Category: Climate Change

  • MIL-OSI Europe: European agriculture faces growing climate risks that EU can help counter, new study finds

    Source: European Investment Bank

    • EU agriculture sector loses more than €28 billion a year as a result of adverse weather, according to new report
    • Farm insurance in Europe can play key role to keep climate risks in check, says study published by EIB and European Commission
    • EU can do more to expand insurance coverage for European farmers  

    The European Union agricultural sector loses more than €28 billion a year, on average, as a result of adverse weather such as droughts and the EU can do more to reduce such business risks, including by expanding farm insurance, according to a groundbreaking new study.

    The analysis, published jointly today by the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the European Commission, says that worsening climate change threatens to increase EU agricultural average annual losses as much as 66% by 2050, and urges a stronger EU risk-management system for the sector.

    Only 20% to 30% of climate-induced farm losses in the EU are insured through public, private or mutual systems including those supported by Europe’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Insurance coverage backed by public funding is often more effective than government compensation programmes, according to the study.

    “Climate-related risks are an increasing source of uncertainty for food production. Mitigating these risks through insurance and de-risking mechanisms is essential to support the investments of European farmers,” said EIB Vice-President Gelsomina Vigliotti. “The findings of this analysis will guide our future action as we step up support to bolster the resilience of the EU’s agricultural system.”

    The EIB Group to date has supported the EU farm industry in three main ways. One is loans and guarantees to agricultural businesses or equity stakes in them. The second is the financing of rural infrastructure such as irrigation and roads. The third is advice to public authorities and financial institutions on how EU farm grants can be used to attract funding from other sources and to limit risks included those related to climate.

    Commissioner for agriculture and food, Christophe Hansen, said: “Climate change and its consequences could restrict farmers’ access to finance, as banks could become even more reluctant to take risks than they are today. The study we are publishing today with the EIB shows that only 20% to 30% of climate-related losses are insured by public, private or mutual systems. We need to do something to cover the remaining losses. I encourage all Member States to assess and launch new financial instruments under their CAP Strategic Plans, to better prevent climate risks in the agricultural sector. I also welcome the work of the EIB Group, which is playing a key role in mobilising capital to ensure the long-term resilience of the EU’s agri-food sector.”

    The new study is the first-of-its-kind analysis of agriculture-insurance schemes across the EU. It was commissioned by the Commission’s Directorate-General for Agriculture and carried out by EIB Advisory, under the fi-compass platform, with the support of the global insurance intermediary group Howden.

    Publication of the report coincides with an EIB-Commission conference in Brussels on Insurance and access to finance for farm resilience and adaptation in the EU.

    Across the 27-nation EU, climate-induced losses for the agricultural sector average €28.3 billion a year, according to the study. That’s around 6% of annual EU crop and livestock production.

    Global warming threatens to cause greater volatility in EU agricultural yields and more instability in European farm incomes, with projected losses rising between 42% and 66% by mid-century, according to the report.

    It examines the broad impact of weather on agriculture and explores options for expanding farm insurance in Europe and for encouraging the sector to reduce risks through climate adaptation.

    Main recommendations in the report include:

    • To limit economic shocks for farmers, the EU should pursue risk-transfer measures including catastrophe bonds and public-private reinsurance arrangements
    • The EU should provide rapid-response funding when disasters occur
    • The sector as a whole should take more adaptation steps because, even with improved insurance coverage, they are critical for countering future climate risks.

    Background information   

    EIB

    The European Investment Bank (ElB) is the long-term lending institution of the European Union, owned by its Member States. The EIB finances investments in eight core priorities that support EU policy objectives: climate action and the environment, digitalisation and technological innovation, security and defence, cohesion, agriculture and the bioeconomy, social infrastructure, the capital markets union and a stronger Europe in a more peaceful and prosperous world.  

    The EIB Group, which also includes the European Investment Fund (EIF), signed nearly €89 billion in new financing for over 900 high-impact projects in 2024, boosting Europe’s competitiveness and security.    

    All projects financed by the EIB Group are aligned with the Paris Climate Agreement, as set out in our Climate Bank Roadmap. Almost 60% of the EIB Group’s annual financing supports projects that contribute directly to climate change mitigation, adaptation and a healthier environment.    

    In addition to financing, the EIB offers advisory services that help public and private partners develop and implement high-quality, investment-ready projects. In 2024 alone, EIB advisory teams helped mobilise over 200 billion of investment across Europe and beyond.

    High-quality, up-to-date photos of the organisation’s headquarters for media use are available here

    About fi-compass

    Delivered by EIB Advisory, fi-compass is a unique advisory platform established by the European Commission in partnership with the European Investment Bank (EIB). It is designed to support EU Member States and their managing authorities in the implementation of financial instruments under the European Shared Management Funds for Cohesion and Agriculture policy. The platform provides comprehensive guidance, practical know-how, and learning tools on financial instruments, helping to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of public investments.

    About Howden

    Howden is a global insurance intermediary group with employee ownership at its heart. Founded in 1994, it provides insurance broking, reinsurance broking and underwriting services and solutions to clients ranging from individuals to the largest multinational companies.

    The group operates in 55 countries across Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, the USA, Australia and New Zealand, employing 22,000 people and handling $45bn of premium on behalf of clients.

    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-Evening Report: Follow the money: the organisations that spent the most on social media during the election

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Mark Riboldi, Lecturer in Social Impact and Social Change, UTS Business School, University of Technology Sydney

    The Conversation , CC BY

    Social media advertising is an increasingly important frontier in election campaigns.

    Political parties, candidates and third-party groups – such as trade unions, industry bodies and interest groups – all spend big to push their message high into the algorithms of potential voters.




    Read more:
    What did the parties say on TikTok in the election, and how? Here’s the campaign broken down in 5 charts


    In the 2025 Australian federal election, this spend has been estimated at around A$40 million across the Meta- and Google-owned digital media platforms.

    Based on our analysis of data from the Meta Ad Library – part of a broader research project on third sector groups (not political parties or candidates) during the election – third party groups spent more than $7.5 million advertising on Meta platforms Facebook and Instagram from March 28 to May 3 – the date the election was called to polling day.

    Understanding which of these groups spent what, and on what, offers insights into the election results and modern political campaigning generally.

    Some surprises in the stats

    During the election campaign, much media commentary focused on right wing organisation Advance Australia’s digital campaigning.

    However, our analysis shows pro-Liberal/National Party groups were outspent on Meta (which owns Facebook) almost 3:1 by anti-Liberal groups.

    Much of this was focused on workers’ rights, or in opposition to the Coalition’s nuclear energy policy.

    The top 25 spending groups on Meta spent just more than $6 million between them, at a rate of around $6,500 a day. The rate of spending increased steadily during the campaign, with the bulk of the spend (more than $4 million) occurring in the final two weeks.

    On May 2, the day before the election, these 25 big spenders paid on average $16,622 to push their message on Meta social media platforms.

    Conservative campaign group Advance Australia spent just less than $50,000 on Meta on the final day of the campaign (social media advertising is exempt from the two-day ad-blackout laws affecting traditional media operators).

    Advance was the biggest third-party campaigning group on Meta during the election, spending more than $1 million during the campaign’s 37 days.

    Advance’s left-wing competitor during the campaign was the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), which spent around $475,000 on Meta advertising across the campaign, including more than $52,000 on May 2.

    While the ACTU spent less than half of Advance’s spend across Meta during the campaign, it spent three times as much on YouTube/Google advertising. Data from the Google Ad Transparency Center reveals the ACTU spent $928,000 on the platform between March 28 and May 3, whereas Advance spent $296,000 during the same period.

    Key battlegrounds: climate and energy

    The other two big Meta spenders the day before polling day highlight the key policy contest among third party organisations – the Coalition’s proposal to introduce nuclear powered energy to Australia.

    Nuclear for Australia was the biggest spender on Meta on May 2, spending more than $65,000 in one day. Its direct counterpoint, Liberals Against Nuclear, spent a touch more than $32,000 on the same day.

    However, during the whole campaign, Liberals Against Nuclear spent more ($246,000 compared to Nuclear for Australia’s $236,000).

    An anti-nuclear message was particularly prominent across the top 25 spending groups on Meta. Of the 15 organisations we identified as being explicitly anti-Liberal, nine were climate organisations with an anti-nuclear message.

    These nine organisations spent a total of $2.5 million across Meta during the course of the campaign.

    The most significant of these was Climate 200, which spent almost $900,000 on Meta during the election campaign.

    Another key anti-nuclear nuclear campaigner on Meta was Climate Action Network Australia (CANA), which spent almost $400,000 between March 28 and May 3 across two different Facebook pages, and Hothouse Magazine, which spent almost $300,000 on pro-renewables advertising.

    Together, the 15 explicitly anti-Liberal groups spent more than $3.6 million during the election, far eclipsing the two clear pro-Liberal groups, Advance Australia and Nuclear for Australia, which spent around $1.3 million between them.

    So, what insights might these findings offer into the election results?

    What may the future hold?

    There certainly appears to be a correlation between the historic low Coalition vote and the outspending of pro-Liberal entities on Meta.




    Read more:
    Political parties can recover after a devastating election loss. But the Liberals will need to think differently


    Outside of Advance and Nuclear for Australia’s Meta campaigning, big-spending right-wing groups such as Australians for Prosperity, Better Australia and Australian Taxpayer’s Alliance seemed more singularly focused on tearing down the Greens and Climate 200-backed independents than on helping the Coalition win government.

    In contrast, the anti-Dutton and anti-nuclear focus of the anti-Liberal third party spending has a degree of collective discipline about it, which is probably indicative of the strength of the workers’ rights and climate movements in Australia.

    Additionally, the climate movement’s strong anti-nuclear campaign may have presented a message which glossed over Labor’s climate failures during the previous term.

    This may have sent some pro-climate voters to Labor rather than to the Greens or Climate 200 independents. For their part, these organisations appeared to campaign more around the opportunities of a possible minority government than on environmental issues.

    Civil society actors such as trade unions and industry groups have a long history of involvement in Australian politics.

    The increasing non-major party vote, now around a third of all voters, means there are now more voices in our democratic processes.

    This in turn creates more opportunities for third party organisations to influence policy debate and election outcomes.

    Mark Riboldi does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. Follow the money: the organisations that spent the most on social media during the election – https://theconversation.com/follow-the-money-the-organisations-that-spent-the-most-on-social-media-during-the-election-256784

    MIL OSI AnalysisEveningReport.nz

  • MIL-Evening Report: David Littleproud cites nuclear energy disagreement as major factor in Coalition split

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By John Quiggin, Professor, School of Economics, The University of Queensland

    Nationals’ leader David Littleproud has singled out nuclear energy as a key reason for his party’s spectacular split from the Liberals, as both parties seek to rebuild following the Coalition’s devastating election loss.

    Speaking to the media on Tuesday, Littleproud said:

    our party room has got to a position where we will not be re-entering a Coalition agreement with the Liberal Party […] Those positions that we couldn’t get comfort around [include] nuclear being a part of an energy grid into the future.

    The junior partner had long held strong sway over the Coalition’s climate and energy stance, including the plan to build nuclear reactors at seven sites across Australia using taxpayer funds.

    After public sentiment appeared to go against nuclear power during the election, the Nationals had reportedly been weighing up changes to the policy. It would have involved walking away from the plan to build reactors and instead lifting a federal ban on nuclear power.

    But some quarters of the Nationals remained deeply wedded to the original nuclear plan. Meanwhile, Nationals senator Matt Canavan had called for the net-zero emissions target to be scrapped, and Nationals senator Bridget McKenzie insisted renewable energy was harming regional communities.

    Now, with the Nationals unshackled from the binds of the Coalition agreement, the future of its energy policy will be keenly watched.

    A graceful way out of nuclear

    Littleproud on Tuesday did not confirm where exactly he expected the Nationals to land on energy policy. But he rejected suggestions his party was unwise to stick with the nuclear policy after the Coalition’s poor election result, saying public opinion had been swayed by a “scare campaign”.

    Even if the Coalition had won the election, however, the policy was running out of time.

    CSIRO analysis showed, contrary to the Coalition’s claims, a nuclear program that began this year was unlikely to deliver power by 2037. But up to 90% of coal-fired power stations in the national electricity market are projected to retire before 2035, and the entire fleet is due to shut down before 2040.

    Now, the earliest possible start date for nuclear is after the 2028 election. This means plugging nuclear plants into the grid as coal-fired power stations retire becomes virtually impossible.

    This very impossibility provided the National Party with a graceful way out of the policy. It could have regretfully accepted the moment had passed.

    With nuclear out of the picture, and coal-fired power almost certain to be phased out, that would have left two choices for the Coalition: a grid dominated by gas, or one dominated by renewables.

    However, expanding gas supply frequently requires the controversial process of fracking, which is deservedly unpopular in many regions where it’s undertaken.

    What’s more, gas is an expensive energy source which can only be a marginal add-on in the electricity mix, used alongside batteries to secure the system during peak times.

    Logically, that would have left renewable energy as the only feasible energy policy option for the Nationals – but it wasn’t to be.

    ‘Technology agnostic’?

    Littleproud claims the party is technology agnostic about energy policy. In practice, that would mean choosing the technology that can reduce emissions most rapidly and cheaply, rather than being bound by ideology or political expediency.

    In principle, this approach is the right one. Many energy sources can reduce carbon emissions, including solar and wind (backed up by energy storage), nuclear, hydro-electricity, and even gas and coal if emissions can be captured and stored.

    But the Nationals’ claim to agnosticism is not reflected in its actual policies which, in recent years, have been characterised by dogmatic faith in nuclear and so-called “clean” coal, and an equally dogmatic rejection of solar, wind and battery storage.

    The Nationals’ hostility to renewables may in part be driven by pressure from anti-renewable activist groups.

    The Institute of Public Affairs, for example, has sought to promote rural opposition to renewables and emissions reduction and focused its efforts on Nationals-held seats

    And the now-defunct Waubra Foundation, named after the small town in northwest Victoria, opposed wind farms and claimed they caused health problems. The group was created by an oil and gas executive with no apparent links to the town.

    What about net-zero?

    Elements of the Nationals had been calling for the Coalition to abandon support for Australia’s target of net-zero emissions by 2050.

    This would mostly have been a symbolic measure, since the target does not require, or prohibit, any particular policy in the short run. It may, however, have exposed Australia’s agricultural exports to tariffs on carbon-intensive goods.

    The move would have been disastrous for the Liberals’ chances of regaining urban seats, and for investment in renewable energy. So it was never likely to be accepted as part of a Coalition agreement.

    The Nationals could have chosen to accept the target in return for concessions elsewhere. Or it might have sought an agreement with the Liberals where the parties agreed to differ.

    It’s not clear what role, if any, net-zero played in the dissolution of the Coalition agreement. But in the end, the Nationals decided to walk away from it altogether.

    Renewables can be good for the bush

    Nationals Senate leader Bridget McKenzie last week said her party was concerned that renewable energy targets are “impacting rural and regional communities”. The party has long voiced concern about the impact of large-scale wind and solar projects in the bush.

    However, many farmers and other rural landowners benefit financially from hosting solar and wind farms, which, in many cases, do not prevent the land from also being used for farming.

    Concerns that wind farms and solar panels might slash the value of neighbouring properties have been shown to be ill-founded.

    And importantly, the increasing frequency of extreme climate events is already a challenge to Australia’s agriculture sector and will become more difficult. Tackling the problem is in regional Australia’s interests.

    The Nationals’ hostility to renewable energy comes at a cost to rural and regional Australians. But Littleproud clearly could not balance competing views within the Nationals on energy policy while inking a deal with the Liberals. Instead, the party will now go it alone.

    John Quiggin is a former Member of the Climate Change Authority and has written extensively in support of a transition to clean energy

    ref. David Littleproud cites nuclear energy disagreement as major factor in Coalition split – https://theconversation.com/david-littleproud-cites-nuclear-energy-disagreement-as-major-factor-in-coalition-split-256904

    MIL OSI AnalysisEveningReport.nz

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: President Lai delivers address on first anniversary of taking office  

    Source: Republic of China Taiwan

    Details
    2025-05-13
    President Lai interviewed by Japan’s Nikkei  
    In a recent interview with Japan’s Nikkei, President Lai Ching-te responded to questions regarding Taiwan-Japan and Taiwan-United States relations, cross-strait relations, the semiconductor industry, and the international economic and trade landscape. The interview was published by Nikkei on May 13. President Lai indicated that Nikkei, Inc. is a global news organization that has received significant recognition both domestically and internationally, and that he is deeply honored to be interviewed by Nikkei and grateful for their invitation. The president said that he would like to take this rare opportunity to thank Japan’s government, National Diet, society, and public for their longstanding support for Taiwan. Noting that current Prime Minister Ishiba Shigeru and former Prime Ministers Abe Shinzo, Suga Yoshihide, and Kishida Fumio have all strongly supported Taiwan, he said that the peoples of Taiwan and Japan also have a deep mutual affection, and that through the interview, he hopes to enhance the bilateral relationship between Taiwan and Japan, deepen the affection between our peoples, and foster more future cooperation to promote prosperity and development in both countries. In response to questions raised on the free trade system and the recent tariff war, President Lai indicated that over the past few decades, the free economy headed by the Western world and led by the US has brought economic prosperity and political stability to Taiwan and Japan. At the same time, he said, we have also learned or followed many Western values. The president said he believes that Taiwan and Japan are exemplary students, but some countries are not. Therefore, he said, the biggest crisis right now is China, which exploits the free trade system to engage in plagiarism and counterfeiting, infringe on intellectual property rights, and even provide massive government subsidies that facilitate the dumping of low-priced goods worldwide, which has a major impact on many countries including Japan and Taiwan. If this kind of unfair trade is not resolved, he said, the stable societies and economic prosperity we have painstakingly built over decades, as well as some of the values we pursue, could be destroyed. Therefore, President Lai said he thinks it is worthwhile for us to observe the recent willingness of the US to address unfair trade, and if necessary, offer assistance. President Lai emphasized that the national strategic plan for Taiwanese industries is for them to be rooted in Taiwan while expanding their global presence and marketing worldwide. Therefore, he said, while the 32 percent tariff increase imposed by the US on Taiwan is indeed a major challenge, we are willing to address it seriously and find opportunities within that challenge, making Taiwan’s strategic plan for industry even more comprehensive. When asked about Taiwan’s trade arrangements, President Lai indicated that in 2010 China accounted for 83.8 percent of Taiwan’s outbound investment, but last year it accounted for only 7.5 percent. In 2020, he went on, 43.9 percent of Taiwan’s exports went to China, but that figure dropped to 31.7 percent in 2024. The president said that we have systematically transferred investments from Taiwanese enterprises to Japan, Southeast Asia, Europe, and the US. Therefore, he said, last year Taiwan’s largest outbound investment was in the US, accounting for roughly 40 percent of the total. Nevertheless, only 23.4 percent of Taiwanese products were sold to the US, with 76.6 percent sold to places other than the US, he said.  The president emphasized that we don’t want to put all our eggs in one basket, and hope to establish a global presence. Under these circumstances, he said, Taiwan is very eager to cooperate with Japan. President Lai stated that at this moment, the Indo-Pacific and international community really need Japan’s leadership, especially to make the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) excel in its functions, and also requested Japan to support Taiwan’s CPTPP accession. The president said that Taiwan hopes to sign an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with Japan to build closer ties in economic trade and promote further investment, and that we also hope to strengthen relations with the European Union, and even other regions. Currently, he said, we are proposing an initiative on global semiconductor supply chain partnerships for democracies, because the semiconductor industry is an ecosystem. The president raised the example that Japan has materials, equipment, and technology; the US has IC design and marketing; Taiwan has production and manufacturing; and the Netherlands excels in equipment, saying we therefore hope to leverage Taiwan’s advantages in production and manufacturing to connect the democratic community and establish a global non-red supply chain for semiconductors, ensuring further world prosperity and development in the future, and ensuring that free trade can continue to function without being affected by dumping, which would undermine future prosperity and development. The president stated that as we want industries to expand their global presence and market internationally while staying rooted here in Taiwan, having industries rooted in Taiwan involves promoting pay raises for employees, tax cuts, and deregulation, as well as promoting enterprise investment tax credits. He said that we have also proposed Three Major Programs for Investing in Taiwan for Taiwanese enterprises and are actively resolving issues regarding access to water, electricity, land, human resources, and professional talent so that the business community can return to Taiwan to invest, or enterprises in Taiwan can increase their investments. He went on to say that we are also actively signing bilateral investment agreements with friends and allies so that when our companies invest and expand their presence abroad, their rights and interests as investors are ensured.  President Lai mentioned that Taiwan hopes to sign an EPA with Japan, similar to the Taiwan-US Initiative on 21st-Century Trade and the Economic Prosperity Partnership Dialogue, or the Enhanced Trade Partnership arrangement with the United Kingdom, or similar agreements or memorandums of understanding with Canada and Australia that allow Taiwanese products to be marketed worldwide, concluding that those are our overall arrangements. Looking at the history of Taiwan’s industrial development, President Lai indicated, of course it began in Taiwan, and then moved west to China and south to Southeast Asia. He said that we hope to take this opportunity to strengthen cooperation with Japan to the north, across the Pacific Ocean to the east, and develop the North American market, making Taiwan’s industries even stronger. In other words, he said, while Taiwan sees the current reciprocal tariffs imposed by the US as a kind of challenge, it also views these changes positively. On the topic of pressure from China affecting Taiwan’s participation in international frameworks such as the CPTPP or its signing of an EPA with Japan, President Lai responded that the key point is what kind of attitude we should adopt in viewing China’s acts of oppression. If we act based on our belief in free trade, he said, or on the universal values we pursue – democracy, freedom, and respect for human rights – and also on the understanding that a bilateral trade agreement between Taiwan and Japan would contribute to the economic prosperity and development of both countries, or that Taiwan’s accession to the CPTPP would benefit progress and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific region, then he hopes that friends and allies will strongly support us. On the Trump administration’s intentions regarding the reciprocal tariff policy and the possibility of taxing semiconductors, as well as how Taiwan plans to respond, President Lai said that since President Trump took office, he has paid close attention to interviews with both him and his staff. The president said that several of President Trump’s main intentions are: First, he wants to address the US fiscal situation. For example, President Lai said, while the US GDP is about US$29 trillion annually, its national debt stands at US$36 trillion, which is roughly 124 percent of GDP. Second, he went on, annual government spending exceeds US$6.5 trillion, but revenues are only around US$4.5 trillion, resulting in a nearly US$2 trillion deficit each year, about 7 percent of GDP. Third, he said, the US pays nearly US$1.2 trillion in interest annually, which exceeds the US$1 trillion defense budget and accounts for more than 3 percent of GDP. Fourth, President Trump still wants to implement tax cuts, aiming to reduce taxes for 85 percent of Americans, he said, noting that this would cost between US$500 billion and US$1 trillion. These points, President Lai said, illustrate his first goal: solving the fiscal problem. President Lai went on to say that second, the US feels the threat of China and believes that reindustrialization is essential; without reindustrialization, the US risks a growing gap in industrial capacity compared to China. Third, he said, in this era of global smart technology, President Trump wants to lead the nation to become a world center of AI. Fourth, he aims to ensure world peace and prevent future wars, President Lai said. In regard to what the US seeks to achieve, he said he believes these four areas form the core of the Trump administration’s intentions, and that is why President Trump has raised tariffs, demanded that trading partners purchase more American goods, and encouraged friendly and allied nations to invest in the US, all in order to achieve these goals. President Lai indicated that the 32 percent reciprocal tariff poses a critical challenge for Taiwan, and we must treat it seriously. He said that our approach is not confrontation, but negotiation to reduce tariffs, and that we have also agreed to measures such as procurement, investment, resolving non-tariff trade barriers, and addressing origin washing in order to effectively reduce the trade deficit between Taiwan and the US. Of course, he said, through this negotiation process, we also hope to turn challenges into opportunities. The president said that first, we aim to start negotiations from the proposal of zero tariffs and seek to establish a bilateral trade agreement with the US. Second, he went on, we hope to support US reindustrialization and its aim to become a world AI hub through investment, while simultaneously upgrading and transforming Taiwan’s industries, which would help further integrate Taiwan’s industries into the US economic structure, ensuring Taiwan’s long-term development.  President Lai emphasized again that Taiwan’s national industrial strategy is for industries to stay firmly rooted in Taiwan while expanding their global presence and marketing worldwide. He repeated that we have gone from moving westward across the Taiwan Strait, to shifting southbound, to working closer northward with Japan, and now the time is ripe for us to expand eastward by investing in North America. In other words, he said, while we take this challenge seriously to protect national interests and ensure that no industry is sacrificed, we also hope these negotiations will lead to deeper Taiwan-US trade relations through Taiwanese investment in the US, concluding that these are our expectations. The president stated that naturally, the reciprocal tariffs imposed by the US will have an impact on Taiwanese industries, so in response, the Taiwanese government has already proposed support measures for affected industries totaling NT$93 billion. In addition, he said, we have outlined broader needs for Taiwan’s long-term development, which will be covered by a special budget proposal of NT$410 billion, noting that this has already been approved by the Executive Yuan and will be submitted to the Legislative Yuan for review. He said that this special budget proposal addresses four main areas: supporting industries, stabilizing employment, protecting people’s livelihoods, and enhancing resilience. As for tariffs on semiconductors, President Lai said, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) has committed to investing in the US at the request of its customers. He said he believes that TSMC’s industry chain will follow suit, and that these are concrete actions that are unrelated to tariffs. However, he said, if the US were to invoke Section 232 and impose tariffs on semiconductors or related industries, it would discourage Taiwanese semiconductor and ICT investments in the US, and that we will make this position clear to the US going forward. President Lai indicated that among Taiwan’s exports to the US, there are two main categories: ICT products and electronic components, which together account for 65.4 percent. These are essential to the US, he said, unlike final goods such as cups, tables, or mattresses. He went on to say that what Taiwan sells to the US are the technological products required by AI designers like NVIDIA, AMD, Amazon, Google, and Apple, and that therefore, we will make sure the US understands clearly that we are not exporting end products, but the high-tech components necessary for the US to reindustrialize and become a global AI center. Furthermore, the president said, Taiwan is also willing to increase its defense budget and military procurement. He stated that Taiwan is committed to defending itself and is strongly willing to cooperate with friends and allies to ensure regional peace and stability, and that this is also something President Trump hopes to see. Asked whether TSMC’s fabs overseas could weaken Taiwan’s strategic position as a key hub for semiconductor manufacturing, and whether that could then give other countries fewer incentives to protect Taiwan, President Lai responded by saying that political leaders around the world including Japan’s Prime Minister Ishiba and former Prime Ministers Abe, Suga, and Kishida have emphasized, at the G7 and other major international fora, that peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait are essential for global security and prosperity. In other words, he explained, the international community cares about Taiwan and supports peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait because Taiwan is located in the first island chain in the Indo-Pacific, directly facing China. He pointed out that if Taiwan is not protected, China’s expansionist ambitions will certainly grow, which would impact the current rules-based international order. Thus, he said, the international community willingly cares about Taiwan and supports stability in the Taiwan Strait – that is the reason, and it has no direct connection with TSMC. He noted that after all, TSMC has not made investments in that many countries, stressing that, on that point, it is clear. President Lai said that TSMC’s investments in Japan, Europe, and the US are all natural, normal economic and investment activities. He said that Taiwan is a democratic country whose society is based on the rule of law, so when Taiwanese companies need to invest around the world for business needs, the government will support those investments in principle so long as they do not harm national interests. President Lai said that after TSMC Chairman C.C. Wei (魏哲家) held a press conference with President Trump to announce the investment in the US, Chairman Wei returned to Taiwan to hold a press conference with him at the Presidential Office, where the chairman explained to the Taiwanese public that TSMC’s R&D center will remain in Taiwan and that the facilities it has already committed to investing in here will not change and will not be affected. So, the president explained, to put it another way, TSMC will not be weakened by its investment in the US. He further emphasized that Taiwan has strengths in semiconductor manufacturing and is very willing to work alongside other democratic countries to promote the next stage of global prosperity and development. A question was raised about which side should be chosen between the US and China, under the current perception of a return to the Cold War, with East and West facing off as two opposing blocs. President Lai responded by saying that some experts and scholars describe the current situation as entering a new Cold War era between democratic and authoritarian camps; others assert that the war has already begun, including information warfare, economic and trade wars, and the ongoing wars in Europe – the Russo-Ukrainian War – and the Middle East, and the Israel-Hamas conflict. The president said that these are all matters experts have cautioned about, noting that he is not a historian and so will not attempt to define today’s political situation from an academic standpoint. However, he said, he believes that every country has a choice, which is to say, Taiwan, Japan, or any other nation does not necessarily have to choose between the US and China. What we are deciding, he said, is whether our country will maintain a democratic constitutional system or regress into an authoritarian regime, and this is essentially a choice of values – not merely a choice between two major powers. President Lai said that Taiwan’s situation is different from other countries because we face a direct threat from China. He pointed out that we have experienced military conflicts such as the August 23 Artillery Battle and the Battle of Guningtou – actual wars between the Republic of China and the People’s Republic of China. He said that China’s ambition to annex Taiwan has never wavered, and that today, China’s political and military intimidation, as well as internal united front infiltration, are growing increasingly intense. Therefore, he underlined, to defend democracy and sovereignty, protect our free and democratic system, and ensure the safety of our people’s lives and property, Taiwan’s choice is clear. President Lai said that China’s military exercises are not limited to the Taiwan Strait, and include the East China Sea, South China Sea, and even the Sea of Japan, as well as areas around Korea and Australia. Emphasizing that Taiwan, Japan, Australia, and the Philippines are all democratic nations, the president said that Taiwan’s choice is clear, and that he believes Japan also has no other choice. We are all democratic countries, he said, whose people have long pursued the universal values of democracy, freedom, and respect for human rights, and that is what is most important. Regarding the intensifying tensions between the US and China, the president was asked what roles Taiwan and Japan can play. President Lai responded that in his view, Japan is a powerful nation, and he sincerely hopes that Japan can take a leading role amid these changes in the international landscape. He said he believes that countries in the Indo-Pacific region are also willing to respond. He suggested several areas where we can work together: first, democracy and peace; second, innovation and prosperity; and third, justice and sustainability. President Lai stated that in the face of authoritarian threats, we should let peace be our beacon and democracy our compass as we respond to the challenges posed by authoritarian states. Second, he added, as the world enters an era characterized by the comprehensive adoption of smart technologies, Japan and Taiwan should collaborate in the field of innovation to further drive regional prosperity and development. Third, he continued, is justice and sustainability. He explained that because international society still has many issues that need to be resolved, Taiwan and Japan can cooperate for the public good, helping countries in need around the world, and cooperating to address climate change and achieve net-zero transition by 2050. Asked whether he hopes that the US will continue to be a leader in the liberal democratic system, President Lai responded by saying that although the US severed diplomatic ties with the Republic of China, for the past few decades it has assisted Taiwan in various areas such as national defense, security, and countering threats from China, based on the Taiwan Relations Act and the Six Assurances. He pointed out that Taiwan has also benefited, directly and indirectly, in terms of politics, democracy, and economic prosperity thanks to the US, and so Taiwan naturally hopes that the US remains strong and continues to lead the world. President Lai said that when the US encounters difficulties, whether financial difficulties, reindustrialization issues, or becoming a global center for AI, and hopes to receive support from its friends and allies to jointly safeguard regional peace and stability, Taiwan is willing to stand together for a common cause. If the US remains strong, he said, that helps Taiwan, the Indo-Pacific region, and the world as a whole. Noting that while the vital role of the US on the global stage has not changed, the president said that after decades of shouldering global responsibilities, it has encountered some issues. Now, it has to make adjustments, he said, stating his firm belief that it will do so swiftly, and quickly resume its leadership role in the world. Asked to comment on remarks he made during his election campaign that he would like to invite China’s President Xi Jinping for bubble tea, President Lai responded that Taiwan is a peace-loving country, and Taiwanese society is inherently kind, and therefore we hope to get along peacefully with China, living in peace and mutual prosperity. So, during his term as vice president, he said, he was expressing the goodwill of Taiwanese society. Noting that while he of course understands that China’s President Xi would have certain difficulties in accepting this, he emphasized that the goodwill of Taiwanese society has always existed. If China reflects on the past two or three decades, he said, it will see that its economy was able to develop with Taiwan as its largest foreign investor. The president explained that every year, 1 to 2 million Taiwanese were starting businesses or investing in China, creating numerous job opportunities and stabilizing Chinese society. While many Taiwanese businesses have profited, he said, Chinese society has benefited even more. He added that every time a natural disaster occurs, if China is in need, Taiwanese always offer donations. Therefore, the president said, he hopes that China can face the reality of the Republic of China’s existence and understand that the people of Taiwan hope to continue living free and democratic lives with respect for human rights. He also expressed hope that China can pay attention to the goodwill of Taiwanese society. He underlined that we have not abandoned the notion that as long as there is parity, dignity, exchange, and cooperation, the goodwill of choosing dialogue over confrontation and exchange over containment will always exist. Asked for his view on the national security reforms in response to China’s espionage activities and infiltration attempts, President Lai said that China’s united front infiltration activities in Taiwan are indeed very serious. He said that China’s ambitions to annex Taiwan rely not only on the use of political and military intimidation, but also on its long-term united front and infiltration activities in Taiwanese society. Recently, he pointed out, the Taiwan High Prosecutors Office of the Ministry of Justice prosecuted 64 spies, which is three times the number in 2021, and in addition to active-duty military personnel, many retired military personnel were also indicted. Moreover, he added, Taiwan also has the Chinese Unification Promotion Party, which has a background in organized crime, Rehabilitation Alliance Party, which was established by retired military personnel, and Republic of China Taiwan Military Government, which is also composed of retired generals. He explained that these are all China’s front organizations, and they plan one day to engage in collaboration within Taiwan, which shows the seriousness of China’s infiltration in Taiwan. Therefore, the president said, in the recent past he convened a high-level national security meeting and proposed 17 response strategies across five areas. He then enumerated the five areas: first, to address China’s threat to Taiwan’s sovereignty; second, to respond to the threat of China’s obscuring the Taiwanese people’s sense of national identity; third, to respond to the threat of China’s infiltrating and recruiting members of the ROC Armed Forces as spies; fourth, to respond to the threat of China’s infiltration of Taiwanese society through societal exchanges and united front work; and fifth, to respond to the threat of China using “integration plans” to draw Taiwan’s young people and Taiwanese businesses into its united front activities. In response to these five major threats, he said, he has proposed 17 response strategies, one of which being to restore the military trial system. He explained that if active-duty military personnel commit military crimes, they must be subject to military trials, and said that this expresses the Taiwanese government’s determination to respond to China’s united front infiltration and the subversion of Taiwan. Responding to the question of which actions Taiwan can take to guard against China’s threats to regional security, President Lai said that many people are worried that the increasingly tense situation may lead to accidental conflict and the outbreak of war. He stated his own view that Taiwan is committed to facing China’s various threats with caution. Taiwan is never the source of these problems, he emphasized, and if there is an accidental conflict and it turns into a full-scale war, it will certainly be a deliberate act by China using an accidental conflict as a pretext. He said that when China expanded its military presence in the East China Sea and South China Sea, the international community did not stop it; when China conducted exercises in the Taiwan Strait, the international community did not take strong measures to prevent this from happening. Now, he continued, China is conducting gray-zone exercises, which are aggressions against not only the Taiwan Strait, the South China Sea, and the East China Sea, but also extending to the Sea of Japan and waters near South Korea. He said that at this moment, Taiwan, the Philippines, Japan, and even the US should face these developments candidly and seriously, and we must exhibit unity and cooperation to prevent China’s gray-zone aggression from continuing to expand and prevent China from shifting from a military exercise to combat. If no action is taken now, the president said, the situation may become increasingly serious. Asked about the view of some US analysts who point out that China will have the ability to invade Taiwan around 2027, President Lai responded that Taiwan, as the country on the receiving end of threats and aggression, must plan for the worst and make the best preparations. He recalled a famous saying from the armed forces: “Do not count on the enemy not showing up; count on being ready should it strike.” This is why, he said, he proposed the Four Pillars of Peace action plan. First, he said, we must strengthen our national defense. Second, he added, we must strengthen economic resilience, adding that not only must our economy remain strong, but it must also be resilient, and that we cannot put all our eggs in the same basket, in China, as we have done in the past. Third, he continued, we must stand shoulder to shoulder with friends and allies such as Japan and the US, as well as the democratic community, and we must demonstrate the strength of deterrence to prevent China from making the wrong judgment. Fourth, he emphasized, as long as China treats Taiwan with parity and dignity, Taiwan is willing to conduct exchanges and cooperate with China and seek cross-strait peace and mutual prosperity through exchanges and cooperation. Regarding intensifying US-China confrontation, the president was asked in which areas he thinks Taiwan and Japan should strengthen cooperation; with Japan’s Ishiba administration also being a minority government, the president was asked for his expectations for the Ishiba administration. President Lai said that in the face of rapid and tremendous changes in the political situation, every government faces considerable challenges, especially for minority governments, but the Japanese government led by Prime Minister Ishiba has quite adequately responded with various strategies. Furthermore, he said, Japan is different from Taiwan, explaining that although Japan’s ruling party lacks a majority, political parties in Japan engage in competition domestically while exhibiting unity externally. He said that Taiwan’s situation is more challenging, because the ruling and opposition parties hold different views on the direction of the country, due to differences in national identity. The president expressed his hope that in the future Taiwan and Japan will enjoy even more comprehensive cooperation. He stated that he has always believed that deep historical bonds connect Taiwan and Japan. Over the past several decades, he said, when encountering natural disasters and tragedies, our two nations have assisted each other with mutual care and support. He said that the affection between the people of Taiwan and Japan is like that of a family. Pointing out that both countries face the threat of authoritarianism, he said that we share a mission to safeguard universal values such as democracy, freedom, and respect for human rights. The president said that our two countries should be more open to cooperation in various areas to maintain regional peace and stability as well as to strengthen cooperation in economic and industrial development, such as for semiconductor industry chains and everyday applications of AI, including robots and drones, adding that we can also cooperate on climate change response, such as in hydrogen energy and other strategies. He said our two countries should also continue to strengthen people-to-people exchanges. He then took the opportunity to once again invite our good friends from Japan to visit Taiwan for tourism and learn more about Taiwan, saying that the Taiwanese people wholeheartedly welcome our Japanese friends.  

