Category: Pandemic

  • MIL-OSI China: US visas for Chinese students on rise, official says

    Source: China State Council Information Office

    The United States remains the top destination for Chinese students studying abroad despite concerns among students and parents over visas and public security, said an official with the US embassy in Beijing.

    Meanwhile, Chinese students who plan to study in US universities and their parents expressed concerns about unfair treatment that US border authorities imposed on Chinese students in some cases.

    Karen Gustafson, the embassy’s minister counselor for consular affairs, told China Daily on Sunday that the embassy issued 105,000 visas to students from China last year. “We are currently hosting 290,000 Chinese students in the US,” she said.

    A report released by the US Department of State showed that in the first half of 2023, a total of 44,762 students from the Chinese mainland were granted F-1 visas to study in the US, a year-on-year increase of 44 percent.

    As of the end of July, the embassy had issued more than 80,000 student visas to Chinese nationals, Gustafson said, noting the continuing increase in visas issued to Chinese students.

    According to the 2023 Open Doors report released in November, Chinese students accounted for approximately 29 percent of the 1.05 million foreign students in the US during the 2022-23 academic year, down from 33 percent in the previous academic year.

    Gustafson said that despite a decreasing trend, Chinese students remain the largest group of foreign students in the US, and are expected to “stay at the top and grow”.

    “We really wholeheartedly welcome Chinese students to come to the US, and we are always hoping to encourage more students to come,” she said, adding that the embassy is making efforts to maximize student numbers and return to the peak before the COVID-19 pandemic.

    On Sunday, hundreds of Chinese students and parents participated in an education fair in Beijing, seeking information on the prospects of studying abroad. Around 100 US universities attended the fair.

    A fair visitor, surnamed Wang, said she hopes to address her concerns over her daughter’s further education in the US by seeking advice from the universities and the organizer.

    Wang said that her daughter, a student of biological sciences in Wuhan, Hubei province, is preparing to pursue postgraduate studies in the US.

    Given recent cases of Chinese students, particularly those majoring in science and engineering at US universities, having their visas refused on arrival, receiving unfair treatment by border enforcement and even facing deportation, Wang said she is worried and hopes to get more information from the authorities.

    In recent years, dozens of Chinese students have reported that they suffered from unwarranted harassment, interrogation and repatriation because of their political or scientific research background.

    Many have posted on social media platforms their “terrifying” experiences of being taken by border officials to a “small dark room” at US airports, raising public concerns.

    “What I care about most is the safety of my child and whether she can smoothly graduate from a US university,” Wang said, adding that she had heard that Chinese students applying for certain subjects face higher risks of visa rejection.

    Gustafson called such cases isolated incidents, and said the majority of Chinese students are continuing their studies in the US.

    While the US embassy is in charge of issuing visas, entry into the country is handled by the Department of Homeland Security, she said.

    “What I can say is the vast majority of Chinese students going to the USend up studying in the US, and we really welcome them to continue to do so,” she added.

    Significant harm

    Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Mao Ning said in April that enforcing deportation orders against Chinese students has caused significant harm to the individuals concerned and disrupted cultural and academic exchanges between China and the US.

    “Recent cases demonstrate that US law enforcement officers are engaging in deportation for the sake of deportation, exhibiting political, discriminatory and selective enforcement,” she said at a news conference.

    Zhu Chenge, an assistant researcher of US diplomacy at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said the excessive scrutiny of Chinese students by US authorities may seem to affect only a small group, but it is in reality demolishing one of the pillars of the complex interactions between China and the US.

    “Normal academic exchanges between two technological powerhouses are disrupted. It is certainly not a positive sign if students and scholars are more concerned about their personal safety than academic matters,” Zhu said.

    Wang Jialing, a 10th grader in the international class at RCF Experimental School in Beijing, has started to prepare his US university application.

    Aiming to enroll into the University of Southern California as a finance major, he inquired about application procedures and career prospects at the education fair. He said he wants to choose a college among the top 50 in the US in a relatively safe state, and plans to return to China after obtaining a bachelor’s degree.

    MIL OSI China News

  • MIL-OSI Banking: Development Asia: Boosting Regional Integration with Enhanced Multimodal Transport Links

    Source: Asia Development Bank

    Road Corridors

    Roads are the primary transport infrastructure in most SAARC member states, serving as the main means of domestic connectivity and the key conduit for intra-SAARC trade, either across land borders or via seaports. In recent years, the importance of road transport has grown across all SAARC countries.

    The original SMRTS included ten SAARC road corridors, linking: (i) Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh (two); (ii) Nepal and India (two); (iii) Bhutan and India (one); (iv) Nepal, India, and Bangladesh (one); (v) Bhutan, India, and Bangladesh (one); (vi) India and Bangladesh (two); and (vii) Nepal, India, and Pakistan (one). The updated SMRTS highlights recent physical and nonphysical progress in corridor development.

    Physical progress includes the 6.15-km Padma Bridge, upgrades to the Sarail-Akhaura link and Elenga-Hatikamrul-Rangpur Highway, and four-laning of the Dhaka-Sylhet Highway and Sylhet-Tamabil Road in Bangladesh; the planned Haldia/Howrah-Raxual Expressway in India; Nepal’s Kathmandu-Terai Madhesh Fast Track Project; and Pakistan’s Khyber Pass Economic Corridor and six-lane motorways connecting Karachi to Peshawar. Nonphysical progress includes motor vehicle agreements facilitating cross-border transport.

    Rail Corridors

    Railways have the potential to become a key transport mode in the SAARC region, especially for intraregional movement of goods and passengers between Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. The region’s railway network is mainly broad-gauge and compatible across member states, except for the meter-gauge network east of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Once the SAARC rail corridors are fully developed and nonphysical barriers are addressed, efficient rail connectivity will link the concerned SAARC countries.

    The original SMRTS included five SAARC railway corridors, connecting Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. Recent progress includes several railway projects in Bangladesh (e.g., the Padma Bridge Rail Link, dual-gauge line between Akhaura and Laksam), new rail links in Bhutan and Nepal, and the planned Uzbekistan-Pakistan-Afghanistan Railway.

    Inland Waterway Corridors

    Among SAARC countries, only Bangladesh and India have organized inland waterways, facilitating freight transit between the two nations. In earlier SMRTS stages, two inland waterway corridors of regional importance were identified based on current and potential future traffic. These corridors also offer direct waterway links for Northeast India to the ports of Kolkata and Haldia. Landlocked Bhutan and Nepal could benefit from multimodal and intermodal connections to these waterways, providing access to the sea.

    A recent development is the consolidation of the Eastern Waterways Grid, linking rivers in Bangladesh and India with roads and rail to improve connectivity. The Grid builds on the Indo-Bangladesh Protocol Routes, enhancing trade and transit between the two countries. It promises significant cost savings for bulk goods transport in India and revenue generation for Bangladesh through port fees and cargo services, with potential benefits for Bhutan and Nepal.

    Maritime Gateways

    The previous SMRTS versions identified ten major maritime gateways based on current traffic volume, potential to handle future intraregional container traffic, and access for landlocked countries to seaports.

    The updated SMRTS highlights recent progress in the maritime sector. Bangladesh is developing two new gateways: Payra, now operational, and Matarbari, under construction and expected to become the country’s first deep-sea port. Chattogram Port has undergone significant expansion, with a framework for its sustainable development as a transshipment hub for Northeast India. India’s Visakhapatnam (Vizag) Port, the largest on the Eastern Coast, has increasingly served Nepali transit traffic. Other notable developments include a planned new port at Thilafushi in Maldives, a major port concession in Karachi, Pakistan, and continued expansion of Colombo Port, Sri Lanka. Additionally, ferry services between India and Sri Lanka have been proposed.

    Aviation Gateways

    The original SMRTS identified 16 SAARC aviation gateways and noted the need to increase this number by 2030 by upgrading domestic airports to regional hubs and regional airports to international ones. It also acknowledged the complexity of identifying aviation hubs within the SAARC region, which goes beyond the scope of the SMRTS.

    Based on recent developments discussed at a February 2024 workshop in Kathmandu, additional aviation gateways were included in the updated SMRTS. These are in Bangladesh (Chattogram, Sylhet, Cox’s Bazar, Saidpur), Bhutan (Gelephu), Maldives (Gan), Nepal (Gautam Buddha, Pokhara), Pakistan (Islamabad), and Sri Lanka (Mattala Rapsaka, Jaffna, Batticaloa).

    Between 2020-2024, the aviation sector faced challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which lowered passenger and freight demand. As the sector recovers, the challenge is to rebuild and reshape it, redesigning terminals to meet new requirements and implementing measures to address environmental concerns, including decarbonization.

    Connectivity between South Asia and Central Asia

    Recent developments in transport connectivity between South Asia and Central Asia include United Nations General Assembly Resolution 76/299 on strengthening regional connectivity, the Khyber Pass Economic Corridor, the Uzbekistan-Pakistan-Afghanistan Railway Project, the International North-South Transport Corridor (a 7,200-km multimodal route linking India, Iran, Azerbaijan, and Russia), and the Delhi Declaration from the 1st India-Central Asian Summit in January 2022.

    Air connectivity between South Asia and Central Asia remains limited, despite Central Asia’s landlocked nature and challenging geography. Air transport is crucial for moving perishable and high-value goods and facilitating business travel and tourism.

    MIL OSI Global Banks

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Justice Social Work Statistics: 2023-24

    Source: Scottish Government

    An Accredited Official Statistics Publication for Scotland

    The Chief Statistician has released part 1 of the 2023-24 justice social work statistics. This includes information on justice social work services, as well as characteristics of the people involved. Part 2 will be published in early 2025.

    The number of diversion from prosecution cases commenced rose by 28 per cent between 2022-23 and 2023-24 from 2,600 to 3,400. This was the highest level in the last ten years.

    The number of bail supervision cases rose by 17 per cent between 2022-23 and 2023-24 to 1,300. This was the highest in the last ten years.

    There were 1,400 structured deferred sentences imposed in 2023-24. This was eight per cent more than in 2022-23 and the highest in the last six years.

    There were 1,100 statutory custody-based throughcare cases commenced in 2023-24, 18 per cent up on 940 in 2022-23. This was the highest in the last ten years.

    The number of statutory community-based throughcare cases commenced was 870 in 2023-24, three per cent down on 890 in 2022-23. This was the 2nd lowest level in the last ten years.

    Background

     Full statistical publication. Full statistical publication

    Accredited official statistics are produced in accordance with the Code of Practice for Statistics.

     Justice social work statistics has been split into two parts for the first time this year. The splitting of the publication allows the reporting of part of the annual data collection to be provided to users about four months earlier.

     This part 1 publication provides statistics on the following areas of justice social work:

    • – Diversion from prosecution
    • – Fiscal work orders
    • – Bail supervision
    • – Structured deferred sentences
    • – Statutory/voluntary throughcare
    • – Pre-release reports
    • – Home detention curfew assessments
    • – Court-based services

    Information is provided for 2023-24 and, where possible, for the years back to 2014-15, in order to show trends over the last ten years. Tables at local authority area level, which have been updated to include 2023-24, have also been published. For part 1 topics, these tables contain ten years of data.

    The trend data supplied in the publication was impacted by the Coronavirus (Covid) pandemic. There were significant public health measures, including two national lockdowns, in place during the 2020-21 and 2021-22 recording years. For example, many courts were temporarily closed early in 2020-21 and there was reduced capacity when courts reopened. This means that statistics for most areas of justice social work were impacted in 2020-21 and 2021-22. Caution is advised in comparing data from these two years with other years.

    Further statistics on Justice Social Work

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI Europe: WHO and multilateral development banks kick off US$ 1.5 billion primary health financing platform with new funds and launch of first investment plans in 15 countries

    Source: European Investment Bank

    Execution is starting under the new Health Impact Investment Platform on the first country health investment plans turning original commitment into operational reality. The landmark partnership between Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs), the World Health Organization (WHO) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is addressing the critical need for coordinated efforts to strengthen primary healthcare (PHC) in vulnerable and underserved communities to build resilience against pandemic threats like mpox and the climate crisis.

    At the high-level roundtable meeting in New York on the margins of the UN Summit of the Future in New York today, new funding was signed, and it was agreed that the partners will sit down and start identifying needs and planning health care improvements in 15 countries*.

    The roundtable was attended by the partnership’s three founding MDBs – the African Development Bank (AfDB), the European Investment Bank (EIB), and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) –,WHO and the heads of state, as well as finance and health ministers from Djibouti, Egypt and Ethiopia. The Asian Development Bank also attended the high-level meeting and announced their intention to join the Health Impact Investment Platform in order to expand the initiative into the regions where it operates.

    The EIB and WHO signed an initial contribution of € 10 million to kick start the implementation of these investment plans. The Islamic Development Bank and the African Development Bank are finalizing their contributions for the same amount that will be signed in the near future.

    The platform is a key part of an effort to unlock € 1.5 billion in concessional loans and grants to expand and improve primary health-care services in low- and middle-income countries, especially in the most vulnerable communities. The investment plans now being developed in these 15 countries, as a phase 1, are expected to make up a significant proportion of that financing effort.

    The platform aims to work in close partnership with governments to develop national health strategies focused on primary health care and on prioritizing investment opportunities that meet national health needs. Today’s kick-off comes one year after the platform was announced during the Summit for a New Global Financing Pact in Paris.

    Dr Ibrahima Sy, Minister of Health, Republic of Senegal said, “it’s important to bring in private sector, local communities and different forms of financing to drive health progress. The involvement of WHO, multilateral development banks and countries is critical to guiding the investments from this Platform to deliver primary health care on the ground and develop local vaccine manufacturing capacity.” 

    Dr Jane Ruth Aceng, Minister of Health of Uganda said, “I congratulate you for coming up with this very important platform. All our issues are actually based at primary health care level, whether it comes to disease outbreaks, whether it comes to health access, everything is at the primary health care level, and our diseases start there and end there.”

    “Primary health care is the most equitable, cost-effective and inclusive way to improve health and well-being, helping to keep people healthy, prevent diseases, and detect outbreaks at their earliest stage,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “The Health Impact Investment Platform will be a vital source of new financing to build climate and crisis-resilient primary health care in some of the countries that need it most. WHO thanks the multilateral development banks for their partnership, and we are committed to working closely with the countries to put these funds to work and start making a difference in the communities we serve.”

    Nadia Calviño, President of the European Investment Bank, said: “One year ago, we launched the Health Impact Investment Platform, and today we are taking the next steps with our contribution to help countries develop their tailored investment plans. Supporting primary health-care services is the foundation of strong communities. Working closely with fellow Multilateral Development Banks and partner countries, guided by the expertise of the World Health Organization, we are making a difference.”

    “The health security of the world is only as strong as its weakest part, and the new funds announced today will help countries improve primary healthcare, which is critical to stopping disease outbreaks in their tracks,” said Jutta Urpilainen, European Commissioner for International Partnerships. “In addition to the funds, the Platform will strengthen partnerships between countries and funders to ensure funds are effectively invested.”

    Before the COVID-19 pandemic, WHO estimated that to reach the health-related Sustainable Development Goals, low- and low-middle income countries needed to increase their health spending significantly and require an additional US$ 371 billion annually combined by 2030. This funding would allow populations to access health services, contribute to building new facilities and train and place health workers where they need to be. It has also been estimated that preparing for future pandemics will require investment in the order of US$ 31.1 billion annually. Approximately one third of that total would have to come from international financing.

    The new Platform builds on experience gained through cooperation between countries, multilateral organizations and development banks that proved fruitful during the pandemic. For example, WHO, the EIB and the European Commission supported Angola, Ethiopia and Rwanda in strengthening their health systems. Initially launched as stand-alone programmes or as part of the countries’ response to COVID-19, these interventions mobilized technical assistance, grants and investments with advantageous terms to build up or implement primary health care related interventions.

    *15 countries identified as part of phase one of the Health Impact Investment Platform are:

    • Burundi
    • Central African Republic 
    • Comoros
    • Djibouti
    • Egypt
    • Ethiopia 
    • Gambia
    • Guinea Bissau 
    • Jordan
    • Maldives
    • Morocco
    • Senegal
    • South Sudan 
    • Tunisia 
    • Zambia 

    Background information

    About the World Health Organization

    The World Health Organization (WHO) is the United Nations’ specialized agency for health. It is an inter-governmental organization and works in collaboration with its Member States usually through the Ministries of Health. The World Health Organization is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends.

    Media contact: mediainquiries@who.int  

    About the African Development Bank Group

    The African Development Bank Group (AfDB) is Africa’s premier development finance institution. It comprises three distinct entities: the African Development Bank (AfDB), the African Development Fund (ADF) and the Nigeria Trust Fund (NTF). On the ground in 37 African countries with an external office in Japan, the AfDB contributes to the economic development and the social progress of its 54 regional member states.

    About the European Investment Bank

    The European Investment Bank (EIB) is the long-term lending institution of the European Union owned by its Member States. It finances sound investment contributing to EU policy goals. The EIB’s activities focus on the following priority areas: climate and environment, development, innovation and skills, small and medium-sized businesses, infrastructure, and cohesion. The EIB works closely with other institutions and has provided total financing of more than € 42 billion for healthcare-related projects around the world since it started investing in the sector in 1997.  

    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI Banking: Ida Wolden Bache: Time to ease monetary policy is approaching

    Source: Bank for International Settlements

    Presentation accompanying the speech

    Chart 1: Policy rate held unchanged

    The Monetary Policy and Financial Stability Committee decided to keep the policy rate unchanged at 4.5%. Based on the Committee’s current assessment of the outlook, the policy rate will most likely be kept at that level to the end of the year.

    Norges Bank is tasked with keeping inflation low and stable. The operational target is inflation of close to 2 percent over time. We are also mandated to help keep employment as high as possible and to promote economic stability.

    After inflation surged a couple of years ago, we have raised the policy rate significantly, and since December last year the policy rate has been held at 4.5 percent. The interest rate has contributed to cooling down the economy and to dampening inflation.

    Many central banks in trading partner countries have started cutting policy rates. One might wonder why we are not reducing the policy rate now.

    Inflation has declined significantly from its peak but is still above our inflation target. The rapid decline in inflation observed in recent months is not expected to continue going forward. Further disinflation will be restrained by the krone depreciation combined with the high growth in business costs.

    A restrictive monetary policy is still needed to bring inflation down to target within a reasonable time horizon. The Committee is concerned with the possibility that if the policy rate is lowered prematurely, inflation could remain above target for too long. On the other hand, an overly tight monetary policy could contract the economy more than needed. When we set the policy rate, we have to balance these trade-offs.  

    Chart 2: Gradual policy rate reduction from next year

    Based on our current assessment of the outlook, the policy rate needs to be kept at today’s level for a period ahead. At the same time, we are approaching the time to lower interest rates. If the economy evolves as envisaged, we will maintain the policy rate at 4.5 percent to the end of the year, before it is gradually reduced from the first quarter of next year. The policy rate forecast is little changed but implies a slightly faster rate reduction through next year than our previous forecast published in June. 

    Let me say a few more words about the background for the rate decision and the Committee’s assessment.  

    Chart 3: Low growth in the Norwegian economy

    Growth in the Norwegian economy was low through last year and has remained weak this year. High inflation and the rise in interest rates have reduced household purchasing power and consumption, and residential construction has shown a sharp decline. Economic activity is being supported by public sector demand and heavy investment in the petroleum industry.

    Information from our regional network indicates that economic growth will pick up a little in the second half of this year. But there are wide differences across industries, with oil services expecting strong growth and the construction industry a continued decline.

    Over the past couple of years, the labour market has become less tight, and firms are finding it easier to fill their recruitment needs. Employment is high, but the share of the population employed has fallen a little. Unemployment has edged up from a low level.   

    Chart 4: Inflation has declined markedly from its peak

    At its highest, inflation was above 7 percent. According to last week’s data, inflation is now running at 2.6 percent. Excluding energy prices, which are quite volatile, inflation is a little higher than 3 percent. Inflation has been lower than we expected in June.

    International inflation has also fallen notably, and central bank rate cuts are now expected to be deeper and faster than before summer.

    Chart 5: Wage growth is high

    While wage growth is subsiding among many trading partner countries, it is still high in Norway. Wages increased by 5.2 percent last year, and a comparable increase is expected this year. We expect wage growth to moderate in the years ahead, but given weak productivity growth, business costs will continue to grow at a fast pace.

    Chart 6: The krone has depreciated

    The krone exchange rate has depreciated in recent years and is now weaker than at the time of the June monetary policy meeting. A weaker krone means an increase in prices for imported goods and services, and higher costs for firms that depend on imported intermediate goods. For the export industry, a weaker krone means increased profitability, which can lead to higher wage growth and, in turn, to higher inflation.  

    Movements in the krone exchange rate are determined by a wide range of conditions, in both Norway and internationally. This makes it difficult to explain all exchange rate movements, but we can safely say that the interest rate matters for the krone exchange rate. If we had not tightened monetary policy in recent years, the krone would have been weaker. Experience has also shown that the krone weakens when oil prices fall or, as we saw this summer, financial markets experience turbulence.

    Chart 7: Inflation will slow and unemployment edge up

    With the current policy rate path, inflation is projected to move down further and approach 2 percent towards the end of 2027. Unemployment will likely edge up to about the level prevailing before the pandemic.

    Many people have experienced tighter household budgets in recent years, but most people will find that their budgets will stretch further going forward. Interest expenses will still be high, but we expect wages to rise faster than prices, and the debt burden will be easier to bear.

    The economy may evolve differently than we now anticipate. If the outlook suggests that inflation will return to target faster or there is a more pronounced slowdown in the Norwegian economy, the policy rate may be lowered faster than currently envisaged. On the other hand, if the krone depreciates further or economic pressures increase, inflation could remain elevated for longer. A higher policy rate than currently envisaged may then be required.

    Inflation has slowed sharply. That’s welcome news, and now it’s important that we go the last mile of returning inflation back to the target. By maintaining confidence in the inflation target, we are better equipped to deal with new shocks and periods of turbulence in the future.

    MIL OSI Global Banks

  • MIL-OSI Banking: Nicolas Vincent: Monetary policy decision-making – behind the scenes

    Source: Bank for International Settlements

    Introduction

    Good morning. It’s a pleasure to be here with you today.

    I’ve done a lot of hiking, camping and skiing in the Eastern Townships. But this is the first time I’ve had a chance to spend time in Sherbrooke. I’m very much looking forward to spending the next two days in your lovely city.

    As Bruno mentioned, I’m a professor at HEC Montréal and an external Deputy Governor of the Bank of Canada. As an external Deputy Governor, I am a full member of Governing Council. I participate in all discussions related to monetary policy and financial stability.

    The Bank’s aim in creating an external, part-time role was to get new perspectives from someone who isn’t from the world of central banks but still knows a thing or two about economics. Thankfully, my teaching experience and academic research have come in quite handy in my role at the Bank, as has my early-career work in the public service. Even with my experience, however, I’ve had to learn a lot since joining the Bank in March 2023, particularly about the process involved in making interest rate decisions.

    At the beginning of September this year, in light of recent progress in the fight against inflation, the Bank announced a third consecutive cut of 25 basis points, bringing the policy rate to 4¼%. It will likely come as no surprise to any of you that it’s more pleasant to announce cuts than it is to announce increases. In recent years, decisions by the Bank have been the subject of much attention, interest and debate. This is to be expected. The decisions have an impact on everyone, in many different ways, and we are well aware of that. We know that households are worried about the cost of living, their mortgage loan renewal, house prices, rent and the fact that it is getting harder to find a job. Given the importance of our decisions, they must not be taken lightly. And having been at the Bank for 18 months now, I can confirm that they are not. Interest rate decisions are based on an enormous amount of analysis and reflection.

    But how are decisions reached? What does the process look like exactly? Since becoming Deputy Governor, I have often been asked such questions. Generally speaking, there is considerable interest in and curiosity about our work and our responsibilities. That’s why the Bank puts so much effort into making monetary policy understandable for everyone by communicating it in clear and simple terms. You can find detailed information on the Bank’s website explaining our work and our decision-making process. We want people to understand what we do.

