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Category: Africa

  • MIL-OSI Africa: World Health Organization (WHO) calls for renewed commitment to eradicate tuberculosis

    Source: Africa Press Organisation – English (2) – Report:

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    On World Tuberculosis Day, March 24, the World Health Organization (WHO) encourages Member States to step up their commitment and investments to accelerate progress in the fight against tuberculosis (TB) and safeguard public health.

    In 2023, TB regained its dismal title as the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. The WHO African Region is particularly affected, with 2.5 million new cases and 404,000 deaths – equivalent to one life lost every 78 seconds.

    Dr. Nzuzi Katondi, WHO TB officer in Angola, said that the WHO congratulates the Angolan government for its dedicated efforts to eliminate TB and encourages it to continue accelerating initiatives and to quickly adopt the new WHO recommendations to end the suffering and deaths of Angolan citizens due to TB.

    “The coverage of TB services in Angola has seen a remarkable improvement from 2018 to 2023, thanks to WHO’s support in the implementation and revision of the National TB Control Strategic Plan (PEN TB) 2018-2022 and the development of the new TB Strategic Plan (PEN TB 2023-2027),” said Dr. Katondi. He added: “WHO strongly encourages the government to accelerate crucial actions to end TB and safeguard public health. This includes expanding rapid diagnosis and treatment services into communities, systematizing screening, ensuring patient-centered TB care, and strengthening the primary health care network.”

    Despite the ongoing efforts, Angola remains one of the 20 countries most affected by TB worldwide, with an annual average of more than 65,000 new cases over the last five years. This underlines the urgent need to strengthen joint action to overcome the persistent challenges in the fight against TB and protect the health of the population.

    To strengthen initiatives against TB and end the suffering of families, the WHO calls on governments to implement five key measures: (a) closing the TB funding gap by increasing national investments, (b) strengthening surveillance and data systems to improve case detection and treatment outcomes, (c) expanding access to rapid diagnostic tools and innovative treatment regimens, (d) engaging communities to ensure patient-centered TB care, and (e) addressing the social determinants of TB, including poverty, malnutrition and inadequate access to healthcare.

    TB is one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases, but it can be prevented and cured. At the second United Nations high-level meeting on tuberculosis in September 2023, world leaders reaffirmed their commitment to ending the tuberculosis epidemic by 2030. The WHO, therefore, encourages high-level leadership, increased investment, the adoption of innovations, accelerated action, and multisectoral and cross-country collaboration to combat the tuberculosis epidemic and realize the commitments made. 

    “The coverage of TB services in Angola has seen a remarkable improvement from 2018 to 2023, thanks to WHO’s support in the implementation and revision of the National TB Control Strategic Plan (PEN TB) 2018-2022 and the development of the new TB Strategic Plan (PEN TB 2023-2027),” said Dr. Katondi. He added: “WHO strongly encourages the government to accelerate crucial actions to end TB and safeguard public health. This includes expanding rapid diagnosis and treatment services into communities, systematizing screening, ensuring patient-centered TB care, and strengthening the primary health care network.”

    Despite the ongoing efforts, Angola remains one of the 20 countries most affected by TB worldwide, with an annual average of more than 65,000 new cases over the last five years. This underlines the urgent need to strengthen joint action to overcome the persistent challenges in the fight against TB and protect the health of the population.

    Distributed by APO Group on behalf of World Health Organization (WHO) – Angola.

    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI United Nations: Secretary-General’s remarks to the Security Council – Advancing Adaptability in UN Peace Operations: responding to new realities [bilingual, as delivered; scroll down for all-English and all-French versions]

    Source: United Nations secretary general

    Mr. President, Excellencies,
     
    I thank the government of Denmark for convening this high-level discussion.

    United Nations peace operations safeguard people and communities in some of the most desperate places on earth. 

    These operations comprise both peacekeeping operations and special political missions.

    Their work ranges from early warning to preventive diplomacy…

    From peacemaking to verifying peace agreements to protecting civilians…

    From negotiating ceasefires to helping parties implement them on the ground…

    To electoral support and observer missions.

    Collectively, these operations represent a critical tool at this Council’s disposal to maintain international peace and security in a variety of contexts.

    Since the first special political mission and peacekeeping operation were deployed in 1948, our peace operations have grown, adapted and evolved.

    Time and again, they allow us to mount tailored responses that have saved lives, reduced violence, prevented the expansion and spillover of deadly conflicts, and stopped atrocities.

    Peace operations are designed not only to be an effective example of multilateralism in action — but a cost-effective one.

    At their best, they show how when the UN comes together to address challenges, the burden is diminished on individual countries alone.  

    But as we all know, peace operations face serious barriers that demand new approaches.

    Wars are becoming more complex and more deadly. 

    They last longer, and are more enmeshed in global and regional dynamics. 

    Negotiated settlements have been harder to achieve.

    Meanwhile, our peace operations are confronted with a complex interplay of threats — many of which do not respect national borders.

    Terror and extremist groups, organized crime, the weaponization of new technologies, and the effects of climate change are all testing our capacities to respond.

    And, I regret to say, geopolitical divisions are undermining peace.

    The bilateral and multilateral arrangements that — for decades — have managed tensions and maintained stability are eroding.  

    Violations of international law, human rights and the UN Charter are rampant — seemingly without consequence.

    Trust is in short supply among — and within — countries and regions.

    All of these challenges and more throw fuel on the fires of conflict.

    Meanwhile, our peace responses are struggling.  

    We see a persistent mismatch between mandates and available resources.

    And we see increasing differences of views — including in this Council itself — around how peace operations should work, under what circumstances, with what mandates they should be deployed, and for how long.

    Excellencies,

    This is a grim diagnosis, but we must face facts.

    The good news is that, through the Pact for the Future, Member States committed to working to adapt peace operations for the future.

    This is an important opportunity to gain a shared understanding of what makes peace operations successful …

    What is hindering their effectiveness …

    And what new models we can use to make them more adaptable, flexible and resilient — while recognizing the limitations in situations where there is little or no peace to keep. 

    My recent proposals to you in the context of Haiti are a good example.

    We must keep working for a political process — owned and led by the Haitian people — that restores democratic institutions through elections.

    And the UN has a clear role to play in supporting stability and security, while addressing the root causes of the appalling crisis.

    The UN stands ready to assume the responsibility of the logistical and operational expenditures — including transportation, medical capabilities and support for the national police — that can support an enhanced international force by Member States that is able to confront the gangs in Haiti and create conditions for peace.   

    And the salaries of the force are paid through the trust fund that already exists.

    This is a good example of how we can design a tailored and collective approach to peace operations in an extremely complex and dangerous environment. 

    Other examples of adapting our peace operations include UNIFIL, which recently developed an adaptation plan to support the parties to uphold their obligations under resolution 1701…

    And our operations in Abyei, Sudan, where we reconfigured our peace operations into a multinational force.

    We also increasingly see the enormous benefits of strengthening cooperation with regional and subregional organizations.

    Security Council resolution 2719 is an important example.

    This breakthrough has lifted our partnership with the African Union to a new level as we work to establish peace enforcement missions under the responsibility of the African Union, supported by the United Nations.

    We are now working actively across our two Secretariats to meet the vision of the resolution, and I urge Council Members to fully support this work.

    Excellencies,

    It’s time to build on these examples and continue adapting our peace operations for current and future challenges. 

    Work is now underway to review all forms of peace operations, as requested by Member States in the Pact for the Future.

    The review will aim to critically examine these tools and propose concrete recommendations to make them fit for today.

    This will include extensive consultations with Member States and others to inform — and inspire — recommendations.

    The review will build on the analysis presented in the New Agenda for Peace.

    It will be informed by the first comprehensive study of the history of special political missions in the 80 years of the United Nations, which will be released soon.

    And it will reflect the Pact’s call to ensure that peace operations engage at the earliest possible stage in planning transitions with host countries, UN Country Teams and local and regional groups.

    The review also aligns with the Pact’s call to this Council to ensure that peace operations are guided by clear and sequenced mandates that are realistic and achievable — with viable exit strategies and transition plans.

    And it will draw on the discussions taking place in preparation for the Peacekeeping Ministerial in Berlin in May focusing on the future of peacekeeping.

    Excellences,

    Tout au long de l’étude, nous mènerons des consultations approfondies afin de recueillir un éventail de vues aussi large que possible et de bénéficier d’une expertise mondiale.

    Celle des États Membres, des pays hôtes, des pays fournisseurs de contingents ou de personnel de police et des contributeurs financiers…

    Celle des organisations régionales, de la société civile et des milieux universitaires, ainsi que de nos propres hauts responsables et experts des opérations de paix des Nations Unies et du Secrétariat.

    Bien entendu, l’étude contribuera à éclairer les efforts que nous déployons dans le cadre de l’initiative ONU80, afin de dégager des gains d’efficacité et des améliorations dans tous nos axes de travail – compte tenu des défis persistants de financement auxquels notre Organisation est confrontée.

    Excellences,

    Le débat public d’aujourd’hui est une occasion précieuse pour le Conseil de partager toute idée et point de vue qui pourrait contribuer à l’étude.

    J’invite tous les États Membres à apporter leur pierre à l’édifice.

    Et j’appelle ce Conseil à continuer à œuvrer pour surmonter les divisions et les désaccords entourant les opérations de paix, et bâtir le soutien politique unifié et cohérent dont nos opérations de paix – et les femmes et les hommes qui les mènent – ont tant besoin.

    Je vous remercie.

    ***
    All-English

    Mr. President, Excellencies,
     
    I thank the government of Denmark for convening this high-level discussion.

    United Nations peace operations safeguard people and communities in some of the most desperate places on earth. 

    These operations comprise both peacekeeping operations and special political missions.

    Their work ranges from early warning to preventive diplomacy…

    From peacemaking to verifying peace agreements to protecting civilians…

    From negotiating ceasefires to helping parties implement them on the ground…

    To electoral support and observer missions.

    Collectively, these operations represent a critical tool at this Council’s disposal to maintain international peace and security in a variety of contexts.

    Since the first special political mission and peacekeeping operation were deployed in 1948, our peace operations have grown, adapted and evolved.

    Time and again, they allow us to mount tailored responses that have saved lives, reduced violence, prevented the expansion and spillover of deadly conflicts, and stopped atrocities.

    Peace operations are designed not only to be an effective example of multilateralism in action — but a cost-effective one.

    At their best, they show how when the UN comes together to address challenges, the burden is diminished on individual countries alone.  

    But as we all know, peace operations face serious barriers that demand new approaches.

    Wars are becoming more complex and more deadly. 

    They last longer, and are more enmeshed in global and regional dynamics. 

    Negotiated settlements have been harder to achieve.

    Meanwhile, our peace operations are confronted with a complex interplay of threats — many of which do not respect national borders.

    Terror and extremist groups, organized crime, the weaponization of new technologies, and the effects of climate change are all testing our capacities to respond.

    And, I regret to say, geopolitical divisions are undermining peace.

    The bilateral and multilateral arrangements that — for decades — have managed tensions and maintained stability are eroding.  

    Violations of international law, human rights and the UN Charter are rampant — seemingly without consequence.

    Trust is in short supply among — and within — countries and regions.

    All of these challenges and more throw fuel on the fires of conflict.

    Meanwhile, our peace responses are struggling.  

    We see a persistent mismatch between mandates and available resources.

    And we see increasing differences of views — including in this Council itself — around how peace operations should work, under what circumstances, with what mandates they should be deployed, and for how long.

    Excellencies,

    This is a grim diagnosis, but we must face facts.

    The good news is that, through the Pact for the Future, Member States committed to working to adapt peace operations for the future.

    This is an important opportunity to gain a shared understanding of what makes peace operations successful …

    What is hindering their effectiveness …

    And what new models we can use to make them more adaptable, flexible and resilient — while recognizing the limitations in situations where there is little or no peace to keep. 

    My recent proposals to you in the context of Haiti are a good example.

    We must keep working for a political process — owned and led by the Haitian people — that restores democratic institutions through elections.

    And the UN has a clear role to play in supporting stability and security, while addressing the root causes of the appalling crisis.

    The UN stands ready to assume the responsibility of the logistical and operational expenditures — including transportation, medical capabilities and support for the national police — that can support an international force established by Member States that is able to confront the gangs in Haiti and create conditions for peace.   

    And the salaries of the force are paid through the trust fund that already exists.

    This is a good example of how we can design a tailored and collective approach to peace operations in an extremely complex and dangerous environment. 

    Other examples of adapting our peace operations include UNIFIL, which recently developed an adaptation plan to support the parties to uphold their obligations under resolution 1701…

    And our operations in Abyei, Sudan, where we reconfigured our peace operations into a multinational force.

    We also increasingly see the enormous benefits of strengthening cooperation with regional and subregional organizations.

    Security Council resolution 2719 is an important example.

    This breakthrough has lifted our partnership with the African Union to a new level as we work to establish peace enforcement missions under the responsibility of the African Union, supported by the United Nations.

    We are now working actively across our two Secretariats to meet the vision of the resolution, and I urge Council Members to fully support this work.

    Excellencies,

    It’s time to build on these examples and continue adapting our peace operations for current and future challenges. 

    Work is now underway to review all forms of peace operations, as requested by Member States in the Pact for the Future.

    The review will aim to critically examine these tools and propose concrete recommendations to make them fit for today.

    This will include extensive consultations with Member States and others to inform — and inspire — recommendations.

    The review will build on the analysis presented in the New Agenda for Peace.

    It will be informed by the first comprehensive study of the history of special political missions in the 80 years of the United Nations, which will be released soon.

    And it will reflect the Pact’s call to ensure that peace operations engage at the earliest possible stage in planning transitions with host countries, UN Country Teams and local and regional groups.

    The review also aligns with the Pact’s call to this Council to ensure that peace operations are guided by clear and sequenced mandates that are realistic and achievable — with viable exit strategies and transition plans.

    And it will draw on the discussions taking place in preparation for the Peacekeeping Ministerial in Berlin in May focusing on the future of peacekeeping.

