Category: Politics

MIL-OSI USA: Barr, Managing Financial Crises

Source: US State of New York Federal Reserve

Thank you for the opportunity to speak to you today.1 I note that the objectives of the Program on Financial Stability include “supporting the world’s financial authorities in refining proven crises management tools and strategies.”2 Speaking as a representative of one of those authorities, I thought I would further the program’s goals by focusing these remarks on the principles and practice of crisis management. I am favored in that task with what one might call the luck of having been regularly confronted with crises in each of my three stints as a public servant, over a career divided between government and academia. In noting how often my arrival in government was accompanied by crisis, it might be reasonable to wonder if this is correlation or causation.
Kidding aside, crisis management is central to all management because it demands the very best from managers when it is most needed. Anyone who spends time in government can expect that some of the most memorable and challenging experiences will be managing through tough situations, when the answers to problems are unclear but the mission of the organization comes into acute focus. The financial system is in a perpetual state balancing risk and reward. Sometimes the system falls out of balance, and vulnerabilities turn into stress or even crisis. This moment is when it is crucial to mitigate spillovers from the financial system that can hurt businesses and households and wreak havoc on the economy at large.
Some of the most important features of modern economies were developed to prevent and mitigate financial crises. The first central banks, and eventually the Federal Reserve, were created to provide stable currencies and banking systems in support of the long-term stability of the provision of credit necessary to foster growth and rising living standards. Regulation of financial markets, regulation and supervision of banks, federal deposit insurance, and laws to protect investors, consumers, and businesses were developed over time to promote both financial stability and durable economic growth. I have spoken previously about how monetary policy and financial stability are inextricably linked and how the tools we use to conduct monetary policy and support financial stability work together.3
In the spring of 2023, the United States faced the prospect of a spiraling stress event, when poor management and excessive risk-taking by Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) led to a run that quickly spread to other banks and threatened the wider banking system. Shortcomings in supervision and gaps in the regulatory framework also contributed to SVB’s failure, and I’ve spoken about the steps the Federal Reserve has taken to improve supervision and other steps to close regulatory gaps.4 Today, I’d like to talk about how effective management of the banking stress in the spring of 2023 helped prevent that event from spiraling into a financial crisis.
Given our student audience, I will begin with a little background on how I got into the crisis management business. After Yale Law School and two court clerkships, I worked at the State Department and then went to work for Treasury Secretary Bob Rubin in 1995. When I arrived, the Treasury Department had helped Mexico deal with a financial crisis that threatened to spread to the United States, and additional crises were to come in 1997 in Asia and in 1998 in Russia. Together, these events credibly threatened a worldwide financial crisis, which was averted by a response across the U.S. government and coordinated with governments and lending institutions around the world. I left government for academia in 2001 and then returned to Treasury in 2009 under Secretary Tim Geithner, in the midst of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). I worked to develop what became known as the Dodd-Frank Act. This law was a pivotal component of our response to the GFC by addressing gaps in financial market oversight, including through strengthened regulation and supervision of banks that increased the safeguards against the excessive risk-taking that caused the crisis. I went back to academia again in 2011 and then returned to public service as the Federal Reserve Board’s Vice Chair for Supervision in July 2022. In this position, I oversaw the response to the bank failures in March 2023 and have helped develop ways to reduce these and other risks going forward.
The March 2023 Banking StressLet me review some facts about what happened, so you can understand the context for how we put crisis management principles and practices to work.
SVB failed because of a textbook case of mismanagement of interest rate and liquidity risk.5 This mismanagement made uninsured depositors lose confidence in the bank’s solvency, so they ran. While this was a textbook case, the speed and severity of the run were unprecedented. The largest previous bank failure before SVB was of Washington Mutual in 2008.6 The accumulation of stresses that resulted in Washington Mutual’s failure occurred over several weeks. By contrast, SVB’s deposit outflows were much greater in both relative and absolute terms, and they occurred in less than 24 hours. On top of that, the bank had major gaps in its liquidity risk management, including its preparedness to tap contingency liquidity.7
Because this discussion is for future first responders, I will share with you some detail about what it’s like to be on the front lines working to address a bank run. On the morning of Thursday, March 9, 2023, SVB had only a little over $5 billion in collateral pledged to the discount window, as compared to over $150 billion in uninsured deposits.8 Around midday, the firm contacted the Federal Reserve, indicating that it wanted to take out a discount window loan against this collateral, and the loan was granted. But in the next several hours, its account was drained as its deposit outflows spiraled. In the late afternoon, the firm indicated that it would need additional liquidity to meet expected outflows. The Federal Reserve worked with the firm to help it identify additional assets it could pledge to the discount window, but SVB was unsuccessful in identifying and moving sufficient collateral. Fed staff worked with the firm through the night to establish ad hoc collateral arrangements, so that the firm could tap the discount window further to meet its liquidity needs in the morning.
While this process was happening overnight, however, the volume of online deposit withdrawal requests was growing, such that SVB management expected outflows of over $100 billion the next day, an unprecedented sum.9 Even if the bank were able to pledge all collateral available that morning to the discount window, the firm would not have been able to meet its obligations. It was not viable. The state of California closed the bank and turned it over to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) for resolution.
SVB’s failure contributed to the strains at FDIC-supervised Signature Bank, and that bank failed in short order. As the situation intensified, the effects on businesses and households became increasingly apparent. Critically, these failures caused a reassessment of the viability of uninsured deposits as a funding source across the banking system. But strains at other banks materialized despite material differences between these firms. The rapidity of equity market price declines for several banks triggered repeated trading halts for their shares. Online deposits began to migrate out of smaller banks to larger banks, putting pressure on these smaller institutions.10 Commercial customers that had remaining deposits at SVB after it failed realized that they would not have access to their deposits and thus wouldn’t be able to make payroll or even stay in business.11
The severity and rapidity of the spread of stress warranted a decisive response. We developed a two-part strategy that weekend.
On March 12, the Treasury Secretary, the FDIC, and the Federal Reserve announced that the FDIC would protect uninsured deposits at SVB and Signature Bank under the systemic risk exception to least-cost resolution.12 This action essentially implied that all depositors, insured and uninsured, would have access to their deposits Monday morning. And the step helped calm uninsured depositors around the country.
Also on March 12, the Federal Reserve established the Bank Term Funding Program (BTFP) under its emergency lending authority with the approval of and a backstop from the Treasury.13 The BTFP’s terms and conditions addressed the fundamental source of banking-sector jitters: questions about the ability of a range of banks to hold onto their high-quality securities that had lost value because of interest rate increases. Unrealized losses on securities portfolios were a problem for many banks, particularly when the stability of their deposit bases came into question. The BTFP provided stable funding for these high-quality assets, addressing these concerns. Specifically, the BTFP provided one-year loans to banks in sound financial condition against Treasury securities and agency securities, valued at par.
By doing so, the BTFP addressed banks’ immediate concerns about the stability of their funding and mitigated the risk that banks would be forced to liquidate assets in a fire sale, locking in losses. BTFP advances provided confidence that banks would have sufficient funding to retain the securities on balance sheet. The program supported confidence among depositors that their banks would have ready access to sufficient cash to meet their needs, thus helping reduce concern that a self-fulfilling panic could cause additional bank runs.
Usage of the BTFP was widespread across the banking sector, both in terms of actual usage and from a contingency standpoint. For example, at its peak, BTFP borrowing exceeded $160 billion, and collateral posted to the BTFP reached nearly $540 billion, suggesting that banks saw value in being prepared and having capacity to tap the facility if necessary. Over 1,800 institutions borrowed from the program, and the bulk of the borrowing was among institutions with less than $10 billion in assets. These smaller institutions took out 50 percent of loans by value and nearly 95 percent of loans by volume. Fed staff analysis showed the usage was more likely among institutions that had experienced deposit outflows, but usage was also widespread at firms that did not experience outflows. The broad-based actual and contingency use was consistent with Federal Reserve communications that the program was part of prudent liquidity management and that we encouraged all depository institutions to use the program. Now, about two weeks before all remaining outstanding BTFP loans are set to mature, the program is down to less than $200 million, and the program has experienced no losses.14
Our response to the stress worked. After the announcement of the systemic risk exception and the BTFP in early March, signs of broad-based contagion subsided, and the system stabilized. While in the first two weeks of March midsize and regional banks experienced significant outflows of deposits, the acute phase of outflows had eased by the end of the month. Stability among banks that had earlier come under pressure didn’t mean that every bank found its footing, but the process of dealing with balance sheet gaps was much smoother and spillovers remained contained. By the fall of that year, deposit flows had fully stabilized and midsize and regional banks saw deposit inflows on net.
Managing Additional Stress beyond Silicon Valley and Signature BanksWhile the announcement of the systemic risk exception and the BTFP on March 13, 2023, helped stabilize banks in the United States, we were also continuing to manage stress in the global financial system in cooperation with relevant authorities.
Credit Suisse, a Swiss global systemically important banking organization, had been experiencing stress over several years before March 2023, with doubts about its future viability after the Archegos Capital Management and Greensill Capital scandals had tarnished its reputation and raised doubts about its business model. Stress and outflows at Credit Suisse picked up in the fall of 2022, and we spent many months working with Swiss, European, and U.K. regulators on how to manage the growing issues, including war-gaming potential resolution scenarios. Concerns about the firm’s viability accelerated on March 9, 2023, when it was forced to announce that its internal controls over financial reporting were ineffective and had been for several years. Though Credit Suisse continued to operate, it became apparent that the firm was in trouble in the week following the failures of SVB and Signature Bank.
Just one week after SVB failed, Swiss authorities arranged for Credit Suisse to be acquired by UBS in a weekend deal that involved triggering Credit Suisse’s contingent convertible capital instruments, a severe dilution of shareholders, and the removal of senior bank management, as well as emergency liquidity support and extraordinary loss sharing from the Swiss government.15 In a sense, Credit Suisse had failed very slowly over many months—even years—and then all at once.
The combination of these events involved coordination across U.S. and foreign jurisdictions, with careful monitoring and cooperation to identify risks to financial stability and to monitor spillovers to the U.S. and European banking systems.
Back in the United States, we worked with our domestic counterparts as a handful of additional banks remained under pressure in the months that followed. Notably FDIC-supervised First Republic Bank was closed on May 1, 2023. First Republic had also experienced tremendous stress in March, as it suffered deposit outflows of nearly 20 percent in a single day.16 First Republic withstood these outflows in part because of significant discount window lending, as well as the extraordinary coordination among several other banks that placed significant deposits at the bank—worth $30 billion. But over time, it became clear that First Republic’s rapid and large deposit outflows and unrealized losses on loans and securities would lead to its failure as well.17
While these were the events that got the headlines, the Federal Reserve continuously monitored other banks with potential balance sheet vulnerabilities, including those with gaps in interest rate and liquidity risk management, as well as significant exposures to office commercial real estate. We worked with these firms to ensure they addressed their vulnerabilities, while they bolstered their liquidity positions to manage potential stress. For example, overall, from March 2023 to March 2024, banks of all sizes and condition, including many not under direct stress, pledged more than $1 trillion in additional collateral to the discount window. Banks and supervisors took a wide variety of steps to shore up resilience throughout the system.
Principles and Practices for Managing Financial-Sector StressWhen a crisis hits, the stakes are high. In the GFC, millions of Americans lost their homes, their jobs, and their dreams for their futures, when savings for education and retirement disappeared with the collapse of asset prices.18 The contraction in credit hurt small businesses and families all across the country. When banks can’t carry out their role in supplying credit to those who need it, the effects are severe and widespread.
With those stakes in mind, here are five key principles that I learned in my experiences managing financial crises.
First, crisis response needs to be forceful. The factor that transforms a series of unfortunate events into a self-sustaining crisis is the belief that there is no end in sight and no prospect of a sufficient response. While we could debate whether every aspect of the GFC response was necessary, one clear lesson from this experience, and from other crises I have been involved in, is how important it is that the response be forceful enough to convince market participants and the broader public that there is a capability and the will to overcome the crisis.
A second principle is that the response should be proportionate. While a forceful response is important to bolster confidence in the prospects for gaining control over the crisis, the response also must avoid shaking confidence by suggesting that conditions are worse than they seem. In a crisis, information is spread unevenly. A response that is out of proportion—for example, by touching aspects of the financial system not considered endangered—can be misinterpreted as providing vital information about the extent of vulnerabilities.
Another key component of crisis management is the need to engage in decisionmaking amid significant uncertainty. I explained how the response needs to be both forceful and proportionate. Finding this balance requires making tough judgments amid rapidly evolving conditions. Crisis managers need to make consequential decisions quickly with the recognition that their understanding of the facts is incomplete. Even the best of efforts to understand what is happening and what is needed will be unsatisfactory in the moment. Decisionmaking under these conditions takes some courage. It also takes humility: the ability to listen to others around you, gather different perspectives, and weigh the imperfect information in real time.
A fourth principle is the need for clear communication—internally to the teams working on the response and externally to the public. And these communications need to be consistent with each other and with the values of the institution, even if tailored to the particular audience. Clear internal communication provides direction to the crisis response teams and facilitates coordination across relevant public-sector actors. Clear external communication, when grounded in a realistic assessment of the situation, can calm markets and reassure the public about the strategy. And clear communication is a two-way street: It involves listening to internal and external perspectives, as well as speaking in a way that can be heard.
And that brings me to the fifth principle I would cite, which is accountability. Financial crises come about because of a lack of confidence in counterparties and among other participants in the financial system. It is crucial for crisis responders to be credible and accountable not only for assessing the root causes of the crisis, but also for addressing these causes and the aftermath. That requires staying focused on the long-term goals for reform even as crisis management remains critically important and urgent.19
Practices for Effective Management under Periods of StressThese are important principles, and I will talk a little bit about some of the practices we used as we were guided by these principles. One crucial component of successful management of a stress event is to gather the most relevant information as quickly as possible. In a large and complex organization, it is necessary to overcome barriers to information flow across functions. In the case of the March 2023 banking stress, we drew from across the functions of the central bank to gather real-time information necessary to assess the severity of the conditions facing troubled institutions and also to identify potential levers of response.
Supervisors generally have real-time information from a bank as it undergoes stress, but this information needs to be put into context with foundational knowledge about the firm, such as the current structure of its balance sheet and typical payment flows. While we managed an influx of reports about deposit flows at banks, it was important to be able to immediately put the size of the outflows in context and corroborate anecdotal reports against multiple sources, including from our own systems. Our next step is to assess a firm’s capacity to weather additional stress. First responders can assess if the firm has maximized the liquidity potential of its assets, including through its relationships with liquidity providers. And one needs to assess these firms’ connections to the rest of the financial sector and identify interlinkages and spillovers. Leaning on experts who engage in broader monitoring of financial markets and engage in outreach with well-established contacts can be important. A team of staff who have the capacity to think broadly across the institution and draw on the partnerships they have built with a range of business lines is necessary to support the kind of information gathering and strategizing that are crucial for consequential decisions. This is why an institutional culture that supports curiosity and openness to ideas and inquiry from the most junior to the most senior staff is foundational.
Earlier I mentioned the principle of needing to be accountable to the public about the sources of the crisis and to address the underlying vulnerabilities that led to it. On March 13, 2023, in consultation with Chair Powell, I requested a review of the failure of SVB. Self-evaluation is the first step in any sound risk-management framework. Experienced career staff from across the Federal Reserve System who were not involved in SVB’s supervision reviewed the reasons for the bank’s failure.20 The review helped identify where the supervisory and regulatory functions of the Federal Reserve could be improved. Additional reviews by external independent parties, which we welcomed, reached similar conclusions.21 More broadly, carefully considering the underlying vulnerabilities that contributed to the stress helped the Fed develop proposals for how the supervisory and regulatory framework could be improved.22
ConclusionNo leader looks forward to managing through a crisis, but those who hope to be good leaders need to be good crisis managers. These are skills that are most effectively developed through hard experience, but we can also learn from those who have gone through the experiences. In my case, the lessons of dealing with financial crises as a government official have revealed to me some basic principles that I believe can be useful to crisis managers. I have also learned that the best crisis management occurs beforehand, by strengthening rules and norms and other structures meant to reduce the risk of a crisis in the first place and by fostering organizational values and culture that will help manage a crisis when it comes.
Thank you.