    Yet, for all our efforts, the truth is that most people know little about how we work and the steps we take in deciding whether to raise, maintain or lower the policy interest rate. That may even be the case for many of you here. And when I think about it, it’s not particularly surprising. Even as a macroeconomist, I knew little about the process before starting at the Bank.

    Today I’d like to take you behind the scenes and speak about what happens behind closed doors. What are the steps in the process? What sources of data do we use? How do we make our projections? I’ll also talk about the debates, the differences of opinion and the ways we reach a consensus. As you’ll see, making a decision on monetary policy is much more complicated than pushing a button, and getting a computer to spit out calculations and having everything fall into place. I’ll also talk about my own experiences, what’s surprised me and what I’ve learned along the way.

    Analysis and consultations

    First, I’d like to start with a quick review of what monetary policy is and does. At its core, the Bank’s mandate is to keep inflation low, stable and predictable, and centred on the 2% target. The Bank’s main tool for doing this is the policy rate. Changes to the policy rate affect several other interest rates in the economy, notably mortgage rates and rates for business loans. If the Bank raises the policy rate in response to high inflation, the cost of borrowing increases. This lowers demand because people have less money to spend on things like eating out or clothing, while businesses defer spending on projects. When economic activity slows, inflation goes down, which shows that monetary policy is working.

    While that seems simple in theory, in practice it is rather more complicated because the effects of our actions are not felt immediately. I have been a Deputy Governor for 18 months, which is the period needed to observe the full effects of monetary policy on inflation. And because we are always making decisions about the future, the Bank must rely heavily on economic forecasting.

    In addition, the impacts of Bank decisions are complex and uncertain. Much like a business that faces many unknowns when deciding to adopt a new technology, the Bank also must make choices in the face of considerable uncertainty. This is why it’s important to have good information and good advice.

    To get the best possible understanding of the economic situation, Governing Council members have access to an extremely large number of datasets, analyses and points of view. When I’m asked to summarize the work of a Deputy Governor, I often say that I am a big aggregator of information. I am part of a team whose job is to put together all the pieces of the puzzle to inform our decision-making. Today, I’d like to explain to you what that means in concrete terms.

    Every year, the Bank makes eight monetary policy decisions. That means eight times a year, the Bank must decide whether it will raise, maintain or lower the policy interest rate. Four of the eight decisions are accompanied by the Monetary Policy Report (MPR), published most recently in July. The MPR examines the global and Canadian economies in terms of production, spending, the labour market and, of course, inflation. It also includes the Bank’s projections for growth and inflation and the risks to the projection over a two-year period.

    The decision-making process begins about a month before the announcement date, when Bank staff present an economic projection to Governing Council. We call this Case A. It draws on the Bank’s macroeconomic models and surveys, its analysis of various sectors and components of the economy, and its assessment of financial stability and financial market activity. Since we don’t have a crystal ball, we draw on the latest data and use our projection models to look into the future.1 For several hours, Governing Council members debate the assumptions and risks to the projection as well as alternative case scenarios prepared by staff.

    About 10 days later, Bank advisors and economists present Case B, a revised projection incorporating the comments of Governing Council members and, if any, new developments that occurred since Case A. We draw on that projection to make our policy rate decision.

    When there is a rate announcement without an accompanying MPR-as was the case two weeks ago-many of the same steps are involved, although staff do not make new projections. They report on new data released since the last policy decision and on how the economy as a whole performed against expectations. Although the amount of information we have access to differs between announcements with and without an MPR, all decisions are equally important.

    Throughout the process, Statistics Canada’s data on inflation, gross domestic product and employment are an invaluable source of information to guide our decisions. But they also have limits. First, data tend to be aggregate, which can make it difficult to discern the full range of experiences Canadians are having. That is why we spend a lot of time diving deep into the data to analyze what concerns and affects people on a day-to-day basis: rent, house prices, mortgage renewal, the prices of gas and groceries, how long it takes to find a job, and so on. All these factors help us to predict the path of inflation in the months and years ahead.

    Second, hard data draw from the past. That is why the Bank conducts quarterly surveys on consumer expectations and the business outlook. The qualitative and forward-looking nature of these surveys allows us to discover different points of view and obtain a more nuanced portrait of the future path of economic activity. Some of you may even have participated in these surveys; if so, I’d like to thank you for the contribution you’ve made to making monetary policy.

    We also engage with the public through outreach activities. The Bank needs to hear from a variety of participants in the economy to understand what is happening on the ground. Meeting with businesses, community groups and other organizations gives us an opportunity to listen, learn and deepen our understanding of their situation. The knowledge we gain helps us interpret the statistical data and contributes to our projections. This outreach also gives us an opportunity to explain the role of the Bank to Canadians.

    This is exactly what I will be doing during my time in Sherbrooke. I’ll have the opportunity to participate in a round table with Entreprendre Sherbrooke, speak with university students and meet with local officials. Sometimes outreach activities even have unintended outcomes. Last spring, I took an outreach trip to  Rimouski, where I grew up. After I was interviewed by local media, some childhood friends I had not heard from in years reached out and messaged me!

    As an aside, I’d like to point out that while the Bank seeks out views from a broad range of stakeholders, it makes monetary policy decisions independently. This protects the Bank from short-term political objectives and pressures from special-interest groups. The independence of a central bank is even more important when difficult decisions must be made, as has been the case in recent years.

    The next step in the decision-making process is the risk and recommendations meeting, which takes place about a week before the announcement date. Advisors and staff from economics departments share their points of view and debate the implications of raising, maintaining or lowering the policy rate. This culminates in a round-table discussion where each person puts forward a recommendation and its rationale. As you can imagine, we are never short on opinions. While Governing Council is ultimately responsible for making the decision, the decision is really the product of an enormous team effort.

    Once the members of Governing Council have heard from the advisors and studied their analyses and recommendations, they meet in private to evaluate everything they’ve learned and come to a decision. Now, I’ll shed a bit of light on how that works.

    Deliberating the decision

    Before I talk about the deliberation process, I have to let you in on a little secret. At the Bank’s head office, behind a massive wooden door, there is a room I like to call the Chamber of Secrets. It’s formally known as the Rasminsky Room, after Louis Rasminsky, the Bank’s third governor. All discussions and decisions about the policy rate take place in this room.

    It’s a secure room where the blinds are always drawn, and access is controlled. From inside this room, no communication with the outside world is allowed, and the use of electronic devices is strictly regulated. When we say “private” deliberations, we really mean it! The Bank takes security very seriously-and with good reason. A leak could have serious consequences. Many stakeholders-financial market participants, in particular-are very eager to get news of the decision.

    Returning to the topic of our deliberations, once all the members of Governing Council are in the room, the Governor opens the meeting. The Governor acts as chair and shepherds the discussions. Each member is given the opportunity to present their views on economic developments in Canada and abroad, and on the outlook for growth and inflation. Another tidbit from behind the curtain: in Governing Council discussions, the Deputy Governors speak in reverse order of seniority, with newer members speaking first. This ensures their views are not influenced by those of more senior members. The Senior Deputy Governor speaks next, followed lastly by the Governor. They express their views, which leads to further discussions. We then go around the table again, with members presenting their opinions on monetary policy and debating the rate decision.

    The process is not set in stone. The content and format of our discussions are adapted to the situation and vary depending on our thinking about the economic environment and risk landscape. For example, when I started at the Bank in March 2023, a number of regional banks in the United States had just failed. Questions about financial stability were at the forefront of our discussions. In recent months, an important focus of our discussions has been the stickiness of inflation in prices for certain services, including shelter.

    But how is the decision actually reached after all of these deliberations? Unlike other central banks, such as the US Federal Reserve or the Bank of England, where members vote, the Bank of Canada makes decisions by consensus. Members must therefore all agree on the course of action, even if we had different points of view when we walked into the Rasminsky Room. And it might not come as a surprise that we do not always agree on everything.

    In fact, it’s completely normal that members have differences of opinion. After all, each member of Governing Council has distinct expertise stemming from their past experiences and educational background. But the diversity of our expertise is exactly what makes it possible to have detailed and constructive discussions that lead to informed decision-making.

    So, how do we arrive at a consensus despite our differences of opinion? Here, the organic nature of our deliberations plays a key role. At times, points raised by other members may lead us to fine-tune or rethink the way we’ve interpreted the data. Or a colleague may raise a point or highlight issues that others had not originally considered. In my opinion, the need to arrive at a consensus strengthens our decision-making process. We must carefully consider the diversity of opinions within Governing Council and discuss among ourselves to arrive at a common position.

    I should also mention that reaching a consensus does not mean that all members of Governing Council share the same point of view on the economic outlook or the path for interest rates in the coming months. It means that members come to an agreement about the best decision to make at a particular moment in time.2 And the truth is that as new data are published and new information comes to light, differences of opinion tend to become less pronounced.

    Whatever shape the deliberations take, I can assure you that everyone around the table is always very conscious of the weight of these decisions. I fully felt this weight myself in June 2023 when I participated in my second round of monetary policy deliberations.

    In the year before my arrival, the Bank had decisively and forcefully raised the interest rate from 0.25% to 4.5% to combat the spike in inflation. At the beginning of 2023, the Bank indicated it would pause to evaluate the effects of the increases on the economy and inflation. But data released between April and June 2023 showed that the economy had been more robust than expected in the first quarter of the year and that inflation had even increased slightly. Given the situation, we reached the conclusion that we had to again raise the interest rate. But at the end of our Friday afternoon meeting, the Governor said, “Let’s take the weekend and sleep on this decision and come back on Monday with clearer heads to discuss again.”

    Over the course of that weekend, I came to fully feel the weight of the responsibility that came with my new role. I’d had countless discussions about monetary policy with colleagues and students over the course of my career as an academic. But as Deputy Governor, I found the discussions were no longer abstract or theoretical. I came to understand that I was one of six people whose decision would directly impact borrowing costs for millions of people like you and for businesses like yours. Believe me when I say that the realization made my head spin a little; it was really quite humbling.

    Communicating the decision

    One thing that may surprise you-as it did me-is that Governing Council’s work does not end once the decision is made. Communicating the reasons that led to the decision is almost as important as the decision itself. The members of Governing Council work closely with the Bank’s communications team to develop key messages and draft the press release and opening statement for the press conference. If only you knew how much time we spend trying to find the best ways to convey our message and looking for just the right words-in both official languages.

    With time, I’ve come to understand that this is not always an easy task. For example, at the July decision, we said downside risks to inflation were becoming increasingly important in our deliberations. Some people interpreted this to mean that we believed downside risks had strengthened. What we intended to communicate, however, was that, with the 2% target in sight, we gave increased consideration to the risk that inflation could fall below the target.

    As you can see, differences in interpretation can be very subtle, which makes choosing the right words all the more important. I’d like to think that all the years of explaining complex concepts to my students has given me a lot of practice in this regard.

    Even though I’ve been in this role for only a short time, I’ve been able to appreciate how the Bank’s approach to communication is constantly evolving. In the past, press conferences were held only when the rate announcement was accompanied by a Monetary Policy Report. Starting this year, all eight rate announcements now feature a press conference. This gives the Bank the opportunity to share its assessment of the economic outlook with the public and explain the reasoning that led to the rate decision. Following the decision, Governing Council members host information sessions and regularly give interviews with the media.

    Since January 2023, a summary of deliberations is published online two weeks after every decision. This document is a record of Governing Council’s assessment of the economic environment and the upside and downside risks to inflation. It also highlights where opinions converged and the topics that generated the most debate among members. The summary of deliberations for the September decision was published yesterday, in fact.

    Lastly, the Bank is always looking for new ways to communicate and for new channels to reach the widest audience possible. In fact, the Bank has accounts on YouTube, X, Instagram, Facebook and LinkedIn. Be sure to follow us.

    Conclusion

    It’s time for me to wrap up. I’ve now participated in 12 rate decisions. Since arriving at the Bank, I’ve always felt my experiences and external point of view have been useful to my work and valued by the other members of Governing Council and the organization as a whole.

    I genuinely feel I’m contributing to the mission of a rigorous and conscientious institution that is mindful that its credibility is directly linked to the effectiveness of its actions.

    Credibility must be earned. The Bank’s is founded on the trust that Canadians place in us and our actions. Even when those actions are difficult and have direct impacts, Canadians understand that we are always guided by our resolve to keep inflation low, stable and predictable.

    We are fully conscious of the responsibilities the Bank has toward all Canadians. To maintain the public’s trust, we must be rigorous, professional, humble, honest and transparent.

    It is to contribute to this transparency that I’ve spoken to you today about the Bank’s decision-making process. This process has allowed the Bank to weather many past storms, from recessions to economic crises and even a pandemic. And this process will keep us true to our promise to all Canadians: to bring inflation back to target and keep it there. That will always be the best way for the Bank to support the Canadian economy.

    Thank you.


    MIL OSI Global Banks

  • MIL-OSI Banking: Joachim Nagel: Why do we need Europe?

    Source: Bank for International Settlements

    Check against delivery 

    1 Global challenges need global answers

    We are living in a period of significant change. Many distinct forces are contributing to this change. Examples here include global warming and the switch towards carbon-free energy, progress in digitalisation and AI, as well as geo-economic factors and demographic developments.

    What do all the changes I’ve mentioned have in common? They affect humanity at the global level. It therefore does not seem useful to limit one’s attention to national solutions. That said, the European elections have shown us that many voters backed parties calling for greater national sovereignty or even nationalism – as well as less Europe. The Brexit referendum, eight years ago, can be seen as an example of this trend. As, too, can the recent German regional elections.

    Why is this? Global changes often lead to global challenges, and sometimes to global crises. This means a lot of complexity. Those who are in charge are responsible for properly explaining this complexity. If we don’t assume this responsibility, simple political messages may trump complex ones. And there is no doubt that politics at the European level are complex. Just think of the legislative process behind the new Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive – a directive that sets rules for firms to mitigate their negative impact on human rights and the environment. Or the slow progress that has been made regarding the capital markets union – a topic I will return to later.

    However, as the current major challenges are global in nature, national responses alone will not resolve them. Action is needed on a global scale. Take the pandemic, for example. Overcoming this required unprecedented vaccine research, large-scale production and global distribution. Or consider the climate crisis. While Germany can lead by example in terms of decarbonising its economy, it cannot solve the climate crisis alone. As for European countries, this means that we have to work on European responses to the current challenges. This holds true for Germany, too – despite it being one of the largest economies in the world. Germany should see itself as part of a wider European team – a team that can provide greater stability given the current geopolitical risks. Take the increasing global trade restrictions, for example. Between the two main global players, the United States and China, only a unified European approach stands a chance of defending European interests. This view is shared by almost three-quarters of Europeans surveyed at the beginning of this year.1

    2 Europe is not a weak spot – it is a source of strength

    It is true that open democratic societies tend to have complex and cumbersome decision-making processes. The more fragmented the political landscape, the more difficult it becomes. This already holds for the national level – as can currently be seen in the case of France and Germany. At the European level, complexity is even greater. There, agreeing on a compromise is like an art in itself. However, democratic decision-making processes have one great benefit. They integrate the diverse interests and preferences of the people.

    In fact, a significant majority of EU citizens are satisfied with the way democracy works in the EU.2 And the share of people who have a positive image of Europe is nearly twice as big as the share of people who have a negative one.3 This might well reflect an observation made by the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset at the beginning of the last century. He noted that four-fifths of our intellectual property stem from our common European heritage.4 People seem to have a good understanding of what “European” means: the common ground of our liberal, democratic societies and the intellectual achievements we have made.

    Once we realise these strengths of Europe, we can use them to move forward, to manage the changes I mentioned at the outset of my speech. Europe does not have an analytical deficit, but a deficit in taking action. For example: A deeper single market could help seize the opportunities of digitalisation more fully. And a unified European approach to decarbonisation could serve as an example and help the formation of larger climate clubs. These clubs derive mutual benefits from sharing the costs of producing less CO2-emissions. The members of such a voluntary club have incentives to adhere to its rules as long as the gains from the club are sufficiently large.5

    3 What it will take to move forward

    And what will it take to move forward? As President of the Bundesbank and as a member of the Governing Council of the European Central Bank, I am doing all I can within my remit. First and foremost, I am striving to restore price stability. This is because price stability is a crucial requirement for economic development and for the welfare of our societies. And I am also supporting measures that help Europe to act. It is in this context that I return to the topic of the capital markets union. The capital markets union can be an important means of providing companies with the necessary funding to manage change. This includes funding for new scientific knowledge and for innovations to help us thrive in our future environment. Europe is relatively good at research.6 And research is a crucial basis for innovation. However, a lack of available capital often prevents young innovative companies from growing. A key reason is that capital markets in Europe are still highly fragmented and rather underdeveloped compared to those in the United States, for example. Although market structures are not fully comparable, venture capital investment may serve as an example here. Relative to GDP, its size in European countries is less than one-tenth the size in the US.7 A European capital markets union would give firms better access to risk capital in Europe – notably young firms in their start-up and scale-up phase, and it would provide better exit options. By mobilising more private capital, the capital markets union could improve opportunities for economic growth. And it could foster much needed investments in Europe’s digital and sustainability transformation.

    It is a real challenge to make progress at the European level and in the 27 Member States on the legal initiatives necessary to realise the capital markets union. But if we agree that the changes we see are global in nature, then we should not try to deal with them at the national level. We should strive for multilateral solutions. Here in Europe, the European Union provides a wonderful opportunity to find common approaches that many around the world can subsequently gather behind.

    I am optimistic that the new European Commission will build momentum to move forward – not least with respect to the capital markets union, which was recently given fresh impetus by Member States’ political leaders. We have the potential to rejuvenate the European idea. A thriving research and innovation ecosystem will support that goal – with stable prices, sufficient financing opportunities and steady growth. Let us all do what we can to strengthen Europe at the current juncture. 


    MIL OSI Global Banks

  • MIL-OSI Submissions: China: Re-detention of activist Zhang Zhan highlights Beijing’s intolerance of dissent – Amnesty International

    Source: Amnesty International

    Chinese authorities must end their persecution of the citizen journalist Zhang Zhan, Amnesty International said after the activist was re-detained less than four months after being freed from prison.

    Zhang Zhan, who is being held at the Pudong New District Detention Centre in Shanghai, appears to have been targeted because she has continued to advocate for human rights since her release from jail on 13 May.

    “The depressingly predictable re-detention of Zhang Zhan is the culmination of the government’s ongoing campaign of harassment against her, even after she was ‘freed’ from prison. Since being released, Zhang has been subjected to surveillance that has intensified over the past month,” Amnesty International’s China Director, Sarah Brooks, said.

    “This latest detention underscores the Chinese authorities’ intractable intolerance of dissent and of Zhang Zhan herself, who despite being unjustly jailed has continued to raise her voice in solidarity with other human rights activists since being released. She has been re-detained because she refused to be silenced.”

    Following her release in May, Zhang Zhan expressed concern that her online speech was being monitored by authorities.

    According to information received by Amnesty International, she was regularly and repeatedly taken in for police questioning over the past month, with some interrogations lasting over 10 hours.

    In late August, it was reported that she traveled from Shanghai to the northwestern province of Gansu to show solidarity with other human rights defenders. Shortly thereafter, during a visit to her hometown in Shaanxi, she suddenly became unreachable; civil society reported that she had been taken into custody by police from Shanghai, well over 1000km away.

    “On 2 September, Zhang Zhan marked her 41st birthday – her first since being released. Yet instead of celebrating this hard-won reunion with her family, she has spent her fifth successive birthday deprived of liberty,” Sarah Brooks said.

    “We urge the Chinese authorities to immediately and unconditionally release Zhang Zhan and ensure that she is granted full freedom and protection from any form of surveillance or harassment.”

    Background

    Zhang Zhan is a Chinese citizen journalist was who jailed for reporting on the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic in Wuhan.

    A former lawyer, she travelled to Wuhan in February 2020 to provide on-the-ground information about what was happening there. She posted on social media about how government officials had detained independent reporters and harassed families of Covid-19 patients.

    She went missing in Wuhan in May 2020. It later emerged that she had been taken by the Chinese authorities and detained in Shanghai, where she was convicted of “picking quarrels and provoking trouble” after a sham trial.

    On 13 May of this year, after completing a four-year prison sentence, Zhang Zhan was released. However, since her release, she has been subjected to strict surveillance and continuous harassment by the authorities.

    MIL OSI – Submitted News

  • MIL-OSI Submissions: Asia Pacific – Singapore contributes to regional health emergency readiness through achieving Emergency Medical Team classification

    Source: World Health Organization (WHO)

    SINGAPORE, 12 September 2024 – Singapore’s Emergency Medical Team (EMT), known as SGEMT, today joined the ranks of quality-assured EMT,  prepared for self-sufficient and high-quality response to a wide range of health emergencies. This builds on years of work by Singapore’s government to support emergency response regionally and globally. The classification followed two days of intense evaluation by a team of expert peer reviewers from EMTs in China and Thailand, along with EMT experts from the World Health Organization (WHO).

    Ensuring that Singapore is now able to deploy emergency responders to outbreaks or emergency events anywhere in the world, reflects the country’s commitment to advancing health security. SGEMT’s operational readiness reflects a whole-of-government effort that involves collaboration across multiple departments: health services, crisis strategy and operations, foreign affairs, military and civil defence forces.

    WHO’s EMT Global Classification is a quality assurance mechanism, using external peer review to assess compliance against international principles and standards. The process ensures that emergency medical teams are composed of trained team members, have appropriate equipment, are fully self-sufficient, and are well-integrated within national health systems when deployed for emergency response. This mechanism enables safe and high-quality medical care to be provided during public health emergencies are well-integrated within local health systems. This quality assurance mechanism enables the highest quality of medical care to be administered during any public health emergency.

    Enabling a network of emergency workforce across borders

    Members of classified emergency medical teams form an integral part of the global health emergency workforce, comprising a network of trained and equipped emergency responders that can surge when required and requested by affected countries. The EMT Initiative, hosted by WHO, aligns with global efforts to standardize quality and enhance interoperability between national, regional, and global emergency workforce capacities.

    EMT classification advances WHO’s Global Health Emergency Corps (GHEC) vision of a trained health emergency workforce centred in countries and coordinated regionally, as well as globally. GHEC provides a uniformly trained and globally connected emergency workforce corps that can effectively respond, as one cohesive unit, during a health emergency.

    Reiterating the value of global health emergency corps, Dr Saia Ma’u Piukala, WHO Regional Director for the Western Pacific, noted: “In our interconnected world, efforts to build national emergency workforce capacities, simultaneously advance global health security. Initiatives like Emergency Medical Teams, ensure that countries are ready to respond with their own national emergency workforce during an emergency, and that they can access trusted networks of emergency responders across borders, when required.”

    The COVID-19 pandemic drove home the need for all countries to have emergency response capacities, a highly trained national workforce and access to essential technology and equipment. Through the Global Health Emergency Corps (GHEC) collaborations between surge capacities such as emergency medical teams and rapid response teams, and other emergency response networks such as the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) expand countries’ capacities to diagnose faster and treat quicker.

    With the classification of the Singapore EMT, the Western Pacific now hosts 13 of 41 internationally classified EMTs, and national teams have been developed in  nearly every Member State across the Region, from Mongolia in the far north to New Zealand in the south, and in both the largest and smallest countries. Rabindra Abeyasinghe, WHO Representative to Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and Singapore, who attended the EMT verification process shared: “EMTs form a crucial resource for countries in the Western Pacific and the world at large that require deployable clinical capacity to reach remote and emergency-affected communities.” EMTs in the Region have supported multiple emergency response efforts, including for COVID-19, measles outbreaks, cyclones, earthquakes and even a volcanic eruption and tsunami.

    MIL OSI – Submitted News

  • MIL-OSI USA News: Remarks by Vice President Harris at the Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute’s 47th Annual Leadership  Conference

    Source: The White House

    Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center
    Washington, D.C.