    Excellencies,

    Throughout, we will hold extensive consultations to capture as wide a spectrum of views as possible and to benefit from worldwide expertise.

    From Member States, host States, troop- and police-contributing countries and financial contributors…

    To regional organizations, civil society and academia, and our own leaders and experts within UN peace operations and the Secretariat.

    And the review will, of course, help inform our efforts through our UN@80 initiative, to find efficiencies and improvements across our work in light of the continued funding challenges we face as an organization.  

    Excellencies,

    Today’s open debate provides a vital opportunity for the Council to share perspectives and ideas to inform the review process.

    I urge all Members to support it.

    And I call on this Council to continue working to overcome divisions and disagreements around peace operations, and build the unified and consistent political support our peace operations — and the women and men who conduct them — need and deserve.

    Thank you.

    ***
    All-French

    Monsieur le Président, Excellences,

    Je remercie le Gouvernement danois d’avoir organisé ce débat de haut niveau.

    Les opérations de paix des Nations unies protègent les personnes et les communautés dans certains des endroits les plus éprouvés de la planète. 

    Ces opérations comprennent à la fois les opérations de maintien de la paix et les missions politiques spéciales.

    Leur travail va de l’alerte rapide à diplomatie préventive…

    Du rétablissement de la paix à la vérification de l’application des accords de paix et de la protection des civils…

    De la négociation de cessez-le-feu au soutien de leur mise en œuvre par les parties sur le terrain…

    Ou encore aux missions d’observation et d’appui électoral.

    Prises ensemble, ces opérations dotent le Conseil d’un outil essentiel pour maintenir la paix et la sécurité internationales dans divers contextes.

    Depuis le déploiement de la première mission politique spéciale et de la première opération de maintien de la paix en 1948, nos opérations de paix se sont développées, adaptées et transformées.

    Elles nous permettent régulièrement d’intervenir de façon ciblée pour sauver des vies, réduire la violence, enrayer l’élargissement et le débordement de conflits meurtriers, et mettre fin à des atrocités.

    Les opérations de paix sont conçues pour démontrer non seulement l’efficacité du multilatéralisme en action mais aussi son intérêt en termes de coûts.

    Dans le meilleur des cas, elles montrent qu’il est possible d’alléger le fardeau qui pèse sur chaque pays individuellement lorsque les Nations Unies se rallient pour agir.

    Toutefois, comme nous le savons tous, les opérations de paix se heurtent à des obstacles de taille, et de nouvelles approches s’imposent.

    Les guerres deviennent plus complexes et plus meurtrières.

    Elles durent plus longtemps et sont davantage imbriquées dans des dynamiques mondiales et régionales.

    Il est plus difficile de parvenir à des règlements négociés.

    Parallèlement, un entrelacs complexe de menaces, dont beaucoup transcendent les frontières nationales, se dresse face aux opérations de paix.

    Les groupes terroristes et extrémistes, la criminalité organisée, la militarisation des nouvelles technologies et les effets des changements climatiques sont autant de phénomènes qui mettent à l’épreuve nos capacités d’intervention.

    Et – je suis navré de le constater – les divisions géopolitiques sapent la paix.

    Les accords bilatéraux et multilatéraux qui, pendant des décennies, avaient permis de maîtriser les tensions et de préserver la stabilité s’érodent.

    Les violations du droit international, des droits humains et de la Charte des Nations Unies sont légion – sans que cela ne porte à conséquence, semble-t-il.

    La confiance se fait rare entre les pays, entre les régions, et à l’intérieur de ceux-ci.

    Tous ces dangers, et bien d’autres encore, attisent la flamme des conflits.

    De notre côté, nos interventions en faveur de la paix sont à la peine.

    Nous constatons une asymétrie persistante entre les mandats confiés et les ressources disponibles.

    Et nous constatons des divergences de vues de plus en plus marquées – y compris au sein même de ce Conseil – sur les modalités de fonctionnement des opérations de paix, les circonstances justifiant leur déploiement, la teneur de leur mandat et leur durée.

    Excellences,

    Le diagnostic peut paraître sombre, mais il correspond à la réalité.

    La bonne nouvelle est que les États Membres se sont engagés dans le Pacte pour l’avenir à adapter les opérations de paix pour l’avenir.

    Voilà une occasion privilégiée de dégager une réponse commune aux questions suivantes : quelles sont les conditions de réussite des opérations de paix ?

    Quels obstacles se dressent sur le chemin ?

    Et quels nouveaux modèles nous pouvons appliquer afin de les rendre plus adaptables, plus souples et plus résilientes – tout en reconnaissant les cas limites où l’on sait qu’il y a peu ou pas de paix à maintenir.

    Les propositions que je vous ai faites récemment dans le contexte d’Haïti en sont une bonne illustration.

    Nous devons continuer d’œuvrer en faveur d’un processus politique – maîtrisé et conduit par le peuple haïtien – qui rétablisse les institutions démocratiques par la voie électorale.

    L’ONU a un rôle clair à jouer pour appuyer la stabilité et la sécurité, tout en s’attaquant aux causes profondes de cette crise effroyable.

    L’ONU est prête à assumer la responsabilité des dépenses logistiques et opérationnelles – y compris le transport, les capacités médicales et le soutien envers la police nationale – qui peuvent appuyer une force internationale renforcée par les États membres, qui soit capable de faire face aux gangs en Haïti et de créer les conditions de la paix.

    Les salaires de la force quant à eux sont couverts par le fonds d’affectation spéciale qui existe déjà.

    Nous avons là un bon exemple de la manière dont nous pouvons concevoir une approche adaptée et collective des opérations de paix dans un environnement extrêmement complexe et dangereux.

    Parmi les autres exemples d’adaptation de nos opérations de paix, citons la FINUL, qui a récemment élaboré un plan d’adaptation pour aider les parties à respecter les obligations que leur fait la résolution 1701.

    On peut également évoquer nos opérations à Abyei, au Soudan, où nous avons reconfiguré nos opérations de paix en une force multinationale.

    Nous prenons également de plus en plus la mesure des avantages considérables que présente le renforcement de la collaboration avec les organisations régionales et sous-régionales.

    La résolution 2719 du Conseil de sécurité revêt une importance certaine à cet égard.

    Cette avancée a porté notre partenariat avec l’Union africaine à un niveau supérieur, alors que nous œuvrons à la mise en place de missions d’imposition de la paix sous la responsabilité de l’Union africaine, avec le soutien des Nations unies.

    Nos deux Secrétariats travaillent désormais activement à concrétiser la vision énoncée dans la résolution, et j’invite les membres du Conseil à y apporter leur plein concours.

    Excellences,

    Il est temps de s’inspirer de ces exemples et de continuer à adapter nos opérations de paix aux défis actuels et futurs. 

    Des travaux sont en cours pour réexaminer toutes les formes d’opérations de paix, comme l’ont demandé les États Membres dans le Pacte pour l’avenir.

    L’objectif est de procéder à un examen critique de ces outils et de proposer des recommandations concrètes afin de les adapter au monde d’aujourd’hui.

    Il s’agira notamment de mener des consultations approfondies avec les États Membres et d’autres parties prenantes afin de nourrir – et d’inspirer – ces recommandations.

    L’étude fera fond sur l’analyse présentée dans le Nouvel Agenda pour la paix.

    Elle prendra pour appui l’étude d’ensemble de l’histoire des missions politiques spéciales, la première effectuée en 80 ans d’existence de l’ONU, qui sera publiée prochainement.

    Elle se fera aussi l’écho de l’appel lancé dans le Pacte pour veiller à ce que les opérations de paix s’engagent le plus tôt possible dans la planification des transitions avec les pays hôtes, l’équipe de pays des Nations Unies et les groupes locaux et régionaux.

    L’étude s’inscrit également dans le sillage de la demande qui est adressée au Conseil dans le Pacte pour que les opérations de paix soient guidées par des mandats clairs et séquencés, réalistes et réalisables, ainsi que des stratégies de sortie et des plans de transition viables.

    Elle s’appuiera enfin sur les discussions qui se tiennent en préparation de la Conférence ministérielle sur le maintien de la paix qui aura lieu à Berlin en mai et qui sera consacrée à l’avenir du maintien de la paix.

    Excellences,

    Tout au long de l’étude, nous mènerons des consultations approfondies afin de recueillir un éventail de vues aussi large que possible et de bénéficier d’une expertise mondiale.

    Celle des États Membres, des pays hôtes, des pays fournisseurs de contingents ou de personnel de police et des contributeurs financiers…

    Celle des organisations régionales, de la société civile et des milieux universitaires, ainsi que de nos propres hauts responsables et experts des opérations de paix des Nations Unies et du Secrétariat.

    Bien entendu, l’étude contribuera à éclairer les efforts que nous déployons dans le cadre de l’initiative ONU80, afin de dégager des gains d’efficacité et des améliorations dans tous nos axes de travail – compte tenu des défis persistants de financement auxquels notre Organisation est confrontée.

    Excellences,

    Le débat public d’aujourd’hui est une occasion précieuse pour le Conseil de partager toute idée et point de vue qui pourrait contribuer à l’étude.

    J’invite tous les États Membres à apporter leur pierre à l’édifice.

    Et j’appelle ce Conseil à continuer à œuvrer pour surmonter les divisions et les désaccords entourant les opérations de paix, et bâtir le soutien politique unifié et cohérent dont nos opérations de paix – et les femmes et les hommes qui les mènent – ont tant besoin.

    Je vous remercie.
     

    MIL OSI United Nations News –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Global: 1.5 million-year-old bone tools discovered in Tanzania rewrite the history of human evolution

    Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Jackson K Njau, Associate professor, Indiana University

    The ancestors of humans started making tools about 3.3 million years ago. First they made them out of stone, then they switched to bone as a raw material. Until recently, the earliest clear evidence of bone tool making was from sites in Europe, dated to 400,000 years ago. But archaeologists have now found and dated bone tools in Tanzania that are a million years older.

    The tools are made from the bones of large animals like hippos and elephants, and have been deliberately shaped to make them useful for butchering large carcasses.

    The discovery of bone implements that are the oldest ever found, by far, casts light on human evolution. It shows that our hominin ancestors were able to think about and make this technology a lot earlier than anyone realised.

    I am a scientist who co-directs a multidisciplinary research project team at the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, focusing on hominin evolution. Our project’s main goal has been to investigate the changes in hominin technology and behaviour that happened between 1.66 million and 1.4 million years ago.

    We’re interested in this time period because it marks a pivotal change in human technology, from the rudimentary stone knives and cores of the Oldowan culture to the more advanced crafted stone handaxes of the Acheulean culture.

    We found the Olduvai bone tools in 2018 and recently described them in the journal Nature. They show that by 1.5 million years ago, our ancestors (Homo erectus) had already developed the cognitive abilities required to transfer skills from making stone tools to making bone tools.

    This leap in human history was a game-changer because it allowed early hominins to overcome survival challenges in landscapes where suitable stone materials were scarce.

    Tools at Olduvai

    Olduvai Gorge is a Unesco World Heritage site. It became well known in 1959 through the pioneering work of palaeontologists Louis and Mary Leakey, whose discoveries of early human remains reshaped our understanding of human evolution. The site offers an unparalleled window into human history, spanning nearly 2 million years.




    Read more:
    Finds in Tanzania’s Olduvai Gorge reveal how ancient humans adapted to change


    Aside from fossilised bones, it has yielded the most detailed record of stone tool cultures in the world. It has documented the evolution from the simple chopping tools and stone knives of the Oldowan industry (about 2 million years ago) to the more advanced Acheulean tools (1.7 million years ago), such as handaxes, cleavers, picks and spheroids and then on – through arrowheads, points and blades (about 200,000 years ago) to the micro-blades of the Later Stone Age (about 17,000 years ago).

    All these tools provide a glimpse into the ingenuity and cultural advancements of our early ancestors.

    And now the picture has new detail.

    Our team uncovered 27 ancient bone tools during excavations at the T69 Complex, FLK West site at Olduvai. We know how old they are because we found them securely embedded underground where they had been left 1.5 million years ago, along with thousands of stone artefacts and fossilised bones. We dated them using geochronological techniques.

    Unlike stone, bone shafts crack and break in a way that allows the systematic production of elongated, well-shaped artifacts. Flaking them by hitting them with another object – a process called knapping – results in pointed tools that would be ideal for butchering, chopping and other tasks.

    The knapped tools we found were made from large shaft fragments that came from the limb bones of elephants and hippos, and were found at hippo butchery sites. Hominins likely brought elephant bones to the site on a regular basis, and obtained limb bones from butchered hippos at the site itself.

    What Homo erectus knew

    The find shows that 1.5 million years ago, Homo erectus could apply knapping skills to bone. Homo erectus, regarded as the evolutionary successor to the smaller-brained Homo habilis, left a lasting imprint on history. Its fossils, found at Olduvai, offer a glimpse into a span of about a million years, stretching from 1.5 million to roughly 500,000 years ago.

    Now we know that these hominins not only understood the physical properties of bones but also knew about skeletal anatomy. They could identify and select bones suitable for flaking. And they knew which animals had skeletons large enough to craft reliable tools after the animals’ death.




    Read more:
    Large mammals shaped the evolution of humans: here’s why it happened in Africa


    We don’t know exactly why they chose bones as a raw material. It may have been that suitable stone material was scarce, or they recognised that bones provided a better grip and were more durable.

    Why haven’t such old bone tools been found before? The answer is likely that they are destroyed by weathering, abrasion from water transport, trampling and scavenger activity. Organic materials don’t always get time to fossilise. Also, analysts were not used to looking for bone tools among fossils.

    This discovery will likely encourage researchers to pay closer attention to the subtle signs of bone knapping in fossil assemblages. This way we will learn more about the evolution of human technology and behaviour.

    Jackson K Njau does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. 1.5 million-year-old bone tools discovered in Tanzania rewrite the history of human evolution – https://theconversation.com/1-5-million-year-old-bone-tools-discovered-in-tanzania-rewrite-the-history-of-human-evolution-251826

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Global: Nigerian journalists are harassed by the public, the state and paid ‘data boys’ – what must change

    Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Temple Uwalaka, Lecturer in Communication and Media Studies, University of Canberra

    Death threats, kidnapping, unlawful detention, torture and assassination are some of the crimes being committed against journalists in Nigeria, according to a recent report. Another recent report details how the police and politicians are responsible for 70% of these harassment cases.

