100,564     $ 100,038     $ 101,530     $ 233,612     $ 201,639  
    Amortization of intangibles (B)     2,025       2,047       2,068       2,095       2,140       4,072       4,280  
    Amortization of intangibles after-tax (C)     1,530       1,547       1,563       1,572       1,605       3,077       3,210  
    Adjustments after-tax (D)     (3,770 )     (3,274 )     (737 )     (1,044 )     2,386       (7,044 )     1,472  
    Average assets (E)     22,797,738       22,548,835       22,565,077       22,893,784       22,875,949       22,673,974       22,779,604  
    Average goodwill & core deposit intangible (F)     1,435,480       1,437,515       1,439,566       1,441,654       1,443,778       1,436,492       1,444,840  
     Home BancShares, Inc.
     Non-GAAP Reconciliations
     (Unaudited)
                                 
        Quarter Ended   Six Months Ended
    (Dollars in thousands)   Jun. 30, 2025   Mar. 31, 2025   Dec. 31, 2024   Sep. 30, 2024   Jun. 30, 2024   Jun. 30, 2025   Jun. 30, 2024
    ANNUALIZED RETURN ON AVERAGE COMMON EQUITY                            
    Return on average common equity: (A/D)     11.77 %     11.75 %     10.13 %     10.23 %     10.73 %     11.76 %     10.69 %
    Return on average common equity, as adjusted: (ROE, as adjusted) ((A+C)/D)     11.39 %     11.41 %     10.05 %     10.12 %     10.98 %     11.40 %     10.76 %
    Return on average tangible common equity: (ROTCE) (A/(D-E))     18.26 %     18.39 %     15.94 %     16.26 %     17.29 %     18.33 %     17.26 %
    Return on average tangible common equity, as adjusted: (ROTCE, as adjusted) ((A+C)/(D-E))     17.68 %     17.87 %     15.82 %     16.09 %     17.69 %     17.77 %     17.38 %
    Return on average tangible common equity excluding intangible amortization: (B/(D-E))     18.50 %     18.64 %     16.18 %     16.51 %     17.56 %     18.57 %     17.53 %
    Return on average tangible common equity, as adjusted, excluding intangible amortization: ((B+C)/(D-E))     17.92 %     18.12 %     16.07 %     16.34 %     17.97 %     18.02 %     17.66 %
                                 
    GAAP net income available to common shareholders (A)   $ 118,403     $ 115,209     $ 100,564     $ 100,038     $ 101,530     $ 233,612     $ 201,639  
    Earnings excluding intangible amortization (B)     119,933       116,756       102,127       101,610       103,135       236,689       204,849  
    Adjustments after-tax (C)     (3,770 )     (3,274 )     (737 )     (1,044 )     2,386       (7,044 )     1,472  
    Average common equity (D)     4,036,155       3,977,671       3,950,176       3,889,712       3,805,800       4,007,075       3,794,726  
    Average goodwill & core deposits intangible (E)     1,435,480       1,437,515       1,439,566       1,441,654       1,443,778       1,436,492       1,444,840  
                                 
    EFFICIENCY RATIO & P5NR                            
    Efficiency ratio: ((D-G)/(B+C+E))     41.68 %     42.22 %     42.24 %     41.42 %     43.17 %     41.94 %     43.69 %
    Efficiency ratio, as adjusted: ((D-G-I)/(B+C+E-H))     42.01 %     42.84 %     42.00 %     41.66 %     42.59 %     42.42 %     43.50 %
    Pre-tax net income to total revenue (net) (A/(B+C))     56.08 %     56.58 %     50.11 %     50.03 %     52.40 %     56.32 %     52.66 %
    Pre-tax net income, as adjusted, to total revenue (net) ((A+F)/(B+C))     54.39 %     54.91 %     49.74 %     49.49 %     52.59 %     54.64 %     52.52 %
    Pre-tax, pre-provision, net income (PPNR) (B+C-D)   $ 154,991     $ 147,154     $ 146,154     $ 147,954     $ 141,411     $ 302,145     $ 276,304  
    Pre-tax, pre-provision, net income, as adjusted (B+C-D+F)   $ 150,404     $ 142,821     $ 145,209     $ 146,562     $ 141,886     $ 293,225     $ 275,614  
    P5NR (Pre-tax, pre-provision, profit percentage) PPNR to total revenue (net)) (B+C-D)/(B+C)     57.19 %     56.58 %     56.57 %     57.35 %     55.54 %     56.89 %     55.15 %
    P5NR, as adjusted (B+C-D+F)/(B+C)     55.49 %     54.91 %     56.20 %     56.81 %     55.73 %     55.21 %     55.01 %
                                 
    Pre-tax net income (A)   $ 151,991     $ 147,154     $ 129,454     $ 129,084     $ 133,411     $ 299,145     $ 263,804  
    Net interest income (B)     219,952       214,656       217,142       215,220       211,822       434,608       416,412  
    Non-interest income (C)     51,079       45,426       41,222       42,779       42,774       96,505       84,573  
    Non-interest expense (D)     116,040       112,928       112,210       110,045       113,185       228,968       224,681  
    Fully taxable equivalent adjustment (E)     2,526       2,534       2,398       2,616       2,628       5,060       3,520  
    Total pre-tax adjustments (F)     (4,587 )     (4,333 )     (945 )     (1,392 )     475       (8,920 )     (690 )
    Amortization of intangibles (G)     2,025       2,047       2,068       2,095       2,140       4,072       4,280  
                                 
    Adjustments:                            
    Non-interest income:                            
    Fair value adjustment for marketable securities   $ (238 )   $ 442     $ 850     $ 1,392     $ (274 )   $ 204     $ 729  
    Gain (loss) on OREO     13       (376 )     (2,423 )     85       49       (363 )     66  
    Gain (loss) on branches, equipment and other assets, net     972       (163 )     26       32       2,052       809       2,044  
    Special income from equity investment     3,498       3,891                         7,389        
    BOLI death benefits     1,243             95                   1,243       162  
    Legal expense reimbursement     885                               885        
    Total non-interest income adjustments (H)   $ 6,373     $ 3,794     $ (1,452 )   $ 1,509     $ 1,827     $ 10,167     $ 3,001  
                                 
    Non-interest expense:                            
    FDIC special assessment     (1,516 )                       2,260       (1,516 )     2,260  
    Legal claims expense     3,300                               3,300        
    Total non-interest expense adjustments (I)   $ 1,784     $     $     $     $ 2,260     $ 1,784     $ 2,260  
                                 
    Home BancShares, Inc.
     Non-GAAP Reconciliations
     (Unaudited)
                         
        Quarter Ended
        Jun. 30, 2025   Mar. 31, 2025   Dec. 31, 2024   Sep. 30, 2024   Jun. 30, 2024
    TANGIBLE BOOK VALUE PER COMMON SHARE                    
    Book value per common share: (A/B)   $ 20.71     $ 20.40     $ 19.92     $ 19.91     $ 19.30  
    Tangible book value per common share: ((A-C-D)/B)     13.44       13.15       12.68       12.67       12.08  
                         
    Total stockholders’ equity (A)   $ 4,085,316     $ 4,042,555     $ 3,961,025     $ 3,959,789     $ 3,855,503  
    End of period common shares outstanding (B)     197,239       198,206       198,882       198,879       199,746  
    Goodwill (C)     1,398,253       1,398,253       1,398,253       1,398,253       1,398,253  
    Core deposit and other intangibles (D)     36,255       38,280       40,327       42,395       44,490  
                         
    TANGIBLE COMMON EQUITY TO TANGIBLE ASSETS                    
    Equity to assets: (B/A)     17.83 %     17.58 %     17.61 %     17.35 %     16.82 %
    Tangible common equity to tangible assets: ((B-C-D)/(A-C-D))     12.35 %     12.09 %     11.98 %     11.78 %     11.23 %
                         
    Total assets (A)   $ 22,907,022     $ 22,992,203     $ 22,490,748     $ 22,823,117     $ 22,919,905  
    Total stockholders’ equity (B)     4,085,316       4,042,555       3,961,025       3,959,789       3,855,503  
    Goodwill (C)     1,398,253       1,398,253       1,398,253       1,398,253       1,398,253  
    Core deposit and other intangibles (D)     36,255       38,280       40,327       42,395       44,490  
                         
    Home BancShares, Inc.
    Shareholder Buyback Yield
    (Unaudited)
                                 
        Quarter Ended   Six Months Ended
    (Dollars and shares in thousands)   Jun. 30, 2025   Mar. 31, 2025   Dec. 31, 2024   Sep. 30, 2024   Jun. 30, 2024   Jun. 30, 2025   Jun. 30, 2024
    SHAREHOLDER BUYBACK YIELD                            
    Shareholder buyback yield: (A/B)     0.49 %     0.53 %     0.05 %     0.56 %     0.67 %     1.02 %     1.12 %
                                 
    Shares repurchased     1,000       1,000       96       1,000       1,400       2,000       2,426  
    Average price per share   $ 26.99     $ 29.67     $ 26.38     $ 26.90     $ 23.26     $ 28.33     $ 23.31  
    Principal cost     26,989       29,668       2,526       26,902       32,562       56,657       56,549  
    Excise tax     459       117       (72 )     63       285       576       421  
    Total share repurchase cost (A)   $ 27,448     $ 29,785     $ 2,454     $ 26,965     $ 32,847     $ 57,233     $ 56,970  
                                 
    Shares outstanding beginning of period     198,206       198,882       198,879       199,746       200,797       198,882       201,526  
    Price per share beginning of period   $ 28.27     $ 28.30     $ 27.09     $ 23.96     $ 24.57     $ 28.30     $ 25.33  
    Market capitalization beginning of period (B)   $ 5,603,284     $ 5,628,361     $ 5,387,632     $ 4,785,914     $ 4,933,582     $ 5,628,361     $ 5,104,654  
                                 

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: UK-Germany landmark agreement to help smash smuggling gangs and boost defence exports

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    Press release

    UK-Germany landmark agreement to help smash smuggling gangs and boost defence exports

    Brits and Germans alike will benefit from a closer partnership on the issues that matter most to them, as Prime Minister Keir Starmer is set to host Chancellor Friedrich Merz for a comprehensive visit to London.

    • Prime Minister Keir Starmer will welcome Chancellor Merz to London today for his first official visit to the UK as Chancellor
    • The leaders will sign a new Treaty to strengthen their partnership and deliver benefits for UK and German citizens
    • PM set to welcome German commitment to criminalise facilitating illegal migration to the UK this year, as leaders agree to boost joint defence exports

    Brits and Germans alike will benefit from a closer partnership on the issues that matter most to them, as Prime Minister Keir Starmer is set to host Chancellor Friedrich Merz for a comprehensive visit to London today (Thursday 17 July) to revamp the UK-Germany friendship and sign a first of its kind Bilateral Friendship and Cooperation Treaty.

    Alongside the Treaty, Germany is expected to make a landmark commitment to make it illegal in Germany to facilitate illegal migration to the UK with the law change to be adopted by the end of the year. 