    12:48 P.M. EDT

    THE VICE PRESIDENT:  Good afternoon.  Good afternoon.  Good afternoon, everyone.  (Applause.)  Thank you, thank you, thank you.  Thank you.  (Applause.) Good afternoon.  Please have a seat.  Please have a seat.  Please have a seat.

    Oh, it’s good to see so many friends.

    AUDIENCE:  We love you!

    THE VICE PRESIDENT:  Oh, I love you back.  (Applause.)

     I want to recognize Chair Barragán — where are you? — my dear friend, fellow Californian.  I want to thank you for all that you do — (applause) — and all that you have done.

    CHCI Chair Espaillat, thank you for all that you are.  He — you know, I — he spent — both of them have spent time with me at my house, and we’ve — we’ve shared a lot of good stories together and — and many meals together.  And I just want to personally thank them both, because they really, as you know, are extraordinary people and extraordinary leaders and they do so much on behalf of so many.  So, thank you both for your leadership and for hosting me this afternoon.

    And to all the incredible leaders here, it is an honor to be with you again.

    And to everyone, happy Hispanic Heritage Month — (applause) — which, in my book, is every month of the year.  (Laughs.)  (Applause.) 

    So, this is a room of long-standing friends.  And many of you know my background.  My mother arrived in the United States when she was 19 years old by herself.  And I spoke about it recently, actually.  You know, my mother — I was the eldest child.  And as the eldest child, those of us who are, you know you see a lot of things in terms of what your parents go through. 

    And I would often see how my mother was treated.  She was a five-foot-tall brown woman with an accent.  And I would see how the world would sometimes treat her.

    I’m going to tell you something, and this where I come from.  My mother never lost her cool.  She never defined her sense of dignity based on how others treated her.  She was a proud woman.  She was a hardworking woman.  She had two goals in her life: to raise her two daughters — my sister Maya and me — and to end breast cancer.  She was a breast cancer researcher. 

    And growing up, our mother taught us certain fundamental values: the importance of hard work; the power of community; and the responsibility that we have to not complain about anything, much less injustice.  Right?  Because “why are you complaining about it,” she would say.  “Do something about it.”  And that’s how I was raised: Do something about it.

    And those values have guided me my entire career, from, as you heard, being a young courtroom prosecutor in Oakland, California — (applause). 

     AUDIENCE MEMBER:  Bay Area! 

    THE VICE PRESIDENT:  Wh- — Bay Area.  (Laughter.)  106.1 KMEL.  (Laughs.)  (Applause.)  That was our local radio station for hip-hop.  (Laughter.)

    But doing that work — you know, part of the background on why I became a prosecutor was actually when I was in high school, I learned that my best friend was being abused — being molested by her stepfather.  And when I learned about it, I told her she had to come and live with us.  And I called my mother, and my mother said, “Of course she does.”  And she did.

    And so, I decided I wanted to start a career and do the work of — in part, just doing the work of making sure that we protect the most vulnerable.

    And so, I started my career as a courtroom prosecutor and took on those who would be predators against the most vulnerable.

    As attorney general of California, I took on the big banks and delivered $20 billion for homeowners who were middle-class families who faced foreclosure because of predatory lending practices.  I stood up for veterans and students who were being scammed by the big for-profit colleges, knowing the — and many of whom were — had an immigrant background and were just simply

    trying to — to do the best they could to invest in themselves and their family for their future and — and the subject of — of awful scams.

     I have stood up, in my career, for workers who were being cheated out of the wages they were due and for seniors who have faced elder abuse. 

     And I say all that to say: When I stand here before you today, this is not just something that I decided to do but really is about a lifelong career that has been about fighting for the people — for the people.

    And for years, I have been proud to fight alongside the members and the leaders of this incredible caucus — (applause) — in almost all of that work.  And the work we have done together has been about so much I just talked about.  It has been about defending workers’ rights.  It has been about expanding health care for more Americans, including DREAMers.  (Applause.)  It has been about forgiving billions of dollars in student loan debt, including for many of the folks that we know — friends, relatives — who, again, have been burdened by that heavy debt and just needed to be seen — teachers, firefighters, nurses. 

     The work we have done together has been to create the National Museum of the American Latino and — (applause) — and, of course, last year, I was proud to be with a lot of the leaders here in Houston for the CHC On the Road tour.  (Applause.)

     So, I say that to say that, CHC, our work together has always been guided by shared values and by a shared vision.  However, at this moment, at this moment, we are confronting two different — very — very different — visions for our nation: one focused on the past; the other, ours, focused on the future.  

    We fight for a future for affordable health care, affordable childcare, and paid leave.  We fight for a future where we build what I call an “opportunity economy,” understanding that the people of our country, the people we know, have extraordinary ambition and aspirations and dreams of what they can be, what they can do, are prepared to do the hard work and put that hard work in, but don’t necessarily always have access to the opportunities to achieve and realize those goals.

     So, I see an America where everyone has an opportunity to own a home, to build wealth, to start a business. 

     I believe in a future — we, together, believe in a future where we lower the cost of living for America’s families so that people have an opportunity not just to get by but to get ahead. 

     And so, with the work we have done together and going forward, we will continue to lower the cost of groceries, for example, by taking on something that I think is very important to deal with, which is price gouging on behalf of big corporations.  (Applause.)

     You know, I’ve — I’ve seen that happen before.  Many of you who — who have — and are coming from states where y- — we’ve seen extreme weather conditions — in California, wildfires, and other parts of the country — or even in the pandemic, where people are desperate because of these kinds of emergencies, desperate for support.  And then some, you know, corporation — and it’s very few of them that do this — but then jack up prices to make it more difficult for desperate people to just get by.  We need to take that on.

    We need to lower the cost of housing.  We don’t have enough housing in our country.  The supply is too low, and it’s too expensive both for renters and for folks who want to buy a home.  So, we will build together millions of new homes and give first-time homebuyers $25,000 in down payment assistance.  (Applause.) 

    Because, look, people just want to get their foot in the door.  I — my mother worked hard.  She saved up.  It wasn’t until I was a teenager that she was able to buy our first home.

    And the American dream is elusive for far too many people increasingly.  And that’s why it is part of my perspective that’s let’s just do the work of giving first-time homebuyers a $25,000 down payment assistance.  (Applause.)  Let them get their foot in the door.

    We need to lower the cost of health care and continue to take on Big Pharma and cast the — cap the cost of prescription medications, yes, for our seniors, which we have done together, but for all Americans.  Because when we look at drugs like insulin, everyone here knows — first of all, Latinos are 70 percent more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes.  And with the support of the CHC, we were able to cap the cost of insulin at $35 a month for our seniors.  (Applause.)

    In fact, recently, I was in Nevada.  I’m — I’m in these streets.  Let me tell — I’m everywhere.  (Laughter.)  But I was recently in Nevada, and a woman came up to me with tears in her eyes, and she showed me the receipts for her mother’s insulin.  And it used — she show- — and I was — she showed me many papers, and I said, “Tell me what these are.”  And she said, “Well, these are the receipts, and I want you to see where it used to cost us hundreds if not a thousand dollars a month, but no more.” 

    The work we are doing together, the very purpose of CHC and all of the leaders here includes have a real impact on real people.  And I have the blessing of being able to travel our country and see it every day.  It’s extraordinary work that is happening because of the leaders here.

    We, because of our work together, have finally given Medicare the power to negotiate lower drug prices with Big Pharma. 

    And understand, if my opponent, Donald Trump, wins, his allies in Congress intend to end Medicare and end Medicare’s negotiating power.  As they remind us again this week, they are essentially saying — check this out, because if — because, you know, you have to ask why, right?  So, why would you want to end Medicare’s negotiating power against Big Pharma?  And essentially, they’re saying that it’s not fair to Big Pharma.  (Laughs.)  That’s essentially what they’re saying.

    But I’ll tell you what’s not fair.  What’s not fair is that our seniors for too long have had to cut pills in half because they cannot afford their full medication.  (Applause.)  That’s not fair.  It’s not fair that our seniors have had to choose between filling their prescriptions and putting food in their refrigerator or paying their rent.  That’s not fair. 

    And that’s why we will continue to do our work together, including fight Project 2025, an agenda that would cut Medicare and increase the cost of health care in our country.  (Applause.)  Because we stand with the people and on the side of the people. 

    We will cut taxes for working families, including restoring and expanding the Child Tax Credit.  (Applause.)  Because we know this is the kind of work that must happen if we are to be true to our values and be true to understanding that — that parents, in particular young parents, need that support.  We — when we — when we extended the Child Tax Credit, cut child poverty by 50 percent — by half.  Think about what that meant for so many families.

     The vast majority of parents have a desire to raise their children well.  They love their children but don’t necessarily have the resources to do everything their child needs.  I grew up understanding the children of the community are the children of the community, and we should all have a vested interest in ensuring that children can go — grow up with the resources that they need to achieve their God-given potential.

     So, I know where I come from.  And we have to always put — and I know CHC agrees with this, and this is part of our collective life’s work — we have to put the middle class first; we have to put working families first, understanding their dreams and their desires and their ambitions deserve to be invested in and it will benefit everyone.  (Applause.)

    And together, CHC, we must also reform our broken immigration system — (applause) — and protect our DREAMers and understand we can do both — create an earned pathway to citizenship and ensure our border is secure.  We can do both and we must do both.  (Applause.)

     And while we fight to move our nation forward to a brighter future, Donald Trump and his extremist allies will keep trying to pull us backward.  We all remember what they did to tear apart families.  And now they have pledged to carry out the largest deportation — a mass deportation — in American history.  

     Imagine what that would look like and what that would be.  How is that going to happen?  Massive raids?  Massive detention camps?  What are they talking about?

     They also will give billions of dollars of tax cuts to billionaires and corporations — massive tax cuts; pardon January 6th perpetrators who attacked our Capitol, not far from here.  They would cut Social Security and Medicare.  They intend to end the Affordable Care Act and threaten the health care of more than 5 million Latinos in our country.  All based on — I’m sure many of you saw the debate — (applause) — so, on that point about the Affordable Care Act — all based on “concepts of a plan.”  (Laughter and applause.)  “Concepts.”  “Concepts.”

     Their Project 2025 agenda would pull our nation backward.  But we are not going back.  We are not going back.  (Applause.)  We are not going back. 

    Instead, together, we will chart a new way forward because ours is a fight for the future.  And it is a fight for freedom — the freedom to vote, the freedom to be safe from gun violence, the freedom to live without fear of bigotry and hate, the freedom to love who you love openly and with pride, and the freedom of a woman to make decisions about her own body — (applause) — and not have her government telling her what to do.  (Applause.)  

    And understand, on that last point, how we got here.  Everyone here knows.  Donald Trump hand-selected three members of the United States Supreme Court with the intention that they would do just what they did, which is to overturn the protections of Roe v. Wade.  And now, in more than 20 states, we have a Trump abortion ban, which criminalized health care providers — in one state, providing prison for life.

    You guys may have heard the story — many here — about the stories about — the horrendous most recent story is about what happened in Georgia.

     Many of these Trump abortions bans that make no exception for rape or incest, it’s immoral.  It’s immoral.

     And today, 40 percent of Latinas in America live in a state with a Trump abortion ban. 

     So, imagine if she is a working woman — understand that the majority of women who seek abortion care are mothers — understand what that means for her.  So, she’s got to now travel to another state.  God help her that she has some extra money to pay for that plane ticket.  She’s got to figure out what to do with her kids.  God help her if she has affordable childcare.  Imagine what that means.

    She has to leave her home to go to a airport, stand in a TSA line — like, think about this.  You know, everybody here is — is — you’re policy leaders.  I always say to my team, especially the young people I mentor, on any public policy, you have to ask, “How is this going to affect a real person?”  Ask how it would affect a real people.  Go through the details.

     So, she’s got to stand in a TSA line to get on a plane, sitting next to a perfect stranger, going to a city where she’s never been, to go and receive a medical procedure.  She’s going to have to get right back to the airport, because she — got to get back to those kids.  And it’s not like her best friend can go with her, because the best friend is probably taking care of the kids.  All because these people have decided they’re in a better position to tell her what’s in her best interest than she is to know.
        
     It’s just simply wrong.

    And I think we all know one does not have to abandon their faith or deeply held beliefs to agree the government should not be telling a woman what to do.  If she chooses — (applause) — if she chooses, she will talk with her priest, her pastor, her rabbi, her imam, but not the government telling her what to do.

     And I pledge to you, when CHC helps pass a law to restore reproductive freedoms, as president of the United States, I will proudly sign it into law.  (Applause.)  Proudly.  Proudly. 

     So, friends, we have some work to do — in fact, a lot of hard work ahead of us.  But we like hard work.  Hard work is good work.  Hard work is joyful work, I say.  And I truly believe that America is ready to turn the page on the politics of division and hate. 

    And to do it, our nation is counting on the leaders here, your power, your activism.  And so, I thank you in advance for your work to register people to vote and get people to the polls.  Each of us has a job to do.

    As we celebrate this month, we know we stand on broad shoulders of people before us who have passed us now the baton — those heroes who fought for freedom who have now passed the baton onto us.

         And the bottom line is: We know what we stand for, so we know what to fight for.  And when we fight —

         AUDIENCE:  We win.

         THE VICE PRESIDENT:  — we win.

         God bless you.  And God bless the United States of America.  Thank you.  (Applause.)

                                 END                1:08 P.M. EDT

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI USA News: FACT SHEET: Biden-⁠ Harris Administration Releases U.S. Strategy on Global  Development

    Source: The White House

    Today, the White House launched the U.S. Strategy on Global Development to codify the Biden-Harris Administration’s commitment and work over the past four years to accelerate development progress in pursuit of a world that is more free, open, prosperous, and secure.  Our approach to global development – rooted in partnership, transparency, and a commitment to sustainable outcomes – positions the United States to better meet the challenges of today and tomorrow in coordination with global partners. 

    The world is at a critical moment.  People around the globe are struggling to cope with the effects of compounding crises and challenges that cross borders – whether it is climate change, food insecurity, pandemics, or fragility and conflict.  At the same time, in this age of interdependence in which we must find new and better ways to work together to confront shared challenges, geopolitical competition is also reshaping the global development system.  Our affirmative development agenda reinforces the United States’ commitment to promoting a world in which everyone can live in dignity, all people are afforded equal opportunity, and no one is left behind. 

    THE NEW GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

    The U.S. Strategy on Global Development articulates an integrated, whole-of-government approach, building on more than 75 years of U.S. leadership and investment in global development as a strategic, economic, and moral imperative.  The United States remains committed to accelerating development progress around the world and to fully implementing the ambitious, 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by 194 nations in 2015.  More than halfway to 2030, we are collectively only on track to achieve 15 percent of the SDGs targets.

    The United States has redoubled its efforts to protect hard-won development gains and to help developing country partners meet urgent needs, by leveraging the full suite of tools, resources, and expertise across 21 U.S. Government Departments and Agencies.  In the first three years of the Biden-Harris Administration, we invested [more than $150 billion and mobilized billions more in private sector investment] to drive progress on the SDGs. 

    Today, U.S. global development investments are better targeted to achieve sustainable development outcomes and to maximize critical partnerships with other donors, the private sector, international financial institutions, multilateral organizations, and nongovernmental partners.  The Strategy sets out five strategic objectives:

    • Reduce Poverty through Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth and Quality Infrastructure Development.  For the first time in decades, we saw an increase in extreme poverty and inequality during the pandemic.  We recognize that many countries and communities around the world continue to struggle economically following the COVID-19 crisis.  The United States is committed to promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth – growth that improves the lives of all members of society, including those in vulnerable situations. In the first three years of the Biden-Harris Administration, we have invested over $58.5 billion to reduce poverty and advance shared prosperity.  We have also accelerated investment in high-quality infrastructure as key driver of sustainable and inclusive economic growth and development.  Over the last three years through the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment, we have mobilized nearly $60 billion in public and private sector funding for infrastructure investments to advance climate resilience, energy security, secure digital connectivity, health and health security, agriculture and food security, and water and sanitation.

    We have also led a global effort to reform the multilateral development banks to equip these institutions to better address today’s complex development challenges like climate change, pandemics, and fragility and conflict.  Addressing these challenges is integral to achieving their core mandates to end extreme poverty and promote sustainable, inclusive, and resilient development.  Recognizing that too many countries around the world are forced to make tough choices between making debt payments or investing in their own development progress and addressing global challenges, the Biden-Harris Administration launched the Nairobi-Washington Vision, calling on the international community to step up support for developing countries committed to ambitious reforms and investments that are held back by high debt burdens. 

    • Invest in Health, Food Security, and Human Capital.  The United States is committed to sustaining critical investments in the fundamentals of all thriving societies: health, food security, and human capital.  The United States continues to build resilient, responsive, and sustainably financed health systems, accelerate efforts towards universal health coverage, and promote primary health care and health equity.  As infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics are increasing in both severity and frequency, U.S. leadership on global health security saves lives and strengthens health systems abroad, while keeping Americans safer at home.   The United States has led an international effort to vaccinate the world against COVID‑19 – donating more than 692 million doses to 117 countries – while simultaneously investing in strengthening countries’ capabilities to prevent, detect, and respond to future global health threats.  The Biden-Harris Administration has sustained the United States’ longstanding leadership and investments in the fight to end HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria as public health threats by 2030, including through robust commitments to the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), which has saved more than 25 million lives to date, and a commitment to five-year authorization.  The Biden-Harris Administration remains committed to securing a clean, five-year reauthorization for PEPFAR that is fully funded.  President Biden also led the historic replenishment of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria in 2022, which raised $15.7 billion.  In June, we announced a new five-year commitment to GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance, totaling at least $1.58 billion, to help reach the goal of vaccinating more than 500 million more children and save more than 8 million lives by 2030.

    Meanwhile, hunger and malnutrition are affecting the world’s most marginalized communities.  After decades of progress, a series of unprecedented shocks and stresses –exacerbated by the climate crisis – have reversed many development gains.  An estimated 152 million more people are hungry today than in 2019. The United States continues to lead global efforts to address food insecurity, having invested over $20 billion, including through Feed the Future, to boost food production, provide critical aid to reduce malnutrition, build more resilient food systems, and strengthen countries’ capacity to better withstand shocks. The Biden-Harris Administration also remains committed to supporting human capital development, including and especially children and youth, by expanding access to quality, inclusive, safe, and equitable education. In the first three years of the Administration, we have invested over $4.2 billion to support efforts to expand education access.

    • Decarbonize the Economy and Increase Climate Resilience. The climate crisis has reached existential proportions, shattering records for catastrophic droughts and extreme weather events, decimating livelihoods, and undermining health, food, and water security.  This is the decisive decade for tackling the climate crisis, and the Biden-Harris Administration is advancing bold efforts at the nexus of decarbonization, energy security, and energy access.  In the first three years of the Administration, the United States has invested over $1.9 billion to expand energy access and over $4.5 billion to combat climate change.  We have taken steps to doing our part to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius by putting in place ambitious policies to achieve at least a 50 percent decrease in emissions domestically by 2030. 

    Through the President’s Emergency Plan for Adaptation and Resilience, we are helping strengthen the climate resilience of countries and communities, supporting more than half a billion people reduce risks and adapt to climate change-related impacts by 2030.  We have bolstered efforts to increase inclusive, transparent, and accountable access to climate finance for developing partner countries, in pursuit of the President’s commitment to work with Congress to increase U.S.-provided international climate finance to $11 billion annually.  Building on the Inflation Reduction Act, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, and the CHIPS and Science Act, the United States is helping developing country partners reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase clean energy access, through data-driven clean and just energy transitions, green transportation, climate-smart agriculture, and efforts to halt deforestation to preserve carbon critical landscapes. 

    • Promote Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance, and Address Fragility and Conflict. Democracy and human rights are under threat worldwide.  Over the last decade, there has been a resurgence of authoritarianism and democratic backsliding.  Conflict is on the rise across the globe and threatens to undermine future progress on all SDGs.  In response, the United States has invested $27.2 billion in the first three years of the Biden-Harris Administration to promote peaceful and inclusive societies, access to justice, and building effective and accountable institutions.  Through the Presidential Initiative for Democratic Renewal and the U.S. Strategy on Countering Corruption, the United States has made historic commitments to promote accountability, advance digital democracy, support free and independent media, fight corruption, bolster human rights and democratic reformers, and defend free and fair elections.  Given that this decade will likely experience levels of conflict not seen since the 1980s, we are also taking steps to promote stability, prevent and respond to conflict and violence, and address the drivers of fragility, including through the U.S. Strategy to Prevent Conflict and Promote Stability, the U.S. Women, Peace and Security Strategy, and the U.S. Strategy to Prevent, Anticipate and Respond to Atrocities
    • Respond to Humanitarian Needs.  At a moment of unprecedented global need, the United States continues to be the world’s leading single-country humanitarian donor.  Under the Biden-Harris Administration, we have provided over $49 billion to programs delivering principled, live-saving humanitarian assistance to people in need around the world.  This critical funding has saved lives, alleviated human suffering, and reduced the impact of disasters by supporting people and communities in the most vulnerable situations to become more resilient to shocks and stressors.  On average, the United States responds to 75 crises in 70 countries each year, reaching tens of millions of people around the world with life-saving humanitarian assistance, including food, water, shelter, health care, and other critical aid.  In an era of ever-increasing needs, we are also taking steps to unlock new and innovative financing to support more sustainable solutions, reducing the need for humanitarian assistance over time, while promoting cost-effective systemic reforms.

    In the face of global challenges, we are committed to reclaiming lost development gains and accelerating collective progress toward the SDGs.  A more secure and prosperous world is only possible when we stand together to tackle complex global challenges and advance dignity and freedom for all.

    ###

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI USA News: Remarks by President  Biden at the Economic Club of Washington,  D.C.

    Source: The White House

    1:15 P.M. EDT

    THE PRESIDENT:  Hello, hello, hello.  (Applause.)  Thank you, David.  In my household, we refer to David as the Washington Monument.  (Laughter.)  He’s been a friend a long time — a long time.  And not only thank you for the introduction, David, but thank you for your friendship. 

    And thank you all for being here and allowing me to be here. 

    Yesterday was an important day for the county, in my view.  Two and a half years after the Federal Reserve began raising interest rates, it announced that it would begin lowering interest rates.

    I think it’s good news for consumers, and it means the cost of buying a home, a car, and so much more will be going down.  And it’s good news, in my view, for the overall economy, because lower borrowing costs will support economic growth. 

    And it’s an important signal from the Fed- — from the Federal Reserve to the nation that after repeated interest hikes to cool down inflation, inflation has come back down, and the Fed — the Fed is lowering — switched to lowering rates to keep the country growing — the economy growing.

    At its peak, as you all know, inflation was 9.1 percent in the United States.  Today, it is much closer to 2 percent. 

    That doesn’t mean our work is done.  Far from it.  Far from it. 

    No one should confuse why I am here.  I’m not here to take a victory lap.  I’m not here to say, “A job well done.”  I’m not here to say, “We don’t have a hell of a lot more work to do.”  We do have more work to do. 

    But what I am here to speak about is how far we’ve come, how we got here, and, most importantly, the foundation that I believe [we’ve] built for a more prosperous and equitable future in America. 

    So, let’s be clear.  The Fed lowering interest rates is- — isn’t a declaration of victory.  It’s a declaration of progress.   It’s a signal we’ve entered a new phase of our economy and our recovery. 

    You know, I believe the [it’s] important for the country to recognize this progress, because — because if we don’t, the progress we made will remain locked in the fear of negative mindset and dominate our economic outlook since the pandemic began, instead of seeing the immense opportunities in front of us right now. 

    It’s — this is a moment, in my view, for business to feel greater confidence to invest, hire, and to expand.  It’s a moment for individuals to feel greater confidence buying a home, a new car, starting a family, starting a new business.  

    We’ve — we’re creating jobs.  [Un]employment remains very low.  Small-business creation is at its historic highs.  The economy is growing.  The main challenge we’ve had — it’s been a painful one but — has been the pandemic and the inflation it created, causing enormous pain and hardship for families all across America.  That’s not true just for us but for every major economy in the world. 