    They point to the increased level of threats that Nigerian journalists endure in their fourth estate role, serving as the voice of the people and holding government to account.

    This isn’t new. The harassment of journalists is baked into Nigerian history. But today journalists are also attracting online threats and harassment from members of the public.

    I teach and research media and politics, with a focus on online journalism in Nigeria. What’s clear is that the digital age has brought with it a complex relationship not just between journalists and the state, but also with citizens.

    All these parties need to turn down the heat, in the interests of free and fair information, particularly in a young democracy like Nigeria.

    A long history of violence

    The history of Nigerian journalism is characterised by violence from British colonial powers, from 1859 when the first newspaper was established, and also from indigenous politicians. There’s always been a suspicion that a free press could empower ordinary citizens and cause a shift in the power base.

    This isn’t unfounded. Journalism contributed to ending colonialism. But, after independence in 1960, the political class feared that an unfettered press would be difficult to control. Particularly when the country came under oppressive military rule from 1966 to 1999.

    There was always a fair amount of goodwill towards the press from citizens. But the ownership and control of major media houses by prominent Nigerian politicians, alongside the rise of social media, has changed the picture.

    The public used to act as the buffer for journalists, defending them from the attacks of government officials. Now some Nigerians have joined in attacking and harassing journalists in Nigeria.

    Online harassment

    We know that journalists in Nigeria under-report the harassment they receive. Many don’t view acute forms of harassment – verbal abuse, online disrespect and maltreatment – as an issue. One of our studies found they regard this as mere online banter, verbal sparring and attention seeking. But dismissing harassment doesn’t make it go away or stop. It just makes it worse in frequency and form.




    Read more:
    Threats to press freedom are taking on different forms across Africa


    Our studies indicate that online harassment of journalists is prevalent and escalating. This type of harassment is usually sustained and it often moves from one social media platform to another.

    In some cases, it spills from online to offline. The burning of the Television Continental station in Lagos in 2020 is just one example. The harassment is usually personal. Threats to the lives and safety of journalists are becoming common.

    Data Boys and corruption

    Nigerian journalists have reported that the harassers particularly target investigative and political reports, as well as perceived unethical conduct by journalists.

    The result is that political reporting is becoming difficult. A critical report about a politician makes the journalist an enemy of the politician. The politician will then unleash their supporters and paid influencers (known as “Data Boys”) to harass and hassle the journalist.

    The Data Boys phenomenon as we know it today began during Nigeria’s 2015 general elections. Data Boys are groups of young people on a politician’s payroll. They help to promote the politician’s image online and generally do their bidding. The politician sends them money to buy internet data and shares promotional “news” about themself. The Data Boys are also paid to attack any perceived enemy of the politician.

    It’s an increasingly successful political tactic in Nigeria. As a result, journalists have started censoring themselves.

    Data Boys aside, we asked ordinary Nigerians who reported engaging in online harassment why they picked on journalists. They indicated that perceived journalistic malpractice was their main reason. They accused journalists of being part of the problem because they believed many were corrupt and in the pay of politicians. Adding fuel to the fire is that Nigerian politicians are also often media owners.

    Some solutions

    One of the reasons that a culture of harassment continues is the failure of law enforcement. Those who harass journalists are not made to account for their actions. Strengthening harassment laws in Nigeria would give law enforcement the tools needed to curb it.

    There are no explicit laws around online harassment in Nigeria, just sexual and physical assault laws. This has to change if journalists are to be protected. All respondents in our studies, both journalists and the public, highlighted the law as a cardinal factor to fight harassment.

    Another solution is that journalists need to be accountable, transparent and ethical. Journalists themselves have raised these concerns about their profession.

    Yet in our studies journalists did not highlight transparency or an improved code of conduct as ways to improve the harassment situation in Nigeria.




    Read more:
    Western media outlets are trying to fix their racist, stereotypical coverage of Africa. Is it time African media did the same?


    Their detachment can come off as arrogant and has the potential to worsen hostility towards them. All the suggested solutions to online harassment made by journalists in our studies were external to them, like media sensitisation campaigns, improved workplace security and proper punishment for offenders. Their attitudes, we found, could be misconstrued as lacking self-reflection or empathy.

    Journalists, their harassers and politicians will all need to make changes or be brought to book if the problem is to be solved. Until then, online harassment is harming journalism as a profession in Nigeria. And this has the potential to have a negative impact on democracy.

    Temple Uwalaka does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Nigerian journalists are harassed by the public, the state and paid ‘data boys’ – what must change – https://theconversation.com/nigerian-journalists-are-harassed-by-the-public-the-state-and-paid-data-boys-what-must-change-252100

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Global: Diabetic foot pain: expert tips on how to cope

    Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Peter Kamerman, Professor, University of the Witwatersrand

    An estimated 1 in 10 people worldwide have diabetes. Africa is the region with the fastest growth and it’s estimated that the number of people on the continent with diabetes will more than double in the next 20 years, increasing to about 55 million people by 2045.

    Having diabetes has serious consequences for health and is associated with increased risk of developing diseases related to damage to the heart (heart attacks), blood vessels (strokes, foot ulcers), kidneys (chronic kidney failure), and the nervous system (blindness, loss of sensation).

    When it comes to nerve damage, it typically affects long nerve fibres that supply the feet and can sometimes affect fibres that supply the hands too (a so-called glove and stocking distribution).

    It is the nerve fibres that detect sensations such as touch and temperature that are often worst affected, resulting in numbness. The numbness that develops can be a nightmare for people and is often described as their “feet feeling dead”.

    A peculiarity of this numbness is that it may be accompanied by intractable pain. This type of pain, resulting from damage to sensory nerve fibres, is called neuropathic pain.

    As scientists in the field of pain and pain management we work on neuropathic pain in people living with diabetes and its management. In this article we aim to draw attention to the problem and discuss how it can be managed.

    Nerve damage

    It has been estimated that up to 50% of people with diabetes will develop damage to peripheral nerves during their lifetime, and up to 50% will experience pain because of that nerve damage.

    The predictors of developing nerve damage are well established. Older age, increased duration of diabetes, and poor control of blood glucose concentration are the main culprits. What determines whether the nerve damage is associated with pain is largely unknown.

    Neuropathic pain is often described as a “burning” pain, and is frequently
    accompanied by other sensations such as “pins and needles”, and pain that feels like stabbing, shooting, electric-like shocks, and deep aching.

    In some people there is very little or no numbness. In these people pain can often be triggered by gentle touch and movement across the skin (for example, bed sheets brushing across a foot, putting on socks), and cool and warm temperatures that are not normally felt as painful.

    Sometimes my feet will hurt really badly and I can’t get up and can hardly walk. – Anonymous patient

    Having such intractable pain has devastating consequences for quality of life.

    Pain sufferers have less social interaction with family and friends, and find it much more difficult to enjoy their favourite activities. Sleep is significantly disrupted.

    Having neuropathic pain is associated with high rates of anxiety and depression. To make matters worse, the sleep disruption, anxiety and depression may feed back into a vicious cycle to worsen and maintain the pain.

    There are days when I’d really like to go somewhere or do something and just
    don’t go. I know it will hurt. There’s no point in doing it. – Anonymous patient

    Medications to manage the pain

    Neuropathic pain is not responsive to the medications used to treat conditions such as headaches and joint pains (for example, paracetamol and ibuprofen).

    Instead, neuropathic pain is responsive to medications that in some cases are also used to treat conditions such as depression and epilepsy.

    Examples include:

    • low doses of tricyclic antidepressants (for example, amitriptyline)

    • a class of antidepressants called serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (for example, duloxetine)

    • anti-seizure drugs like gabapentinoids (for example, gabapentin and pregabalin).

    However, there is very little information to guide doctors to predict which drug will work best for a patient.

    So, often finding the correct treatment is a trial-and-error approach, which can be frustrating for both patients and doctors.

    Coping mechanisms

    Chronic pain management is also about teaching people to cope with their pain so that they get back to enjoying their lives and are no longer consumed by the pain.

    Such interventions include the practice of mindfulness, cognitive behavioural therapy, and other self-management activities specifically designed for people with chronic pain.

    With the rapidly growing number of individuals with diabetes, it is more important than ever that we detect and treat the pain caused by nerve fibre damage.

    Public education and increased awareness of this painful consequence of diabetes will hopefully encourage affected people to seek early medical attention, thus allowing management of the condition, maintaining well-being and restoring function.

    Peter Kamerman receives funding from the National Research Foundation of South Africa. He is the sole proprietor of Blueprint Analytics, and consults for Partners in Research.

    Andreas C Themistocleous receives funding from UK Medical Research Council.

    – ref. Diabetic foot pain: expert tips on how to cope – https://theconversation.com/diabetic-foot-pain-expert-tips-on-how-to-cope-251937

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: Home Affairs upgrades digital verification system

    Source: South Africa News Agency

    The Department of Home Affairs has announced a comprehensive upgrade to its digital verification system, a crucial component of national security, as well as both public and private sector services in South Africa.

    The verification system enables government departments, including National Treasury and the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA), as well as financial sector businesses, to confirm client identities using biometric features, such as fingerprints and facial recognition, against the National Population Register.

    In recent years, the system has, however, been plagued by inefficiencies, with users reporting a failure rate of up to 50% on these verification “hits” against the National Population Register. It also routinely took up to 24 hours for the system to respond, and when responses did arrive, they often contained errors that required manual verification.

    The Department of Home Affairs has, over the past few months, worked to resolve these errors.

    Testing has confirmed that the upgraded system is not only capable of dramatically faster performance, but that it now delivers an error rate of well below 1%. 

    The department is ready to roll out access to the upgraded verification service to all its valued clients across the public and private sectors.

    As part of ensuring the ongoing maintenance of this vastly improved system and after obtaining concurrence from the Minister of Finance, Home Affairs Minister Dr Leon Schreiber has gazetted a new set of fees associated with the use of this verification service. 

    In order to better fund the maintenance of the National Population Register, fees for the use of the Home Affairs digital verification service by private sector companies will increase for the first time in over a decade, with effect from 1 April 2025.

    However, public sector users of the service, including numerous government departments and agencies, will be unaffected by the increase, as government users remain exempted from fees. 

    This approach, according to the Department of Home Affairs, enables the department to balance the need to invest in the National Population Register, while not negatively affecting public finances.

    “The rollout of a reliable, efficient and secure verification service supports both the public and private sectors to improve service delivery. 

    “This marks the most significant upgrade to the Home Affairs verification service since it was launched and will dramatically reduce waiting times whenever a client needs to verify their identity with the Department to obtain a social grant or open a bank account. The upgrade is also of immense importance to supporting private sector economic growth,” Minister Schreiber said. 

    “When this vital Home Affairs system is down, slow, or littered with errors, it negatively impacts upon the ability of banks, insurance companies and other financial service providers to verify clients and conduct business.

    “This investment in our population register is not only overdue, but also important for delivering on the vision for digital ID, as outlined by President Cyril Ramaphosa during the State of the Nation Address, as a secure and efficient population register forms the cornerstone of digital ID.

    “The launch of the reformed verification system is further proof of the progress that Home Affairs is making on our journey of digital transformation to deliver dignity for all,” Schreiber said. – SAnews.gov.za

    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: Deputy President calls urgent action to end TB in SA

    Source: South Africa News Agency

    Despite progress made in the fight against tuberculosis (TB), Deputy President Paul Mashatile has expressed concern that South Africa still has one of the highest TB burdens globally.

    He noted that South Africa is among the 30 countries accounting for 87% of the global TB burden, highlighting that TB is preventable and curable, even for those living with HIV. 

    The Deputy President has since called for urgent action to combat this infectious disease, which claims the lives of thousands of citizens each year.

    South Africa commemorated World TB Day on Monday, focusing on the critical need to end TB in the country and across the globe. 

    “Today, we join the global community to commemorate World TB Day. We unite as a nation with a shared purpose to end tuberculosis,” said the Deputy President. 

    The Deputy President was speaking as the Chairperson of the South African National AIDS Council (SANAC) while addressing attendees at the national World TB Day event in Gamalakhe Township, Ugu District in KwaZulu-Natal.

    In 2023 alone, around 270 000 South Africans were diagnosed with TB, with 56 000 deaths, equating to 153 deaths every day.

    The Deputy President told the attendees that this day should serve as a reminder of the ongoing stigma and discrimination faced by those living with HIV and TB.

    Two years ago, he said, SANAC initiated the development of Human Rights Charters aimed at protecting the rights of key populations affected by TB and HIV. 

    While progress has been made, Deputy President Mashatile noted that some provinces are still yet to launch their charters, emphasising the need to address stigma actively.

    “TB is not merely a medical issue; it is a human rights issue. Every person, regardless of their background, deserves access to life-saving treatment,” the Deputy President stressed.

    Meanwhile, he said about 58 000 people with TB in South Africa remain undiagnosed.

    “These are our mothers, fathers, brothers, and sisters – people who deserve care and dignity. We must reach them.”

    He told the community that government was committed to maximising efforts to combat TB through four key objectives. These include raising awareness, promoting access to care, advocating for research and innovation and strengthening partnerships.

    Through these initiatives, the Deputy President said government hopes to foster improved treatment success, link diagnosed patients to necessary care and reduce stigma and discrimination within communities. 

    The Deputy President believes that collective action and commitment are imperative in the fight against this preventable and treatable disease. 

    Government also launched the End TB campaign, which aims to test five million people by the end of March next year and annually thereafter.

    “This will, in turn, result in a 29% reduction in TB incidence and a 41% reduction in TB mortality by 2035,” he said. 

    Under SANAC coordination, the Deputy President said they will embark on a mass mobilisation drive to rally all South Africans behind the End TB initiative. 