1. The views expressed here are my own and are not necessarily those of my colleagues on the Federal Reserve Board or the Federal Open Market Committee. Return to text
2. See Yale School of Management, Program on Financial Stability (2025), “About the Yale Program on Financial Stability,” webpage, paragraph 1. Return to text
3. See, for example, Michael S. Barr (2023), “Monetary Policy and Financial Stability,” speech delivered at the Forecasters Club of New York, New York, October 2; and Michael S. Barr (2024), “The Intersection of Monetary Policy, Market Functioning, and Liquidity Risk Management,” speech delivered at the 40th Annual National Association for Business Economics (NABE) Economic Policy Conference, Washington, February 14. Return to text
4. See Michael S. Barr (2023), “Supervision and Regulation” testimony before the Financial Services Committee, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, May 16. Also please see Michael S. Barr (2024), “Supervision with Speed, Force, and Agility,” speech delivered at the Annual Columbia Law School Banking Conference, New York, February 16. For more on bank supervision, see “Understanding Federal Reserve Supervision,” available on the Federal Reserve Board’s website at https://www.federalreserve.gov/supervisionreg/understanding-federal-reserve-supervision.htm. Return to text
5. See Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Office of Inspector General (2023), Material Loss Review of Silicon Valley Bank (PDF) (Washington: September 25). Immediately following SVB’s failure, Chair Powell and I agreed that I should oversee a review of the circumstances leading up to SVB’s failure. We published the results of this review on April 28, 2023; see Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Review of the Federal Reserve’s Supervision and Regulation of Silicon Valley Bank (PDF) (Washington: Board of Governors, April). Return to text
6. See National Commission on the Causes of the Financial and Economic Crisis in the United States (2011), The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report (PDF) (Washington: Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, January); and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (2017), Crisis and Response: An FDIC History, 2008–2013 (Washington: FDIC). Return to text
7. For instance, the bank failed its own internal liquidity stress tests and did not have workable plans to access liquidity in times of stress. The bank changed its own risk-management assumptions to reduce how these risks were measured rather than fully addressing the underlying risks. See Review of the Federal Reserve’s Supervision and Regulation of Silicon Valley Bank (note 5). Return to text
8. See Review of the Federal Reserve’s Supervision and Regulation of Silicon Valley Bank (note 5). Return to text
9. See Review of the Federal Reserve’s Supervision and Regulation of Silicon Valley Bank, p. 7 (note 5). Return to text
10. See Stephan Luck, Matthew Plosser, and Josh Younger (2023), “Bank Funding during the Current Monetary Policy Tightening Cycle,” Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Liberty Street Economics (blog), May 11. Return to text
11. See Berber Jin, Katherine Bindley, and Rolfe Winkler (2023), “After Silicon Valley Bank Fails, Tech Startups Race to Meet Payroll,” Wall Street Journal, March 11, https://www.wsj.com/articles/after-silicon-valley-bank-fails-tech-startups-race-to-meet-payroll-4ebd9c5c?mod=article_inline. Return to text
12. See Department of the Treasury, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (2023), “Joint Statement by Treasury, Federal Reserve, and FDIC,” joint press release, March 12. Return to text
13. See Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2023), “Federal Reserve Board Announces It Will Make Available Additional Funding to Eligible Depository Institutions to Help Assure Banks Have the Ability to Meet the Needs of All Their Depositors,” press release, March 12; and Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2025), “Bank Term Funding Program,” webpage. Return to text
14. See Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2025), Statistical Release H.4.1, “Factors Affecting Reserve Balances of Depository Institutions and Condition Statement of Federal Reserve Banks” (February 20). Return to text
15. See Michael S. Barr (2023), “The Importance of Effective Liquidity Risk Management,” speech delivered at the ECB Forum on Banking Supervision, Frankfurt, Germany, December 1. Return to text
16. See Michael S. Barr (2024), “On Building a Resilient Regulatory Framework,” speech delivered at Central Banking in the Post-Pandemic Financial System 28th Annual Financial Markets Conference, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Fernandina Beach, Florida, May 20. Return to text
17. See Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (2023), FDIC’s Supervision of First Republic Bank (PDF), (Washington: FDIC, September 8). Return to text
18. See National Commission on the Causes of the Financial and Economic Crisis, The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report (note 6). Return to text
19. I have discussed some thoughts on leadership attributes in previous speeches, including here: Michael S. Barr (2024), “Commencement Remarks,” delivered at the American University School of Public Affairs Graduation Ceremony, Washington, May 10. Return to text
20. See Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2023), Vice Chair Barr for Supervision’s “Review of the Federal Reserve’s Supervision and Regulation of Silicon Valley Bank – April 2023: Key Takeaways,” webpage. Return to text
21. See Government Accountability Office (2023), “Bank Regulation: Preliminary Review of Agency Actions Related to March 2023 Bank Failures” (Washington: GAO, May 11); and Board of Governors, Office of Inspector General, Material Loss Review (note 5). Return to text
22. See Barr, “On Building a Resilient Regulatory Framework” (note 16). Return to text

MIL OSI USA News –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI Europe: AFRICA/ZIMBABWE – “May the abolition of the death penalty be a first step towards promoting the culture of life in prisons”

Source: Agenzia Fides – MIL OSI

Harare (Agenzia Fides) – With the abolition of the death penalty, Zimbabwe has taken a fundamental step towards aligning its laws with the fundamental Christian principle of “love your neighbour as yourself” (Mark 12:31), said the Episcopal Commission for Justice and Peace in Zimbabwe in a comment on the abolition of the death penalty ratified at the end of 2024.On December 31, President Emmerson Mnangagwa signed the law abolishing the death penalty, which the Senate passed on December 12. The last execution in Zimbabwe took place in 2005, while according to Amnesty International, at the end of 2023 there were still about 60 people on death row in Zimbabwean prisons. The sentence for these people will now be commuted to life imprisonment.”The abolition of the death penalty in Zimbabwe is the result of cooperation and partnership between the Church, the government and civil society,” the Justice and Peace Commission underlines in the statement sent to Fides.”We recognize that the abolition of the death penalty is not an end in itself, but a means to an end: the promotion of a culture of life, dignity and respect for all people,” the statement says. According to the Bishops’ Conference, this also means that living conditions in prisons must be improved.The Bishops’ Commission recommends that “there should be cooperation in rehabilitation programs.” “We propose as a Church,” the statement says, “that the government work with cooperatives, educational institutions, hospitals, civil society organizations and the Church to set up rehabilitation programs for prisoners, former death row inmates and those released so that they can reintegrate into society.” The families of the victims must also be supported together: “We recommend that the Church and the government work together to offer support and counseling services to the families of the victims. This is in line with the conviction that we must hate sin, but not the sinner”. In this sense, it is also proposed that the Church and the government work together “to promote practices of restorative justice that focus on healing and reparation rather than punishment and retribution”.Finally, extrajudicial killings must be prevented, which “remain a cause of great concern in Zimbabwe”. (L.M.) (Agenzia Fides, 25/2/2025)
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February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI Europe: AFRICA/SUDAN – Missionaries appeal for ceasefire, humanitarian aid and arms embargo in the ongoing war

Source: Agenzia Fides – MIL OSI

Tuesday, 25 February 2025

WFP

Khartoum (Agenzia Fides) – Twelve million displaced people and tens of thousands of victims have been reported since the conflict broke out in April 2022 between the army on the one hand and the paramilitaries on the other.That is why the Comboni missionaries, together with other secular and religious humanitarian organizations, are now calling for a ceasefire, humanitarian aid and an arms embargo in the ongoing war. Pope Francis himself in the Angelus prayer on Sunday 16 February, underlining the “very serious humanitarian situation” had renewed the request “to the belligerent parties to stop this war, which does so much harm to the people and to the future of the country”, inviting “ways of peace to be found soon to build the future of dear Sudan”.The situation has gotten out of control and is causing the suffering of millions of people in the form of food shortages, disease and sexual violence, which is why missionaries and secular and religious aid organizations are constantly intervening. Famine has been reported in several regions, including the camps for internally displaced people in North Darfur and in the western Nuba Mountains in South Kordofan. It is estimated that more than 8 million people have been forced to flee their homes in Sudan, while around 3.5 million have fled to neighboring countries since April 2023.Caritas Internationalis, Catholic International Development Charity (CAFOD), ACT Alliance and Norwegian Church Aid have called for an urgent increase in international aid to Sudan, echoing the appeal of the UN Office for Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). “The UN appeal comes at a particularly critical time. To date, more than 40 percent of global funding for life-saving programs in Sudan has come from the United States. Given the suspension caused by the US government’s decision to temporarily halt USAID operations, other governments must urgently step in,” said the CAFOD humanitarian officer.The news that the Sudanese paramilitary group Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has signed an agreement in recent days with other rebel militias and allied political parties to form a parallel government in the areas of the country under its control further exacerbates the precarious situation. The agreement was signed last Sunday in Nairobi, Kenya, where the leaders of the groups in question had already met last week (see Fides, 19/2/2025). The RSF and its allies have promised to form a government marked by “peace and unity”: both during the war and in the past, however, they have been accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity. (AP) (Agenzia Fides, 25/2/2025)
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February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI Video: David Beckham Celebrates 20 Years As UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador #Davos2025 #WorldEconomicForum

Source: World Economic Forum (video statements)

The 55th Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum will provide a crucial space to focus on the fundamental principles driving trust, including transparency, consistency and accountability.

This Annual Meeting will welcome over 100 governments, all major international organizations, 1000 Forum’s Partners, as well as civil society leaders, experts, youth representatives, social entrepreneurs, and news outlets.

The World Economic Forum is the International Organization for Public-Private Cooperation. The Forum engages the foremost political, business, cultural and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas. We believe that progress happens by bringing together people from all walks of life who have the drive and the influence to make positive change.

World Economic Forum Website ► http://www.weforum.org/
Facebook ► https://www.facebook.com/worldeconomicforum/
YouTube ► https://www.youtube.com/wef
Instagram ► https://www.instagram.com/worldeconomicforum/
X ► https://twitter.com/wef
LinkedIn ► https://www.linkedin.com/company/world-economic-forum
TikTok ► https://www.tiktok.com/@worldeconomicforum
Flipboard ► https://flipboard.com/@WEF

#Davos2025 #WorldEconomicForum #wef25

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEsoBO9efRI

MIL OSI Video –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI: Bitcoin Depot Adds Another 11 BTC to its Treasury

Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

ATLANTA, Feb. 25, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Bitcoin Depot (NASDAQ: BTM) (“Bitcoin Depot” or the “Company”), a U.S.-based Bitcoin ATM operator and leading fintech company, today announced it has purchased an additional 11.1 Bitcoin as part of its treasury strategy, first announced in June of last year.

This purchase comes three weeks after the Company’s purchase of 51 Bitcoin earlier this month, bringing its total treasury holdings to 82.6 BTC.

“Adopting Bitcoin as part of our treasury strategy underscores our long-standing belief in Bitcoin as a significant financial asset and a store of value,” said Brandon Mintz, CEO of Bitcoin Depot. “We have always believed in providing easy access to Bitcoin for everyone, and this move reaffirms our confidence in Bitcoin’s potential for growth.”

About Bitcoin Depot
Bitcoin Depot Inc. (Nasdaq: BTM) was founded in 2016 with the mission to connect those who prefer to use cash to the broader, digital financial system. Bitcoin Depot provides its users with simple, efficient and intuitive means of converting cash into Bitcoin, which users can deploy in the payments, spending and investing space. Users can convert cash to bitcoin at Bitcoin Depot kiosks in 48 states and at thousands of name-brand retail locations in 29 states through its BDCheckout product. The Company has the largest market share in North America with over 8,400 kiosk locations as of February 25, 2025. Learn more at www.bitcoindepot.com.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This press release and any oral statements made in connection herewith include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are any statements other than statements of historical fact, and include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the expectations of plans, business strategies, objectives and growth and anticipated financial and operational performance, including our growth strategy and ability to increase deployment of our products and services, our ability to strengthen our financial profile, and worldwide growth in the adoption and use of cryptocurrencies. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current beliefs, based on currently available information, as to the outcome and timing of future events. Forward-looking statements are often identified by words such as “anticipate,” “appears,” “approximately,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “designed,” “effect,” “estimate,” “evaluate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “goal,” “initiative,” “intend,” “may,” “objective,” “outlook,“ ”plan,“ ”potential,“ ”priorities,“ ”project,“ ”pursue,“ ”seek,“ ”should,“ ”target,“ ”when,“ ”will,“ ”would,” or the negative of any of those words or similar expressions that predict or indicate future events or trends or that are not statements of historical matters, although not all forward-looking statements contain such identifying words. In making these statements, we rely upon assumptions and analysis based on our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, and expected future developments, as well as other factors we consider appropriate under the circumstances. We believe these judgments are reasonable, but these statements are not guarantees of any future events or financial results. These forward-looking statements are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to serve as, and must not be relied on by any investor as, a guarantee, an assurance, a prediction or a definitive statement of fact or probability. Actual events and circumstances are difficult or impossible to predict and will differ from assumptions. Many actual events and circumstances are beyond our control.

These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including changes in domestic and foreign business, market, financial, political and legal conditions; failure to realize the anticipated benefits of the business combination; risks relating to the uncertainty of our projected financial information; future global, regional or local economic and market conditions; the development, effects and enforcement of laws and regulations; our ability to manage future growth; our ability to develop new products and services, bring them to market in a timely manner and make enhancements to our platform; the effects of competition on our future business; our ability to issue equity or equity-linked securities; the outcome of any potential litigation, government and regulatory proceedings, investigations and inquiries; and those factors described or referenced in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. If any of these risks materialize or our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results could differ materially from the results implied by these forward-looking statements. There may be additional risks that we do not presently know or that we currently believe are immaterial that could also cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements. In addition, forward-looking statements reflect our expectations, plans or forecasts of future events and views as of the date of this press release. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments will cause our assessments to change.

We caution readers not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or other factors that affect the subject of these statements, except where we are expressly required to do so by law. All written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.

Contacts:

Investors 
Cody Slach
Gateway Group, Inc. 
949-574-3860 
BTM@gateway-grp.com

Media 
Brenlyn Motlagh, Ryan Deloney 
Gateway Group, Inc.
949-574-3860 
BTM@gateway-grp.com

The MIL Network –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI: The World’s Most Attractive Investment Migration Programs in 2025

Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

LONDON, Feb. 25, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Malta retains 1^st place in the 2025 Global Citizenship Program Index for the 10^th consecutive year, while Greece reaches the top of the 2025 Global Residence Program Index for the first time, highlighting the dominance of European residence and citizenship by investment programs on Henley & Partners’ annual rankings of the most important investment migration programs in the world.

The firm onboarded clients from 94 different nationalities in 2024 and received enquiries from over 180 countries. US nationals accounted for 23% of all applications processed by Henley & Partners last year, totaling nearly as many as the next four client nationality groups — Indians, Turkish, Filipinos, and Brits — combined. Comparing 2024 US-American client numbers to five years ago (2019), there has been a staggering increase of over 1,000%. Last year was also record-breaking for the UK, with a 57% increase in the number of applications submitted by British citizens in 2024 versus 2023.

The two indexes — featured in the 2025 edition of the annual Investment Migration Programs report — offer a systematic analysis and comprehensive benchmarking of the world’s most attractive residence and citizenship by investment offerings, providing the gold standard in the sector. Interactive digital comparisons of the programs are also available, enabling global investors and wealthy families to select what matters most to them when weighing up their options.

Dr. Christian H. Kaelin, Chairman of Henley & Partners, says, “the publication is important for governments and policy makers looking to attract and retain wealth to achieve greater fiscal autonomy and economic growth. In this era of heightened global volatility, nation states are using residence and citizenship by investment programs as an innovative financing tool to fund development initiatives that mitigate sustainability and climate-related risks, and that directly benefit their citizens. For investors, alternative residence and citizenship is a unique investment that enables them to be as globally diversified as their wealth portfolios.”

Citizenship programs: Malta remains the gold standard

The Global Citizenship Program Index ranks 14 programs, with the strategically located European nation of Malta scoring 76 out of 100 and taking top honors for the 10^th consecutive year. Retaining 2^nd place with a score of 75 is Austria’s premium citizenship by investment offering, which requires applicants to make a substantial contribution to the country’s economy. The next two ranks are occupied by Caribbean island nations: Grenada 3^rd with a score of 69, and Antigua and Barbuda 4^th with 67.

Three other Small Island Developing States (SIDS) share the 5^th spot, each scoring 66: newcomer to the index, Nauru, along with St. Kitts and Nevis and St. Lucia. Nauru’s citizenship program offers significant advantages in global mobility, granting an alternative and safe passport to travel on, with visa-free access to some of the world’s key wealth hubs. Successful applicants will also be contributing to climate crisis solutions in the South Pacific, where SIDS face rising sea levels and biodiversity loss, with the funds channeled into development projects, including climate resilience initiatives, infrastructure improvements, renewable energy projects, and sustainable economic diversification.

Residence programs: Greece takes the crown

In the 2025 Global Residence Program Index, which ranks 26 programs, Greece’s popular golden visa program secures top spot with a score of 73 out of 100, toppling Portugal, which has held or shared first place for the past nine years. Portugal now ranks joint 3^rd with Italy and the UK, all scoring 70, while Switzerland, which has an option developed by Henley & Partners that combines private residence with Swiss forfait tax provisions, ranks 2^nd with a score of 72.

Australia, which recently launched its National Innovation Visa (NIV) Program to attract high-level tech skills, Canada, which introduced changes to its Start-Up Visa Program to enhance its appeal and flexibility for entrepreneurs, and Spain (due to close in early 2025) are all joint 4^th, each scoring 69, and the UAE, which strategically expanded its golden visa program last year to attract top talent and drive growth and innovation, rounds up the Top 5 with a score of 68.

One of two new entrants to the index in 2025 is Hungary which ranks 6^th with a score of 67. Small but powerful wealth hubs — Luxembourg and Singapore — occupy the 7^th and 8^th spots, scoring 66 and 65, respectively, while two others share the 9^th spot: Jersey and Panama, both scoring 64. Costa Rica, the second newcomer to the index, rounds up the Top 10 with a score of 63 out of 100 and offers investors and their families a business-friendly landscape, a favorable tax regime, and a safe environment in Central America.