    But now — now inflation is coming down in the United States.  And the fact is, it’s come down faster and lower than almost any other [of the] world’s advanced economies. 

    So now, instead of looking at interest rates increases, interest rates are going to be coming down, and they’re expected to go down further.  And that’s a good place for us to be.  (Applause.)

    Now, a lot of people, as you all know — maybe you know a few — thought we’d never get here.  When Kamala and I came to office, 3,000 people a day were dying of COVID — 3,000 a day.  Millions of Americans had lost their jobs, their businesses.  And the global economy was in a tailspin. 

    Four years ago, we inherited the worst pandemic in a century and the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression.  In fact, my predecessor was one of just a few — two presidents in American history who left office with fewer jobs than the day he came into office.  The other?  Herbert Hoover. 

    When I came to office, there was no real plan in place — no plan to deal with the pandemic, no plan to get the economy back on its feet.  Nothing — virtually nothing. 

    In fact, the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office predicted we wouldn’t — they wouldn’t see a full recovery until well after the end of my first term in office.  But I refused to accept that, like many of you refused to accept it. 

    I came into office determined not only to deliver immediate economic relief for the American people but to transform the way our economy works over the long term; to write a new economic playbook, grow the economy from the middle out and the bottom up, not just the top down; put workers first; support unions to make sure workers have a bargaining clout they need to get a fair price to grow that pie — and after all, it’s the productivity that’s — they — they’re the productivity baked into that pie, in my view; no one — leave no one behind; foster fair — fair competition; invest in all of America and in all Americans. 

    When we do things for the poor and have — they have a ladder up, the middle class does very well, and the wealthy continue to do very well.  We all do well.  And we are doing well.  Working families and the middle class are the center of the strong, equitable, and sustainable recovery. 

    Here are the keys from the new playbook, in my view.  Within the first two months in office, I signed the American Rescue Plan, one of the most significant economic recovery packages in our history.  Not a single person on the other team — Republicans — voted for it. 

    It delivered shots in the arm for vaccines to vaccinate the nation in one of the most sophisticated logistical operations in American history.  I found it incredibly difficult to plan that.  Without protecting our nation from COVID, our economic recovery would never have taken off. 

    It also delivered immediate economic relief for those who needed it the most.  An individual earning less than $75,000 a year received a $1,400 check.  So, a family of five earning less than $150,000 a year could receive as much as $7,000.  And, by the way, in middle-class families like the one I grew up and many of you grew up in, that is a game changer.  That saved people’s sense of being. 

    It also prevented a wave — a wave of evictions, bankruptcies, and delinquencies and defaults that the previous crises weak- — weakened the recovery and left working families permanently further behind.

    I was determined to avoid what Secretary Yellen called the “economic scarring” — scarring that hurt so many Americans and left them behind in the past. 

    We delivered essential funding to states and local governments to keep essential services moving, to keep teachers and first responders on the job, to keep small businesses open, and to build more housing.  We also expanded the Child Tax Credit to cut child poverty in half. 

    And with the Butch Lewis Act, we took the most significant action in 50 years to protect the pensions of millions of union workers and retirees.  Before we acted, workers faced cuts to their pensions.  Now we’re restoring the full amount of their pensions, including for workers who previously saw cuts. 

    And there’s so much more. 

    But we also know the pandemic led to a surge in inflation all across American and the world — and the country, I should say.  And the economy shut down and then opened back up in an unprecedented manner.  Shipping had stalled.  Factories shut down.  Inflation grew worse after Putin invaded Ukraine, which sent food prices skyrocketing and energy prices soaring around the world. 

    So, we immediately brought together business and labor to fix the problem with broken supply chains and unclog our ports, trucking networks, and shipping lines. 

    Remember those massive cargo ships stuck outside the port of Loa- — of Los Angeles, delaying deliveries and driving up prices during the holiday season?  Remember that?  Remember the shortage of baby formula and the crisis that caused?  Well, we got supply chains back to normal.  When we did that, inflation began to ease.  Doesn’t solve, but ease.

    It also — I also — I also rallied our allies to stand against Putin’s aggression.  In the beginning, there wasn’t a whole lot of support for that.  I warned them all.  I got clearance from the intelligence community to let them know when he was going to invade.  They didn’t believe it was going to happen.  But he invaded exactly when I said he was.  Led the world to realize that we had a real problem.

    And it — releasing oil reserves to stabilize global markets to — and, by the way, our gas prices are now down to $3.22, lower than before the invasion — (applause) — and $3 — below $3 a gallon in 14 states, including Delaware.  (Laughter and applause.)  I can go home now, past the gas station.  (Laughter.)

    Energy production for all — from all sources is now at record highs in America — record highs. 

    And unlike my predecessor, I respect the Federal Reserve’s independence as they pursued — it’s a mandate — to bring inflation down.  That independence has served the country well. 

    And, by the way, I’ve never once spoken to the chairman of the Fed since I became president.  It’ll also do enormous damage to our economy if that independence is ever lost. 

    You know, my new economic playbook also rejects the long-held conventional view among economists — many economists — that we had to lower our ambitions to bring inflation down. 

    After I took action to rescue the economy, we got relief to families that needed it.  Some experts predicted that people would have a — that we would leave the labor market and not come back to work.  They referred to this as “the Great Resignation.”  Remember that?  The Great Resignation.

    Well, to state the obvious, they were dead wrong.  We now have the highest working-age employment in decades.  (Applause.)  

    Other critics said it would take the loss of millions of Americans’ jobs to — and a decline in real wages and, yes, the recession to get inflation back down.  Possible, but I refused to accept that.  I believed, sometimes over the amazement of my staff, that we should seize the moment to finally invest in all of America and all Americans for decades to come.  We did just that with what I call our Investing in America agenda. 

    How can we have the strongest economy in the world without the most advanced infrastructure in the world?  How can that be?

         That’s why I wrote and worked so hard to pass the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, the most significant law in generations, to modernize our roads, bridges, ports, airports, trains, buses; removing every lead pipe from schools and homes so every child could drink clean water; providing affordable — (applause) — providing affordable high-speed Internet for every American, no matter where they live, not unlike what Franklin Roosevelt did. 

    Remember what he did?  You don’t remember.  You weren’t around, nor — by the way, I wasn’t — (laughter) — I’m old, but I wasn’t there either.  (Laughter.)  But he decided that rural America had to have access to electricity.

    The Internet is a — as a — is as critical as electricity was during his period. 

    I remember saying that to my younger staff, who looked at me, “Well, what are you talking about?”  (Laughter.)

    But look, we’re growing our economy.  We got more to do.  We’re improving our quality of life.  We’re literally building a better America because of all of you.  

    In fact, “Buy American” has been the law of the land since the 1930s.  And I have to admit to you, Tommy, the — “Tommy,” excuse me — Congressman Carper, my buddy — (laughter) — I didn’t realize that when they wrote the law in ‘33 about unions organizing, they also had a provision in there: Any money — it says any money the president is sent from the Congress to invest on an investment in America should use American workers and use American products.  Past administrations, including my predecessor, failed to buy American.  Not anymore.      

    Kamala and I are making sure the federal projects building American roads, bridges, highways, and so much more beyond that, like aircraft carriers and tanks, they will be made with American products and built by American workers, creating good-paying American jobs. 

    How can we be the strongest nation in the world without leading the world in science and technology?  I mean, think about it.  We walked away for a long while in investing in science and technology as a government.   

    During the pandemic, the American people learned about supply chains.  You know, I remember going home and saying, “Well, the supply chain.”  And my family, “The supply chain?  What the hell is a supply chain?”  (Laughter.)  No, but I’m serious.  Think about it.  It became common knowledge what a supply — what we’re talking about to all — the average American.

    And the shortage of semiconductors, those little tiny computer chips smaller than a tip of your finger that power everything — but every — everyday lives, from smartphones, to automobiles and dishwashers, to advanced weapon systems, and so much more.  Think about it.  It takes over 3,000 chips to build an automobile.  Remember the crisis when we didn’t have access to those in the automobile industry? 

    And, by the way, we invented these chips here in America.  And we still design the most sophisticated chips in the world. 

    But over time, my predecessors thought it was better to manufacture those chips overseas because the labor was cheaper.  That’s why they went overseas. 

    The result: When the pandemic shut down those chip factories overseas, the price of everything went up because we didn’t have enough chips here in America. 

    We learned the hard way that one of the best ways to strengthen our supply chi- — our supply chain is to make sure the supply chains starts in America — starts in America.  (Applause.) 

    And, by the way, if I could hold in the back there, that’s why I — I have great relationships with the European friends.  But this is one where they go, “Whoa.”  (Laughter.)  That’s why I literally wrote and signed the CHIPS and Science Act, to bring manufacturing back home and so much more. 

    As a result, private companies from around the world are now investing tens of billions of dollars to build new chip factories right here in America — in New York, Ohio, Arizona — all across the country.  

    You know, it takes time to build these factories.  But the number of construction workers is way up, and they’re making good salaries — already creating tens of thousands of jobs in construction facilities.  But the American public is going, “Well, where’s all this going, Biden?”  Because they haven’t s- — they expected this to happen overnight.  You got to build the factories first.

    When these factories are finally built, we’ll have tens of thousands of jobs running those factories — so-called fabs.  As you all know — this is one audience I don’t have to explain it to — they’re — these fabs are bigger than football fields, creating jobs that are going to pay over $100,000 a year, and you don’t need a college degree.

    And it’s going to generate such economic growth when the one outs- — in — outside of Columbus, Ohio — a thousand acres.  I call it a field of dreams.

    The old playbook was to go abroad to the cheapest labor, export American jobs, and import foreign products.  Our new playbook is we export American products and create American jobs right here in America where they belong.  (Applause.)

    But that’s not all.  I wrote and signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act, the most significant climate law ever, anywhere in the history of the world.  When I say “I wrote,” I actually did write some of this, my — my daughter would say, “with my own paw.”  (Laughter.) 

    Skeptics told me we couldn’t get it done.  Remember?  We couldn’t get this done; there was no possibility of this.  There wasn’t a consensus.  And if we did it, it would be too late and too little.  But we did it with your help: $369 billion for climate and clean energy, more than ever happened in the history of the world.

    Not a single one of the opposition — Republican friends — voted for it.  It took Vice President Harris to cast the tiebreaking vote in the Senate. 

    The Inflation Reduction Act is going to help cut carbon emissions in half by 2030, and we’re well on the way, including — well, I won’t go into it all — and creating hundreds of thousands of good-paying clean energy jobs for American workers.  I set up a Climate Corps, just like the Peace Corps; it’s going to — you watch what happens with that.

    Lower energy costs for families with tax credits to install rooftop solar and efficient-energy appliances, to weatherize your windows and doors with high-tech insulation, more efficient heating and cooling systems — and get a tax credit for doing it and grow employment and grow the economy — and so much more. 

    And, again, many of you are doing — you’re the ones doing it.  You’re creating these good-paying jobs. 

    The Inflation Reduction Act also focused on lowering costs for prescription drugs. 

    There was a law in America that I fought like hell as a senator — and a lot of others who did for a long, long time — to change the law: The only agency that could not negotiate prices was Medicare.  For years, many other members of Congress fought — for decades — to change that and give Medicare the power to negotiate lower drug prices, like the VA is able to lower dr- — negotiate drug prices for veterans. 

    Well, with the Inflation Reduction Act, we finally beat Big Pharma.  And we finally gave Medicare the power to negotiate lower prescription drug prices. 

    And now — millions of seniors have diabetes, as one example, but now, instead of paying up to $400 a month for that insulin for their diabetes, they’re only paying 35 bucks a month — 35 bucks. 

    And they’re still making a hell of a profit, by the way.  You know how much it costs to make that insulin?  Ten dollars.  T-E-N dollars.  Ten dollars.  Package the whole thing, you get up to $13.

    And, by the way, if I had Air Force One sitting out there, I could get you in the plane and take you anywhere in the world, any major capital.  Whatever prescription you have, I can get it for you cheaper in Toronto, London, Berlin, Rome — anywhere around the world.

    But it’s just beginning.  The same law says that starting this January — we don’t have to cha- — any new changes with the law, the existing law — every senior’s total prescription drug cost will be capped at $2,000 a year, no matter how expensive their drugs are, even expensive cancer drugs that cost 10-, 12-, 14,000 bucks a year. 

    And these reforms don’t just save seniors money, but, equally important, they save every American taxpayer money.  Just so far, these reforms will save American taxpayers $160 billion over the next decade because Medicare won’t have to pay — spend (inaudible).  (Applause.)

    And, by the way, that weight-loss medicine is just getting going, man, that debate.  (Laughter.)  Watch.

    All told, we’re proving that we can bring down inflation while safeguarding hard-won gains in jobs and real wages in American workers. 

    Today, a record 16 million jobs created, more than any other single presidential term. 

    When I took office, more than 2 million women left the workforce due to the pandemic.  If you listen to these other guys, they think women don’t want to work.  They don’t know women in America.  (Applause.)  No, I’m serious.  Watch.  Watch, watch, watch.

    And speaking of watches, on my watch — (laughter) — we reversed the loss.  We actually increased the number of women working by an addition 2 million women in the workforce.  (Applause.)  

    And, by the way, we have the highest share of working-age women on jobs since 1948, when we started — and we’re — and we — we started to keep track back then.  With wages up, incomes up for women workers, we’ve always believed women should be paid equally for equal work.  And there’s not a single damn job a woman can’t do that a man can do, including being president of the United States of America.  (Applause.) 

    You all think I’m kidding.  My younger sister used to be three years younger than me.  She’s now 20 years younger.  (Laughter.)  Went to the same university, took the same courses.  She graduated with honors; I graduated.  (Laughter.)  She’s the one who should be — anyway.  (Laughter.)

    Nineteen million people have applied to start new businesses.  That’s a record.  And here’s the thing about those new businesses: Every application to start a new business is an act of hope.  It’s an act of optimism, hope. 

    More Americans have health insurance than ever before, and I don’t think that should be something we should sneeze at.  Everyone deserves basic health care. 

    The racial wealth gap — (applause) — is the smallest in 20 years. 

    Remember how many economists thought we’d need a recession to bring down inflation?  There was even a major financial news headline, which I’ll not reference, saying, “100 percent chance of a recession in 2023.”  Well, instead, our economy grew by more than 3 percent last year, and inflation came way down.  (Applause.) 

    American households came out of the crisis — American households — with stronger balance sheets, higher incomes, greater wealth.  And all that progress is a remarkable testament to the resilience and determination of the American people.  They’re the one — I mean, determination of American workers; of American entrepreneurs, like all of you; American business. 

    It’s in stark contrast to my predecessor’s record.  His failure in handling the pandemic led to hundreds of thousands of Americans dying because of COVID.  Remember “just inject a little dye, you’ll be okay”? 

    His failure to lead the economic crisis that followed that created millions of Americans — caused them to lose their jobs.  In fact, the last month of his failed term was the last month our economy lost jobs.  On my watch, the economy has created jobs every single month for nearly four years.  (Applause.)  Because of you.

    My predecessor enacted a $2 trillion tax cut that made — overwhelmingly benefited the very wealthy and the biggest corporations.  Made you feel good, I’m sure.  But guess what?  We don’t have to hurt corporations.  We don’t have to — I come from the corporate state of the world.  For 36 years, I represented the state — Tom and I — that had more corporations incorporated in Delaware than every other nation in the United States of America — every other state in the nation — the entire nation — in the state of Delaware.

    But what did his policies do?  It increased the federal deficit significantly, more than any other previous presidential term.  And the federal deficit went up every single year of his presidency and left office with the largest annual deficit in American history: $3 trillion. 

    And now he not only would give another $5 trillion tax cut for the very wealthy and the biggest corporations, he wants a new sales tax on imported goods — food, gasoline, clothing, and more.  As most of you know, such policies would cost the average American family nearly $4,000 a year. 

    But he and his allies say they support workers and the middle class.  Give me a break.

    On my watch, we’ve created over 700,000 manufacturing jobs.  He lost 170,000 manufacturing jobs in four years.  On our watch, factory construction is at a record high.  It increased 210 percent.  On the other team’s watch, factory construction barely increased 2 percent. 

    On my watch, the trade deficit with China declined to its lowest level in a decade.  On his watch, the trade deficit with China soared. 

    On my watch, we’re seeing a record stock market and record 401(k)s. 

    And the bottom line is I’m a capitalist.  I wish I had more stock.  (Laughter.)  But I believe capitalism is the greatest force to grow the economy for everybody.  I really mean it. 

    Now, don’t point to the fact that for 36 — this time I’m going to point out to you — when they did the income of all the members of Congress, I was listed as the poorest man in Congress.  (Laughter.)  I never thought I was poor.  I had a decent salary as a senator.

    But we face a fundamental choice.  For the past 40 years, too many leaders have sworn by an economic theory that has not worked very well at all: trickle-down economics.  Cut taxes for the very wealthy — and they deserve having taxes cut — but cut for the very wealthy and hope the benefits trickle down.

    Well, guess what?  Not a whole lot trickled down to my dad’s kitchen table. 

    It’s clear, especially under my predecessor, that trickle-down economics failed.  And he’s promised it again — trickle-down economics — but it will fail again.

    In fact, President Clinton pointed out that since the end of the Cold War in ‘89, America has created about 51 million jobs.  Of those 51 million jobs in that period, the economy under Democratic presidents created 50 million — a fact — 50 million of those.  And the economy under Republican presidents created 1 million of those new jobs. 

    Folks, I’ve laid out a better choice, in my view, to grow the economy from the middle out and the bottom up.  I promised to be a president to all Americans, whether they voted for me or not.  And I kept that promise, making a lot of Democrats very angry because studies show that I signed actually — one of the laws I signed actually delivered more benefits to red states than to blue states.  That’s a fact.  More went to Republican states than Democratic states.  That may not have been good politics, but I believe it’s good for the country.  And I kept my promise.

    Today, we are better positioned than any nation in the world to truly win the economic competition of the 21st century, in my view.  And there’s so much more we can do.    

    We’re going to continue bringing down prices for families by building more affordable housing, making childcare more affordable — and, by the way, you make it more affordable, it increases economic growth — growth — growth — by continuing to lower health care costs as well. 

    We’re continuing fighting to make sure everyone — everyone pays their fair share in taxes. 

    And, by the way, I hope some of you out there are billionaires, but paying 8.2 percent ain’t quite enough.  If you just paid 25 percent, it would generate enough income — $500 billion over the next 10 years.  We could cut the deficit.  And be paying 25 percent wouldn’t — anyway, I don’t want to get into it.  If I get going, might — (laughter).

    But my point is that includes restoring the — extended the Child Care Tax Credit to cut child poverty in half. 

    We’re determined to lower prescription drug costs not just for seniors but for everyone, helping the federal budget and household budgets and so much more. 

    I’m sorry to go on so long.  Let me close with this.  I probably — you know, early in my term, I traveled — to the skepticism of some of my own team and many of the Democrats — to South Korea to meet with President (inaudible) and — President Hu in — in Sou- — in South Korea and the CEO of Samsung.  They were manufacturing a significant portion of the chips in the world.

    And I sat with them and I encouraged both of them to invest in America.  And they agreed.  What surprised me, when I asked the CEO of Samsung why he was prepared to invest billions of dollars to build chip factories in the United States, they mentioned two reasons: because of our workforce, which I know we have the best workers in the world.  And second, they said we have the safest, the most secure nation in the world in which to invest. 

    And now, as I stand here in front of some of the most signifi- — significant business leaders and successful business leaders in the country, we also know we have the best research universities in the world — the best in the world.  We have the most dynamic capitalist system in the world. 

    But here’s what we can’t take for granted.  We have stability because we have a rule of law.  Our democracy is unparalleled. 

    I know I talk about the — a lot about democracy from the first time I ran.  But it’s really under stress.  For real.  We can never lose those democratic principles.

    American business, our economic dynamism can’t succeed, in my view, without a stability and security that makes us the envy of the world — and we are.

    Four years ago, we’ve gone from a histor- — historic crisis to greater progress than any of us thought possible.  We did it with a new playbook based on one of the most im- — oldest truths of our nation: Believe in America.  Invest in America.  That’s the truth. 

    Give the American people half a chance.  They have never, ever, ever, ever, ever let the country down.  Give them a full chance, and watch them lift us up to endless possibilities.  (Applause.)

    That’s what I see in this room.  Incredible — I really mean this, and I’m not trying to be solicitous with you — an incredibly — incredible business leaders, innovators who embody that sense of possibilities.

    You know, I spent more time with Xi Jinping than any world leader has: over 90 hours with him alone, traveled 17,000 miles with him in the United States and a — and in — and in China. 

    We were in the Tibetan Plateau, and he looked at me.  He said, “Can you define America for me?”  And, by the way, I gave all my notes in, so they have this.  (Laughter.)  And I said, “Yeah, I can define America in one word” — and I mean this from the bottom of my heart; I mean this from the bottom of my heart — “Possibilities.” 

    We’re a nation of possibilities.  We think big.  We believe big.  We sometimes fail, but we think big. 

    I have never been more optimistic about America’s future.  We just have to remember who the hell we are and how far we’ve come together.  We’re the United States of America, and there’s nothing — virtually nothing we cannot do when we act together.

    So, keep it up, folks.  We need you badly.

    God bless you all.  And may God protect our troops.  Thank you.  (Applause.)

    1:47 P.M. EDT

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: UN Special Envoy for road safety visits Latin America to battle silent pandemic on the roads

    Source: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

    The United Nations (UN) Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for Road Safety, Jean Todt, will visit Ecuador (20-21 August), Peru (22-24) and Chile (24-28) this week. During the visit, he will meet with key government officials, representatives of the international community, private, and public sectors to promote road safety initiatives and advocate for enhanced measures. This aligns with the Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2021-2030, aiming to halve road fatalities by 2030. This mission takes place a few weeks after the adoption of the new UN resolution for improving road safety ahead the 4th Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety to be held in Marrakech, Morocco on 18 and 19 February 2025.

    A silent pandemic…

    In the region of Latin America and the Caribbean, 110,000 people die and more than 5 million are injured annually in road crashes (IDB 2024). Road crashes are the leading cause of death for children between the ages of 5 and 14 and the second leading cause for young adults, representing a significant social and economic burden.

    … and an economic and development issue  

    These countries are losing people in their most productive years, which, In addition to the human tragedy, traps countries into a vicious circle of poverty. According to the World Bank, the cost of road crashes represents 2 to 6 % of GDP in the region.  Another reason to rethink mobility and to invest in road safety.

    An efficient and safe road system with good private and public transportation facilities also means a better access to education, health care, food in an equitable way. Such a system also connects all parts of a country and society, contributing to building economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas.

    Latin America is one of the most urbanized regions in the world. Road safety should be therefore at the heart of cities’ development strategies, with increased focus on bicycles and pedestrians’ lines and itineraries, particularly around schools, and access to safe and clean public transport for all.

    During his mission, the Special Envoy will also advocate for more investment for road safety, including through the United Nations Road Safety Fund (UNRSF) which is running several projects in the region.

    “In Latin America, investing in road safety is key if we want to achieve our goal to halve the number of victims on the road by 2030. It will also help the region to decongestion cities with streets designed for pedestrians and bicycles and efficient public transport accessible to all stressed the UNSG’s Special Envoy Jean Todt.

    Solutions exist

    The good news is that solutions exist. Law enforcement, urgent investment in education, better post-crash services, enhancing road infrastructure and vehicles, integrating advanced safety technologies are part of the recipe to stop the carnage on the road. Furthermore, mobilizing political leadership is essential to increase action and funding. Awareness campaigns also contributes to promote responsible behavior among all road users.

    Ecuador faces critical road safety challenges with high fatality rates

    According to the World Health Organization (WHO)’s Global Status Report on Road Safety 2023, Ecuador has seen a concerning rise in road fatalities, with a mortality rate of 23 per 100,000 people, which is more than three times the European average (6,5 per 100,000 people).