    Details
    2025-04-06
    President Lai delivers remarks on US tariff policy response
    On April 6, President Lai Ching-te delivered recorded remarks regarding the impact of the 32 percent tariff that the United States government recently imposed on imports from Taiwan in the name of reciprocity. In his remarks, President Lai explained that the government will adopt five response strategies, including making every effort to improve reciprocal tariff rates through negotiations, adopting a support plan for affected domestic industries, adopting medium- and long-term economic development plans, forming new “Taiwan plus the US” arrangements, and launching industry listening tours. The president emphasized that as we face this latest challenge, the government and civil society will work hand in hand, and expressed hope that all parties, both ruling and opposition, will support the measures that the Executive Yuan will take to open up a broader path for Taiwan’s economy. A translation of President Lai’s remarks follows: My fellow citizens, good evening. The US government recently announced higher tariffs on countries around the world in the name of reciprocity, including imposing a 32 percent tariff on imports from Taiwan. This is bound to have a major impact on our nation. Various countries have already responded, and some have even adopted retaliatory measures. Tremendous changes in the global economy are expected. Taiwan is an export-led economy, and in facing future challenges there will inevitably be difficulties, so we must proceed carefully to turn danger into safety. During this time, I want to express gratitude to all sectors of society for providing valuable opinions, which the government regards highly, and will use as a reference to make policy decisions.  However, if we calmly and carefully analyze Taiwan’s trade with the US, we find that last year Taiwan’s exports to the US were valued at US$111.4 billion, accounting for 23.4 percent of total export value, with the other 75-plus percent of products sold worldwide to countries other than the US. Of products sold to the US, competitive ICT products and electronic components accounted for 65.4 percent. This shows that Taiwan’s economy does still have considerable resilience. As long as our response strategies are appropriate, and the public and private sectors join forces, we can reduce impacts. Please do not panic. To address the reciprocal tariffs by the US, Taiwan has no plans to adopt retaliatory tariffs. There will be no change in corporate investment commitments to the US, as long as they are consistent with national interests. But we must ensure the US clearly understands Taiwan’s contributions to US economic development. More importantly, we must actively seek to understand changes in the global economic situation, strengthen Taiwan-US industry cooperation, elevate the status of Taiwan industries in global supply chains, and with safeguarding the continued development of Taiwan’s economy as our goal, adopt the following five strategies to respond. Strategy one: Make every effort to improve reciprocal tariff rates through negotiations using the following five methods:  1. Taiwan has already formed a negotiation team led by Vice Premier Cheng Li-chiun (鄭麗君). The team includes members from the National Security Council, the Office of Trade Negotiations, and relevant Executive Yuan ministries and agencies, as well as academia and industry. Like the US-Mexico-Canada free trade agreement, negotiations on tariffs can start from Taiwan-US bilateral zero-tariff treatment. 2. To expand purchases from the US and thereby reduce the trade deficit, the Executive Yuan has already completed an inventory regarding large-scale procurement plans for agricultural, industrial, petroleum, and natural gas products, and the Ministry of National Defense has also proposed a military procurement list. All procurement plans will be actively pursued. 3. Expand investments in the US. Taiwan’s cumulative investment in the US already exceeds US$100 billion, creating approximately 400,000 jobs. In the future, in addition to increased investment in the US by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, other industries such as electronics, ICT, petrochemicals, and natural gas can all increase their US investments, deepening Taiwan-US industry cooperation. Taiwan’s government has helped form a “Taiwan investment in the US” team, and hopes that the US will reciprocate by forming a “US investment in Taiwan” team to bring about closer Taiwan-US trade cooperation, jointly creating a future economic golden age.  4. We must eliminate non-tariff barriers to trade. Non-tariff barriers are an indicator by which the US assesses whether a trading partner is trading fairly with the US. Therefore, we will proactively resolve longstanding non-tariff barriers so that negotiations can proceed more smoothly. 5. We must resolve two issues that have been matters of longstanding concern to the US. One regards high-tech export controls, and the other regards illegal transshipment of dumped goods, otherwise referred to as “origin washing.” Strategy two: We must adopt a plan for supporting our industries. For industries that will be affected by the tariffs, and especially traditional industries as well as micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises, we will provide timely and needed support and assistance. Premier Cho Jung-tai (卓榮泰) and his administrative team recently announced a package of 20 specific measures designed to address nine areas. Moving forward, the support we provide to different industries will depend on how they are affected by the tariffs, will take into account the particular features of each industry, and will help each industry innovate, upgrade, and transform. Strategy three: We must adopt medium- and long-term economic development plans. At this point in time, our government must simultaneously adopt new strategies for economic and industrial development. This is also the fundamental path to solutions for future economic challenges. The government will proactively cooperate with friends and allies, develop a diverse range of markets, and achieve closer integration of entities in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of industrial supply chains. This course of action will make Taiwan’s industrial ecosystem more complete, and will help Taiwanese industries upgrade and transform. We must also make good use of the competitive advantages we possess in such areas as semiconductor manufacturing, integrated chip design, ICT, and smart manufacturing to build Taiwan into an AI island, and promote relevant applications for food, clothing, housing, and transportation, as well as military, security and surveillance, next-generation communications, and the medical and health and wellness industries as we advance toward a smarter, more sustainable, and more prosperous new Taiwan. Strategy four: “Taiwan plus one,” i.e., new “Taiwan plus the US” arrangements: While staying firmly rooted in Taiwan, our enterprises are expanding their global presence and marketing worldwide. This has been our national economic development strategy, and the most important aspect is maintaining a solid base here in Taiwan. We absolutely must maintain a solid footing, and cannot allow the present strife to cause us to waver. Therefore, our government will incentivize investments, carry out deregulation, and continue to improve Taiwan’s investment climate by actively resolving problems involving access to water, electricity, land, human resources, and professional talent. This will enable corporations to stay in Taiwan and continue investing here. In addition, we must also help the overseas manufacturing facilities of offshore Taiwanese businesses to make necessary adjustments to support our “Taiwan plus one” policy, in that our national economic development strategy will be adjusted as follows: to stay firmly rooted in Taiwan while expanding our global presence, strengthening US ties, and marketing worldwide. We intend to make use of the new state of supply chains to strengthen cooperation between Taiwanese and US industries, and gain further access to US markets. Strategy five: Launch industry listening tours: All industrial firms, regardless of sector or size, will be affected to some degree once the US reciprocal tariffs go into effect. The administrative teams led by myself and Premier Cho will hear out industry concerns so that we can quickly resolve problems and make sure policies meet actual needs. My fellow citizens, over the past half-century and more, Taiwan has been through two energy crises, the Asian financial crisis, the global financial crisis, and pandemics. We have been able to not only withstand one test after another, but even turn crises into opportunities. The Taiwanese economy has emerged from these crises stronger and more resilient than ever. As we face this latest challenge, the government and civil society will work hand in hand, and I hope that all parties in the legislature, both ruling and opposition, will support the measures that the Executive Yuan will take to open up a broader path for Taiwan’s economy. Let us join together and give it our all. Thank you.

    Details
    2025-03-13
    President Lai holds press conference following high-level national security meeting
    On the afternoon of March 13, President Lai Ching-te convened a high-level national security meeting, following which he held a press conference. In remarks, President Lai introduced 17 major strategies to respond to five major national security and united front threats Taiwan now faces: China’s threat to national sovereignty, its threats from infiltration and espionage activities targeting Taiwan’s military, its threats aimed at obscuring the national identity of the people of Taiwan, its threats from united front infiltration into Taiwanese society through cross-strait exchanges, and its threats from using “integrated development” to attract Taiwanese businesspeople and youth. President Lai emphasized that in the face of increasingly severe threats, the government will not stop doing its utmost to ensure that our national sovereignty is not infringed upon, and expressed hope that all citizens unite in solidarity to resist being divided. The president also expressed hope that citizens work together to increase media literacy, organize and participate in civic education activities, promptly expose concerted united front efforts, and refuse to participate in any activities that sacrifice national interests. As long as every citizen plays their part toward our nation’s goals for prosperity and security, he said, and as long as we work together, nothing can defeat us. A translation of President Lai’s remarks follows: At many venues recently, a number of citizens have expressed similar concerns to me. They have noticed cases in which members of the military, both active-duty and retired, have been bought out by China, sold intelligence, or even organized armed forces with plans to harm their own nation and its citizens. They have noticed cases in which entertainers willingly followed instructions from Beijing to claim that their country is not a country, all for the sake of personal career interests. They have noticed how messaging used by Chinese state media to stir up internal opposition in Taiwan is always quickly spread by specific channels. There have even been individuals making careers out of helping Chinese state media record united front content, spreading a message that democracy is useless and promoting skepticism toward the United States and the military to sow division and opposition. Many people worry that our country, as well as our hard-won freedom and democracy and the prosperity and progress we achieved together, are being washed away bit by bit due to these united front tactics. In an analysis of China’s united front, renowned strategic scholar Kerry K. Gershaneck expressed that China plans to divide and conquer us through subversion, infiltration, and acquisition of media, and by launching media warfare, psychological warfare, and legal warfare. What they are trying to do is to sow seeds of discord in our society, keep us occupied with internal conflicts, and cause us to ignore the real threat from outside. China’s ambition over the past several decades to annex Taiwan and stamp out the Republic of China has not changed for even a day. It continues to pursue political and military intimidation, and its united front infiltration of Taiwan’s society grows ever more serious. In 2005, China promulgated its so-called “Anti-Secession Law,” which makes using military force to annex Taiwan a national undertaking. Last June, China issued a 22-point set of “guidelines for punishing Taiwan independence separatists,” which regards all those who do not accept that “Taiwan is part of the People’s Republic of China” as targets for punishment, creating excuses to harm the people of Taiwan. China has also recently been distorting United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758, showing in all aspects China’s increasingly urgent threat against Taiwan’s sovereignty. Lately, China has been taking advantage of democratic Taiwan’s freedom, diversity, and openness to recruit gangs, the media, commentators, political parties, and even active-duty and retired members of the armed forces and police to carry out actions to divide, destroy, and subvert us from within. A report from the National Security Bureau indicates that 64 persons were charged last year with suspicion of spying for China, which was three times the number of persons charged for the same offense in 2021. Among them, the Unionist Party, Rehabilitation Alliance Party, and Republic of China Taiwan Military Government formed treasonous organizations to deploy armed forces for China. In a democratic and free society, such cases are appalling. But this is something that actually exists within Taiwan’s society today. China also actively plots ways to infiltrate and spy on our military. Last year, 28 active-duty and 15 retired members of the armed forces were charged with suspicion of involvement in spying for China, respectively comprising 43 percent and 23 percent of all of such cases – 66 percent in total. We are also alert to the fact that China has recently used widespread issuance of Chinese passports to entice Taiwanese citizens to apply for the Residence Permit for Taiwan Residents, permanent residency, or the Resident Identity Card, in an attempt to muddle Taiwanese people’s sense of national identity. China also views cross-strait exchanges as a channel for its united front against Taiwan, marking enemies in Taiwan internally, creating internal divisions, and weakening our sense of who the enemy really is. It intends to weaken public authority and create the illusion that China is “governing” Taiwan, thereby expanding its influence within Taiwan. We are also aware that China has continued to expand its strategy of integrated development with Taiwan. It employs various methods to demand and coerce Taiwanese businesses to increase their investments in China, entice Taiwanese youth to develop their careers in China, and unscrupulously seeks to poach Taiwan’s talent and steal key technologies. Such methods impact our economic security and greatly increase the risk of our young people heading to China. By its actions, China already satisfies the definition of a “foreign hostile force” as provided in the Anti-Infiltration Act. We have no choice but to take even more proactive measures, which is my purpose in convening this high-level national security meeting today. It is time we adopt proper preventive measures, enhance our democratic resilience and national security, and protect our cherished free and democratic way of life. Next, I will be giving a detailed account of the five major national security and united front threats Taiwan now faces and the 17 major strategies we have prepared in response. I. Responding to China’s threats to our national sovereignty We have a nation insofar as we have sovereignty, and we have the Republic of China insofar as we have Taiwan. Just as I said during my inaugural address last May, and in my National Day address last October: The moment when Taiwan’s first democratically elected president took the oath of office in 1996 sent a message to the international community, that Taiwan is a sovereign, independent, democratic nation. Among people here and in the international community, some call this land the Republic of China, some call it Taiwan, and some, the Republic of China Taiwan. The Republic of China and the People’s Republic of China are not subordinate to each other, and Taiwan resists any annexation or encroachment upon our sovereignty. The future of the Republic of China Taiwan must be decided by its 23 million people. This is the status quo that we must maintain. The broadest consensus in Taiwanese society is that we must defend our sovereignty, uphold our free and democratic way of life, and resolutely oppose annexation of Taiwan by China. (1) I request that the National Security Council (NSC), the Ministry of National Defense (MND), and the administrative team do their utmost to promote the Four Pillars of Peace action plan to demonstrate the people’s broad consensus and firm resolve, consistent across the entirety of our nation, to oppose annexation of Taiwan by China. (2) I request that the NSC and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs draft an action plan that will, through collaboration with our friends and allies, convey to the world our national will and broad social consensus in opposing annexation of Taiwan by China and in countering China’s efforts to erase Taiwan from the international community and downgrade Taiwan’s sovereignty. II. Responding to China’s threats from infiltration and espionage activities targeting our military (1) Comprehensively review and amend our Law of Military Trial to restore the military trial system, allowing military judges to return to the frontline and collaborate with prosecutorial, investigative, and judicial authorities in the handling of criminal cases in which active-duty military personnel are suspected of involvement in such military crimes as sedition, aiding the enemy, leaking confidential information, dereliction of duty, or disobedience. In the future, criminal cases involving active-duty military personnel who are suspected of violating the Criminal Code of the Armed Forces will be tried by a military court. (2) Implement supporting reforms, including the establishment of a personnel management act for military judges and separate organization acts for military courts and military prosecutors’ offices. Once planning and discussion are completed, the MND will fully explain to and communicate with the public to ensure that the restoration of the military trial system gains the trust and full support of society. (3) To deter the various types of controversial rhetoric and behavior exhibited by active-duty as well as retired military personnel that severely damage the morale of our national military, the MND must discuss and propose an addition to the Criminal Code of the Armed Forces on penalties for expressions of loyalty to the enemy as well as revise the regulations for military personnel and their families receiving retirement benefits, so as to uphold military discipline. III. Responding to China’s threats aimed at obscuring the national identity of the people of Taiwan (1) I request that the Ministry of the Interior (MOI), Mainland Affairs Council (MAC), and other relevant agencies, wherever necessary, carry out inspections and management of the documents involving identification that Taiwanese citizens apply for in China, including: passports, ID cards, permanent residence certificates, and residence certificates, especially when the applicants are military personnel, civil servants, or public school educators, who have an obligation of loyalty to Taiwan. This will be done to strictly prevent and deter united front operations, which are performed by China under the guise of “integrated development,” that attempt to distort our people’s national identity. (2) With respect to naturalization and integration of individuals from China, Hong Kong, and Macau into Taiwanese society, more national security considerations must be taken into account while also attending to Taiwan’s social development and individual rights: Chinese nationals applying for permanent residency in Taiwan must, in accordance with the law of Taiwan, relinquish their existing household registration and passport and may not hold dual identity status. As for the systems in place to process individuals from Hong Kong or Macau applying for residency or permanent residency in Taiwan, there will be additional provisions for long-term residency to meet practical needs. IV. Responding to China’s threats from united front infiltration into Taiwanese society through cross-strait exchanges  (1) There are increasing risks involved with travel to China. (From January 1, 2024 to today, the MAC has received reports of 71 Taiwanese nationals who went missing, were detained, interrogated, or imprisoned in China; the number of unreported people who have been subjected to such treatment may be several times that. Of those, three elderly I-Kuan Tao members were detained in China in December of last year and have not yet been released.) In light of this, relevant agencies must raise public awareness of those risks, continue enhancing public communication, and implement various registration systems to reduce the potential for accidents and the risks associated with traveling to China. (2) Implement a disclosure system for exchanges with China involving public officials at all levels of the central and local government. This includes everyone from administrative officials to elected representatives, from legislators to village and neighborhood chiefs, all of whom should make the information related to such exchanges both public and transparent so that they can be accountable to the people. The MOI should also establish a disclosure system for exchanges with China involving public welfare organizations, such as religious groups, in order to prevent China’s interference and united front activities at their outset. (3) Manage the risks associated with individuals from China engaging in exchanges with Taiwan: Review and approval of Chinese individuals coming to Taiwan should be limited to normal cross-strait exchanges and official interactions under the principles of parity and dignity, and relevant factors such as changes in the cross-strait situation should be taken into consideration. Strict restrictions should be placed on Chinese individuals who have histories with the united front coming to Taiwan, and Chinese individuals should be prohibited from coming to Taiwan to conduct activities related in any way to the united front. (4) Political interference from China and the resulting risks to national security should be avoided in cross-strait exchanges. This includes the review and management of religious, cultural, academic, and education exchanges, which should in principle be depoliticized and de-risked so as to simplify people-to-people exchanges and promote healthy and orderly exchanges. (5) To deter the united front tactics of a cultural nature employed by Chinese nationals to undermine Taiwan’s sovereignty, the Executive Yuan must formulate a solution to make our local cultural industries more competitive, including enhanced support and incentives for our film, television, and cultural and creative industries to boost their strengths in democratic cultural creation, raise international competitiveness, and encourage research in Taiwan’s own history and culture. (6) Strengthen guidance and management for entertainers developing their careers in China. The competent authorities should provide entertainers with guidelines on conduct while working in China, and make clear the scope of investigation and response to conduct that endangers national dignity. This will help prevent China from pressuring Taiwanese entertainers to make statements or act in ways that endanger national dignity. (7) The relevant authorities must adopt proactive, effective measures to prevent China from engaging in cognitive warfare against Taiwan or endangering cybersecurity through the internet, applications, AI, and other such tools. (8) To implement these measures, each competent authority must run a comprehensive review of the relevant administrative ordinances, measures, and interpretations, and complete the relevant regulations for legal enforcement. Should there be any shortcomings, the legal framework for national security should be strengthened and amendments to the National Security Act, Anti-Infiltration Act, Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area, Laws and Regulations Regarding Hong Kong & Macao Affairs, or Cyber Security Management Act should be proposed. Communication with the public should also be increased so that implementation can happen as soon as possible. V. Responding to threats from China using “integrated development” to attract Taiwanese businesspeople and youth (1) I request that the NSC and administrative agencies work together to carry out strategic structural adjustments to the economic and trade relations between Taiwan and China based on the strategies of putting Taiwan first and expanding our global presence while staying rooted in Taiwan. In addition, they should carry out necessary, orderly adjustments to the flow of talent, goods, money, and skills involved in cross-strait economic and trade relations based on the principle of strengthening Taiwan’s foundations to better manage risk. This will help boost economic security and give us more power to respond to China’s economic and trade united front and economic coercion against Taiwan. (2) I request that the Ministry of Education, MAC, Ministry of Economic Affairs, and other relevant agencies work together to comprehensively strengthen young students’ literacy education on China and deepen their understanding of cross-strait exchanges. I also request these agencies to widely publicize mechanisms for employment and entrepreneurship for Taiwan’s youth and provide ample information and assistance so that young students have more confidence in the nation’s future and more actively invest in building up and developing Taiwan. My fellow citizens, this year marks the 80th anniversary of the end of the Second World War. History tells us that any authoritarian act of aggression or annexation will ultimately end in failure. The only way we can safeguard freedom and prevail against authoritarian aggression is through solidarity. As we face increasingly severe threats, the government will not stop doing its utmost to ensure that our national sovereignty is not infringed upon, and to ensure that the freedom, democracy, and way of life of Taiwan’s 23 million people continues on as normal. But relying solely on the power of the government is not enough. What we need even more is for all citizens to stay vigilant and take action. Every citizen stands on the frontline of the defense of democracy and freedom. Here is what we can do together: First, we can increase our media literacy, and refrain from spreading and passing on united front messaging from the Chinese state. Second, we can organize and participate in civic education activities to increase our knowledge about united front operations and build up whole-of-society defense resilience. Third, we can promptly expose concerted united front efforts so that all malicious attempts are difficult to carry out. Fourth, we must refuse to participate in any activities that sacrifice national interests. The vigilance and action of every citizen forms the strongest line of defense against united front infiltration. Only through solidarity can we resist being divided. As long as every citizen plays their part toward our nation’s goals for prosperity and security, and as long as we work together, nothing can defeat us.