    “We will work with community leaders, traditional healers, and media platforms to spread the message that TB is preventable, treatable, and curable,” he added. – SAnews.gov.za

    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: Afreximbank Acts as Joint Global Coordinator on Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA)’s second EUR 750mn Senior Eurobond due 2028

    Source: Africa Press Organisation – English (2) – Report:

    CAIRO, Egypt, March 24, 2025/APO Group/ —

    African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank) (www.Afreximbank.com) has successfully acted as Joint Global Coordinator and Joint Lead Manager on second EUR 750 million RegS-only senior Eurobond issuance by the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (“BADEA”) due March 2028 under its existing Euro Medium-Term Note (EMTN) programme listed on London Stock Exchange.

    The bond proceeds will fund general corporate purposes including loan book growth in Sub-Saharan Africa under BADEA’s 9th Strategic Plan 2025-2029.

    BADEA is a multilateral development lending institution established in 1974 and headquartered in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.  It is owned by 18 League of Arab States (LAS) to channel development finance to 44 non-Arab Sub-Saharan African countries.

    The bond issuance was 3.0x oversubscribed by more than 60 high-quality institutional investors comprising central banks, asset managers, development finance institutions, pension funds and commercial banks from Europe, UK, Middle East, Africa and Asia. Proactive investor engagement by BADEA since debut issuance as well as market momentum enabled the issuer to upsize transaction by 50% versus original target as well as tighten credit spread by 15bps over 4-day marketing roadshow. The transaction eventually priced at 75bps over EUR mid-swaps rate with annual coupon 3.000%, thus achieving material enhancements versus debut 2024 bond issuance in terms of issuance size, credit spread and final coupon respectively.

    Afreximbank, through its Advisory and Capital Markets (ACMA) department, acted as Joint Global Coordinator and Joint Lead Manager to BADEA on this bond transaction for the second consecutive time alongside international banking partners.

    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: Nigerian journalists are harassed by the public, the state and paid ‘data boys’ – what must change

    Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Temple Uwalaka, Lecturer in Communication and Media Studies, University of Canberra

    Death threats, kidnapping, unlawful detention, torture and assassination are some of the crimes being committed against journalists in Nigeria, according to a recent report. Another recent report details how the police and politicians are responsible for 70% of these harassment cases.

    They point to the increased level of threats that Nigerian journalists endure in their fourth estate role, serving as the voice of the people and holding government to account.

    This isn’t new. The harassment of journalists is baked into Nigerian history. But today journalists are also attracting online threats and harassment from members of the public.

    I teach and research media and politics, with a focus on online journalism in Nigeria. What’s clear is that the digital age has brought with it a complex relationship not just between journalists and the state, but also with citizens.

    All these parties need to turn down the heat, in the interests of free and fair information, particularly in a young democracy like Nigeria.

    A long history of violence

    The history of Nigerian journalism is characterised by violence from British colonial powers, from 1859 when the first newspaper was established, and also from indigenous politicians. There’s always been a suspicion that a free press could empower ordinary citizens and cause a shift in the power base.

    This isn’t unfounded. Journalism contributed to ending colonialism. But, after independence in 1960, the political class feared that an unfettered press would be difficult to control. Particularly when the country came under oppressive military rule from 1966 to 1999.

    There was always a fair amount of goodwill towards the press from citizens. But the ownership and control of major media houses by prominent Nigerian politicians, alongside the rise of social media, has changed the picture.

    The public used to act as the buffer for journalists, defending them from the attacks of government officials. Now some Nigerians have joined in attacking and harassing journalists in Nigeria.

    Online harassment

    We know that journalists in Nigeria under-report the harassment they receive. Many don’t view acute forms of harassment – verbal abuse, online disrespect and maltreatment – as an issue. One of our studies found they regard this as mere online banter, verbal sparring and attention seeking. But dismissing harassment doesn’t make it go away or stop. It just makes it worse in frequency and form.


    Read more: Threats to press freedom are taking on different forms across Africa


    Our studies indicate that online harassment of journalists is prevalent and escalating. This type of harassment is usually sustained and it often moves from one social media platform to another.

    In some cases, it spills from online to offline. The burning of the Television Continental station in Lagos in 2020 is just one example. The harassment is usually personal. Threats to the lives and safety of journalists are becoming common.

    Data Boys and corruption

    Nigerian journalists have reported that the harassers particularly target investigative and political reports, as well as perceived unethical conduct by journalists.

    The result is that political reporting is becoming difficult. A critical report about a politician makes the journalist an enemy of the politician. The politician will then unleash their supporters and paid influencers (known as “Data Boys”) to harass and hassle the journalist.

    The Data Boys phenomenon as we know it today began during Nigeria’s 2015 general elections. Data Boys are groups of young people on a politician’s payroll. They help to promote the politician’s image online and generally do their bidding. The politician sends them money to buy internet data and shares promotional “news” about themself. The Data Boys are also paid to attack any perceived enemy of the politician.

    It’s an increasingly successful political tactic in Nigeria. As a result, journalists have started censoring themselves.

    Data Boys aside, we asked ordinary Nigerians who reported engaging in online harassment why they picked on journalists. They indicated that perceived journalistic malpractice was their main reason. They accused journalists of being part of the problem because they believed many were corrupt and in the pay of politicians. Adding fuel to the fire is that Nigerian politicians are also often media owners.

    Some solutions

    One of the reasons that a culture of harassment continues is the failure of law enforcement. Those who harass journalists are not made to account for their actions. Strengthening harassment laws in Nigeria would give law enforcement the tools needed to curb it.

    There are no explicit laws around online harassment in Nigeria, just sexual and physical assault laws. This has to change if journalists are to be protected. All respondents in our studies, both journalists and the public, highlighted the law as a cardinal factor to fight harassment.

    Another solution is that journalists need to be accountable, transparent and ethical. Journalists themselves have raised these concerns about their profession.

    Yet in our studies journalists did not highlight transparency or an improved code of conduct as ways to improve the harassment situation in Nigeria.


    Read more: Western media outlets are trying to fix their racist, stereotypical coverage of Africa. Is it time African media did the same?


    Their detachment can come off as arrogant and has the potential to worsen hostility towards them. All the suggested solutions to online harassment made by journalists in our studies were external to them, like media sensitisation campaigns, improved workplace security and proper punishment for offenders. Their attitudes, we found, could be misconstrued as lacking self-reflection or empathy.

    Journalists, their harassers and politicians will all need to make changes or be brought to book if the problem is to be solved. Until then, online harassment is harming journalism as a profession in Nigeria. And this has the potential to have a negative impact on democracy.

    – Nigerian journalists are harassed by the public, the state and paid ‘data boys’ – what must change
    – https://theconversation.com/nigerian-journalists-are-harassed-by-the-public-the-state-and-paid-data-boys-what-must-change-252100

    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: Diabetic foot pain: expert tips on how to cope

    Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Peter Kamerman, Professor, University of the Witwatersrand

    An estimated 1 in 10 people worldwide have diabetes. Africa is the region with the fastest growth and it’s estimated that the number of people on the continent with diabetes will more than double in the next 20 years, increasing to about 55 million people by 2045.

    Having diabetes has serious consequences for health and is associated with increased risk of developing diseases related to damage to the heart (heart attacks), blood vessels (strokes, foot ulcers), kidneys (chronic kidney failure), and the nervous system (blindness, loss of sensation).

    When it comes to nerve damage, it typically affects long nerve fibres that supply the feet and can sometimes affect fibres that supply the hands too (a so-called glove and stocking distribution).

    It is the nerve fibres that detect sensations such as touch and temperature that are often worst affected, resulting in numbness. The numbness that develops can be a nightmare for people and is often described as their “feet feeling dead”.

    A peculiarity of this numbness is that it may be accompanied by intractable pain. This type of pain, resulting from damage to sensory nerve fibres, is called neuropathic pain.

    As scientists in the field of pain and pain management we work on neuropathic pain in people living with diabetes and its management. In this article we aim to draw attention to the problem and discuss how it can be managed.

    Nerve damage

    It has been estimated that up to 50% of people with diabetes will develop damage to peripheral nerves during their lifetime, and up to 50% will experience pain because of that nerve damage.

    The predictors of developing nerve damage are well established. Older age, increased duration of diabetes, and poor control of blood glucose concentration are the main culprits. What determines whether the nerve damage is associated with pain is largely unknown.

    Neuropathic pain is often described as a “burning” pain, and is frequently accompanied by other sensations such as “pins and needles”, and pain that feels like stabbing, shooting, electric-like shocks, and deep aching.

    In some people there is very little or no numbness. In these people pain can often be triggered by gentle touch and movement across the skin (for example, bed sheets brushing across a foot, putting on socks), and cool and warm temperatures that are not normally felt as painful.

    Sometimes my feet will hurt really badly and I can’t get up and can hardly walk. – Anonymous patient

    Having such intractable pain has devastating consequences for quality of life.

    Pain sufferers have less social interaction with family and friends, and find it much more difficult to enjoy their favourite activities. Sleep is significantly disrupted.

    Having neuropathic pain is associated with high rates of anxiety and depression. To make matters worse, the sleep disruption, anxiety and depression may feed back into a vicious cycle to worsen and maintain the pain.

    There are days when I’d really like to go somewhere or do something and just don’t go. I know it will hurt. There’s no point in doing it. – Anonymous patient

    Medications to manage the pain

    Neuropathic pain is not responsive to the medications used to treat conditions such as headaches and joint pains (for example, paracetamol and ibuprofen).

    Instead, neuropathic pain is responsive to medications that in some cases are also used to treat conditions such as depression and epilepsy.

    Examples include:

    • low doses of tricyclic antidepressants (for example, amitriptyline)

    • a class of antidepressants called serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (for example, duloxetine)

    • anti-seizure drugs like gabapentinoids (for example, gabapentin and pregabalin).

    However, there is very little information to guide doctors to predict which drug will work best for a patient.

    So, often finding the correct treatment is a trial-and-error approach, which can be frustrating for both patients and doctors.

    Coping mechanisms

    Chronic pain management is also about teaching people to cope with their pain so that they get back to enjoying their lives and are no longer consumed by the pain.

    Such interventions include the practice of mindfulness, cognitive behavioural therapy, and other self-management activities specifically designed for people with chronic pain.

    With the rapidly growing number of individuals with diabetes, it is more important than ever that we detect and treat the pain caused by nerve fibre damage.

    Public education and increased awareness of this painful consequence of diabetes will hopefully encourage affected people to seek early medical attention, thus allowing management of the condition, maintaining well-being and restoring function.

    – Diabetic foot pain: expert tips on how to cope
    – https://theconversation.com/diabetic-foot-pain-expert-tips-on-how-to-cope-251937

    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-Evening Report: Activist group praises Pacific support for West Papua but slams NZ

    By Christine Rovoi of PMN News

    A human rights group in Aotearoa New Zealand has welcomed support from several Pacific island nations for West Papua, which has been under Indonesian military occupation since the 1960s.

    West Papua is a region (with five provinces) in the far east of Indonesia, centred on the island of New Guinea. Half of the eastern side of New Guinea is Papua New Guinea.

    West Papua Action Aotearoa claims the Indonesian occupation of West Papua has resulted in serious human rights violations, including a lack of press freedom.

    Catherine Delahunty, the group’s spokesperson, says many West Papuans have been displaced as a result of Indonesia’s military activity.

    In an interview with William Terite on PMN’s Pacific Mornings, the environmentalist and former Green Party MP said most people did not know much about West Papua “because there’s virtually a media blackout around this country”.

    “It’s an hour away from Darwin [Australia], and yet, most people don’t know what has been going on there since the 1960s. It’s a very serious and tragic situation, which is the responsibility of all of us as neighbours,” she said.

    “They [West Papuans] regard themselves fully as members of the Pacific community but are treated by Indonesia as an extension of their empire because they have all these natural resources, which Indonesia is rapidly extracting, using violence to maintain the state.”

    Delahunty said the situation was “very disturbing”, adding there was a “need for support and change alongside the West Papuan people”.

    UN support
    In a recent joint statement to the United Nations Human Rights Council, the leaders of Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Marshall Islands, Sāmoa and Vanuatu called on the global community to support the displaced people of West Papua.

    A Free West Papua rally. Image: Nichollas Harrison/PMN News

    Delahunty said the Pacific island nations urged the UN Council to advocate for human rights in West Papua.

    She also said West Papua Action Aotearoa wanted Indonesia to allow a visit from a UN human rights commissioner, a request that Indonesia has consistently denied.

    She said Sāmoa was the latest country to support West Papua, contrasting this with the “lack of action from larger neighbours like New Zealand and Australia”.

    Delahunty said that while smaller island nations and some African groups supported West Papua, more powerful states provide little assistance.

    “It’s great that these island nations are keeping the issue alive at the United Nations, but we particularly want to shout out to Sāmoa because it’s a new thing,” she told Terite.

    “They’ve never, as a government, made public statements. There are many Sāmoan people who support West Papua, and I work with them. But it’s great to see their government step up and make the statement.”

    Benny Wenda (right), a West Papuan independence leader, with Eni Faleomavaega, the late American Sāmoan congressman, a supporter of the Free West Papua campaign. Image: Office of Benny Wenda/PMN News

    Historically, the only public statements supporting West Papua have come from American Sāmoan congressman Eni Faleomavaega, who strongly advocated for it until he died in 2017.

    Praise for Sāmoa
    Delahunty praised Sāmoa’s support for the joint statement but voiced her disappointment at New Zealand and Australia.

    “What’s not encouraging is the failure of Australia and New Zealand to actually support this kind of joint statement and to vigorously stand up for West Papua because they have a lot of power in the region,” she said.

    “They’re the big states, and yet it’s the leadership of the smaller nations that we see today.”

    In September 2024, Phillip Mehrtens, a pilot from New Zealand, was released by West Papua rebels after being held captive for 19 months.

    Mehrtens, 39, was kidnapped by West Papua National Liberation Army fighters in February 2023 and was released after lengthy negotiations and “critical’ diplomatic efforts by authorities in Wellington and Jakarta.