    During his visit to the country, the Special Envoy will hold important meetings with high-ranking officials from the Foreign Minister, the Minister of Education, the Mayor of Quito, officials from the Ministry of Economy and Finance, and the United Nations Country Team. Additionally, he will participate in a dialogue with representatives from the Ecuadorian Automotive Companies Association, civil society, and other road safety partners, emphasizing the urgent need for actions on this issue, both nationally and throughout Latin America.

    24.7 million trips per year in Metropolitan Lima

    According to the World Health Organization (WHO)’s Global Status Report on Road Safety 2023, Peru has a road traffic fatality rate of 13 per 100,000 people, which is more that the double of the European average (6,5 per 100,000 people).

    Currently, around 30% of the Peruvian population lives in Metropolitan Lima, the capital, generating 24.7 million trips per year, of which 57% are made by public transport, according to the Urban Transport Authority for Lima and Callao (ATU). The National Road Safety Observatory reports that, according to the National Police, in 2023 there were 87,083 traffic crashes, resulting in 58,000 injuries and 3,316 deaths. According to an unofficial Global Road Safety Facility (GRSF) estimate, the socio-economic costs of road deaths, serious injuries, and disabilities are up to 4.6% of GDP.

    In response to these challenges, the Peruvian government is prioritizing strengthening road safety institutions.

    During his mission in Peru, the Special Envoy will meet with Peruvian authorities and representatives of the private sector and civil society working in the sector.

    Raising awareness of life-saving road safety measures in Chile

    Despite recent improvement, Chile has a road traffic mortality rate of 10 per 100,000 people (World Health Organization (WHO)’s Global Status Report on Road Safety 2023). According to the most recent traffic report from the National Traffic Safety Commission of Chile (CONASET), 78,238 traffic crashes were recorded in 2023, resulting in 1,635 deaths and 45,679 injuries.

    The national authorities and civil society, with the support of the UN, increase efforts in addressing these challenges. In 2021, the United Nations Global Road Safety Week was celebrated with an intervention jointly organised by CONASET and PAHO/WHO that aimed to advocate for the establishment of 30 km/h speed limits on urban roads and to promote local support for such measures.

    Considering the exponential increase in the use of motorbikes in the country in recent years, and the proximity of the Independence Day celebrations in Chile, during his visit the Special Envoy will address the prevention of road crashes, use of helmets compliant with the UN safety regulation and promote road safety and coexistence measures.

    In this framework, he will participate in coordination meetings with government authorities, such as members of the Ministry of Transport, CONASET, Ministry of Health and the Chilean Police, as well as representatives of civil society and the private sector.

    During the visit, the Special Envoy will promote the UN-JCDecaux Global Road Safety Campaign, which aims to raise awareness of life-saving road safety measures. Launched globally in cooperation with JCDecaux Global under the motto #MakeASafetyStatement, it will run through 2025 in over 80 countries in the world, featuring safety statements from 14 global celebrities such as the F1 drivers Charles Leclerc and Mick Schumacher, singer Kylie Minogue, motorcycle race Marc Marquez, or the tennis champion Novak Djokovic. The messages the celebrities focus on mitigating risk factors on the road. Key aspects include wearing a seat belt, driving slowly, wearing a helmet, not texting and driving, not driving under the influence or while tired, and respecting pedestrians.

    MIL OSI United Nations News

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for Road Safety Jean Todt to launch UN Global Road Safety Campaign in Italy

    Source: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

    The UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for Road Safety, Jean Todt, will be in Milan on 2 September to launch the UN global campaign #MakeASafetyStatement, in partnership with JCDecaux. The launch event will gather Mr. Giuseppe Sala, Mayor of Milan and Mr. Matteo Salvini, Vice-President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Infrastructure and Transport of Italy.  

    The silent pandemic 

    Every year, the staggering toll of road-related fatalities claims the lives of 1.19 million people, leaving countless others with severe injuries. This silent pandemic overwhelmingly affects developing nations, where over 90% of the road traffic fatalities occur. Furthermore, road crashes are a leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5–29 years. The campaign aligns with the Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2021-2030, aiming to halve road fatalities by 2030. This launch in Italy takes place a few weeks after the of the adoption of the new UN resolution for improving road safety ahead the 4th Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety to be held in Marrakech, Morocco on 18 and 19 February 2025. 

    Road safety in Italy  
    Since 2001, the mortality rate in Italy has decreased by 42%, in line with the overall trend in the European Union. According to the European Road safety Observatory, Italy’s road traffic fatality rate stands at 5.2 per 100,000 people in 2023 (4.6 per 100,000 people in the EU). 19% of road fatalities in Italy are women, compared to the EU average of 22%.  

    In 2020, vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists, and riders of powered two-wheelers) accounted for half of the fatalities, slightly higher than the EU average (ERSO 2023). Notably, riders of powered two-wheelers represented more than a quarter of Italy’s road fatalities compared to 18% in the EU (ERSO 2023). Italy has the lowest self-reported frequency in Europe for speeding and the highest for not wearing a seatbelt in the back seat (ERSO 2023).               

    #MakeASafetyStatement 

    The campaign seeks to reduce risk factors, especially in urban areas, enabling people to walk, live, and enjoy their environment safely.  Fourteen global, and dozens of national, celebrities have joined forces to advocate for simple and effective road safety rules in the six official UN languages.  The messages the celebrities focus on mitigate risk factors on the road. Key aspects include wearing a seat belt, driving slowly, wearing a helmet, not texting and driving, not driving under the influence or while tired, and respecting pedestrians.   

    Participating celebrities in the campaign include Football legend Mr. Didier Drogba, F1 Driver Mr. Charles Leclerc, Oscar-winning actress and UNDP Goodwill Ambassador Ms. Michelle Yeoh, Tennis legend Mr. Novak Djokovic, Musician Ms. Kylie Minogue, Motorcycle racer Mr. Marc Marquez, Supermodel Ms. Naomi Campbell, Actor Mr. Patrick Dempsey, Musician and Inspirational leader Mr. Youssou N’Dour, Actress Ms. Julie Gayet, Actor Mr. Michael Fassbender, Football icon Mr. Ousmane Dembélé, Double Olympic Champion Ms. Faith Kipyegon, F1 Driver Mr. Mick Schumacher.  

    Launch events 

    The launch in Milan, following the 2024 F1 Grand Prix in Monza, will comprise three events: 

    • 11:00-12.00 – press conference, moderated by the journalist Ms. Stefania Pinna, with the participation of Mr. Giuseppe Sala, Mayor of Milan; Mr. Matteo Salvini, Vice-President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Infrastructure and Transport of Italy; Mr. Jean Todt, UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for Road Safety and Mr. Fabrizio du Chène de Vère, Amministratore Delegato IGPDecaux. 

    Venue: Palazzo Marino, City Hall 

    Venue: Historical Atm tram Carrelli 1928, Milan 

    • 17:00-18:30 – panel discussion on road safety, hosted by Pirelli (donor to the UN Road Safety Fund), with the participation of Ms. Vicky Piria, Racing Car Driver, TV Host and Motivational Speaker; Mr. Marco Tronchetti Provera, Executive Vice Chairman of Pirelli; Mr. Matteo Salvini, Vice-President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Infrastructure and Transport of Italy; Mr. Stefano Domenicali, Manager and CEO of Formula One Group; Mr. Jean Todt, United Nations Secretary General’s Special Envoy for Road Safety ); Mr. Andrea Rustioni, Managing Director of IGPDecaux  

    Venue : Pirelli HQ 

    ————– 

    Note to editors 

    Road safety in Milan  

    Milan’s Municipality considers road safety a priority and promotes policies that encourage the use of public transportation, inter-modality of transport means, shared use of public space, the regulation of transit in selected areas, as well as active mobility on less congested and safer streets. The high number of cars in Milan – 49 per 100 inhabitants – makes the implementation of road safety policies particularly challenging. 

    In order to draw from international experiences and to avail of the knowledge of multidisciplinary professionals, in October 2023 Mayor Giuseppe Sala created a Task Force on Road Safety and Active Mobility. Its recommendations, presented in May 2024, included: putting schools and roads around schools at the centre of road safety policies; supporting the growth of safe, active mobility; installing speed bumps and redesigning intersections; widening, protecting and freeing up of space on sidewalks, as well as developing a plan for pedestrians and cyclists. Furthermore, Milan is the first city in Italy to introduce measures to counteract the so-called ‘blind spot on trucks’, effectively anticipating measures that are becoming a standard in the European Union. 

    #MakeASafetyStatement 

    MIL OSI United Nations News

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: Digitalization of Multimodal Data and Document Exchange in the Trans-Caspian Corridor using United Nations standards and reference data models

    Source: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

    This event is organized in collaboration between the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the Ministry of Economy of Georgia, the Permanent Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Commission of the Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Central Asia (PS IGC TRACECA) and other partners as a hybrid capacity-building seminar under the UN Development Account 14th tranche project “Enhanced capacities of selected countries in the ECE region for pandemic-resilient, sustainable cross-border trade and transport”.

    MIL OSI United Nations News

  • MIL-OSI Security: Valley National Bank Resolves Civil Liability Relating To Self-Disclosure Of Its Role In The Impermissible Use Of PPP Loan Proceeds By Bank Customer

    Source: United States Department of Justice (National Center for Disaster Fraud)

    Tampa, FL – Valley National Bank (VNB), a national bank and member of the Federal Reserve System, has agreed to pay $216,784.50 to resolve its civil liability under the False Claims Act for its self-disclosed role in the administration of two loans to a bank customer made under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES), the Payroll Protection Program (PPP) and Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits and Venues Act (Economic Aid Act).

    Congress created the PPP in March 2020 as part of the CARES Act to provide emergency loans to small businesses suffering economic hardship due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act authorized these businesses to seek forgiveness of the loans if they spent the loan funds on eligible expenses. The PPP was administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA).

    This settlement resolves VNB’s civil liability related to a bank customer who had applied for two PPP loans with VNB. VNB, through a bank relationship manager, assisted the customer in the impermissible use of a portion of the PPP loan proceeds from its first PPP loan to repay an outstanding loan to a third party. After learning of this conduct, VNB conducted an independent investigation and review of those issues and provided the United States with a detailed and thorough written self-disclosure. VNB cooperated fully with the government’s investigation of the conduct, disclosing relevant documents, facts, and information gathered during its investigation. Although PPP lending has ended, VNB took steps to remediate and improve the issues with its PPP lending policies and practices, including requiring PPP borrowers to open a deposit account to undergo depositor screening, retaining an accounting firm to serve as a PPP loan help desk, and utilizing a company to interface with the SBA E-Tran platform.

    “The United States Attorney’s Office is committed to investigating and holding responsible those who failed to follow the rules of the PPP program,” said U.S. Attorney Roger B. Handberg for the Middle District of Florida. “We will continue to seek civil redress and, where appropriate, federally prosecute those individuals and entities that engage in improper uses of PPP loan proceeds.”

    SBA’s General Counsel Therese Meers stated, “The favorable settlement in this case is the product of enhanced efforts by federal agencies such as the Small Business Administration working with the U.S. Attorney’s Office, other federal law enforcement agencies, as well as financial institutions or private individuals who uncover borrower misconduct to recover the lending program’s damages.”

    The resolution obtained in this case was the result of a coordinated effort by the United States Attorney’s Office for the Middle District of Florida and the Small Business Administration. The matter was handled by Assistant U.S. Attorney Kelley Howard-Allen, with assistance from the Small Business Administration – Office of General Counsel. 

    The claims resolved by the settlement are allegations only and there has been no determination or admission of liability by VNB.

    On May 17, 2021, the Attorney General established the COVID-19 Fraud Enforcement Task Force to marshal the resources of the Department of Justice in partnership with agencies across government to enhance efforts to combat and prevent pandemic-related fraud. The task force bolsters efforts to investigate and prosecute the most culpable domestic and international criminal actors and assists agencies tasked with administering relief programs to prevent fraud by, among other methods, augmenting and incorporating existing coordination mechanisms, identifying resources and techniques to uncover fraudulent actors and their schemes, and sharing and harnessing information and insights gained from prior enforcement efforts. For more information on the department’s response to the pandemic, please visit https://www.justice.gov/coronavirus.

    Tips and complaints from all sources about potential fraud affecting COVID-19 government relief programs can be reported by visiting the webpage of the Civil Division’s Fraud Section, which can be found here. Anyone with information about allegations of attempted fraud involving COVID-19 can also report it by calling the Department of Justice’s National Center for Disaster Fraud (NCDF) Hotline at 866-720-5721 or via the NCDF Web Complaint Form at: https://www.justice.gov/disaster-fraud/ncdf-disaster-complaint-form.

    MIL Security OSI

  • MIL-OSI Global: La Maison captures the drama, intrigue and intense rivalry of the luxury fashion world

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Elizabeth Kealy-Morris, Senior Lecturer and Researcher in Dress and Belonging, Manchester Fashion Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University

    With the release of dramas Cristóbal Balenciaga, The New Look and Becoming Karl Lagerfeld, the fashion drama miniseries has become a staple for streaming television in 2024.

    The latest offering, French-language drama La Maison on Apple TV, captures the essence of the drama and intrigue surrounding Maison Ledu, a fictional luxury haute couture house controlled by the Ledu family.

    The dynamics between key characters are well outlined, and explore universal themes such as love, power, ambition and betrayal, as well as a longing for connection, acceptance and identity. In this way La Maison has little to do with apparel and clothing in their materiality: the camera does not linger over sketches or runway collections. The series, instead, engages with fashion on a more abstract level, highlighting how it intersects with broader human concerns.

    Vincent Ledu (Lambert Wilson) is the celebrated designer whose scandal threatens to the future of Maison Ledu. His racist tirade against a wealthy Korean client was captured by catering staff at a pubic function and posted on social media by Ledu’s scheming nephew in a bid to ruin his uncle’s reputation.

    Perle Foster (Amira Casar) is Vincent’s former principal model and inspiration who, despite her lasting attachment to Vincent, is crucial in the house’s post-scandal revival. Paloma Castel (Zita Hanrot) is the orphaned mixed-heritage daughter of Vincent’s long-time gay lover. Neither were accepted into the family and this tension of class, race, and sexual orientation difference is central to the plot throughout the series.

    The character of Paloma, in her early 30s, represents millenial indifference to tradition, hierarchy and heritage. We meet her in the first episode as the co-designer of a Berlin-based luxury eco-focused ready-to-wear brand. It’s marking a milestone with its first runway show at Paris Fashion Week with other brands’ deadstock (unsold inventory) forming the runway collection.

    The trailer for La Maison.

    In a bid to ensure the Ledu brand makes radical shifts in creative leadership after the racism scandal, Perle seeks to sideline Vincent and draw Paloma into Maison Ledu as the next-generation designer who will bring innovation and hope to Maison’s restoration. Diane Rovel (Carole Bouquet), the iron-fisted CEO and matriarch of the Rovel Luxury Group, represents the archetype of the fashion conglomerate within fashion markets, controlled by the monetary interests of anonymous shareholders. Viewers learn early that her acquisition plans for Maison Ledu are driven by strategic interest and personal vendetta.

    The luxury fashion market

    The series effectively sets up the central conflict, the stakes involved and the potential for dramatic and strategic manoeuvres. It paints a vivid picture of the internal and external pressures faced by Maison Ledu as it struggles to navigate its crisis, a problem that has notably rocked actual luxury fashion houses in recent years. An interesting aspect of the series is the contemporary understanding of the role social media plays in creating spectacle that brings people together as well as divides.

    The luxury fashion market seeks to protect and extend agreed assumptions of how such brands function via rarity, exclusivity and uniqueness to add value to their brand DNA, products and businesses. Luxury brands must ensure coherence between values, narratives, highly skilled craft and artistic techniques, with space for both tradition and innovation. By integrating these elements harmoniously, a brand can sustain its luxury status and build a lasting impression of excellence and exclusivity.

    Luxury fashion, clothing and apparel markets depend on the objects they design becoming status symbols. But they also rely on the allure, appeal, imagination and magic promised through fashion stories that are told through photography and videography. This latest AppleTV+ fashion drama is released against the backdrop of shifting consumer expectations in the luxury sector, particularly in the wake of the COVID pandemic.

    There has been a transformative shift from traditional “show-and-tell” marketing to more immersive and interactive brand experiences. Consumers now seek to “join and experience” luxury brands rather than merely observe – and this is driving brands to create engaging content that extends beyond the product itself. This evolution has given rise to innovative strategies, including online videos, interactive events and sophisticated uses of technology to enhance post-purchase engagement.

    The rise of the fashion series is a direct response to these changing consumer preferences. By integrating high-quality media narratives with brand storytelling, these series offer a novel avenue for brands to convey their history and ethos, creating a platform for the fashion industry to captivate audiences and deepen their connection with the brand narrative.

    As streaming platforms continue to gain prominence, the collaboration between fashion houses and media producers is likely to expand. This means that in the future, the intersection of fashion and storytelling will become increasingly integral to brand identity and consumer connection.

    So while both Maison Ledu and Rovel Luxury Group are fictitious brands, shows like La Maison as a general marketing tool for real-world fashion houses and brands. Meanwhile the location of Paris for this series is testament to that city as the global centre of haute couture – and the stakes involved in it remaining so.



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    Elizabeth Kealy-Morris does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. La Maison captures the drama, intrigue and intense rivalry of the luxury fashion world – https://theconversation.com/la-maison-captures-the-drama-intrigue-and-intense-rivalry-of-the-luxury-fashion-world-239233

    MIL OSI – Global Reports

  • MIL-OSI USA News: Remarks by National Economic Advisor Lael Brainard on Sustaining American Auto  Leadership

    Source: The White House

    Detroit Economic Club, Detroit, Michigan

    As Prepared for Delivery

    Thank you to the Detroit Economic Club for hosting me today. It is a pleasure to be back in the Motor City where I had a great time working on autos in one of my first jobs. 

    I want to thank Governor Whitmer for her important partnership, along with Mayor Duggan, County Executive Evans, Senators Stabenow and Peters, and Representatives Dingell, Stevens, Tlaib, Thanedar, and many others.

    The President and Vice President are determined that America’s iconic automakers and autoworkers are positioned to win the future. Our auto strategy is designed to invest in America’s world class autos supply chain from end to end; take tough, targeted enforcement actions against China’s unfair practices; and invest in America’s best-in-class autos workforce. 

    Today, I am pleased to announce two important new steps to advance our autos strategy. We are proposing a first-of-its-kind rule to safeguard America from the risks posed by connected vehicles from China. And we are building out the Michigan Workforce Hub to give workers the skills they need to contribute to this dynamic sector and expanding access to capital for small- and medium-sized auto manufacturers.

    The American Auto Sector

    The auto sector is an iconic American industry and our largest manufacturing sector. Over 3.2 million Americans work in the auto industry, and one third of those are in manufacturing jobs. The auto sector creates good-paying, union jobs that provide a ladder to the middle class, a sense of community, and the opportunity to work and retire with dignity.

    Nowhere is that more evident than right here in the proud city of Detroit and the great state of Michigan.

    While it wasn’t born here, America quickly made the auto industry our own. Here in Detroit, Henry Ford revolutionized transportation by mass producing a car for the common man. By 1930, the Big 3 had come to dominate global auto sales. The legendary Flint sit-down strike in 1936 gave rise to the United Autoworkers, and by 1941, hundreds of thousands of UAW members had good-paying, middle class jobs and pensions at the Big 3. During World War II, the auto industry became the center of the Arsenal of Democracy, churning out bombers, tanks, and engines by the thousands.

    When the Global Financial Crisis hit our auto sector hard, President Obama and then-Vice President Biden came to the rescue of the Big 3 and Detroit. UAW members made difficult sacrifices to get the industry back on its feet.

    Just a decade later, the pandemic brought new challenges. Decades of offshoring had left our supply chains fragile, and shutdowns of semiconductor factories in Asia and shipping disruptions led to layoffs on shop floors here and unfinished vehicles piling up in parking lots.
    Our automakers and autoworkers are no stranger to a tough fight. And this Administration has always stood with them.

    We worked tirelessly with business and labor to move semiconductors to auto plants and repair snarled transportation and logistics networks. These actions and our recovery plan enabled U.S. auto production to rebound three times faster than Europe. During this Administration, the U.S. auto industry has created more than 275,000 new jobs – in contrast to the loss of 86,000 auto jobs under the previous administration.

    Now our automakers and autoworkers face another seismic shift – the growing presence of clean vehicles, the rise of connected cars, and a wave of underpriced Chinese auto exports hitting global markets due to Chinese overcapacity.

    Investing in America’s Auto Supply Chain

    The President and Vice President have a comprehensive strategy to position the American auto sector to win the future.

    First — we are investing in America’s auto supply chain from end to end to make sure American autos remain best in class. That means investing in every stage, from small suppliers to final assembly, and using every tool at our disposal, from grants and loans to tax credits. This investment approach deploys demand- and supply-side incentives, from removing barriers to providing upfront consumer rebates to bolstering our domestic supply chains.

    Through the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, we are building a nationwide network of EV charging stations and building a domestic supply chain for batteries and critical minerals. Just last week, we announced $3 billion in selections for projects through the Battery Supply Chain Awards, including several projects in Michigan, to boost domestic production of advanced batteries, funding the expansion and construction of new facilities for critical minerals, battery components, battery manufacturing, and recycling.

    Through the CHIPS and Science Act, we are supporting dedicated investments for the legacy chips that power cars and the advanced chips and materials that enable electric vehicles to drive further and charge faster.

    Through the clean energy incentives in the Inflation Reduction Act, we are providing families with an up-front rebate of up to $7,500 when they choose to buy a U.S.-made electric vehicle with U.S. batteries and materials. The Department of Energy’s Domestic Automotive Manufacturing Conversion Grant Program is providing $1.7 billion of federal investment that is leveraging $5 billion in total investment to help retool 11 auto plants across eight states to produce electric vehicles and electric vehicle (EV) components while protecting good jobs and union jobs. Michigan is receiving $650 million of federal investment from this one program alone.

    These incentives have already driven historic investment totaling more than $177 billion in the EV supply chain, including in the battery supply chain that China dominates. They are supporting investments that are projected to transform the United States into a major lithium producer by the end of the decade and that are now projected to produce batteries to meet all forecasted U.S. demand for EVs by 2030.

    Protecting American Autos from Unfair Competition

    Second — we are taking tough, targeted action to protect our auto sector from security risks and to ensure China does not unfairly undercut our auto sector. Americans should drive whatever car they choose – gas powered, hybrid, or electric. But, if they choose to drive an EV, we want it to be made in America, not in China.

    In order for companies to invest in innovative new designs and models here in America, they need to be assured that their investments won’t be undercut by unfairly underpriced cars from China. And in order for consumers to be safe and secure in increasingly connected cars on American roads, we need to guard against national security risks from China.

    China is flooding global markets with a wave of auto exports at a time when they are experiencing overcapacity. We have seen this playbook before in the China shock of the early 2000s that harmed our manufacturing communities. We saw it in Michigan – according to one analysis, the Detroit metro area lost more than 55,000 manufacturing jobs due to import competition from China. We are seeing that same playbook in EVs and batteries after a period when China compelled American automakers to form joint ventures and license their technology in China.

    The Administration is determined to avoid a second China shock, which means putting safeguards in place before a flood of underpriced Chinese autos undercuts the ability of the U.S. auto sector to compete on the global stage. That’s why this Administration imposed a new 100% tariff on EVs imported from China. It’s why we increased tariffs on China to diversify the autos supply chain, including on EV batteries, legacy semiconductors, and critical minerals.

    Many of our allies, including Canada and the European Union, have followed our lead. Moving forward, we will partner with Mexico and Canada to ensure that our North American supply chains remain free from state-owned enterprises and foreign entities of concern. China’s overcapacity in EVs will be a major area of focus as we look to the U.S.-Mexico-Canada trade agreement mid-term review in 2026.