Read Full Press Release

Media Contact: Sarah Nicklin

sarah.nicklin@henleyglobal.com

Mobile +27 72 464 8965

The MIL Network –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI: Ponemon Cybersecurity Report: Insider Risk Management Enabling Early Breach Detection and Mitigation
Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

SAN JOSE, Calif., Feb. 25, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — DTEX Systems, the trusted leader of insider risk management, today announced the findings of the 2025 Cost of Insider Risks Global Report, independently conducted by the Ponemon Institute. For the first time since the inception of the report, the average time to contain an insider incident has declined (81 days, down from 86 in 2023).

The decrease comes amid growing adoption of insider risk management solutions. The findings show that organizations are spending 16.5% of their annual IT security budget on insider risk management – up from 8.2% in 2023. Eighty-one percent of organizations now have or are planning to have an insider risk management program. Notably, of those with an insider risk management program, 65% say their program was the only security strategy that enabled them to pre-empt a data breach by detecting insider risk early. Meanwhile, 63% of respondents cited faster breach response as a top outcome of early insider risk detection.

“With escalating foreign interference, global remote workforces, and a rapidly shifting political landscape, the need for proactive insider risk management has never been greater. Insider-driven security incidents result in significant financial and reputational costs. However, organizations investing in dedicated insider risk management programs are achieving faster containment or preventing incidents entirely—a decisive win in the fight against data loss,” DTEX Systems CEO Marshall Heilman said.

“The findings underscore the importance of insider risk management as an essential component of security and highlight key opportunities for governments, critical infrastructure, and commercial organizations to protect sensitive data and maintain operational integrity in an increasingly volatile threat landscape.”

Now in its sixth edition, the 2025 Cost of Insider Risks Global Report is a comprehensive study designed to understand the financial consequences of insider risks caused by negligent or mistaken employees, outsmarted employees (including insider incidents related to credential theft), or malicious insiders. This year’s report examines how organizations are funding their insider risk management programs and introduces new data evaluating the effectiveness.

“Our research findings highlight the growing need to drive awareness of the increasing costs of insider risks, often occurring due to employee negligence while handling sensitive data,” Ponemon Institute Chairman and Founder Larry Ponemon said.

“This study helps materialize risk by shining light on the increasing cost behind an incident to help organizations reduce containment time and ultimately, reduce cost.”

Key findings of the 2025 Cost of Insider Risks Global Report include:
- Post-incident activity costs have climbed significantly, contributing to a higher average annualized cost of insider risk: $17.4M — up from $16.2M in 2023. The average costs of containment ($211,021) and incident response ($154,819) are the most expensive activity cost centers (up from $179,209 and $113,635 in 2023 respectively). Escalation is the least costly activity center at $32,242.
- For the first time since the inception of the report, the time to contain an insider incident has declined. The average time to contain an insider incident has reduced to 81 days, down from 86 days in 2023.
- Insider risk management is affording companies a proactive approach to security through early insider risk detection. 65% said their insider risk management program was the only security strategy that effectively enabled them to pre-empt a data breach by detecting insider risk early.
- Companies with an insider risk management program are saving time, money, and reputational damage associated with a breach. When asked the top three outcomes of having an insider risk management program, 63% said saved time in responding to a breach, 61% said protected brand reputation, and 59% said saved money lost in a breach.
- Organizations are increasingly adopting insider risk management. The amount of IT security budget allocated to insider risk management has more than doubled, rising from 8.2% in 2023 to 16.5%. Additionally, 81% of companies now have or plan to have an insider risk management program, up from 77% in 2023.
- Companies expect insider risk management budgets to increase. 45% say the current level of funding is inadequate. 46% expect a mild to significant increase in funding in 2025.
- About half of organizations (49%) agree that technology consolidation is essential or very important. The top three driving factors, ranked by importance, are cost savings (85%), reduced complexity (64%), and faster detection times (61%), followed by scalability (48%), and actionable data (42%).
- More than half (51%) of organizations say AI and machine learning are essential or very important in the detection and prevention of insider risks. The top three driving factors, ranked by importance, are reduced investigation times (70%), improved behavioral insights (59%), and lowered skillset for insider risk analysts (58%).
- Health and pharma have the highest average activity costs. The average activity cost for health and pharma is $29.2M, followed by technology and software ($23M).
- The most prevalent insider security incident continues to be caused by negligent or careless employees. 55% of incidents are due to employee negligence or mistakes, while 25% of incidents are caused by malicious insiders, and 20% by outsmarted insiders.
Sponsored by DTEX Systems, the 2025 Cost of Insider Risks Global Report is based on responses from 8,306 IT and IT security practitioners in 349 organizations across North America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and Asia-Pacific region.

Read the complete 2025 Cost of Insider Risks Global Report here.

Join Dr. Larry Ponemon, DTEX CTO Rajan Koo and national security veteran Christopher Burgess on March 12 for a webcast on the key findings and turning insights into action.

About DTEX Systems
As the trusted leader of insider risk management, DTEX transforms enterprise security by displacing reactive tools with a proactive solution that stops insider risks from becoming data breaches. DTEX InTERCEPT™ consolidates data loss prevention, user activity monitoring, and user behavior analytics in one lightweight platform to enable organizations to achieve a trusted and protected workforce. Backed by behavioral science, powered by AI, and used by governments and organizations around the world, DTEX is the trusted authority for protecting data and people at scale with privacy by design.

To learn more about DTEX, visit dtexsystems.com
Connect with DTEX: LinkedIn | Twitter | YouTube

Media Contact
Mariah Gauthier
dtex@highwirepr.com

The MIL Network –
February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI Video: Delivering a report on European Competitiveness #Davos2025 #WorldEconomicForum #UrsulaVonDerLeyen

Source: World Economic Forum (video statements)

The 55th Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum will provide a crucial space to focus on the fundamental principles driving trust, including transparency, consistency and accountability.

This Annual Meeting will welcome over 100 governments, all major international organizations, 1000 Forum’s Partners, as well as civil society leaders, experts, youth representatives, social entrepreneurs, and news outlets.

The World Economic Forum is the International Organization for Public-Private Cooperation. The Forum engages the foremost political, business, cultural and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas. We believe that progress happens by bringing together people from all walks of life who have the drive and the influence to make positive change.

World Economic Forum Website ► http://www.weforum.org/
Facebook ► https://www.facebook.com/worldeconomicforum/
YouTube ► https://www.youtube.com/wef
Instagram ► https://www.instagram.com/worldeconomicforum/
X ► https://twitter.com/wef
LinkedIn ► https://www.linkedin.com/company/world-economic-forum
TikTok ► https://www.tiktok.com/@worldeconomicforum
Flipboard ► https://flipboard.com/@WEF

#Davos2025 #WorldEconomicForum #wef25

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQzuE5GWsys

MIL OSI Video –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI Russia: Another 150 raised platforms will be installed at tram stops

Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –

Plans have been approved for the implementation of a city program for equipping tram stops with elevated boarding platforms in 2025–2026. In total, it is planned to create 150 such structures on 29 streets in the capital. The corresponding resolution was signed Sergei Sobyanin.

The installation of elevated platforms and new pavilions at the stops is part of a comprehensive improvement of the streets. The work will include renewing the pavement of the sidewalks and roadway, installing new lighting poles, and landscaping.

Raised platforms, located at the same level as the tram entrance, make boarding and disembarking passengers more comfortable and faster. Thanks to special ramps, they are convenient for people with limited mobility. Currently, the city has more than 430 such platforms. Among them, 11 are of the Vienna type, located directly on the raised roadway. They are convenient and safe for passengers even in confined spaces.

The length of tram lines in Moscow is about 420 kilometers. Of these, 82 percent are separated from highways and are located on a separate track. The Moscow tram network covers 86 districts – more than 5.5 million people live near stops.

There are 35 routes in the city, with passengers making approximately 730 thousand trips daily. Among the most popular are No. 17 Medvedkovo — Ostankino (about 54 thousand trips per working day), No. 6 Bratsevo — Sokol Metro (over 40 thousand), No. 36 Metrogorodok — Novogireevo (over 35 thousand), No. 11 Ostankino — 16th Parkovaya Street (over 35 thousand), No. 47 Nagatino — Oktyabrskaya Metro (over 32 thousand).

The Moscow Metro State Unitary Enterprise fleet comprises approximately 550 tram cars, including more than 500 modern low-floor trams of Russian manufacture, purchased in recent years. The fleet has been updated by 97 percent.

27 raised platforms appeared at tram stops in the capital in 2024 Sobyanin approved plans to upgrade the rolling stock of city transport

Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Please Note; This Information is Raw Content Directly from the Information Source. It is access to What the Source Is Stating and Does Not Reflect

https: //vv.mos.ru/mayor/tkhemes/12421050/

MIL OSI Russia News –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI Russia: A modern embankment will be created near the Tushino airfield

Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –

The planning project for a section of the Moskva River bed with an area of 6.88 hectares adjacent to the territory of the former Tushino airfield has been approved. The corresponding resolution was signed Sergei Sobyanin.

The project includes the coastal protection of a pedestrian embankment with a length of two kilometers and 160 meters. Specialists will also restore the soil layer and carry out landscaping work.

The creation of the embankment is part of a large-scale project for the comprehensive development of the territory of the former Tushino airfield, where a modern urban district is currently being built.

On a territory of over 245 hectares, it is planned to build more than three million square meters of real estate, including residential buildings, 16 educational facilities, a clinic and a sports rehabilitation center, an Orthodox church, a hotel and an apart-hotel, public and business facilities, a football stadium and other sports facilities. More than 70 thousand jobs will be created.

The project will create urban spaces – parks and the embankment of the Moscow River.

To ensure transport accessibility of the new district, a new metro station “Spartak” of the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line was opened in 2014, and in 2021 the reconstruction of Volokolamskoe Highway was completed.

In 2014, the first major facility was put into operation on the territory of the former airfield — the Spartak football stadium with 45 thousand seats. In 2017, a training base appeared next to it, including six open football pitches and a parking lot. In 2018, the arena hosted matches of the FIFA World Cup.

In 2021, the multifunctional sports complex Chkalov Arena was built.

In addition, the construction of the residential complex (RC) “City on the River Tushino-2018” has been completed, as well as the first stages of the ALIA RC and the Holland Park RC. In addition, an Orthodox church, a spiritual and cultural center, five kindergartens and two schools have been built.

In 2023, the developer completed the first stage of development of the largest green area of the future district — the Primavera eco-park, located on the embankment of the Moscow River. The project includes the creation of an open amphitheater, installation of viewing swings, organization of viewing platforms, descents to the water and a picturesque walking route along the edge of the bank.

Work is currently ongoing on the construction of residential buildings, schools and kindergartens, as well as on the improvement of the embankment of the Moscow River.

Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

Please Note; This Information is Raw Content Directly from the Information Source. It is access to What the Source Is Stating and Does Not Reflect

https: //vv.mos.ru/mayor/tkhemes/12422050/

MIL OSI Russia News –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI USA: VA processes one million disability claims faster than ever before

Source: US Department of Veterans Affairs

Skip to content

An official website of the United States government

Department claims-processing productivity is at record levels

WASHINGTON — The Department of Veterans Affairs announced today it has processed more than a million disability claims in Fiscal Year 2025, reaching the milestone nearly two weeks faster than it did in FY24.

Despite receiving 15.6% more claims than last year, the department completed its one millionth FY25 claim Feb. 20 — faster than at any point in the department’s history.

In fact, the 10 highest claims processing days in VA’s history occurred within the last month, and the department’s highest claims processing day ever was Feb. 12, when VA processed more than 12,000 claims.

Of the more than one million claims VA has processed in FY25, over 60% were granted.

Through January, VA has provided $62 billion in compensation and pension benefit payments to 6.9 million Veterans and survivors. VA’s claims accuracy rate has risen to more than 92%. To date, VA has completed 375,961 PACT claims in FY25.

“Under the leadership of President Trump, we are strengthening the department so it works better for Veterans, families, caregivers and survivors,” said VA Secretary Doug Collins. “VA’s claims processing productivity is the highest it has ever been, and we look forward to continuing to provide record levels of service to Veterans and VA beneficiaries.”

Reporters and media outlets with questions or comments should contact the Office of Media Relations at vapublicaffairs@va.gov

Veterans with questions about their health care and benefits (including GI Bill). Questions, updates and documents can be submitted online.

Contact us online through Ask VA

Veterans can also use our chatbot to get information about VA benefits and services. The chatbot won’t connect you with a person, but it can show you where to go on VA.gov to find answers to some common questions.

Learn about our chatbot and ask a question

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MIL OSI USA News –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI USA: Risch Introduces Bill to End Taxpayer Funded Handouts to Illegal Immigrants

US Senate News:

Source: United States Senator for Idaho James E Risch
WASHINGTON – U.S. Senator Jim Risch (R-Idaho) introduced today the No Bailout for Sanctuary Cities Actto block federal funding to sanctuary cities intended to benefit illegal immigrants.
Risch’s bill aligns with President Trump’s Executive Order “Ending Taxpayer Subsidization of Open Borders”which blocks federal agencies and programs from providing taxpayer-funded services to illegal immigrants.
“Sanctuary cities abuse taxpayer dollars and fuel the illegal immigration crisis,” said Risch. “My No Bailout for Sanctuary Cities Act stops these jurisdictions from using federal funding to directly give handouts to illegal immigrants.”
Risch is joined by U.S. Senators Mike Crapo (R-Idaho), Steve Daines (R-Mont.), Tim Sheehy (R-Mont.), Eric Schmitt (R-Mo.), Pete Ricketts (R-Neb.), Mike Lee (R-Utah), Jim Banks (R-Ind.), and Cindy Hyde-Smith (R-Miss.) in introducing the No Bailout for Sanctuary Cities Act. Representative Nick LaLota (R-N.Y.) introduced the bill in the House of Representatives.
“Not a single taxpayer dollar should be used to provide unwarranted hand-outs to non-citizen migrants or to cities giving them any unearned financial advantages,” said Crapo. “Federal resources should be used to secure the borders, not invite and encourage illegal immigration.
“Montanans are paying the price of Biden’s crisis at the southern border, but thankfully with President Trump in office, we’re working together to restore order,” said Daines. “I’m glad to join my colleagues in introducing a bill to prevent Montana taxpayer dollars from ever being used to fund sanctuary cities, which will deter illegal immigration and make our communities safer.”
“Nobody in their right mind would say it’s a good idea to force hardworking American taxpayers to subsidize sanctuary cities and incentivize the illegal invasion of our country,” said Sheehy. “It’s time we put an end to the backward policies that encourage illegal immigration, and I’m proud to stand with my colleagues in support of this America First bill to bring back common sense, restore fiscal sanity, and put the interests of our people first.”
“Sanctuary states and cities that refuse to enforce the law make Americans less safe,” said Ricketts. “This bill would bring needed accountability to those who facilitate illegal immigration and bring justice for the victims of sanctuary policies.”
“Lawless so-called sanctuary cities should no longer get a free pass to sabotage our national security and the safety of communities across America,” said Lee. “Under this legislation, if you ignore federal law and refuse to hand over dangerous criminals to ICE and other authorities, you don’t get federal funding. American taxpayers should no longer be compelled to support sanctuary cities and states which endanger their families.”
“Continuing to send federal tax dollars to cities that use those funds to aid and abet illegal immigration is asinine. If state and local leaders refuse to comply with federal law in the effort to defend our communities from criminal aliens, they must be held accountable,” said Banks. “This bill holds these incompetent leaders to account when they undermine the safety of the Americans they govern.”
“Folks in Mississippi and around the country are baffled by cities and states that aid and abet illegal immigration, and they’re right to question why their taxpayer dollars are being used to prop up these so-called sanctuary cities. Senator Risch’s bill would begin the process of ending the gravy train for those jurisdictions that flaunt our immigration and border laws,” Hyde-Smith said.
The No Bailout for Sanctuary Cities Act would:
Define “sanctuary jurisdiction” as any local or state government entity that withholds information regarding an individual’s citizenship status from federal, state, or other local authorities; and
Prevent sanctuary jurisdictions from receiving federal funds for the specific benefit of illegal immigrants.

MIL OSI USA News –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI USA: Senator Scott Accepting Applications for Summer 2025 Internships

US Senate News:

Source: United States Senator for South Carolina Tim Scott
WASHINGTON — U.S. Senator Tim Scott (R-S.C.) is now accepting applications for internships in his Washington, D.C., North Charleston, Columbia, and Greenville offices for the summer of 2025. The internship program offers undergraduate and graduate students the chance to work with public service professionals and gain practical experience in constituent services, federal policy, and more. Students of all majors, particularly those studying governmental affairs, public policy, or communications, are welcome to apply.
Washington, D.C. Office: In Washington, interns will research legislation, attend congressional hearings and briefings, assist with press tasks, and help manage correspondence on various issues. Responsibilities also include answering phones and other administrative tasks. Interns in this office will gain a stronger understanding of the lawmaking process, while also improving their communication and customer service skills.
South Carolina Offices (North Charleston, Columbia, and Greenville): In the state offices, interns will take an active role in the community, working on state-based projects while also answering phones, completing research, and being an integral part of day-to-day office operations. Interns in these offices are able to assist with issues that affect South Carolinians each day.
Internship hours are flexible to accommodate students’ course schedules but generally run from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., Monday through Friday. Students may also gain course credit for completing the internship program. Interested students can apply through Senator Scott’s website at https://www.scott.senate.gov/constituent-services/internships. For additional questions, contact the internship coordinator at internships@scott.senate.gov or (202) 224-6121.