    The change will give law enforcement the tools they need to investigate and take action against warehouses and storage facilities used by migrant smugglers to conceal dangerous small boats intended for illegal crossings to the UK. This will bolster efforts to prosecute those involved in smuggling and support the dismantling of the criminal networks driving unacceptable and unlawful journeys through Europe. 

    This significant and long-awaited step is further evidence that the Prime Minister’s approach to working more closely with our European partners is bearing fruit, and demonstrates progress on delivering the Joint Action Plan on Irregular Migration agreed with Germany last year. Through increased cooperation between UK and German law enforcement bodies we are expanding efforts to tackle people smuggling and bring criminal networks to justice. In the last 18 months the NCA has worked with partners across Europe to seize more than 600 boats and engines, with this change expected to drive that number up further.

    It will also complement bolstered UK efforts to smash the criminal gangs responsible for dangerous, illegal journeys to the UK via small boats, through the game-changing pilot returns agreement reached with France last week, and the continued work upstream of the Border Security Command to disrupt and deter criminal smuggling networks.  

    The new Treaty will detail closer collaboration on issues ranging from migration and security to business, commercial and infrastructure links. This joint commitment to pursue a range of ambitious projects demonstrates how closer partnerships with our trusted allies will help deliver the Prime Minister’s Plan for Change. 

    Prime Minister Keir Starmer said:

    “The progress we are making today is further proof that by investing in our relationships with likeminded friends and partners, we can deliver real change for working people.  

    “The Treaty we will sign today, the first of its kind, will bring the UK and Germany closer than ever. It not only marks the progress we have already made and the history we share. It is the foundation on which we go further to tackle shared problems and invest in shared strengths. 

    “Chancellor Merz’s commitment to make necessary changes to German law to disrupt the supply lines of the dangerous vessels which carry illegal migrants across the Channel is hugely welcome. As the closest of allies, we will continue to work closely together to deliver on the priorities that Brits and Germans share.”

    Deepening our security and defence cooperation is also high on the agenda, with the leaders set to discuss their strong shared support for Ukraine. 

    Building on the landmark Trinity House Agreement on Defence signed in October, the leaders will unveil a new agreement to boost world-class UK defence exports such as Boxer armoured vehicles and Typhoon jets, with the two countries set to pursue joint export campaigns for jointly produced equipment. The agreement is likely to lead to billions of pounds additional defence exports in the coming years – excellent news for the UK economy and thousands of highly skilled defence industrial workers. 

    The leaders are also set to make a new commitment to deliver their new Deep Precision Strike capability in the next decade. The rapid development of this capability will safeguard the British public and reinforce NATO deterrence, while boosting the UK and European defence sectors through significant industrial investment. The new capability is set to have a range of over 2,000 km, and will be among the most advanced systems ever designed by the UK. 

    The Treaty also includes the establishment of a new UK-Germany Business Forum in order to improve business and investment relationship between the UK and Germany, with trade between the two countries already accounting for 8.5% of all UK trade and supporting almost 500,000 jobs. This is further illustrated by a series of commercial investment announced today worth more than £200 million and creating more than 600 new jobs. 

    One such example is German defence tech company, STARK, which has announced a landmark investment in the UK, marking its first production expansion outside of Germany. The move will create over 100 highly skilled jobs in the UK within the first year, including through STARK’s new 40,000 square feet facility in Swindon.

    Mike Armstrong, Managing Director of STARK UK, said: 

    “The UK and Germany are world-leaders in new technology that will define the battlefields of the future. We need rapid and scalable production to protect our people, defend our sovereignty and deter aggression. That means resilient supply chains stretching across Europe. 

    “That is why STARK has chosen the UK as our first production location outside of Germany – taking advantage of the vast technological, industrial and defence expertise that exists here to create AI-powered, unmanned systems to defend Europe and NATO.”

    Other announcements from German companies in the UK today include:

    • Conversational AI firm Cognigy plans to invest £50 million in the UK, expanding its team from 13 to 150.
    • AI ESG platform osapiens plans to invest £30 million in the UK, creating 150 high-skilled jobs.
    • Siemens Energy is creating 200 new jobs as well as 100 new apprentices and graduates starting this autumn.
    • Venture Capital fund, HV Capital, has the ambition to deploy around £150 million in the UK as part of their next fund generation.

    Updates to this page

    Published 16 July 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI New Zealand: Search

    Source: Tertiary Education Commission

    Cyber security webinars
    Modified 19 June 2024
    Over the last year, the Cyber Security for the Tertiary Sector initiative facilitated online webinars to help organisations in the New Zealand tertiary education sector to better understand cyber security and help them decide what steps they can take to become more secure.
    https://www.tec.govt.nz/teo/working-with-teos/improving-cyber-security-in-the-tertiary-sector/how-to-improve-your-cyber-security

    MIL OSI New Zealand News

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: expert reaction to two papers on the use of mitochondrial donation and preimplantation genetic testing for mitochondrial disease, as published in NEJM

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    Two papers published in NEJM look at the use of mitochondrial donation an preimplantation genetic testing for mitochondrial disease.

    Dr David J Clancy, Lecturer in Biogerontology, Lancaster University, said:

    “This comment is to discuss Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy (MRT) in terms of costs and benefits in light of what we now know.

    Benefits

    “Mitochondrial replacement therapy allows women with pathogenic mitochondrial DNA to have a baby which bears her own chromosomes, while reducing or replacing the pathogenic mtDNA. If the primary purpose is to avoid mitochondrial disease, then women could also have IVF by donor sperm or donor egg (or donor embryo), or they might choose adoption if IVF technologies don’t suit them for clinical or personal reasons.

    “In chromosomal dominant diseases like Huntington’s disease, affected people are offered pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT) and they are also offered IVF using donor eggs or embryos if the patient is a woman. For these sorts of genetic disease there is currently no alternative. In these cases a woman cannot have a child bearing her own chromosomes.

    “When having a family there are two ways to break genetic lineages – inheritance down generations: one is to adopt and another is to have IVF by donor sperm or donor egg (or donor embryo). It is difficult to value genetic lineage. It will be more valuable to some, less to others. While maternity is never in doubt, paternity often is. Perhaps we should then value maternal genetic lineage more than paternal. Mitochondrial replacement therapy allows unbroken maternal lineage.

    I cannot determine whether the Mitochondrial Reproductive Advice Clinic suggests IVF by donor egg or embryo (or adoption). The paper says “Patients with heteroplasmy (part pathogenic mitochondrial DNA, part healthy) were offered PGT, and patients with homoplasmy or elevated heteroplasmy (all or mostly pathogenic mitochondrial DNA) were offered pronuclear transfer.”

    Costs

    “The money cost is presumably significant. The work was funded by Wellcome and NHS England and carried out by Newcastle University, UK and the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Presumably they could give an idea of the cost. This might be considered important, in an environment of limited resources for national healthcare.

    Possible harms

    “Because these babies would not exist without the MRT intervention, we want to know about possible problems; in medicine the saying is “First, do no harm”, though in current healthcare, harm is often inevitable. While the babies so far seem probably unaffected, assessing the potential for future harm as they develop by looking at the degree of heteroplasmy in the infants is a large part of the reason for the publications.

    “Measurements were on white blood cells so we don’t know about tissue mosaicism, which is where you can have high heteroplasmy in some tissues and low in others, and is common in many mitochondrial diseases. In tissues demanding high energy production (e.g. neurons), lower levels of heteroplasmy can still be symptomatic. In a mouse model, a proportion of >20% energy-deficient neurons in the brain was necessary for observable symptoms.

    “Three of eight newborns from MRT had heteroplasmy levels of 5%, 12%, and 16% (the other five were

    “All of these things were mostly known before these publications, so apparently the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA), who approved it, is happy with the cost-benefit ratio. It also appears that other countries also approve, because the technique is spreading; there is a clinic in North Cyprus, and Prof Mary Herbert, the study’s lead, has moved to a pioneer institution in IVF, Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, partly to introduce a mitochondrial replacement program.”

     

    Prof Joanna Poulton, Professor and Honorary Consultant in Mitochondrial Genetics, Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, said:

    “From this study, it isn’t clear that MD (mitochondrial donation)  has any advantage over PGT (pre-implantation genetic testing, an alternative strategy) for heteroplasmic mtDNA disorders (where patients have mixtures of normal and mutant mtDNA and severity depends on the “dose” of mutant). The “take home baby” rate and the reduction in mutant load is similar (if anything less good for MD).

    “MD has a clear theoretical advantage for homoplasmic disorders (where the mother’s mtDNA is 100% mutant), because while PGT while can be used to reduce risk, it cannot be used to reduce the load of mutant mtDNA. Over half of the MD children were from Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) families, where the chance of male offspring going blind in adolescence is around 20% but only 4% for females. The risk of blindness can be reduced 5 fold using PGT to select female embryos, but they risk transmitting it to their children. Happily, male identical twins were born by MD with undetectable mutant mtDNA, they will be very low risk for blindness and as males, they will not transmit the problem to their children (because LHON is a maternally transmitted disorder). Slightly worryingly, one baby from a m.4300A>G family, where the mother has a heart disorder (cardiomyopathy) for which she may ultimately need a heart transplant, has an unspecified heart defect: they conclude it is probably unrelated to m.4300A>G but this remains uncertain. Another from a m.3260A>G family had a mutant load of 16% in blood. While this probably means the risk of symptoms is low, one symptomatic m.3260A>G woman had a blood level that was lower than this (11% with 81% in muscle).  Happily, male identical twins were born by MD with undetectable mutant mtDNA, they will be very low risk for blindness and as males, they will not transmit the problem to their children because LHON is a maternally transmitted disorder.

    “A great deal of research funding has been channelled into the centre that has developed MD. While this has generated fascinating scientific data and this treatment option is now available on the NHS, it hasn’t yet resulted in a dramatic clinical advance. Time will tell.”

    Prof Dusko Ilic, Professor of Stem Cell Science, King’s College London, said:

    “A remarkable accomplishment! State-of-the-art technology. Kudos to the team!”

     

    Prof Dagan Wells, Professor of Reproductive Genetics, University of Oxford, and Director, Juno Genetics, Oxford, said:

    “This is an important study which has been eagerly anticipated ever since the first license to carry out mitochondrial replacement therapy to avoid mitochondrial disease was granted eight years ago.

    “The results indicate that established methods for avoiding mitochondrial DNA diseases, such as preimplantation genetic testing, perform well and will be suitable for most women at risk of having an affected child.

    “A minority of patients are unable to produce any embryos free of mitochondrial disease, and for those women the study provides hope that they may be able to have healthy children in the future.

    “The treatment has succeeded in producing 8 babies, and although mitochondrial DNA mutations can be detected in the cells of most of the children, the great majority of their mitochondria are functional, and consequently they do not have mitochondrial disease.

    “The published results are very valuable, but some scientists will be a little disappointed that so much time and effort has, so far, only led to the birth of 8 children.

    “Larger studies will be needed to truly understand the value of mitochondrial replacement therapy, and to understand whether there are any risks associated with the treatment.