    And today, we are taking action to guard against safety and security risks in connected cars and ensure that our auto supply chains are resilient from foreign threats. Connected cars have the ability to exchange data with other cars, your personal devices, America’s infrastructure, our power grid, and auto manufacturers. The computer systems that power these cars can control vehicle movement and collect sensitive driver and passenger data, and the cameras and sensors embedded within them can record detailed information about our country and citizens.

    There are many benefits associated with connected vehicle systems, such as promoting safety, assisting drivers with navigation, and reducing emissions. But where we source these technologies has important implications for our national security, safety on our roads, and the resilience of our auto supply chains.

    China has taken steps to dominate the future of connected vehicles by dominating the software and hardware systems associated with those cars. But connected vehicles with Chinese software and hardware systems could expose the American people to new risks. Without the appropriate safeguards in place, sensitive data on Americans could be passed to Chinese authorities, or connected vehicles might provide a backdoor for malicious foreign actors to engage in espionage or sabotage.

    That is why, today, the Department of Commerce is using its ICTS (Information and Communications Technology Services) authorities for the first time to propose a new rule that would ban vehicles that rely on Chinese software and hardware from driving on American roads.

    Recall that for years China has required vehicle and battery makers to rely on Chinese data centers and software providers as a condition of operating in China.

    In effect, this rule will protect against potential vulnerabilities while allowing Americans to benefit from all that connected vehicles and technological innovation have to offer. 

    Investing in America’s Auto Workforce and Small Suppliers

    Third — we are investing in the autoworkers and small suppliers that are the backbone of our auto sector. We want to ensure that the next generation of leading American autos is produced by union autoworkers and that no auto community is left behind, especially here in Michigan.

    Today, we are unveiling new resources for workers through the new Michigan Workforce Hub. This spring, the President designated Michigan as a Workforce Hub to help Michigan workers prepare for the good jobs created by historic investments in the EV supply chain. The Workforce Hub, which we’ve developed in partnership with the Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity, will expand pathways to EV and battery manufacturing jobs and union jobs, particularly for underserved communities in the state.

    Today, the Department of Labor and the Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity are announcing a new pilot program to train workers in Wayne County for over 140 high-quality jobs in the auto supply chain, partnering with local automotive employers to enable workers to earn a paycheck while they train, addressing a major barrier to enrollment.

    In addition, the Department of Energy’s Battery Workforce Challenge Program is announcing over $1 million to fund curriculum, equipment, internships, and job placements in community colleges, high-schools, and training institutions across the state. Henry Ford Community College, for example, will receive $200,000 in seed funding to establish a state-of-the-art Battery and Electric Vehicle Technical Center. Key partners in these programs will include the Michigan Economic Development Corporation, high schools, vocational institutions, community colleges and universities, and battery and automotive manufacturers.

    Through our Good Jobs Executive Order, we’re ensuring the benefits of federal grants and investments accrue to workers and communities. For instance, the projects receiving Domestic Conversion Grants will create nearly 3,000 new good-paying auto jobs and retain 15,000 high skilled, union jobs. As a condition for these grants, manufacturers committed to supporting their local communities and workforce. By supporting strong investments, we also support pathways to the middle class, including through union jobs.

    For instance, Blue Bird pledged to expand training programs in local high schools and invest in childcare for working parents at its facilities. And ZF North America is using their Conversion grant to retain and retrain 536 workers – mostly UAW workers – at its facility in Marysville, Michigan, for the production of components to electrify vehicles.

    Last year, the UAW secured record contracts with the Big 3 that will help ensure an equitable transition to electric vehicles. Since then, we have seen a large number of additional automakers announce record wages, and a rise in new labor organizing. From Tennessee to Georgia, and in new battery plants in Ohio and Michigan, workers in the EV supply chain are seeing the benefits of joining a union.

    Our auto workforce also includes hundreds of small and medium-size suppliers manufacturing products ranging from screws and bolts to e-axles. The U.S. economy has added more than 55,000 jobs in manufacturing automobile parts and bodies during this Administration. Many are based here in Michigan: in fact, 96 of the top 100 auto suppliers in North America do business in Michigan and 60 are headquartered here.

    This summer, Vice President Harris came here to Detroit to announce more than $100 million from across the federal government to support small- and mid-sized suppliers and parts manufacturers. That includes. millions of dollars we set aside from the manufacturing conversion grants program for states to make awards to small- and medium-sized suppliers because we heard from officials and suppliers right here in Michigan that smaller manufacturers struggle to tap into large federal grant programs directly.

    Today, we are building on the Vice President’s announcement with additional actions to support capital access for small- and medium-sized suppliers. This includes a commitment from Monroe Capital to launch a new fund of up to $1 billion to provide lower-cost debt capital to auto manufacturers, as well as a $9.1 million grant from the Department of Treasury to launch the Michigan Auto Supplier Transition Program, which will help small and underserved automotive manufacturers and aftermarket suppliers secure financing to scale and shift to supply the EV supply chain.
    Conclusion

    Our economic resilience and national security have been tied to the strength of our auto sector for the past century. Now it is critical the U.S. auto sector is positioned to lead the 21st century.

    We believe that an investment in our auto supply chain – especially here in Michigan – is one of the best investments we can make. That’s why we are investing across the supply chain and strengthening our suppliers, small businesses, workers, and communities that are the lifeblood of the industry.

    Today’s announcements underscore our commitment to auto communities, union jobs, and to the competitiveness and safety of the U.S. auto sector. It is part of a comprehensive approach that is forward looking and leverages the strengths of American manufacturing and the talents of American automakers – here in Detroit, throughout Michigan, and across the country.

    ###

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI USA: CONGRESSMAN PAT RYAN HOSTS BREAKFAST TO HONOR HUDSON VALLEY VETERANS

    Source: United States House of Representatives – Congressman Pat Ryan (New York 18th)

    Congressman Pat Ryan Hosts Breakfast to Honor Hudson Valley Veterans

    Ryan hosted Hudson Valley veterans for a breakfast to thank them for their service and honored veterans Ralph Osterhoudt, Vincent Serrano, and David Harris for outstanding contributions to the Hudson Valley community 

    NEW WINDSOR, NY – On Saturday, Congressman Pat Ryan hosted a breakfast for Hudson Valley veterans to thank and honor them for their service. At the breakfast, Ryan recognized veterans Ralph Osterhoudt, Vincent Serrano, and David Harris for their heroism in military service and outstanding contributions to the Hudson Valley community. Ryan, a West Point graduate and Army veteran, has prioritized recognizing Hudson Valley veterans for their heroism and ensuring they receive the benefits, support, and recognition they earned. 

    “Our veterans have led lives grounded in service – motivated not out of self-interest, but out of a deep belief in our country’s principles of equality and freedom for all,” said Congressman Pat Ryan. “That heroism and selflessness deserves to be honored and uplifted. I want our veterans to know that their sacrifices do not go unrecognized. Today and every day, I’m fighting to make sure our men and women in uniform receive the benefits that they earned and that our government upholds the promises it made to them.”

    “A true Patriot is someone who puts his life on the line in the service of his country,” said Juan Figueroa, Retired Marine Chief Warrant Officer and Sheriff of Ulster County.  “Sergeant David Harris continues to serve his community as a Deputy Sheriff in Ulster County. He took an oath and is selfless in his commitment to protect our rights and freedoms.” 

    “Ralph Osterhoudt is not only a Dutchess County hero; he’s an American hero whose service in the 575th Field Artillery Battalion saved the lives of countless Auschwitz prisoners in Nazi Germany,” said Adam Roche, Director of Dutchess County Veterans Affairs. “Mr. Osterhoudt’s service did not end when he returned home, as he’s advocated for decades for his fellow Dutchess County veterans, like myself. He is a tribute to the American ideals his fellow veterans have fought to uphold; and an inspiration for all of us to live a life of service.”

    “Veteran Vincent Serrano and his wife Ely, are both very patriotic and involved in veteran as well as community activities. It is an honor to have Vinny as a member of the Veteran Center Board,” said Colonel Bob Anderson of the Orange County Veterans Center.

    It’s great seeing Congressman Ryan doing so much work with Veterans. I’ve grown up hearing how much they have been through, so seeing him in their corner is really fulfilling,” said Mia Serrano, daughter of Vincent Serrano. “I’m also really happy I was able to help honor my father. I love seeing how excited he is to help and how it gives him a huge sense of purpose.”

    “Congressman Ryan is an honest man with integrity. He is invested in the community and specifically for veterans,” said Middletown veteran Nicholas White. “His office helped me empathetically and efficiently with my VA claims. Today’s breakfast reflects the commitment that he and his staff have for our veterans’ community.”

    Ralph Osterhoudt, a Staatsburg WWII veteran, was injured in a blast only weeks after deploying to the European front, but went on to fight in the Battle of the Bulge and helped liberate the Auschwitz concentration camp. Osterhoudt’s personal narrative of his time in service is included in the Library of Congress’ Veterans History Project. He is the recipient of three Bronze Stars and the French Medal of Honor. After his service, Osterhoudt continued serving the Hudson Valley community, including working at the Staatsburg Post Office. He pushed to keep the Castle Point VA Medical Center open alongside then-Ulster County Executive Pat Ryan and a coalition of Hudson Valley veterans and advocates. Osterhoudt continues to be an invaluable force of nature within the Hudson Valley veterans community.

    Newburgh’s Vincent Serrano is a Marine veteran of the Vietnam War and recipient of a Purple Heart, Vietnam Service Medal, and Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal. He is the senior vice commandant of the Marine Corps League Greater Newburgh Detachment #249 and was instrumental in organizing National Welcome Home Vietnam War Veterans Day observances in the Hudson Valley. He is a fierce advocate for his fellow veterans and is a robust presence in the Hudson Valley veterans community, frequently partnering with Hospice of Orange and Sullivan Counties to provide events and services that honor and support his fellow veterans. He is a Board Member of the Orange County Veterans Center and active member of VFW Post 973, American Legion Post 353, the D.A.V., AM/VET, and Vietnam Veterans of America. During the COVID pandemic, Serrano worked tirelessly to package and deliver food to Hudson Valley families struggling during the crisis. He is also the coordinator for the Hudson Valley’s Toys-4-Tots.

    Kingston native David Harris served three tours in Afghanistan over eight years in the Marine Corps. During that time, he earned the Bronze Star with Valor for his heroism and bravery in combat. Harris grappled with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after returning from combat. He found purpose and direction through service again, this time leaning on the criminal justice college degree he had earned prior to his military service and attending the police academy. He now serves as an Ulster County Sheriff’s Deputy, continuing to bravely and selflessly protect the Hudson Valley community.

    Congressman Pat Ryan is the first West Point graduate to represent the Academy in Congress and is an Army veteran of two combat tours in Iraq. He has prioritized delivering for Hudson Valley veterans and recognizing them for their service. Earlier this year, Ryan delivered $1 million in federal funds for the Rumshock Veterans Foundation to build ten homes for unhoused veterans in Orange County as part of its Veterans Village Project. After pushing for months for a partnership between the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD), Ryan announced this summer that Hudson Valley veterans will now be able to access expanded healthcare services at Keller Army Community Hospital at West Point.  

    Congressman Ryan has fought to ensure that veterans, service members, and military families can easily access the benefits that they’ve earned. Ryan has utilized his mobile office, the C.A.R.E.S. Van, to bring assistance with federal agencies like the VA directly to Hudson Valley veterans with events at Veterans Service Organizations (VSOs) across the Hudson Valley. This spring, Ryan brought together over 35 organizations, government offices, and community partners from across the Hudson Valley for an all-in-one Veterans and Military Families Resource Fair. 

    Congressman Ryan is a member of the House Armed Services Committee. Ryan has spearheaded legislation that expands benefits and improves quality of life for veterans, servicemembers, and military families, including introducing the Health Care Fairness for Military Families Act of 2023, the Expanding Home Loans for Guard and Reservists Act, and the Never Forgotten Korean War POW Act. Ryan has also championed legislation that protects reproductive freedom for women veterans and service members, including by cosponsoring the Equal Access to Contraception for Veterans Act and the Access to Reproductive Care for Servicemembers Act.

    ###

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI USA: King, Rubio Urge FDA for Guidance on Stronger, Cheaper Drug Manufacturing Process

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for Maine Angus King

    WASHINGTON, D.C. — U.S. Senator Angus King (I-ME) and Marco Rubio (R-FL) are urging the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to clarify its approval process for pharmaceutical companies considering advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) — such as continuous manufacturing, a means of production that involves a more uninterrupted process. In a letter to FDA Commissioner Dr. Robert Califf, the senators encouraged the FDA to incentivize the pharmaceutical industry to invest in AMTs to help address drug shortages and quality control issues, which contribute to more than 60% of the drug shortage problem.

    AMTs have great potential to lower the cost of drug production and can increase the possibility of domestic manufacturing. Compared to other industries, the pharmaceutical industry tends to operate in more outdated processes. Currently, much of the industry still employs what is called “batch” process, an active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) production method that takes place at multiple sites and can lead to sterilization issues. By implementing continuous manufacturing, companies can ensure a more sterile process at one single production site and reduce the risk of drug shortages.

    “For several years, the United States has grappled with a concerning uptick in shortages of key APIs and medications. Quality issues resulting from weak manufacturing standards abroad are the most common cause for shortages. Unsurprisingly, most of these quality issues occur in traditional manufacturing facilities overseas. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the U.S.’ heavy reliance on foreign entities, particularly China, for our drugs and medical supplies. The lack of domestic medical manufacturing has created dangerous vulnerabilities for American public health and national security,” wrote the senators.

    “We are concerned that the FDA has not yet created a feasible pathway for stakeholders to invest confidently in domestic AMTs. As the FDA continues to evaluate its AMT regulations, we urge you to prioritize domestic manufacturing facilities and commit to frequent engagement with industry and patient stakeholders, ensuring a clear and efficient approval process for AMTs and their products,” continued the senators.

    “As the FDA works toward finalizing its AMT Designation Program and continues to evaluate and approve AMTs for commercial use, we urge you to ensure that these efforts prioritize domestic supply chain resilience and enforce clear guidelines for manufacturers to take part in this program,” the senators wrote.

    The full text of the letter can be found here or below.

    +++

    Dear Commissioner Califf:

    We write to urge the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to promote domestic pharmaceutical supply chain resilience through the implementation of programs to manufacture drugs and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) using advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs), such as continuous manufacturing processes. We commend the FDA’s work to issue industry guidance for considerations specific to continuous manufacturing of APIs, but greater action is needed to promote a resilient domestic API supply chain. We are concerned that the FDA has not yet created a feasible pathway for stakeholders to invest confidently in domestic AMTs. As the FDA continues to evaluate its AMT regulations, we urge you to prioritize domestic manufacturing facilities and commit to frequent engagement with industry and patient stakeholders, ensuring a clear and efficient approval process for AMTs and their products.

    For several years, the United States has grappled with a concerning uptick in shortages of key APIs and medications. Quality issues resulting from weak manufacturing standards abroad are the most common cause for shortages. Unsurprisingly, most of these quality issues occur in traditional manufacturing facilities overseas. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the U.S.’ heavy reliance on foreign entities, particularly China, for our drugs and medical supplies. The lack of domestic medical manufacturing has created dangerous vulnerabilities for American public health and national security.

    AMTs, such as continuous manufacturing sites, provide a promising pathway to lower the cost of domestic drug manufacturing, and accelerate the reshoring of key API production here in the United States. Yet, the FDA has not yet invested sufficient resources toward developing clear regulatory guidelines for these innovative manufacturing tools. The FDA must quickly finalize and implement the AMT Designation Program, as directed by Congress, to provide companies regulatory clarity as they evaluate whether to invest and seek approval of AMTs for their products.

    Though the FDA has identified current regulatory barriers that are preventing more companies from adopting AMTs in their manufacturing pipelines, we are concerned that the FDA has not addressed these barriers adequately. A 2021 National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine report found that significant regulatory challenges to implementing advanced manufacturing for drugs include challenges within the FDA’s approval process for each step in the manufacturing process and the lack of guidance and expertise within the FDA related to advanced manufacturing technologies. Industry stakeholders must be able to establish the business case for the use of an AMT, but current ambiguities in the regulatory environment exacerbate challenges for arguing the business incentives for AMTs, deterring investment in these technologies. Though the agency expressed a willingness to address the barriers the report identified, a 2023 GAO report on the status of the FDA’s efforts in supporting investment in AMTs found that only a few drugs manufactured using an AMT are currently approved for marketing in the United States. Between 2015 and 2022, the FDA had only approved 16 out of the 112 applications or supplemental applications that used an AMT. This low rate of approval does not inspire investor confidence and proves that the FDA has considerable work to do to improve the regulatory environment for AMTs.

    As the FDA works toward finalizing its AMT Designation Program and continues to evaluate and approve AMTs for commercial use, we urge you to ensure that these efforts prioritize domestic supply chain resilience and enforce clear guidelines for manufacturers to take part in this program. As such, we request answers to the following questions:

    1. What strategies has the FDA implemented to encourage greater investment by domestic drug manufacturers into AMTs, such as continuous manufacturing?
      1. How has the FDA engaged with industry to further refine its regulations and expand opportunities for approval?
    1. How is the FDA ensuring that the AMT Designation program will benefit more domestic manufacturing facilities than foreign-based facilities?
    2. Based on the current application pool for AMTs seeking FDA approval through currently active pathways, what is the ratio of domestic versus foreign-based facility applications that the FDA has received?
      1. What is the ratio of domestic versus foreign based facilities that have been approved?
    1. Has the FDA received any new continuous manufacturing applications for generics, especially among pharmaceuticals experiencing domestic shortages?
      1. Will the FDA consider a drug or API’s risk for shortage when evaluating applications for the AMT Designation program?
    1. How is the FDA communicating about the AMT Designation Program to eligible entities and the public?
      1. How is the FDA ensuring the drug manufacturers of all sizes are aware of the program and understand the requirements to apply?
    1. How is the FDA ensuring the timely approval of continuous manufacturing technologies?
    2. Has the FDA seen continued growth in the number of approved continuous manufacturing products since 2022?
    3. What is the implementation status of the AMT Designation Program?
      1. Has the FDA made progress on implementing the required program since the draft guidance period, which closed on March 13, 2024?
      1. Has the program accepted any designation requests for new technologies?

    Thank you for your attention to this important matter. We look forward to your prompt response.

    Sincerely,

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI Russia: IMF Executive Board Concludes 2024 Article IV Consultation with Brunei Darussalam

    Source: IMF – News in Russian

    September 23, 2024

    Washington, DC: The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded on September 16, 2024 the Article IV consultation[1] with Brunei Darussalam on a lapse-of-time basis[2].

    Brunei’s real GDP rose by 1.4 percent in 2023 after two years of recession, mainly driven by the non-oil and gas (O&G) sector and the earlier-than-anticipated production from the new Salman oil field in Q4 2023. Inflation fell, reaching 0.4 percent in 2023 compared to 3.7 percent in 2022, supported by the easing of post-pandemic supply chain disruptions, the softening commodity prices, as well as large subsidies and price controls. The fiscal and external position deteriorated in 2023 reflecting weaker O&G production and prices. The current account was also impacted by higher service imports and net income outflows. The banking sector remains stable, liquid, and well capitalized with declining non-performing loans. 

    The recovery is anticipated to continue and risks to the outlook are broadly balanced. Growth is forecasted at about 2.4 percent in 2024 on the back of expected increase in O&G production, including from the new offshore oil fields and rebound in downstream sector, while domestic non-O&G non-tradeable sector growth is expected to plateau. Inflation is expected to remain unchanged at 0.5 percent in 2024, and fiscal and external balances would stabilize alongside O&G prices. Near-term risks tilted downward due to external factors and O&G production challenges. New O&G field discoveries would provide significant upside, while accounting for decarbonization pressures. Structural reform implementation, with product diversification and technological advancement, could boost productivity, but economic and social challenges would remain with adoption of artificial intelligence.

    Executive Board Assessment

    In concluding the 2024 Article IV consultation with Brunei Darussalam, Executive Directors endorsed staff’s appraisal, as follows:

    Growth rebounded moderately in 2023. The stronger-than-expected growth turnaround was supported by a new O&G field coming to stream in late 2023, a high interest rate environment and post-pandemic momentum boosting finance, transport, and hospitality. However, persistent O&G production challenges and maintenance related disruptions in downstream activities along with lower O&G prices weakened the fiscal and external positions in 2023. Consequently, the external position for 2023 remained substantially weaker than suggested by fundamentals and desirable policies and the output gap is assessed to be negative. Disinflation continued mainly due to easing supply chain disruptions and the softening of commodity prices, aided by continuing large scale subsidies and price controls.

    The narrowing output gap, O&G revenue uncertainty and long-term decarbonization trends warrant a prudent fiscal stance, while protecting the vulnerable and public investment. While the use of fiscal buffers in FY 2023/24 was appropriate in view of the cyclical position and to support economic recovery, restoring fiscal buffers through growth-friendly fiscal consolidation should be prioritized going forward. This will require enhanced revenue generation, and could be supported by a low-rate carbon tax, and expenditure rationalization—including via more targeted subsidies.  These efforts should be guided by a fiscal consolidation plan with clear fiscal targets. Plans to establish a MTFF and fiscal anchors, strengthening fiscal risk management and transparency are welcome.

    The currency board arrangement with Singapore is sound and has played a key role in supporting Brunei’s macroeconomic and financial sector stability. Efforts to improve monetary operations, by including Singapore’s interbank transactions in its analysis to understand the influence of Singapore’s policy rates since January 2024, and continuing to narrow the corridor by raising the SFDR, integrating I-bills into the Asset Maintenance Ratio and launching a website for better communication on monetary policies, are welcome. Enhancing inter-agency cooperation regarding the issuance and management of sukuks will be helpful. Over the medium-term, the BDCB is encouraged to build internal capacity in liquidity forecasting to calibrate the issuance of the I-bills and consider establishing a single treasury account. 

    The financial sector remained stable with strong capital and liquidity buffers. Systemic risk is assessed to be contained. Careful tracking of credit growth in both offshore and domestic personal loans is warranted, as declining oil prices could pose risks, despite low NPLs. Ensuring that that the foreign loans continue to be invested in highly credit-rated assets will help to mitigate credit risk. For domestic lending, continuing to deploy prudential measures like capping the Total Debt Service Ratio, assessing unsecured personal loan exposure, and maintaining NPL standards are welcome measures. Authorities are encouraged to stay on track with plans to implement Basel III standards for better liquidity management by the end-2024. Implementation of stress tests is recommended, while considering stress testing for climate transition and physical risks. Efforts to further strengthen prudential frameworks, develop a long-term sukuk markets, green taxonomy and unify disclosure standards, and to improve AML/CFT effectiveness will help to deepen markets, and support long-term green projects. The authorities’ commitment to continue implementing the recommended actions in the APG’s Mutual Evaluation Report is welcome.

    The authorities’ commitment  to ambitious and sustained structural reforms will be critical to ensure growth and diversification, including by transitioning to a low-carbon economy.  Reaching the authorities’ net zero emissions goal by 2050, will require continued development of  the non-O&G sector, including through adoption of green technologies. Continued skill development, while addressing AI-related challenges and closing structural gaps in the first-generation reform areas (external sector trade facilitation, improving business regulation, and governance) vis-à-vis top peers, will be key to facilitate FDI and PPPs. Completing the 2025 National Adaptation Plan and a Climate Vulnerability Assessment should support the prioritization of adaptation strategies.

    Data provided to the Fund has some shortcomings that somewhat hamper surveillance and data quality should be strengthened. Steps are needed to close the identified data gaps in national income, prices, external and fiscal sectors. Efforts for improving external sector data through a survey to better gauge trends in errors and omissions, and payables/receivables and strengthening public financial management (PFM) to build more transparent and accountable fiscal systems and aligning these further with GFSM (2014) are welcome, as are plans to enhance dissemination via the Fund’s e-GDDS portal.