MIL OSI USA News –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Recovered appeal: Great Sike Road, Old Malton, Malton, YO17 6SB (ref: 3342002 – 25 February 2025)

Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

Correspondence

Recovered appeal: Great Sike Road, Old Malton, Malton, YO17 6SB (ref: 3342002 – 25 February 2025)

Decision letter and Inspector’s Report for a recovered appeal.

Applies to England

Documents

Recovered appeal: Great Sike Road, Old Malton, Malton, YO17 6SB (ref: 3342002 – 25 February 2025)

PDF, 1.36 MB, 142 pages

Details

Decision letter and Inspector’s Report for a recovered appeal for the installation and operation of a solar farm and battery energy storage system with associated infrastructure including substation, access tracks, pole mounted CCTV, fencing and landscaping for a period of 40 years.

Updates to this page

Published 25 February 2025

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MIL OSI United Kingdom –

February 26, 2025

MIL-OSI Russia: IMF Executive Board Concludes 2024 Article IV Consultation with Solomon Islands

Source: IMF – News in Russian

February 25, 2025

Washington, DC: On February 19, 2025, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation^[1] with Solomon Islands.

Solomon Islands has weathered important shocks including civil unrest and the pandemic, successfully hosted the Pacific Games, and conducted peaceful general elections. These achievements have raised the country’s profile and strengthened national unity, but with costs—public debt has nearly tripled since before the pandemic, and the government’s cash reserves have been significantly depleted.

Modest growth is expected at 2.8 percent in 2025, slightly above the 2.4 percent growth estimated for 2024, while inflation, estimated to have returned to 3.4 percent at end-2024, is envisaged to reach 3.9 percent at end-2025. The fiscal deficit is expected to widen slightly from 3.1 percent of GDP in 2024 to 3.3 percent of GDP in 2025, underpinned by continued spending pressures and externally financed infrastructure projects. The current account deficit is estimated to have narrowed to 4.2 percent of GDP in 2024, but projected to widen to 7.7 percent of GDP in 2025 as economic activity gains momentum. Foreign exchange reserves remain adequate, covering 9 months of imports.

Risks to the outlook are tilted to the downside. They include under execution of the budget, extreme climate events, political instability, and commodity price volatility. Declining logging activity and the undiversified economic base, compounded by weak governance, constrain growth potential. Both the current account and fiscal deficits are expected to persist over the medium term.

Executive Board Assessment^[2]

Executive Directors agreed with the thrust of the staff appraisal. They concurred that while the Solomon Islands’ economy has weathered multiple shocks well and recently benefited from successfully hosting the Pacific Games and peaceful general elections, public debt is increasing, medium-term growth prospects appear moderate, and per capita income growth remains stagnant. Against this backdrop, Directors emphasized the importance of rebuilding cash buffers and ensuring fiscal sustainability, while boosting growth prospects through economic diversification and governance reforms.

Directors stressed the need to improve the effectiveness of fiscal policy by addressing weaknesses in fiscal data and public financial management, including by ending the practice of unfunded spending. They also called for tightening the 2025 Budget to start a gradual recovery of cash balances. Directors underscored the importance of creating fiscal space to accelerate investment in development priorities. To this end, they recommended advancing domestic revenue mobilization, such as introducing a value added tax. Enhancing the quality, transparency, and accountability of public expenditure, including by undertaking the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability assessment, would also be important. Directors saw merit in introducing a simple, ex-ante guideline for annual budget formulation as an interim step toward a fiscal rule.

Directors agreed that the current monetary policy stance and exchange rate regime are appropriate. They stressed the importance of preserving the central bank’s autonomy, including by limiting purchases of government bonds and implementing the remaining Safeguards Assessment recommendations. Directors also underscored the need to keep the exchange rate fully aligned with the value of the updated currency basket and to enhance transparency and communication with market participants. While the financial sector remains stable, Directors encouraged further reforms to strengthen regulatory and supervisory frameworks and boost financial intermediation and inclusion. They stressed the need to strengthen the AML/CFT framework, including due to the planned introduction of the Citizenship by Investment program.

Directors encouraged the acceleration of structural reforms to support economic diversification and private sector development, with capacity development support from the IMF and other development partners. They agreed that addressing governance weaknesses remains a priority, including by improving the capacity and independence of the anti-corruption institution.

Table 1. Solomon Islands: Selected Economic Indicators, 2019–2029

Per capita GDP (2023): US$2200
Population (2023): 768,690
Quota: SDR 20.8 million
	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029
					Est.	Proj.
GROWTH AND PRICES	(In percent change, unless otherwise indicated)
Real GDP	1.7	-3.4	2.6	2.4	2.7	2.5	2.8	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.0
CPI (period average)	2.2	2.9	0.2	5.4	5.1	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.4	3.3	3.3
CPI (end of period)	2.6	-2.6	4.6	8.7	4.3	3.4	3.9	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.3
GDP deflator	1.2	-1.3	-5.5	2.0	3.9	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.4
Nominal GDP (in SI$ millions)	13,234	12,617	12,228	12,775	13,911	14,685	15,492	16,370	17,311	18,235	19,217
Nominal GDP (in US$ millions)	1,619	1,536	1,523	1,566	1,661	1,753	1,850	1,954	2,067	2,177	2,294
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS	(In percent of GDP)
Total revenue and grants	34.1	37.9	35.9	38.3	36.3	32.7	32.5	32.6	32.7	32.8	32.8
Revenue	25.8	24.6	24.8	23.1	22.9	23.2	23.0	23.1	23.2	23.3	23.3
Grants	8.2	13.4	11.1	15.2	13.4	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.5
Total expenditure	35.6	40.4	37.8	40.8	40.1	35.8	35.7	35.8	35.8	35.8	35.9
Expense	29.0	31.9	28.3	31.4	29.8	27.9	27.2	27.3	27.4	27.4	27.5
Net acquisition of nonfinancial assets	6.6	8.5	9.5	9.3	10.3	7.9	8.5	8.5	8.4	8.4	8.4
Net lending (+) / Net borrowing (-)	-1.5	-2.4	-1.9	-2.5	-3.8	-3.1	-3.3	-3.2	-3.1	-3.1	-3.1
External	0.0	-1.4	-1.1	-0.1	-2.9	-2.3	-1.8	-1.9	-1.9	-1.8	-1.8
Domestic	-1.5	-1.0	-0.7	-2.4	-0.9	-0.8	-1.5	-1.3	-1.2	-1.2	-1.3
Central government debt 1/	7.8	12.8	15.9	15.5	20.3	22.3	24.4	26.2	27.9	29.5	31.0
Public domestic debt	1.7	2.8	6.1	5.9	8.6	8.9	9.8	10.6	11.1	11.7	12.4
Public external debt	6.1	10.0	9.8	9.6	11.7	13.4	14.5	15.6	16.7	17.7	18.6
MACROFINANCIAL	(In percent change)
Credit to private sector	6.2	0.3	-0.4	0.8	4.7	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
Broad money	-3.1	6.6	1.9	5.3	6.1	6.8	5.5	5.7	5.8	5.3	5.4
Reserve money	-7.1	23.0	10.6	4.0	9.9	6.0	5.5	5.7	5.8	5.3	5.4
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS	(In percent of GDP, unless otherwise indicated)
Current account balance	-9.5	-1.6	-5.1	-13.7	-10.4	-4.2	-7.7	-7.5	-7.4	-7.5	-7.4
Trade balance (goods and services)	-10.0	-8.5	-13.4	-22.3	-19.8	-11.6	-15.3	-15.3	-15.6	-16.1	-16.5
Exports	36.4	28.5	26.9	25.8	32.6	34.6	33.2	32.8	32.1	31.4	30.7
Imports	46.4	37.0	40.4	48.1	52.3	46.2	48.6	48.1	47.7	47.5	47.2
Gross Remittances	1.1	1.5	2.1	3.3	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.8	3.9	4.1	4.3
Capital and Financial Account	7.3	3.0	6.7	13.2	13.6	4.0	6.9	7.3	7.5	7.5	7.5
Foreign direct investment (+ = decrease)	-1.8	-0.4	-1.5	-2.6	-4.3	-0.9	-2.3	-2.6	-2.7	-2.8	-2.9
Overall balance (+ = increase)	-2.1	4.8	2.5	-2.0	3.3	-0.2	-0.8	-0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gross official reserves (in US$ millions, end of period) 2/	574.1	660.6	694.5	655.2	682.0	679.1	664.3	661.0	662.8	663.2	664.6
(in months of next year’s imports of GNFS)	12.1	12.9	11.1	9.0	10.1	9.1	8.5	8.0	7.7	7.4	7.0

EXCHANGE RATE (SI$/US$, end of period)	8.2	8.0	8.1	8.3	8.5	…	…	…	…	…	…
Real effective exchange rate (end of period, 2010 = 100)	127.5	129.9	124.8	132.3	136.0	…	…	…	…	…	…
Sources: Data provided by the authorities; and IMF staff estimates and projections.
1/ Includes disbursements under the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF).
2/ Includes SDR allocations made by the IMF to Solomon Islands in 2009 and in 2021.

[1] Under Article IV of the IMF’s Articles of Agreement, the IMF holds bilateral discussions with members, usually every year. A staff team visits the country, collects economic and financial information, and discusses with officials the country’s economic developments and policies. On return to headquarters, the staff prepares a report, which forms the basis for discussion by the Executive Board.

[2] At the conclusion of the discussion, the Managing Director, as Chairman of the Board, summarizes the views of Executive Directors, and this summary is transmitted to the country’s authorities. An explanation of any qualifiers used in summings up can be found here: http://www.IMF.org/external/np/sec/misc/qualifiers.htm.

IMF Communications Department

MEDIA RELATIONS

PRESS OFFICER: Pemba Sherpa

Phone: +1 202 623-7100Email: MEDIA@IMF.org

https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2025/02/25/pr25042-solomon-islands-imf-executive-board-concludes-2024-article-iv-consultation

MIL OSI

MIL OSI Russia News –

February 26, 2025

MIL-OSI USA: Kentucky State Council Hosts Successful Lobby Day at State Capitol

Source: US GOIAM Union

The Kentucky State Council recently held a productive lobby day at the State Capitol in Frankfort, Ky., where members of IAM District 1888, including Locals 1294 and 1720, gathered to advocate for policies that benefit working families across the state. During the event, IAM members met with Kentucky state representatives and senators to discuss and advance key legislative issues.Top priorities included advocating for bills addressing heat stroke prevention and promoting the use of American-made materials in publicly funded projects. IAM members also had the opportunity to meet with Kentucky Lt. Gov. Jacqueline Coleman to discuss ongoing advocacy efforts and critical issues facing workers today.

“By participating in these advocacy efforts, members gain a clearer understanding of the legislative process and the grassroots efforts that shape workers’ rights,” said IAM District 1888 Business Representative Ryan McCarthy. “It’s important to engage at every level, from national policies to local city councils, to foster real, lasting change.”

A notable achievement from the event was securing a co-sponsor for two crucial bills. One focuses on establishing stronger work standards for teenagers, while the other aims to strengthen child labor laws, ensuring safer and more equitable working conditions for Kentucky’s youth.

“The IAM is proud of our members who understand the importance of participating in the political process,” said IAM Southern Territory General Vice President Craig Martin. “The laws and policies created today will directly impact the future of our jobs, families, and communities.”

The lobby day was organized in collaboration with the Kentucky AFL-CIO to amplify the voices of working people and strengthen worker advocacy across the state.

See photos here.

Share and Follow:

MIL OSI USA News –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI: ITS Logistics February Supply Chain Report: Warehouse Lease Costs Stay High, Truckload Contract & Spot Rates See Dip After January Boost

Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

RENO, Nev., Feb. 25, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — ITS Logistics released the February ITS Supply Chain Report. This month, the report confirms truckload rates fell while warehouse lease prices remained high. In addition, 2025 has started strong for the stock and bond markets, with above-average growth making a promising case for strong economic performance throughout the year.

“Contract and spot rates across reefer and dry vans held strong in January before dipping slightly in February,” said Josh Allen, Chief Commercial Officer for ITS Logistics. “Available capacity in the spot market continues to ease following mid-February’s rate decrease, though moving averages remained above those of 2024. Macro volumes decreased by roughly 5% but are anticipated to increase for reefers as we kick off produce season.”

According to Truckstop and FTR, dry van spot rates were at their lowest level since late September 2024. Refrigerated spot rates fell to their lowest level since April 2024, and flatbed spot rates continued their general firming in 2025. Furthermore, flatbed spot rates were at their highest level since late October 2024.

Van rates saw marginal decreases in both spot and contract rates heading into February. Reefer rates also saw dips in contract rates, with spot rates decreasing slightly more than those for dry vans. Available capacity continues to ease following last week’s $0.03/mile decrease to a national seven-day rolling average of $1.66/mile, $0.02/mile higher than last year. Volumes were down 5% last week, and DAT’s Top 50 lanes confirmed carriers received an average of $1.94/mile when ranked by the volume of loads moved.

“The freight industry isn’t the only sector of logistics experiencing fluctuating prices,” said Ryan Martin, President of Distribution and Fulfillment for ITS Logistics. “Despite a cooling demand over the past two years, warehouse lease prices have remained high due to reduced new construction. This has led to a 4.5% rise in national average asking rents in the fourth quarter of 2024. Warehousing costs are estimated to account for 13% of the total supply chain expenses, while last-mile delivery holds the largest share at 41% of the total supply chain costs.”

A recent GlobeSt.com report confirmed that mega big box deals have dominated the market, resulting in the number of leases for one million square feet being representative of nearly half of the top 100 leases in 2024. This growth was driven by record-breaking online sales. The report concluded that the demand for mega distribution centers should stabilize in 2025, as occupiers take stock of their inventory needs.

Overall, by January 2025, the U.S. economy continued to expand, with projections indicating growth just above 2% for the year. However, inflation remains a concern, prompting the Federal Reserve to reconsider potential interest rate cuts. Globally, growth is projected at 3.3% for both 2025 and 2026, slightly below the historical average.

“The big wildcard moment for 2025 will be the recovery of business confidence,” said Stan Kolev, Chief Financial Officer of ITS Logistics. “Uncertainty about how the newly elected U.S. administration will proceed on tax, regulation, and trade policy may keep companies sidelined in 2025. In addition, renewed inflationary pressures could interrupt the monetary policy pivot, with high debt levels having the ability to create vulnerabilities that may manifest themselves suddenly. Furthermore, the ongoing geopolitical issues, including trade disputes and regional conflicts, pose risks to global stability.”

The Brookings Institution confirmed that expected tariffs would cause employment to decline by 0.11% from the 25% tariffs on imports and rise to a 0.25% loss of jobs with retaliation. This will equate to over 177,000 job losses from the 25% tariff, rising to over 400,000 job losses in the event Canada and Mexico retaliate.

ITS Logistics offers a full suite of network transportation solutions across North America and distribution and fulfillment services to 95% of the U.S. population within two days. These services include drayage and intermodal in 22 coastal ports and 30 rail ramps, a full suite of asset and asset-lite transportation solutions, omnichannel distribution and fulfillment, LTL, and outbound small parcel.

The monthly ITS Supply Chain Report serves to inform ITS employees, partners, and customers of marketplace changes and updates. The information in the report combines data provided through DAT and various industry sources with insights from the ITS team. Visit here for a comprehensive copy of the report with expected industry insights and market updates.

About ITS Logistics
ITS Logistics is one of North America’s fastest-growing, asset-based modern 3PLs, providing solutions for the industry’s most complicated supply chain challenges. With a people-first culture committed to excellence, the company relentlessly strives to deliver unmatched value through best-in-class service, expertise, and innovation. The ITS Logistics portfolio features North America’s #19 asset-lite freight brokerage, the #12 drayage and intermodal solution, a top 50 dedicated fleet, an innovative cloud-based technology ecosystem, and a nationwide distribution and fulfillment network.

Media Contact
Amber Good
LeadCoverage
amber@leadcoverage.com

A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/1e87d831-e0e4-499f-bbb8-735fa81c1386

The MIL Network –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI Global: Land reform in South Africa doesn’t need a new law: the state should release property it owns – economists
Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Johann Kirsten, Director of the Bureau for Economic Research, Stellenbosch University

South Africa’s new Expropriation Act, which was signed into law by President Cyril Ramaphosa in January 2025, has been at the centre of a political storm set off by the new US administration under President Donald Trump.

The Expropriation Act is not entirely new. It mainly updates the existing legislation from 1975 to align it with the constitution of democratic South Africa. But some have misinterpreted it as making room for land grabs by the state. That’s not what it does in reality. Property rights remain intact in South Africa.

Hot on the heels of this furore has been a notice from the minister of land reform and rural development, Mzwanele Nyhontso, that the government is embarking on a new bit of legislation, the “Equitable Access to Land Bill”.

There have been discussions over the last 10 years about developing a land reform framework bill or land redistribution bill. The main idea is to foster conditions that enable citizens to get access to land equitably. Land ownership was heavily skewed towards white people under apartheid.

The parliamentary committee heard from the minister on 20 February 2025 that there were gaps between the white paper on South African land policy and existing legislation. The bill seeks to close the gaps. It would provide for, among other things, principles for access to land, access to land by the state and citizens, the identification and selection of beneficiaries, applications and records for land allocations, a register of agricultural land, notification of present land ownership, land ownership ceilings, a land tribunal and regulations.