    Details
    2025-02-14
    President Lai holds press conference following high-level national security meeting
    On the morning of February 14, President Lai Ching-te convened the first high-level national security meeting of the year, following which he held a press conference. In remarks, President Lai announced that in this new year, the government will prioritize special budget allocations to ensure that Taiwan’s defense budget exceeds 3 percent of GDP. He stated that the government will also continue to reform national defense, reform our legal framework for national security, and advance our economic and trade strategy of being rooted in Taiwan while expanding globally. The president also proposed clear-cut national strategies for Taiwan-US relations, semiconductor industry development, and cross-strait relations. President Lai indicated that he instructed the national security and administrative teams to take swift action and deliver results, working within a stable strategic framework and according to the various policies and approaches outlined. He also instructed them to keep a close watch on changes in the international situation, seize opportunities whenever they arise, and address the concerns and hope of the citizens with concrete actions. He expressed hope that as long as citizens remain steadfast in their convictions, are willing to work hand in hand, stand firm amidst uncertainty, and look for ways to win within changing circumstances, Taiwan is certain to prevail in the test of time yet again. A translation of President Lai’s remarks follows: First, I would like to convey my condolences for the tragic incident which occurred at the Shin Kong Mitsukoshi department store in Taichung, which resulted in numerous casualties. I have instructed Premier Cho Jung-tai (卓榮泰) to lead the relevant central government agencies in assisting Taichung’s municipal government with actively resolving various issues regarding the incident. It is my hope that these issues can be resolved efficiently. Earlier today, I convened this year’s first high-level national security meeting. I will now report on the discussions from the meeting to all citizens. 2025 is a year full of challenges, but also a year full of hope. In today’s global landscape, the democratic world faces common threats posed by the convergence of authoritarian regimes, while dumping and unfair competition from China undermine the global economic order. A new United States administration was formed at the beginning of the year, adopting all-new strategies and policies to address challenges both domestic and from overseas. Every nation worldwide, including ours, is facing a new phase of changes and challenges. In face of such changes, ensuring national security, ensuring Taiwan’s indispensability in global supply chains, and ensuring that our nation continues to make progress amidst challenges are our top priorities this year. They are also why we convened a high-level national security meeting today. At the meeting, the national security team, the administrative team led by Premier Cho, and I held an in-depth discussion based on the overall state of affairs at home and abroad and the strategies the teams had prepared in response. We summed up the following points as an overall strategy for the next stage of advancing national security and development. First, for overall national security, so that we can ensure the freedom, democracy, and human rights of the Taiwanese people, as well as the progress and development of the nation as we face various threats from authoritarian regimes, Taiwan must resolutely safeguard national sovereignty, strengthen self-sufficiency in national defense, and consolidate national defense. Taiwan must enhance economic resilience, maintain economic autonomy, and stand firm with other democracies as we deepen our strategic partnerships with like-minded countries. As I have said, “As authoritarianism consolidates, democratic nations must come closer in solidarity!” And so, in this new year, we will focus on the following three priorities: First, to demonstrate our resolve for national defense, we will continue to reform national defense, implement whole-of-society defense resilience, and prioritize special budget allocations to ensure that our defense budget exceeds 3 percent of GDP. Second, to counter the threats to our national security from China’s united front tactics, attempts at infiltration, and cognitive warfare, we will continue with the reform of our legal framework for national security and expand the national security framework to boost societal resilience and foster unity within. Third, to seize opportunities in the restructuring of global supply chains and realignment of the economic order, we will continue advancing our economic and trade strategy of being rooted in Taiwan while expanding globally, strengthening protections for high-tech, and collaborating with our friends and allies to build supply chains for global democracies. Everyone shares concern regarding Taiwan-US relations, semiconductor industry development, and cross-strait relations. For these issues, I am proposing clear-cut national strategies. First, I will touch on Taiwan-US relations. Taiwan and the US have shared ideals and values, and are staunch partners within the democratic, free community. We are very grateful to President Donald Trump’s administration for their continued support for Taiwan after taking office. We are especially grateful for the US and Japan’s joint leaders’ statement reiterating “the importance of maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait as an indispensable element of security and prosperity for the international community,” as well as their high level of concern regarding China’s threat to regional security. In fact, the Democratic Progressive Party government has worked very closely with President Trump ever since his first term in office, and has remained an international partner. The procurement of numerous key advanced arms, freedom of navigation critical for security and stability in the Taiwan Strait, and many assisted breakthroughs in international diplomacy were made possible during this time. Positioned in the first island chain and on the democratic world’s frontline countering authoritarianism, Taiwan is willing and will continue to work with the US at all levels as we pursue regional stability and prosperity, helping realize our vision of a free and open Indo-Pacific. Although changes in policy may occur these next few years, the mutual trust and close cooperation between Taiwan and Washington will steadfastly endure. On that, our citizens can rest assured. In accordance with the Taiwan Relations Act and the Six Assurances, the US announced a total of 48 military sales to Taiwan over the past eight years amounting to US$26.265 billion. During President Trump’s first term, 22 sales were announced totaling US$18.763 billion. This greatly supported Taiwan’s defensive capabilities. On the foundation of our close cooperation with the past eight years’ two US administrations, Taiwan will continue to demonstrate our determination for self-defense, accelerate the bolstering of our national defense, and keep enhancing the depth and breadth of Taiwan-US security cooperation, along with all manner of institutional cooperation. In terms of bilateral economic cooperation, Taiwan has always been one of the US’s most reliable trade partners, as well as one of the most important cooperative partners of US companies in the global semiconductor industry. In the past few years, Taiwan has greatly increased both direct and indirect investment in the US. By 2024, investment surpassed US$100 billion, creating nearly 400,000 job opportunities. In 2023 and 2024, investment in the US accounted for over 40 percent of Taiwan’s overall foreign investment, far surpassing our investment in China. In fact, in 2023 and 2024, Taiwanese investment in China fell to 11 percent and 8 percent, respectively. The US is now Taiwan’s biggest investment target. Our government is now launching relevant plans in accordance with national development needs and the need to establish secure supply systems, and the Executive Yuan is taking comprehensive inventory of opportunities for Taiwan-US economic and trade cooperation. Moving forward, close bilateral cooperation will allow us to expand US investment and procurement, facilitating balanced trade. Our government will also strengthen guidance and support for Taiwanese enterprises on increasing US investment, and promote the global expansion and growth of Taiwan’s industries. We will also boost Taiwan-US cooperation in tech development and manufacturing for AI and advanced semiconductors, and work together to maintain order in the semiconductor market, shaping a new era for our strategic economic partnership. Second, the development of our semiconductor industry. I want to emphasize that Taiwan, as one of the world’s most capable semiconductor manufacturing nations, is both willing and able to address new situations. With respect to President Trump’s concerns about our semiconductor industry, the government will act prudently, strengthen communications between Taiwan and the US, and promote greater mutual understanding. We will pay attention to the challenges arising from the situation and assist businesses in navigating them. In addition, we will introduce an initiative on semiconductor supply chain partnerships for global democracies. We are willing to collaborate with the US and our other democratic partners to develop more resilient and diversified semiconductor supply chains. Leveraging our strengths in cutting-edge semiconductors, we will form a global alliance for the AI chip industry and establish democratic supply chains for industries connected to high-end chips. Through international cooperation, we will open up an entirely new era of growth in the semiconductor industry. As we face the various new policies of the Trump administration, we will continue to uphold a spirit of mutual benefit, and we will continue to communicate and negotiate closely with the US government. This will help the new administration’s team to better understand how Taiwan is an indispensable partner in the process of rebuilding American manufacturing and consolidating its leadership in high-tech, and that Taiwan-US cooperation will benefit us both. Third, cross-strait relations. Regarding the regional and cross-strait situation, Taiwan-US relations, US-China relations, and interactions among Taiwan, the US, and China are a focus of global attention. As a member of the international democratic community and a responsible member of the region, Taiwan hopes to see Taiwan-US relations continue to strengthen and, alongside US-China relations, form a virtuous cycle rather than a zero-sum game where one side’s gain is another side’s loss. In facing China, Taiwan will always be a responsible actor. We will neither yield nor provoke. We will remain resilient and composed, maintaining our consistent position on cross-strait relations: Our determination to safeguard our national sovereignty and protect our free and democratic way of life remains unchanged. Our efforts to maintain peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait, as well as our willingness to work alongside China in the pursuit of peace and mutual prosperity across the strait, remain unchanged. Our commitment to promoting healthy and orderly exchanges across the strait, choosing dialogue over confrontation, and advancing well-being for the peoples on both sides of the strait, under the principles of parity and dignity, remains unchanged. Regarding the matters I reported to the public today, I have instructed our national security and administrative teams to take swift action and deliver results, working within a stable strategic framework and according to the various policies and approaches I just outlined. I have also instructed them to keep a close watch on changes in the international situation, seize opportunities whenever they arise, and address the concerns and hope of the citizens with concrete actions. My fellow citizens, over the past several years, Taiwan has weathered a global pandemic and faced global challenges, both political and economic, arising from the US-China trade war and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Through it all, Taiwan has persevered; we have continued to develop our economy, bolster our national strength, and raise our international profile while garnering more support – all unprecedented achievements. This is all because Taiwan’s fate has never been decided by the external environment, but by the unity of the Taiwanese people and the resolve to never give up. A one-of-a-kind global situation is creating new strategic opportunities for our one-of-a-kind Taiwanese people, bringing new hope. Taiwan’s foundation is solid; its strength is great. So as long as everyone remains steadfast in their convictions, is willing to work hand in hand, stands firm amidst uncertainty, and looks for ways to win within changing circumstances, Taiwan is certain to prevail in the test of our time yet again, for I am confident that there are no difficulties that Taiwan cannot overcome. Thank you.

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    2025-01-01
    President Lai delivers 2025 New Year’s Address
    On the morning of January 1, President Lai Ching-te delivered his 2025 New Year’s Address, titled “Bolstering National Strength through Democracy to Enter a New Global Landscape,” in the Reception Hall of the Presidential Office. President Lai stated that today’s Taiwan is receiving international recognition for its performance in many areas, among them democracy, technology, and economy. In this new year, he said, Taiwan must be united, and we must continue on the right course. The president expressed hope that everyone in the central and local governments, regardless of party, can work hard together, allowing Taiwan sure footing as it strides forward toward ever greater achievements.  President Lai emphasized that in 2025, we must keep firm on the path of democracy, continue to bolster our national strength, make Taiwan more economically resilient, enhance the resilience of supply chains for global democracies, and continue working toward a Balanced Taiwan and generational justice, ensuring that the fruits of our economic growth can be enjoyed by all our people. The president said that Taiwan will keep going strong, and we will keep walking tall as we enter the new global landscape. A translation of President Lai’s address follows: Today is the first day of 2025. With a new year comes new beginnings. I wish that Taiwan enjoys peace, prosperity, and success, and that our people lead happy lives. Taiwan truly finished 2024 strong. Though there were many challenges, there were also many triumphs. We withstood earthquakes and typhoons, and stood firm in the face of constant challenges posed by authoritarianism. We also shared glory as Taiwan won the Premier12 baseball championship, and now Taiwanese people around the world are all familiar with the gesture for Team Taiwan. At the Paris Olympics, Wang Chi-lin (王齊麟) and Lee Yang (李洋) clinched another gold in men’s doubles badminton. Lin Yu-ting (林郁婷) took home Taiwan’s first Olympic gold in boxing. At the International Junior Science Olympiad, every student in our delegation of six won a gold medal. And Yang Shuang-zi’s (楊双子) novel Taiwan Travelogue, translated into English by King Lin (金翎), became a United States National Book Award winner and a tour de force of Taiwan literature on the international level. Our heroes of Taiwan are defined by neither age nor discipline. They have taken home top prizes at international competitions and set new records. They tell Taiwan’s story through their outstanding performances, letting the world see the spirit and culture of Taiwan, and filling all our citizens with pride. My fellow citizens, we have stood together through thick and thin; we have shared our ups and downs. We have wept together, and we have laughed together. We are all one family, all members of Team Taiwan. I want to thank each of our citizens for their dedication, fueling Taiwan’s progress and bringing our nation glory. You have given Taiwan even greater strength to stand out on the global stage. In this new year, we must continue bringing Taiwan’s stories to the world, and make Taiwan’s successes a force for global progress. In 2025, the world will be entering a new landscape. Last year, over 70 countries held elections, and the will of the people has changed with the times. As many countries turn new pages politically, and in the midst of rapid international developments, Taiwan must continue marching forward with steady strides. First, we must keep firm on the path of democracy. Taiwan made it through a dark age of authoritarianism and has since become a glorious beacon of democracy in Asia. This was achieved through the sacrifices of our democratic forebears and the joint efforts of all our citizens. Democracy’s value to Taiwan lies not just in our free way of life, or in the force driving the diverse and vigorous growth of our society. Democracy is the brand that has earned us international trust in terms of diplomacy. No matter the threat or challenge Taiwan may face, democracy is Taiwan’s only path forward. We will not turn back. Domestic competition among political parties is a part of democracy. But domestic political disputes must be resolved democratically, within the constitutional system. This is the only way democracy can continue to grow. The Executive Yuan has the right to request a reconsideration of the controversial bills passed in the Legislative Yuan, giving it room for reexamination. Constitutional institutions can also lodge a petition for a constitutional interpretation, and through Constitutional Court adjudication, ensure a separation of powers, safeguard constitutional order, and gradually consolidate the constitutional system. The people also have the right of election, recall, initiative, and referendum, and can bring together even greater democratic power to show the true meaning of sovereignty in the hands of the people. In this new year, the changing international landscape will present democratic nations around the world with many grave challenges. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and conflict between Israel and Hamas rage on, and we are seeing the continued convergence of authoritarian regimes including China, Russia, North Korea, and Iran, threatening the rules-based international order and severely affecting peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region and the world at large. Peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait are essential components for global security and prosperity. Taiwan needs to prepare for danger in times of peace. We must continue increasing our national defense budget, bolster our national defense capabilities, and show our determination to protect our country. Everyone has a responsibility to safeguard Taiwan’s democracy and security. We must gather together every bit of strength we have to enhance whole-of-society defense resilience, and build capabilities to respond to major disasters and deter threats or encroachment. We must also strengthen communication with society to combat information and cognitive warfare, so that the populace rejects threats and enticements and jointly guards against malicious infiltration by external forces. Here at home, we must consolidate democracy with democracy. Internationally, we must make friends worldwide through democracy. This is how we will ensure security and peace. The more secure Taiwan, the more secure the world. The more resilient Taiwan, the sounder the defense of global democracy. The global democratic community should work even closer together to support the democratic umbrella as we seek ways to resolve the war in Ukraine and conflict between Israel and Hamas. Together, we must uphold stability in the Taiwan Strait and security in the Indo-Pacific, and achieve our goal of global peace. Second, we must continue to bolster our national strength, make Taiwan more economically resilient, and enhance the resilience of supply chains for global democracies. In the first half of 2024, growth in the Taiwan Stock Index was the highest in the world. Our economic growth rate for the year as a whole is expected to reach 4.2 percent, leading among the Four Asian Tigers. Domestic investment is soaring, having exceeded NT$5 trillion, and inflation is gradually stabilizing. Export orders from January to November totaled US$536.6 billion, up 3.7 percent from the same period in 2023. And compared over the same period, exports saw a 9.9 percent increase, reaching US$431.5 billion. Recent surveys also show that in 2024, the average increase in salaries at companies was higher than that in 2023. Additionally, over 90 percent of companies plan to raise salaries this year, which is an eight-year high. All signs indicate that Taiwan’s economic climate continues to recover, and that our economy is growing steadily. Our overall economic performance is impressive; still, we must continue to pay attention to the impact on Taiwan’s industries from the changing geopolitical landscape, uncertainties in the global economic environment, and dumping by the “red supply chain.”  For a nation, all sectors and professions are equally important; only when all our industries are strong can Taiwan be strong as a nation. Our micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are the lifeblood of Taiwan, and the development of our various industrial parks has given Taiwan the impetus for our prosperity. We must carry the spirit of “Made in Taiwan” forward, bringing it to ever greater heights. Thus, beyond just developing our high-tech industry, our Executive Yuan has already proposed a solution that will help traditional industries and MSMEs comprehensively adopt technology applications, engage in the digital and net-zero twin transition, and develop channels, all for better operational structures and higher productivity. Taiwan must continue enhancing its economic resilience. In recent years, Taiwan has significantly increased its investments in the US, Japan, Europe, and the New Southbound countries, and such investment has already surpassed investment in China. This indicates that our efforts in diversifying markets and reducing reliance on any single market are working. Moving forward, we must keep providing assistance so that Taiwan industries can expand their global presence and market internationally from a solid base here in Taiwan. At the same time, Taiwan must use democracy to promote economic growth with the rest of the world. We must leverage our strengths in the semiconductor and AI industries. We must link with democratic countries so that we can together enhance the resilience of supply chains for global democracies. And through international cooperation across many sectors, such as UAVs, low-orbit communications satellites, robots, military, security and surveillance, or biopharmaceuticals, renewable energy technology, new agriculture, and the circular economy, we must keep abreast of the latest cutting-edge technology and promote diverse development. This approach will help Taiwan remain a leader in advancing global democratic supply chains, ensuring their security and stability. Third, we must continue working toward a Balanced Taiwan and generational justice, ensuring that the fruits of our economic growth can be enjoyed by all our people. Democracy means the people have the final say. Our nation belongs to all 23 million of us, without regard for ethnic group, generation, political party, or whether we live in urban or rural areas. In this new year, we must continue to pursue policies that promote the well-being of the nation and the people. But to that end, the central government needs adequate financial resources to ensure that it can enact each of these measures. Therefore, I hope that the ruling and opposition parties can each soberly reconsider the amendments to the Act Governing the Allocation of Government Revenues and Expenditures and find a path forward that ensures the lasting peace and stability of our country. For nine consecutive years, the minimum wage has continued to rise. Effective today, the minimum monthly salary is being raised from NT$27,470 to NT$28,590, and the hourly salary from NT$183 to NT$190. We hope by raising the pay for military personnel, civil servants, and educators for two consecutive years, coupled with benefits through wage increases and tax reductions, that private businesses will also raise wages, allowing all our people to enjoy the fruits of our economic growth. I know that everyone wants to pay lower taxes and rent. This year, we will continue to promote tax reductions. For example, unmarried individuals with an annual income of NT$446,000 or less can be exempt from paying income tax. Dual-income families with an annual income of NT$892,000 or less and dual-income families with two children aged six or younger with an annual income of NT$1,461,000 or less are also exempt from paying income tax. Additionally, the number of rent-subsidized housing units will also be increased, from 500,000 to 750,000 units, helping lighten the load for everyone. This year, the age eligibility for claiming Culture Points has been lowered from 16 to 13 years, so that now young people aged between 13 and 22 can receive government support for experiencing more in the arts. Also, our Taiwan Global Pathfinders Initiative is about to take effect, which will help more young people in Taiwan realize their dreams by taking part in education and exchange activities in many places around the world. We are also in the process of establishing a sports ministry to help young athletes achieve their dreams on the field, court, and beyond. The ministry will also be active in developing various sports industries and bringing sports and athletics more into the lives of the people, making our people healthier as a result. This year, as Taiwan becomes a “super-aged society,” we will launch our Long-term Care 3.0 Plan to provide better all-around care for our seniors. And we will expand the scope of cancer screening eligibility and services, all aimed at creating a Healthy Taiwan. In addition, Taiwan will officially begin collecting fees for its carbon fee system today. This brings us closer in line with global practices and helps us along the path to our goal of net-zero emissions by 2050. We will also continue on the path to achieving a Balanced Taiwan. Last month, the Executive Yuan launched the Trillion NT Dollar Investment National Development Plan and its six major regional flagship projects. Both of these initiatives will continue to expand the investment in our public infrastructure and the development of local specialty industries, narrowing urban-rural and wealth gaps so that all our people can live and work in peace and happiness. My fellow citizens, today’s Taiwan is receiving international recognition for its performance in many areas, among them democracy, technology, and economy. This tells us that national development is moving in the right direction. In this new year, Taiwan must be united, and we must continue on the right course. We hope that everyone in the central and local governments, regardless of party, can work hard together to ensure that national policies are successfully implemented, with the people’s well-being as our top priority. This will allow Taiwan sure footing as it strides forward toward ever greater achievements. In this new year, we have many more brilliant stories of Taiwan to share with the world, inspiring all Taiwanese, both here and around the world, to cheer time and again for the glory of Taiwan. Taiwan will keep going strong. And we will keep walking tall as we enter the new global landscape. Thank you.