    Table 1. Brunei Darussalam: Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 2019–29

    Area: 5,765 sq. kilometers

                         

    Population (2023): 450,500

                         

    Nominal GDP per capita (2023): US$33,581.1

                         

    Main export destinations (2023): Australia (21.5 percent), China (16.9), and Singapore (16.7)

               

    Unemployment rate (2023): 5.1%

                         

    Labor force participation rate (2023): total 67.2; male 75.8%; female 57.3%

         

    2019

    2020

    2021

    2022

    2023

    2024

    2025

    2026

    2027

    2028

    2029

                 

    Est.

    Proj.

    Proj.

    Proj.

    Proj.

    Proj.

    Proj.

    Output and Prices

                         
     

    Nominal GDP (millions of Brunei dollars)

    18,375

    16,564

    18,822

    23,003

    20,319

    20,893

    22,197

    23,073

    24,081

    25,153

    26,447

     

    Nominal non-oil and gas GDP (millions of Brunei dollars)

    8,268

    8,868

    9,790

    11,043

    10,883

    11,386

    12,411

    13,620

    15,045

    16,281

    17,717

     

    Real GDP (percentage change) 1/

    3.9

    1.1

    -1.6

    -1.6

    1.4

    2.4

    2.6

    2.6

    2.7

    2.9

    3.1

       

    Oil and gas sector GDP

    3.9

    -4.9

    -4.8

    -7.3

    -2.0

    2.6

    3.1

    3.1

    1.7

    1.1

    1.0

       

    Non-oil and gas sector GDP

    3.9

    8.9

    2.0

    4.3

    4.5

    2.1

    2.0

    2.1

    3.5

    4.4

    4.7

     

    Oil production (‘000 barrels/day)

    121

    110

    107

    92

    74

    84

    94

    94

    99

    90

    90

     

    Natural gas output (millions BTUs/day)

    1,402

    1,358

    1,253

    1,151

    1,214

    1,226

    1,201

    1,220

    1,277

    1,313

    1,313

     

    Average Brunei oil price (U.S. dollars per barrel)

    68.6

    43.3

    72.1

    107.7

    87.1

    89.5

    83.3

    79.9

    77.0

    75.1

    73.8

     

    Average Brunei gas price (U.S. dollars per million BTU)

    9.1

    6.7

    9.1

    14.4

    10.9

    8.6

    9.9

    8.7

    7.8

    7.4

    7.0

     

    Consumer prices (period average, percentage change)

    -0.4

    1.9

    1.7

    3.7

    0.4

    0.5

    1.0

    1.0

    1.0

    1.0

    1.0

         

    (Fiscal Year, In percent of GDP)

    Public Finances: Budgetary Central Government

                         
     

    Total revenue

    26.4

    12.6

    24.0

    28.3

    17.3

    19.3

    18.9

    17.5

    16.3

    15.5

    15.1

       

    Oil and gas

    19.8

    7.7

    20.2

    24.5

    13.0

    13.6

    13.4

    12.2

    11.1

    10.1

    9.5

       

    Other

    6.5

    5.0

    3.8

    3.9

    4.3

    5.6

    5.5

    5.3

    5.2

    5.4

    5.6

     

    Total Expenditure

    31.9

    32.6

    29.1

    26.7

    29.2

    29.4

    28.6

    27.8

    26.9

    25.9

    25.1

       

    Current

    29.5

    31.3

    28.0

    25.7

    27.4

    27.0

    26.2

    25.4

    24.5

    23.6

    22.8

       

    Capital

    2.4

    1.3

    1.1

    1.0

    1.8

    2.4

    2.3

    2.3

    2.3

    2.3

    2.3

     

    Overall balance 2/

    -5.6

    -20.0

    -5.1

    1.6

    -11.8

    -10.1

    -9.6

    -10.2

    -10.5

    -10.4

    -9.9

     

    Overall primary balance excluding royalties

    -22.7

    -25.8

    -22.5

    -19.8

    -22.6

    -21.5

    -20.7

    -20.2

    -19.6

    -18.7

    -17.7

     

    Non-oil and Gas Balance (In percent of non-oil and gas GDP)

    -49.5

    -46.1

    -44.3

    -40.2

    -41.8

    -39.2

    -36.5

    -33.7

    -31.1

    -28.6

    -26.1

         

    (12-month percent change)

    Money and Banking

                         
     

    Private Sector Credit

    2.0

    0.2

    2.7

    6.0

    3.9

    2.0

    2.0

    2.0

    2.0

    2.0

    2.0

     

    Narrow money

    6.6

    20.8

    6.5

    1.2

    0.7

    3.8

    3.8

    3.8

    3.8

    3.8

    3.8

     

    Broad money

    4.3

    -0.4

    2.7

    1.3

    2.7

    2.6

    2.7

    2.7

    2.7

    2.7

    2.7

         

    (In millions of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated)

    Balance of Payments

                         
     

    Goods

    2,211

    1,359

    2,679

    5,153

    3,808

    3,966

    4,264

    4,121

    3,925

    4,013

    4,131

       

    Exports

    7,210

    6,535

    11,001

    14,130

    11,264

    11,416

    11,987

    12,098

    12,024

    12,390

    12,780

       

       Of which: oil and gas

    3,244

    2,943

    4,730

    5,660

    4,185

    3,867

    4,387

    4,243

    3,798

    3,668

    3,617

       

    Imports

    4,999

    5,176

    8,322

    8,977

    7,456

    7,450

    7,723

    7,977

    8,099

    8,377

    8,649

     

    Services (net)

    -1,189

    -855

    -696

    -848

    -1,305

    -1,324

    -1,271

    -1,173

    -1,086

    -1,029

    -989

     

    Primary Income (net)

    362

    360

    90

    -370

    194

    327

    226

    193

    146

    119

    83

     

    Secondary Income (net)

    -490

    -350

    -502

    -671

    -749

    -641

    -687

    -692

    -673

    -684

    -683

     

    Current Account Balance

    894

    514

    1,570

    3,264

    1,949

    2,328

    2,532

    2,448

    2,311

    2,419

    2,541

     

    Current Account Balance (in percent of GDP)

    6.6

    4.3

    11.2

    19.6

    12.9

    15.0

    15.5

    14.4

    13.0

    13.0

    13.0

     

    Gross Official Reserves 3/

    4,273

    3,997

    4,980

    5,035

    4,485

    4,583

    4,682

    4,780

    4,879

    4,977

    5,075

       

    In months of next year’s imports of goods and services

    8.0

    5.2

    5.9

    6.6

    5.9

    5.9

    5.9

    5.9

    5.9

    5.9

    5.9

     

    Brunei dollars per U.S. dollar (period average)

    1.36

    1.38

    1.34

    1.38

    1.34

     

    Brunei dollar per U.S. dollar (end of period)

    1.35

    1.34

    1.36

    1.35

    1.33

    Sources: Data provided by the Brunei authorities; and Fund staff estimates and projections.

    1/ Non-oil and gas GDP includes the downstream sector.

    2/ In absence of government debt and interest payments, this is also primary balance.

    3/ Comprises foreign exchange assets of Brunei Darussalam Central Bank, SDR holdings, and reserve position in the Fund.

    [1] Under Article IV of the IMF’s Articles of Agreement, the IMF holds bilateral discussions with members, usually every year. A staff team visits the country, collects economic and financial information, and discusses with officials the country’s economic developments and policies. On return to headquarters, the staff prepares a report, which forms the basis for discussion by the Executive Board.

    [2] The Executive Board takes decisions under its lapse-of-time procedure when the Board agrees that a proposal can be considered without convening formal discussions.

    IMF Communications Department
    MEDIA RELATIONS

    PRESS OFFICER: Randa Elnagar

    Phone: +1 202 623-7100Email: MEDIA@IMF.org

    @IMFSpokesperson

    https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2024/09/23/pr-24340-brunei-imf-concludes-2024-article-iv-consultation

    MIL OSI

    MIL OSI Russia News

  • MIL-OSI USA: Main Street Capital Program Helps New York’s Entrepreneurs

    Source: US State of New York

    Governor Kathy Hochul today announced the launch of the Main Street Capital Program, a new $10 million fund that will provide qualifying start-up and early-stage companies with access to affordable term loans up to $100,000. Part of New York’s broader State Small Business Credit Initiative efforts led by Empire State Development, this program will help bridge the financing gap experienced by many entrepreneurs as they launch and grow their businesses.

    “New York’s businesses are the backbone of our economy and a key driver of our economic growth,” Governor Hochul said. “The Main Street Capital Program will boost and strengthen our small businesses, especially our minority and women entrepreneurs, creating jobs and investment in New York State.”

    Recognizing the critical support entrepreneurs need early on, this program offers minimal payments for the first 12 months of the loan to give businesses more flexibility as they launch and grow. Loans will be up to six years with a fixed interest rate of 9.9%. In the first year, borrowers will pay less-than-interest-only, with no principal payments during that time.

    This $10 million fund is a partnership between Empire State Development and Pursuit, a community lender with a 70-year history serving businesses in all stages in New York State and beyond.

    Many entrepreneurs in the startup and early-growth phases of business lack access to equity and networks for financing needed to be successful. The Main Street Capital Loan Fund offers a more accessible option, particularly for Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Individual Owned Business (SEDI) and Very Small Business (VSB) entrepreneurs with fewer than 10 employees.

    Empire State Development President, CEO and Commissioner Hope Knight said, “Entrepreneurs and their innovation fuel New York State’s economy. The Main Street Capital Program is one of the ways Empire State Development is helping provide promising start-ups and early-stage companies the tools they need to launch, grow, and achieve business success.”

    Pursuit CEO Chris Levy said, “New York State has been a foundational partner of Pursuit for decades. We are thrilled to be launching another innovative program that benefits underserved startup businesses throughout New York State by ensuring they have a path to success.”

    Pursuit’s Community Development Financial Institution Affiliate President Steve Cohen said, “New and early-stage small businesses often need more time to grow their revenues before repaying their debt, and this time crunch can lead them to predatory sources for capital. The Main Street Capital Loan Fund offers New York’s newest and smallest businesses their best chance at long-term success by providing flexible capital and advisory services to support their future.”

    State Senator Sean Ryan said, “Small businesses are the backbone of New York’s economy. It is important that we enact policies and programs that support them in the early stages that are so critical to a new business. This program will help budding entrepreneurs get established and keep fledgling businesses on track as they establish themselves in their communities.”

    Assemblymember Albert A. Stirpe Jr. said, “The Main Street Capital Program is a valuable resource for New York entrepreneurs, offering affordable-rate loans of up to $100,000. The loan fund provides a more accessible financing option, particularly for socially and economically disadvantaged individual-owned businesses, as well as very small businesses with fewer than 10 employees. New York’s State Small Business Credit Initiative, led by Empire State Development, will help bridge the financing gap, empowering entrepreneurs to turn their dreams into reality and grow their businesses.”

    Startups and early-stage businesses must complete a pre-application questionnaire. Based on their responses, they will be invited to complete a full application for the program, or they may be connected with their local Entrepreneurial Assistance Center (EAC) or Small Business Development Center (SBDC) for additional support.

    For more information on the fund, eligibility, and requirements, please visit the program’s webpage.

    Governor Hochul’s Support for New York’s Small Business Community

    These events build on Governor Hochul’s commitment to helping New York’s small businesses contribute to their local economies. During Small Business Month in May, the Governor announced new initiatives to support business owners, including a $6 million Innovation Matching Grant Program to New York companies applying for the certain federal funding programs and additional support for thousands of NYSIF-insured businesses.

    Governor Hochul also announced that New York State has exceeded its goal for MWBE utilization on New York State contracts with a utilization rate of 32.30 percent during the 2023 Fiscal Year, the highest MWBE utilization rate in the country for the third year in a row. Nearly $3 billion in state contracts were awarded to MWBE firms during the 2023 Fiscal Year, and nearly $29 billion in state contracts have been awarded to MWBEs since 2011Additionally, New York has not only met its commitment to shortening response times for MWBE certification applications to 90 to 120 days — it has exceeded that commitment. Since August 1, 2023, ESD has certified and recertified more than 3,000 businesses, with the average application processing time now taking on average, 90 days. The announcement builds on the Governor’s strong support for MWBEs, including the historic elimination of New York’s yearslong MWBE certification backlog following an $11 million investment in the FY 2023 Budget.

    There are nearly 695,000 small businesses in New York State and approximately 98 percent of New York businesses have fewer than 100 employees. These businesses employ more than 4.5 million individuals in fields from retail and food service to financial services, to agriculture, innovation and construction. In addition to the summer event series, NYSDOL supports businesses of any size and offers several resources.

    Business Services Representatives work with entrepreneurs to create customized solutions to help meet their business goals. The Department also offers free human resource service consultations and assists with workforce recruitment to help employers find skilled workers. NYSDOL offers guidance on hiring incentives, tax credits and funding opportunities that can help employers curb costs.

    About State Small Business Credit Initiative
    More than $500 million in federal funding has been allocated to support the resurgence of small businesses across New York State through the State Small Business Credit Initiative (SSBCI), a program through the American Rescue Plan Act. Managed by the U.S. Department of Treasury, SSBCI provides funds to support programs for small businesses, including socially and economically disadvantaged individual (SEDI) owned businesses and very small businesses (VSB), to recover from the economic effects of COVID-19 and allow them opportunity to succeed in the post-pandemic economy. With this funding, Empire State Development (ESD) has developed a suite of capital access and equity programs to help New York State small businesses grow and succeed. Learn about the following SSBCI programs that Empire State Development has established.

    About Pursuit

    Pursuit is empowering businesses through access to responsible capital and resources to reach higher, transform and grow. With nearly 70 years of lending experience, you’ll find a wide selection of loan programs and advisory services to support businesses at any stage. We’re doing our part to create a more inclusive economy that ensures every business owner has a path to success. Learn more at www.pursuitlending.com.

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI: Force for Good: UN’s Sustainable Development Goals at risk of being missed – 9 urgent actions needed to unlock progress as cost of SDG gap rises by 10% to US$112-136 trillion

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    • A new report from Force for Good – “Capital as a Force for Good: Shifting the Global Order Through the Mass Mobilization of Solutions” – finds urgent action is needed now to unlock progress and achieve the SDGs
    • It identifies ‘Nine Big Ideas’ that, if scaled globally, have the potential to unlock SDG progress from less than 66% today, to nearly 90% by the end of the decade, helping correct the annual SDG funding gap of US$14-17 trillion
    • Ideas include climate transition frameworks, AI-enabled connectivity, and universal digital financial services, through coordinated action across governments, the private sector and multi-lateral institutions, proposing a high-impact roll-out across the world

    LONDON, Sept. 23, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Force For Good: The world is failing to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and urgent action is needed to unlock progress and overcome the growing annual SDG funding gap, which now stands at US$14-17 trillion, a new report from Force for Good finds, US$112-136 trillion in total, up 10%, due to the costs of global climate transition and development needs in the Global South.

    Today, only 16% of the goal’s 169 underlying targets are on track to be met by 2030, with 50% falling behind, and 30% regressing below their 2015 levels when the SDGs were kicked off, the report finds.

    Nine ‘Big Ideas’, including climate transition frameworks, AI-enabled connectivity, and universal digital financial services, if scaled globally, have the cumulative potential to progress SDG achievement to nearly 90%, from less than 66% today, reigniting exponential progress.

    “This report shows how the global order and the systems itself can be transformed by delivering solutions en masse across the planet, engaging everyone in this endeavour … By leveraging the strengths of governments, private companies, NGOS and mobilising the individual as an agent of change, we can create a sustainable, secure, and prosperous future,” said Ketan Patel, Chair of the Advisory Council.

    The world’s failure to meet the goals is being driven by a series of interrelated economic, political, geopolitical and environmental shocks – including the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and Gaza, the energy, cost-of-living and climate crises – interacting with one another to create a ‘polycrisis’ that is diverting attention and resources away from sustainable development.

    A mass and fast roll out of the ‘Nine Big Ideas’, sponsored by appropriate champions across government, private sector or multi-lateral institutions, working with the United Nations, can make a transformative impact on developing countries, while benefitting the global economy.

    While the mass mobilisation of solutions will take a global effort, the largest developing countries, particularly India, China, and Brazil, account for two-thirds of the world’s sustainable development potential. These countries represent the first wave of opportunity in a multi-wave project to realize the future faster.

    Meeting the SDGs is a crucial step for the world in the transition to the next era of human civilization, building a platform on which further breakthroughs and technologies can create a sustainable, secure and superior future.

    About Force for Good

    Force for Good’s mission is to mobilize capital, resources, and ideas as a force for good in the world at a time of profound change. The organization’s Capital as a Force for Good Initiative engages the world’s leading financial institutions and other stakeholders, to promote sustainable development through the deployment of capital and solutions to address global issues and enable the transition to a better future.

    The annual Capital as a Force for Good report, now in its fourth edition, is the result of collaboration with the United Nations and major global financial institutions, assessing the role of capital in addressing the world’s most pressing issues.

    Institutions actively engaged include Bank of America, BlackRock, Bridgewater Associates, Citi, Credit Suisse, Fidelity Investments, First Abu Dhabi Bank, GIC Singapore, Goldman Sachs, Great-West Lifeco, HDFC Bank, HSBC, Investec Group, Japan Post Holdings, JPMorgan Chase, Liberty Mutual Insurance Group, Lloyds Banking Group, Morgan Stanley, Nomura, Nordea, Northern Trust, OMERS, Putnam Investments, Schroders, State Street, UBS, Wellington, and others.

    For further details, please visit www.forcegood.org

    CONTACTS

    Force For Good Contact:
    Lesley Whittle
    Lesley.whittle@forcegood.org

    *ESG News is a proud supporter of Force for Good

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI USA News: Remarks as Prepared for Delivery by First Lady Jill  Biden at an Event to Launch Partnership for a Lead-Free  Future

    Source: The White House

    New York City, New York

    Thank you.

    It’s great to be with so many world leaders, your Excellencies from Malawi, the Dominican Republic, and Nepal.

    Director General of the World Health Organization and President Banga of the World Bank, I’m glad to see you both again. And I appreciate your support of this new coalition.

    I’m also grateful to Open Philanthropy, which has been at the forefront of the fight against lead poisoning in children for many years.

    To Cathy Russell and Administrator Power: thank you for inviting me to join you today.

    Cathy and I have known each other for decades. Beyond the causes we both care so deeply about—from expanding opportunities for women to protecting and lifting up children—I’m grateful for our friendship. You and the team at UNICEF take on some of the world’s toughest challenges and you make a difference in every life you touch. Thank you.

    And Samantha Power, Joe’s intrepid Administrator of USAID, I am inspired by all that you do. The only thing greater than your determination to tackle humanitarian challenges around the world is your optimism for creating a healthier, safer, brighter future for people everywhere.

    Several years ago, I traveled to Jordan.

    There, I met Ms. Maha, a principal of an all-girls’ school.

    More and more families were arriving to her community from Syria after fleeing violence. And Ms. Maha’s school was already at capacity.

    One day, a mother showed up, desperate to enroll her daughter.

    The mother had tried and been turned away at so many other schools.

    So, with tears in her eyes, she pleaded with Ms. Maha to find a place for her daughter.

    Ms. Maha loves her students. And she said, “I think love is giving as much as you can.”

    So she made a promise.

    Send your daughter to class with a chair, and she can enroll.

    In the days that followed, more and more young girls showed up—carrying any chair they could find—so they could go to school and learn.

    As educators, we don’t sit with problems.

    We solve them.

    I saw this in the classrooms I visited in rural Malawi.

    The teachers found inventive ways for their students to learn through songs, rhythm, and repetition.

    Even from my own experience, like four years ago, when the pandemic hit and schools in the United States went silent.

    Overnight, educators had to learn how to use Zoom and reimagine lesson plans so we could reach our students.

    Our world is full of complexities and conflicts.

    But for the problems we can solve we can’t hesitate.

    In Principal Maha’s words: We must give as much as we can.

    Every year, the United Nations General Assembly meets to recognize our shared challenges and to find ways to overcome them.

    Right now, around the world, parents give their children toys so they can learn and play.

    They prepare meals with everyday cookware to keep their family fed.

    All the while, dangerous amounts of lead seep into their lives.

    And the consequences are irreversible.

    These children will never reach the full potential they were born with because lead poisoning is so pervasive.

    But it’s a problem we can solve.

    I’m proud that this new partnership is committing more than $150 million, which will jumpstart efforts to end childhood lead exposure in developing countries.

    This funding is 10 times more than what’s been spent annually on this problem to date.

    And it has a coalition behind it: Partners—from governments to industry to advocates—who will phase out lead from everyday products, enforce safe standards, and create a lead-free future for every child.

    Through the Partnership for a Lead-Free Future, UNICEF and USAID believe we can end childhood lead poisoning by 2040.

    Education is my life’s work.

    And I often think of what leaders might learn from teachers, who know that the future isn’t some far off place.

    It’s right before them, in their students who are striving to learn and grow. 

    Teachers who don’t stop at problems, they push through.

    Teachers who love what they do. And love is giving as much as you can.

    Children will reach for the promise that resides within them—if we do our part, everything we can, to break down the barriers in their way.

    It’s going to take all of us, pulling up chairs and joining this coalition to end lead poisoning.

    That future is within our grasp.

    Let’s reach for it, together.

    ###

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-Evening Report: The power of nostalgia: why it’s healthy for you to keep returning to your favourite TV series

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Anjum Naweed, Professor of Human Factors, CQUniversity Australia

    Janet Julie Vanatko/Shutterstock

    How often do you find yourself hitting “play” on an old favourite, reliving the same TV episodes you’ve seen before – or even know by heart?

    I’m a chronic re-watcher. Episodes of sitcoms like Blackadder (1983–89), Brooklyn Nine-Nine (2013–21), Doc Martin (2004–22) and The Office US (2005–13) – a literal lifetime of TV favourites – are usually dependable in times of stress.

    But recently, ahead of an exceptionally challenging deadline, I found myself switching up my viewing. Instead of the escapist comedy I normally return to, I switched to Breaking Bad (2008–13), a nail-biting thriller with a complex reverse hero narrative – and immediately felt at ease.

    What do our re-viewing choices tell us about ourselves? And is it OK that we keep returning to old favourites?

    Fictional stories, real relationships

    Although one-sided, the relationships we form with characters in our favourite TV shows can feel very real. They can increase a sense of belonging, reduce loneliness – and keep pulling us back in.

    When we rewatch, we feel sadness, wistful joy and longing, all at the same time. We call the sum of these contradictions nostalgia.

    Originally coined in the 17th century to describe Swiss soldiers impaired by homesickness, psychologists now understand nostalgic reflection as a shield against anxiety and threat, promoting a sense of wellbeing.

    We all rely on fiction to transport us from our own lives and realities. Nostalgia viewing extends the experience, taking us somewhere we already know and love.

    Bingeing nostalgia

    The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a wave of nostalgia viewing.

    In the United States, audience analyst Nielsen found the most streamed show of 2020 was the American version of The Office, seven years after it ended its television run. A Radio Times survey found 64% of respondents said they had rewatched a TV series during lockdown, with 43% watching nostalgic shows.

    We were suddenly thrown into an unfamiliar situation and in a perpetual state of unease. We had more time on our hands, but also wanted to feel safe. Tuning into familiar content on television offered an escape – a sanctuary from the realities of futures unknown.

    Revisiting connections with TV characters gave us a sense of control. We knew what lay in their futures, and the calm and predictability of their arcs balanced the uncertainty in ours.

    Nostalgia as a plot point

    Nostalgia has been in the DNA of television since some of the earliest programming decisions.

    Every December, broadcasters scramble to screen one of the many versions of A Christmas Carol, Charles Dickens’ much-retold and family-friendly ghost story, which also features nostalgia as a plot device.

    First screened on live TV in New York City in 1944, on the still-new technology, the broadcast continued a 100-year-old tradition of the classic appearing on stage and cinema screens.

    Settling in around the telly for A Christmas Carol connects us to the holiday period and a heartwarming metamorphosis. Ebeneezer Scrooge revisits long-lost versions of himself and turns from villain to hero and our old friend in a single night.