    “Three of the eight children born have some evidence of ‘reversal’, a phenomenon where the therapy initially succeeds in producing an embryo with very few defective mitochondria, but by the time the child is born the proportion of abnormal mitochondria in its cells has significantly increased.

    “It is not understood why reversal sometimes occurs. Taking data from the new study as well as previous research, it seems that it may affect as many as one-third of embryos produced using mitochondrial replacement therapy. Importantly, all the children in the study have low levels of abnormal mitochondria in their cells, including those where a degree of reversal has occurred. However, the fact that reversal can happen suggests there is a chance that mitochondrial replacement therapy might occasionally fail, and consequently the procedure should be seen as a way of reducing the risk of mitochondrial disease inheritance, not guaranteeing it.”

    Dr Andy Greenfield, Honorary Fellow at the Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, said:

    “Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles of the body’s cells.  They contain DNA (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA) and as such are prone to changes to that DNA (mutations) that can disrupt mitochondrial function and cause disease. The paper by Hyslop et al describes the first clinical use in the UK of a technique – mitochondrial donation (MD) – aimed at reducing the risk of transmitting a class of mitochondrial diseases (mtDNA diseases) from mother to offspring. This is an often devastating and life-limiting group of diseases for which no curative treatments exist. The specific technique described, based on IVF, is pronuclear transfer (PNT), one of the two MD techniques made lawful in the UK in 2015. The last preclinical review of the safety and effectiveness of MD, commissioned by the HFEA and published in 2016, recommended its clinical use as a risk reduction strategy – to be used only in those women for whom preimplantation genetic testing (PGT, an established procedure that is used to detect genetic abnormalities, including the amount of disease-causing (pathogenic) mtDNA, in an embryo) followed by selection of an embryo with low levels of pathogenic mtDNA for transfer was unlikely to be a successful strategy i.e. only in those women with high levels of pathogenic mtDNA (elevated heteroplasmy) in all eggs or with exclusively pathogenic mtDNA in their eggs (homoplasmy). This cautious approach is at the heart of this new report, which, along with an accompanying paper by McFarland et al, assesses MD alongside PGT in an integrated programme performed at Newcastle Fertility Centre, UK, under the regulatory framework developed by the HFEA.

    “Whilst PGT for mtDNA is an established procedure that acts as a useful comparator, the attention here will be rightly focused on the MD clinical data: 22 women at high risk of transmitting mitochondrial disease to their offspring were treated using PNT, resulting in 8 live births and one ongoing pregnancy. Firstly, this headline result alone is highly significant: PNT is compatible with embryo viability in humans. Secondly, levels of pathogenic mtDNA (in blood) from the infants varied from 0% to 16%. Whilst the last figure hints at a degree of reversion to the maternal mtDNA type, it is also sufficiently low to conclude that the procedure has successfully reduced the risk of mtDNA in all children born. The amount of maternal mtDNA could, however, vary from tissue to tissue and so follow-up of these children is vitally important. McFarland et al report that none of the children has any health condition that could be straightforwardly attributed to the presence of mtDNA disease. As the authors note, there are reasons to be optimistic about the outcome of this first MD treatment in the UK.

    “The data in the last paragraph, whilst summarised very briefly, are the culmination of decades of work: from the earliest investigations in mice aimed at understanding the impacts of nuclear transfer, through to targeted experiments in human embryos to provide preclinical evidence of safety and effectiveness. But this is to focus only on some of the scientific/technical challenges that have been overcome. There were parallel activities over a similar time frame concerning ethical inquiry, public and patient engagement, law-making, drafting of regulations and execution of those regulations by committees. And last but not least: the careful establishment of a clinical pathway by which the health of the mothers and infants born could be monitored and they could be cared for (detailed in McFarland et al). This all represents a vast amount of work by a large number of people over a long period.

    “The Hyslop et al paper itself is a treasure trove of data, which will likely to be the starting points of new avenues of research and opportunities for refinement. What is the explanation for the somewhat elevated maternal mtDNA levels (still beneath the clinical threshold for disease) detected in two babies born following PNT? Further studies of mitochondrial DNA replication, segregation and interaction with the nuclear DNA may provide clues. The reduction in normally fertilized eggs in the PNT group also requires explanation and may indicate that some mtDNA pathogenic variants can compromise fertilisation of the egg, which is an energy-demanding process. This observation opens up a whole area of research concerning the role of played by mitochondria in fertility. Of course, numbers analysed here are still low and a larger and more diverse cohort will be required to draw firm conclusions about efficacy and safety of MD at a population level. We can look forward to future assessments of maternal spindle transfer (the other lawful MD technique in the UK) and even, possibly, the use of targeted, enzymatic degradation of pathogenic mtDNA to eliminate the risk of carry-over and reversion.

    “How do we summarise what this all means? It is a triumph of scientific innovation in the IVF clinic – a world-first that shows that the UK is an excellent environment in which to push boundaries in IVF; a tour de force by the embryologists who painstakingly developed and optimised the micromanipulation methods; an example of the value of clinical expertise, developed over decades of working with children and adults suffering from these devastating diseases, being used to support a new intervention and subsequent follow-up, potentially for many years. And it is so much more, depending on whether one’s perspective is that of an historian, sociologist, ethicist or philosopher. It is tempting to suggest that this report marks the end of a process – but it is actually the beginning, of a new era in which technologies that change how we think about human reproduction are introduced into a tightly regulated environment – the only way in which they should be introduced.

    “In time, there will no doubt be retrospective studies and assessments of how all this was done – some critical – and there will be much to learn. It is hoped that other papers will follow, detailing different aspects of the process by which these first UK children were born, because this whole exercise has been a steep learning curve for all involved and future progress relies on such learning being shared. Safety assessment should be at the heart of all these and future reports. Some may wonder about the time taken for these current reports to see the light of day – but that would be to underestimate what is required to transition from preclinical research activities in an academic setting to offering a bona fide clinical service on the NHS (with the spanner of COVID-19 thrown into the works for good measure). Others will wonder whether supporting the desire to have biological children merits all this time and effort, when ‘unmet clinical need’ is the focus and budgetary constraints are the norm. But this evaluation unnecessarily attempts to marginalise a human activity – ‘having children’ – that is actually central to the health and wellbeing of a significant proportion of the population. And those ordinary resemblances that parents and children often share also matter to them. Of course, the results of clinical follow-up of the children born using PNT will be a major determinant of the future prospects for mitochondrial donation in the IVF clinic, as this report acknowledges.

    “There will be many responses to this work, but I see these reports, despite their matter-of-fact understatement, as an extraordinary reminder of what well intentioned science, collaborating with medicine, can do to improve the lives of human beings.”

    Mr Stuart Lavery, Divisional Clinical Director Women’s Health and Consultant in Reproductive Medicine/Honorary Associate Professor, University College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, said:

    “The concept of nuclear transfer has attracted much commentary and occasionally concern and anxiety.

    “The Newcastle team have demonstrated that it can be used in a clinically effective and ethically acceptable way to prevent disease and suffering.

    “The HFEA has shown that regulation need not always be restrictive, and that permissive regulation can lead to innovation at the highest level, allowing scientists to push boundaries, patients to be successfully treated and the public to be reassured.

    “This truly represents the very best of British science and regulation.”

    Prof Bert Smeets, Professor in Clinical Genomics with focus on Mitochondrial Diseases, said:

    “These are papers, the scientific community has waited for, for a long time, as they describe the experience of the Newcastle team on pronuclear transfer to prevent the transmission of mtDNA disease, for which they got approval in 2017. The papers describe the current experience in PNT and PGT for preventing the transmission of mtDNA disease. It is good to present a reproductive care pathway, although it is not fully complete and some of the criteria might be reevaluated based on the presented data. The care pathway starts with carriers of mtDNA mutations. I would also include women who have affected children with de novo mtDNA mutations. This concerns about 25% of the mtDNA patients. The recurrence risk is low and generally prenatal diagnosis is offered for reassurance. Furthermore, women with a very low mtDNA mutation load, with skewing mtDNA mutations or large scale deletions could also opt for prenatal diagnosis. For a reproductive care pathway for mtDNA disease, these groups should be included as well. It is clear that for the remainder according to the HFEA guidelines PNT should only be offered if PGT is unsuitable. It is great that the PNT as an addition to the reproductive choices for mtDNA disease seems to deliver as 8 children without the mtDNA condition were born. However, there are still concerns, as 2 PNT children had a higher mutation load than the carry-over, which means that reversal can occur and could be a risk for having affected children in future treatments. Also, two children had rare medical complications, which according to the authors were not related to the treatment, as this would then be expected for all of them. I do not think that is true as technical variation occurs and donors will be different. It is good to carefully monitor this, as one of the aims of HFEA guided clinical application is to find-out if PNT by itself is safe, not only to prevent mtDNA disease. The discussion on this is not very strong. Finally, a key unanswered question is why it took so long to come out with these results. Eight births with no mtDNA disease in 7 years deviates largely from the expected150 yearly births, as described by the same group in NEJM in 2015, if all women would opt for this procedure. It seems that the children born are quite recent (only one >18 months), so one wonders if there is a learning curve, change in procedure or whatsoever, explaining the increasing success rate. It would be fair to discuss this in more detail as it would make it much clearer and more realistic which women of the target group will benefit from MD. And that is still a positive message.”

    Comments on the broader story:

    Kevin McEleny, Chair, British Fertility Society, said:

    “These landmark papers provide compelling evidence that mitochondrial donation through pronuclear transfer can massively reduce the transmission of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA variants and are a terrific example of how a regulatory framework can be adapted to permit world-leading scientific discovery. Although the number of babies conceived through this novel treatment is small and their long-term follow-up will be required, the study provides hope to people affected by mitochondrial DNA disease and their loved ones.”

    Sarah Norcross, Director of the Progress Educational Trust (PET), said:

    “We could not be more delighted by the news that eight babies with donated mitochondria have been born in the UK, and that all of these children have made normal developmental progress.

    “Our charity spent many years campaigning for UK law to be changed, to permit the use of mitochondrial donation in treatment. We salute the patients who had the courage to attempt these novel treatments, and we thank the team at Newcastle for justifying patients’ confidence in them.

    “Mitochondrial donation will not necessarily be appropriate for every patient who carries disease-causing mitochondrial DNA mutations – rather, its appropriateness depends on various factors that are explored in detail in the new studies. Importantly, the studies place mitochondrial donation within the context of a broader NHS care pathway, that offers a variety of options for people carrying mitochondrial DNA mutations who wish to have children.

    “Nonetheless, the studies demonstrate that mitochondrial donation is a feasible option – indeed, a positive reproductive choice – for some patients. An important consideration is that women considering mitochondrial donation are advised to start their fact-finding early, because of the decline of egg quality with age.

    “The medical and scientific work at Newcastle, and the policy and legal work that preceded it, have set a high standard for introducing new reproductive technology in a careful and scrupulously regulated way. We are pleased to see that Australia is following a similarly responsible path, having recently introduced its own law that permits the use of mitochondrial donation for the purpose of avoiding mitochondrial disease.

    “The work at Newcastle will no doubt inform – and in future, will perhaps also be informed by – the mitoHOPE pilot programme for mitochondrial donation in Australia.”