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    2025-05-20
    President Lai delivers address on first anniversary of taking office  
    On the morning of May 20, President Lai Ching-te delivered an address on the first anniversary of his taking office. In his address, the president stated that the Taiwan of today is a Taiwan of the world, and whether it is global technological development, divisions of labor within international supply chains, worldwide economic and trade exchanges, or regional security matters, Taiwan plays a pivotal and indispensable role. He said that, looking forward, we will not cower in the face of challenges; rather, we will bravely march forward into the future. We will maintain solidarity, he emphasized, and with our resilience, perseverance, and enthusiasm as Taiwanese, forge ahead with transition, steadily and solidly.  President Lai stated that moving forward, the government will set up a fund to boost Taiwan’s economic momentum. He also stated that he will be instructing the national security team to initiate a major national security briefing for the chairs of opposition parties, in the hope that leaders of all parties can prioritize our nation’s interests and uphold our nation’s security so that we can tackle our nation’s challenges side by side. A translation of President Lai’s address follows: Yesterday, outside of Beida Elementary School in New Taipei City’s Sanxia District, there was a major traffic accident that, sadly, claimed several lives and resulted in multiple injuries. The Executive Yuan immediately formed a task force, and last night I personally visited the victims in hospital. Central government agencies and the local government will cooperate to provide assistance to the victims’ families. They will work as quickly as possible to determine the cause of the accident and assess areas for improvement, so as to prevent reoccurrence of accidents like this. Today, let me express my deepest condolences to the bereaved families for the unfortunate loss of life and my hope for the quick and full recovery of those injured. The purpose of government is to serve the people. I want to thank the people of Taiwan for entrusting me, one year ago today, with the responsibility of leading the nation bravely forward. I want to thank all my fellow citizens for working hand in hand with the government over this past year. Together, we have overcome numerous challenges to ensure that our nation will keep moving forward.  As we face three major challenges that receive international attention and create the largest impact on our citizens: climate change, the promotion of health, and social resilience, I decided to establish three committees at the Presidential Office. In each committee, we have thus far seen incremental progress. We are working to align ourselves with international standards. The voluntary bottom-up plans of different government agencies plus the top-down approach of the Executive Yuan National Council for Sustainable Development’s Net Zero Emissions Transition Taskforce have produced 20 flagship carbon reduction projects for six major sectors. The government is expected to continue to inject over NT$1 trillion in the budget for the net-zero transition by 2030; and we expect to spur at least NT$5 trillion in private green investment and financing as we work toward the new 2035 NDC target for emissions reductions of 38±2 percent. Taiwan’s air quality has been steadily improving. From 2015 to today, the annual average PM2.5 concentration has dropped from 21.82 to 12.8 μg/m3. Taiwan officially began collecting fees for its carbon fee system this year. With firm resolve, a steady pace, and flexible strategies, we will work to realize the vision of net-zero transition by 2050; and together with the world we will pursue sustainable growth and prosperous development. To address the challenges in the post-pandemic world, we are establishing a national center for disease prevention and control, strengthening our central pandemic response. To promote health for all, we are promoting cancer screening, establishing a fund for new cancer drugs, and launching the five-year, NT$48.9 billion Healthy Taiwan Cultivation Plan. This year, we significantly increased the total National Health Insurance budget by NT$71.2 billion to achieve sustainable NHI development. We aim to create a Healthy Taiwan, keeping people healthy and making the nation stronger so that the world embraces Taiwan. We are also hard at work to enhance our whole-of-society defense resilience. In addition to continuing to assess various aspects of preparedness at the national level and conduct field verification, we have concerted the efforts of various ministries to propose 17 major strategies to respond to national security and united front threats, uniting our people to resist division and protecting our cherished free and democratic way of life. Recently, the Executive Yuan made special budget allocations of NT$410 billion, of which NT$150 billion is aimed to enhance national resilience. On this, we look forward to mutual support from the ruling and opposition parties. As our nation continues on the path forward, challenges and obstacles will continue to emerge. Early last month, the United States announced its new tariff policy, and in response I proposed five major strategies. I also launched industry listening tours, with the aim of working alongside industries to overcome challenges and open up new opportunities. The Executive Yuan is also soliciting opinions from all sectors as quickly as possible to put forward a special act to enhance the resilience of Taiwan’s national security. The annual surplus will be utilized in the special budget allocations totaling NT$410 billion to not only support industries and stabilize employment, but also strengthen the economy, protect people’s livelihoods, enhance resilience in homeland security, and ensure that Taiwan’s industries continue to steadily advance amidst changing circumstances. Notably, in our discussions across different industries, all sectors advocated against raising electricity prices and were in support of government subsidies for Taiwan Power Company. These would offset Taipower’s losses from subsidies to support people’s livelihoods and for industrial electricity usage since the COVID-19 pandemic and Russo-Ukrainian War, both strengthening its finances and stabilizing electricity prices. We look forward to cooperation among the ruling and opposition parties to pass the Executive Yuan’s special budget. All sectors hope to maintain a stable power supply. As energy security is national security, ensuring a stable power supply while developing more forms of green energy is, whether now or in the future, one of the government’s most important tasks. Aside from the issue of electricity prices, the Taiwanese people have also been closely following the recent Taiwan-US tariff negotiations. The first round of in-person talks have concluded, and tariff negotiations are currently still going smoothly. The government will uphold the principles of ensuring national interests and safeguarding industry development, under no circumstances sacrificing any one sector. We will stand firm on Taiwan’s position and, from the basis of deepening Taiwan-US economic and trade relations, strive for optimal negotiation results in a well-paced, balanced manner. Taiwan shares democratic values with our democratic partners around the world. When combined with our adherence to free market principles to foster mutual prosperity, those values are our greatest assets. They form a protective umbrella that allows Taiwanese businesses to unleash their vitality and energy. They are also the most significant mark of distinction between us and authoritarian regimes. For many years now, Taiwan, the US, and our democratic partners have actively engaged in exchange and cooperation, spurring mutual growth. Among friends, there is always some friction; but that friction is always resolvable. Just as it says in the Bible, “As iron sharpens iron, so one person sharpens another.” Through mutual exchange, friends can smooth out their shortcomings and further hone their strengths. Even when differences arise, so long as there is a foundation built on trust and honest dialogue, friends can better understand one another and further deepen their bonds. Now, Taiwan’s market is global; its stage is international. Going forward, we will hold firm to our democratic values and expand into diverse markets. First, Taiwan’s economic path is clearly established. Taking a market-oriented approach, we will promote an economic path of staying firmly rooted in Taiwan and expanding the global presence of our enterprises while strengthening ties with the US. In recent years, Taiwan has updated investment protection agreements with such countries as the Philippines, India, Vietnam, and Thailand, and signed a foreign investment promotion and protection arrangement with Canada. Moving forward, we will endeavor to sign investment protection agreements and double taxation avoidance agreements with our friends and allies. Second, Taiwan’s trade strategy is clearly defined. We will extend our market connections with the US and other free, democratic nations, expanding our presence worldwide. To that end, we have completed the signing of the first agreement under the Taiwan-US Initiative on 21st-Century Trade and signed an enhanced trade partnership arrangement with the United Kingdom. We are in active negotiations on trade agreements with other countries, and we continue to seek admission to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership and other mechanisms for regional economic integration. Third, we must ensure that Taiwan’s economy is export-led while expanding domestic demand, concurrently prioritizing strong technological R&D and upgraded traditional industries, and boosting software development, production, and manufacturing. We must also continue tapping into Taiwan’s strengths to attract international firms here to invest and collaborate. In just the past few years, Entegris opened a new manufacturing facility in Kaohsiung, Micron launched a new facility in Taichung, and Google further solidified Taiwan as its biggest R&D hub outside of the US by opening a new office here. AMD, Nvidia, and major cloud computing companies from the US have also been expanding their presence here. And yesterday, Nvidia even announced that it will establish an overseas headquarters in Taiwan. Through such collaboration across borders, we are introducing advanced technology from overseas and engaging in international R&D. We will build Taiwan into an even more resilient economy. Moving forward, the government will set up a fund to boost Taiwan’s economic momentum. With our sights set on the whole globe, we will invest in international markets, while the government will also set up a sovereign wealth fund and build a national-level investment platform. We will make full use of Taiwan’s industrial advantages and, with the government taking the lead and synergizing private-sector enterprises, expand our global presence and link with major target markets of the AI era. Domestically, we will bolster local supply chains and strengthen industries’ ability to adapt to changing circumstances. The government will enhance the functions of the National Development Fund to achieve industrial restructuring and assist domestic industries and small- and medium-sized enterprises with upgrading and transformation, raising international competitiveness and consolidating domestic industry foundations. My fellow citizens, our market and our values are defined by democracy. Democracy is also a display of our national strength. Taiwan was once the country with the world’s longest martial law period, but now, we are a beacon for democracy in Asia. Our past generations, through valiant sacrifice and devotion, bravely resisted authoritarianism and pursued democracy. Today’s younger generations are able to proactively engage in politics, protect the nation, further entrench democracy, and strive for a diverse Taiwan through all manner of constitutional and legal means, without fear of difficulty. This is the democratic Taiwan we take pride in. I am confident that no one Taiwanese would give up their free and democratic way of life. And no president can abandon the values of freedom and democracy. On the path of democracy, Taiwan never relied on the mobilization of hate; rather, it relied on the participation and coming together of citizens. We do not fear differences in opinion because the core of democracy is about finding, within difference, unity. I have always believed that democratic disputes are resolved through greater exercise of democracy. Over the past year, despite the domestic political situation, ruling and opposition parties formed a delegation to attend the inaugural ceremonies of the president and vice president of the US, demonstrating that democratic Taiwan stands united for deepening Taiwan-US ties. I also, in accordance with the powers granted me by the Constitution, convened a national policy meeting with the heads of the five branches of government, with the hope of achieving reconciliation and encouraging cooperation. I have always been willing, with open arms, to work hard for cross-party dialogue and strengthened cooperation among our political parties. That is why I will be instructing our national security team to initiate a major national security briefing for the chairs of opposition parties. It is hoped that leaders of all parties, regardless of political stance, can prioritize our nation’s interests and uphold our nation’s security; and grounded in shared facts, we can openly and honestly exchange views and discuss matters of national importance, so that we can tackle our nation’s challenges side by side. Later today is the opening ceremony of COMPUTEX TAIPEI, an event that will be closely followed in the international community. Taiwan, as the world’s silicon island, is a central pillar in the global economy and the field of AI, and this event will therefore attract important tech industry figures from around the world. Once a small-scale expo initially held near Taipei’s Songshan Airport, COMPUTEX has continued to grow in scale over the past 40-plus years, and now marks an important milestone in the development of global technological innovation. COMPUTEX is a microcosm of the Taiwan story, an achievement that the people of Taiwan share. The Taiwan of today is a Taiwan of the world. Whether it is global technological development, divisions of labor within international supply chains, worldwide economic and trade exchanges, or regional security matters, Taiwan plays a pivotal and indispensable role. My fellow citizens, we do not cower in the face of challenges; rather, we bravely march forward into the future. As the saying goes, success is 30 percent destiny and 70 percent hard work. We will maintain solidarity, and with our resilience, perseverance, and enthusiasm as Taiwanese, forge ahead with transition, steadily and solidly. That is the spirit of us Taiwanese. We will keep working together in solidarity and meet challenges with firm strides, making Taiwan a global beacon, a pilot for world peace, and a force for global prosperity. Thank you.  

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News

  • MIL-Evening Report: ER Report: A Roundup of Significant Articles on EveningReport.nz for May 20, 2025

    ER Report: Here is a summary of significant articles published on EveningReport.nz on May 20, 2025.

    Can you treat headaches with physiotherapy? Here’s what the research says
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Zhiqi Liang, Lecturer in Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland BaanTaksinStudio/Shutterstock You might’ve noticed some physiotherapists advertise they offer treatments for headaches and wondered: would that work? In fact, there’s a solid body of research showing that physiotherapy treatments can be really helpful for certain types of headache.

    NZ joins call for Israel to allow full resumption of aid to Gaza
    New Zealand has joined 22 other countries and the European Union in calling for Israel to allow a full resumption of aid into Gaza immediately. The partners also said Israel must enable the United Nations and humanitarian organisations to work independently and impartially “to save lives, reduce suffering, and maintain dignity.” Israel imposed a blockade

    Can cats drink milk? Despite the stereotypes, it’s actually a bad idea
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Julia Henning, PhD Candidate in Feline Behaviour, School of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Adelaide Shawn Rain/Unsplash Cats have a long history with humans, going back more than 9,000 years. Attracted to human settlements by the rodents that plagued (sometimes literally) our ancestors, cats ingratiated themselves

    Boredom gets a bad rap. But science says it can actually be good for us
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Michelle Kennedy, Youth Mental Health Researcher, University of the Sunshine Coast We have all experienced boredom – that feeling of waning interest or decreased mental stimulation. Eventually we lose focus, we disengage. Time seems to pass slowly, and we may even start to feel restless. Whether it

    15 years ago, I urged the AFL to launch a mental health round. Now it’s time for action
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Pat McGorry, Professor of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne The death of former AFL footballer Adam Selwood, less than four months after the death by suicide of his twin Troy, is an unfathomable tragedy for the Selwood family. The devastating news has sent shockwaves through the AFL

    Does drawing on memory help us solve problems? Our experiment gave some surprising answers
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Anne Macaskill, Senior Lecturer in Experimental Psychology, Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington Getty Images Conventional wisdom suggests memories of past experiences can help us navigate problems in the present. For example, if a friend told you they were having a disagreement with their partner,

    Speight’s Fiji coup had more to do with power, greed than iTaukei rights, says Chaudhry
    Today marks the 25th anniversary of the May 19, 2000, coup led by renegade businessman George Speight. The deposed Prime Minister, Mahendra Chaudhry, says Speight’s motive had less to do with indigenous rights and a lot more to do with power, greed, and access to the millions likely to accrue from Fiji’s mahogany plantation. On

    The federal government wants to boost productivity. Science can help
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Deanna D’Alessandro, Professor & Director, Net Zero Institute, University of Sydney Daniel Sone/National Cancer Institute In the wake of Labor’s resounding victory in Australia’s federal election earlier this month, there has been much talk about flailing productivity in Australia. In fact, last week, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese

    Fish driving cars and chimps doing maths: what teaching animals ‘irrelevant’ skills reveals about our own minds
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Scarlett Howard, Research Fellow, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University VixtorPhoto / Shutterstock Did you know goldfish can learn to drive cars? Have you heard bumblebees can learn to pull on a string? Would you believe some primates can perform calculations with Arabic numerals? These tasks seem

    Surviving swamps on South Australia’s parched Fleurieu Peninsula are a lifeline to wildlife – and farmers
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Christopher Auricht, Visiting Research Fellow in Natural Resources Management, University of Adelaide Yundi Nature Conservancy, CC BY-NC-ND South Australia is famously the driest state on the driest inhabited continent. But even for South Australia, the current drought is extreme. Rainfall has been the lowest on record across

    ‘No pain, no gain’: why some primary students are following intense study routines
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Christina Ho, Associate professor in Social and Political Sciences, University of Technology Sydney MNStudio/ Shutterstock Every year, thousands of New South Wales students sit a test to determine places for highly sought-after selective high schools. These are academically selective public schools often associated with high Year 12

    NZ Budget 2025: anything less than a 5% increase in health funding amounts to merely standing still
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Tim Tenbensel, Professor of Health Policy, University of Auckland, Waipapa Taumata Rau Health Minister Simeon Brown. Hagen Hopkins/Getty Images Minister of Health Simeon Brown claimed earlier this year that health funding in New Zealand has never been higher and that suggestions of underfunding are “fake news”. On

    From the Liver King to ultramarathons, fitness influencers are glorifying extreme masculinity where ‘pain is the point’
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Samuel Cornell, PhD Candidate in Public Health & Community Medicine, School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney Netflix/Untold: The Liver King A new Netflix documentary about a shirtless supplement salesman who claimed to be “natural” and was exposed as a fraud might seem like a punchline. But Untold:

    Former Canberra diplomat Ali Kuzak dies on the way to Palestine
    Ali Kazak: born Haifa, 1947; died May 17 2025, Thailand By Helen Musa in Canberra Former Palestinian diplomat and long-time Canberra identity Ali Kazak died on Saturday en route to Palestine. Sources at the Canberra Islamic Centre report that he was recovering from heart surgery and died during a stopover in Thailand. Kazak was born

    Environmentalists question Henry Puna’s role in deep sea mining firm
    By Caleb Fotheringham, RNZ Pacific journalist Environmentalists in the Cook Islands have criticised former Prime Minister and Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) head Henry Puna for joining the board of a deep sea mining company. Puna, who finished his term as PIF secretary-general in May last year, played a pivotal part in the creation of multi-use

    Legal News – Former NZ Associate Minister Of Foreign Affairs Calls On NZ Government To Uphold International Law Over US Designation of Cuba
    Source: Hon Matthew Robson Former NZ Associate Minister Of Foreign Affairs, Hon Matt Robson, has called on the New Zealand Government to uphold International Law. “New Zealand prides itself on being in the forefront of countries supporting the international rule of law and not the international rule of might ”, said former Associate Foreign Minister

    Climate scientists are trusted globally, just not as much as other scientists – here’s why
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Omid Ghasemi, Research Associate in Behavioural Science at the Institute for Climate Risk & Response, UNSW Sydney I. Noyan Yilmaz, Shutterstock Societies increasingly rely on scientists to guide decisions in times of uncertainty, from pandemic outbreaks to the rise of artificial intelligence. Addressing climate change is no

    Joe Biden has advanced prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 9. What does this mean?
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Sarah Diepstraten, Senior Research Officer, Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, WEHI (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research) Former US President Joe Biden has been diagnosed with an aggressive form of prostate cancer that has already spread to his bones. A statement Biden’s office issued

    Open letter from John Cusack: ‘The children of Gaza need your outrage – end the siege’
    Pacific Media Watch American film star celebrity John Cusack, who describes himself on his x-page bio as an “apocalyptic shit-disturber”, has posted an open letter to the world denouncing the Israeli “mass murder” in Gaza and calling for “your outrage”. While warning the public to “don’t stop talking about Palestine/Gaza”, he says that the “hollow

    Russia is labelling Oscar Jenkins a ‘mercenary’, not a prisoner of war. What’s the difference – and why does this matter?
    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Shannon Bosch, Associate Professor (Law), Edith Cowan University Oscar Jenkins, a 33-year-old former teacher from Melbourne, was one of many foreigners who responded to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky’s call in 2022 for volunteers to join Ukraine’s armed forces to help repel Russia’s invasion. In early 2024, Jenkins

    MIL OSI AnalysisEveningReport.nz

  • MIL-OSI China: China’s green system wins key approval

    Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News

    China Daily | May 20, 2025

    China’s energy market is becoming more accessible to green businesses worldwide, now that a key global renewable energy initiative has given its full backing to the nation’s green electricity certificates, authorities said.

    The National Energy Administration is pushing for wider use of the certificates to boost green power consumption, following the recent unconditional recognition given to the GEC system by RE100, a global campaign involving more than 400 member businesses that have committed to eventually using 100 percent renewable electricity in their operations.

    Wan Jinsong, deputy head of the NEA, said that RE100’s unconditional acceptance of the GECs is a “landmark achievement” that signals the international standing of the system.

    The move confirms that China’s renewable electricity market has made a crucial step forward in providing confidence to companies that use the GEC system, as they can make credible claims about using green power, knowing that their renewable energy purchases have a verifiable impact, according to the RE100 website.

    It also said that China has become an attractive international market for companies’ drive toward 100 percent renewable electricity, as proving their use of renewables in the country is now easier.

    Furthermore, the GEC system ensures that renewable energy use by large manufacturers in China is recognized throughout global supply chains, it said.

    Currently, 270 RE100 member companies purchase green electricity in China, according to Helen Clarkson, CEO of the Climate Group, which co-launched RE100.

    They reported an annual green electricity volume of 77 billion kilowatt-hours, accounting for 59 percent of their electricity consumption. Among these, the manufacturing sector consumed the most green electricity, reaching 63.876 billion kWh, said Clarkson.

    She added that RE100’s unconditional approval shows the influence of China’s GECs on the international stage. The system helps RE100 members and their suppliers meet renewable energy commitments, offering them more flexible ways to do so.

    This recognition followed successful discussions between RE100 and the China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute based on the mutual consensus on improvements to China’s GEC system that were led by the Chinese government.

    RE100 was launched in 2014 by the Climate Group and Carbon Disclosure Project. Member companies commit to using 100 percent renewable electricity by no later than 2050. Its technical guidelines influence how global companies and their supply chains buy renewable electricity.

    Yi Yuechun, deputy head of the China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute, said the GEC system helps assess provincial-level renewable energy targets and the use of green power by industries such as aluminum production. It also supports carbon accounting and carbon footprint calculations, he said.

    Manufacturing sectors such as telecommunications and automotive account for 70 percent of green electricity certificate purchases, he added.

    The GECs are the sole proof of the environmental attributes of renewable energy in China and serve as the only certificate for verifying renewable energy production and consumption. One certificate is generated for every 1,000 kWh of green electricity.

    China started its GEC system in 2017. Previously, China’s green certificates were only conditionally accepted by RE100, requiring extra proof. China improved the system by expanding the GECs to cover all renewable power projects in 2023 and making it the sole proof of renewable energy attributes.

    German chemical giant BASF was one of the first foreign companies to buy green power in China. BASF has been investing in new energy projects while also buying green electricity in China through power trading and the GECs to reduce its carbon emissions, it said.

    Pan Huimin, deputy head of the NEA’s new and renewable energy department, said the RE100 recognition will significantly increase the willingness and enthusiasm of RE100 member companies and their supply chains to purchase green electricity and use China’s certificates. This is expected to further expand the demand for the GECs, she said.

    Pan said that the NEA will continue to work with relevant departments to strengthen communication and exchanges with RE100. It will encourage RE100 to issue technical guidelines related to purchasing the GECs, which would better assist Chinese companies in buying them.

    The NEA will also enhance communication on the GEC system with China’s major trading partners to accelerate the process of achieving international mutual recognition.

    MIL OSI China News

  • MIL-OSI USA: ICYMI: Sen. Cramer Op-Ed: If Countries Want Access to Our Markets, They Must Abide By Our Standards

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator Kevin Cramer (R-ND)
    BISMARCK, N.D. – On President Trump’s “Liberation Day” last month, he argued non-tariff trade barriers are often more damaging to America’s competitiveness than actual tariffs imposed by foreign governments. He rightly called out unfair practices like currency manipulation, export subsidies, and intellectual property theft. But one often-overlooked offense stands out: lax environmental standards, enforcement, and compliance.
    In his remarks, the President blasted other countries for accusing America of committing environmental crimes and demanding that our producers pay for damages for which they were not responsible. U.S. Senator Kevin Cramer (R-ND), member of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, penned an op-ed in RealClearEnergy, arguing for an America First approach to foreign pollution, and that the rules we impose on ourselves reflect our stewardship values. If countries want access to our markets they should abide by our standards, and we shouldn’t devolve to theirs. 

    If Countries Want Access to Our Markets, They Must Abide By Our Standards
    RealClearEnergy – May 19, 2024
    On President Trump’s “Liberation Day,” he argued non-tariff trade barriers are often more damaging to America’s competitiveness than actual tariffs imposed by foreign governments.  
    The President called out several unfair practices used to create an artificial advantage in trade – currency manipulation, export subsidies, intellectual property theft, exorbitant value-added taxes, and unfair rules. But one often-overlooked offense stands out: lax environmental standards, enforcement, and compliance. He is right to pinpoint this disparity as it undermines U.S. competitiveness and directly harms the wellbeing of Americans.
    Emissions from industrial activities across the Pacific, particularly in China, contribute up to 30% of surface ozone and 20% of fine particulate matter in the western U.S., making it more difficult for states to meet their air quality targets under the Clean Air Act. In addition, mercury pollution from coal-fired plants in Asia accounts for 20 to 40% of mercury deposition in the West.
    If American facilities fail to comply with our environmental statutes, a state’s federal highway funds can be withheld, or strict regulatory constraints impacting the permitting and investment of new industrial facilities could be imposed. This is why U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Lee Zeldin recently announced the removal of red tape that placed excessive burden on states’ ability to prove their pollution problem was linked to foreign sources. He understands Americans should not be punished for another country’s’ pollution.
    U.S. companies work hard to meet EPA requirements. They spend hundreds of billions on environmental compliance, with our manufacturing and energy-intensive sectors bearing the highest burden. A National Association of Manufacturers’ report found the average U.S. producer pays over $10,000 per employee annually on meeting environmental standards.
    When a regulation’s costs outweigh its public benefits, it should be eliminated. But Americans live by the old Boy Scout adage to “leave this world a little better than you found it.” We want safe environments for our workers, clean air and water, and for our innovators to create more efficient ways to produce more in America. The rules we impose on ourselves reflect our stewardship values. If countries want access to our markets they should abide by our standards, and we shouldn’t devolve to theirs. 
    “Free-trade-at-any-cost” idealogues portend all commodities are created equal, as if there isn’t intrinsic value in where a product is made. In their mind, a barrel of Russian or Iranian oil is the same as one out of North Dakota or Alaska, or a rod of Chinese steel is no different than one out of Cleveland or Pittsburgh. Never mind these foreign producers are dirtier, use their profits to promulgate foreign wars, and exploit abhorrent labor standards.
    In his remarks, the President blasted other countries for accusing America of committing environmental crimes and demanding that our producers pay for damages for which they were not responsible.   
    He’s right to decry this hypocrisy and I’m committed to working with him to hold overseas polluters accountable.
    Last Congress, Sen. Chris Coons (D-DE) and I introduced the PROVE IT Act, which would require the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to develop a dataset to compare the relative carbon efficiency of U.S. production to our foreign competitors. Existing data compiled by the Climate Leadership Council already shows the United States has a clear carbon advantage over its competitors. While the idea of using carbon as a metric might confuse those who seek to punish overseas producers for traditional pollutants, it serves as an excellent proxy for actual emissions. 
    On paper, China’s environmental regulatory regime appears reasonable, but enforcement and compliance suffer from corruption that results in cheating. Chinese companies, especially coal-fired power plants and heavy industries, have been documented turning off or bypassing pollution scrubbers to cut costs. Our bill requires DOE to strictly review foreign data to make sure this type of cheating isn’t tolerated.
    The President is right to focus on the effects of unfair trade practices to level the playing field. An America First approach on foreign pollution, however, can do much more – it can rewrite the script on how conservatives view U.S. environmental progress.
    Paired with effective trade measures that hold overseas polluters accountable, we can monetize the superior environmental performance of our workers and industry and protect public health. At the same time, we can create a durable and transparent trade agenda that not only encourages domestic investment in manufacturing but also cleans up the global environment. 
    Global demand for virtually everything is growing. If we want cleaner, more secure supply chains, we won’t get there by punishing ourselves. The solution is recognizing our excellence and making more in America!
    President Trump gets this. But first, we need the comparative emissions data authorized by the PROVE IT Act to determine the scope of this unfair trade practice and to help understand the impact of foreign pollution on America.

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI Australia: Strong demand and reduced domestic competition have contributed to significant earnings for Qantas Group and Virgin Australia

    Source: Australian Ministers for Regional Development

    Australia’s two largest airline groups have both recorded strong financial results for the first half of 2024-25, reflecting a number of factors including strong ongoing demand for flying and limited domestic competition, the ACCC’s latest Domestic Airline Competition report has found.

    Qantas Group reported earnings before interest and taxes of $1.5 billion for the first half of 2024-25, with $916 million coming from its domestic operations across both Qantas and Jetstar.

    Of the Qantas Group’s total earnings, Qantas Domestic, including Qantaslink, contributed the highest share of the group’s earnings at $647 million. Much of this result can be attributed to the airline’s dominance in the corporate travel market – Qantas Group had an 80 per cent share of the corporate travel market over the reporting period, coinciding with a resurgence in demand.

    “The high half-yearly earnings reported by Qantas Group reflect its dominance of the domestic airline sector, with Qantas and Jetstar accounting for over 60 per cent of passengers,” ACCC Commissioner Anna Brakey said.

    The domestic operations of Jetstar recorded the biggest increase in earnings across the Qantas Group, increasing by 53.7 per cent between the first half 2023-24 and 2024-25, to $269 million. Jetstar Domestic became the sole low-cost carrier in Australia after the exit of Tigerair in 2020, and again when Bonza collapsed in April 2024.

    “Jetstar has been able to capitalise on the continued absence of competitive pressure from another low-cost carrier in the domestic market to increase its market share and operating margin,” Ms Brakey said.

    While Virgin Australia does not publicly report half-year results, its then CEO, Jayne Hrdlicka, said in February that the airline group had achieved record profits in the first half of the current financial year, following its post-administration restructure under Bain Capital.

    After the withdrawal of Rex from routes connecting capital cities, Virgin Australia has increased its share of passengers to 34.4 per cent in March 2025, up from 31.3 per cent from a year prior. Virgin Australia also secured three of Rex’s Boeing 737 aircraft leases, which has facilitated its ability to add seat capacity and improve network resilience.

    Record passenger volumes in April following weather disruptions in March

    Although the data was not yet available for this report, airlines and airports were expecting a significant increase in travellers in April with school holidays, Easter and ANZAC day all condensed into a three-week period. Airservices Australia noted that 17 April 2025 (the Thursday before Good Friday) was the busiest day for domestic travel in the past five years.

    This follows disruptions to travel in March, when passenger levels declined by 4.9 per cent compared to March 2024, which can be attributed to Ex-Tropical Cyclone Alfred and associated severe weather events along the east coast of Australia.

    Flights operating between Brisbane-Sydney and Brisbane-Melbourne experienced a 9.9 per cent and 9 per cent reduction in passengers in March 2025 respectively. Meanwhile, Gold Coast and Maroochydore airports experienced the biggest decline in passengers over this period by 30.2 per cent and 25.1 per cent respectively.

    The weather disruptions also contributed to the average industry flight cancellation rate increasing significantly in March 2025 to 5 per cent, compared to the long-term industry average of 2.2 per cent.

    Despite the disruptions caused by Ex-Tropical Cyclone Alfred, the on-time arrival rate has improved over the past six months to levels just below the long-term industry average of 80.7 per cent. The average industry on-time arrival rate was 80.2 per cent in March 2025, an improvement from 74.5 per cent in October 2024.

    “It is encouraging to see the on-time arrival rate improving as this means travellers can have more confidence that their flight will arrive at the time they booked,” Ms Brakey said.

    Seasonal patterns driving recent movements in airfares

    Following a peak in October 2024, the average airfare fell by 16.1 per cent in the three months to January 2025, before increasing again by 9.6 per cent by March 2025.

    “The trends observed in average airfares since January reflect seasonal factors and are broadly consistent with those observed in previous years,” Ms Brakey said.

    “Average airfares have come down from their peak in October 2024.”