    For viewers, revisiting this character at the same time every year can also reconnect us with our past selves and create a predictable pattern, even in the frenzy of the silly season.

    Real-world (re)connection

    The neuroscience of nostalgic experiences is clear. Nostalgia arises when current sensory data – like what you watch on TV – matches past emotions and experiences.

    It triggers a release of dopamine, a reward-system neurotransmitter involved in emotion and motivation. Encountering nostalgia is like autoloading and hitting play on past positive experiences, elevating desire and regulating mood.

    So, nostalgia draws on experiences encoded in memory. The TV shows we choose to rewatch reflect our values, our tastes, and the phases of life we have gone through.

    Perhaps this is a reason why reboots of our favourite shows sometimes fall flat, and ultimately set fans up for disappointment.

    I still remember the crushing disillusion I felt while watching the reboot of Knight Rider (2008–09). I immediately turned to social media to find a community around my nostalgic setback

    Stronger through stress

    Going back to my challenging deadline, what was it about the nostalgic experience of watching Breaking Bad that made it different?

    Breaking Bad evokes a particular phase in my life. I binged the first three seasons when writing up my PhD thesis. Walter White’s rise and fall journey towards redemption is enmeshed in the nostalgia of a difficult time I made it through.

    The predictability of Walter White’s arc on second viewing was an unlikely haven. It’s escalating high-stakes drama mirrored my rising stress, while connecting me to who I was when I first enjoyed the show.

    The result? “Dread mode” switched off – even as my anti-heroes marched again to their dire cinematic comeuppance. Reality, past and present, could be worse.

    Anjum Naweed does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. The power of nostalgia: why it’s healthy for you to keep returning to your favourite TV series – https://theconversation.com/the-power-of-nostalgia-why-its-healthy-for-you-to-keep-returning-to-your-favourite-tv-series-237753

    MIL OSI AnalysisEveningReport.nz

  • MIL-Evening Report: In the rare event of a vaccine injury, Australians should be compensated

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Nicholas Wood, Professor, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney

    PeopleImages.com – Yuri A/Shutterstock

    Vaccination is one of the most effective methods to protect individuals and the broader public from disease. Vaccines are typically given to healthy people to prevent disease, so the bar for safety is set high.

    People benefit from vaccination at an individual level because they’re protected from disease. But for some vaccines, strong community uptake leads to “herd immunity”. This means people who are unable to be vaccinated can be protected by the “herd”.

    As with any prescribed medicine, vaccines can cause side effects. In the rare case that COVID vaccines did cause a specified serious injury (the scheme listed certain conditions that a person could claim for), Australians have been able to claim compensation. But this ends at the end of this month.

    From then, Australians won’t be able to access no-fault compensation for any vaccine injury – from COVID or any others.

    Why compensate people for vaccine injuries?

    Fortunately, serious vaccine injuries are rare. Most are not a result of error in vaccine design, manufacturing or delivery, but are a product of a small but inherent risk.

    As a result, people who suffer serious vaccine injuries cannot get compensation through legal mechanisms. This is because they can’t demonstrate the injury was caused through negligence.

    Vaccine injury compensation schemes compensate people who have a serious vaccine injury following administration of properly manufactured vaccines.

    The COVID vaccine claims scheme

    In 2021, in recognition of the rare risk of a serious vaccine injury, and in support of the roll out of the COVID vaccine program, the Australian government introduced a COVID vaccine claims scheme.

    The aim was to provide a simple, streamlined process to compensate people who suffered a moderate to severe vaccine injury, without the need for complex legal proceedings. It was limited to TGA-approved COVID vaccines, and to specific reactions.

    The Australian government has said the scheme will close this month and claims need to be lodged before September 30 2024.

    Following its closure, Australia will not have a vaccine injury compensation scheme.

    Australia is lagging internationally

    Australia lags behind 25 other countries including the United States, United Kingdom and New Zealand which have comprehensive no-fault vaccine injury compensation schemes. These cover both COVID and non-COVID vaccines.

    The schemes are based on the ethical principle of “reciprocal justice”. This acknowledges that people acting to benefit not just themselves but also the community (for the benefit of the “herd”) should be compensated by the same community if it has resulted in harm.

    The US, UK and New Zealand all have vaccine injury compensation schemes.
    Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock

    So what happens in Australia now?

    In Australia, people with non-COVID vaccine injuries or COVID vaccine injuries not covered by the current claims scheme must bear the costs associated with their injury by themselves or access publicly funded health care. They will not receive any compensation for their injury and suffering.

    Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) provides funding support to access therapies for people with a permanent and significant disability. However, it does not cover temporary vaccine-related injuries.

    Participants with vaccine injuries as a result of taking part in a clinical vaccine trial are compensated. This typically includes income-replacement, personal assistance expenses and reimbursement of expenses resulting from the incident, including medical expenses.

    In Australia, we also have strong compulsion for people to receive routine vaccines through legislative requirements such as No Jab No Pay (which requires children to be immunised to receive some government payments) and, in some states, No Jab No Play (which requires children be fully immunised to attend childcare).

    Countries such as ours that mandate vaccination without providing no-fault injury compensation schemes for rare vaccine injury could be abrogating the social contract by not protecting the individual and community.

    It’s time to set up an Australian scheme

    The Australian immunisation system is among the most comprehensive in the world. Our government-funded national immunisation program provides free vaccines for infants, children and adults for at least 15 diseases.

    We also have a whole-of-life immunisation register and comprehensive vaccine safety surveillance system.

    Australia’s immunisation program provides vaccines for at least 15 different diseases.
    sergey kolesnikov/Shutterstock

    A recent Senate committee recommended:

    the Australian government consider the design and compensation arrangements of a no-fault compensation scheme for Commonwealth-funded vaccines in response to a future pandemic event.

    Vaccines are designed to be very safe and effective. But the “insurance policy” of an injury compensation scheme, if designed and communicated appropriately, should build trust and give confidence to health workers and the general public to support our national vaccine program. This is particularly important given the reductions in uptake of routine vaccines.

    How should it work?

    A no-fault vaccine injury compensation scheme could be funded via a vaccine levy system, as is done in the US, where an excise tax is imposed on each dose of vaccine.

    An effective vaccine injury compensation scheme needs to be:

    • accessible, with low legal and financial barriers
    • transparent, with clear decision-making processes, compensation frameworks and funding responsibilities
    • timely, with short, clear timeframes for decision-making
    • fair, with people compensated adequately for the harm they’ve suffered.

    Legislation to introduce and allocate funds to support an Australian injury compensation scheme for all vaccines is overdue. The draft National Immunisation Strategy 2025–2030 hinted at the opportunity to explore the feasibility of a no fault compensation scheme for all vaccines the Australian government funds, without committing to such a program.

    An Australian vaccine injury scheme, covering all national immunisation program vaccines, not just pandemic use vaccines, should be seen as a crucial component of our public health system and a social responsibility commitment to all Australians.

    Nicholas Wood previously received funding from the NHMRC for a Career Development Fellowship and is a Churchill Fellow.

    Sophie Wen receives funding from Queensland Government for an Advancing Clinical Research Fellowship and is a Mary McConnel career boost program recipient from Children’s Hospital Foundation. Sophie Wen is an investigator for several industry-sponsored clinical vaccine trials but does not receive any direct funding.

    Tim Ford does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. In the rare event of a vaccine injury, Australians should be compensated – https://theconversation.com/in-the-rare-event-of-a-vaccine-injury-australians-should-be-compensated-232396

    MIL OSI AnalysisEveningReport.nz

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: India attends first in-person IPEF Supply Chain Council and Crisis Response Network meeting at Washington DC

    Source: Government of India (2)

    India attends first in-person IPEF Supply Chain Council and Crisis Response Network meeting at Washington DC

    Three Action Plan teams formed for Semiconductor; Critical Minerals with a focus on batteries; and Chemicals to facilitate supply chain resilience

    Sub-committee on Logistics and Movement of Goods established to improve logistics services

    Sub-committee on Data and Analytics established to analyse supply chain exposures and risk

    Crisis Response Network meeting witnesses Emergency Simulation Exercise

    Posted On: 23 SEP 2024 6:13PM by PIB Delhi

    Indian delegation attended the first in-Person meeting of the Supply Chain Council of the Indo-Pacific Economic Forum (IPEF) for Prosperity held in Washington DC on 12 September 2024 followed by Crisis Response Network meeting on 13 September 2024. These formal meetings were preceded by Panel discussions on various topics related to supply chain resilience with special focus on the United States initiatives including the creation of dedicated Supply Chain Centre and development of the tool like SCALE.

    While the US is the Chair, India is the vice Chair of the Supply Chain Council. Substantial progress was made in this meeting. The Council adopted the one-year work plan detailing the action to be taken by the Council for the entire year. Apart from this, the major achievements were the establishment of three Action Plan Teams pertaining to three sectors, namely Semiconductor; Critical Minerals with a focus on batteries; and Chemicals.

    It was also principally agreed by the partner countries to establish another Action Plan Team related to Healthcare/Pharma sector, wherein the Action Plan Team will come into operation once the Chair for the same is finalised. These sectors were identified from the list of critical sectors and key goods notified by the Partner countries. Interested partner countries can join the Action Plan teams within a month of the establishment of the Action Plan Teams. These Action Plan Teams will commence work shortly to prepare its recommendations for the Council on possible collaborative and co-operative efforts among the partner countries for bringing in resilience in supply chain pertaining in those specific critical sectors and key goods.

    The formation of Action Plan teams in these areas are highly relevant today in majority of critical supply chains given their supply concentration and the experience learnt from significant disruptions faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are challenges and strength in these areas across all IPEF partners. Some examples are given below:

    For semiconductor eco-system, one may be endowed with skilled workforce say the design engineers for chip design, others may be in a position to provide high capital investment for fabrication and manufacturing, developed infrastructure etc. The world has witnessed exponential growth in technological advancements and demand for clean energy solutions. This paradigm shift towards a sustainable and low-carbon future has brought to the forefront the critical importance of securing a reliable supply of critical minerals.

    The use of specific critical minerals is indispensable for the sectors including clean energy, electronics, defence, transportation, telecommunications, fertilisers, pharmaceuticals. One of the key challenges lies in the supply risk on account of its concentration and global market dynamics and, which can result in price volatility and uncertainty leading to supply disruptions.

    Similarly, the growing population puts immense pressure on limited agricultural land for higher yields and in this context, the importance of Agro-chemicals resilient supply chain has become extremely important. According to an estimate, the Agrochemicals Market (fertilizers, pesticides, adjuvants, and plant regulators) is projected to reach USD 282.2 billion by 2028 from USD 235.2 billion by 2023, at a CAGR of 3.7%.

    Another major achievement was establishment of two sub-committees for cross cutting issues. While the Sub-committee on Logistics and Movement of Goods would facilitate efforts to improve logistics services and logistics infrastructure in the IPEF region, as well as efforts to enhance trade facilitation practices, the Sub-committee on Data and Analytics would build upon the work already undertaken by IPEF countries to exchange analytical approaches to supply chain exposures and risk. In this context, India also emphasized on the need to work towards workforce development for re-skilling and up-skilling, which is positively under consideration.

    After the in-person meeting of the IPEF Supply Chain Council, the Crisis Response Network (CRN) meeting, chaired by the Republic of Korea, was held on 13 September 2024. During the meeting, as part of capacity building, CRN conducted an emergency simulation exercise (table top exercise) involving a supply chain disruption impacting the import and use of certain chemicals by IPEF countries and discussed ways to enhance collaboration across IPEF. CRN is focused on addressing immediate supply chain disruptions.

    IPEF Partner countries including India are committed to actively engage in the Action Plan teams and Subcommittees of their interest as they work together in a collaborative and co-operative manner to develop actionable policies and recommendations aimed at strengthening supply chain resilience across the IPEF region.

    Supply Chain Resilience Agreement (Pillar II Agreement) under IPEF (a 14-country plurilateral grouping in the Indo-Pacific region.) came into effect from 24 February 2024.  The Agreement seeks to strengthen supply chains through economic engagement among partner countries with the goal of advancing growth, peace and prosperity in the region. Under this Agreement, three institutional bodies have been created namely, Supply Chain Council (SCC), Crisis Response Network (CRN) and the Labour Rights Advisory Board (LRAB) with specific functions to achieve the objectives of the Agreement.

    On the sidelines of the these IPEF meetings, bilateral meetings were also held with the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Republic of Korea to understand their views and the way forward for facilitating robust supply chain in the region.

    The next meeting of the Supply Chain Council will be in held December, 2024.

    ***

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    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News

  • MIL-OSI China: Summit of the Future reaches consensus on UN updates to address challenges

    Source: China State Council Information Office 3

    Philemon Yang, president of the General Assembly of the United Nations, speaks at the Summit of the Future at the UN headquarters in New York, Sept. 22, 2024. [Photo/Xinhua]

    The Summit of the Future opened at the United Nations (UN) headquarters in New York on Sunday, with the adoption of a Pact for the Future, as well as its annexes the Global Digital Compact and the Declaration on Future Generations, which cover a broad range of themes including peace and security, sustainable development, climate change, digital cooperation, human rights, gender, youth and future generations and the transformation of global governance.

    The Pact for the Future is the UN’s master plan for tackling challenges that lie ahead for humanity, with 56 “actions” covering everything from peacekeeping to the potential threats posed by artificial intelligence. The pact underlines the “increasingly complex challenges” to world peace, notably the threat of nuclear war, with the document reiterating the UN’s core tenets.

    The pact promises to accelerate efforts to attain the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which aim for the eradication of extreme poverty by 2030, an intensified battle against hunger, promotion of gender equality and education. Most of the objectives were set in 2005, but are far from being realized. Against that backdrop, and with poor countries particularly mobilized for change, the pact especially calls for “reform of the international financial architecture.”

    What UNGA president says?

    “We stand at a crossroads of global transformation, facing unprecedented challenges that demand urgent, collective action,” Philemon Yang, president the UN General Assembly, said at the opening segment of the two-day summit. “From conflict and climate change to the digital divide, from inequalities to threats against human rights, together, we all face profound challenges. Yet, alongside these challenges, there is hope,” because challenges come along with opportunities.

    The Pact for the Future represents the world body’s pledge not only to address immediate crises, but lay the foundations for a sustainable, just, and peaceful global order, for all peoples and nations, he said, adding that the commitments embodied in the pact and its annexes reflect the collective will of UN member states to promote international peace and security, invigorate implementation of the SDGs, foster just and inclusive societies, and ensure that technologies always serve the common good of humankind.

    “The Summit of the Future is a call to action. We must shape our future to protect ourselves and our planet Earth,” said the president. “Action that recommits us to the principles of international law, the goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the promise of the United Nations Charter to save future generations from the pain of war.”

    The world body’s mission is to eradicate poverty in all its forms, tackle inequalities, and promote peace and security, tolerance and respect for diversity, and the summit offers a historic opportunity to ensure that progress is shared equitably across all nations and communities everywhere, he said.

    “We have an obligation to harness the power of science, technology, and innovation, in order to prepare the future of humankind. It is also important that we reproduce our human successes across generations all the time,” noted the president. “Let us continue our efforts to reform and strengthen global institutions that support peace, security, sustainable development, and financial stability.”

    What UN secretary general says?

    “I called for this summit to consider deep reforms to make global institutions more legitimate, fair and effective, based on the values of the UN Charter,” said UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres at the meeting. “I called for this summit because 21st century challenges require 21st century solutions: frameworks that are networked and inclusive; and that draw on the expertise of all of humanity … our world is heading off the rails — and we need tough decisions to get back on track.”

    Conflicts are raging and multiplying, from the Middle East to Ukraine and Sudan, with no end in sight, he said, adding that the world’s collective security system is threatened by geopolitical divides, nuclear posturing, and the development of new weapons and theaters of war, while resources that could bring opportunities and hope are invested in death and destruction.

    “In short, our multilateral tools and institutions are unable to respond effectively to today’s political, economic, environmental and technological challenges. And tomorrow’s will be even more difficult and even more dangerous,” noted the secretary general, stressing that things are changing fast but the world’s peace and security tools and institutions, as well as its global financial architecture, reflect a bygone era.

    Technology, geopolitics and globalization have transformed power relations and the world is going through a time of turbulence and a period of transition, he addressed the meeting. With the adoption of the Pact for the Future, the Global Digital Compact and the Declaration on Future Generations, pathways are opened to new possibilities and opportunities — a breakthrough on peace and security reforms to make the Security Council more reflective of today’s world is promised.

    These three landmark agreements are a step-change toward more effective, inclusive, networked multilateralism, said Guterres, noting that their implementation will prioritize dialogue and negotiation, end the wars tearing the world apart, and reform the composition and working methods of the Security Council. “To rebuild trust, we must start with the present and look to the future. People everywhere are hoping for a future of peace, dignity, and prosperity.”

    What Summit of the Future Means?

    In 2020, the United Nations turned 75 and marked the occasion by starting a global conversation about hopes and fears for the future. This was the beginning of a process that would eventually lead, four years later, to the convening of the Summit of the Future, a major event this September, just before the annual high-level debate of the General Assembly.

    The summit was conceived at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, when there was a perception at the UN that countries and people pulled apart instead of cooperating to face this global threat.

    “We were really confronted with the gap between the aspirations of our founders, which we were trying to celebrate at the 75th anniversary, and the reality of the world as it is today,” said Michele Griffin, the policy director of the summit.

    UN member states tasked Guterres to come up with a vision for the future of global cooperation. His answer to their call was “Our Common Agenda,” a landmark report with recommendations on renewed global cooperation to address a host of risks and threats, and a proposal to hold a forward-looking summit in 2024.

    The event consists of sessions and plenaries based around five main tracks — sustainable development and financing; peace and security; a digital future for all; youth and future generations; and global governance — and other topics that cut across all of the work of the UN, including human rights, gender equality and the climate crisis.

    The immediate outcome is the finalized version of the Pact for the Future, with the Global Digital Compact and the Declaration for Future Generations as annexes, all of which were adopted by member states during the summit on Sunday.

    MIL OSI China News

  • MIL-OSI New Zealand: Government undermines public service with WFH crackdown

    Source: Green Party

    The Green Party says the Government’s retrograde move to tighten up on Work from Home arrangements is the latest in a series of blows to the Public Service.

    “This is shallow soundbite policy and a cheap shot to a public service that is being gutted by the Government,” says the Green Party Spokesperson for the Public Service, Francisco Hernandez.

    “Our public service needs to be supported so it can support our communities. Undermining our public servants at every opportunity will only lead to an erosion of the services we all rely on. 

    “We saw firsthand during the pandemic the benefit of flexible work arrangements and how they can support people to achieve a better work life balance, being beneficial to productivity and morale. 

    “This gimmick Government wants to take us back to the pre-internet days when we lacked the flexibility to adopt working arrangements that work for our workers. This Government quite clearly mistrusts and undervalues the public service. 

    “How can the Government claim this is about improving the performance of the public service when it has repeatedly punched down on our public servants? 

    “It is laughable for the Prime Minister to claim that this will be good for the Wellington CBD when his Government has cut almost 7,000 public service jobs, which has had devastating down-stream effects to the local economy. 

    “If we want to reinvigorate the heart of our cities, we need to support public and active transport, bolster our urban density and stop gutting public services, slashing jobs and cutting incomes.

    “Public servants should have the right to safe, decent and meaningful work that affords them the right balance of working from home and from the office. This should be a discussion between employers and employees, not something that is dictated by Nicola Willis.  

    “The Greens would reform our employment laws for all workers in New Zealand to enable flexible working arrangements, including working from home,” says Francisco Hernandez.

    MIL OSI New Zealand News

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Mayor visits New York to promote London as leading destination for business, tourism and sport

    Source: Mayor of London

    The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, is heading to New York this week for a series of meetings and events with global leaders to bang the drum for London as a place to invest, hold sporting events and promote the capital as an unrivalled destination for tourists.

    Sadiq’s visit takes place during the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, where business leaders, politicians and major organisations converge on New York to discuss global issues including delivering economic prosperity and tackling climate change.

    During his visit Sadiq will promote London as an exceptional place to work and invest in, including meetings with Accordion, CLA Global, Salesforce and Thoropass. He will also use meetings to promote London as an unparalleled destination for sporting events and tourism.

     

    The Mayor will speak at a number of high-profile events, including the Concordia Annual Summit, a global affairs forum that works to address the world’s most pressing needs, the Climate Pledge Summit and the NYC Climate Week Hub.

    London faces stiff competition but is still the leading location globally for US businesses looking to expand overseas. Last year saw New York invest $1.7 billion into London climate start-ups and climate focused companies, with the capital the top city for foreign direct investment from the United States over the last 10 years, when compared to all other cities globally.

    Around 3.5 million visits were made between the US and London in 2023, surpassing pre-Pandemic levels by 12 per cent. This week’s visit to the US follows the Mayor’s announcement last week that he plans to transform oxford street into a traffic-free pedestrianised avenue, encouraging even more tourists to come to central London, restoring the street as the leading retails destination in the world.

    While in New York the Mayor will also meet with senior sporting officials as he fulfils his pledge to explore bringing more sports from North America and around the world to our city. London, under Sadiq’s mayoralty has great pedigree in hosting the biggest international sporting events from around the globe – and Sadiq is determined to cement our city’s reputation as the undisputed sports capital of the world. 

     

    This capital has had a fantastic summer of music and sport, with Taylor Swift performing The Eras Tour at Wembley Stadium more times than any other city in the world and London hosting Major League Baseball, Diamond League Athletics, the Champions League Final and world title heavyweight boxing. In the coming months there are more major events with the 68th BFI London Film Festival, three NFL games and the League of Legends grand final at the O2 Arena, while next summer the capital will host the final of the Women’s Rugby World Cup.

    Sadiq will also remind global leaders that now is the time to take firm action to tackle climate change. He will speak at New York Climate Week and at the Climate Pledge Summit emphasising how cities are at the forefront of climate action, with over half of the world’s population living in them and consuming 75per cent of global energy. The Mayor will highlight London’s bold initiatives and plans for the future including his commitment to make London rivers swimmable in ten years.

     

    Sadiq is in New York in his capacity as Mayor of London and also Chair of C40 Cities – a global network of nearly 100 mayors of the world’s leading cities that are united in action to confront the climate crisis, and will call on leaders to follow London’s example, turning our current global challenges into opportunities for transformative climate action.

    Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, said: “I am looking forward to visiting New York to bang the drum for London as the perfect location for global businesses to expand, invest and to hold sporting events.

    “With so many key business leaders and politicians in New York this week, this really is the perfect time to promote London on the global stage – whether as an exciting tourist destination or the host of the world’s best sporting events.  

    “It is also an important week for global leaders to restate their commitment to tackle climate change, to learn from other cities and nations and showcase how London remains at the forefront of global action.”

    While in New York, Sadiq will also speak at the UN’s SDG Lounge event – hosted by the UN Office for Partnerships – on the need to accelerate climate action and give the keynote address at a Clinton Global Initiative opening the session on “Leveraging Technology and Nature for Equitable Urban Resilience”.

    C40 Executive Director, Mark Watts, said: “This UN General Assembly and New York Climate Week come at a pivotal time, amidst an upcoming election in the USA and following the general election here in the UK. The world will be watching to see how global leaders are addressing—or, in many cases, delaying action on the climate crisis. That is why Mayor Khan’s role this week, representing both London and C40 Cities, is so crucial. His unwavering dedication to creating healthier and greener cities sets a powerful example for city and national leaders around the globe. His presence here highlights the leading role of mayors in building a sustainable and inclusive future for all.” 

     

    Janet Coyle, Managing Director of Business Growth, London & Partners, said: “The business ties between London & North America have always been prevalent. From the future of drug discovery with Recursion to a leading cloud provider in CoreWeave, it has already been an impactful year for US expansion to London. New York and London in particular have always enhanced one another’s ecosystem to strengthen not only each other but the collective transatlantic community.”

    MIL OSI United Kingdom