    Nick Meade, Chief Executive Genetic Alliance, said:

    “Most rare conditions do not yet have a cure or treatment, so for families affected, reproductive choice techniques are the only opportunities to take control of the impact of the condition. For serious conditions caused by nuclear DNA, these opportunities have existed for many years (through preimplantation genetic testing), with today’s news, we know more families have that opportunity now. These techniques have the potential to work for hundreds of conditions caused by mitochondrial DNA, and they are an example of how innovative research can be applied to take steps forward for multiple rare conditions in parallel. With more than 7,000 rare conditions affecting people in the UK, we need this kind of progress.”

    Beth Thompson, Executive Director for Policy & Partnerships at Wellcome, said:  

    “This is a remarkable scientific achievement, which has been years in the making and we are overjoyed for the families of the eight children born so far.  

    “The pioneering work behind mitochondrial donation is a powerful example of how discovery research can change lives. The UK has led the way and has demonstrated the importance of science grounded in close and careful co-ordination between researchers, funders and regulators – and, very importantly, working closely with families affected. 

    “Wellcome has proudly supported this work since the earliest days, including advocating for legislation and licensing. As the science progresses, we will continue championing brave investment in science and for policy and regulation to keep pace. The success of this research should inspire us move forward on other updates, opening the way for further innovation. The groundwork for review of Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act, for example, has been done, it now needs to move forward. We must ensure the UK stays a world leader in life sciences.” 

    Danielle Hamm, Director of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics, said:

    “Today we have seen the first evidence that for a small number of UK families the use of pronuclear transfer (PNT) to prevent the transfer of maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA disorders has resulted in what everyone hoped it would: children who are thriving and appear free of the devastating symptoms of mitochondrial disease.

    “The Nuffield Council on Bioethics’ landmark ethical review of techniques for the prevention of maternally inherited mitochondrial disorders has been instrumental in creating the right regulatory environment to allow this innovative treatment to reach the clinic and change lives for the better.

    “The HFEA’s licensing conditions followed our recommendation and ensured that PNT is only available through a specialist centre. The establishment of the NHS Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Reproductive Care Pathway has ensured that families referred to the service are fully supported and have access to appropriate information, and that long term follow up of participants has been secured.

    “We welcome this great progress, but continued follow-up is crucially important to inform our understanding of the long-term efficacy of the treatment.”

    Peter Thompson, Chief Executive of the HFEA, said:

    “Ten years ago, the UK was the first country in the world to licence mitochondrial donation treatment to avoid passing the condition to children. For the first time, families with severe inherited mitochondrial illness have the possibility of a healthy child. Although it’s still early days, it is wonderful news that mitochondrial donation treatment has led to eight babies being born.

    “Only people who are at a very high risk of passing a serious mitochondrial disease onto their children are eligible for this treatment in the UK, and every application for mitochondrial donation treatment is individually assessed in accordance with the law. These robust but flexible regulatory processes allow the technique to be used safely for the purposes that Parliament agreed in 2015.”

    Prof Frances Flinter, Chair of the HFEA’s Statutory Approvals Committee, said:

    “We are pleased to see the peer-reviewed papers published in the New England Journal of Medicine that explain what has happened to those patients who the HFEA authorised to have mitochondrial donation treatment at the Newcastle Centre at Life. These are patients for whom there was no other option to have a healthy baby who is genetically related to them, and we are delighted for those families.

    “The HFEA will continue to oversee the safe use of mitochondrial donation treatment and assess each application as families come through the programme. These results are testimony to how the UK continues to be a world leader in the use of new medical techniques to change lives.”

    Comment from the editor of the journal the papers are published in (so NOT third party):

    Eric Rubin, MD, PhD, Editor-in-Chief, The New England Journal of Medicine, said:

    “These studies unite scientific rigor, clinical innovation, and deep ethical reflection to illustrate the full research continuum from bench to bedside. At the New England Journal of Medicine, we chose to publish this work in its full context, not only to highlight the outcomes, but also to surface the critical questions it raises about translating breakthroughs into patient care. Where allowed by government regulations, this research has the potential to prevent serious inherited disease and gives parents truly meaningful new options for their children. Its publication also reminds us that preserving the infrastructure and integrity of biomedical research in the U.S. and around the world is essential if we are to continue delivering such transformative treatments to patients.”

    Comments via colleagues at other international SMCs:

    Prof. Dr. Marcus Deschauer, Head of the Working Group on Rare Hereditary Neurological Diseases and Senior Physician at the Clinic and Polyclinic for Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), said:

    “To my knowledge, this is the first publication of a larger cohort of families/mothers with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disorders who have given birth to children after pre-implantation genetic diagnosis or mitochondrial donation. The work is therefore very important for assessing the effectiveness and risks of these methods in practice.”

    “Per se, the study includes well-studied families with reliable data, but it was not possible to prevent the transmission of the disease-causing mtDNA variants in all families.””A certain carry-over of mtDNA with a disease-causing variant occurs during pre-cell nucleus transfer. It cannot be ruled out that the proportion of mutated mtDNA will continue to increase over the course of a lifetime after carry-over. However, this is unlikely: for example, in patients with the m.3243A>G variant, the degree of heteroplasmy in the blood decreases over the course of life.“

    ”The follow-up periods are not yet sufficient to assess the risks of later disease. Manifestation of an mtDNA disease at a later stage is conceivable in children.””A pathological mtDNA variant is identified in women who can pass it on by means of molecular genetic testing if the woman has symptoms of a mitochondriopathy. There are also cases in which molecular genetic diagnostics are performed for another indication – such as the search for another genetic disease – and a pathological mtDNA is detected. However, according to the ACMG recommendations, this should not be disclosed by genetic laboratories.“

    ”Until now, the lack of data has made it difficult to advise women with mitochondrial diseases on their desire to have children. The DGN guideline ‘Mitochondrial Diseases’ states: ‘Human genetic counselling is particularly complex when it comes to the desire to have children. Prenatal diagnosis can be routinely performed for nuclear mutations, but is more limited for mutations of mitochondrial DNA. The data on preimplantation diagnosis as a means of preventing or reducing the risk of inheritance of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations is extremely limited, and the method is subject to the Preimplantation Diagnosis Ordinance in Germany. These two studies from Newcastle are helpful for counselling.“

    ”Whether a woman with mtDNA disease can expect an uncomplicated pregnancy also depends on the manifestation/severity of the woman’s disease. In cases of significant muscle weakness (including respiratory muscle weakness), this may increase during pregnancy. Natural childbirth may be difficult, making a caesarean section necessary.”

    “If the mitochondrial donation procedure were also permitted in Germany, this would be an option for selected women with an mtDNA disease to significantly reduce the risk of passing on a disease-causing mtDNA variant with a heteroplasmy level above a disease-causing threshold. This would increase the chances of healthy children for families.”

    “However, the data from Newcastle do not suggest that the methods used can guarantee that the disease will not be passed on. In some mtDNA variants, the severity of the disease clearly depends on the degree of heteroplasmy in the blood, so that a reduction in the degree of heteroplasmy in such cases could lead to a milder form of the disease in children.”

    “In the short term, there are no good therapeutic methods for treating mtDNA diseases, so preventing the transmission of mtDNA diseases is the better option. I also consider it difficult to successfully treat children who have inherited an mtDNA variant in the medium term, as gene therapy must reach the DNA in the mitochondria. There is the example of 5q-associated spinal muscular atrophy, in which infants diagnosed in newborn screening can be treated very successfully. Unfortunately, this is not expected to be the case for mtDNA diseases in the near future.””I consider it unlikely that the two children who were symptomatic have a maternally inherited mitochondriopathy. In the case of the child with epilepsy, I would even classify this as very unlikely. I consider the authors’ assessment that the reproductive technology procedure itself or pregnancy complications or metabolic disorders in the mother may be responsible for the symptoms of the two children to be plausible.”

     

    Nuno Costa-Borges, researcher and embryologist, scientific director and CEO of Embryotools, Barcelona Science Park, says:

    “As a pioneering center in mitochondrial replacement therapies (MRT), Embryotools welcomes the recent publication by Hyslop et al. in The New England Journal of Medicine, reporting outcomes from pronuclear transfer (PNT) to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disease. The study reports the birth of eight babies—four girls and four boys, including one set of identical twins—born to seven women at high risk of transmitting severe mtDNA disorders. Importantly, all infants are healthy and show no signs of mitochondrial disease. However, the detection of low-level postnatal mtDNA heteroplasmy (“reversal”) in 3 of the 8 infants (5%–16%) deserves particular discussion.

    “Due to UK regulations that prohibit testing for heteroplasmy in embryos, the timing of this reversal could not be pinpointed. Their analysis relied on arrested embryos and blood samples from newborns, which limits interpretation. In contrast, our recent pilot trial using maternal spindle transfer (MST)—a form of MRT where mitochondrial replacement occurs in the oocyte before fertilization—in infertile patients led to seven live births, two of which also showed reversal, a comparable frequency. However, our approach included direct assessment of heteroplasmy in blastocysts and, longitudinally, in multiple tissues including amniotic fluid. This allowed us to accurately define that reversal occurred between the blastocyst stage and mid-gestation (~15 weeks), reinforcing the importance of prenatal testing to detect reversal early and guide clinical decision-making. In our study, all infants are also healthy and have been followed up showing no adverse events.

    “This phenomenon—mtDNA ‘reversal’—has previously been described in human cells in vitro but not in MRT-derived children. Minimal levels of maternal mtDNA carryover can expand substantially, potentially compromising the efficacy of MRTs to prevent mitochondrial disease. The biological mechanisms underlying this selective amplification remain unclear but appear to occur early in development, and instances may therefore be detectable using prenatal testing. It is worth noting that the impact of mtDNA reversal in infertility treatments is likely less concerning, as maternal mtDNA in these cases does not carry pathogenic mutations. Moreover, with appropriate matching of mtDNA haplotypes between the mother and donor, the biological consequences of low-level heteroplasmy could be further minimized or even rendered clinically irrelevant.

    “Currently, only the UK and Australia have regulated the use of MRT to prevent transmission of mtDNA mutations. We believe that other countries should adopt similar regulatory models. In particular, MRT should also be contemplated for infertility treatment. Infertility is a disease recognized by the WHO, and MRT can offer a genetic link to the mother for patients who would otherwise rely on egg donation. This justification aligns with the ethical principles underpinning MRT for disease prevention. As a pioneer group in this technology, Spain should lead in regulating these applications to ensure patient safety and prevent reproductive tourism to countries where such techniques may be offered without appropriate oversight.

    “In light of these findings, we reaffirm the urgent need to continue performing well-regulated, larger, long-term studies to fully evaluate the safety, efficacy, and clinical implications of MRTs. Ongoing research under appropriate oversight is essential to ensure the responsible development of these technologies, improve genetic counseling, and support informed decision-making by patients and clinicians alike.

    “We also advocate for thoughtful regulatory evolution that upholds patient autonomy, scientific excellence, and the principle of reproductive justice.”