    Demand for domestic air travel in the first quarter of 2025 was lower than 12 months prior. However, 2024 was a particularly unusual year by comparison due to significant events that led to unprecedented demand for flights to Melbourne and Sydney, such as the Taylor Swift concerts in February 2024, which in turn led to higher airfares as demand outstripped supply. The Easter long weekend also fell in March last year which contributed to the increase in demand for travel during this time.

    Background

    On 6 November 2023, the Treasurer directed the ACCC to recommence domestic air passenger transport monitoring. Under this direction the ACCC is to monitor prices, costs and profits relating to the supply of domestic air passenger transport services for a period of three years and to report on its monitoring at least once every quarter.

    The ACCC collects data from Jetstar, Qantas, Rex and Virgin Australia for monitoring purposes.

    Rex entered voluntary administration in July 2024 but continues to operate its regional services. The government is guaranteeing regional flight bookings for Rex customers throughout the voluntary administration process.

    MIL OSI News

  • MIL-OSI USA: Peters, Slotkin & Bergman Urge Swift Approval of Major Disaster Declaration for Northern Michigan

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for Michigan Gary Peters

    WASHINGTON, D.C. – U.S. Senators Gary Peters (MI), and Elissa Slotkin (MI), as well as U.S. Representative Jack Bergman (MI-01), are calling on President Trump to declare a Major Disaster for northern Michigan following the severe winter storms in late March. In their letter, the lawmakers supported Governor Gretchen Whitmer’s request for assistance for Alcona, Alpena, Antrim, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Crawford, Emmet, Montmorency, Oscoda, Otsego, and Presque Isle, Kalkaska and Mackinac Counties, as well as the Little Traverse Bay Band of Odawa Indians. The National Weather Service has ranked this as one of the most significant ice storms ever recorded in northern Michigan. 

    “Starting on March 28, northern Michigan experienced extreme winter weather, including a prolonged period of freezing rain which resulted in severe ice accumulation,” the lawmakers wrote. “This caused widespread destruction to homes, businesses, and infrastructure, causing long-term power outages for hundreds of thousands of residents.” 

    The lawmakers continued: “The affected counties also have poverty and unemployment rates that exceed the national average, and seven of the counties have a higher unemployment rate than Michigan’s state average. The disaster area also includes a significant population of individuals who are older than 65 years of age, have disabilities, or receive retirement income. As you know, these factors indicate that these communities are particularly vulnerable after disasters and increases the need for federal assistance to ensure equitable recovery.” 

    State and federal officials estimate the storm caused $137 million in immediate response costs and inflicted severe damage to homes and infrastructure. Given the scale of the damage from this storm, and as the state continues to recover from three other state-declared disasters in the past two years, federal assistance is needed to help these Michigan communities fully recover. 

    “We commend the great work the federal government has done in helping Michigan recover from previous disasters,” continued the lawmakers. “However, in the absence of a federal disaster declaration, Michigan will not have the capacity to ensure these communities receive the aid they need to fully recover. We urge your speedy approval of this request.”  

    Text of the letter is available here. 

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI New Zealand: Proposed temporary fisheries closures at Tangoiro/Waihirere and Motuoroi, north of Gisborne

    Source: police-emblem-97

    Have your say

    Ngāti Wakarara – Ngāti Hau Takutai Kaitiaki Trust has requested 2 temporary closures at:

    1. Tangoiro/Waihirere
    2. Motuoroi.

    Both areas are north of Gisborne. If granted, the closures would prohibit the take of finfish and shellfish (including crustaceans and rock lobster) for 2 years, under section 186A of the Fisheries Act 1996.

    The request follows a rāhui and previous temporary closures. The request states that additional time is needed for:

    • further population recovery after Cyclones Hale and Gabrielle
    • data collection over a sufficient timescale
    • to establish longer-term protection strategies.

    Fisheries New Zealand invites written submissions from anyone who has an interest in the species concerned, or in the effects of fishing in the areas.

    We are accepting submissions from 20 May until 5pm on 18 June 2025.

    Letter requesting the closures

    Tangoiro Waihirere and Motuoroi Temporary Closure Request 2025 (Redacted) [PDF, 1 MB]

    The proposed closure areas

    The area of the proposed Tangoiro/Waihirere temporary closure covers about 0.7 square kilometres and includes the fisheries waters offshore of Tangoiro and Waihirere Beachs. The proposed area excludes the rock platform at the southern end of Waihirere Beach.

    Map of the proposed Tangoiro/Waihirere temporary closure [PDF, 625 KB]

    The area of the proposed Motuoroi temporary closure covers about 1.2 square kilometres, and includes the fisheries waters between Motuoroi Island and the mainland, from the Lockwood Woolshed to south of the shore caves.

    Map of the proposed Motuoroi temporary closure [PDF, 637 KB]

    Map of both proposed temporary closures [PDF, 519 KB]

    Making your submission

    The closing date for submissions is 5pm on Wednesday 18 June 2025.

    Email your submission to FMSubmissions@mpi.govt.nz

    While we prefer email, you can post your submission to:

    Spatial Allocations
    Fisheries Management
    Fisheries New Zealand
    PO Box 2526
    Wellington 6140.

    Public notice

    A public notice about the call for submissions is scheduled to appear in the Gisborne Herald on Tuesday 20 May 2025.

    About temporary closures

    Section 186A of the Fisheries Act 1996 allows the Minister for Oceans and Fisheries to temporarily close an area, or temporarily restrict or prohibit the use of any fishing method in respect of an area, if satisfied that the closure, restriction, or prohibition will recognise and provide for the use and management practices of tangata whenua in the exercise of non-commercial fishing rights.

    Find out more about temporary closures

    Submissions are public information

    Note that all, part, or a summary of your submission may be published on this website. Most often this happens when we issue a document that reviews the submissions received.

    People can also ask for copies of submissions under the Official Information Act 1982 (OIA). The OIA says we must make the content of submissions available unless we have good reason for withholding it. Those reasons are detailed in sections 6 and 9 of the OIA.

    If you think there are grounds to withhold specific information from publication, make this clear in your submission or contact us. Reasons may include that it discloses commercially sensitive or personal information. However, any decision MPI makes to withhold details can be reviewed by the Ombudsman, who may direct us to release it.

    Official Information Act 1982 – NZ Legislation

    MIL OSI New Zealand News

  • MIL-OSI USA: Less Than 1 Week Left To Apply for FEMA Assistance Following February Severe Storms and Flooding

    Source: US Federal Emergency Management Agency

    Headline: Less Than 1 Week Left To Apply for FEMA Assistance Following February Severe Storms and Flooding

    Less Than 1 Week Left To Apply for FEMA Assistance Following February Severe Storms and Flooding

    FRANKFORT, Ky

    – Homeowners and renters in Breathitt, Clay, Estill, Floyd, Harlan, Johnson, Knott, Lee, Leslie, Letcher, Martin, Owsley, Perry, Pike, Simpson and Woodford counties who experienced damage or losses caused by the February severe storms and floods have less than 1 week to apply for federal disaster assistance

    The deadline to apply for federal assistance is May 25

      Survivors of the April storms still have until June 25 to Apply

    How To Apply for FEMA AssistanceThere are several ways to apply for FEMA assistance:Online at DisasterAssistance

    gov

    Visit any Disaster Recovery Center

    To find a center close to you, visit fema

    gov/DRC, or text DRC along with your Zip Code to 43362 (Example: “DRC 29169”)

    Use the FEMA mobile app

    Call the FEMA Helpline at 800-621-3362

    It is open 7 a

    m

    to 10 p

    m

    Eastern Time

    Help is available in many languages

    If you use a relay service, such as Video Relay Service (VRS), captioned telephone or other service, give FEMA your number for that service

    FEMA works with every household on a case-by-case basis

    FEMA representatives can explain available assistance programs, how to apply to FEMA, and help connect survivors with resources for their recovery needs

    When you apply, you will need to provide:A current phone number where you can be contacted

    Your address at the time of the disaster and the address where you are now staying

    Your Social Security Number

    A general list of damage and losses

    Banking information if you choose direct deposit

    If insured, the policy number or the agent and/or the company name

    Survivors should keep their contact information updated with FEMA as the agency may need to call to schedule a home inspection or get additional information

     Disaster assistance is not a substitute for insurance and is not intended to compensate for all losses caused by a disaster

    The assistance is intended to meet basic needs and supplement disaster recovery efforts

     Homeowners and renters in Woodford County may be eligible for federal assistance, if you had property damage or loss in Woodford County from the February severe incident, and then again from the April severe incident, you would need to complete two separate disaster assistance applications

    For an accessible video on how to apply for FEMA assistance, go to youtube

    com/watch?v=WZGpWI2RCNw

     For more information about Kentucky flooding recovery, visit www

    fema

    gov/disaster/4860

    Follow the FEMA Region 4 X account at x

    com/femaregion4

     
    martyce

    allenjr
    Mon, 05/19/2025 – 15:09

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI: Licensed Crypto Mining Platforms Like F2Hash Redefine Global Landscape Amid Bitcoin Boom

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    New York City, NY, May 19, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) —

    In a landmark development for the digital asset industry, licensed and regulated cloud mining platforms are emerging as the backbone of Bitcoin’s post-$100K resurgence. Spearheaded by industry leaders such as F2Hash, the market is witnessing a profound shift from fragmented, independent miners to scalable, compliant, and sustainable infrastructure. As profitability metrics soar and institutional capital floods in, the global mining map is being redrawn—fast.

    F2Hash, among the top-tier mining entities, has become a symbol of this evolution. Founded in 2022 and headquartered in Nicosia, Cyprus, F2Hash operates with a licensed framework under CySEC and FINMA banking oversight. The platform now controls 12.5 EH/s of hash rate and achieves a remarkable 92% use of renewable energy, thanks to its integration with the EU’s Green Mining Initiative.

    “Mining is no longer a guessing game. Our mission is to bring structure, trust, and sustainability to the process,” said Konstantin Vassilev, CEO of F2Hash. “We’re not just adapting to this new era—we’re helping define it. With institutional confidence rising, it’s the platforms that offer transparency, compliance, and energy efficiency that will lead the charge.”

    Cloud mining in 2025 looks fundamentally different from years past. Instead of managing physical machines, users opt for mining contracts that leverage large-scale, high-efficiency facilities. ASIC hardware now achieves performance benchmarks upwards of 450 TH/s, enhanced by liquid cooling technologies that minimise energy loss. Profitability has jumped sharply, with licensed cloud contracts offering 18–24% ROI annually, outpacing home mining setups burdened by higher energy costs.

    According to recent industry data, licensed platforms now command over 65% of global hash power. This includes major players such as:

    • BitFuFu, a Bitmain-backed platform that raised $300M in Series C funding and operates under Dubai’s Virtual Asset Mining Law.
    • CryptMain, innovating with a nuclear-backed mining protocol, is leading in European markets.
    • BitDeer, publicly listed on NYSE, is known for its energy-optimised smart routing systems.
    • ECOS, an Armenian-based firm focused on carbon offset contracts and flexible terms.
    • NiceHash, the largest hash marketplace, which now offers institutional DeFi integration.
    • Hashing24, a veteran platform now bridging mining with Bitcoin Layer 2 infrastructure.

    F2Hash stands out not only for its performance but also for its operational model—offering fixed-term mining contracts with daily payouts and real-time monitoring dashboards for users. Its solar-powered data centers and instant withdrawal systems provide the scalability and environmental accountability regulators demand.

    As governments enforce tighter controls on energy usage and financial flows, platforms like F2Hash are well-positioned to benefit. The EU’s upcoming Climate-Neutral Mining Directive is expected to further favor regulated operators using renewable energy and advanced cooling systems, which can boost energy efficiency by 40%.

    Industry experts suggest that by 2026, up to 75% of global mining could be concentrated in regulated cloud platforms. Meanwhile, traditional financial institutions continue to enter the space, with mining-backed ETFs, structured investment products, and derivative instruments gaining traction.

    The crypto mining industry is shedding its anarchic roots and embracing structured, sustainable growth. For companies like F2Hash, this is more than a market shift—it’s the beginning of a new industrial era.

    For more information, visit F2Hash’s website or contact Nikolai Terskikh at support@f2hash.com.

    Media Contact Detailsz
    Contact Name:  Nikolai Terskikh
    Contact Email: info@f2hash.com
    City/Country: Dimofontos, Nicosia, Cyprus
    Website: https://f2hash.com

    Disclaimer: The information provided in this press release is not a solicitation for investment, nor is it intended as investment advice, financial advice, or trading advice. Cryptocurrency mining and staking involve risk. There is potential for loss of funds. You should practice due diligence, including consultation with a professional financial advisor, before investing in or trading cryptocurrency and securities.

    Attachment

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI USA: Reconciliation Recommendations of the House Committee on Natural Resources

    Source: US Congressional Budget Office

    Legislation Summary

    H. Con. Res. 14, the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2025, instructed the House Committee on Natural Resources to recommend legislative changes that would decrease deficits by not less than a specified amount over the 2025-2034 period. As part of the reconciliation process, the House Committee on Natural Resources approved legislation on May 6, 2025, with provisions that would decrease deficits.

    Estimated Federal Cost

    In CBO’s estimation, the reconciliation recommendations of the House Committee on Natural Resources would, on net, decrease deficits by $20.2 billionover the 2025-2034 period. The estimated budgetary effects of the legislation are shown in Table 1. The costs of the legislation fall within budget functions 300 (natural resources and environment) and 950 (undistributed offsetting receipts).

    Return to Reference

    Table 1.

    Estimated Budgetary Effects of Reconciliation Recommendations Title VIII, House Committee on Natural Resources, as Ordered Reported on May 6, 2025

     

    By Fiscal Year, Millions of Dollars

       
     

    2025

    2026

    2027

    2028

    2029

    2030

    2031

    2032

    2033

    2034

    2025-2029

    2025-2034

     

    Increases or Decreases (-) in Direct Spending

       

    Budget Authority

    2,018

    -575

    -835

    -1,722

    -1,748

    -2,437

    -2,698

    -3,146

    -3,835

    -4,355

    -2,862

    -19,333

    Estimated Outlays

    -122

    -521

    -659

    -1,523

    -1,504

    -2,224

    -2,254

    -2,693

    -3,377

    -4,096

    -4,329

    -18,973

     

    Increases in Revenues

       

    Estimated Revenues

    0

    65

    130

    130

    135

    140

    140

    145

    150

    150

    460

    1,185

     

    Net Decrease in the Deficit

    From Changes in Direct Spending and Revenues

       

    Effect on the Deficit

    -122

    -586

    -789

    -1,653

    -1,639

    -2,364

    -2,394

    -2,838

    -3,527

    -4,246

    -4,789

    -20,158

    Basis of Estimate

    For this estimate, CBO assumes that the legislation will be enacted in summer 2025. CBO’s estimates are relative to its January 2025 baseline and cover the period from 2025 through 2034. Outlays of directly appropriated amounts were estimated using historical obligation and spending rates for similar programs.

    CBO expects that the share of bonus bids, rents, and royalties from onshore oil, gas, coal, and renewable-energy production paid to states and counties would be subject to sequestration under the Budget Control Act of 2011. CBO estimates that a portion of those payments would be sequestered in each year, starting in 2027 and ending in 2032. However, in every subsequent year, starting in 2028 and ending in 2033, those amounts would be restored, resulting in a net zero budgetary effect over the 2025‑2034 period. CBO includes those effects in its estimates for sections 80101, 80111, 80121, 80122, 80141, 80144, 80181, 80301, 80303, 80304, and 80305.

    Direct Spending

    CBO estimates that enacting the legislation would decrease direct spending outlays by $19.0 billion over the 2025-2034 period (see Table 2).

    Subtitle A. Energy and Mineral Resources

    Subtitle A would require new lease sales on federal land for onshore and offshore oil and gas, coal, and renewable energy and would change permitting processes. CBO estimates that enacting the subtitle would decrease direct spending by $19.7 billion over the 2025-2034 period.

    Federally owned energy resources are developed under a leasing system that requires companies to bid on tracts of land. Winning bidders remit payments called bonus bids when leases are issued; pay annual rent on nonproducing leases; and pay royalties on the value of any oil, gas, coal, or electricity produced from the leased land. Those payments are recorded in the budget as offsetting receipts—that is, as reductions in direct spending. Unless otherwise noted, those fees are deposited in the Treasury.

    Part I. Oil and Gas

    Sections 80101 through 80105 would increase the minimum number of oil and gas lease sales required each year, reinstate noncompetitive oil and gas lease sales, establish permitting by rule for oil and gas drilling, expand the practice of commingling oil and gas production, and reduce royalty rates for new onshore oil and gas leases from 16.67 percent to 12.5 percent. Those sections interact and CBO has shown the estimates of their combined budgetary effects under section 80101.

    Onshore Oil and Gas Leasing Sales. Section 80101 would require the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to conduct at least four onshore oil and gas lease sales each year in specified states where land is available for oil and gas development under the Mineral Leasing Act. Under current law, the Department of the Interior (DOI) has discretion to postpone or cancel oil and gas lease sales; the section would require BLM to conduct a replacement sale if a sale is canceled. CBO estimates that the resulting number of onshore oil and gas leases would increase by 1,300 annually, on average, over the 2025-2034 period.

    CBO estimates that the interactive effects of enacting this section and sections 80102 through 80105, discussed below, would increase offsetting receipts from bonus bids, rents, and royalties by $12.8 billion, on net, over the 2026-2034 period, after adjusting for the effects of sequestration.

    Noncompetitive Leasing. Section 80102 would reinstate BLM’s authority, rescinded by the 2022 reconciliation act, to award federal land for oil and gas development in noncompetitive leases if no successful bids are made in a competitive sale. Using data from the agency, CBO estimates that enacting the section would increase onshore oil and gas leasing by 150 to 180 leases each year, thus increasing oil and gas production and related collections of royalties over the 2025‑2034 period. This provision interacts with other sections and CBO has shown the estimated budgetary effects under section 80101.

    Permit Fees. Section 80103 would direct DOI to approve applications that allow operators to commingle onshore oil and gas production from multiple sources within a single well. Operators would be required to pay a $10,000 fee and install volume-measuring equipment to ensure appropriate oil and gas allocation and royalty payments. BLM currently allows onshore operators to commingle production under certain conditions; enacting this provision would expand that practice.

    Information from industry sources and BLM indicates that commingling can produce larger yields over shorter periods than is likely with permitting and drilling separate wells. CBO estimates that under this provision DOI would approve an average of 1,000 applications annually over the 2025‑2034 period; thus, royalty collections would increase relative to current law.

    Within two years of enactment, section 80103 also would require DOI to establish a permit-by-rule program. Under the program, leaseholders would purchase permits (at a cost of $5,000) allowing them to notify a permitting authority of their compliance with certain rules. That process would shorten the time to begin oil and gas development.

    Using information from industry sources and BLM, CBO estimates that under this provision, DOI would receive more than 3,000 applications annually over the 2025-2034 period. We expect that oil and gas production would accelerate by about 200 days, on average, increasing royalty payments relative to current law. CBO further expects that under section 80103, future leased parcels would become more valuable, increasing future bonus bids for onshore leases. This provision interacts with other sections and CBO has shown the estimated budgetary effects under section 80101.

    Permitting Fee for Non-Federal Land. Section 80104 would prohibit DOI from requiring permits to drill for oil and gas leases under certain conditions, including drilling in places where the federal government owns less than 50 percent of the minerals or does not own the surface of the drilling area. Operators would be required to pay a $5,000 fee for each lease. Using information from the agency, CBO estimates that fewer than 200 such cases would occur each year over the 2025-2034 period. CBO estimates that oil and gas production would accelerate by about a year in those cases, increasing royalties paid to the federal government. This provision interacts with other sections and CBO has shown the estimated budgetary effects under section 80101.

    Reinstate Reasonable Royalty Rates. Section 80105 would reinstate a royalty rate of 12.5 percent for new onshore oil and gas leases. The 2022 reconciliation act set the royalty rate at 16.67 percent. (The legislation would not affect the royalty rate for outstanding leases.) CBO expects that one effect of lowering the rate would be to reduce royalty receipts from new lease sales that CBO projects would occur under current law. CBO also expects that lowering the rate would increase oil and gas production on those sites, because of the potential for increased profits for operators and leaseholders, thus increasing royalty collections. In addition, CBO expects that future leased parcels would become more valuable, thus raising future bonus bids on onshore leases. This provision interacts with other sections and CBO has shown the estimated budgetary effects under section 80101.

    Under current law, through August 2032 the royalty rates for offshore oil and gas leases must be between 16.67 percent and 18.75 percent, and at least 16.67 percent after that. This provision would permanently set the rate between 12.5 percent and 18.75 percent. Based on royalty rates for recent oil and gas leasing, CBO expects that the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) would continue to impose a rate of 18.75 percent; on that basis, CBO expects that the legislation would not affect the royalty rate for future offshore oil and gas leases.

    Part II. Geothermal

    Sections 80111 and 80112 would require annual geothermal lease sales and exclude power plants outside of the leasing area from paying royalties on geothermal resources used by those plants. The two sections interact and CBO has shown the estimates of their combined budgetary effects under section 80111.

    Geothermal Leasing. Section 80111 would require DOI to hold annual geothermal lease sales and replace canceled or delayed sales within the same year. Sales would include parcels in each state that are eligible for geothermal development under the Federal Land and Management Act of 1976. Under current law, DOI holds geothermal lease sales every other year. Winning bidders remit bonus bids as leases are issued and they pay annual rent on nonproducing leases and royalties on the value of any electricity produced and sold from the leased land. Geothermal projects on federal land take between seven and nine years from leasing to electricity production, depending on permitting, exploration results, and financial resources.

    Using information from the industry and data from BLM, CBO estimates that under the legislation DOI would issue about 450 new leases through 2034. CBO estimates that, after sharing a portion of those receipts with states and counties where the activities occur, the legislation would increase net offsetting receipts by $23 million from bonus bids, rents, and royalties over the 2025-2034 period, after adjusting for sequestration.

    Geothermal Royalties. Section 80112 would exclude from royalty payments federal geothermal resources that support power plants located outside the boundaries of the federal geothermal leasing area. Under current law, using geothermal resources within or outside an area does not exempt lessees from paying royalties. Using data from BLM, CBO estimates that more than half of all power plants that access federal geothermal resources would be excluded from paying royalties under this provision, decreasing royalty payments under new leases.

    Part III. Alaska

    Part III would reinstate the Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program and require new lease sales in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska.

    Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing. Section 80121 would require BLM to reinstate six leases canceled after the 2021 lease sale. CBO expects that the lessees would repay the $8 million for bonus bids they received in reimbursements after the cancellation and that they would pay rent totaling $3 million a year until production begins.

    This provision also would require BLM to conduct at least four oil and gas lease sales in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge within 10 years of enactment. BLM would be required to offer a minimum of 400,000 acres in each sale, or the total number of unleased acres available at the time of a sale. The legislation would require those sales to be conducted under terms established by the “Record of Decision for the Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program, Alaska,” dated August 21, 2020.

    Section 80121 also would require BLM to issue any rights-of-way, easements, permits, or other necessary authorizations for the exploration, development, production, and transportation of oil and gas under those leases. Those authorizations would be considered to satisfy all federal laws, including the Alaska National Interest Lands Act, Endangered Species Act, and National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and they would be exempted from judicial review. CBO expects that enacting those provisions would significantly increase the likelihood that companies would participate in each sale and the amount that companies would bid in those sales.

    Using information from BLM, the U.S. Geological Survey, and industry experts, CBO estimates that the reinstated and new leases awarded under the legislation would increase net offsetting receipts to the federal government by $946 million from bonus bids, rents, and royalties over the 2025-2034 period, after adjusting for sequestration. That amount is adjusted for sequestration and incorporates the 50 percent that would be paid to Alaska under current law.

    Estimates of bonus bids, rents, and royalties from leases in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge are uncertain. Potential bidders might make assumptions that are different from CBO’s, including assumptions about long-term oil prices, production costs, the amount of oil and gas resources in the area, production timelines, and alternative investment opportunities. The number of factors that affect companies’ investment and operation decisions result in wide ranges for bonus bids, rents, and royalties. CBO’s estimate represents the midpoint of those ranges.

    National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska. Section 80122 would direct DOI to resume the oil and gas leasing program under the Naval Petroleum Reserves Production Act of 1976, requiring a lease sale within one year of enactment, and every two years thereafter. Under regulations issued in 2020, BLM would offer a minimum of 4 million acres in each sale. The legislation would deem all sales to meet environmental requirements established in NEPA.

    Using information from BLM, the U.S. Geological Survey, and industry groups, CBO estimates that bonus bids, rents, and royalties from the reinstated and new leases would increase net offsetting receipts by $532 million over the 2025‑2034 period, after adjusting for sequestration. That amount is adjusted for sequestration and incorporates the 50 percent that would be paid to Alaska under current law.

    Part IV. Mining

    Part IV would reinstate mining leases in national forest land in the state of Minnesota and require the necessary approvals and permits for a new road in Alaska.

    Superior National Forest Lands in Minnesota. Section 80131 would rescind an order issued by BLM in 2023 that was effective for a period of 20 years and subject to valid existing rights. That order withdrew more than 225,000 acres of National Forest System land in Minnesota from mineral and geothermal leasing. This provision would require the Departments of Agriculture and the Interior to reissue all mineral leases for a 20-year term with an option for renewal. The remaining terms of the reinstated leases would be as they were originally and the leases would be exempt from judicial review.

    Using information from BLM on the leases’ terms, CBO expects that leaseholders would pay combined annual rent and minimum royalties of about $400,000 and would pay a 6 percent royalty on the gross value of minerals mined. Based on information from the industry, CBO expects that state and local permitting and preproduction activities would take about seven years to complete. Because of uncertainty about when and whether leaseholders would obtain the necessary state permits, CBO used a 50 percent probability that production would begin after 2031 but before 2034. On that basis, CBO estimates that the federal government would collect $81 million in rents and royalties over the 2025-2034 period.

    Ambler Road in Alaska. Section 80132 would require federal approval for rights-of-way, permits, licenses, leases, and any other authorizations needed to access public land for the construction of the Ambler Road across the western unit of the Gates of the Arctic National Preserve and the Central Yukon Planning Area in Alaska. All authorizations would be granted under the 2020 Ambler Road Environmental Impact Statement and would be exempt from judicial review. This provision also would establish an annual rent of $500,000 from 2025 through 2034. CBO estimates that enacting the provision would reduce direct spending by $4 million over the 2025-2034 period.

    Part V. Coal

    Part V would require DOI to rescind the temporary pause on coal leasing and reduce the royalty rate on existing and new coal leases. Sections 80141 through 80143 interact and CBO has shown the estimates of their combined budgetary effects under section 80141.

    Coal Leasing. Section 80141 would direct DOI to process and approve qualified applications for coal leases and provide any necessary approvals for mining. The legislation also would require DOI to make available a minimum of 4 million additional acres with known recoverable coal reserves in the lower 48 states and Alaska. That requirement would exclude national parks and monuments as well as historic, wilderness, recreational, and conservation areas. After adjusting for the effects of sequestration, CBO estimates that the bonus bids, rents, and royalties would increase offsetting receipts by $237 million over the 2025‑2034 period.

    Future Coal Leasing. Section 80142 would rescind a 2016 Secretarial Order from DOI that paused the issuance of new federal leases for thermal coal. This provision interacts with section 80141 and CBO has shown the estimated budgetary effects under that section.

    Coal Royalty. Section 80143 would reduce the royalty rate on federal coal leases from 12.5 percent to 7 percent. That rate would apply to existing and new leases from the date of enactment through September 30, 2034. CBO estimates that the reduction would increase direct spending during the same period by reducing offsetting receipts. This section interacts with section 80141 and CBO has shown the estimated budgetary effects under that section.

