Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –
Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –
On April 1, an exhibition based on the materials of the project “Book of Hero Monuments of Moscow” opened on Tsvetnoy Boulevard. The event, timed to coincide with the celebration of the 80th anniversary of the Great Victory, was organized by the capital’s Department of Cultural Heritage.
“The exhibition includes 14 original stories about Moscow buildings and monuments that suffered from military action or played a special role during the Great Patriotic War, and more than 100 unique photographs, letters and documents from that time. The exhibition, timed to coincide with the celebration of a significant date – the 80th anniversary of the Great Victory, will last until April 14 inclusive. We invite everyone to visit it and get acquainted with unique stories about such architectural monuments as the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve, the Ostankino Museum-Estate, the Sandunov Baths and others,” said the head of the Moscow City Department of Cultural Heritage.
Project “Book of Hero Monuments of Moscow”
The Moscow City Government has begun implementing the “Book of Hero Monuments of Moscow” project. Department of Cultural Heritage in 2021, on the 80th anniversary of the Battle of Moscow. Its main idea is to tell that there were not only people on the front lines. Moscow buildings also became participants in the hostilities. Some of them still bear traces of enemy bombing. Events that influenced the course of the war took place within the walls of these houses.
Each entry in the publication includes the author’s story and archival illustrative materials – everything that can tell in as much detail as possible about the hero monument. Anyone can help in creating the book of memory: an application containing the history of the building can be submitted on the project website. www. pamyatniki-geroi.rf
Theaters and museums are heroes
Residents and organizations share their stories, including the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, whose façade still bears traces of shrapnel from a nearby bomb, the Vakhtangov State Academic Theater, whose building was almost completely destroyed during the first bombing of Moscow, and the Bolshoi Theater, which was damaged during one of the air raids.
When the Nazi troops began their offensive on Moscow in 1941, it became clear that the building of the Red Army Theatre (now the Central Academic Theatre of the Russian Army) was an extremely successful target and landmark for enemy aircraft. There is no documentary evidence to support this, but they said that each beam of the building in the shape of a five-pointed star pointed in the direction of Moscow’s largest transport hubs – Belorussky, Savelovsky and Rizhsky railway stations, Komsomolskaya Square, and the fifth – to the center of the capital.
Employees from all the theatre’s workshops took part in camouflaging the building: actors, prop masters, carpenters and fitters. They sewed nets, painted walls and models. The first control observations were conducted during the work, and the third – upon its completion. From a height of 2.5 thousand meters when approaching from the east, the theatre building was identified only when the plane was almost above the object. And before camouflage, it could be seen 30-40 kilometers from the capital.
To enhance the camouflage effect, the roofs of nearby houses were repainted, the pond in the Catherine Garden was drained, and models of buildings were installed in the passage between the park and the theater. Thus, from above, the square and nearby buildings began to look like a residential village with houses, sheds, and trees.
Heroic Estates
During the war, the only female sniper school in the USSR was located on the territory of the Kuskovo estate. It graduated more than two thousand female snipers. Two graduates of the school, Tatyana Baramzina and Aliya Moldagulova, were posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
In addition to the sniper training center, the former Sheremetev estate housed the Central Experimental Kennel of Military-Sports Dog Breeding, created in 1924 to conduct experiments on the use of dogs in military affairs. In 1934, the institution was renamed the Central School of Communications, Dog Breeding, and Pigeon Breeding. During the Great Patriotic War, it regularly sent its teams to the front. Mine-detecting dogs discovered about four million mines, landmines, and other explosive devices, and sapper handlers defused them. Mine-detecting dog units participated in demining Belgorod, Kyiv, Odessa, Novgorod, Vitebsk, and Budapest.
Life at another estate, Ostankino, also changed completely on June 22, 1941. All the most valuable exhibits were taken out of the wooden palace and into the stone building of the 17th-century estate church. Only the large palace chandeliers had to be left in place, as they could not be hidden in the church vaults. All the crystal decorations were removed from them, as they would inevitably have broken during the bombing.
To avoid attracting attention from above, the palace was also camouflaged. Different parts of the building were painted in different colors so that at night, when raids most often occurred, the palace would give the impression of several separate buildings.
Moscow to Perpetuate Memory of Five Heroes Who Participated in the WarThe project “Book of Hero Monuments of Moscow” has been expanded with new stories
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