    Dr. Dunja M. Baston-Büst, Deputy Head of the IVF Laboratory, UniCareD Cryobank, and UniKiD Research, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany, said:

    “Since there are currently no curative therapies for mitochondrial diseases, advances in assisted reproductive technology open up new possibilities for reducing the transmission of such variants. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, which is commonly used to detect defects in nuclear DNA, can also be used to identify embryos with a low proportion of maternal pathogenic mitochondrial DNA variants, thereby reducing the risk of disease.

    “The replacement of the donor’s zygote pronuclei with the patient’s pronuclei was successful in 127 of 160 cases (79.4 per cent). Of the 127 embryos resulting from this, 122 (96.1 per cent) were still intact on the following day (day 1). The number of intact zygotes per pre-nuclear transfer performed (33 procedures in total) ranged from zero to seven.

    “In 37 of the 39 patients (95 per cent) in the preimplantation diagnosis group, the embryos were assessed on the third day after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). For preimplantation diagnosis, a blastomere was biopsied on day three of embryonic development and transfer was usually performed in the fresh cycle after analysis of the mitochondrial DNA from the blastomere.

    “Implementation in Germany is not possible under the current legal requirements (Embryo Protection Act), as egg donation is prohibited.

    “The earlier and more severe a mitochondrial disease occurs, the earlier patients can be identified. Patients in Germany receive comprehensive human genetic or interdisciplinary counselling in accordance with the current S1 guideline ‘Mitochondrial Diseases’. A decision regarding the options for reproductive measures and possible preimplantation diagnosis is made in consultation with the patients and depending on the degree of heteroplasmy. Pre-implantation genetic screening is not possible in Germany due to the ban on egg donation. The alternatives are egg donation abroad or adoption.

    “A patient registry for mitochondrial diseases was established in Germany in 2009. It would be beneficial for reproductive medicine if reproductive outcomes were also collected there, or analysis results if preimplantation diagnosis was performed. Unfortunately, there is no cross-linking between the registries.
    “Furthermore, the search for biomarkers is generally supported in Germany in order to increase the diagnostic accuracy for mitochondrial diseases.

    “For reproductive medicine, I currently see no application of the technology presented in the study in Germany without a comprehensive revision of the Embryo Protection Act and the legalization of egg donation.

    “The new EU SOHO Regulation will come into force in the next few years. Its main purpose is to provide greater protection for the genetic background of children born from egg and sperm donation (in addition to the amendments to the sperm donation register), so that many questions will still arise in the case of three-parent constellations.

    “In mitochondrial donation using pre-nucleation transfer, the nuclear genome is transferred from a fertilized egg cell of the affected woman to an enucleated, fertilized egg cell from a healthy donor. The pronuclei are removed individually from the patients’ zygotes and, after brief treatment with a fusion agent (haemagglutinating virus from the Japanese shell), are placed together under the zona pellucida (protective shell around the egg cell; editor’s note) of the enucleated donor egg cell. Based on findings from preclinical studies, it is standard practice to freeze (vitrify) the eggs of patients for whom pre-nuclear transfer is planned, as donor eggs are not always available at the same time and in sufficient quantities.

    “Pathological variants of mitochondrial DNA can be either homoplasmic (present in all mitochondrial DNA copies) or heteroplasmic (present in only some of the copies). Homoplasmic variants are passed on completely to all offspring, but their expression (penetrance) can vary from individual to individual.

    “Clinical pregnancies were confirmed in eight of 22 patients (36 per cent) who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as part of preimplantation genetic testing, and in 16 of 39 patients (41 per cent) who underwent ICSI as part of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Pronuclear transfer resulted in eight live births and one ongoing pregnancy. PGD resulted in 18 live births.

    “Heteroplasmy levels in the blood of the eight infants after pronuclear transfer ranged from undetectable to 16 per cent. Compared to the enucleated zygotes, the proportion of diseased maternal mitochondrial DNA was reduced by 95 to 100 percent in six newborns and by 77 to 88 per cent in two newborns. Heteroplasmy data were also available for ten of the 18 infants after preimplantation genetic diagnosis, with values ranging from undetectable to seven percent.

    “For reasons that are still unclear, the small amount of transferred maternal mitochondrial DNA can rise to homoplasmic levels in about 20 per cent of embryonic stem cell lines derived from embryos after mitochondrial donation. In addition, one in six infants born after maternal spindle transfer for the treatment of infertility had elevated heteroplasmy levels (40 to 60 per cent) of maternal mtDNA. These observations raise the question of whether mitochondrial donation can reliably prevent the transmission of diseased mitochondrial DNA in all cases, especially in homoplasmic variants.

    “Approximately one in 5,000 people develop a mitochondrial disease, making it one of the most common hereditary diseases, although the symptoms can often vary greatly. The symptoms of mitochondrial diseases are very diverse and can affect various organs, for example the muscles with muscle weakness and pain, the nervous system with encephalopathy, epilepsy and neurological disorders, the heart with heart muscle disease, the eyes with blindness and visual impairment, the ears with hearing loss and the endocrine system with diabetes mellitus.

    “Other examples of mitochondriopathies with named syndromes include: autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) with slowly progressive, usually bilateral, central vision loss; Kearns-Sayre syndrome with cardiac conduction disorders, degenerative changes in the retina, and external ophthalmoplegia; chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, which is an incomplete form of Kearns-Sayre syndrome and is characterized by external ophthalmoplegia; MERRF syndrome with cerebellar ataxia, myoclonus, generalized seizures, short stature, and dementia; MELAS syndrome with seizures, dementia, and headaches.

    “In addition to the disease entities listed here, there are a number of other, sometimes very rare syndromes that can be classified as mitochondriopathies but have often been little researched or not yet described.”

    Dr Holger Prokisch, Head of the Mitochondrial Genetics Research Group, Helmholtz Centre Munich – German Research Centre for Health and Environment, Munich, said:“The field of mitochondrial medicine has been eagerly awaiting the results of this study. The robust data describe a real breakthrough for women with a (nearly) homoplasmic pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variant in terms of their ability to probably have healthy genetically related children. The risk of the children to develop the disease after preimplantation genetic testing is minimal. All gene variants tested require very high heteroplasmy for the disease to manifest, or are typically homoplasmic.“”There is an observation in the literature that in a few cases, the mother’s mutated DNA is revised. Interestingly, this also involves an LHON mutation (Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy) [3] [4], which is almost always homoplasmic in the population and, according to recent data, has a low penetrance of less than five percent for LHON disease [5] (only five percent of gene carriers also develop the disease; editor’s note). In this respect, the selection of mutation carriers for this study with four LHON mutations is not entirely fortunate. The homoplasmy of the LHON variants suggests that they may offer a selective advantage [6]. Since mitochondrial transfer does not eliminate the mutation, there is a risk that the mutation will be passed on to the next generation. This often leads to significant shifts in heteroplasmy, sometimes to the detriment of patients. However, disease-causing variants tend to have a selection pressure [6].“Human studies show no risk of incompatibility between the donor mtDNA and the parents’ nuclear DNA.””There is no newborn screening for mitochondrial DNA mutations. Women are identified as mutation carriers when they or one of their children develop the disease. Prediction or risk assessment for the next generation is difficult for mtDNA mutations in the mother. Many centers for mitochondrial diseases work with the group in Newcastle to provide information about the options available there or to offer preimplantation genetic diagnosis.”[3] Hudson G et al. (2019): Reversion after replacement of mitochondrial DNA. Nature. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1623-3.
    [4] Kang E et al. (2016): Mitochondrial replacement in human oocytes carrying pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations. Nature. DOI: 10.1038/nature20592.
    [5] Mackey DA et al. (2022): Is the disease risk and penetrance in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy actually low?. The American Journal of Human Genetics. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.11.014.
    [6] Kotrys AV et al. (2024): Single-cell analysis reveals context-dependent, cell-level selection of mtDNA. Nature. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07332-0.

    Prof. Dr. Nils-Göran Larsson, Group Leader “Maintenance and expression of mtDNA in disease and ageing”, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska-Institut, Stockholm, Schweden, said:
    “The study in NEJM is very important and represents a breakthrough in mitochondrial medicine. It should be remembered mitochondrial diseases can be devastating and cause substantial suffering in affected children, sometimes leading to an early death. Families are profoundly affected and the paper in NEJM describe how birth of affected children can be prevented by mitochondrial donation.

    “This advanced procedure is not a disease-treatment but rather an intervention that minimizes the transmission of mutated mtDNA from mother to child. For affected families this is a very important reproductive option. The paper describes a relatively small series of 8 babies born after mitochondrial donation by pronuclear transfer. The paper is carefully done and of very high quality but as always in science the results need to be confirmed by independent studies. Also, long-term clinical follow-up studies of born babies will give additional information about the safety and efficacy of mitochondrial donation.”

    “Before this procedure was applied to human reproduction there was a very long development and evaluation process. There has been a lot of constructive discussion in the scientific community, and the UK Parliament approved legislation allowing mitochondrial donation in 2015.”

    “Mitochondrial donation by the pronuclear transfer procedure always leads to carry-over of some mitochondria from the mother and mutant mtDNA can be transferred. The data presented in the NEJM paper shows that mutant mtDNA was not detected in blood of 5 of the born children. However, in three children, low levels of mutant mtDNA were detected in blood. These low levels of mutant mtDNA are unlikely to cause mitochondrial disease but additional follow-up studies are needed. As pointed out by the authors, the mitochondrial donation by pronuclear transfer should be regarded as a risk-reduction strategy. As always, when it comes to new medical procedures there is a need for validation by independent studies. Also, additional long-term follow-up studies of children born after mitochondrial donation will be needed.”

    “The authors report that the transferred mtDNA has no mutations and the donor mtDNA is therefore unlikely to cause disease or impact ageing. During normal ageing, mtDNA acquires mutations (somatic mutations), e.g., during the massive cell division when the embryo is formed and develops. These mutations are typically present at low levels but accumulate to high levels in a subset of cells in many different ageing tissues. The mitochondrial donation involves transfer of mtDNA without mutations and there is no reason to believe that the donor mtDNA will additionally impact the ageing process.”

    “When it comes disease-causing mtDNA mutations that are present in all copies (i.e., homoplasmic mtDNA mutations) there is currently no alternative to mitochondrial donation to prevent transmission of mutated mtDNA from mother to child. It is possible that alternate methods will be available in the future, e.g., correction of mutant mtDNA by gene editing techniques. There are currently a few promising pharmacological therapies for mitochondrial disease, e.g., nucleoside therapy for mtDNA depletion disorders. It is likely that more treatments will be available in the near future because this field is rapidly developing.”

    Prof. Dr. Heidi Mertes, Associate Professor in Medical Ethics, Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Ghent University, Belgien, said:

    “I am happy to see that the first results from the Newcastle University group are now finally published, after being granted a license by the HFEA in 2017, and that the eight resulting children are in good health. However, while the results show that the technique is feasible and can lead to a substantial reduction of the mutation load in the resulting children, it also shows that we need to tread very carefully.”