Based on our years of work on land reform and agricultural policy it’s unclear to us why such a bill is necessary. We believe there are two reasons a new law would be superfluous. Firstly, South Africa already has roughly 16 laws that address the issue of land. Secondly, policymakers tend to ignore the facts on land reform progress.

It is hard not to view the obsession with new legislation by every new minister as a distraction from the core issues. The minister should be focusing on distributing the land the government has acquired to black farmers and give them title deeds. This will be sufficient effort to build an inclusive agricultural sector, while continuing with existing programmes of land acquisition from the open market.

There are also other areas that should be reformed that would make a difference. These include making more finance available to aspirant black farmers and fixing the deeds office to reduce land registration times.

What’s in place

There should be no need for new legislation if one considers all the different pieces of legislation and government programmes that are already aimed at a more equitable distribution of land. There are at least 16 laws related to farm land and the restitution and redistribution process. These include:
- Preservation and Development of Agricultural Land Act, signed into
  law in January 2025
- State Land Disposal Act, 1961 (Act No. 48 of 1961)
- Deeds Registries Act, 1937 (Act No. 47 of 1937)
- Land Reform: Provision of Land and Assistance Act, 1993 (Act No. 126 of
  1993)
- Restitution of Land Rights Act, 1994 (Act No. 22 of 1994)
- Communal Property Associations Act, 1996 (Act No. 28 of 1996)
- Land Reform (Labour Tenants) Act, 1996 (Act No. 3 of 1996)
- Protection of Informal Land Rights Act, 1996 (Act No. 31 of 1996)
- Extension of Security of Tenure Act, 1997 (Act No. 62 of 1997).
In addition, South African policymakers tend to ignore the facts on land reform progress.

As we have argued before, the mix of government programmes to restore land rights and redistribute land has already addressed 25% of the total area of farm land defined and registered by formal title deeds. This means that 19.5 million hectares of the 77.5 million hectares of South Africa’s farm land have been affected by the government land reform programmes.

There is an important nuance here: 2.5 million hectares have been acquired by the state and are now owned by the State Land Holding Account.

Calls for the state to redistribute this land to black farmers have been falling on deaf ears, and black farmers continue to despair.

The government has been slow to distribute the land it has acquired. This shows that the problem of South Africa’s land reform is not only about acquisition but also the distribution of land with title deeds to beneficiaries.

Included in the total of 19.5 million hectares are private purchases of farm land by black South Africans. We estimate a total of 2.4 million hectares have been acquired in this way up to the end of 2024.

These individuals used their own funds or borrowed funds to acquire the land without using any of the state programmes.

Some answers

We have always argued that the private transactions where no bureaucrats are involved happen much quicker than any government programmes. The table below shows the relevant statistics for the last four years and confirms the argument.

The table shows that over the last four years private land transactions (that is without any involvement of bureaucrats) have contributed 32% to the total area of farmland transferred or restituted. The land claims process, in terms of the Restitution of Land Rights Act, has made the biggest contribution of 60% (with 36% of land restituted via financial compensation and 24% of land transferred to claimants). Other government land reform programmes made a very small contribution.

Do we have more equitable access to farm land (or rural land) after 30 years of democracy? To answer this question, we need to take into account the occupation of farm land under traditional tenure arrangements and occupation on land owned by the state, including the South African Development Trust land as well as the land recently acquired by the state under the Proactive Land Acquisition Strategy programme, which is in most cases leased to black beneficiaries for short terms.

In addition, we account for the land redistribution programme and the land transferred back to land claimants. The numbers below provide an interesting picture of black ownership of rural land in South Africa. In some provinces, equitable access has shown remarkable progress, as shown in the table below.

Instead of a new law, this is what’s needed

First, access to affordable and preferential finance for land acquisition by black farmers would make an important contribution to equitable access. But no new law is needed to enable this. The answer lies in changing the way the Land Bank is funded so that it can provide affordable finance to aspirant farmers. This would be a game changer.

Secondly, government should act on the president’s proposal to establish the Land Reform Agency, release more unused state land for agricultural use and change the regulations to facilitate private land donations to beneficiaries.

Thirdly, fix the processes and data issues in the deeds office, which could reduce the time and costs to register property transfers.

Wandile Sihlobo is the Chief Economist of the Agricultural Business Chamber of South Africa (Agbiz) and a member of the Presidential Economic Advisory Council (PEAC).

Johann Kirsten does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

– ref. Land reform in South Africa doesn’t need a new law: the state should release property it owns – economists – https://theconversation.com/land-reform-in-south-africa-doesnt-need-a-new-law-the-state-should-release-property-it-owns-economists-250674
MIL OSI – Global Reports –
February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI Africa: Land reform in South Africa doesn’t need a new law: the state should release property it owns – economists
Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Johann Kirsten, Director of the Bureau for Economic Research, Stellenbosch University

South Africa’s new Expropriation Act, which was signed into law by President Cyril Ramaphosa in January 2025, has been at the centre of a political storm set off by the new US administration under President Donald Trump.

The Expropriation Act is not entirely new. It mainly updates the existing legislation from 1975 to align it with the constitution of democratic South Africa. But some have misinterpreted it as making room for land grabs by the state. That’s not what it does in reality. Property rights remain intact in South Africa.

Hot on the heels of this furore has been a notice from the minister of land reform and rural development, Mzwanele Nyhontso, that the government is embarking on a new bit of legislation, the “Equitable Access to Land Bill”.

There have been discussions over the last 10 years about developing a land reform framework bill or land redistribution bill. The main idea is to foster conditions that enable citizens to get access to land equitably. Land ownership was heavily skewed towards white people under apartheid.

The parliamentary committee heard from the minister on 20 February 2025 that there were gaps between the white paper on South African land policy and existing legislation. The bill seeks to close the gaps. It would provide for, among other things, principles for access to land, access to land by the state and citizens, the identification and selection of beneficiaries, applications and records for land allocations, a register of agricultural land, notification of present land ownership, land ownership ceilings, a land tribunal and regulations.

Based on our years of work on land reform and agricultural policy it’s unclear to us why such a bill is necessary. We believe there are two reasons a new law would be superfluous. Firstly, South Africa already has roughly 16 laws that address the issue of land. Secondly, policymakers tend to ignore the facts on land reform progress.

It is hard not to view the obsession with new legislation by every new minister as a distraction from the core issues. The minister should be focusing on distributing the land the government has acquired to black farmers and give them title deeds. This will be sufficient effort to build an inclusive agricultural sector, while continuing with existing programmes of land acquisition from the open market.

There are also other areas that should be reformed that would make a difference. These include making more finance available to aspirant black farmers and fixing the deeds office to reduce land registration times.

What’s in place

There should be no need for new legislation if one considers all the different pieces of legislation and government programmes that are already aimed at a more equitable distribution of land. There are at least 16 laws related to farm land and the restitution and redistribution process. These include:
- Preservation and Development of Agricultural Land Act, signed into law in January 2025
- State Land Disposal Act, 1961 (Act No. 48 of 1961)
- Deeds Registries Act, 1937 (Act No. 47 of 1937)
- Land Reform: Provision of Land and Assistance Act, 1993 (Act No. 126 of 1993)
- Restitution of Land Rights Act, 1994 (Act No. 22 of 1994)
- Communal Property Associations Act, 1996 (Act No. 28 of 1996)
- Land Reform (Labour Tenants) Act, 1996 (Act No. 3 of 1996)
- Protection of Informal Land Rights Act, 1996 (Act No. 31 of 1996)
- Extension of Security of Tenure Act, 1997 (Act No. 62 of 1997).
In addition, South African policymakers tend to ignore the facts on land reform progress.

As we have argued before, the mix of government programmes to restore land rights and redistribute land has already addressed 25% of the total area of farm land defined and registered by formal title deeds. This means that 19.5 million hectares of the 77.5 million hectares of South Africa’s farm land have been affected by the government land reform programmes.

There is an important nuance here: 2.5 million hectares have been acquired by the state and are now owned by the State Land Holding Account.

Calls for the state to redistribute this land to black farmers have been falling on deaf ears, and black farmers continue to despair.

The government has been slow to distribute the land it has acquired. This shows that the problem of South Africa’s land reform is not only about acquisition but also the distribution of land with title deeds to beneficiaries.

Included in the total of 19.5 million hectares are private purchases of farm land by black South Africans. We estimate a total of 2.4 million hectares have been acquired in this way up to the end of 2024.

These individuals used their own funds or borrowed funds to acquire the land without using any of the state programmes.

Some answers

We have always argued that the private transactions where no bureaucrats are involved happen much quicker than any government programmes. The table below shows the relevant statistics for the last four years and confirms the argument.

The table shows that over the last four years private land transactions (that is without any involvement of bureaucrats) have contributed 32% to the total area of farmland transferred or restituted. The land claims process, in terms of the Restitution of Land Rights Act, has made the biggest contribution of 60% (with 36% of land restituted via financial compensation and 24% of land transferred to claimants). Other government land reform programmes made a very small contribution.

Do we have more equitable access to farm land (or rural land) after 30 years of democracy? To answer this question, we need to take into account the occupation of farm land under traditional tenure arrangements and occupation on land owned by the state, including the South African Development Trust land as well as the land recently acquired by the state under the Proactive Land Acquisition Strategy programme, which is in most cases leased to black beneficiaries for short terms.

In addition, we account for the land redistribution programme and the land transferred back to land claimants. The numbers below provide an interesting picture of black ownership of rural land in South Africa. In some provinces, equitable access has shown remarkable progress, as shown in the table below.

Instead of a new law, this is what’s needed

First, access to affordable and preferential finance for land acquisition by black farmers would make an important contribution to equitable access. But no new law is needed to enable this. The answer lies in changing the way the Land Bank is funded so that it can provide affordable finance to aspirant farmers. This would be a game changer.

Secondly, government should act on the president’s proposal to establish the Land Reform Agency, release more unused state land for agricultural use and change the regulations to facilitate private land donations to beneficiaries.

Thirdly, fix the processes and data issues in the deeds office, which could reduce the time and costs to register property transfers.

– Land reform in South Africa doesn’t need a new law: the state should release property it owns – economists
– https://theconversation.com/land-reform-in-south-africa-doesnt-need-a-new-law-the-state-should-release-property-it-owns-economists-250674

MIL OSI Africa –
February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI United Kingdom: New public procurement rules to drive growth, opportunities for small businesses and exclude suppliers that fail to deliver
Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

News story

New public procurement rules to drive growth, opportunities for small businesses and exclude suppliers that fail to deliver

A new public procurement regime under the Procurement Act 2023 is now in force
Procurement Act 2023 now in force, delivering growth, driving value for money, and giving small businesses greater access to nearly £400billion of yearly spend.

Strong new powers to exclude and debar suppliers from contracts on grounds of national security or poor performance.

Public can scrutinise procurement decisions on new Central Digital Platform.

New laws putting growth, small businesses and transparency at the heart of public contract awards are now in force, as part of a transformation of the government’s commercial landscape that delivers on the Plan for Change.

A more open public procurement regime driving value for money is now in place through the Procurement Act 2023, which sets rules that all public bodies must follow when they buy goods and services.

The Act will boost growth by slashing red tape for small and medium sized businesses applying for government contracts – combining multiple regulations into one simple set, and publishing procurement data in a standard, open format on a Central Digital Platform.

It is bolstered by a new National Procurement Policy Statement (NPPS) that sets out this government’s Mission-led priorities which the public sector must have regard to in its procurement activity.

The changes open up opportunities for small businesses to bid for public sector contracts, helping deliver growth and opportunity across the UK. It ends late payments that put small businesses at risk, introducing a mandate of 30-day payment terms for all public sector contracts.

Costs for both business and the public sector will be reduced through simple new processes that drive innovation, offering greater flexibility for buyers to tailor procurement to their exact needs. For example, providing public bodies more opportunities to negotiate with suppliers, and using built-in stages to procurement cycles such as demonstrations and testing prototypes.

Cabinet Office Minister Georgia Gould said:

Public sector procurement can now fully deliver on the Plan for Change – unleashing local growth, opening up opportunities and embedding transparency and accountability.

The Procurement Act, supported by our new National Procurement Policy Statement, will tear down barriers that stop small businesses from winning government work, giving them greater opportunity to access the £400 billion spent on public procurement every year, investing in home-grown talent and driving innovation and growth.

Shirley Cooper, Crown Representative for Small Businesses, said:

This once–in-a-generation change to public procurement laws will provide enormous opportunities for small businesses to take a greater share of contracts.

The Act, which goes live alongside our bold new National Procurement Policy Statement, will drive economic growth and deliver on the Government’s Missions and the Plan for Change.

I thank the public sector for the considerable amount of work done to prepare for and understand these new rules, and how they can fully benefit both businesses and the taxpayer.

To deliver on this, a Central Digital Platform is now in operation which will streamline processes and cut red tape, allowing suppliers to register their details and see all bidding opportunities in one place. This will encourage more suppliers to bid for government work, increasing competition and in turn supporting economic growth.

Citizens can also scrutinise public procurement data published on this platform, as part of the Act’s rules for greater transparency.

The Government will also use tough new powers to investigate supplier misconduct, including underperforming suppliers and those that pose security risks to supply chains, with the ability to debar or exclude them from contracts.

The Procurement Review Unit (PRU) and National Security Unit for Procurement (NSUP), now operational as dedicated resources in the Cabinet Office, will carry out this work. The NSUP will take robust action against any organisation, actor or entity which presents a national security threat.

ADDITIONAL QUOTES

Emma Jones CBE, founder of Enterprise Nation, said:

Accessing public sector work can act like a growth accelerator for SMEs. Government contracts are solid and reliable and pay within 30 days. They help SMEs develop and invest in new processes, products and efficiencies, as well as take on more staff in their local community.

By seeing Government procurement through this lens, opening up contracts to more diverse and community-based businesses will be a powerful way to deliver economic growth.

My organisation has already been busy readying SMEs for this moment. This legislation is the beginning of the next step in the journey to increasing government spend with SMEs and boosting the economy.

Terry Corby, founder and CEO of Good Business Pays, said:

The public sector spends around £300 billion every year and represents a huge opportunity to drive growth in the UK. Buying more from SMEs, making it easier for them to tender for work and get paid faster will help drive growth in our communities across the UK.

The commitment to pay all suppliers through the supply chain in under 30 days is important. If implemented well, the new Procurement Act will represent the biggest step-change towards best practice payment culture. I founded Good Business Pays five years ago, and provide a great example for all commercial organisations to follow.

ENDS

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Updates to this page

Published 25 February 2025
MIL OSI United Kingdom –
February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI USA: The Case for Transparency: Why Missouri’s Sportsbook Rules Should Follow the Standard Rulemaking Process

Source: US State of Missouri

The Case for Transparency: Why Missouri’s Sportsbook Rules Should Follow the Standard Rulemaking Process

By Missouri Secretary of State Denny Hoskins, CPA

Missouri’s proposed sportsbook regulations have sparked considerable debate and interest, particularly with claims that the state could generate up to $50 million annually for education from sportsbook revenue. These advertisements, promoting the benefits of legalized sports betting, have stirred excitement. Still, they’ve also raised important questions that demand transparency and public input.

While the Missouri Gaming Commission initially cited a December 1, 2025, deadline as the reason for emergency rulemaking, the reality is that the rules do not meet the criteria for emergency action under RSMo 536.025. As such, the state must move forward with the regular rulemaking process, including a public comment period, review by the Joint Committee on Administrative Rules (JCAR), and filing permanent rules. This process ensures the people of Missouri are appropriately informed and have a say in the final decisions.

First and foremost, we must question the notion that these rules constitute an emergency, due to the high threshold defined in RSMo 536.025. The standard rulemaking process is more than capable of achieving the desired outcome within the necessary time frame. In fact, under the proper procedure, the proposed rules could be effective by September 30, 2025—well ahead of the December 1 deadline. This confirms that there is no legitimate justification for bypassing the standard rulemaking process, which is designed to give the public the chance to weigh in on decisions that affect them.

Missouri residents deserve to be part of the conversation. Several Missourians have already reached out to the Secretary of State’s Office, voicing concerns and requesting an opportunity for public input. They are right to demand transparency—especially considering the striking discrepancies between the projected sportsbook revenue and what is actually forecasted in the state’s fiscal budget. While some pro-sportsbook advertisements promise up to $50 million annually for education, the fiscal note in House Bill 2 (page 39) projects less than $1.1 million in sportsbook tax revenue for FY 2026, assuming a summer start date. This gap raises critical questions about the actual economic impact of sportsbooks and whether the state’s residents are being provided with accurate information.

The rulemaking process, as it stands, is designed to give the public the chance to provide feedback on these crucial issues. The proposed rules will be published in the Missouri Register on March 17, 2025, and the public comment period will run until at least April 17, 2025. During this time, citizens will be able to express their concerns and opinions. After the comment period closes, the Missouri Gaming Commission will be required to file responses with JCAR, ensuring that the public’s input is considered before the rules move forward.

Once JCAR has had an opportunity to review the rules, they will be held for an additional 30 days, during which time they can request changes or even hold hearings. This is an essential part of the process, ensuring that all concerns are addressed before the final rules are filed. The rules will then be published and incorporated into the Code of State Regulations, with an expected effective date of either August 30 or September 30, 2025.