    New Zealand’s Prime Minister Christopher Luxon and Foreign Affairs Minister Vaovasamanaia Winston Peters welcomed his release.

    New Zealand pilot Phillip Mehrtens was kidnapped by militants in West Papua on 7 March 2023. He was released 19 months later. Image: TPNPB/PMN News

    Why is there conflict in West Papua?
    Once a Dutch colony, the region is divided into five provinces, the two largest being Papua and West Papua. It is separate from PNG, which gained independence from Australia in 1975.

    Papuan rebels seeking independence from Indonesia have issued threats and attacked aircraft they believe are carrying personnel and delivering supplies for Jakarta.

    The resource-rich region has sought independence since 1969, when it came under Indonesia’s control following a disputed UN-supervised vote.

    Conflicts between indigenous Papuans and Indonesian authorities have been common with pro-independence fighters increasing their attacks since 2018.

    The Free Papua Movement has conducted a low-intensity guerrilla war against Indonesia, targeting military and police personnel, along with ordinary Indonesian civilians.

    Human rights groups estimate that Indonesian security forces have killed more than 300,000 West Papuans since the conflict started.

    But the Indonesian government denies any wrongdoing, claiming that West Papua is part of Indonesia and was integrated after the controversial “Act of Free Choice” in 1969.

    Manipulated process
    The Act of Free Choice has been widely criticised as a manipulated process, with international observers and journalists raising concerns about the fairness and legitimacy of the plebiscite.

    Despite the criticism, the United States and its allies in the region, New Zealand and Australia, have supported Indonesia’s efforts to gain acceptance in the UN for the pro-integration vote.

    Human rights groups, such as Delahunty’s West Papua Action Aotearoa, have raised “serious concerns” about the deteriorating human rights situation in Papua and West Papua.

    They cite alarming abuses against indigenous Papuans, including child killings, disappearances, torture, and mass displacement.

    Delahunty believes the hope for change lies with the nations of Te Moana Nui a Kiwa. She said it also came from the younger people in Indonesia today.

    “This is a colonisation issue, and it’s a bit like Aotearoa, in the sense that when the people who have been part of the colonising start addressing the issue, you get change. But it’s far too slow. So we are so disappointed.”

    Republished with permission from PMN News.

    MIL OSI Analysis – EveningReport.nz –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Europe: AFRICA/DR CONGO – Angola withdraws from peace mediation in the east of the Democratic Republic

    Source: Agenzia Fides – MIL OSI

    Monday, 24 March 2025 wars  

    Kinshasa (Agenzia Fides) – Angola has ended its mediation in the war in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The Angolan Presidency announced this in a communiqué today, March 24: “Angola considers it necessary to absolve itself of the responsibility of mediating in this conflict” in order to dedicate itself “more” to the general priorities of the African Union (AU), according to the statement from the Presidency, referring to the role of Angolan President Joao Lourenco as acting President of the African Union.”In the coming days, another African Head of State will be entrusted with this task,” the statement reads. In the meantime, the mediation initiated by Qatar will continue (see Fides, 20/3/2025). In a statement released today, the country’s foreign minister welcomed “the declarations by the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of Rwanda of their commitment to de-escalation and reducing tensions in eastern Congo following the announcement of the M23 withdrawal from the Walikale area,” which he described as “an important step towards stability and peace in the region.”The town of Walikale, in the Congolese province of North Kivu, was captured by M23 militants on March 19 (see Fides, March 20, 2025). Despite rebel claims, local sources say the M23 is still present in the town. According to some sources, however, the M23 has stated that it delayed its withdrawal from Walikale because the Congolese army (FARDC) had not withdrawn its combat drones from the area. Control of Walikale is of strategic importance because it would enable the M23 and its supporting Rwandan units to capture Kisangani, the capital of Tshopo Province, a key trade and transit hub located at the confluence of three rivers on the road to Kinshasa, the Congolese capital.In this context, statements by the Chief of Staff of the Ugandan Army, Muhoozi Kainerugaba, son of President Yoweri Museveni, published on Platform X, are also contradictory. Kainerugaba stated that his army or the M23 rebels would invade Kisangani at any time on the orders of President Yoweri Museveni. He allegedly wanted to protect the people of the Democratic Republic of Congo and emphasized that he would not allow residents of Ugandan origin from the Alur, Bahema, Banande, and Batutsi ethnic groups to suffer and that he had the right to protect them. Kainerugaba also advised US President Donald Trump not to conclude any mining agreement in East Africa without Uganda and Rwanda. He was referring to the meeting between Congolese President Felix Tshisekedi and Republican US Congressman Ronny Jackson, which discussed the fighting in the east of the country and opportunities for US investment in the Congolese mining sector. In return for US support in the fight against the M23 rebels, Tshisekedi would be willing to grant US companies exclusive access to key mining and infrastructure projects in the DRC. (L.M.) (Agenzia Fides, 24/3/2025)
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    MIL OSI Europe News –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: A steadfast bond: Celebrating a decade of the Massachusetts-Kenya State Partnership Program

    Source: United States Army

    U.S. Soldiers assigned to Chosen Company, 2nd Battalion, 503rd Infantry Regiment, 173rd Airborne Brigade; join 1st Battalion, 182nd Infantry Regiment, 51st Troop Command, 27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, Massachusetts National Guard; the Kenya Defence Forces (KDF); Somalia Danab; Tanzania People’s Defence Forces; and 3rd Rifles, 11th Infantry Brigade, 1st (United Kingdom) Division, pose for a group photo while a KDF F5, assigned to the 15th Fighter Wing flies over at the Counter Insurgency Terrorism and Stability Operations center during Justified Accord 2025 (JA25) in Nanyuki, Kenya, Feb. 20, 2025. JA25 is the premier U.S. Africa Command (USAFRICOM) exercise in East Africa, designed to enhance multinational combat readiness, strengthen crisis response capabilities and empower allies and partners in the region. Led by U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa (SETAF-AF) and hosted by Kenya, Djibouti and Tanzania, JA25 integrates high-intensity training scenarios that sharpen warfighting skills, increase operational reach and enhance the ability to execute complex joint and multinational operations. The exercise runs from Feb. 10–21, 2025. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Kylejian Francia) (Photo Credit: Sgt. Kylejian Francia) VIEW ORIGINAL

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    U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa

    NAIROBI, Kenya – 2025 marks the 10th anniversary of the enduring partnership between the Massachusetts Army National Guard (MANG) and the Kenyan Defence Forces (KDF) under the auspices of the State Partnership Program (SPP). Established in 2015, this collaboration exemplifies the power of sustained military-to-military engagement in fostering global security, stability and combined warfighting capacity.

    The SPP, overseen by the National Guard Bureau, strategically pairs American states with partner nations worldwide, facilitating a tailored approach to capacity building and strengthened lethality. For Massachusetts and Kenya, this has translated into a dynamic exchange of knowledge, skills and experience across a diverse range of military and civilian domains. These include, but are not limited to, cybersecurity, aviation, disaster response, medical readiness and counterterrorism strategies.

    Kenya Defence Force (KDF) medics joined the medics with 8th Medical Brigade and 1st Battalion 182nd Infantry Regiment, Massachusetts National Guard, to conduct a casualty evacuation rehearsal during exercise Justified Accord 2025 (JA25) at the Counter Insurgency Terrorism and Stability Operations Center in Nanyuki, Kenya, Feb. 12, 2025. JA25 is the premier U.S. Africa Command (USAFRICOM) exercise in East Africa, designed to enhance multinational combat readiness, strengthen crisis response capabilities and empower allies and partners in the region. Led by U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa (SETAF-AF) and hosted by Kenya, Djibouti and Tanzania, JA25 integrates high-intensity training scenarios that sharpen warfighting skills, increase operational reach and enhance the ability to execute complex joint and multinational operations. The exercise runs from Feb. 10–21, 2025. (Photo Credit: Sgt. 1st Class Jeremy Brown) VIEW ORIGINAL

    “Anytime you can create relationships with other countries, you are making integration easier when you need to deploy together,” said U.S. Army Sgt. Eamon Beach, a squad leader assigned to Bravo Company, 1st. Battalion, 182nd Infantry Regiment (Americal), MANG.

    This was Beach’s first time in Kenya, taking part in Justified Accord 2025 (JA25).

    The cornerstone of this partnership lies in its collaborative training exercises, often conducted within the framework of larger multinational initiatives like JA25, a U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM)-directed, U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa (SETAF-AF)-managed exercise.

    These exercises provide invaluable opportunities for both MANG and KDF Soldiers to enhance interoperability, refine tactical skills and build camaraderie in simulated scenarios.

    Beach also noted that training side-by-side in Kenya allowed both MANG and KDF Soldiers to learn several similarities in the way they train on specific tasks. From urban operations training and room clearance procedures, tactics were shared and honed together throughout the exercise.

    U.S. Army Spc. Sonny Farfan, an infantryman assigned to 1st Battalion, 182nd Infantry Regiment, 51st Troop Command, 27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, Massachusetts National Guard, fires an M4 carbine behind a barrier at the Counter Insurgency Terrorism and Stability Operations center during exercise Justified Accord 2025 (JA25) in Nanyuki, Kenya, Feb. 18, 2025. JA25 is the premier U.S. Africa Command (USAFRICOM) exercise in East Africa, designed to enhance multinational combat readiness, strengthen crisis response capabilities and empower allies and partners in the region. Led by U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa (SETAF-AF) and hosted by Kenya, Djibouti and Tanzania, JA25 integrates high-intensity training scenarios that sharpen warfighting skills, increase operational reach and enhance the ability to execute complex joint and multinational operations. The exercise runs from Feb. 10–21, 2025. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Kylejian Francia) (Photo Credit: Sgt. Kylejian Francia) VIEW ORIGINAL

    Along with JA25, the SPP fosters enduring personal relationships between Soldiers, transcending cultural differences, building mutual understanding and trust. These personal connections prove critical to facilitating seamless communication and cooperation, highlighting the adaptability and agility of both forces.

    The impact of the Massachusetts-Kenya partnership extends beyond the military sphere. Collaborative efforts in disaster preparedness and response have been particularly noteworthy. In previous exchanges, MANG provided much-needed assistance to Kenya in the wake of natural disasters, leveraging its experience and resources to support relief efforts and strengthen resilience.

    1 / 2 Show Caption + Hide Caption – U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Franklin Tejada, an infantryman assigned to 1st Battalion, 182nd Infantry Regiment, 51st Troop Command, 27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, Massachusetts National Guard, fires an M4 carbine at the Counter Insurgency Terrorism and Stability Operations center during Justified Accord 2025 (JA25) in Nanyuki, Kenya, Feb. 18, 2025. JA25 is the premier U.S. Africa Command (USAFRICOM) exercise in East Africa, designed to enhance multinational combat readiness, strengthen crisis response capabilities and empower allies and partners in the region. Led by U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa (SETAF-AF) and hosted by Kenya, Djibouti and Tanzania, JA25 integrates high-intensity training scenarios that sharpen warfighting skills, increase operational reach and enhance the ability to execute complex joint and multinational operations. The exercise runs from Feb. 10–21, 2025. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Kylejian Francia) (Photo Credit: Sgt. Kylejian Francia) VIEW ORIGINAL
    2 / 2 Show Caption + Hide Caption – U.S. Army Spc. Sonny Farfan, an infantryman assigned to 1st Battalion, 182nd Infantry Regiment, 51st Troop Command, 27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, Massachusetts National Guard, fires an M4 carbine at the Counter Insurgency Terrorism and Stability Operations center during Justified Accord 2025 (JA25) in Nanyuki, Kenya, Feb. 18, 2025. JA25 is the premier U.S. Africa Command (USAFRICOM) exercise in East Africa, designed to enhance multinational combat readiness, strengthen crisis response capabilities and empower allies and partners in the region. Led by U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa (SETAF-AF) and hosted by Kenya, Djibouti and Tanzania, JA25 integrates high-intensity training scenarios that sharpen warfighting skills, increase operational reach and enhance the ability to execute complex joint and multinational operations. The exercise runs from Feb. 10–21, 2025. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Kylejian Francia) (Photo Credit: Sgt. Kylejian Francia) VIEW ORIGINAL

    As the Massachusetts-Kenya partnership celebrates its 10th anniversary, it stands as a testament to the enduring power of collaboration and shared commitment to a safer and more secure world. The conclusion of the exercise highlighted this fact.

    JA25’s culminating event saw combined forces working together to defeat a violent extremist organization (VEO) which had taken over a simulated village. The multinational contingent put their newly refined urban tactics and lethality on full display.

    “The Massachusetts-Kenya partnership builds capacity, strengthens the alliance, supports regional stability and exercises our expeditionary capabilities,” said U.S. Army Lt. Col. David Dicrescenzo, commander of Task Force Minuteman and senior responsible officer for MANG forces in Kenya at JA25. “That’s the significance of this exercise and partnership.”

    As the global security landscape continues to evolve, multinational partnerships will likely become even more important. The enduring bond between the MANG and KDF, forged over a decade of collaboration and shared experiences, serves as an example of what partnership can mean for shared lethality, strength and stability.

    About SETAF-AF

    SETAF-AF provides U.S. Africa Command and U.S. Army Europe and Africa a dedicated headquarters to synchronize Army activities in Africa and scalable crisis-response options in Africa and Europe.

    Follow SETAF-AF: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, LinkedIn & DVIDS

    MIL OSI USA News –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: Attack on community-based patrollers condemned

    Source: South Africa News Agency

    Monday, March 24, 2025

    Police Minister Senzo Mchunu has condemned an attack on community-based patrollers at the Marry Me informal settlement in Soshanguve, north of Pretoria, at the weekend.

    The attack resulted in the deaths of four people at the scene, and the hospitalisation of eight others. One person died in hospital, bringing the total number of community patrollers killed in Soshanguve to five.

    At approximately 06:00 on Saturday, police responded to a crime scene at Marry Me Ext 3. 

    Upon arrival, they discovered the bodies of four individuals, who had sustained gunshot wounds and were partially burned. 