    “In line with previous research by the group of Nuno Costa-Borges [1], this research confirms the possibility of reversal (meaning that although there is only a small fraction of the intended mother’s mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the embryo, this fraction sometimes increases substantially as the foetus develops), which could still result in mitochondrial diseases in the resulting children. Fortunately, preliminary research does indicate that while the mutation loads appear to increase between the embryonic phase and birth, they appear to remain stable after birth.”

    “These are very important results as there was a lot of uncertainty over the safety of MRT. Using PGT when possible and reserving MRT for those cases in which PGT cannot offer a solution was a prudent approach given the experimental nature of MRT. It will be interesting to see more data in the future on whether reversal is more frequent in MRT or PGT, so that the safest procedure can be selected.”

    “Although the heteroplasmy-levels are limited in this study, it does show that reversal is a real danger for the offspring, which can have serious health implications. At least three things follow from this.”

    “First, people entering into this and future clinical trials will need to be extensively counselled that this is not a risk-elimination treatment, but a risk-reduction treatment.”
    “Second, we need more research into the mechanisms that trigger reversal, so that it can be prevented before this technique is implemented in routine care + We need follow-up research in the children born after MRT.”

    “Third, it is important to keep in mind that by framing this as a risk-reduction strategy, we are ignoring the possibility of conceiving through a traditional egg donation procedure. While genetic parenthood is evidently important to many people, the trade-off that we are making here is that between a genetically related child with a high risk of mitochondrial disease (natural conception), a genetically related child with a reduced risk of mitochondrial disease (PGT or MRT) and a non-genetically related child with the near-absence of a risk of mitochondrial disease (through donor conception). If people who would have chosen for donor conception now opt for MRT, this is actually a risk-increasing technology, rather than a risk-reducing one.”

    “This strategy lowers the risk of mitochondrial disorders in the children when the point of comparison is natural reproduction by the parents, but the safest option is still donor conception, which eliminates the risk of passing on the mitochondrial condition, rather than reducing it.”

    “While the donor plays an essential role in the birth of the child, attributing them a parenthood-status based on a small genetic contribution appears unwarranted. At the same time it would be correct to call them a ‘genetic progenitor’ or ‘genetic contributor’.”

    “While the group of Nuno Costa-Borges ([1] [2]) received a lot of backlash for performing their MRT clinical trial in people with repeated IVF failure, rather than people with mitochondrial diseases, we must acknowledge in hindsight that given the phenomenon of reversal, their approach might have been the more prudent one. In their study they observed reversal in one infant going from

    [1] Costa-Borges N et al. (2023): First pilot study of maternal spindle transfer for the treatment of repeated in vitro fertilization failures in couples with idiopathic infertility. Fertility and Sterility. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.02.008.
    [2] Savash M et al. (2025): Mitochondrial DNA ‘reversal’ is common in children born following meiotic spindle transfer, potentially reducing the efficacy of mitochondrial replacement therapies. Konferenzabstract.

    Prof David Thorburn, co-Group Leader of Brain & Mitochondrial Research at Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and the University of Melbourne, said:

    “Mitochondrial donation was legalised in the UK in 2015 and in Australia in 2022. It was clearly a complex process in the UK to develop the approvals processes, the clinical and lab pathways, cope with delays from COVID and accumulate sufficient outcomes to publish them without impinging on the privacy of the families involved.So it is very exciting to see the first publications describing results for the first 8 babies born in the UK program. The initial results demonstrate that the approach is effective in reducing the risk of having a child with mitochondrial DNA disease for women who are at high risk. For about three quarters of couples participating in the pronuclear transfer method, at least one suitable embryo was generated. About 40% of these couples had a baby and all were healthy and had undetectable or low levels of the abnormal mitochondrial DNA. Three babies had short-term symptoms that resolved and did not appear to relate to mitochondrial disease. All babies are developing normally to date, with the oldest 5 years of age.The studies emphasise that longer-term followup needs to be performed, and the efficiency of the method could be further improved to achieve higher pregnancy rates. They demonstrate the value of offering the program in conjunction with other reproductive options, such as pre-implantation genetic testing, which can be effective in women with lower risk. I regard these results as very encouraging and supporting the ongoing development and use of mitochondrial donation in the UK and Australia.

    Dr Santiago Restrepo Castillo, biomedical engineer and postdoctoral researcher at the University of Texas at Austin (USA), said:

    “Mitochondrial diseases are a group of chronic metabolic disorders that can be fatal. These diseases are caused by mutations in the human genome, which consists of nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA. In particular, metabolic disorders caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA, which affect one in five thousand people, are maternally inherited and currently incurable. In recent years, there have been major advancements in the development of strategies for the treatment or prevention of genetic disorders caused by mutations in nuclear DNA. In contrast, similar strategies for diseases caused by alterations in mitochondrial DNA have remained largely understudied. Aiming to establish a preventive strategy for metabolic diseases caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations, the authors of this pair of studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine developed an integrated program of preimplantation genetic testing and pronuclear transfer (PGT and PNT, respectively). In this program, female patients carrying mitochondrial mutations underwent PGT to identify embryos with low levels of mitochondrial DNA mutations. In cases where an embryo with these characteristics was identified, the embryo was implanted in the patient and the course of the pregnancy was monitored. In addition, in cases where it was not possible to identify embryos with low levels of genetic alterations, the patients underwent PNT, a procedure in which mitochondrial DNA without mutations is obtained from a donor. Encouragingly, through this integrated PGT and PNT program, at the time of publication, the authors have already demonstrated a significant reduction in the maternal transmission of mitochondrial mutations in eight cases. Furthermore, the children born from these cases have shown normal development. In conclusion, this study represents a major advancement in the field of medical genetics and genomics. Understanding the current limitations of mitochondrial gene editing, which would allow genetic alterations to be corrected in different contexts, the authors chose to explore a procedure that cuts the problem off at the root by preventing the transmission of the mutated genetic material. Furthermore, this pair of studies demonstrates clinical benefits in children who, without the integrated PGT and PNT program, would likely have been born with debilitating or fatal genetic mutations. It will be exciting to see if the benefits are maintained over time, and it will be critical to further develop this integrated process to increase its success rates”.

    Prof Lluís Montoliu, Research Professor at the National Biotechnology Centre (CNB-CSIC) and at the CIBERER-ISCIII, Spain, says:

    “In 2016, John Zhang, a specialist doctor at an assisted reproduction clinic in New York called the New Hope Fertility Center, crossed the border into Mexico to perform a procedure that was banned in the US and not yet regulated in Mexico. A couple from Jordan had come to this clinic hoping to have viable offspring. The couple had already had two children who had died from Leigh syndrome, one of several mitochondrial diseases that are often devastating and untreatable. Mitochondria (our energy factories) are usually inherited from the mother, from the egg. The mother had approximately 25% of her mitochondria affected, and these were the ones she had passed on to her two deceased children. Dr. Zhang did not use the procedure pioneered in the UK because of the couple’s Muslim faith, which opposed the destruction of human embryos. Instead, he chose to extract the nucleus from the mother’s egg (actually the metaphase plate, an incomplete nuclear division, which is the stage at which all eggs are ready for fertilization) and transferred it to the egg of another woman (with healthy mitochondria), from which he had also previously removed the nucleus. Once the nucleus from the mother had been transferred to the egg of the second woman, he used this resulting egg to perform in vitro fertilization with sperm from the father to obtain embryos. Dr. Zhang created five embryos in this way, only one of which developed normally, was implanted in the mother’s uterus, and resulted in the birth of a healthy baby. It was the first newborn obtained using the “three-parent technique”: two mothers and one father.

    “In the United Kingdom, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) had approved another procedure in 2015, technically different but also called the “three-parent technique,” to solve problems related to mitochondrial diseases. In this case, the father’s sperm is used to fertilize (through intracytoplasmic sperm injection, ICSI) two eggs, one from the mother carrying the affected mitochondria and one from another woman with healthy mitochondria. After fertilization begins, the two pronuclei (paternal and maternal) that appear temporarily are destined to fuse and form the first nucleus of the zygote. Before this happens, researchers can extract the two pronuclei from the in vitro fertilization between the mother’s egg and the father’s sperm and transfer them to the egg of the woman fertilized by the same sperm from the father, from which the pronuclei will have been previously removed. The result is that the egg with the woman’s healthy mitochondria hosts the two pronuclei of the couple, whose baby will be born without the mitochondrial genetic disease and will be genetically from both the father and the mother. The healthy mitochondria will come from the female donor. In this procedure, which is methodologically somewhat more aggressive than the previous one but less risky, one embryo is destroyed to create another, something that the Muslim couple assisted by Dr. Zhang considered unacceptable. The first baby in the United Kingdom obtained through the authorized British three-parent procedure was born in 2023.

    “Ten years later [after the approval of this technique in the UK], a team of British and Australian doctors and researchers published the results of applying the British “three-parent” technique to 22 women carrying pathogenic mutations in their mitochondria (and therefore at high risk of having children born with these incurable diseases) in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM). Of the 22 women treated, only 8 gave birth (36%), and one more pregnancy is still in progress. The eight babies born are healthy, with no signs or very low levels of affected mitochondria, which are not sufficient to cause the disease. So far, all eight children are doing well. Only a couple of them developed minor clinical problems, initially unrelated to the procedure, which were resolved with treatment or spontaneously. In addition, the researchers applied a second technique (preimplantation genetic testing, or PGT) to women with heteroplasmy (a mixture of healthy and affected mitochondria) to assess the percentage of affected mitochondria in babies obtained through in vitro fertilization and select those with lower values of affected mitochondria. In this case, they obtained 16 pregnancies from 39 women (41%) with the result of 18 babies born with a percentage of affected mitochondria of less than 7%.

    “In Spain, our Law 14/2006 of May 26 on assisted human reproduction techniques does not explicitly refer to this technique (which did not exist when this legislation was passed), so sensu stricto the procedure is neither expressly prohibited nor explicitly authorized in our country. Essentially, it is not regulated. The legal and ethical doubts that remain have so far prevented the three-parent technique from being applied in Spain.However, this new study shows that the technique has a remarkable success rate (36%) that could well be offered to couples in which the mother is a carrier of affected mitochondria to have offspring free from terrible mitochondrial diseases. Personally, I believe that we should allow this technique in our country in assisted reproduction clinics that have adequate training in this sophisticated method of embryo intervention.”

    Dr Paul Wuh-Liang Hwu, Professor, College of Medicine, Pediatrics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan / Distinguished Research Fellow, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, said:

    In this week’s New England Journal of Medicine, two research articles published by groups of researchers from the UK describe the success of mitochondrial donation treatments for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases. Each human cell contains a few hundred mitochondria. The mitochondrion is a double membrane-bound organelle, and each mitochondrion contains a few copies of double-stranded, circular DNA molecules of around 16,500 genetic units (base pairs).

    “Mitochondria are responsible for energy (ATP) production, fatty acid oxidation, and some other functions for the cells. Pathological variations or deletions of mitochondrial DNA can impair mitochondrial function, and when the proportion of defective mitochondria (heteroplasmy level) is high, cause serious symptoms involving the brain, muscle, and metabolism. During reproduction, all mitochondria are inherited from the mother (the egg). However, the level of defected mitochondria in offspring can be very different from their mothers, leaving reproduction planning almost impossible.