    Authorization to Mine Federal Minerals. Section 80144 would authorize the mining of all coal reserves under certain federal coal leases previously issued for about 800 acres in Montana. Mining authorizations would be provided in accordance with a 2020 mining plan modification. Using information from BLM, CBO estimates that enacting the provision would increase net royalties by $42 million in the 2025‑2034 period, after sharing 50 percent of the total receipts with the state of Montana. The estimate is adjusted for the effects of sequestration.

    Part VI. NEPA

    Part VI would authorize sponsors of projects that require environmental assessments or environmental impact statements under NEPA to pay a fee to potentially expedite completion of the assessments or statements and for exemption from judicial review.

    Project Sponsor Opt-In Fees for Environmental Reviews. Section 80151 would authorize sponsors of projects that require environmental assessments or environmental impact statements under NEPA to pay a fee for a potentially expedited completion of the assessment or statement and for exemption from judicial review. The fee would be set at 125 percent of the anticipated costs to prepare or supervise the preparation of the assessment or statement.

    CBO expects that the exemption from judicial review would accelerate the start date of some large, federally funded transportation, energy, and infrastructure projects that otherwise would have been delayed by litigation. Based on NEPA litigation data and factoring in the chance that projects would be delayed by other litigation (for example, challenges under the Endangered Species Act), CBO anticipates that enacting section 80151 would accelerate those projects by about two years. We also expect that some federally funded projects that would have been permanently stopped by a challenge under current law would commence under this provision. CBO estimates that accelerating or starting those formerly delayed or stopped projects would increase direct spending by $190 million over the 2025-2034 period. (CBO expects that federal funds for those projects would have been spent more slowly or would not have been spent at all, under current law.)

    Finally, CBO expects that enacting section 80151 would accelerate the start of some energy projects on federal land, increasing the collection of rents and royalties over the 2025-2034 period. Those effects are included as interactive effects in other sections.

    Rescission Relating to Environmental and Climate Data Collection. Section 80152 would rescind the unobligated balances of funds directly appropriated in the 2022 reconciliation act to the Council on Environmental Quality. Using information from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), CBO estimates that enacting this provision would decrease direct spending by $25 million over the 2025-2034 period.

    Part VII. Miscellaneous

    Part VII would require a fee for the filing of protests against oil and gas lease sales. The receipts collected under the provision would reduce direct spending.

    Protest Fees. Section 80161 would establish filing fees to submit protests against oil and gas lease sales; the fees would depend on the number of pages and protests in each filing. Using data from BLM on protests and the estimated increases in oil and gas leasing under the legislation, CBO estimates that enacting the provision would increase offsetting receipts by $5 million over the 2025-2034 period.

    Part VIII. Offshore Oil and Gas Leasing

    Part VIII would require new sales of offshore oil and gas leases, authorize the commingling of offshore oil production from multiple reservoirs within a single well under certain conditions, and increase the amount of energy receipts that may be distributed to states and conservation programs. Sections 80171 and 80172 interact and CBO has shown the combined estimates of their budgetary effects under section 80171.

    Mandatory Offshore Oil and Gas Lease Sales. Section 80171 would require BOEM to hold at least 30 lease sales in the Gulf of America during the 15 years after enactment and 6 lease sales in Alaska’s Cook Inlet during the 10 years after enactment. Those sales would be held annually according to a schedule described in the legislation.

    In September 2023, BOEM released its five-year plan for holding Outer Continental Shelf oil and gas lease sales during the 2024-2029 period. The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act requires BOEM to issue leasing schedules; any significant revisions require a process for consultation and rulemaking. Under the current five-year plan, the agency intends to hold two more sales in the gulf: one each in 2027 and 2029. The plan does not include sales in the Alaska Outer Continental Shelf. The legislation would authorize BOEM to hold the new sales in addition to those in the five-year plan.

    CBO expects that, under the legislation, BOEM would hold 24 additional offshore oil and gas sales by the end of 2034: 18 in the gulf and 6 in the Cook Inlet. Because planning and executing a lease sale takes between six months and two years, CBO expects that the sale that the legislation would require before August 15, 2025, would occur in a later year. CBO estimates that new offshore lease sales would generate $6.3 billion in bonus bids, rents, and royalties over the 2026-2034 period. That estimate includes the effects of enacting section 80172.

    Offshore Commingling. Section 80172 would require DOI to approve operator requests to commingle offshore oil production from multiple reservoirs within a single well unless there is conclusive evidence that safety is threatened or aggregate production could decline. The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement currently generally allows offshore leaseholders to commingle production if the pressure differential between reservoirs is under 200 pounds per square inch, though in one region, that differential is set at below 1,500 pounds per square inch. The legislation would authorize commingling at any pressure differential if safety and production are unaffected.

    According to academic research and industry feedback, commingled wells can be more productive, on average, than sequential wells. On that basis, CBO expects that enacting the provision would increase the number of commingled wells, leading to increased production. CBO also expects that future leased tracts would become more valuable, increasing the amount of future bonus bids on offshore leases.

    Using information from BOEM, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, and industry groups, CBO expects that the provision would increase offsetting receipts relative to current law. This section interacts with section 80171 and CBO has shown its effects in the estimate for that section.

    Limitations of Amount of Distributed Qualified Outer Continental Shelf Revenues. Section 80173 would amend the Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act of 2006 to increase the amount of energy receipts that may be distributed to states and conservation programs. Under current law, not more than $500 million in receipts collected from leases entered into on or after December 2006 may be distributed in each year through 2055; the legislation would allow up to $650 million to be distributed in each year through 2034. CBO expects that the new funding resulting from increasing the cap would be subject to sequestration beginning in 2027, which would reduce spending by about $50 million over the 2027-2032 period. Accounting for sequestration, CBO estimates that increasing the cap to $650 million would increase direct spending outlays by $1.2 billion over the 2025-2034 period.

    Part IX. Renewable Energy

    Part IX would establish a standard formula to calculate the capacity fee (an equivalent to royalty payment) paid to the federal government under geothermal leases and require the Treasury to distribute a part of those receipts to the states and counties where the operations take place. Sections 80181 and 80182 interact and CBO has shown the estimate of their combined budgetary effects in the estimate for section 80181.

    Renewable Energy Fees on Federal Lands. Section 80181 would establish a formula to calculate rental rates and the capacity fees paid to the federal government under solar and wind leases on federal land. A capacity fee is a royalty based on the energy produced and sold under those leases. Under current law, BLM establishes and can modify those formulas by rule. The capacity fee calculation under this provision would apply to existing and new leases and would, in CBO’s estimation, increase the total offsetting receipts collected relative to current law. Using information from BLM on current and estimated future wind and solar projects, CBO estimates that enacting the provision would increase offsetting receipts by $180 million over the 2025-2034 period, after adjusting for the effects of sequestration.

    Renewable Energy Revenue Sharing. Section 80182 would require the Treasury to distribute 25 percent of the offsetting receipts from wind and solar leases on federal land to the states and counties where those operations take place. The federal government does not currently distribute any of those receipts to states. CBO estimates that enacting this provision would increase direct spending over the 2025-2034 period. This section interacts with section 80181 and CBO has shown its budgetary effects in the estimate for section 80181.

    Subtitle B. Water, Wildlife, and Fisheries

    Subtitle B would rescind certain unobligated balances from funds directly appropriated in the 2022 reconciliation act and provide funding for water storage and conveyance activities. CBO estimates that enacting the subtitle would increase outlays, on net, by $2.4 billion over the 2025-2034 period.

    Rescission of Funds. Sections 80201 and 80202 would rescind certain unobligated balances of funds directly appropriated in the 2022 reconciliation act. Using information from OMB, CBO estimates that enacting those sections would decrease outlays over the 2025-2034 period by the following amounts:

    • $100 million for Investing in Coastal Communities and Climate Resilience; and

    $29 million for Facilities of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

    Surface Water Storage Enhancement. Section 80203 would provide $2 billion in 2025 to the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) to increase the capacity of existing surface water storage facilities. The section also would exempt those funds from cost-sharing, matching, and reimbursement requirements, which are typical for financing projects for developing water storage.

    CBO expects that the funds would allow BOR to move forward with the Shasta Dam and Reservoir Enlargement Project by removing the requirement to engage a nonfederal partner. Based on historical spending patterns and information from the agency, CBO estimates that enacting this provision would increase direct spending by $2 billion over the 2025-2034 period.

    Water Conveyance Enhancement. Section 80204 would directly appropriate $500 million in 2025 to BOR to increase the capacity of existing water conveyance facilities. Based on historical spending patterns and information from the agency, CBO expects that the amounts provided would be fully spent over the 2025-2034 period.

    Section 80204 also would exempt the amounts provided from cost-sharing, matching, and reimbursement requirements, which are typical for financing conveyance projects. That could affect spending subject to appropriation, but CBO has not reviewed this provision for such effects.

    Subtitle C. Federal Lands

    Subtitle C would prohibit BLM from implementing certain resource management plans and rescind unobligated funds from the Forest Service and BLM. CBO estimates that enacting the subtitle would decrease direct spending by $1.6 billion over the 2025-2034 period.

    Prohibition on the Implementation of Field Office Management Plans. Sections 80301 through 80305 would prohibit DOI from implementing, administering, or enforcing five BLM Resource Management Plans made final between October 2024 and January 2025 for the Rock Springs and Buffalo Field Offices in Wyoming, the Miles City Field Office in Montana, a statewide plan for North Dakota, and the Colorado River Valley and Grand Junction Field Offices in Colorado. After adjusting for the effects of sequestration, CBO estimates that enacting those provisions would decrease direct spending by a total of $261 million over the 2026-2034 period.

    Rescissions of Funds. Sections 80306, 80307, 80308, and 80309 would rescind certain unobligated balances of funds directly appropriated in the 2022 reconciliation act. Using information from the OMB, CBO estimates that enacting those rescissions would decrease outlays over the 2025-2034 period by $287 million for the Forest Service, the National Park Service, and BLM.

    Celebrating America’s 250th Anniversary. Section 80310 would provide $190 million for DOI to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the founding of the United States of America and establish and maintain a statuary park named the National Garden of American Heroes. Based on historical spending patterns, CBO expects that the directly appropriated amounts would be fully spent over the 2025-2034 period.

    Long-Term Contracts for the Forest Service. Section 80311 would require the Forest Service to enter into at least one 20-year contract for timber harvesting per region each year over the 2025-2029 period. CBO expects that the sales required within one year of enactment would occur in a later year.

    This section would establish the contracts’ terms and conditions. Under current law, proceeds from national forests’ timber sales are deposited into various funds, depending on the authority under which the sale is conducted; amounts deposited into those funds can be spent without further appropriation. This provision would require the proceeds from the sales conducted under the legislation to be deposited in the Treasury. Thus, CBO estimates that enacting the provision would decrease direct spending over the 2025-2034 period.

    CBO estimates that section 80311 would interact with section 80313. That section would require the Forest Service to harvest and sell a minimum of 25 percent more timber than the amounts it sold in fiscal year 2024.

    CBO estimates that of the additional timber sales conducted under section 80313, half could be harvested through the required long-term contracts. Using data on timber sales and accounting for the interaction between the two sections, CBO estimates that enacting those sections would increase offsetting receipts by $111 million over the 2025-2034 period.

    Long-Term Contracts for the Bureau of Land Management. Section 80312 would require BLM to enter at least one 20-year contract for timber harvesting per region each year over the 2025-2029 period.

    This section would establish the contracts’ terms and conditions. Under current law, most proceeds of timber sales on public land under the jurisdiction of BLM are deposited into various funds depending on the authority under which the sale is conducted; amounts deposited into those funds can be spent without further appropriation. This provision would require the proceeds from the sales conducted under the legislation to be deposited in the Treasury as offsetting receipts. Thus, CBO estimates that enacting the provision would decrease direct spending over the 2025-2034 period.

    CBO estimates that half of the timber sold under section 80314 could be harvested under long-term contracts. That section would require BLM to harvest and sell a minimum of 25 percent more timber than it sold in fiscal year 2024. Using data on timber sales and accounting for the interaction between the sections, CBO estimates that enacting those sections would increase offsetting receipts by $46 million over the 2025-2034 period. Furthermore, CBO expects that the sales required within a year of enactment would occur in a later year. CBO expects that section 80312 would interact with section 80314 and the combined estimated budgetary effects are shown in the estimate for section 80312.

    Bureau of Land Management Land in Nevada. Section 80315 would direct DOI to identify and convey federal land, managed by BLM, in non-metropolitan areas of four counties in Nevada. The provision would require BLM to sell the land below fair-market value upon request by certain counties to use it for affordable housing. Otherwise, the land would be sold or exchanged for a price that is at or above fair-market value. Proceeds from those sales are recorded in the budget as offsetting receipts.

    Based on public maps describing available land for disposal in the state and information from BLM, CBO estimates that roughly 400,000 acres are identified for conveyance under this section. Much of that land is in Pershing County and is estimated to be encumbered with mining claims, millsites, or tunnel sites (roughly 250,000 acres). Encumbered land would be offered at fair-market value to the owner of the encumbrance under this section, and CBO expects that those acres would be conveyed over the 2025‑2034 period. For the remaining acres, CBO used a 50 percent probability that some of the available land would be identified for disposal and a 50 percent probability that the land so identified would be conveyed. On that basis, CBO estimates that 40,000 acres would be conveyed under the legislation over the next 10 years.

    Using information from DOI, related organizations, and past land sales in the state, CBO estimates that enacting this section would reduce direct spending by $819 million over the 2025-2034 period.

    Forest Service Land in Nevada. Section 80316 would direct the Department of Agriculture to identify and convey federal land managed by the Forest Service in Washoe County, Nevada. The provision would require the department to sell the land below fair-market value upon request by the county to use for affordable housing. Otherwise, the land would be sold at or above fair-market value. Proceeds from the sales would be recorded in the budget as offsetting receipts. Based on information from other land sales, CBO estimates that enacting section 80316 would reduce direct spending by $7 million over the 2025-2034 period.

    Federal Land in Utah. Section 80317 would require DOI to convey roughly 11,000 acres of federal land managed by BLM in Utah. The section would require DOI to sell the land at or above fair-market value. CBO expects that identifying and conveying the land would take several years. Proceeds from the sales would be recorded in the budget as offsetting receipts Using information on land values from BLM, CBO estimates that enacting section 80317 would reduce direct spending by $293 million over the 2025-2034 period.

    Revenues

    Enacting the legislation would increase revenues by $1.2 billion over the 2025-2034 period. (see On that basis, CBO estimates that enacting section 80151 would increase revenues, on net, by $1.2 billion over the 2025-2034 period.

    Uncertainty

    Many of CBO’s estimates for spending and revenues are subject to uncertainty because they rely on underlying projections and other estimates that are themselves uncertain.

    Several areas of the legislation are subject to particular uncertainty:

    • Projecting bonus bids, rents, and royalties from onshore and offshore oil, gas, and coal leasing depends on future prices of those fuels and minerals, the number of new leases that would begin production within the 10-year window, and the amount of production per lease, all of which are subject to market conditions and individual responses by public and private-sector entities;
    • Projecting bonus bids, rents, and royalties from renewable-energy leases depends on future prices of electricity and grid capacity, the number of new leases that would produce electricity, and the amount of electricity produced per lease, all of which are subject to market conditions and individual responses by public and private-sector entities;
    • Estimating bonus bids for leases in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge requires CBO to make assumptions that might differ from those of potential bidders, including our projections of long-term oil and gas prices and estimated production costs. For more information about the uncertainty of the estimates related to Alaska, see the discussion above in the section “Part III. Alaska”;
    • Anticipating market conditions and the risk tolerance of nonfederal entities make it difficult to project the amount of fees that those entities would pay for exemptions from judicial review under section 80151;
    • Projecting timelines is difficult for federally funded projects that could accelerate or newly start because of the judicial review provision; and
    • Projecting receipts from the conveyance of federal land in Nevada and Utah because of uncertain timelines, land value, and acreage.

    Pay-As-You-Go Considerations

    The Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 establishes budget-reporting and enforcement procedures for legislation affecting direct spending or revenues. The net changes in outlays and revenues that are subject to those pay-as-you-go procedures are shown in Acting Chief, Natural and Physical Resources Cost Estimates Unit

    Kathleen FitzGerald
    Chief, Public and Private Mandates Unit

    Christina Hawley Anthony
    Deputy Director of Budget Analysis

    H. Samuel Papenfuss 
    Deputy Director of Budget Analysis

    Chad Chirico 
    Director of Budget Analysis

    Phillip L. Swagel

    Director, Congressional Budget Office

    Table 2.

    Estimated Changes in Direct Spending and Revenues Under Reconciliation Recommendations Title VIII, Committee on Natural Resources, as Ordered Reported on May 6, 2025

     

    By Fiscal Year, Millions of Dollars

       
     

    2025

    2026

    2027

    2028

    2029

    2030

    2031

    2032

    2033

    2034

    2025-2029

    2025-2034

     

    Increases or Decreases (-) in Direct Spending

       

    Subtitle A. Energy and Mineral Resources

                       

    Part I. Oil and Gas

                           

    Sec. 80101, Onshore Oil and Gas Lease Salesa

                         

    Budget Authority

    0

    -210

    -686

    -1,102

    -1,333

    -1,552

    -1,730

    -1,854

    -2,043

    -2,260

    -3,331

    -12,770

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    -210

    -686

    -1,102

    -1,333

    -1,552

    -1,730

    -1,854

    -2,043

    -2,260

    -3,331

    -12,770

    Part II: Geothermal

                           

    Sec. 80111, Geothermal Leasingb

                         

    Budget Authority

    0

    -1

    -1

    -2

    -2

    -3

    -3

    -3

    -3

    -5

    -6

    -23

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    -1

    -1

    -2

    -2

    -3

    -3

    -3

    -3

    -5

    -6

    -23

    Part III. Alaska

                           

    Sec. 80121, Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing

                           

    Budget Authority

    0

    -219

    -3

    -15

    -2

    -15

    -3

    -16

    -332

    -341

    -239

    -946

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    -219

    -3

    -15

    -2

    -15

    -3

    -16

    -332

    -341

    -239

    -946

    Sec. 80122, National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska

                           

    Budget Authority

    0

    -80

    -5

    -90

    -6

    -95

    -11

    -97

    -34

    -114

    -181

    -532

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    -80

    -5

    -90

    -6

    -95

    -11

    -97

    -34

    -114

    -181

    -532

    Part IV. Mining

                           

    Sec. 80131, Superior National Forest Lands in Minnesota

                         

    Budget Authority

    -1

    *

    -1

    *

    -1

    *

    -1

    -22

    -28

    -27

    -3

    -81

    Estimated Outlays

    -1

    *

    -1

    *

    -1

    *

    -1

    -22

    -28

    -27

    -3

    -81

    Sec. 80132, Ambler Road in Alaska

                         

    Budget Authority

    0

    *

    -1

    *

    -1

    *

    -1

    *

    -1

    *

    -2

    -4

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    *

    -1

    *

    -1

    *

    -1

    *

    -1

    *

    -2

    -4

    Part V. Coal

                           

    Sec. 80141, Coal Leasingc

                           

    Budget Authority

    0

    84

    67

    61

    57

    -107

    -101

    -98

    -99

    -101

    269

    -237

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    84

    67

    61

    57

    -107

    -101

    -98

    -99

    -101

    269

    -237

    Sec. 80144, Authorization to Mine Federal Minerals

                           

    Budget Authority

    0

    -14

    -15

    -14

    1

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -42

    -42

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    -14

    -15

    -14

    1

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -42

    -42

                         

    (Continued)

    Table 2.

    Estimated Changes in Direct Spending and Revenues Under Reconciliation Recommendations Title VIII, Committee on Natural Resources, as Ordered Reported on May 6, 2025

    (Continued)

     

    By Fiscal Year, Millions of Dollars

       
     

    2025

    2026

    2027

    2028

    2029

    2030

    2031

    2032

    2033

    2034

    2025-2029

    2025-2034

     

    Increases or Decreases (-) in Direct Spending

       

    Part VI. NEPA

                           

    Sec. 80151, Project Sponsor Opt-In Fees for Environmental Reviews

                         

    Budget Authority

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    0

    *

    5

    15

    25

    30

    35

    40

    40

    20

    190

    Sec. 80152, Rescission Relating to Environmental and Data Collection

                         

    Budget Authority

    -25

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -25

    -25

    Estimated Outlays

    -7

    -6

    -6

    -6

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -25

    -25

    Part VII. Miscellaneous

                           

    Sec. 80161, Protest Fees

                           

    Budget Authority

    0

    *

    -1

    *

    -1

    *

    -1

    *

    -2

    *

    -2

    -5

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    *

    -1

    *

    -1

    *

    -1

    *

    -2

    *

    -2

    -5

    Part VIII: Offshore Oil and Gas Leasing

                       

    Sec. 80171, Mandatory Offshore Oil and Gas Lease Salesd

                         

    Budget Authority

    0

    -160

    -170

    -530

    -390

    -540

    -800

    -1,010

    -1,240

    -1,450

    -1,250

    -6,290

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    -160

    -170

    -530

    -390

    -540

    -800

    -1,010

    -1,240

    -1,450

    -1,250

    -6,290

    Sec. 80173, Limitations on Amount of Distributed Qualified Outer Continental Shelf Revenues

                       

    Budget Authority

    0

    150

    140

    140

    140

    140

    140

    145

    150

    150

    570

    1,295

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    120

    120

    130

    140

    140

    140

    145

    150

    150

    510

    1,235

    Part IX: Renewable Energy

                           

    Sec. 80181, Renewable Energy Fees on Federal Landse

                         

    Budget Authority

    0

    -5

    -5

    -6

    -13

    -21

    -28

    -27

    -37

    -38

    -29

    -180

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    -5

    -5

    -6

    -13

    -21

    -28

    -27

    -37

    -38

    -29

    -180

                         

    (Continued)

    Table 2.

    Estimated Changes in Direct Spending and Revenues Under Reconciliation Recommendations Title VIII, Committee on Natural Resources, as Ordered Reported on May 6, 2025

    (Continued)

     

    By Fiscal Year, Millions of Dollars

       
     

    2025

    2026

    2027

    2028

    2029

    2030

    2031

    2032

    2033

    2034

    2025-2029

    2025-2034

     

    Increases or Decreases (-) in Direct Spending

       

    Subtitle B: Water, Wildlife, and Fisheries

                       

    Sec. 80201, Rescission of Funds for Investing in Coastal Communities and Climate Resilience

                       

    Budget Authority

    -280

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -280

    -280

    Estimated Outlays

    -40

    -20

    -15

    -15

    -10

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -100

    -100

    Sec. 80202, Rescission of Funds for Facilities of National Atmospheric Administration and National Marine Sanctuaries

                       

    Budget Authority

    -29

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -29

    -29

    Estimated Outlays

    -7

    -7

    -7

    -6

    -2

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -29

    -29

    Sec. 80203, Surface Water Storage Enhancement

                           

    Budget Authority

    2,000

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    2,000

    2,000

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    31

    71

    108

    109

    209

    417

    418

    418

    219

    319

    2,000

    Sec. 80204, Water Conveyance Enhancement

                         

    Budget Authority

    500

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    500

    500

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    25

    175

    150

    150

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    500

    500

    Subtitle C: Federal Lands

                           

    Sec. 80301, Prohibition on the Implementation of the Rock Springs Field Office, Wyoming, Resource Management Plan

                       

    Budget Authority

    0

    -4

    *

    *

    -21

    -24

    -26

    -29

    -29

    -30

    -25

    -163

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    -4

    *

    *

    -21

    -24

    -26

    -29

    -29

    -30

    -25

    -163

    Sec. 80303, Prohibition on the Implementation of the Miles City Field Office, Montana, Resource Management Plan

                       

    Budget Authority

    0

    -3

    -3

    -3

    -3

    -4

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -12

    -16

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    -3

    -3

    -3

    -3

    -4

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -12

    -16

    Sec. 80304, Prohibition on the Implementation of the North Dakota Resource Management Plan

                       

    Budget Authority

    0

    -4

    *

    *

    *

    *

    -1

    *

    *

    *

    -4

    -5

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    -4

    *

    *

    *

    *

    -1

    *

    *

    *

    -4

    -5

    Sec. 80305, Prohibition on the Implementation of the Colorado River Valley Field Office and Grand Junction Field Office Resource Management Plans

                       

    Budget Authority

    0

    -4

    *

    *

    -12

    -12

    -12

    -12

    -12

    -13

    -16

    -77

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    -4

    *

    *

    -12

    -12

    -12

    -12

    -12

    -13

    -16

    -77

                         

    (Continued)

    Table 2.

    Estimated Changes in Direct Spending and Revenues Under Reconciliation Recommendations Title VIII, Committee on Natural Resources, as Ordered Reported on May 6, 2025

    (Continued)

     

    By Fiscal Year, Millions of Dollars

       
     

    2025

    2026

    2027

    2028

    2029

    2030

    2031

    2032

    2033

    2034

    2025-2029

    2025-2034

     

    Increases or Decreases (-) in Direct Spending

       

    Sec. 80306, Rescission of Forest Service Funds

                         

    Budget Authority

    -8

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -8

    -8

    Estimated Outlays

    -3

    -2

    -1

    -1

    -1

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -8

    -8

    Sec. 80307, Rescission of National Park Service and Bureau of Land Management Funds

                       

    Budget Authority

    -7

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -7

    -7

    Estimated Outlays

    -2

    -1

    -1

    -1

    -1

    -1

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -6

    -7

    Sec. 80308, Rescission of Bureau of Land Management and National Park Service Funds

                       

    Budget Authority

    -5

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -5

    -5

    Estimated Outlays

    -2

    -1

    -1

    -1

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -5

    -5

    Sec. 80309, Rescission of National Park Service Funds

                           

    Budget Authority

    -317

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -317

    -317

    Estimated Outlays

    -75

    -63

    -44

    -36

    -26

    -20

    -3

    0

    0

    0

    -244

    -267

    Sec. 80310, Celebrating America’s 250th Anniversary

                           

    Budget Authority

    190

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    190

    190

    Estimated Outlays

    15

    128

    25

    12

    10

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    190

    190

    Sec. 80311, Long-Term Contracts for the Forest Servicef

                         

    Budget Authority

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -19

    -21

    -22

    -24

    -25

    0

    -111

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -19

    -21

    -22

    -24

    -25

    0

    -111

    Sec. 80312, Long-Term Contracts for the Bureau of Land Managementg

                         

    Budget Authority

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -8

    -8

    -10

    -10

    -10

    0

    -46

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -8

    -8

    -10

    -10

    -10

    0

    -46

    Sec. 80315, Bureau of Land Management Land in Nevada

                         

    Budget Authority

    0

    -91

    -91

    -91

    -91

    -91

    -91

    -91

    -91

    -91

    -364

    -819

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    -91

    -91

    -91

    -91

    -91

    -91

    -91

    -91

    -91

    -364

    -819

    Sec. 80316, Forest Service Land in Nevada

                           

    Budget Authority

    0

    -3

    -4

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -7

    -7

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    -3

    -4

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -7

    -7

    Sec. 80317, Federal Land in Utah

                         

    Budget Authority

    0

    -11

    -56

    -70

    -70

    -86

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -207

    -293

    Estimated Outlays

    0

    -11

    -56

    -70

    -70

    -86

    0

    0

    0

    0

    -207

    -293

                         

    (Continued)

    Table 2.