    Preliminary investigations reveal that the victims, who were community-based patrollers, were confronted by five individuals on the street around 03:00. A quarrel broke out, which escalated into violence, leading to death and injury.

    “We condemn in the strongest terms the cold-blooded murders and criminality that took place at Marry Me. These unarmed members of the community were committed against crime and improving the safety of their community,” said Mchunu.

    The Minister said it was remarkable that they took a stand against crime and that was the right thing to do. 

    “We commend the swift action of the police in initiating a manhunt for those responsible and urge them to be vigilant and thorough in their investigations. We will not allow such criminality to undermine the safety of our communities. 

    “We also call upon the residents of Marry Me and surrounding areas to work closely with the police and provide any information that may lead to the identification and arrest of the perpetrators. 

    “The police are relying on your cooperation to ensure justice is served and those responsible are brought to account,” the Minister said. – SAnews.gov.za

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    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: Minister reflects on department’s achievements, challenges in first three months

    Source: South Africa News Agency

    Minister reflects on department’s achievements, challenges in first three months

    Human Settlements Minister Thembi Simelane has commended the department’s team for the work done to realise one of the principles of the Freedom Charter of providing houses, security and comfort.

    This comes as the Minister reflects on the progress made in the three months since her appointment, acknowledging both the achievements and the challenges that lie ahead.

    Progress and achievements

    In a statement on Monday, Simelane said several key strides hace been made by the department, including responding to emergencies such as floods and fires in the Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal.

    She highlighted visits to various human settlements projects and a significant meeting held with provincial Members of the Executive Council (MECs) to discuss the five-year Medium-Term Development Plan (MTDP), and review progress on the implementation of the 2024/2025 priorities and proposed policy changes, among others.

    In collaboration with the Department of Social Development, the Ministry has developed the Special Housing Needs Programme Grant designed to support the implementation of the Special Housing Needs Programme (SHNP).

    “This programme seeks to provide amenities required in human settlements to help those who cannot independently live by themselves. This includes persons with disabilities, victims of domestic violence and the elderly,” the Minister explained.

    Additionally, the department has worked to ensure stability within its entities by appointing and inducting new board members to serve in five of the six department’s entities.

    A White Paper on Human Settlements was also approved in December 2024, focusing on developing a policy and legislative framework for Integrated and Sustainable Human Settlements.

    The framework aims to provide housing, safety, and comfort for all, with a particular emphasis on vulnerable groups, the poor, and the “missing middle” of society.

    Addressing challenges

    Simelane said the period has enabled her to fully understand the challenges faced by the sector. These include budget cuts, poor contract management leading to project abandonment, allegations of fraud and corruption, a trust deficit between the department and its stakeholders, distressed social housing projects, and finding permanent solutions to the country’s informal settlements.

    “These challenges inform us that there is no silver bullet to resolve our challenges. Government alone cannot provide solutions. Partnership with the private sector, the public, and NGOs [non-governmental organisations] will bring us closer to a permanent solution to our country’s housing challenges,” Simelane said.

    The Minister addressed the issue of tenants deliberately boycotting rental agreements in social housing projects. She stressed that social housing is rental accommodation, and that tenants are legally obliged to pay rent.

    “Failure to do so will lead to eviction. Do not blame government. Do the honourable thing, pay rent, and enjoy decent and affordable accommodation closer to economic activities and social amenities,” the Minister said.

    Post Investment Support Programme

    To foster mutually beneficial partnerships with the private sector, contractors and developers, and address issues that have cost the government millions of rands, the Minister announced that the department will launch the Emerging Developer Incubator and Post Investment Support Programme.

    The programme, through the National Housing Finance Corporation (NHFC), will be launched on 28 March 2025.

    This initiative aims to provide non-financial support to emerging developers, particularly those who have been historically disadvantaged. The programme will assist them in packaging funding proposals, managing construction phases and post-investments, and marketing completed units after construction.

    “Empowered contractors are a vehicle to our success. If contractors and developers were to deliver quality human settlement projects on time and within budget, nothing would stand in our way of achieving our goals,” Simelane said.

    She further outlined some of the department’s immediate priorities, including completing stalled or blocked projects, addressing the backlog of military veterans’ housing, and prioritising housing for vulnerable groups and the destitute.

    Investigation into George building collapse

    Meanwhile, the Minister said she has received the preliminary report of the National Home Builders Regulatory Council (NHBRC) has into the building that collapsed in George, Western Cape, in 2024.

    The final report is expected to be completed shortly.

    Simelane will in the coming months unpack departmental priorities, in line with the 2024-2025 MTDP, and explain how the priorities will contribute to government’s three key goals: driving inclusive growth and job creation, reducing poverty and tackling the high cost of living, and building a capable, ethical, and developmental State. – SAnews.gov.za

    GabiK
    Mon, 03/24/2025 – 12:59

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    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: Six valves opened at Vaal Dam to increase outflows

    Source: South Africa News Agency

    Monday, March 24, 2025

    The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) has opened six valves at the Vaal Dam to gradually increase water outflows by another 200 cubic metres per second (mᵌ/s) and manage water levels.

    The opening of six valves at 12pm on Monday is in addition to the single sluice gate that was opened last week, as water levels at the dam continue to rise.

    In an update report on the Vaal River system, issued on Monday, the department said the dam is currently at its full capacity at 107.43%.

    “At Bloemhof Dam, water releases have also been increased by 50 cubic metres per second from yesterday’s 350.97 – to 400 mᵌ/s – to allow for the extra flows that are expected from the Vaal Dam. Water levels at [Bloemhof] are currently at 99.97%, and the aim is to keep it at below 100%,” the department said.

    The release of water on both dams is due to the rising of water levels as a result of the continuous rainfall.

    READ | Water outflows increased at Bloemhof Dam

    The department assured that the current water release by the one sluice gate, including the six valves at the Vaal Dam and the pipes at Bloemhof, is within the safe operational limits and is not expected to lead to overtopping of riverbanks downstream. – SAnews.gov.za
     

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    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: The International Islamic Trade Finance Corporation (ITFC) Signs EUR 40 Million Trade Finance Agreement to Strengthen Comoros’ Energy Security

    Source: Africa Press Organisation – English (2) – Report:

    JEDDAH, Saudi Arabia, March 24, 2025/APO Group/ —

    The International Islamic Trade Finance Corporation (ITFC) (www.ITFC-IDB.org), the trade finance arm of the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) Group, signed a EUR 40 million trade finance agreement with the Union of Comoros to support the country’s energy sector. In line with the US$330 million three-year Framework Agreement signed in September 2024, this facility will enable Société Comorienne d’Hydrocarbures (SCH), as the executing agency, to import refined petroleum products and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), ensuring a steady and reliable energy supply for businesses and households.

    This financing is a crucial step in maintaining energy security, economic resilience, and social stability in the country by providing up to 100 percent of the country’s estimated 100,000 cubic meters of annual petroleum imports requirement.

    The agreement was signed by H.E. Ibrahim Mohamed Abdourazak, Minister of Finance, Budget, and Banking Sector of the Union of Comoros, and Abdihamid Abu, General Manager, Trade Finance, ITFC.

    Commenting on the signing, Abdihamid Abu, stated: “This financing reaffirms ITFC’s long-standing commitment to Comoros. By ensuring a stable energy supply, we are not only safeguarding essential services and industries but also driving broader economic growth, fostering resilience, and supporting the nation’s long-term development agenda.”

    Since 2008, ITFC has extended a total of US$657 million in financing to the Union of Comoros, with SCH serving as the executing agency in 26 trade finance operations. This latest agreement builds on that strong track record, further reinforcing ITFC’s strategic partnership with Comoros while supporting energy security (SDG 7), industrial growth (SDG 9), and economic stability (SDG 8).

    As part of its broader mission, ITFC remains dedicated to enhancing trade finance accessibility and strengthening economic resilience, in its member countries. By securing critical imports such as petroleum products, ITFC ensures that Comoros can sustain its economic momentum, protect jobs, and enhance the quality of life for its citizens.

    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: British exports shine in African infrastructure and renewable energy deal

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments 4

    Press release

    British exports shine in African infrastructure and renewable energy deal

    A partnership with UK Export Finance (UKEF) has enabled British firm Dints to secure a £12.5 million contract for infrastructure and renewable energy operations

    Image: Dints International

    • Dints International wins contract to supply Angolan infrastructure and renewable energy operations
    • Contract made possible in part thanks to UK government guarantee
    • Boosting exports plays a vital role in growing the economy, a key part of the Plan for Change

    A partnership with UK Export Finance (UKEF) has enabled British firm Dints to secure a £12.5 million contract as supplier to MCA’s infrastructure and renewable energy operations in Angola.  

    Established 18 years ago, Dints is a London-based project integrator bringing together buyers, suppliers, logistics providers and funding partners.    

    A loan guarantee issued by UKEF to Apple Bank means that the Portuguese contractor operating in Angola, MCA, can now access finance to purchase more than £12.5 million in equipment through Dints. This will create opportunities for UK manufacturers to supply goods and services to the project. 

    Dints will provide vehicles, plant and machinery to support infrastructure and renewable energy projects in Angola. UKEF’s support helps companies like Dints to grow the economy, delivering on the Plan for Change.   

    Recent partnerships with Dints have helped to generate over £21 million in UK exports to markets including Peru, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire and Botswana. These projects support jobs across the UK supply chain, as Dints’ suppliers come from regions including Leicestershire, Yorkshire and Humber, Staffordshire, County Armagh, Cambridgeshire, and Hertfordshire.

    Gareth Thomas, Minister for Exports, said:  

    This deal opens a wealth of opportunities for UK businesses, helping to increase exports, boost jobs and grow the economy.

    As part of our Plan for Change, we are firmly backing businesses to export around the world and reach new markets, and this deal is a shining example of just that.

    Geoffrey de Mowbray, Dints’ CEO, said:  

    It has been a pleasure to work with MCA on this transaction. By bringing together UK and international suppliers with the support of UKEF, AF Capital and Apple Bank, suppliers are paid as if selling to their domestic markets while unlocking global opportunities. This approach makes UK exports more accessible as well as facilitating critical infrastructure and renewable energy projects and demonstrates the value of a coordinated, transparent export model in driving sustainable development.

    Tim Reid, CEO of UK Export Finance, said:

    By providing a loan guarantee to Dints’ overseas client, we’re not only securing a substantial export opportunity for British suppliers but also helping to transform lives in Angola through improved access to critical infrastructure and renewable electricity. This is exactly the kind of win-win outcome we strive to achieve at UK Export Finance.

    Manuel Couto Alves, Founder & Chairman of MCA, said: 

    At MCA, we recognise the critical role that strategic partnerships play in driving meaningful and sustainable change. As we continue to expand our infrastructure operations and deliver world-class projects in Angola, it is clear that collaboration with financial institutions such as UK Export Finance and trusted suppliers like Dints is essential in achieving the ambitious goals of sustainable development.

    Stephen Peal, Group MP of Yorpower, a supplier on the project, said: 

    This has been an exciting opportunity for YorPower from the start. It is an honour to be supporting the energy transition in Angola, which is a new territory for us. Working along Dints has proven to be an outstanding route to new territories and opportunities across the world. We are able to grow and develop our brand without the complication export would normally present, by dealing locally in the UK with the experts at Dints.

    Charlie Style, Business Development Manager at King Trailers, a supplier on the project, said: 

    King Trailers is proud to support Dints in delivering projects contributing to the sustainable development of communities in Angola. Our specialized transport solutions will play a key role in ensuring the safe and efficient movement of essential equipment, reinforcing our commitment to supporting global infrastructure and renewable energy projects.

    This collaboration was made possible through the support of UK Export Finance (UKEF), which plays a crucial role in championing British manufacturing. UKEF’s backing not only enables companies like King Trailers to secure international contracts but also drives innovation and strengthens the UK supply chain. By providing financial support and export credit guarantees, UKEF helps safeguard skilled jobs at King Trailers and across the wider UK manufacturing sector, ensuring long-term growth and competitiveness on the global stage.

    UKEF issued the guarantee through its Standard Buyer Loan Guarantee product. By helping buyers to purchase UK exports more easily, loans from or guaranteed by UKEF secure export contracts with good payment terms for British businesses – including small businesses likely to need payment upfront before they can deliver a contract.

    Contact

    Media enquiries:

    Email newsdesk@ukexportfinance.gov.uk

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    Published 24 March 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: Water outflows increased at Bloemhof Dam

    Source: South Africa News Agency

    Monday, March 24, 2025

    The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) has increased the water outflows at the Bloemhof Dam by 100 cubic meters per second (mᵌ/s) to 350.97 mᵌ/s to allow for the extra flows that are expected from the Vaal Dam.

    This follows the opening of a single sluice gate at Vaal Dam last week Thursday to ease water levels.

    The department said water levels at Bloemhof Dam are currently at 98.69% and the aim is to keep it below 100%.

    On Sunday, the department reported that water levels at the Vaal Dam are currently at full capacity at 107.43%.

    It said the release of water in both dams is due to the rising of water levels as a result of the continuous rainfall.

    “The current water release by the one sluice gate at Vaal Dam and the pipes at Bloemhof is within the safe operational limits and is not expected to lead to overtopping of riverbanks downstream,” the department said in a statement.

    READ | One Vaal Dam sluice gate opened

    The department said it will continue to monitor the water levels at both the dams closely. – SAnews.gov.za
     

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    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: SA to partake in Petersberg Climate Dialogue 

    Source: South Africa News Agency

    The Minister of Forestry, Fisheries, and the Environment, Dr Dion George, will this week represent South Africa at the 15th Petersberg Climate Dialogue (PCD), where the country will reinforce its commitment to climate action.

    “The dialogue will provide a strategic opportunity for South Africa to reinforce its commitment to climate action, advocate for equitable solutions that address the unique challenges faced by developing nations, and foster stronger international cooperation,” the Department of Forestry, Fisheries, and the Environment said on Monday.

    Taking place on Tuesday and Wednesday, the annual high-level conference, co-hosted by Germany and Brazil in Berlin, Germany, serves as a crucial bridge between successive United Nations Climate Change Conferences (COPs), providing a platform for international dialogue on climate action and cooperation.