    “In the two studies, mitochondrial donation by pronuclear transfer (PNT) was conducted to reduce the reproductive risk of women with mitochondrial diseases. Both the mitochondrial donor and patient eggs were fertilized first.
    The nucleus of the donor’s fertilised egg was removed and discarded, leaving behind a fertilised egg without a nucleus but with healthy mitochondria. The nucleus from the patient’s fertilised egg was then transferred into this enucleated donor egg.

    “The PNT zygote was then cultured and implanted to continue pregnancy. All live births were in good health and with low levels of defective mitochondria. PNT has been widely used in animal research and now proved to be safe and efficient in humans. This breakthrough gives a reproductive choice for women affected with mitochondrial diseases, which is very important for the patients and their families. However, this study also broke the ban for continuing pregnancy of genetically manipulated human embryos. One argument is that PNT does not really touch the genetic materials but only provides normal mitochondria. The excellent outcome of this study also eases the concerns of nuclear/mitochondrial genome compatibility and other safety issues. Nevertheless, one may still worry if this technology will be abused to improve human physiological quality, for example, creating a body with more efficient energy production. Then, how about adding a little bit of normal, or good, DNA to the nuclear genome, if we can do that safely?

    “As doctors and researchers who take care of patients with genetic disease, we welcome inventions, including reproduction medicine, that can help patients. Certainly, before the safety of new treatments can be confirmed, they should be used in patients with no other choices, or with a favorable benefit over risk. Recently, gene therapies, including gene editing treatments, are rapidly developing, offering hope to patients who previously have no option for treatment. However, we need to ask people to restrain themselves, not to apply PNT or gene therapy to improve the health of people without a medical condition, but to let these new treatments be developed to rescue lives of patients.”

    Prof Lee Chung-His Professor, Graduate Institute of Health and Biotechnology Law, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, said:

    Pronuclear Transfer Technology: Advancing with Cautious Innovation and International Consensus. While early clinical results show promise in reducing the level of pathogenic mitochondrial  DNA in newborns, the application of Pronuclear transfer (PNT) raises significant ethical and regulatory questions that must be addressed through both national oversight and international dialogue. From a bioethical standpoint, germline modification—defined as altering genetic material in a way that affects future generations—has long been met with caution. This is because it involves irreversible changes to the human genome, with potential consequences not only for the individuals born from such interventions but also for society’s understanding of what it means to be human.

    “Pronuclear transfer, however, occupies a unique space in this debate. It targets mitochondrial DNA, which, although essential for cellular energy production, contributes relatively little to traits traditionally associated with identity, such as physical appearance, personality, or intelligence. Because of this limited influence on key phenotypic characteristics, PNT is viewed by some as an acceptable “ethical testing ground” for germline-level intervention. Rather than resorting to high-risk gene therapy after the onset of a hereditary disease, using PNT technology to reduce the likelihood of disease is a more ethically acceptable option. It provides a possible pathway to explore the responsible use of reproductive technologies without crossing the bright-line boundaries typically drawn around nuclear DNA modification.

    “Nonetheless, mitochondrial DNA modification is not without ethical complexity. Even if its direct functional role is narrower, it still involves heritable changes and the creation of embryos with genetic contributions from three individuals—the intended mother and father, and a mitochondrial donor. This raises questions about identity, kinship, and the rights of the resulting child, especially regarding disclosure and autonomy. Moreover, the long-term health effects of such interventions remain unknown. To prevent a gradual erosion of ethical boundaries, transparent ethical review processes and long-term clinical monitoring must be established as foundational requirements for any country considering the use of PNT.

    “From a clinical perspective, preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) should remain the first-line option for reducing the risk of mitochondrial disease transmission. PGT is a more established and less invasive method that allows for the selection of embryos with minimal or undetectable levels of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA. In many cases, this approach has proven effective and carries fewer biological and ethical uncertainties than PNT. In contrast, PNT is a more complex and experimental procedure that combines nuclear DNA from the parents with mitochondrial DNA from a donor egg, and it may result in lower fertilization rates or higher embryonic loss. Therefore, in keeping with the precautionary principle in bioethics, PNT should be considered only when PGT is not feasible or has been shown to be ineffective.

    “The United Kingdom currently leads in the clinical implementation of PNT, having established a strict licensing and regulatory regime through the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA). The UK’s model reflects a commitment to enabling scientific advancement while maintaining ethical vigilance. However, reproductive technologies such as PNT are inherently transnational. If only a few countries offer access to such procedures, it may prompt “reproductive tourism”, whereby patients travel abroad to seek unregulated or less strictly governed treatments, potentially undermining safety standards and ethical norms.

    “For this reason, a coordinated international approach is urgently needed. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Medical Association (WMA) are well-positioned to initiate global discussions and help formulate shared ethical guidelines and governance frameworks. These discussions should encompass not only scientific and medical dimensions but also social, cultural, and legal implications. Establishing minimum ethical standards and oversight mechanisms will help ensure that the benefits of PNT are pursued responsibly and that global health equity and ethical integrity are preserved.”

    Mitochondrial Donation and Preimplantation Genetic Testing for mtDNA Disease’ by Louise A. Hyslop et al. and ‘Mitochondrial Donation in a Reproductive Care Pathway for mtDNA Disease’ by Robert McFarland et al. was published in The New England Journal of Medicine at 22:00 UK time on Wednesday 16th July. 

    DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2415539

    DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2503658

    Declared interests

    Dr David J Clancy: No interests to declare

    Prof Joanna Poulton: Nothing to declare

    Prof Dusko Ilic: No conflicts of interest

    Prof Dagan Wells: I don’t think I have any declarations relevant to this.

    Dr Andy Greenfield: Andy was a member of the board of the Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority (HFEA) from 2009 to 2018; he was a member of its Scientific & Clinical Advances Advisory Committee (SCAAC) and Chair of its Licence Committee. He chaired the 3rd and 4th preclinical scientific reviews of the safety and efficacy of mitochondrial donation, in 2014 and 2016. Andy chairs the Independent Advisory Committee of the MitoHOPE Program in Australia. He is also a member of the board of the Human Tissue Authority (HTA), the Regulatory Horizons Council (RHC), the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) and Singapore’s Ministry of Health Regulatory Advisory Panel. Andy’s programme of research in developmental genetics was funded by the Medical Research Council at its Harwell Unit from 1996 to 2021. All opinions expressed are his own and not necessarily shared by any organisations with which he is associated.

    Mr Stuart Lavery: No DOIs

    Prof Bert Smeets: I am scientific advisor for the HFEA on PNT applications.

    Sarah Norcross: PET – https://www.progress.org.uk/ – is a charity that improves choices for people affected by infertility and genetic conditions, and that campaigned for the introduction of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Mitochondrial Donation) Regulations 2015 into UK law.

    Beth Thompson: Wellcome funded research into mitochondrial donation and co-funded the clinical trial to assess the safety and effectiveness of the treatment.

    Danielle Hamm: The Nuffield Council on Bioethics conducted an ethical review of new techniques that aim to prevent the transmission of maternally-inherited mitochondrial DNA disorders in 2012. The report and key findings of the review are available here.

    HFEA: As of 1 July 2025, 35 patients have been given approval for mitochondrial donation treatment by the HFEA Statutory Approvals Committee. These decisions are made on an individual case by case basis where there are no other options for the families involved and in strict accordance with the law. The published papers set out that 25 of those patients have undergone pronuclear transfer (mitochondrial donation treatment.)

    Prof. Dr. Marcus Deschauer: “Apart from the fact that I spent six months as a researcher in the Mitochondrial Research Group over 20 years ago and subsequently collaborated with the group on scientific projects, and that I am of course well acquainted with some of the co-authors of the two papers, I have no conflicts of interest.”

    Dr. Dunja M. Baston-Büst: “I have no conflict of interest.”

    Dr Holger Prokisch: “I have no conflicts of interest.”

    Prof. Dr. Nils-Göran Larsson: “I have no conflicts of interest with this work.”

    Prof. Dr. Heidi Mertes: “I have no conflicts of interest.”

    Prof David Thorburn: David has declared he has no financial conflicts of interest and has the following unpaid positions:

    Board Member of the Mito Foundation (the major relevant mito advocacy group) and he played a prominent role in their advocacy for legalising mitochondrial donation in Australia.

    He is also a Member of the MitoHOPE Executive, funded by the Medical Research Future Fund to deliver an Australian clinical trial of mitochondrial donation.

    Dr Santiago Restrepo Castillo: No conflicts of interest

    Prof Lluís Montoliu: He declares that he has no conflicts of interest

    For all other experts, no reply to our request for DOIs was received.

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

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    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI Africa: TOP AFRICA NEWS Named Best Environment & Natural Resources News Platform 2025 by MEA Markets

    Source: APO

    TOP AFRICA NEWS (www.TOPAFRICANEWS.com) has been recognized as the Best Environment & Natural Resources News Platform 2025 by MEA Markets, highlighting its significant contribution to environmental journalism across Africa.

    This latest accolade caps a series of distinguished awards for the platform, including SME of the Year (2022), Best International Publication Service Provider (2023), and Best Marketing Service Provider (2024), demonstrating consistent excellence and leadership in the region’s media landscape.

    Founder and Managing Director Mr. DUSABEMUNGU Ange de la Victoire expressed pride in the achievement, stating, “Being named the best platform in this vital field underscores our dedication to covering critical environmental issues affecting Africa. It motivates us to continue delivering impactful, accurate, and insightful journalism that can influence policy and inspire sustainable change across the continent.”

    He emphasized the platform’s mission, saying, “At TOP AFRICA NEWS, our goal remains to amplify Africa’s stories on issues like natural resources, conservation, and sustainable development—topics that are pivotal for the continent’s future. This award reaffirms our role as a trusted voice for Africa’s environment and natural resources sectors.”

    Available on www.TOPAFRICANEWS.com, the website provides comprehensive coverage of topics ranging from agriculture and tourism to youth engagement and peacebuilding, aiming to inform and empower communities across Africa.

    As climate and environmental challenges grow more urgent, TOP AFRICA NEWS pledges to sustain its focus on delivering high-quality news that drives awareness, action, and sustainable development across Africa.

    Distributed by APO Group on behalf of TOP AFRICA NEWS.

    Additional link: https://apo-opa.co/4kHbEw8

    Media contact: 
    vickange@gmail.com  

    About TOP AFRICA NEWS: 
    TOP AFRICA NEWS is a Private shareholder Digital News Website managed by AFRICA NEWS DIGEST Ltd, a Domestic Company registered in Rwanda Development Board. Available on www.TOPAFRICANEWS.com, this website publishes stories from across Africa focusing on Environment, Natural resources, Livestock and Agriculture, Tourism and conservation, Youth, Sports and Culture, Peace Building, Health, Infrastructure and ICT, Security, Education, Business and Banking. The main objective of this website is to tell the World the real Africa’s Story from the real and reliable sources. We Publish News Stories, Supplements stories, advertorials, Feature stories among many others. We are based in Kigali, Rwanda.