In short, the public deserves to have its voice heard, and it’s crucial that we ensure that this rulemaking process is transparent, thorough, and open. By following the standard rulemaking process, Missouri can ensure that the decisions being made are not only legally sound but also informed by the people who will be impacted the most. We cannot afford to rush through this process for the sake of a deadline that can easily be met through standard procedures.

Missouri’s residents are asking for clarity, transparency, and a fair opportunity to contribute to the discussion on how sports betting will shape our state’s future. The public’s right to know and to participate in this process should not be sidelined in favor of expediency. Let’s move forward with the regular rulemaking process and ensure that Missouri’s sportsbook regulations reflect the will and the best interests of the people.

###

About Secretary of State Denny Hoskins
Denny Hoskins, CPA, was elected Missouri Secretary of State in November 2024. With a strong background in business and public service, he is committed to improving government efficiency, transparency, and supporting Missouri families.

For more information, please contact: Rachael Dunn, Director of Communications, [email protected].

MIL OSI USA News –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI Economics: Solomon Islands: 2024 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Solomon Islands

Source: International Monetary Fund

Summary

Solomon Islands has weathered the shocks of civil unrest, pandemic, and commodity price hikes, and achieved the milestones of hosting the Pacific Games in late 2023 and conducting peaceful general elections in April 2024. These achievements have raised the country’s profile and strengthened national unity, but with costs—public debt has nearly tripled since before the pandemic, and the government’s cash reserves have been significantly depleted. While staff expects continued modest growth in 2024 and 2025, medium-term growth prospects appear moderate and fiscal and current account deficits are expected to persist. Now is the time for the authorities to advance reforms to tackle the perennial challenge of stagnant per-capita income growth, while ensuring fiscal sustainability and resilience.

MIL OSI Economics –

February 26, 2025

MIL-OSI Economics: IMF Executive Board Concludes 2024 Article IV Consultation with Solomon Islands

Source: International Monetary Fund

February 25, 2025

Washington, DC: On February 19, 2025, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation^[1] with Solomon Islands.

Executive Board Assessment^[2]

Table 1. Solomon Islands: Selected Economic Indicators, 2019–2029

Per capita GDP (2023): US$2200
Population (2023): 768,690
Quota: SDR 20.8 million
	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029
					Est.	Proj.
GROWTH AND PRICES	(In percent change, unless otherwise indicated)
Real GDP	1.7	-3.4	2.6	2.4	2.7	2.5	2.8	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.0
CPI (period average)	2.2	2.9	0.2	5.4	5.1	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.4	3.3	3.3
CPI (end of period)	2.6	-2.6	4.6	8.7	4.3	3.4	3.9	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.3
GDP deflator	1.2	-1.3	-5.5	2.0	3.9	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.4
Nominal GDP (in SI$ millions)	13,234	12,617	12,228	12,775	13,911	14,685	15,492	16,370	17,311	18,235	19,217
Nominal GDP (in US$ millions)	1,619	1,536	1,523	1,566	1,661	1,753	1,850	1,954	2,067	2,177	2,294
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS	(In percent of GDP)
Total revenue and grants	34.1	37.9	35.9	38.3	36.3	32.7	32.5	32.6	32.7	32.8	32.8
Revenue	25.8	24.6	24.8	23.1	22.9	23.2	23.0	23.1	23.2	23.3	23.3
Grants	8.2	13.4	11.1	15.2	13.4	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.5
Total expenditure	35.6	40.4	37.8	40.8	40.1	35.8	35.7	35.8	35.8	35.8	35.9
Expense	29.0	31.9	28.3	31.4	29.8	27.9	27.2	27.3	27.4	27.4	27.5
Net acquisition of nonfinancial assets	6.6	8.5	9.5	9.3	10.3	7.9	8.5	8.5	8.4	8.4	8.4
Net lending (+) / Net borrowing (-)	-1.5	-2.4	-1.9	-2.5	-3.8	-3.1	-3.3	-3.2	-3.1	-3.1	-3.1
External	0.0	-1.4	-1.1	-0.1	-2.9	-2.3	-1.8	-1.9	-1.9	-1.8	-1.8
Domestic	-1.5	-1.0	-0.7	-2.4	-0.9	-0.8	-1.5	-1.3	-1.2	-1.2	-1.3
Central government debt 1/	7.8	12.8	15.9	15.5	20.3	22.3	24.4	26.2	27.9	29.5	31.0
Public domestic debt	1.7	2.8	6.1	5.9	8.6	8.9	9.8	10.6	11.1	11.7	12.4
Public external debt	6.1	10.0	9.8	9.6	11.7	13.4	14.5	15.6	16.7	17.7	18.6
MACROFINANCIAL	(In percent change)
Credit to private sector	6.2	0.3	-0.4	0.8	4.7	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
Broad money	-3.1	6.6	1.9	5.3	6.1	6.8	5.5	5.7	5.8	5.3	5.4
Reserve money	-7.1	23.0	10.6	4.0	9.9	6.0	5.5	5.7	5.8	5.3	5.4
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS	(In percent of GDP, unless otherwise indicated)
Current account balance	-9.5	-1.6	-5.1	-13.7	-10.4	-4.2	-7.7	-7.5	-7.4	-7.5	-7.4
Trade balance (goods and services)	-10.0	-8.5	-13.4	-22.3	-19.8	-11.6	-15.3	-15.3	-15.6	-16.1	-16.5
Exports	36.4	28.5	26.9	25.8	32.6	34.6	33.2	32.8	32.1	31.4	30.7
Imports	46.4	37.0	40.4	48.1	52.3	46.2	48.6	48.1	47.7	47.5	47.2
Gross Remittances	1.1	1.5	2.1	3.3	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.8	3.9	4.1	4.3
Capital and Financial Account	7.3	3.0	6.7	13.2	13.6	4.0	6.9	7.3	7.5	7.5	7.5
Foreign direct investment (+ = decrease)	-1.8	-0.4	-1.5	-2.6	-4.3	-0.9	-2.3	-2.6	-2.7	-2.8	-2.9
Overall balance (+ = increase)	-2.1	4.8	2.5	-2.0	3.3	-0.2	-0.8	-0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gross official reserves (in US$ millions, end of period) 2/	574.1	660.6	694.5	655.2	682.0	679.1	664.3	661.0	662.8	663.2	664.6
(in months of next year’s imports of GNFS)	12.1	12.9	11.1	9.0	10.1	9.1	8.5	8.0	7.7	7.4	7.0

EXCHANGE RATE (SI$/US$, end of period)	8.2	8.0	8.1	8.3	8.5	…	…	…	…	…	…
Real effective exchange rate (end of period, 2010 = 100)	127.5	129.9	124.8	132.3	136.0	…	…	…	…	…	…
Sources: Data provided by the authorities; and IMF staff estimates and projections.
1/ Includes disbursements under the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF).
2/ Includes SDR allocations made by the IMF to Solomon Islands in 2009 and in 2021.

IMF Communications Department

MEDIA RELATIONS

PRESS OFFICER: Pemba Sherpa

Phone: +1 202 623-7100Email: MEDIA@IMF.org

MIL OSI Economics –

February 26, 2025

MIL-OSI USA: Unemployment rate for people with a disability changes little, at 7.5%, in 2024

Source: US Department of Labor

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, February 25, 2025 USDL-25-0247

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 * cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY: LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS -- 2024

In 2024, the employment-population ratio--the proportion of the population that is employed--
was 22.7 percent among those with a disability, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported
today. In contrast, the employment-population ratio for those without a disability was 65.5
percent. The employment-population ratio for people with a disability changed little from
2023 to 2024, following a 1.2 percentage-point increase from 2022 to 2023. The employment-
population ratio for those without a disability decreased by 0.3 percentage point in 2024.
The unemployment rate for people with a disability (7.5 percent) changed little in 2024,
while the rate for those without a disability increased by 0.3 percentage point over the
year to 3.8 percent.

The data on people with a disability are collected as part of the Current Population Survey
(CPS), a monthly sample survey of about 60,000 households that provides statistics on
employment and unemployment in the United States. The collection of data on people with a
disability is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor's Office of Disability Employment
Policy. For more information, see the Technical Note in this news release.

Highlights from the 2024 data:

--Half of all people with a disability were age 65 and over, nearly three times larger than
the share for those with no disability. (See table 1.)

--For all ages, the employment-population ratio was much lower for people with a disability
than for those with no disability. (See table 1.)

--Unemployment rates were much higher for people with a disability than for those with no
disability across all educational attainment groups. (See table 1.)

--Workers with a disability were nearly twice as likely to work part time as workers with
no disability. (See table 2.)

--Workers with a disability were more likely to be self-employed than were workers with no
disability. (See table 4.)

Demographic characteristics

People with a disability accounted for about 13 percent of the population in 2024. Those
with a disability tend to be older than people with no disability, reflecting the increased
incidence of disability with age. In 2024, half of those with a disability were age 65 and
over, compared with about 18 percent of those with no disability. Overall, women were more
likely to have a disability than were men, partly reflecting the greater life expectancy of
women. Among the major race and ethnicity groups, people who are White (13.0 percent) and
Black or African American (13.1 percent) had a higher prevalence of disability than those
who are Asian (6.8 percent) and Hispanic or Latino (8.7 percent). (See table 1.)

Employment

In 2024, the employment-population ratio for people with a disability changed little at
22.7 percent. The ratio for those with no disability decreased by 0.3 percentage point to
65.5 percent. The lower ratio among people with a disability reflects, in part, the older
age profile of people with a disability; people age 65 and over are less likely to be
employed regardless of disability status. However, across all age groups, people with a
disability were much less likely to be employed than those with no disability.
(See tables A and 1.)

Among people with a disability ages 16 to 64, the employment-population ratio, at 37.4
percent in 2024, changed little over the year. Similarly, the ratio for people with a
disability age 65 and over was little changed at 8.1 percent. (See table A.)

People with a disability were less likely to have completed a bachelor's degree or higher
than were those with no disability. In 2024, about 23 percent of all people with a
disability had completed a bachelor's degree or higher compared with about 42 percent of
those with no disability. Among both groups, those who had attained higher levels of
education were more likely to be employed than were those with less education. For all
levels of education, people with a disability were much less likely to be employed than
their counterparts with no disability. (Educational attainment data are presented for
those age 25 and over.) (See table 1.)

Workers with a disability were more likely to be employed part time than were those with
no disability. About 31 percent of those with a disability usually worked part time compared
with about 17 percent of workers without a disability. About 4 percent of workers with a
disability worked part time for economic reasons. These individuals would have preferred
full-time employment but were working part time because their hours had been reduced or
they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table 2.)

In 2024, people with a disability were more likely to work in sales and office occupations
than were those with no disability (20.8 percent compared with 18.4 percent, respectively).
Workers with a disability were also more likely than those with no disability to work in
service occupations (19.0 percent compared with 16.3 percent) and in production,
transportation, and material moving occupations (14.2 percent compared with 12.2 percent).
People with a disability were much less likely to work in management, professional, and
related occupations than were their counterparts with no disability (37.9 percent compared
with 44.1 percent). Workers with a disability were also somewhat less likely to work in
natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations (8.1 percent compared with
9.0 percent). (See table 3.)

A larger share of people with a disability were self-employed than were those with no
disability in 2024 (9.2 percent versus 6.0 percent). Those with a disability were slightly
more likely to be employed by the federal government than were their counterparts with no
disability (3.3 percent and 2.6 percent), while the proportions of people employed by state
and local governments were about the same regardless of disability status. In contrast,
people with a disability were less likely to be employed as private wage and salary workers
(76.6 percent) than were those with no disability (80.5 percent). (See table 4.)

Unemployment

The unemployment rate for people with a disability was about twice that of those with no
disability in 2024. (Unemployed people are those who did not have a job, were available for
work, and were actively looking for a job in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.) The
unemployment rate for people with a disability changed little in 2024 at 7.5 percent, while
the rate for people without a disability increased by 0.3 percentage point to 3.8 percent.
(See tables A and 1.)

Among people with a disability, the unemployment rates were the same for men and women in
2024 (7.5 percent). These rates were little different from a year earlier. Among the major
race and ethnicity groups, the jobless rates for people who are White, Black or African
American, Asian, and Hispanic or Latino showed little change over the year. As is the case
among people without a disability, the jobless rates for those with a disability were higher
among people who are Black or African American (10.7 percent) and Hispanic or Latino
(9.4 percent) than among people who are White (6.9 percent) and Asian (6.3 percent).
(See table 1.)

Not in the labor force

People who are neither employed nor unemployed are considered not in the labor force. A
large proportion of people with a disability--about 75 percent--were not in the labor force
in 2024, compared with about 32 percent of those with no disability. In part, this too
reflects the older age profile of people with a disability; people age 65 and over were
much less likely to participate in the labor force than were those in younger age groups.
Across all age groups, however, people with a disability were less likely to participate
in the labor force than were those with no disability. (See table 1.)

For both people with and without a disability, the vast majority of those who were not in
the labor force did not want a job. In 2024, about 3 percent of those with a disability
wanted a job, lower than about 6 percent of those without a disability. Among people who
wanted a job, a subset is classified as marginally attached to the labor force. These
individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in
the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(People marginally attached to the labor force include discouraged workers.) About 1
percent of people with a disability were marginally attached to the labor force in 2024.
(See table 5.)

Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and age, 2023 and 2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	2023			2024
Characteristic	Total, 16 years and over	16 to 64 years	65 years and over	Total, 16 years and over	16 to 64 years	65 years and over
PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,501	16,685	16,816	33,945	16,915	17,030
Civilian labor force	8,112	6,715	1,397	8,328	6,886	1,441
Participation rate	24.2	40.2	8.3	24.5	40.7	8.5
Employed	7,528	6,196	1,331	7,701	6,326	1,375
Employment-population ratio	22.5	37.1	7.9	22.7	37.4	8.1
Unemployed	585	519	66	627	561	66
Unemployment rate	7.2	7.7	4.7	7.5	8.1	4.6
Not in labor force	25,389	9,970	15,419	25,618	10,029	15,589

PEOPLE WITH NO DISABILITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	233,441	191,998	41,443	234,626	191,920	42,706
Civilian labor force	159,004	149,206	9,798	159,779	149,580	10,198
Participation rate	68.1	77.7	23.6	68.1	77.9	23.9
Employed	153,509	143,961	9,548	153,645	143,744	9,900
Employment-population ratio	65.8	75.0	23.0	65.5	74.9	23.2
Unemployed	5,495	5,245	250	6,134	5,836	298
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.5	2.6	3.8	3.9	2.9
Not in labor force	74,437	42,792	31,645	74,847	42,340	32,507
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Technical Note

   The estimates in this release are based on annual average data obtained from  
the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS, which is conducted by the U.S. 
Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a monthly survey of 
about 60,000 eligible households that provides information on the labor force 
status, demographics, and other characteristics of the nation's civilian
noninstitutional population age 16 and over.
   
   Questions were added to the CPS in June 2008 to identify people with a 
disability in the civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over. The 
addition of these questions allowed the BLS to begin releasing monthly labor 
force data from the CPS for people with a disability. The collection of these 
data is sponsored by the Department of Labor's Office of Disability Employment 
Policy.
   
   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial
7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 
error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is 
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values 
they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples 
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured 
by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or
level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling 
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 
confidence.

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can 
occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, 
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and
errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

   Additional information about the reliability of data from the CPS and 
estimating standard errors is available at 
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

   CPS estimates are controlled to population totals that are available by 
age, sex, race, and Hispanic ethnicity. These controls are developed by the 
Census Bureau and are based on complete population counts obtained in the 
decennial census. In the years between decennial censuses, they incorporate 
the latest information about population change (births, deaths, and net
international migration). As part of its annual update of population
estimates, the Census Bureau introduces adjustments to the total population
controls. The updated controls typically have a negligible impact on 
unemployment rates and other ratios. The estimates of the population of 
people with a disability are not controlled to independent population totals 
of people with a disability because such data are not available. Without 
independent population totals, sample-based estimates are more apt to vary 
from one time period to the next. Information about population controls is 
available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.

Disability questions and concepts

   The CPS uses a set of six questions to identify people with disabilities. 
In the CPS, people are classified as having a disability if there is a response 
of "yes" to any of these questions. The disability questions appear in the CPS 
in the following format:

   This month we want to learn about people who have physical, mental, or emotional
conditions that cause serious difficulty with their daily activities. Please answer
for household members who are 15 years old or over.

   --Is anyone deaf or does anyone have serious difficulty 
     hearing?

   --Is anyone blind or does anyone have serious difficulty
     seeing even when wearing glasses?

   --Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does
     anyone have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or
     making decisions?

   --Does anyone have serious difficulty walking or climbing
     stairs?

   --Does anyone have difficulty dressing or bathing?

   --Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does
     anyone have difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a
     doctor's office or shopping?

   The CPS questions for identifying individuals with disabilities are only 
asked of household members who are age 15 and over. Each of the questions ask 
the respondent whether anyone in the household has the condition described, and 
if the respondent replies "yes," they are then asked to identify everyone in 
the household who has the condition. Labor force measures from the CPS are 
tabulated for people age 16 and over. More information on the disability 
questions and the limitations of the CPS disability data is available on the 
BLS website at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsdisability_faq.htm.