    “Established in 2010 by former German Chancellor Dr Angela Merkel, the dialogue convenes selected nations to pave the way for successful negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 

    “The ministerial meeting provides an informal yet strategic space for countries to deliberate on key issues under the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement, including the Global Goal on Adaptation, mitigation ambition, loss and damage from climate impacts, and the provision of international climate finance,” the department said.

    The Minister will use this platform as an opportunity to provide an overview of South Africa’s Presidency of the G20 Environment and Climate Sustainability Working Group. 

    “I look forward to sharing highlights about our five interrelated key priorities, including climate change and air quality, biodiversity and conservation, and land degradation, desertification and drought,” said George. – SAnews.gov.za

    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: Kusile’s Unit 6 to boost grid capacity

    Source: South Africa News Agency

    Unit 6 of Eskom’s Kusile Power Station has been successfully added to the national grid.

    Eskom announced that the final unit at the Mpumalanga based power station, was successfully added to the national grid on Sunday at 4:45pm.

    “This achievement marks a crucial step toward completing one of South Africa’s largest infrastructure projects and is a key milestone in Eskom’s strategic objective of adding 2 500MW of new capacity to the grid by March 2025,” the statement read. 

    This means that once all units are fully operational, the Kusile Power Station will contribute 4 800MW to the national grid, making it South Africa’s largest infrastructure project. 

    Meanwhile, its sister project, the Medupi Power Station, will see its Unit 4 return 800MW by the end of April 2025 after an extended outage caused by a generator stator failure and the completion of the project. 

    “Both South Africa’s new build power station projects will then be essentially completed once Kusile Unit 6 is in commercial operation.” 

    Kusile is the first power station in South Africa and Africa to implement wet flue gas desulfurisation (WFGD) technology. 
    This innovative approach ensures compliance with air quality standards and aligns with global best practices for reducing sulfur dioxide emissions.

    Eskom Group Executive for Generation, Bheki Nxumalo, said the utility is at a critical point in returning megawatts to the grid as the country is currently in a constrained state. 

    “This milestone is a testament to the unwavering dedication and resilience of Eskom’s employees and contractors. Their commitment has driven us forward despite numerous challenges. As we celebrate this progress, our focus is now on ensuring that Unit 6 achieves commercial operation in the second half of 2025, further strengthening South Africa’s energy security,” Nxumalo added. 

    Eskom Group CEO Dan Marokane reiterated Nxumalo’s view that the addition of Kusile Unit 6 demonstrates ongoing progress in stabilising and strengthening South Africa’s electricity supply.

    “Meeting the targets we set in the Generation Recovery Plan and our strategic roadmap underscores our determination to deliver new capacity, enhance generation performance, support economic growth, and ultimately deliver a more sustainable energy future. 

    “We reiterate our commitment to ensuring that South Africa is in no way returning to the levels of load shedding that we experienced in 2023 and, our focus remains on delivering a more reliable, resilient, and sustainable power system for the country,” Marokane said.  

    Over the next six months, Eskom said the unit will undergo extensive testing and optimisation before reaching commercial operation when its 800MW capacity will be officially added to the Eskom generation fleet.

    With this latest milestone, Eskom stated that it remains committed to implementing the Generation Operational Recovery Plan, strengthening governance, and future-proofing the organisation. 

    “This is to ensure energy security, growth, and long-term sustainability for the benefit of South Africa and sub-Saharan Africa,” said the power utility.  – SAnews.gov.za

    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: eThekwini gears up for business fair

    Source: South Africa News Agency

    The countdown to the North Regional Durban Business Fair has begun, which will see 150 businesses showcasing their products and services.

    The eThekwini Municipality is gearing up to host the North Regional Durban Business Fair from 28 – 30 March 2025 at the Bridge City Shopping Centre in KwaMashu, north of Durban. 

    The third Regional Fair for the 2024/25 financial year, will provide businesses a platform for networking, business growth, empowerment and collaboration.

    The exhibitors will also have opportunities to engage with potential customers, including government and municipal entities, financial institutions and fellow entrepreneurs. 

    The attendees will have the opportunity to participate in business seminars, where they will gain first-hand insights from industry leaders, as well as representatives from both private and public agencies.

    In a recent statement, the municipality said the exhibition will run simultaneously with the two-day Business Indaba, which will explore key industry trends and provide valuable business information and opportunities.

    “The Construction Development Indaba segment will kick off the exhibition on 28 March, bringing together established companies, agencies and entrepreneurs to present opportunities for emerging businesses. Topics will include how small, medium and micro enterprises can leverage artificial intelligence. 

    “Businesses will also be capacitated on how to engage in the Inner-City Regeneration and property development processes. This will offer valuable guidance for growth within the construction and development sectors,” the municipality said.

    The focus will then shift to the Women’s Economic Empowerment Engagement on 29 March, with discussions centred on how women can empower each other through mentorship, networking, and collaboration. 

    Leading South African business figures are expected to drive the discussions during the Women’s Economic Empowerment Engagement. 

    “eThekwini Municipality, which established the Women’s Economic Empowerment Programme, 19 years ago, will also highlight the achievements and present success stories of the programme, while outlining opportunities available for women entrepreneurs,” the municipality said.

    The fair will also serve as an important hub for presenting international opportunities, including imports and exports. The Junior International Chamber will be exhibiting at the fairat the International Pavilion. 

    Additional highlights include access to government and municipal services, exhibitions by tertiary institutions, a tech zone, live cooking demonstrations, and the “kiddiepreneur” garden, amongst others.

    The municipality has encouraged the public to support locally manufactured products, such as furniture, fashion, home essentials, agricultural products, health products, detergents and many more.

    To reserve a spot at the Construction Development Business Indaba or the Women’s Economic Empowerment Engagement, please email: zamani.shezi@durban.gov.za, or call 031 311 4500. – SAnews.gov.za
     

    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: Minister leads G20 environment working group

    Source: South Africa News Agency

    Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Dr Dion George, will this week lead the Group of Twenty (G20) Environment and Climate Sustainability Working Group (ECSWG) as part of South Africa’s Presidency of the G20. 

    “It is expected that the outcome of this first virtual G20 ECSWG meeting will provide strategic direction and a common understanding amongst G20 Member States on the key environmental and climate change priorities and deliverables,” the Minister said on Sunday.

    Taking place under the theme: “Solidarity, Equality, and Sustainability,” the Minister is expected to open the meeting on Tuesday, by setting the scene for South Africa’s Presidency of the G20 ECSWG, provide an opportunity to discuss the five priorities and deliverables, and also present the proposed work plan for the G20 ECSWG for 2025.

    The priority focus areas for South Africa’s Presidency of the G20 ECSWG include:

    • Biodiversity and Conservation – Implementation of the Global Biodiversity Framework and the Biodiversity Economy;
    • Land Degradation, Desertification and Drought – Land Degradation Neutrality targets;
    • Chemicals and Waste Management – Sustainable Chemicals Management; Circular Economy; Waste Management; Waste to Energy; Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) implementation;
    • Climate Change and Air Quality – Just Transition; Loss and Damage; Adaptation, including Climate Resilient Development (CRD); Climate Finance and Air Quality; and
    • Oceans and Coastal Management – Marine Spatial Planning – ocean governance; combatting marine plastic pollution.

    The G20 ECSWG aims to enhance cooperation amongst all G20 members and invitees to address environmental and climate change priorities. 

    The G20 comprises 19 countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye, United Kingdom and United States, as well as two regional bodies, namely the European Union and the African Union.

    The G20 members represent about two-thirds of the world population, approximately 85% of the global GDP and over 75% of the global trade. 

    This platform is considered as the leading forum for international economic cooperation and plays an important role in shaping and strengthening global architecture and governance on all major international economic issues.

    South Africa’s Presidency of the G20 commenced on 01 December 2024 and will continue until 30 November 2025. 

    The Presidency will build upon on the achievements of India (2023 Presidency) and Brazil (2024 Presidency), to ensure continuity in advancing the developmental agenda within the G20. 

    “South Africa’s G20 Presidency provides a unique opportunity for the country to champion the aspirations of emerging market economies and lead the developmental agenda of the African Continent within the framework of the G20.”

    A total of three G20 ECSWG meetings and one ECSWG Ministerial meeting will be held in South Africa, with the first virtual meeting scheduled to take place from 25 – 28 March 2025; followed by the second meeting from 14-18 July 2025 at Kruger National Park, and the final meeting in October 2025 at Cape Town.

    The Ministerial meeting will be held back-to-back with the third ECSWG meeting in October 2025.

    The department will also roll out outreach and awareness activities in the buildup to the three G20 ECSWG meetings throughout the country to amplify the messaging on the focus areas for the G20 ECSWG.

    “The department will leverage South Africa’s Presidency of the G20 to market and showcase the Kruger-Kirstenbosch-iSimangaliso Icon Status Strategy (KISS). Some of the meetings and activities will take place at these iconic world-class sites to showcase them on the global stage,” the Minister said. – SAnews.gov.za

    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: CBE to host inaugural Public Works Infrastructure Summit

    Source: South Africa News Agency

    The Council for the Built Environment (CBE) is set to host the Inaugural Public Works Infrastructure Summit.

    Public Works and Infrastructure Minister Dean Macpherson is expected to deliver the keynote address at the summit, which will be held on 1 April 2025. 

    The summit — to be hosted under the theme: “Turning South Africa into a construction site: Growing the economy and creating jobs” — will explore strategies for optimising asset life cycles, using public-private partnerships and ensuring equitable infrastructure investments.

    Additionally, discussions will include issues that relate to the infrastructure audit; the promotion of ethical governance; exploring innovative measures for effective asset management, property management, and green social infrastructure, while maximising its commercial value for public good. 

    Addressing Parliament earlier this month, Macpherson committed that the department will formalise its approach to public asset management with the introduction of technical task teams in cities across the country. 

    It is envisaged that the approach will attract private sector investment to revitalise these assets for productive use. 

    In attendance will be CEOs and leaders of the broader built environment and construction industry, financial institutions, insurance companies, developers, asset and property managers, real estate entities, the Minister and his deputy, and MECs to discuss and agree on collaborative efforts to achieve the goal of turning South Africa into a construction site. 

    About the CBE 

    The CBE, an entity of the Department of Public Works and Infrastructure, is a regulator of the built environment professions practicing and providing regulatory frameworks within the various statutory councils. 

    It played a leadership role and provides strategic direction, and advises the Minister of Public Works and Infrastructure on policy matters that impact the built environment sector. – SAnews.gov.za

    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: Government activities for the week 24 – 28 March 2025

    Source: South Africa News Agency

    Monday, March 24, 2025

    On Monday, 24 March, the Deputy President Paul Mashatile will deliver the keynote address at the national World TB Day commemorative event and launch of the National End TB Campaign at Ugu Sports and Leisure Centre, Gamalakhe Township, KwaZulu-Natal.

    On Tuesday, 25 March, the Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Dr Dion George to lead the Group of Twenty (G20) Environment and Climate Sustainability Working Group as part of South Africa’s Presidency of the G20. 

    On Wednesday, 26 March, South Africa hosts the second G20 Health Working Group Meeting in KwaZulu-Natal (26-28 March). 

    On Thursday, 27 March, the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition is offering Basic Sewing Training Programme in Mthatha, Eastern Cape (17-28 March).

    Friday, 28 March, no confirmed events.

    Share this post:

    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Africa: SA committed to advancing national unity

    Source: South Africa News Agency

    President Cyril Ramaphosa says since the advent of democracy, government have strived to build a society that recognises the injustices of the past while advancing reconciliation and national unity.

    “That is why as a country we have chosen 21 March as an occasion to recommit ourselves to the advancement of human rights for all,” President Ramaphosa said.

    In his weekly newsletter, President Ramaphosa said since the dawn of democracy, South Africans have been able to exercise their rights freely, and many know that they can approach the independent courts and the institutions supporting democracy if their rights are infringed or violated.

    “We can be proud that South Africans are confident they have a voice and a say in how their country is run, demonstrated by the fact that we have held successive free and fair elections since 1994,” President Ramaphosa said.

    President Ramaphosa said in South Africa today, all citizens, African, white, Indian and coloured, male and female, enjoy equal rights and freedoms that the state is obliged to uphold, protect and advance.

    “In South Africa today, there are constitutional protections guaranteed to all racial, cultural and linguistic groups, including their right to enjoy their culture and to use their language.

    “As South Africans we should therefore reject the politics of divisiveness that is emerging in many parts of the world. In particular, we should challenge the completely false narrative that our country is a place in which people of a certain race or culture are being targeted for persecution.

    “We should not allow events beyond our shores to divide us or turn us against each other. Since the end of apartheid our country has been recognised globally for upholding human rights. The free flow of ideas and opinions are vital to democracy and to having a vibrant society,” the President said.

    The President said even those with the most offensive views should know that in the democratic South Africa, and unlike in many other parts of the world, the constitution guarantees the right to freedom of expression, as long as it does not include incitement to violence or advocacy of racial and other hatred.

    “Since we attained our freedom, South Africans have been steadfast in our solidarity with peoples everywhere who are facing persecution, discrimination and the violation of their rights.

    “Human rights are universal and indivisible. As South Africa we stand in solidarity with all those whose right to lead lives of dignity are being undermined by conflict and war. As a country we will continue to repeat our call for a renewed global human rights movement so that the rights and dignity of all people should be upheld.

    “As we reflect on the state of human rights in South Africa during this month, let us be proud of our achievements as a country. At the same time, let us recommit ourselves to working together to ensure our human rights culture is upheld and strengthened,” President Ramaphosa said.

    South Africa commemorates National Human Rights Day on 21 March to remember the Sharpeville massacre, where apartheid police killed 69 peaceful protesters against the regime in 1960.