    Estimated Changes in Direct Spending and Revenues Under Reconciliation Recommendations Title VIII, Committee on Natural Resources, as Ordered Reported on May 6, 2025

    (Continued)

     

    By Fiscal Year, Millions of Dollars

       
     

    2025

    2026

    2027

    2028

    2029

    2030

    2031

    2032

    2033

    2034

    2025-2029

    2025-2034

     

    Increases or Decreases (-) in Direct Spending

       

    Total Changes

                           

    Budget Authority

    2,018

    -575

    -835

    -1,722

    -1,748

    -2,437

    -2,698

    -3,146

    -3,835

    -4,355

    -2,862

    -19,333

    Estimated Outlays

    -122

    -521

    -659

    -1,523

    -1,504

    -2,224

    -2,254

    -2,693

    -3,377

    -4,096

    -4,329

    -18,973

     

    Increases in Revenues

       

    Sec. 80151, Project Sponsor Opt-In Fees for Environmental Reviews

                         

    Estimated Revenues

    0

    65

    130

    130

    135

    140

    140

    145

    150

    150

    460

    1,185

    Total Changes

                           

    Estimated Revenues

    0

    65

    130

    130

    135

    140

    140

    145

    150

    150

    460

    1,185

     

    Net Decrease in the Deficit

    From Changes in Direct Spending and Revenues

       

    Effect on the Deficit

    -122

    -586

    -789

    -1,653

    -1,639

    -2,364

    -2,394

    -2,838

    -3,527

    -4,246

    -4,789

    -20,158

    a. Includes amounts for sections 80102, 80103, 80104, and 80105.

    b. Includes amounts for section 80112.

    c. Includes amounts for sections 80142, 80143, and 80302.

    d. Includes amounts for section 80172.

    e. Includes amounts for section 80182.

    f. Includes amounts for section 80313.

    g. Includes amounts for section 80314.

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Portugal: EIB provides €300 million loan to support the rehabilitation of state-funded schools

    Source: European Investment Bank

    • The €300 million loan will help to modernise state-funded primary and secondary schools across the country.
    • This investment covers projects to improve safety, accessibility and energy efficiency in school buildings.

    The European Investment Bank (EIB) has signed a €300 million financing agreement with Portugal to co-finance the School Restoration and Rehabilitation Programme, which aims to modernise hundreds of state-funded schools across the country. The agreement was signed by the Portuguese Treasury and Public Debt Management Agency (IGCP).

    This is one of the most significant operations for public investment in education in recent decades, and will contribute directly to the European priorities of social infrastructure, cohesion, climate action and sustainable development.

    Thanks to these funds, at least 499 schools will be able to apply for assistance to undertake works to upgrade and expand their buildings, or to construct new schools, with a view to providing safer, more modern, more inclusive and more energy-efficient learning environments.

    Modernising schools will help to significantly improve teaching and learning environments, while also helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by improving energy efficiency in school buildings.

    The project contributes to the EIB’s objectives with regards to climate action, environmental sustainability, and economic and social cohesion. This programme will also receive additional support through national and European funding instruments.

    Background information

    The European Investment Bank (ElB) is the long-term lending institution of the European Union, owned by its Member States. Built around eight core priorities, the EIB finances investments that contribute to EU policy objectives by bolstering climate action and the environment, digitalisation and technological innovation, security and defence, cohesion, agriculture and bioeconomy, social infrastructure, high-impact investments outside the European Union and the capital markets union.

    The EIB Group, which includes the European Investment Fund (EIF), signed almost €89 billion in new financing for over 900 high-impact projects in 2024, boosting Europe’s competitiveness and security.

    All projects financed by the EIB Group are in line with the Paris Climate Agreement, as pledged in our Climate Bank Roadmap. Almost 60% of the EIB Group’s annual financing supports projects directly contributing to climate change mitigation, adaptation, and a healthier environment.

    Fostering market integration and mobilising investment, the Group supported a record of over €100 billion in new investment for Europe’s energy security in 2024 and mobilised €110 billion in growth capital for startups, scale-ups and European pioneers. Around half of the EIB’s financing within the European Union is directed towards cohesion regions, where per capita income is lower than the EU average.

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    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Written question – Prioritisation of climate commitments – E-001899/2025

    Source: European Parliament

    Question for written answer  E-001899/2025
    to the Commission
    Rule 144
    César Luena (S&D)

    With regard to the European Union’s climate commitments, the reform of the European Climate Law should include a 90 % emission reduction target for 2040, in line with the goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050. What is more, the Commission will have to present the EU’s nationally determined contribution (NDC) under COP30 as part of global efforts to uphold the Paris Agreement.

    • 1.When does the Commission intend to submit its reform of the European Climate Law to include the goal of reducing emissions by 90 % by 2040 and the EU’s new NDC for COP30?
    • 2.How will the Commission’s recent proposal to review the priorities of the cohesion policy and the European Regional Development Fund, which limits the 30 % climate mainstreaming target, affect efforts to meet the 2040 climate goal?
    • 3.What guarantees can the Commission offer that the greater flexibility in the use of cohesion funds and the new prioritisation will not jeopardise the EU’s climate goals?

    Submitted: 13.5.2025

    Last updated: 19 May 2025

    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI USA: Saying Goodbye to Doug Beard, CASC Senior Administrator

    Source: US Geological Survey

    Doug has received numerous accolades for his leadership in the federal climate space, including the 2021 Climate Adaptation Leadership Award (Federal Government category) from the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, recognizing his “outstanding efforts to increase the resilience of America’s valuable living natural resources and help sustain the many people, communities, and businesses that depend on them.” He has also been awarded many USGS and DOI recognitions, most recently the Superior Service Award of the Department of the Interior for his leadership role in producing the USGS Climate Science Plan in 2023.  

    He has also become an important figure on the international stage, injecting USGS science into conversations on global stewardship and biodiversity. He has organized and led multi-national meetings, such as the 2024 World Fisheries Congress, chaired and co-chaired working groups with the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), and been a frequent panelist and attendee of the annual Conference of the Parties (COP) meeting of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 

    “Doug’s understated approach to navigating the complex landscape of science diplomacy is so incredibly effective,” says National CASC Research Fish Biologist Abby Lynch. “He has had an outsized influence on the development of major initiatives at national and international scales.” 

    There has never been a CASC network without Doug. As he moves on to his next phase, CASC staff reflect on how he has impacted their work and careers. 

    “Doug has been an inspiration among staff of all experience levels in our program, especially for his patience, political savvy, and charming mid-western demeanor,” says Shawn Carter, Chief Scientist of the National CASC. “His thoughtful and cool-headed leadership have garnered universal support for our program.” 

    “Doug has been an impactful mentor, role model, colleague, and friend. I am thankful for his guidance and support of my own career, and I hope that I can continue to apply what I’ve learned from him to support natural resources.” – Abby Lynch, Research Fish Biologist, National CASC 

    “Doug is an unassuming yet masterful strategist, building and positioning an innovative program that has made countless advancements in knowledge and application to challenging natural resource issues across the Nation,” says Molly Cross, Regional Administrator of the North Central CASC. 

    Fifteen years after that first unexpected meeting, Doug is still in a bit of disbelief how a “fish guy” like him become a foremost climate expert within the USGS and an international expert in global biodiversity issues. 

    “It’s been an honor to work for the American people,” he says. 

    Doug, we wish you all the best! 

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI Global: Overshooting 1.5°C: even temporary warming above globally agreed temperature limit could have permanent consequences

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Paul Dodds, Professor of Energy Systems, UCL

    Earth’s surface temperature has been 1.5°C hotter than the pre-industrial average for 21 of the last 22 months.

    The 2015 Paris agreement committed countries to keeping the global temperature increase “well below 2°C”, which is widely interpreted as an average of 1.5°C over a 30-year period. The Paris agreement has not yet failed, but recent high temperatures show how close the Earth is to crossing this critical threshold.

    Climate scientists have, using computer simulations, modelled pathways for halting climate change at internationally agreed limits. However, in recent years, many of the pathways that have been published involve exceeding 1.5°C for a few decades and removing enough greenhouse gas from the atmosphere to return Earth’s average temperature below the threshold again. Scientists call this “a temporary overshoot”.

    If human activities were to raise the global average temperature 1.6°C above the pre-industrial average, for example, then CO₂ removal, using methods ranging from habitat restoration to mechanically capturing CO₂ from the air, would be required to return warming to below 1.5°C by 2100.


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    Do we really understand the consequences of “temporarily” overshooting 1.5°C? And would it even be possible to lower temperatures again?

    Faith that a temporary overshoot will be safe and practicable has justified a deliberate strategy of delaying emission cuts in the short term, some scientists warn. The dangers posed by remaining above the 1.5°C limit for a period of time have received little attention by researchers like me, who study climate change.

    To learn more, the UK government commissioned me and a team of 36 other scientists to examine the possible impacts.

    How nature will be affected

    We examined a “delayed action” scenario, in which greenhouse gas emissions remain similar for the next 15 years due to continued fossil fuel burning but then fall rapidly over a period of 20 years.

    We projected that this would cause the rise in Earth’s temperature to peak at 1.9°C in 2060, before falling to 1.5°C in 2100 as greenhouse gases are removed from the atmosphere. We compared this scenario with a baseline scenario in which the global temperature does not exceed 1.5°C of warming this century.

    Our Earth system model suggested that Arctic temperatures would be up to 4°C higher in 2060 compared to the baseline scenario. Arctic Sea ice loss would be much higher. Even after the global average temperature was returned to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, in 2100, the Arctic would remain around 1.5°C warmer compared to the baseline scenario. This suggests there are long-term and potentially irreversible consequences for the climate in overshooting 1.5°C.

    Temperature increases caused by overshooting 1.5°C are primarily felt in the Arctic and on land.
    Selena Zhang, Maria Russo, Luke Abraham and Alex Archibald.

    As global warming approaches 2°C, warm-water corals, Arctic permafrost, Barents Sea ice and mountain glaciers could reach tipping points at which substantial and irreversible changes occur. Some scientists have concluded that the west Antarctic ice sheet may have already started melting irreversibly.

    Our modelling showed that the risk of catastrophic wildfires is substantially higher during a temporary overshoot that culminates in 1.9°C of warming, particularly in regions already vulnerable to wildfires. Fires in California in early 2025 are an example of what is possible when the global temperature is higher.

    Our analysis showed that the risk of species going extinct at 2°C of warming is double that at 1.5°C. Insects are most at risk because they are less able to move between regions in response to the changing climate than larger mammals and birds.

    The impacts on society

    Only armed conflict is considered by experts to have a greater impact on society than extreme weather. Forecasting how extreme weather will be affected by climate change is challenging. Scientists expect more intense storms, floods and droughts, but not necessarily in places that already regularly suffer these extremes.

    In some places, moderate floods may reduce in size while larger, more extreme events occur more often and cause more damage. We are confident that the sea level would rise faster in a temporary overshoot scenario, and further increase the risk of flooding. We also expect more extreme floods and droughts, and for them to cause more damage to water and sanitation systems.

    Floods and droughts will affect food production too. We found that impact studies have probably underestimated the crop damage that increases in extreme weather and water scarcity in key production areas during a temporary overshoot would cause.

    We know that heatwaves become more frequent and intense as temperatures increase. More scarce food and water would increase the health risks of heat exposure beyond 1.5°C. It is particularly difficult to estimate the overall impact of overshooting this temperature limit when several impacts reinforce each other in this way.

    In fact, most alarming of all is how uncertain much of our knowledge is.

    For example, we have little confidence in estimates of how climate change will affect the economy. Some academics use models to predict how crops and other economic assets will be affected by climate change; others infer what will happen by projecting real-word economic losses to date into future warming scenarios. For 3°C of warming, estimates of the annual impact on GDP using models range from -5% to +3% each year, but up to -55% using the latter approach.

    We have not managed to reconcile the differences between these methods. The highest estimates account for changes in extreme weather due to climate change, which are particularly difficult to determine.

    We carried out an economic analysis using estimates of climate damage from both models and observed climate-related losses. We found that temporarily overshooting 1.5°C would reduce global GDP compared with not overshooting it, even if economic damages were lower than we expect. The economic consequences for the global economy could be profound.

    So, what can we say for certain? First, that temporarily overshooting 1.5°C would be more costly to society and to the natural world than not overshooting it. Second, our projections are relatively conservative. It is likely that impacts would be worse, and possibly much worse, than we estimate.

    Fundamentally, every increment of global temperature rise will worsen impacts on us and the rest of the natural world. We should aim to minimise global warming as much as possible, rather than focus on a particular target.


    Don’t have time to read about climate change as much as you’d like?

    Get a weekly roundup in your inbox instead. Every Wednesday, The Conversation’s environment editor writes Imagine, a short email that goes a little deeper into just one climate issue. Join the 45,000+ readers who’ve subscribed so far.


    Paul Dodds has received funding from the UK government through the Climate Services for a Net Zero World (CS-N0W) programme. While the UK government set the research questions for the study, it was carried out independently by scientists from nine organisations. Dodds has also received funding for other research projects from a range of organisations, including UK Research and Innovation organisations (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and the Natural Environment Research Council); the IEA Energy Technology Systems Analysis Program (ETSAP); and private organisations (National Grid; Fuels Industry UK; Johnson Matthey; Cadent). A team at UCL led by Paul Dodds jointly develops the UK TIMES energy system model in a partnership with the UK government. This model was not used in this study.

    ref. Overshooting 1.5°C: even temporary warming above globally agreed temperature limit could have permanent consequences – https://theconversation.com/overshooting-1-5-c-even-temporary-warming-above-globally-agreed-temperature-limit-could-have-permanent-consequences-255523

    MIL OSI – Global Reports

  • MIL-OSI USA: SPC Tornado Watch 292 Status Reports

    Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

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    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI USA: Governor Stein Announces Second Hurricane Helene Budget Proposal

    Source: US State of North Carolina

    Headline: Governor Stein Announces Second Hurricane Helene Budget Proposal

    Governor Stein Announces Second Hurricane Helene Budget Proposal
    lsaito

    Raleigh, NC

    Today Governor Josh Stein visited Carolina Domes in Union Mills to propose additional funding for the Hurricane Helene recovery effort. Governor Stein recommends an additional $891 million to help western North Carolina rebuild.

    “Western North Carolina is coming back strong, but there is much more work to do,” said Governor Josh Stein. “I urge the General Assembly to pass a second round of funding so that the rebuilding and recovery efforts can continue as quickly and effectively as possible.”

    Governor Stein’s budget proposal includes: 

    • $260 million to spur economic recovery by supporting businesses and local governments and promoting western North Carolina’s tourism industry.
    • $239 million to strengthen critical infrastructure by repairing damaged schools, expanding debris clean-up, and investing in projects to safeguard against future disasters.
    • $113 million to advance housing recovery and provide assistance to families who have struggled with rent, mortgage, and utility bills.
    • $105 million to rehabilitate waterways and land used by farmers as well as fund wildfire prevention and response.
    • $23 million to address food insecurity in western North Carolina and the needs of affected community colleges.
    • $152 million for required state matching of federal disaster programs, investments in communication and disaster system improvements, and existing requirements that are not funded by state or federal dollars. 

    The Stein administration continues to be laser-focused on rebuilding western North Carolina. During Small Business Week, Governor Stein and North Carolina Secretary of Commerce Lee Lilley highlighted small businesses in Marshall that were impacted by Helene. He also announced that the Dogwood Health Trust, the Duke Endowment, and the State of North Carolina have distributed $55 million to more than 2,000 businesses in western North Carolina.

    The State of North Carolina also launched an additional $55 million state infrastructure program allowing local governments to apply for up to $1 million to rebuild public infrastructure that small business rely on, such as sidewalks and sewers. The Governor also joined the commencement ceremonies of Appalachian State University, Western Carolina University, and Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College to honor the graduates’ resiliency in the wake of Hurricane Helene. 

    Read Governor Stein’s full Helene recovery budget proposal here. (Please note figures above are rounded to the nearest whole number.)  

    May 19, 2025

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI Global: Governors are leading the fight against climate change and deforestation around the world, filling a void left by presidents

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Mary Nichols, Distinguished Counsel for the Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, University of California, Los Angeles

    Forests like the Amazon play vital roles in balancing the environment, from storing carbon to releasing oxygen. Silvestre Garcia-IntuitivoFilms/Stone/Getty Images

    When the annual U.N. climate conference descends on the small Brazilian rainforest city of Belém in November 2025, it will be tempting to focus on the drama and disunity among major nations. Only 21 countries had even submitted their updated plans for managing climate change by the 2025 deadline required under the Paris Agreement. The U.S. is pulling out of the agreement altogether.

    Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Chinese President Xi Jinping and the likely absence of – or potential stonewalling by – a U.S. delegation will take up much of the oxygen in the negotiating hall.

    You can tune them out.

    Trust me, I’ve been there. As chair of the California Air Resources Board for nearly 20 years, I attended the annual conferences from Bali in 2007 to Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt, in 2023. That included the exhilarating success in 2015, when nearly 200 nations committed to keep global warming in check by signing the Paris Agreement.

    In recent years, however, the real progress has been outside the rooms where the official U.N. negotiations are held, not inside. In these meetings, the leaders of states and provinces talk about what they are doing to reduce greenhouse gases and prepare for worsening climate disasters. Many bilateral and multilateral agreements have sprung up like mushrooms from these side conversations.

    This week, for example, the leaders of several state-level governments are meeting in Brazil to discuss ways to protect tropical rainforests that restore ecosystems while creating jobs and boosting local economies.

    What states and provinces are doing now

    The real action in 2025 will come from the leaders of states and provinces, places like Pastaza, Ecuador; Acre and Pará, Brazil; and East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

    While some national political leaders are backing off their climate commitments, these subnational governments know they have to live with increasing fires, floods and deadly heat waves. So, they’re stepping up and sharing advice for what works.

    State, province and local governments often have jurisdiction over energy generation, land-use planning, housing policies and waste management, all of which play a role in increasing or reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

    Their leaders have been finding ways to use that authority to reduce deforestation, increase the use of renewable energy and cap and cut greenhouse gas emissions that are pushing the planet toward dangerous tipping points. They have teamed up to link carbon markets and share knowledge in many areas.

    In the U.S., governors are working together in the U.S. Climate Alliance to fill the vacuum left by the Trump administration’s efforts to dismantle U.S. climate policies and programs. Despite intense pressure from fossil fuel industry lobbyists, the governors of 22 states and two territories are creating policies that take steps to reduce emissions from buildings, power generation and transportation. Together, they represent more than half the U.S. population and nearly 60% of its economy.

    Tactics for fighting deforestation

    In Ecuador, provinces like Morona Santiago, Pastaza, and Zamora Chinchipe are designing management and financing partnerships with Indigenous territories for protecting more than 4 million hectares of forests through a unique collaboration called the Plataforma Amazonica.

    Brazilian states, including Mato Grosso, have been using remote-sensing technologies to crack down on illegal land clearing, while states like Amapá and Amazonas are developing community-engaged bioeconomy plans – think increased jobs through sustainable local fisheries and producing super fruits like acaí. Acre, Pará and Tocantins have programs that allow communities to sell carbon credits for forest preservation to companies.

    Global Forest Watch uses satellite data to track forest cover change. Green shows areas with at least 30% forest cover in 2000. Pink is forest loss from 2003-2023. Blue is forest gain from 2000 to 2020.
    Global Forest Watch, CC BY

    States in Mexico, including Jalisco, Yucatán and Oaxaca, have developed sustainable supply chain certification programs to help reduce deforestation. Programs like these can increase the economic value in some of foods and beverages, from avocados to honey to agave for tequila.

    There are real signs of success: Deforestation has dropped significantly in Indonesia compared with previous decades, thanks in large part to provincially led sustainable forest management efforts. In East Kalimantan, officials have been pursuing policy reforms and working with plantation and forestry companies to reduce forests destruction to protect habitat for orangutans.

    It’s no wonder that philanthropic and business leaders from many sectors are turning to state and provincial policymakers, rather than national governments. These subnational governments have the ability to take timely and effective action.

    Working together to find solutions

    Backing many of these efforts to slow deforestation is the Governors’ Climate and Forests Task Force, which California’s then-Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger helped launch in 2008. It is the world’s only subnational governmental network dedicated to protecting forests, reducing emissions and making people’s lives better across the tropics.

    Today, the task force includes 43 states and provinces from 11 countries. They cover more than one-third of the world’s tropical forests. That includes all of Brazil’s Legal Amazon region, more than 85% of the Peruvian Amazon, 65% of Mexico’s tropical forests and over 60% of Indonesia’s forests.

    From a purely environmental perspective, subnational governments and governors must balance competing interests that do not always align with environmentalists’ ideals. Pará state, for example, is building an 8-mile (13 kilometer) road to ease traffic that cuts through rainforest. California’s investments in its Lithium Valley, where lithium used to make batteries is being extracted near the Salton Sea, may result in economic benefits within California and the U.S., while also generating potential environmental risks to air and water quality.

    Each governor has to balance the needs of farmers, ranchers and other industries with protecting the forests and other ecosystems, but those in the task force are finding pragmatic solutions.

    Pará State Gov. Helder Barbalho arrives for the Amazon Summit in August 2023. Eight South American countries agreed to launch an alliance to fight deforestation in the Amazon at the meeting.
    Evaristo SA / AFP via Getty Images

    The week of May 19-23, 2025, two dozen or more subnational leaders from Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Indonesia and elsewhere are gathering in Rio Branco, Brazil, for a conference on protecting tropical rainforests. They’ll also be ironing out some important details for developing what they call a “new forest economy” for protecting and restoring ecosystems while creating jobs and boosting economies.

    Protecting tropical forest habitat while also creating jobs and economic opportunities is not easy. In 2023, data show the planet was losing rainforest equivalent to 10 soccer fields a minute, and had lost more than 7% since 2000.

    But states and cities are taking big steps while many national governments can’t even agree on which direction to head. It’s time to pay attention more to the states.

    Mary Nichols is affiliated with the Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, which cosponsors the Governors’ Climate and Forests Task Force.

    ref. Governors are leading the fight against climate change and deforestation around the world, filling a void left by presidents – https://theconversation.com/governors-are-leading-the-fight-against-climate-change-and-deforestation-around-the-world-filling-a-void-left-by-presidents-256988

    MIL OSI – Global Reports

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: Powering the Future with Forests: A Roadmap to a Circular Bioeconomy

    Source: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

    Launch of the ECE/FAO Publication
    “Sustainable and Circular Bioeconomy in Forest-based Industries: How to Get There”

    📅 10 June 2025 | 🕒 15:00–16:00 CEST | 📍Online

    Background

    As the world shifts toward more sustainable, resource-efficient economic models, the forest sector stands out as a vital enabler of this transition. Forests provide a renewable source of raw materials that and forest-based industries can play a critical role in reducing dependence on fossil-based resources and promoting nature-based solutions across a wide range of industries—from construction and packaging to textiles and chemicals.

    The bioeconomy, when grounded in sustainable forest management and driven by circularity, offers an opportunity to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation while supporting rural development, innovation, and green job creation supporting societies to meet climate goals and shift toward more sustainable and resource-efficient economic models.

    ***

    Recognizing this opportunity, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) have jointly worked on a publication: “Sustainable and Circular Bioeconomy in Forest-based Industries: How to Get There.” The publication explores pathways and actionable recommendations for advancing a sustainable, circular bioeconomy in the forest-based industries, while highlighting good practices, enabling conditions, and innovation trends across the forest-based value chains.

    Objective

    The event will serve to provide a platform for discussion among stakeholders on strategies for advancing circularity and sustainability in forest sectors. It will present key insights from the publication and showcase UNECE and FAO’s ongoing work on bioeconomy and forest-based industries.

    Target Audience

    The event is open to all stakeholders interested in forestry, sustainability, circular economy, and bioeconomy— including policymakers, industry representatives, researchers, NGOs, and international organizations.

     

     

    Tentative Programme (75 min total)

    Moderator:
    Dominique Burgeon, Director, Liaison Officer, FAO Liaison Office in Geneva

    Opening Remarks

    • Paola Deda, Director, Forests, Land and Housing Division, UNECE (5 minutes)
    • Zhimin Wu, Director, Forestry Division, FAO (5 minutes)

    UNECE and FAO Work on Bioeconomy

    • Florian Steierer, Economic Affairs Officer, Forests and Bioeconomy Section, UNECE (10 minutes)
    • Sven Walter, Chief, Forest Products and Bioeconomy Section, Forestry Division, FAO (10 minutes)
    • Lev Neretin, Senior Natural Resources Officer, Office for Climate Change, Biodiversity and Environment, FAO (10 minutes)

    Presentation of the Publication

    • Kathryn Fernholz, Dovetail Partners Lead author of the UNECE/FAO publication: “Sustainable and Circular Bioeconomy in Forest-based Industries: How to Get There.” (15 minutes)

    Q&A Session (15 minutes)

    Closing Remarks

    • Raschad Al-Khafaji, Director, FAO Liaison Office with the European Union and Belgium (5 minutes)

     

     

     

    MIL OSI United Nations News

  • MIL-OSI USA: The Changing Economics of Forestry in a Hotter, Wetter South

    Source: US Geological Survey

    Fire in the western U.S. poses one of the greatest threats to human and ecological communities alike. In fact, fire management is the largest single expenditure of land management funds on federal lands. Now, climate change is altering wildfire patterns. Climate change in the West is creating warmer and drier conditions, resulting in an increase in the amount of dead vegetation available to fuel f

    Learn More

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Westminster Council recognises Prince Charles Cinema as an Asset of Community Value | Westminster City Council

    Source: City of Westminster

    Westminster City Council has recognised the importance of the Prince Charles Cinema to the local area by making it an asset of community value.   

    The Prince Charles Cinema is one of the last independent cinemas operating in the West End and has been a staple in the area since opening in 1962.   

     A letter announcing the news from the council states how the cinema supports local filmmakers by providing platform for independent works and hosting film festivals.  

     It has also been a hosting venue for the BFI London Film Festival since 2016, and also participated in festivals from China, Czechia, the Philippines, Poland, Romania and Ukraine. including a partnership with the National Film & Television School.  

     The cinema is known for its eclectic programming, which includes cult classics, independent films, and international cinema and attracts over 250,000 visitors annually. In January 2025 alone, 155 films featured in its programme, a figure that far outstrips the choice offered by any other cinema in the country.  

     Cllr Geoff Barraclough, Westminster City Council Cabinet Member for Planning and Economic Development, said:       

    “The Prince Charles isn’t just a cinema—it’s a cultural landmark and a meeting place for film lovers of all kinds. Designating the Prince Charles as an asset of community value helps protect that spirit and keeps the reels turning for the next generation. We’re proud to back a venue that brings so much life, character, and cinematic adventure to the West End.” 

    Cllr Ryan Jude, Westminster City Council Cabinet Member for Climate, Ecology and Culture, said:  

     “This iconic cinema has long been a treasured part of our cultural landscape, championing independent voices, global stories, and community spirt. With its unique programming and support for local filmmakers, it plays a crucial role in nurturing creativity, diversity, and culture in the heart of Westminster.” 

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI USA: U.S. hydropower generation expected to rise by 7% in 2025 following last year’s record low

    Source: US Energy Information Administration

    In-brief analysis

    May 19, 2025


    We expect U.S. hydropower generation will increase by 7.5% in 2025 but will remain 2.4% below the 10-year average in our May Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO). Hydropower generation in 2024 fell to 241 billion kilowatthours (BkWh), the lowest since at least 2010; in 2025, we expect generation will be 259.1 BkWh. This amount of generation would represent 6% of the electricity generation in the country.

    About half of the hydropower generating capacity in the country is in the western states of Washington, Oregon, and California, so we closely monitor precipitation patterns in this region to inform our hydropower outlook.