Other definitions

   Other definitions used in this release are described briefly below. 
Additional information on the concepts and methodology of the CPS is available 
at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Employed.  Employed people are all those who, during the survey reference 
week, (a) did any work at all as paid employees; (b) worked in their own 
business, profession, or on their own farm; or (c) worked 15 hours or more as 
unpaid workers in a family member's business.  People who were temporarily 
absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor 
dispute, or another reason also are counted as employed.

   Unemployed.  Unemployed people are those who had no employment during the 
reference week, were available for work at that time, and had made specific 
efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 
reference week. People who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they 
had been laid off need not have been looking for work to be classified as 
unemployed.

   Civilian labor force.  The civilian labor force comprises all people
classified as employed or unemployed.

   Unemployment rate.  The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a 
percent of the labor force.

   Not in the labor force.  People not in the labor force include all those who 
are not classified as employed or unemployed. Information is collected on their 
desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the CPS interview, job 
search activity in the prior year, and reason for not looking in the 4-week 
period ending with the reference week. This group includes individuals marginally 
attached to the labor force, defined as people not in the labor force who want 
and are available for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the past 12 
months (or since the end of their last job if they held one within the past 12 
months). They are not counted as unemployed because they had not actively searched 
for work in the prior 4 weeks. Within the marginally attached group are discouraged 
workers--people who are not currently looking for work because they believe there 
are no jobs available or there are none for which they would qualify. The other 
people marginally attached to the labor force group includes people who want a
job but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks for reasons such as family 
responsibilities or transportation problems.

   Part time for economic reasons.  People classified as at work part time for 
economic reasons, a measure sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, are 
those who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 34 hours during the reference 
week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, 
inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand. Those who 
usually work part time must also indicate that they want and are available for 
full-time work to be classified as part time for economic reasons.

   Occupation, industry, and class of worker.  The occupation, industry, and 
class of worker classifications for the employed relate to the job held in the 
survey reference week. People with two or more jobs are classified in the job 
at which they worked the greatest number of hours. People are classified using 
the 2018 Census occupational and 2017 Census industry classification systems. 
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the following categories: 
private and government wage and salary workers, self-employed workers, and 
unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary, 
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government 
unit. Self-employed people are those who work for profit or fees in their own 
business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed are 
included in the self-employed category. Self-employed people who respond that 
their businesses are incorporated are included among wage and salary workers. 
Unpaid family workers are people working without pay for 15 hours a week or 
more on a farm or in a business operated by a family member in their household.

Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and selected characteristics, 2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Participation rate	Employed		Unemployed
		Total	Participation rate	Total	Percent of population	Total	Rate
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over	268,571	168,106	62.6	161,346	60.1	6,761	4.0	100,465
Men	130,939	88,974	68.0	85,313	65.2	3,661	4.1	41,965
Women	137,633	79,132	57.5	76,033	55.2	3,100	3.9	58,500

PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITY
Total, 16 years and over	33,945	8,328	24.5	7,701	22.7	627	7.5	25,618
Men	15,923	4,308	27.1	3,984	25.0	324	7.5	11,615
Women	18,023	4,020	22.3	3,717	20.6	303	7.5	14,003
Age
16 to 64 years	16,915	6,886	40.7	6,326	37.4	561	8.1	10,029
16 to 19 years	876	242	27.6	184	21.0	58	23.9	634
20 to 24 years	1,271	596	46.9	517	40.6	79	13.3	675
25 to 34 years	2,625	1,522	58.0	1,393	53.1	129	8.5	1,103
35 to 44 years	2,689	1,402	52.1	1,310	48.7	92	6.6	1,287
45 to 54 years	3,417	1,405	41.1	1,301	38.1	104	7.4	2,012
55 to 64 years	6,036	1,719	28.5	1,621	26.8	98	5.7	4,317
65 years and over	17,030	1,441	8.5	1,375	8.1	66	4.6	15,589
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White	26,629	6,584	24.7	6,129	23.0	455	6.9	20,045
Black or African American	4,593	1,045	22.8	934	20.3	112	10.7	3,548
Asian	1,219	252	20.7	236	19.4	16	6.3	967
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4,277	1,188	27.8	1,076	25.2	111	9.4	3,089
Educational attainment
Total, 25 years and over	31,798	7,490	23.6	7,000	22.0	490	6.5	24,309
Less than a high school diploma	4,427	556	12.6	499	11.3	57	10.2	3,871
High school graduates, no college	11,075	2,081	18.8	1,912	17.3	169	8.1	8,993
Some college or associate degree	8,838	2,379	26.9	2,224	25.2	155	6.5	6,459
Bachelor’s degree and higher	7,459	2,474	33.2	2,365	31.7	109	4.4	4,985

PEOPLE WITH NO DISABILITY
Total, 16 years and over	234,626	159,779	68.1	153,645	65.5	6,134	3.8	74,847
Men	115,016	84,666	73.6	81,329	70.7	3,337	3.9	30,350
Women	119,610	75,113	62.8	72,316	60.5	2,797	3.7	44,497
Age
16 to 64 years	191,920	149,580	77.9	143,744	74.9	5,836	3.9	42,340
16 to 19 years	16,709	6,242	37.4	5,477	32.8	765	12.3	10,467
20 to 24 years	20,116	14,697	73.1	13,655	67.9	1,042	7.1	5,419
25 to 34 years	41,802	35,660	85.3	34,202	81.8	1,457	4.1	6,142
35 to 44 years	41,491	36,001	86.8	34,887	84.1	1,114	3.1	5,490
45 to 54 years	36,617	31,532	86.1	30,738	83.9	794	2.5	5,085
55 to 64 years	35,185	25,448	72.3	24,785	70.4	663	2.6	9,737
65 years and over	42,706	10,198	23.9	9,900	23.2	298	2.9	32,507
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White	178,457	121,048	67.8	116,904	65.5	4,144	3.4	57,409
Black or African American	30,410	21,001	69.1	19,794	65.1	1,207	5.7	9,409
Asian	16,756	11,429	68.2	11,034	65.9	394	3.5	5,327
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	44,645	31,702	71.0	30,151	67.5	1,551	4.9	12,942
Educational attainment
Total, 25 years and over	197,801	138,839	70.2	134,512	68.0	4,326	3.1	58,962
Less than a high school diploma	14,868	8,597	57.8	8,090	54.4	507	5.9	6,271
High school graduates, no college	52,631	34,175	64.9	32,813	62.3	1,362	4.0	18,455
Some college or associate degree	48,149	33,460	69.5	32,403	67.3	1,057	3.2	14,689
Bachelor’s degree and higher	82,153	62,607	76.2	61,206	74.5	1,400	2.2	19,547
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Table 2. Employed full- and part-time workers by disability status and age, 2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Disability status and age	Employed			At work part time for economic reasons
Disability status and age	Total	Usually work full time	Usually work part time	At work part time for economic reasons
TOTAL
16 years and over	161,346	133,361	27,985	4,467
16 to 64 years	150,070	126,401	23,669	4,267
65 years and over	11,276	6,960	4,316	200

People with a disability
16 years and over	7,701	5,322	2,379	303
16 to 64 years	6,326	4,641	1,684	275
65 years and over	1,375	680	695	27

People with no disability
16 years and over	153,645	128,039	25,605	4,164
16 to 64 years	143,744	121,760	21,985	3,991
65 years and over	9,900	6,280	3,621	172
NOTE: Full time refers to people who usually work 35 hours or more per week; part time refers to people who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

Table 3. Employed people by disability status, occupation, and sex, 2024 annual averages [Percent distribution]
Occupation	People with a disability			People with no disability
Occupation	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total employed (in thousands)	7,701	3,984	3,717	153,645	81,329	72,316

Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	37.9	34.7	41.3	44.1	39.8	49.1
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	16.6	17.3	16.0	19.1	19.6	18.5
Management occupations	11.5	12.8	10.2	12.9	14.1	11.4
Business and financial operations occupations	5.1	4.4	5.8	6.2	5.4	7.1
Professional and related occupations	21.3	17.5	25.4	25.1	20.2	30.6
Computer and mathematical occupations	3.1	4.2	1.9	4.0	5.6	2.2
Architecture and engineering occupations	1.8	2.7	0.8	2.2	3.5	0.8
Life, physical, and social science occupations	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.2	1.1	1.3
Community and social service occupations	2.0	1.5	2.6	1.8	1.0	2.7
Legal occupations	1.0	0.9	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.3
Education, training, and library occupations	5.6	3.1	8.4	6.0	3.0	9.3
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations	2.6	2.4	2.8	2.1	2.0	2.3
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	4.3	1.9	6.8	6.6	3.0	10.6
Service occupations	19.0	16.0	22.2	16.3	13.0	19.9
Healthcare support occupations	4.3	1.3	7.5	3.3	1.0	6.0
Protective service occupations	1.6	2.4	0.8	1.9	2.7	1.0
Food preparation and serving related occupations	5.4	4.7	6.2	5.0	4.3	5.7
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations	5.0	6.4	3.5	3.5	3.9	3.1
Personal care and service occupations	2.6	1.2	4.2	2.5	1.1	4.0
Sales and office occupations	20.8	14.7	27.4	18.4	13.8	23.6
Sales and related occupations	9.6	8.6	10.8	8.7	8.6	8.8
Office and administrative support occupations	11.2	6.1	16.6	9.7	5.2	14.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	8.1	14.9	0.9	9.0	15.9	1.1
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.5	0.6	0.3	0.6	0.8	0.4
Construction and extraction occupations	4.4	8.1	0.4	5.3	9.6	0.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	3.3	6.1	0.3	3.0	5.5	0.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	14.2	19.8	8.2	12.2	17.5	6.3
Production occupations	5.5	7.3	3.5	4.9	6.6	3.0
Transportation and material moving occupations	8.7	12.5	4.7	7.3	10.9	3.3

Table 4. Employed people by disability status, industry, class of worker, and sex, 2024 annual averages [Percent distribution]
Industry and class of worker	People with a disability			People with no disability
Industry and class of worker	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total employed (in thousands)	7,701	3,984	3,717	153,645	81,329	72,316

Industry as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	2.1	3.0	1.2	1.4	1.8	0.8
Nonagricultural industries	97.9	97.0	98.8	98.6	98.2	99.2
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0.3	0.5	0.1	0.4	0.6	0.1
Construction	6.3	10.9	1.5	7.5	12.6	1.8
Manufacturing	8.5	11.5	5.3	9.4	12.5	5.8
Wholesale trade	1.6	2.0	1.1	2.0	2.6	1.3
Retail trade	13.1	12.8	13.5	10.0	9.9	10.0
Transportation and utilities	5.9	7.8	3.8	6.1	8.7	3.1
Information	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.8	2.0	1.5
Financial activities	5.8	5.1	6.6	6.8	6.4	7.3
Professional and business services	12.0	13.5	10.5	13.3	14.5	11.9
Education and health services	21.8	11.3	33.0	23.1	11.1	36.5
Leisure and hospitality	9.5	8.9	10.0	8.7	8.0	9.5
Other services	6.0	5.7	6.3	4.7	4.1	5.4
Public administration	5.4	5.3	5.5	5.0	5.1	4.9

Class of worker as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Wage and salary workers	90.7	89.5	92.0	94.0	93.2	94.8
Private industries	76.6	77.4	75.9	80.5	82.2	78.5
Government	14.1	12.2	16.1	13.5	11.0	16.3
Federal	3.3	3.6	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.4
State	5.0	3.4	6.7	4.7	3.5	6.0
Local	5.8	5.2	6.4	6.3	4.8	7.9
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9.2	10.4	7.9	6.0	6.8	5.1

Table 5. People not in the labor force by disability status, age, and sex, 2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Category	Total, 16 years and over	16 to 64 years			Total, 65 years and over
Category	Total, 16 years and over	Total	Men	Women	Total, 65 years and over
PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITY
Total not in the labor force	25,618	10,029	4,876	5,152	15,589
People who currently want a job	798	542	253	289	256
Marginally attached to the labor force	203	159	77	83	43
Discouraged workers	45	31	18	13	14
Other people marginally attached to the labor force	157	128	59	69	29

PEOPLE WITH NO DISABILITY
Total not in the labor force	74,847	42,340	16,227	26,113	32,507
People who currently want a job	4,792	4,170	2,009	2,161	622
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,355	1,239	676	563	116
Discouraged workers	363	332	202	130	31
Other people marginally attached to the labor force	992	907	475	433	85

MIL OSI USA News –

February 26, 2025

MIL-OSI USA: Campaign to Recruit Federal Workers Into State Service

Source: US State of New York

Governor Kathy Hochul today launched a new “You’re Hired” initiative to recruit talented public sector workers into State service. This initiative comes as the new federal administration utilizes the so-called Department of Government Efficiency, or DOGE, to lay off thousands of highly-qualified workers in the federal government.

“The federal government might say, ‘You’re fired,’ but here in New York, we say, ‘You’re hired.’ In fact, we love federal workers,” Governor Hochul said. “Whatever your skills, we value public service. Check out potential jobs at ny.gov/wewantyou. Come join our New York State family.”

To kick off this initiative, Governor Hochul released a video message to invite federal workers to join the New York State workforce. The Governor’s video message is available to stream on YouTube here and TV quality video is available here.

Since taking office, Governor Hochul has implemented several initiatives to strengthen New York’s public workforce. In 2023, Governor Hochul extended 12 weeks of fully paid parental leave to the entire state workforce, for the first time in state history. In 2024, the state launched the NY HELPS program, temporarily waiving civil service exam requirements for many job vacancies, resulting in nearly 24,000 appointments in state government, on top of 6,000 appointments in local governments. Additionally, the state created 10 Centers for Careers in Government, offering job seekers guidance on civil service systems and career opportunities. The Governor has also lifted the hiring freeze, expanded opportunities for individuals and veterans with disabilities, and funded new testing centers to further support the workforce.

New York State Department of Civil Service Commissioner and Civil Service Commission President Timothy R. Hogues said, “Public service is a noble calling, and we’re looking for the best and brightest to come work for New York State. Under Governor Hochul’s leadership, we have been working hard to retain and recruit the next generation of employees and servant-leaders. By coming to work for the Empire State, you’ll have the opportunity to help your neighbors, community and state in a variety of ways — serving, protecting, and caring for your fellow New Yorkers and our wonderful resources in solid, stable jobs. Check out NY.gov/WeWantYou to get started in a new and rewarding career, today.”

New York State Department of Labor Commissioner Roberta Reardon said, “Careers in public service offer stability, competitive pay, great benefits and a chance to make a difference in the lives of your fellow New Yorkers. I encourage all former federal workers with a continued interest in public service to check out the many careers in New York State government today.”

MIL OSI USA News –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI Security: Mexican Drug Cartel Leader Extradited to Georgia to Face Federal Charges
Source: Office of United States Attorneys

ATLANTA – Omar Cuenca-Marino, 41, of Guerrero, Mexico, has been arraigned before Chief United States Magistrate Judge Russell G. Vineyard on federal charges of conspiracy to possess with the intent to distribute, and unlawful import of, methamphetamine, cocaine, and heroin into the United States, and conspiracy to commit money laundering. Cuenca-Marino, who was the alleged leader of the Los Rojos Mexican Drug Cartel, was indicted by a federal grand jury on December 21, 2016.

“Robust law enforcement partnerships, tenacious investigators, and a resilient determination to eliminate cartels that import deadly drugs into our communities culminated in the charges and recent extradition of this alleged drug cartel leader,” said Acting United States Attorney Richard S. Moultrie, Jr. “This prosecution sends a strong message to the cartels and their leadership, no matter where they reside: you will face justice.”

“The arrest and extradition of Omar Cuenca-Marino, the alleged Los Rojos cartel leader, marks a significant success for the ongoing U.S. efforts to dismantle drug trafficking cartels and secure our borders,” said Steven N. Schrank, Special Agent in Charge of HSI Atlanta, which covers Georgia and Alabama. “As part of our commitment to combating the opioid crisis and transnational crime, we are leveraging every available resource to disrupt cross border criminal operations. This case sends a clear message that we, alongside our law enforcement partners, will not tolerate those who seek to profit from the distribution of dangerous narcotics.”

“The success of this investigation demonstrates DEA will use all of its resources to destroy drug distribution networks that are endangering our communities,” said Jae W. Chung, Acting Special Agent in Charge of the DEA Atlanta Division.

“Drug cartels have caused the death of many people in the United States and Mexico through violence and the distribution of illegal drugs,” said Special Agent in Charge Demetrius Hardeman, IRS Criminal Investigation, Atlanta Field Office. “Once identified by the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces, IRS Criminal Investigation special agents investigate these cartels finances and their involvement with narcotics to help bring them down.”

According to Acting U.S. Attorney Moultrie, the charges, and other information presented in court: An investigation by law enforcement authorities identified a drug cartel based in Mexico that, between approximately 2013 and 2016, was responsible for importing large, distribution quantities of heroin, methamphetamine, and cocaine from Mexico into the United States. The investigation identified Cuenca-Marino as the alleged Mexico-based leader of the cartel who oversaw the preparation of thousands of kilograms of cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin in Mexico and arranged to have the drugs smuggled into the United States, using buses and tractor-trailers. In addition, Cuenca-Marino allegedly directed the collection of millions of dollars of drug proceeds for transport from the United States back to Mexico.