    March 2025 marks over six decades since the painful events of 21 March 1960 where 69 lives were lost in the Sharpeville Massacre. The massacre came to be as a result of citizens choosing to protest against the then pass laws of the apartheid government. – SAnews.gov.za

    MIL OSI Africa –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: US, Ghana build medical readiness in Zinindo

    Source: United States Army

    U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Thomas Jore and Ghana Armed Forces Maj. Randy Tawiah provide dental supplies and demonstrations to students at a primary school during a medical civic action program (MEDCAP) in Zinindo, Ghana, Feb. 13, 2025. The MEDCAP, led by U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa (SETAF-AF) and the GAF, provided essential healthcare services to the local population while strengthening partnerships between U.S. and Ghanaian medical professionals. (Courtesy photo) (Photo Credit: Sgt. 1st Class Solomon Navarro) VIEW ORIGINAL

    Back to

    U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa

    ZININDO, Ghana – Multinational military medical personnel treated over 500 patients during a medical civic action program (MEDCAP) in Zinindo, Ghana, Feb. 13, 2025.

    The initiative, led by U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa (SETAF-AF) and the Ghana Armed Forces (GAF), enhanced military medical partnerships while reinforcing readiness for future operations.

    “By working side-by-side with our Ghanaian partners, we’re not just providing treatment today, we’re building lasting relationships that enhance regional stability,” said U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Jose Ventura, a team sergeant with Bravo Company, Civil Affairs Battalion, SETAF-AF.

    U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Jose Ventura, a civil affairs team sergeant assigned to Bravo Company, Civil Affairs Battalion, U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa (SETAF-AF), interacts with children during a medical civic action program (MEDCAP) in Zinindo, Ghana, Feb. 13, 2025. The MEDCAP, led by SETAF-AF and the Ghana Armed Forces (GAF), provided essential healthcare services to the local population while strengthening military medical readiness and partnerships between U.S. and Ghanaian medical professionals. (Courtesy photo) (Photo Credit: Sgt. 1st Class Solomon Navarro) VIEW ORIGINAL

    During the MEDCAP, U.S. and Ghanaian military personnel provided primary healthcare services, preventative care and treatment for common illnesses, focusing on maternal and child health, a critical need in rural Ghana.

    “The MEDCAP in Zinindo was a testament to the power of collaboration,” said Ghana Army Maj. Randy Tawiah, a senior medical officer with the Ghana Armed Forces. “Partnering with the civil affairs division, we treated various ailments, educated young girls on menstrual hygiene and equipped children with dental care tools.”

    U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Jose Ventura, a civil affairs team sergeant assigned to Bravo Company, Civil Affairs Battalion, U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa (SETAF-AF), and Ghana Armed Forces Maj. Randy Tawiah meet with a Zinindo clinic healthcare provider following a successful medical civic action program (MEDCAP) in Zinindo, Ghana, Feb. 13, 2025. The MEDCAP, led by U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa (SETAF-AF), and GAF, provided essential healthcare services while fostering collaboration among military and civilian medical professionals. (Courtesy photo) (Photo Credit: Sgt. 1st Class Solomon Navarro) VIEW ORIGINAL

    More than medical aid, Tawiah indicated that the combined medical team planted seeds of health and dignity that will grow for generations.

    The engagement refined medical logistics and coordination, ensuring smoother future operations.

    U.S. Navy Lt. Cmdr. Elizabeth Cooper, a medical provider with Navy Medical Research Unit. joins U.S. and Ghanaian military medical personnel in an introductory briefing with village leaders during a medical civic action program (MEDCAP) in Zinindo, Ghana, Feb. 13, 2025. Cooper, the lead U.S. medical provider at the event, worked alongside Ghana Armed Forces (GAF) doctors, nurses, and medics to coordinate healthcare services and community outreach. The MEDCAP, led by U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa (SETAF-AF) and GAF, focused on improving access to medical care while strengthening regional health partnerships. (Courtesy photo) (Photo Credit: Sgt. 1st Class Solomon Navarro) VIEW ORIGINAL

    “These lessons will directly enhance readiness for larger exercises like African Lion,” Ventura noted.

    By integrating medical training with real-world humanitarian assistance, the MEDCAP improves local health outcomes while reinforcing SETAF-AF’s mission to strengthen partnerships and enhance regional security.

    U.S. Navy Lt. Cmdr. Elizabeth Cooper, a medical provider assigned to Navy Medical Research Unit, and U.S. Army Sgt. Jackson Mace, a civil affairs team sergeant, Bravo Company, Civil Affairs Battalion, U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa (SETAF-AF), interact with children during a medical civic action program (MEDCAP) in Zinindo, Ghana, Feb. 13, 2025. As the lead U.S. medical provider, Cooper conducted assessments throughout the event, strengthening military medical readiness and partnerships between U.S. and Ghanaian medical professionals. (Courtesy photo) (Photo Credit: Sgt. 1st Class Solomon Navarro) VIEW ORIGINAL

    “We are not just here for one day of care; we are setting the foundation for continued cooperation and medical training,” said Tawiah. “Through these engagements, we improve local health outcomes, build trust and strengthen regional security in support of SETAF-AF’s mission.”

    As U.S. Army and Ghana Armed Forces medical teams continue to train and operate together, exercises like African Lion 2025 will further reinforce the total force approach to security cooperation, ensuring stronger, more prepared partners across the U.S. and Africa.

    About exercise African Lion

    African Lion is U.S. Africa Command’s largest and most comprehensive multinational military exercise, reinforcing combat readiness, deterrence, and strategic partnerships across North and West Africa. Led by SETAF-AF, the exercise integrates land, air, maritime, space, and cyber operations to sharpen joint lethality and enhance crisis response capabilities. African Lion 25 demonstrates America’s ability to project power, safeguard U.S. interests, and deter regional threats, ensuring peace through strength.

    About SETAF-AF Civil Affairs

    Civil Affairs teams work closely with African communities and military partners to strengthen local infrastructure, provide humanitarian assistance and support to regional stability. By collaborating directly with local leaders, Civil Affairs Soldiers address critical needs while empowering African communities to build sustainable solutions for their future. This supports U.S. Africa Command’s objective of ‘partner-led, U.S.-enabled’ activities.

    About SETAF-AF

    SETAF-AF provides U.S. Africa Command and U.S. Army Europe and Africa a dedicated headquarters to synchronize Army activities in Africa and scalable crisis-response options in Africa and Europe.

    Follow SETAF-AF: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, LinkedIn & DVIDS

    MIL OSI USA News –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Video: Deputy Minister Kenny Morolong’s address at the Nation Brand Forum 2025

    Source: Republic of South Africa (video statements-2)

    Deputy Minister
    Kenny Morolong’s address at the Nation Brand Forum

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2tFx_6endg

    MIL OSI Video –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Video: Deputy MinisterKenny Morolong’s address at the Nation Brand Forum 2025

    Source: Republic of South Africa (video statements-2)

    Deputy MinisterKenny Morolong’s address at the Nation Brand Forum 2025

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNtqfoUxfy0

    MIL OSI Video –

    March 25, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: Advancing Cashless India

    Source: Government of India (2)

    Advancing Cashless India

    ₹1,500 Cr Incentive Scheme for Low-Value BHIM-UPI Transactions

    Posted On: 24 MAR 2025 2:09PM by PIB Delhi

    • The Union Cabinet has approved a ₹1,500 crore incentive scheme for FY 2024–25 to promote low-value BHIM-UPI (P2M) transactions and encourage digital payments among small merchants.
    • The scheme ensures zero MDR on UPI transactions and offers a 0.15% incentive for transactions up to ₹2,000 made to small merchants.
    • The scheme aims to expand UPI infrastructure across rural and semi-urban areas through tools like UPI 123PAY, Lite, and LiteX.
    • According to the ACI Worldwide Report 2024, India contributed 49% of all global real-time transactions in 2023 — reaffirming its position as a global leader in digital payment innovation.

     

    The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has approved the ‘Incentive Scheme for Promotion of Low-Value BHIM-UPI Transactions (Person to Merchant – P2M)’ for the financial year 2024-25. This step supports the Government’s goal of boosting digital payments, encouraging small merchants to adopt UPI, and promoting financial inclusion.

    Strengthening India’s Digital Payment Ecosystem

    Promotion of digital payments is an integral part of the Government’s strategy for financial inclusion and providing wide-ranging payment options to the common man.

    The expenditure incurred by the digital payment industry for providing services to customers/merchants is recovered through the Merchant Discount Rate (MDR). The merchant discount rate (MDR) is a fee that merchants and other businesses must pay to a payment processing company on debit or credit card transactions. The MDR typically comes in the form of a percentage of the transaction amount.

    As per RBI, MDR of up to 0.90% of the transaction value is applicable across all card networks for debit cards. As per NPCI, MDR of up to 0.30% is applicable for UPI P2M (Person to Merchant) transactions. Since January 2020, to promote digital transactions, MDR has been made zero for RuPay Debit Card and BHIM-UPI transactions through amendments in Section 10A of the Payments and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 and Section 269SU of the Income-tax Act, 1961.

    To support payment ecosystem participants in effective service delivery, the Government has implemented the “Incentive scheme for promotion of RuPay Debit Cards and low-value BHIM-UPI transactions (P2M)”, with due Cabinet approval. The incentive is paid by the Government to the Acquiring Bank (merchant’s bank) and is then shared among other stakeholders: Issuer Bank (customer’s bank), Payment Service Provider Bank (facilitates UPI onboarding/API integration), and App Providers (TPAPs). Year-wise incentive payout by the Government (in Rs. crore) during the last three financial years:

     

    Scheme overview

    The incentive scheme for promotion of low-value BHIM-UPI transactions (P2M) will be implemented at an estimated outlay of Rs 1,500 crore, from 1st April 2024 to 31st March 2025. It exclusively covers UPI (Person to Merchant – P2M) transactions of up to ₹2,000, specifically targeting small merchants to encourage the adoption of digital payments at the grassroots level.

    UPI transactions have seen a significant surge in recent years, with total transaction value rising from ₹21.3 lakh crore in FY2019-20 to ₹213.8 lakh crore till January 2025. Of this, Person to Merchant (P2M) transactions have grown steadily, reaching ₹59.3 lakh crore, reflecting increased digital payment adoption among merchants.

    P2P-Person to Person, P2M-Person to merchants

    Scheme objectives

    • Promote BHIM-UPI Platform: Aim to reach ₹20,000 crore in transaction volume during FY 2024-25.
    • Strengthen Payment Infrastructure: Support participants in building secure digital payment systems.
    • Ensure Reliability: Maintain high uptime and reduce technical declines.
    • Rural Penetration: Expand UPI services in tier 3 to 6 cities and remote areas using:
      • UPI 123PAY (for feature phones)
      • UPI Lite and UPI LiteX (for offline payments)

     

    Incentive Structure

    Under the approved scheme, incentives are designed based on the merchant category and transaction value. For small merchants, UPI transactions up to ₹2,000 will attract zero Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) and will be eligible for an incentive of 0.15% of the transaction value. For transactions above ₹2,000, there will be zero MDR but no incentive. In the case of large merchants, all transactions—regardless of the amount—will have zero MDR and will not carry any incentive.

    Reimbursement mechanism

    1. 80% of the admitted claim amount by the acquiring banks will be disbursed unconditionally each quarter.
    2. Remaining 20% will be disbursed based on the following performance criteria:
    • 10% of the admitted claim will be paid only if the acquiring bank’s technical decline rate (failed transactions due to technical issues on their side) is less than 0.75%.
    • The remaining 10% of the admitted claim will be paid only if the acquiring bank’s system uptime (availability of their systems) is more than 99.5%.

     

    UPI – Benefits to merchants

    Key benefits of scheme

    • Convenience & Speed: Seamless, secure, and fast payments improve cash flow and provide digital credit access.
    • No Extra Charges: Citizens can pay digitally without any additional fees.
    • Support for Small Merchants: Encourages cost-sensitive merchants to accept UPI payments.
    • Less-Cash Economy: Promotes formal, accountable digital transactions.
    • System Efficiency: High uptime and low failure rate conditions ensure reliable 24×7 payment services.
    • Balanced Approach: Encourages digital growth while managing Government expenditure prudently.

    Unique features of BHIM-UPI

     

    • Instant Transfers: Round-the-clock money transfer via mobile devices, all 365 days.

     

    • Unified Access: One mobile app to access multiple bank accounts.

     

    • Single Click 2FA: Strong, seamless two-factor authentication.

     

    • Virtual Addresses: Enhanced security—no need to enter card or bank details.

     

    • QR Code Payments: Easy scan-and-pay experience.

     

    • Versatile Use: Suitable for in-app purchases, utility bills, donations, collections, and more.

     

    • Direct Complaint Handling: Users can raise issues via the mobile app itself.

     

    UPI’s Global Expansion

    India’s digital payments movement is gaining global attention, with UPI and RuPay expanding across borders. UPI is now operational in seven countries:
    UAE, Singapore, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, France, and Mauritius.

    • France marks UPI’s debut in Europe, allowing smooth payments for Indians abroad.
    • UPI is also being promoted within the BRICS group, enhancing remittances, financial inclusion, and global recognition.
       
    • As per the ACI Worldwide Report 2024, India accounted for 49% of all global real-time transactions in 2023 underscoring India’s leadership in digital payment innovation.

     Towards an inclusive digital economy

    The approved incentive scheme for FY 2024-25 marks a major step forward in India’s digital journey. It not only supports the use of BHIM-UPI among small merchants but also strengthens the country’s financial infrastructure. With UPI leading globally, India continues to set benchmarks in innovation, inclusion, and secure digital payments. Through this initiative, the Government aims to ensure that businesses of all sizes—especially at the grassroots—can benefit from seamless, secure, and cost-effective cashless transactions.

    References:

    .https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2112874

    · https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2024/dec/doc2024121462101.pdf

    · https://www.npci.org.in/what-we-do/upi/product-overview

    · https://www.npci.org.in/what-we-do/upi-lite/upi-lite-x/product-overview

    .http://npci.org.in/what-we-do/upi-123pay/product-overview 

    Click here to see in PDF:

    Santosh Kumar/ Ritu Kataria/ Anchal Patiyal

    (Release ID: 2114335) Visitor Counter : 98

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News –

    March 25, 2025
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