    Media files

    .

    MIL OSI Africa

  • MIL-OSI USA: Rep. Austin Scott on HASC Passage of FY26 NDAA

    Source: United States House of Representatives – Congressman Austin Scott (GA-08)

    WASHINGTON, D.C.– U.S. Representative Austin Scott (GA-08), a senior member of the House Armed Services Committee (HASC), released the below statement upon the Fiscal Year 2026 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) passing out of committee last night by a vote of 55-2. The NDAA sets Department of Defense (DoD) policies and authorizes funding levels for defense programs. 

    “Georgia’s military installations play a key role in implementing President Donald Trump’s strategy of Peace Through Strength,” Rep. Scott said. “The FY26 NDAA strengthens the U.S. military and enhances the quality of life for our warfighters and their families. I am proud to have several amendments included that support our military in their mission of defending the United States.” 

    “Congressman Austin Scott has been a steadfast voice for our servicemembers and their families as a senior member of the House Armed Services Committee. In the FY26 NDAA, his leadership ensures our warfighters—especially those serving at Robins and Moody Air Force Bases and the more than 20,000 reservists and guardsmen across Georgia—have the resources and support they need to defend our nation. Congressman Scott is always fighting to take care of the men and women who wear the uniform, said Chairman Mike Rogers (AL-03).

    Rep. Scott had 18 amendments adopted during the HASC markup of the FY26 NDAA and another 10 were included in the base text of the bill. Some of the bill language provisions authored by Rep. Scott include: 

    PROVIDING FOR CURRENT AND FUTURE NEEDS AT ROBINS:

    The Chairman’s mark of the FY 26 NDAA contained two provisions that were championed by Rep. Scott throughout the drafting of this bill. 

    First, Section 1102 of the bill would allow for retired members of the Armed Forces to be appointed to competitive or excepted service positions in the Department of Defense without a waiver. This will allow more retired military personnel to continue to serve our country as civilians at Robins Air Force Base.

    Furthermore, included in the bill was an extension of the authority for depot working capital funds, like Warner Robins Air Logistics Complex (WR-ALC), to be used for unspecified minor military construction from September 30, 2025 to September 30, 2027. This will enable WR-ALC to continue to modernize their facilities. 

    “Once again Congressman Scott delivers for Robins AFB! These two provisions are critical to ensure access to talent and to shore up aging infrastructure for the missions at Robins,” said Retired Brig Gen John Kubinec, President and CEO of the 21st Century Partnership. 

     

    SUPPORTING MISSIONS AT MOODY:

    Rep. Scott authored an amendment to delay the full retirement of the A-10C “Warthog” aircraft, several dozen of which are based at Moody Air Force Base in Valdosta, GA. The Scott amendment requires the Air Force to maintain a minimum of 96 A-10 aircraft in FY 26. The A-10C provides close air support and combat search-and-rescue capabilities unmatched by any other aircraft in the Air Force’s inventory.

    “Prematurely retiring the A-10 would create a combat readiness gap in the timeline for replacement of A-10s with the F-35s. This premature retirement also impacts operational continuity of all the AIRMEN who will be involved in transitioning to the F-35. Congressman Austin Scott’s amendment minimizes operational risk and ensures a safe, timely and effective transition from the A-10 to the F-35 for AIRMEN and our Air Force,” Dr. Lucy R. Greene, PhD., Community Supporter and Emeritus Member of the Air Combat Command Commanders Group.

    Also included was an amendment sponsored by Rep. Scott that would extend the intergovernmental support agreements (IGSA) pilot program until September 30, 2030. Moody AFB has benefitted greatly from partnership tools, particularly the IGSA. The agreements provide additional flexibility in some areas for the base and keeps funds local. Moreover, Moody enjoys tremendous support from the Lowndes County community and government to include three IGSAs signed between Moody and Lowndes County.

    This important piece of legislation marked up by the House Armed Services Committee also included the following provisions by Rep. Scott:

    • Established a pilot program to provide service personnel with a voluntary option to enroll in a low-premium supplemental insurance plan to help protect against uncovered out-of-pocket expenses resulting from a cancer diagnosis in the family.

    • Renamed Fort Gordon in Augusta, GA as Fort Shughart Gordon. MSG Gary Gordon and SFC Randy Shughart were two Delta snipers that fought and died in the October 1993 Battle of Mogadishu. They were both posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor and their names deserved to be linked forever in history.

    • Strengthened deterrence against Russia in the Baltics by requiring the Secretary of Defense to identify and mitigate obstacles to the deployment of HIMARS platforms and munitions among Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in crisis scenarios.

    • Modified and extended annual reporting on military and security developments involving the Russian Federation to include Russia’s strategic goals, force posture, and military spending.

    • Expanded training of partner and allied forces to include space domain awareness.

    • Enhanced congressional oversight of the U.S. Africa Command.

    Other provisions inserted by Rep. Scott included establishing minimum facility requirements for military working dogs, authorizing the Secretary of Defense to evacuate family pets of American citizens during emergency evacuations on a space available basis, and enhancing the preservation and commemoration of our nation’s naval heritage. 

    ###

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI USA: SPC Severe Thunderstorm Watch 519

    Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

    Note:  The expiration time in the watch graphic is amended if the watch is replaced, cancelled or extended.Note: Click for Watch Status Reports.
    SEL9

    URGENT – IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
    Severe Thunderstorm Watch Number 519
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    240 PM MDT Wed Jul 16 2025

    The NWS Storm Prediction Center has issued a

    * Severe Thunderstorm Watch for portions of
    Eastern Colorado
    Nebraska Panhandle
    Southeast Wyoming

    * Effective this Wednesday afternoon and evening from 240 PM
    until 1000 PM MDT.

    * Primary threats include…
    Scattered large hail and isolated very large hail events to 2
    inches in diameter possible
    Scattered damaging wind gusts to 70 mph possible
    A tornado or two possible

    SUMMARY…Scattered thunderstorms developing near Interstate 25 will
    continue to intensify this afternoon and move eastward across the
    Watch. Appreciably strong deep-layer shear will support a mix of
    supercells and severe multicells across mainly the northern half of
    the Watch. Large hail and severe gusts will be the primary hazards
    with the stronger storms, but a tornado is possible. Severe
    thunderstorms posing primarily a severe-wind risk are possible later
    this evening as storms congeal into a likely cluster across
    southeast Colorado.

    The severe thunderstorm watch area is approximately along and 65
    statute miles east and west of a line from 40 miles north of
    Cheyenne WY to 25 miles west southwest of Springfield CO. For a
    complete depiction of the watch see the associated watch outline
    update (WOUS64 KWNS WOU9).

    PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS…

    REMEMBER…A Severe Thunderstorm Watch means conditions are
    favorable for severe thunderstorms in and close to the watch area.
    Persons in these areas should be on the lookout for threatening
    weather conditions and listen for later statements and possible
    warnings. Severe thunderstorms can and occasionally do produce
    tornadoes.

    &&

    OTHER WATCH INFORMATION…CONTINUE…WW 517…WW 518…

    AVIATION…A few severe thunderstorms with hail surface and aloft to
    2 inches. Extreme turbulence and surface wind gusts to 60 knots. A
    few cumulonimbi with maximum tops to 500. Mean storm motion vector
    27025.

    …Smith

    SEL9

    URGENT – IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
    Severe Thunderstorm Watch Number 519
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    240 PM MDT Wed Jul 16 2025

    The NWS Storm Prediction Center has issued a

    * Severe Thunderstorm Watch for portions of
    Eastern Colorado
    Nebraska Panhandle
    Southeast Wyoming

    * Effective this Wednesday afternoon and evening from 240 PM
    until 1000 PM MDT.

    * Primary threats include…
    Scattered large hail and isolated very large hail events to 2
    inches in diameter possible
    Scattered damaging wind gusts to 70 mph possible
    A tornado or two possible

    SUMMARY…Scattered thunderstorms developing near Interstate 25 will
    continue to intensify this afternoon and move eastward across the
    Watch. Appreciably strong deep-layer shear will support a mix of
    supercells and severe multicells across mainly the northern half of
    the Watch. Large hail and severe gusts will be the primary hazards
    with the stronger storms, but a tornado is possible. Severe
    thunderstorms posing primarily a severe-wind risk are possible later
    this evening as storms congeal into a likely cluster across
    southeast Colorado.

    The severe thunderstorm watch area is approximately along and 65
    statute miles east and west of a line from 40 miles north of
    Cheyenne WY to 25 miles west southwest of Springfield CO. For a
    complete depiction of the watch see the associated watch outline
    update (WOUS64 KWNS WOU9).

    PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS…

    REMEMBER…A Severe Thunderstorm Watch means conditions are
    favorable for severe thunderstorms in and close to the watch area.
    Persons in these areas should be on the lookout for threatening
    weather conditions and listen for later statements and possible
    warnings. Severe thunderstorms can and occasionally do produce
    tornadoes.

    &&

    OTHER WATCH INFORMATION…CONTINUE…WW 517…WW 518…

    AVIATION…A few severe thunderstorms with hail surface and aloft to
    2 inches. Extreme turbulence and surface wind gusts to 60 knots. A
    few cumulonimbi with maximum tops to 500. Mean storm motion vector
    27025.

    …Smith

    Note: The Aviation Watch (SAW) product is an approximation to the watch area. The actual watch is depicted by the shaded areas.
    SAW9
    WW 519 SEVERE TSTM CO NE WY 162040Z – 170400Z
    AXIS..65 STATUTE MILES EAST AND WEST OF LINE..
    40N CYS/CHEYENNE WY/ – 25WSW SPD/SPRINGFIELD CO/
    ..AVIATION COORDS.. 55NM E/W /31N CYS – 28ESE TBE/
    HAIL SURFACE AND ALOFT..2 INCHES. WIND GUSTS..60 KNOTS.
    MAX TOPS TO 500. MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 27025.

    LAT…LON 41720356 37130186 37130422 41720608

    THIS IS AN APPROXIMATION TO THE WATCH AREA. FOR A
    COMPLETE DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE WOUS64 KWNS
    FOR WOU9.

    Watch 519 Status Report Message has not been issued yet.

    Note:  Click for Complete Product Text.Tornadoes

    Probability of 2 or more tornadoes

    Low (20%)

    Probability of 1 or more strong (EF2-EF5) tornadoes

    Low ( 65 knots

    Low (20%)

    Hail

    Probability of 10 or more severe hail events

    Mod (40%)

    Probability of 1 or more hailstones > 2 inches

    Mod (30%)

    Combined Severe Hail/Wind

    Probability of 6 or more combined severe hail/wind events

    High (70%)

    For each watch, probabilities for particular events inside the watch (listed above in each table) are determined by the issuing forecaster. The “Low” category contains probability values ranging from less than 2% to 20% (EF2-EF5 tornadoes), less than 5% to 20% (all other probabilities), “Moderate” from 30% to 60%, and “High” from 70% to greater than 95%. High values are bolded and lighter in color to provide awareness of an increased threat for a particular event.

    MIL OSI USA News