For instance:
- On October 11, 2013, a law enforcement operation in Vinings and Hiram, Georgia led to the seizure of approximately 75 kilograms of methamphetamine, 23 kilograms of heroin, and 47 kilograms of cocaine. Cuenca-Marino allegedly directed the smuggling of these drugs into the United States for distribution in the Atlanta-metro area.
- On November 20, 2015, law enforcement seized 76 packages of cocaine from a vehicle in a parking lot in Duluth, Georgia. The investigation revealed that Cuenca-Marino had relayed the phone number of the Atlanta-based trafficker who was about to take possession of the drugs.
- On February 9, 2016, law enforcement stopped a vehicle traveling on Interstate 44 in Phelps County, Missouri and found $425,900 in drug proceeds. The driver, who was enroute to Mexico, allegedly contacted Cuenca-Marino the following day to report that the vehicle had been in an “accident.”
Members of the public are reminded that the indictment only contains charges. The defendant is presumed innocent of the charges, and it will be the government’s burden to prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at trial.

The investigation and prosecution of this case is led by the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s Homeland Security Investigations, Drug Enforcement Administration, and Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation, with valuable assistance from the U.S. Marshals Service, the Cobb County Police Department, Cobb County Sheriff’s Office, Marietta Police Department, Powder Springs Police Department, Henry County Police Department, Clayton County Sheriff’s Office, Georgia Bureau of Investigation, DeKalb County Police Department, Alabama Drug Task Force, Newnan Police Department, Conyers Police Department, Gwinnett County Judicial Task Force, United States Customs and Border Protection, and the Georgia State Patrol.

Assistant U.S. Attorney Michael Herskowitz is prosecuting the case. Former Assistant U.S. Attorneys Nicholas Hartigan and Michael J. Brown, as well as the U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Division’s Office of International Affairs and Office of Enforcement Operations, provided valuable assistance in the investigation. Also, the Department of Justice’s Office of International Affairs coordinated with law enforcement partners in Mexico to secure the arrest and extradition Cuenca-Marino.

This prosecution is part of an Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces (OCDETF) Strike Force Initiative, which provides for the establishment of permanent multi-agency task force teams that work side-by-side in the same location. This co-located model enables agents from different agencies to collaborate on intelligence-driven, multi-jurisdictional operations to eliminate the most significant drug traffickers, money launderers, gangs, and transnational criminal organizations.

The specific mission of the David G. Wilhelm Atlanta OCDETF Strike Force (Atlanta Strike Force) is to eliminate transnational organized crime syndicates and major drug trafficking and money laundering organizations in the Atlanta metropolitan area and the Northern District of Georgia. To accomplish this mission, the Atlanta Strike Force will target these organizations’ leaders, focusing on targets designated as Consolidated Priority Organization Targets, Regional Priority Organization Targets, and their associates. The Atlanta Strike Force is comprised of agents and officers from ATF, DEA, FBI, HSI, USMS, USPIS, and IRS, as well as numerous state and local agencies; and the prosecution is being led by the Office of the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Georgia.

For further information please contact the U.S. Attorney’s Public Affairs Office at USAGAN.PressEmails@usdoj.gov or (404) 581-6280. The Internet address for the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of Georgia is http://www.justice.gov/usao-ndga.

MIL Security OSI –
February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI Russia: Dmitry Chernyshenko sent greetings to participants of the Talent Summit forum in Abu Dhabi

Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

Source: Government of the Russian Federation – An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

Scientific and educational forum “Talent Summit” in Abu Dhabi

February 25, 2025

Scientific and educational forum “Talent Summit” in Abu Dhabi

February 25, 2025

Scientific and educational forum “Talent Summit” in Abu Dhabi

February 25, 2025

Scientific and educational forum “Talent Summit” in Abu Dhabi

February 25, 2025

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Scientific and educational forum “Talent Summit” in Abu Dhabi

Deputy Prime Minister of Russia Dmitry Chernyshenko welcomed the guests and organizers of the scientific and educational forum “Talent Summit” in Abu Dhabi.

In his greeting, the Deputy Prime Minister emphasized the importance of cooperation between Russia and the United Arab Emirates in the fields of science, education and technology, noting the significant achievements of the Sirius educational center.

“I thank the organizers of the summit – the leadership of Sirius and the Ministry of Education of the United Arab Emirates – a country that is a reliable partner of Russia in cooperation in the field of science, education and technology.

It is gratifying that Sirius, created on the initiative of President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, shares its experience at the international level. Over ten years, the educational center has trained 80 thousand talented graduates in a variety of fields. Every year, Sirius’ educational programs cover more than 5 million schoolchildren, students, and teachers. More than 100 companies are now residents of its innovative scientific and technological center.

Experienced Sirius engineers introduced the summit guests to breakthrough Russian solutions, including in the field of genetics and information technology. I am confident that the forum will serve to develop the talents of young people in Russia and the United Arab Emirates and will play a key role in strengthening friendly relations between our countries. I wish you fruitful work, interesting meetings and discussions,” the address says.

The bilateral scientific and educational forum “Talent Summit” is being held for the first time in Abu Dhabi from February 23 to 25. It has become a platform for exchanging experiences and ideas between leading specialists from Russia and the UAE. Bilateral meetings allowed participants to discuss prospects for cooperation in key areas: education, science, innovation and culture.

Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

MIL OSI Russia News –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI: Data443 Announces Product Launch – ClassiForAI (CAFAI)
Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C., Feb. 25, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Data443 Risk Mitigation, Inc. (OTCPK: ATDS) (“Data443” or the “Company”), an AI data security and privacy software company for “All Things Data Security,” today announced new capabilitis for its data classificaiton and governance product line – ClassiForAI (CAFAI). This offering leverages the companies’ significant and ongoing investments in Machine Learning to accelerate customer adoption of AI & LLMs.

The product capabilty includes access to their new datacenter facilitities in the heart of Research Triangle Park and Data LLM Training engineering. The capability enables customers to come with their own AI engine of choice (Amazon, Microsoft, HuggingFace, ChatGPT, etc.) and have their internal corporate documents form the foundation for a very accurate, safe and confidential AI model for end users, advanced analytics, and of course – to train new AIs. Most importantly, Data443’s capability includes identification of extremely sensitive content that is not allowed to be generally exposed in any way by the AIs.

“As we spoke to analysts about our approach, the result was the same – ‘Customers are struggling with what do to, don’t trust the public cloud, and really do not have the capabilities inside their own business. Plus, they are nervous about disclosure of sensitive content to employees and customers. Customers have no way of separating this data.”, stated Jason Remillard, CEO and Founder of Data443.

The methology that Data443 applies is simplistic and focussed on fast results and high accuracy. A known issue with AI engines is that if you train it on too much data, mixed use data or data that is not specific enough – you end up with unreliable models which are prone to problems of hallucianation and unsourced content. Data443’s ClassiForAI utilizes its existing capabiltiy of classifying content with over 1,400 policies in 43 languages. The company can scan a massive content repository (of almost any kind in legal, finiance, defence, government) and produce reference examples of extremely high confidence datasets that match the policy – for example – (Personal Privacy Information) and language (German).

‘We’ve been offering our classification engine for different use cases for years, and the feedback is always the same – your policy frameworks are unique and on target. By leveraging our ecosystem (including physical hosting of the models) Data443 is able to provide full lifecycle services for AI accuracy, and reverse train negative outputs for usage in security and disclosure environments. To truely garner the benefits of AI, it isn’t useful if it is inaccurate, making up informtation, or its capabilities degrade over time. Our solutions are designed to be a full life cycle implementation – with continues subscriptions in place to continuously refine models, execute data transactions with them and in some cases, host the hardware and softare components on behalf of the customers”.

The acquisition coincides with significant market validation of AI-powered email security solutions, evidenced by Abnormal Security’s anticipated IPO and growing enterprise demand for intelligent security platforms like Sailpoint. This strategic move positions Data443 to capture an expanding share of the email security market, which is experiencing rapid growth driven by the increasing sophistication of cyber threats and its recent acquisitions of Cyren.

The announcement today will deliver immediate benefits to Data443’s customers:
- Offline and live training of AI LLMs
- Rental of Data443’s AI hardware, including NVidia, Tenstorrent, AMD, Cerebras Systems.
- Secured facilites in its new USA-based data center.
- High power draw capabilities for certain physical premises
- Continuous leasing of AI engines for continuous data analysis while it is being used for training or queries.
- Identification and removal of extremely sensitive content as defined by the customer.
- Reducing exposure of content by LLM’s in chatbots, emails and other distribution types
“This offering has been a long time in coming as the industry continues to iterate. Much like our investments with Ripple XRP, these long term plays differentiates us from others as we have mature technology, usually with 1-2 decades of runtime, with actual customers. The startup space has much excitement and investment dollars – which we appreciate. We like our position as recognized experts in data center management and classification,” added Remillard. “Like our recent acquisition of Breezemail.ai – we will continue to share with the industry as we win customer engagements.”

Interested parties may review the offering at the website: https://data443.com/classi-for-ai-cafai/

About Data443 Risk Mitigation, Inc.

Data443 Risk Mitigation, Inc. (OTCPK: ATDS) provides software and services to enable secure data across devices and databases, at rest and in flight/in transit, locally, on a network or in the cloud. We are All Things Data Security™. With over 10,000 customers in over 100 countries, Data443 provides a modern approach to data governance and security by identifying and protecting all sensitive data regardless of location, platform or format. Data443’s framework helps customers prioritize risk, identify security gaps and implement effective data protection and privacy management strategies.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified by use of terms such as “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “may,” “could,” “will,” “should,” “plan,” “project,” “intend,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “pursuant,” “target,” “continue” or the negative of these words or other comparable terminology. Statements in this press release that are not historical statements, including statements regarding Data443’s plans, objectives, future opportunities for Data443’s services, future financial performance and operating results, and any other statements regarding Data443’s future expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, financial conditions, assumptions or future events or performance, or regarding the anticipated consummation of any transaction, are forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to numerous risks, uncertainties and assumptions, many of which are difficult to predict or are beyond Data443’s control. These risks, uncertainties and assumptions could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed or implied by the statements. They may relate to the outcome of litigation, settlements and investigations; actions by third parties, including governmental agencies; volatility in customer spending; global economic conditions; inability to hire and retain personnel; loss of, or reduction in business with, key customers; difficulty with growth and integration of acquisitions; product liability; cybersecurity risk; anti-takeover measures in the Company’s charter documents; and the uncertainties created by global health issues, such as the ongoing outbreak of COVID, and political unrest and conflict, such as the invasion of Ukraine by Russia. These and other important risk factors are described more fully in the Company’s reports and other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“the SEC”), including in Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 17, 2024, and subsequent filings with the SEC. Undue reliance should not be placed on the forward-looking statements in this press release, which are based on information available to the Company on the date hereof. Except as otherwise required by applicable law, Data443 undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise.

“DATA443” is a registered trademark of Data443 Risk Mitigation, Inc.

All product names, trademarks and registered trademarks are property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this press release are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

For further information:
Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/data443-risk-mitigation-inc/
Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZXDhJcx-XgMBhvE9aFHRdA
Sign up for our Investor Newsletter: https://data443.com/investor-email-alerts/

To learn more about Data443, please watch the Company’s video introduction on its YouTube channel: https://youtu.be/1Fp93jOxFSg

Investor Relations Contact:
Matthew Abenante
ir@data443.com
919.858.6542

The MIL Network –
February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI Africa: Mano River Union Delegation Studies Successful Border Post Model to Enhance Women’s Cross-Border Trade

Source: Africa Press Organisation – English (2) – Report:

ABIDJAN, Ivory Coast, February 25, 2025/APO Group/ —

A Mano River Union (MRU) delegation recently concluded a successful study tour of the ‘Busia One Stop Border Post’ (OSBP) between Kenya and Uganda, gaining valuable insights into efficient cross-border trade systems that benefit women traders. The tour brought together women traders and border officials from Liberia and Sierra Leone, alongside representatives from the African Development Bank (www.AfDB.org).

The Busia OSBPs, one of East Africa’s busiest border crossings, handling over 3,000 people and 900 vehicles crossing daily, has transformed cross-border trade since its establishment in 2018. The facility serves as a model for streamlined border procedures between Kenya and Uganda, demonstrating significant improvements in trade efficiency and women’s economic empowerment.

Nelly Maina, Principal Gender Officer at the African Development Bank, who led the Bank delegation, said the Busia OSBP exemplified how structured trade facilitation and targeted support can drive economic empowerment for women in cross-border trade. “It brings out the importance of collaboration with government agencies and the provision of essential resources such as training, capacity building and infrastructure, and the development of inclusive policies that address women’s specific needs.”

The tour was part of the African Development Bank-funded Building Inclusive Business Ecosystems for Stabilization and Transformation (BI-BEST) project, which aims to empower 1,500 women traders in Liberia and Sierra Leone. The project focuses on enhancing participation in cross-border value chains for resilient economic growth and social cohesion.

The delegation held discussions with Kenya’s Ministry of Investments, Trade and Industry, the National AfCFTA Committee, TradeMark Africa, Busia Border management authorities, and local women cross-border traders, who shared their experiences of the OSBP’s transformative impact.

Women traders from Kenya and Uganda detailed how the OSBP, operational since 2018, has enhanced their ability to conduct business seamlessly across borders. “I buy Irish potatoes in Kenya and bring them to Uganda, then purchase maize in Uganda and return it to Kenya. I am now a fully-fledged cross-border trader, enlightened and sensitized,” said Mercy Mugo, a trader in Busia town.

Another trader, Florence Atieno, emphasized the broader social benefits of an inclusive trade environment: “We believe that by addressing the critical needs of women in trade, we can positively impact the community and promote the overall economic well-being.”

Delegates from Sierra Leone and Liberia found the experience particularly inspiring. Betty R. Kamara from Sierra Leone noted: ” I am impressed by how Kenyan women collaborate with security officials and manage their businesses alongside childcare responsibilities. Similarly, Esther Tamba from Liberia stated: “I will meet with my women’s association, Good Seeds, in Liberia to share the lessons learned from Kenyan women traders.

The tour highlighted the critical role of infrastructure and policy in creating a safer, more inclusive trade environment for women. For example, at the Busia OSBP, a daycare center has been established to support women traders and local business owners, many of whom previously had to carry their infants to markets – exposing them to risks such as child trafficking, accidents, and abuse. This center now provides accessible, affordable childcare, enabling women to focus on trade, entrepreneurship, and employment.

According to the joint border management committee, the Busia OSPB has transformed cross-border trade. Before its establishment, traders endured long clearance queues and complex bureaucratic procedures, with women particularly vulnerable to security risks and lacking storage facilities for unsold goods. Many relied on intermediaries to facilitate their passage. Today, simplified trade Regimes (STRs), certificates of origin, and other accessible documentation have replaced lengthy procedures, allowing women to manage their transactions independently. A dedicated reporting desk now enables women to voice their concerns, while new facilities—including lactation rooms and secure storage spaces—enhance their trading experience.

Through continuous sensitization efforts by the Kenyan and Ugandan governments and the private sector, women traders are now more informed about their rights and available resources. Training sessions provide guidance on trade procedures, documentation requirements, and trader rights, fostering a more inclusive trading environment.

“By applying these insights within the MRU, we look forward to contributing to an inclusive business ecosystem in the West Africa region,” said Sierra Leone’s Betty Kamara.

MIL OSI Africa –

February 26, 2025
MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Recovered appeal: land located to the south-east of Bottesford (ref: 3340258 – 25 February 2025)

Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

Correspondence

Recovered appeal: land located to the south-east of Bottesford (ref: 3340258 – 25 February 2025)

Decision letter and Inspector’s Report for a recovered appeal.

Applies to England

Documents

Recovered appeal: land located to the south-east of Bottesford (ref: 3340258 – 25 February 2025)

PDF, 800 KB, 77 pages

Details

Decision letter and Inspector’s Report for a recovered appeal for the construction of a solar farm, together with all associated work, equipment and necessary infrastructure. Land located to the south-east of Bottesford, comprising land to the south of the A52, to the west of Easthorpe Lane and Muston village, to the north of the Grantham Canal, to the east of the Winter Beck, and accessed from, and including land to the east of, Castle View Road.

Updates to this page

Published 25 February 2025

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MIL OSI United Kingdom –

February 26, 2025

Category: Politics

Recovered appeal: Great Sike Road, Old Malton, Malton, YO17 6SB (ref: 3342002 – 25 February 2025)

Applies to England

Documents

Details

Updates to this page

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IMF Communications Department

MEDIA RELATIONS

What’s in place

Some answers

Instead of a new law, this is what’s needed

What’s in place

Some answers

Instead of a new law, this is what’s needed

New public procurement rules to drive growth, opportunities for small businesses and exclude suppliers that fail to deliver

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Updates to this page

Summary

IMF Communications Department

MEDIA RELATIONS

Scientific and educational forum “Talent Summit” in Abu Dhabi

Scientific and educational forum “Talent Summit” in Abu Dhabi

Scientific and educational forum “Talent Summit” in Abu Dhabi

Scientific and educational forum “Talent Summit” in Abu Dhabi

Recovered appeal: land located to the south-east of Bottesford (ref: 3340258 – 25 February 2025)

Applies to England

Documents

Details

Updates to this page

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