    Precipitation conditions have been mixed across the western United States since October. According to the WestWide Drought Tracker, more precipitation than normal has fallen in northern California, Oregon, and the eastern half of Washington state. Some areas in southeastern Oregon received record precipitation between October 2024 and April 2025. In contrast, precipitation was below normal in parts of Washington, Montana, Idaho, and Southern California.

    Accumulation from winter precipitation tends to peak by April 1. The snowpack accumulation at higher elevations serves as a natural reservoir that melts gradually as temperatures rise in the late spring and early summer, leading to increased waterflow through dams.

    Northwest and Rockies
    We expect hydropower generation in the Northwest and Rockies region to be 125.1 BkWh, which is a 17% increase compared with 2024 and 4% less than the 10-year average. Our hydropower forecast is informed by the water supply outlook from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Northwest River Forecast Center (NWRFC).

    On May 1, NWRFC released its latest April–September water supply forecast for the Pacific Northwest, part of the larger Northwest and Rockies region as modeled in the STEO. The NWRFC forecasts the region will have a below-normal water supply compared with the past 30 years in the northern portion of the basin, which includes the Upper Columbia River Basin, and above- to near-normal water supply in the southern portion, which includes the Snake River Basin. Water supply conditions at The Dalles Dam, located near the mouth of the Columbia River on the border between Washington and Oregon, reflect those of the upstream Columbia River system. The forecast at The Dalles Dam as of May 1 was 85% of normal for the same period.


    California
    We forecast hydropower generation in California to be 28.5 BkWh in our May STEO, which is 6% less than last year’s generation. This total would be 15% more than the 10-year average.

    As of April 1, reservoir levels in most major reservoirs in California were above the historical average for this time of year. The two largest reservoirs in the state, Shasta and Oroville, were at 113% and 121% of the historical average, respectively. According to the California Department of Water Resources, snowpack conditions as of April 1 were at 118% of normal for the Northern Sierra Nevada, 92% for Central Sierra, and 83% in Southern Sierra Nevada regions. Warmer-than-normal temperatures in April led to some early snowmelt across the state. As of the beginning of May, snowpack conditions were at 81% of normal for the Northern Sierra Nevada, 73% for Central Sierra, and 53% for the Southern Sierra portion.


    Principal contributor: Lindsay Aramayo

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI Global: How aid cuts could make vulnerable communities even less resilient to climate change

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Kalle Hirvonen, Senior Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Insitute; Research Fellow, UNU-WIDER, United Nations University

    An irrigation project in Mozambique. Marcos Villalta / Save the Children, CC BY-NC-ND

    As global temperatures rise and climate-related disasters become more frequent, the need to adapt is rapidly increasing. That need for adaptation – from adjusting farming practices to diversifying livelihoods and strengthening infrastructure – is most acute in vulnerable low- and middle-income countries such as Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Haiti and Vietnam.

    Despite contributing a negligible share of historical global greenhouse gas emissions, these countries are facing the brunt of climate change. Yet as the demand for long-term resilience grows, international aid priorities are shifting in the opposite direction.

    Over the past three years, several major rich countries have substantially cut their development aid budgets. Remaining funds have been redirected towards emergency relief.

    This shift could undermine the climate finance commitments made by wealthy countries to mobilise US$300 billion (£228 billion) a year for climate action in the most vulnerable low- and middle-income countries by 2035.


    Get your news from actual experts, straight to your inbox. Sign up to our daily newsletter to receive all The Conversation UK’s latest coverage of news and research, from politics and business to the arts and sciences.


    Emergency aid, while vital for saving lives during crises such as droughts and floods, is reactive by nature. It arrives only after disaster has struck, often with a substantial delay.

    By contrast, climate adaptation is proactive. It focuses on anticipating future risks and helping communities prepare for changing environments.

    A key part of this is supporting transitions away from sectors like crop agriculture that are particularly vulnerable to climate-related shocks. In some cases, adapting to a changing climate may also require helping families move safely — turning relocation into a choice rather than a last resort.

    In Ethiopia, one of the world’s most drought-prone countries, a US government-funded food security programme aimed to strengthen resilience by offering livelihood training, organising savings groups and providing a US$200 lump sum to poor rural households. Research shows that this programme improved food security and protected assets during periods of drought.

    Livestock farming in the Somali region of Ethiopia which was severely affected by droughts in 2011.
    Malini Morzaria/EUECHO, CC BY-NC-ND

    In Nicaragua, families who received cash transfers alongside vocational training or investment grants were better protected against drought shocks than those relying on cash alone. These households could supplement farming with other income sources. This made them less vulnerable to drought-related losses and helped stabilise their earnings throughout the year.

    These schemes are known as “cash-plus programmes”. They help create the conditions for households to adapt and thrive. But when climate and environmental shocks overwhelm the resilience of local communities, relocation may still become the only viable option.

    That’s why proactive adaptation efforts need to be scaled up and broadened — not only to meet immediate needs but to support longer-term transitions. This includes investing in sustainable livelihoods through diversified income sources, skills training and, when necessary, enabling safe and voluntary relocation.

    Some pilot interventions that supported seasonal rural-to-urban migration have shown what’s possible. In Bangladesh, a small migration subsidy of just US$8.50 helped the participating poor farm households affected by seasonal famine cover travel costs.

    Migration for temporary work increased by 22%, and families back home experienced improvements in food security. With even modest support, people were able to access job opportunities in cities and strengthen their resilience.

    Programmes that make it easier for people to choose to move from rural areas to cities could help families move with dignity rather than in desperation. However, scaling up such initiatives successfully remains a challenge, requiring strong political commitment and effective governance.

    Climate relocation

    Without proactive planning and support, migration often happens out of necessity rather than choice. This kind of displacement typically occurs within national borders rather than across continents — contrary to popular narratives.

    In fact, 59% of the world’s forcibly displaced population live within their own country. By the end of 2023, a record 75.9 million people across 116 countries were internally displaced — a 51% increase over the previous five years, driven in part by climate change.

    A family leave their home in Oklahoma, US, as a result of the 1930s dust bowl disaster.
    Dorothea Lange/Library of Congress, Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information.

    History provides sobering lessons about relocation triggered by environmental collapse. In the 1930s, a severe drought and dust storms struck the Great Plains in the US, creating the “dust bowl”. This devastated farmland and forced millions of people to leave their homes, as economic hardship became widespread and the land so degraded that crops wouldn’t grow.

    Today, similar patterns loom as droughts, floods and rising seas threaten livelihoods around the world. Small island states such as Tuvalu face existential threats from rising sea levels, with entire communities at risk of being displaced.

    These mounting threats underscore a hard truth: the window for effective climate adaptation is rapidly closing. As climate disruptions intensify, the case for long-term investment in resilience has never been clearer. Without proactive adaptation, the cycle of crisis and response will only deepen.

    Societies can adapt, but doing so takes foresight, investment and courage. In the face of escalating climate risks, bold, forward-looking policies are not a luxury — they are a necessity. By supporting longer-term strategies, rich-country governments and aid charities can enable vulnerable communities to withstand, adapt and, when necessary, move with dignity.


    Don’t have time to read about climate change as much as you’d like?

    Get a weekly roundup in your inbox instead. Every Wednesday, The Conversation’s environment editor writes Imagine, a short email that goes a little deeper into just one climate issue. Join the 45,000+ readers who’ve subscribed so far.


    Kalle Hirvonen’s recent and ongoing research has been funded by the CGIAR Trust Fund (https://www.cgiar.org/funders/), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.

    Olli-Pekka Kuusela does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. How aid cuts could make vulnerable communities even less resilient to climate change – https://theconversation.com/how-aid-cuts-could-make-vulnerable-communities-even-less-resilient-to-climate-change-255358

    MIL OSI – Global Reports

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Study trip to Finland for representatives of the Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Climate Change of Uzbekistan

    Source: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe – OSCE

    Headline: Study trip to Finland for representatives of the Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Climate Change of Uzbekistan

    Study trip to Finland for representatives of the Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Climate Change of Uzbekistan | OSCE
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    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: PM secures new agreement with EU to benefit British people

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    News story

    PM secures new agreement with EU to benefit British people

    UK secures new agreement with the European Union to support British businesses, back British jobs, and put more money in people’s pockets.

    • UK secures new agreement with the European Union to support British businesses, back British jobs, and put more money in people’s pockets.
    • Package will help make food cheaper, slash red tape, open up access to the EU market and add nearly £9 billion to the UK economy by 2040.
    • Prime Minister hails agreement as ‘good for jobs, good for bills, and good for our borders’.

    The Prime Minister has today confirmed a new agreement with the European Union which will deliver on his core mission to grow the economy, back British jobs and put more money in people’s pockets.

    Extensive negotiations over the last six months have led to the third major deal struck by the government in as many weeks, following the US and India – which the Prime Minister says will be “good for jobs, good for bills and good for our borders”.

    As part of the deal, a new SPS agreement will make it easier for food and drink to be imported and exported by reducing the red tape that placed burdens on businesses and led to lengthy lorry queues at the border. This agreement will have no time limit, giving vital certainty to businesses.

    Some routine checks on animal and plant products will be removed completely, allowing goods to flow freely again, including between Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Ultimately this could lower food prices and increase choice on supermarket shelves – meaning more money in people’s pockets. 

    The EU is the UK’s largest trading partner. After the 21% drop in exports and 7% drop in imports seen since Brexit, the UK will also be able to sell various products, such as burgers and sausages, back into the EU again, supporting these vital British industries.

    Closer co-operation on emissions through linking our respective Emissions Trading Systems will improve the UK’s energy security and avoid businesses being hit by the EU’s carbon tax due to come in next year – which would have sent £800 million directly to the EU’s budget.

    Combined, the SPS and Emissions Trading Systems linking measures alone are set to add nearly £9 billion to the UK economy by 2040, in a huge boost for growth.

    British steel exports are protected from new EU rules and restrictive tariffs, through a bespoke arrangement for the UK that will save UK steel £25 million per year.  

    The UK will enter talks about access to EU facial images data for the first time, on top of the existing arrangements for DNA, fingerprint and vehicle registration data. This will enhance our ability to catch dangerous criminals and ensure they face justice more quickly. 

    British holidaymakers will be able to use more eGates in Europe, ending the dreaded queues at border control. Pets will also be able to travel more easily, with the introduction of ‘pet passports’ for UK cats and dogs – eliminating the need for animal health certificates for every trip.

    Prime Minister Keir Starmer will say:

    It’s time to look forward. To move on from the stale old debates and political fights to find common sense, practical solutions which get the best for the British people.

    We’re ready to work with partners if it means we can improve people’s lives here at home.

    So that’s what this deal is all about – facing out into the world once again, in the great tradition of this nation. Building the relationships we choose, with the partners we choose, and closing deals in the national interest. Because that is what independent, sovereign nations do.

    Today will also see the agreement of the new Security and Defence Partnership, which will pave the way for the UK defence industry to participate in the EU’s proposed new £150 billion Security Action for Europe (SAFE) defence fund – supporting thousands of British jobs and boosting growth.

    At a time of increasing global uncertainty and volatility, this will formalise UK-EU co-operation on defence to ensure Europe’s safety and security.

    Minister for European Union Relations and lead Government negotiator, Nick Thomas-Symonds said:

    Today is a historic day, marking the opening of a new chapter in our relationship with the EU that delivers for working people across the UK.

    Since the start of these negotiations, we have worked for a deal to make the British people safer, more secure and more prosperous. Our new UK-EU Strategic Partnership achieves all three objectives. It delivers on jobs, bills and borders. Today is a day of delivery. Britain is back on the world stage with a Government in the service of working people.

    The UK and the EU have also agreed to co-operate further on a youth experience scheme – which could see young people able to work and travel freely in Europe again. The scheme, which would be capped and time-limited, would mirror existing schemes the UK has with countries such as Australia and New Zealand.

    The Prime Minister is clear that bringing down migration remains an absolute priority for him, which is why today’s agreement also majors on further work on finding solutions to tackle illegal migration – including on returns and a joint commitment to tackle channel crossings.

    The UK and EU have also reached a new twelve year agreement that protects Britain’s fishing access, fishing rights and fishing areas with no increase in the amount of fish EU vessels can catch in British waters, providing stability and certainty for the sector. The UK will also back coastal communities by investing £360 million into our fishing industry to go towards new technology and equipment to modernise the fleet, training to help upskill the workforce, and funding to help revitalise coastal communities, support tourism and boost seafood exports. The British fleet will also benefit from the SPS agreement which slashes costs and red tape to help exports.

    This agreement meets the red lines set out in the government’s manifesto – no return to the single market, no return to the customs union, and no return to freedom of movement.

    The UK will continue to hold talks with the European Union on the details of each commitment.

    Updates to this page

    Published 19 May 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI Europe: Ethiopia Unveils Strategic Initiative to Green Its Financial System and Drive Sustainable Investment

    Source: European Investment Bank

    EIB

    • EIB Greening Financial Systems Programme to work with the National Bank of Ethiopia and Commercial banks to enhance technical understanding of climate risks, enhance climate finance and develop Ethiopian green taxonomy 
    • Ethiopia latest country to join pioneering climate resilience initiative backed by Germany

    The Greening Financial Systems Programme was officially launched in Ethiopia today by Ethiopian and international partners at the Ethiopia Finance Forum.

    This transformative initiative aims to strengthen the resilience of Ethiopia’s financial sector to climate change by embedding climate risk into regulatory frameworks, advancing climate-related disclosures, and supporting the financing of sustainable projects across the country.

    The National Bank of Ethiopia: Driving the green finance agenda

    At the heart of this initiative is the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE), which is spearheading efforts to integrate climate considerations into the core of the financial sector. Recognizing the growing risks climate change poses to financial stability, the NBE is undertaking a strategic reform to align Ethiopia’s financial system with national climate objectives and international sustainability standards.

    Demonstrating its strong institutional commitment, the NBE has established a high-level internal oversight and coordination team to guide the implementation, monitor progress, and ensure effective follow-up of the GFS Programme. This team brings together senior experts from across the Bank to oversee integration of climate risk considerations into supervisory frameworks and to coordinate with stakeholders on the development of green finance tools.

    The GFS Programme will support the NBE in:

    • Integrating climate-related financial risks into its supervisory and regulatory frameworks.
    • Enhancing climate risk management capabilities across the financial sector.
    • Developing a climate risk disclosure and reporting framework aligned with international best practices.
    • Strengthening institutional capacity through tailored training programs and technical support.
    • Coordinating the development of a National Green Taxonomy that will guide financial institutions and investors on what constitutes environmentally sustainable economic activities.

    “The financial sector has a critical role to play in mobilising the significant finance required for Ethiopia’s transition to a climate-resilient, green economy. The Greening Financial Systems initiative will enhance our capacity to guide the sector in adapting to a changing climate and unlocking green investment opportunities,” said H.E. Mamo E. Mihretu, Governor of the National Bank of Ethiopia.

    The technical assistance agreements were signed during the forum by Mr. Solomon Desta, Vice Governor for Financial Institutions at the National Bank of Ethiopia, and Ms. Leyla Traoré, Head of the EIB Representation to Ethiopia and the African Union. The event was attended by the German Ambassador to Ethiopia and the African Union, the EU Ambassador to Ethiopia, and representatives from the Ministry of Finance of Ethiopia.

    The EIB is delighted to welcome Ethiopia to the Greening Financial Systems Programme. By supporting the National Bank of Ethiopia, we are building an enabling environment that will unlock vital climate action and green investments, contributing to Ethiopia’s ambitious climate goals,” said Ambroise Fayolle, Vice President of the European Investment Bank.

    Funded by Germany through the International Climate Initiative (IKI), and implemented by the EIB, the GFS Programme in Ethiopia forms part of a broader international initiative that also includes Albania, Armenia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, North Macedonia, and Rwanda.

    Strengthening financial institutions for climate resilience

    Beyond regulatory enhancements, the programme also supports Ethiopian commercial banks and financial institutions to build green finance capabilities. This includes:

    • Developing green lending portfolios.
    • Improving internal climate risk assessments.
    • Introducing climate-sensitive credit evaluation frameworks.
    • Facilitating access to green finance instruments and capacity-building workshops.

    By complementing the regulatory improvements led by the NBE, this support aims to mobilize private finance for environmentally sustainable investments, helping banks identify viable green projects and reduce exposure to climate-related risks.

    Laying the foundation for a national green taxonomy

    A key priority under the NBE’s leadership is the development of Ethiopia’s first National Green Taxonomy, a classification system that will define which economic activities and investments are considered sustainable and climate aligned. The taxonomy will:

    • Provide clarity and consistency in green investment classification.
    • Serve as a reference for financial institutions, regulators, and investors.
    • Support the alignment of domestic practices with international ESG and sustainability standards.

    This process will be accompanied by consultations with stakeholders and the preparation of reporting guidelines for the taxonomy’s application across the financial sector.

    Ethiopia is among the countries most vulnerable to climate change, with growing risks from extreme weather, drought, and food insecurity. These risks pose serious threats to the economy and the stability of the financial system.

    The National Bank of Ethiopia’s proactive leadership and institutional commitment—in collaboration with the EIB and international partners—underscores a bold national effort to build climate resilience. Through the GFS Programme, Ethiopia is positioning its financial system to not only manage risks but also seize green investment opportunities that contribute to long-term, sustainable economic growth.

    “Germany is proud to support Ethiopia’s efforts to green its financial system through the International Climate Initiative. The IKI Fund is one of the key instruments of the German Federal Government for international climate action to support strategies for countries that seek to achieve the green transformation. Strengthening financial resilience and unlocking green investment is crucial for Ethiopia’s sustainable future.” said H.E. Jens Hanefeld, German Ambassador to Ethiopia.

    This programme underscores the close partnership between the European Union and Ethiopia in addressing the urgent challenge of climate change. By strengthening the financial sector’s capacity to manage climate risks and finance green projects, we are jointly advancing sustainable development and building resilience,” added H.E. Mrs. Sofie From-Emmesberger, EU Ambassador to Ethiopia.

    Background information

    About EIB Global

    The European Investment Bank (ElB) is the long-term lending institution of the European Union, owned by its Member States. It finances investments that contribute to EU policy objectives.

    EIB Global is the EIB Group’s specialised arm devoted to increasing the impact of international partnerships and development finance, and a key partner of Global Gateway. We aim to support €100 billion of investment by the end of 2027 — around one-third of the overall target of this EU initiative. Within Team Europe, EIB Global fosters strong, focused partnerships alongside fellow development finance institutions and civil society. EIB Global brings the EIB Group closer to people, companies and institutions through our offices across the world. High-quality, up-to-date photos of our headquarters for media use are available here.

    http://twitter.com/EIB

    https://www.linkedin.com/company/eib-global/

    More information about the Greening Financial Systems (GFS) technical assistance programme is here.

    MIL OSI Europe News

  • MIL-OSI Global: Climate scientists are trusted globally, just not as much as other scientists – here’s why

    Source: The Conversation – Global Perspectives – By Omid Ghasemi, Research Associate in Behavioural Science at the Institute for Climate Risk & Response, UNSW Sydney

    I. Noyan Yilmaz, Shutterstock

    Societies increasingly rely on scientists to guide decisions in times of uncertainty, from pandemic outbreaks to the rise of artificial intelligence.

    Addressing climate change is no different. For governments wanting to introduce ambitious climate policies, public trust in climate scientists is pivotal, because it can determine whether voters support or resist those efforts.

    So do people trust climate scientists, and what affects levels of trust? Our new study shows climate scientists are less trusted than other types of scientists globally. But there are profound variations in this trust gap between countries, and within them.

    Finding ways to increase trust in climate scientists is crucial if the world is to implement effective policies to avert dangerous global warming.

    Low trust in climate scientists may hinder effective climate science communication and reduce public engagement with climate solutions.
    Mozgova, Shutterstock.

    Examining trust in science

    We collaborated with an international team of researchers to analyse data from one of the largest cross-national surveys of public attitudes toward science. The dataset includes responses from nearly 70,000 people across 68 countries. It offers a rare global snapshot of how people perceive scientists in general, and climate scientists in particular.

    Each of these people rated their trust in climate scientists on a five-point scale, with a five indicating very high trust and a one being not trusted at all.

    Trust in scientists more generally was assessed using a 12-item questionnaire that measured perceptions of expertise, integrity, benevolence and openness. The responses were averaged to create a composite trust score. Higher scores reflected higher levels of trust.

    We found trust in scientists was moderately strong worldwide, as it was above the midpoint of the scale (averaging 3.6 out of 5). But trust in climate scientists was slightly lower (averaging 3.5). The difference between the two scores is what we call the “trust gap”.

    In 43 of the 68 countries, the trust gap was statistically significant, with people reporting lower trust in climate scientists than in scientists in general.

    The size of the trust gap varied between countries. In Europe, Oceania (including Australia and New Zealand) and North America the gap tended to be smaller. Larger gaps emerged in parts of Latin America and Africa.

    The Democratic Republic of the Congo had the widest gap, with climate scientists trusted less than in any other country. This may reflect local concerns that global climate agendas — often supported by international scientists — prioritise resource extraction for foreign renewable energy demands over local interests. Such feelings may be particularly acute in regions where mining has brought limited community benefit.

    Six countries bucked the trend. Climate scientists were more trusted than scientists overall in China, Taiwan, South Korea, Egypt, Israel and Germany.

    In China and Germany, this may reflect strong investment in green energy, high levels of public support for climate action, and the visible role climate scientists play in shaping policy.

    What’s going on here?

    Not surprisingly, people with more positive views of science tended to express higher trust in scientists and even more so, climate scientists. But people with dim views of scientists were less trusting of climate scientists.

    Age also played a role. Older people tended to trust scientists more than younger people. But younger people were more likely to trust climate scientists.

    Climate scientists were generally less trusted than scientists regardless of gender. While men reported slightly lower trust in scientists than women did, the difference was not statistically significant.

    Among all the variables we examined, political orientation emerged as one of the strongest factors associated with trust in climate scientists. People with right-leaning or conservative views reported lower trust in climate scientists compared with those with more left-leaning or liberal views.

    However, the meaning of terms such as “liberal” and “conservative” can vary considerably between countries. For example, in Australia, the Liberal Party is politically right-leaning. But in the United States, “liberal” typically refers to left-leaning or progressive views. This variation makes cross-national comparisons complex and requires careful interpretation of results.

    As a particular person’s political orientation shifted further to the right, the trust gap between climate scientists and scientists widened.

    In 28 countries across the Americas, Europe and Oceania, right-leaning orientation was associated not only with lower trust in climate scientists than people who leaned to the left, but also with a larger gap between trust for scientists generally and trust for climate scientists.

    In a smaller subset of countries, particularly in parts of Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe, the pattern reversed – right-leaning individuals expressed greater trust in climate scientists than their left-leaning counterparts.

    These findings suggest it is not political orientation alone that drives public trust, but how climate issues are framed in political discourse. In many Western countries, public messaging around climate change — particularly from conservative parties and media — has cast doubt on the credibility of climate science. This politicisation, often amplified by vested interests such as fossil fuel lobbies, may help explain the erosion of trust among some conservative groups.

    Closing the trust gap

    Trust alone will not solve the climate crisis, but it plays a crucial role in shaping how societies respond to scientific guidance.

    Ambitious, evidence-based policies require public support to succeed. A persistent trust gap — no matter how small — can undermine that support and help explain why many governments continue to fall short of their climate targets.

    Closing the trust gap through transparent communication, inclusive public engagement, and consistent political leadership is essential for turning awareness into action.

    Omid Ghasemi receives funding from the Australian Academy of Science.

    Ben Newell receives funding from The Australian Research Council.

    ref. Climate scientists are trusted globally, just not as much as other scientists – here’s why – https://theconversation.com/climate-scientists-are-trusted-globally-just-not-as-much-as-other-scientists-heres-why-256441

    MIL OSI – Global Reports

  • MIL-Evening Report: Climate scientists are trusted globally, just not as much as other scientists – here’s why

    Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Omid Ghasemi, Research Associate in Behavioural Science at the Institute for Climate Risk & Response, UNSW Sydney

    I. Noyan Yilmaz, Shutterstock

    Societies increasingly rely on scientists to guide decisions in times of uncertainty, from pandemic outbreaks to the rise of artificial intelligence.

    Addressing climate change is no different. For governments wanting to introduce ambitious climate policies, public trust in climate scientists is pivotal, because it can determine whether voters support or resist those efforts.

    So do people trust climate scientists, and what affects levels of trust? Our new study shows climate scientists are less trusted than other types of scientists globally. But there are profound variations in this trust gap between countries, and within them.

    Finding ways to increase trust in climate scientists is crucial if the world is to implement effective policies to avert dangerous global warming.

    Low trust in climate scientists may hinder effective climate science communication and reduce public engagement with climate solutions.
    Mozgova, Shutterstock.

    Examining trust in science

    We collaborated with an international team of researchers to analyse data from one of the largest cross-national surveys of public attitudes toward science. The dataset includes responses from nearly 70,000 people across 68 countries. It offers a rare global snapshot of how people perceive scientists in general, and climate scientists in particular.

    Each of these people rated their trust in climate scientists on a five-point scale, with a five indicating very high trust and a one being not trusted at all.

    Trust in scientists more generally was assessed using a 12-item questionnaire that measured perceptions of expertise, integrity, benevolence and openness. The responses were averaged to create a composite trust score. Higher scores reflected higher levels of trust.

    We found trust in scientists was moderately strong worldwide, as it was above the midpoint of the scale (averaging 3.6 out of 5). But trust in climate scientists was slightly lower (averaging 3.5). The difference between the two scores is what we call the “trust gap”.

    In 43 of the 68 countries, the trust gap was statistically significant, with people reporting lower trust in climate scientists than in scientists in general.

    The size of the trust gap varied between countries. In Europe, Oceania (including Australia and New Zealand) and North America the gap tended to be smaller. Larger gaps emerged in parts of Latin America and Africa.

    The Democratic Republic of the Congo had the widest gap, with climate scientists trusted less than in any other country. This may reflect local concerns that global climate agendas — often supported by international scientists — prioritise resource extraction for foreign renewable energy demands over local interests. Such feelings may be particularly acute in regions where mining has brought limited community benefit.

    Six countries bucked the trend. Climate scientists were more trusted than scientists overall in China, Taiwan, South Korea, Egypt, Israel and Germany.

    In China and Germany, this may reflect strong investment in green energy, high levels of public support for climate action, and the visible role climate scientists play in shaping policy.

    What’s going on here?

    Not surprisingly, people with more positive views of science tended to express higher trust in scientists and even more so, climate scientists. But people with dim views of scientists were less trusting of climate scientists.

    Age also played a role. Older people tended to trust scientists more than younger people. But younger people were more likely to trust climate scientists.

    Climate scientists were generally less trusted than scientists regardless of gender. While men reported slightly lower trust in scientists than women did, the difference was not statistically significant.

    Among all the variables we examined, political orientation emerged as one of the strongest factors associated with trust in climate scientists. People with right-leaning or conservative views reported lower trust in climate scientists compared with those with more left-leaning or liberal views.

    However, the meaning of terms such as “liberal” and “conservative” can vary considerably between countries. For example, in Australia, the Liberal Party is politically right-leaning. But in the United States, “liberal” typically refers to left-leaning or progressive views. This variation makes cross-national comparisons complex and requires careful interpretation of results.

    As a particular person’s political orientation shifted further to the right, the trust gap between climate scientists and scientists widened.

    In 28 countries across the Americas, Europe and Oceania, right-leaning orientation was associated not only with lower trust in climate scientists than people who leaned to the left, but also with a larger gap between trust for scientists generally and trust for climate scientists.

    In a smaller subset of countries, particularly in parts of Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe, the pattern reversed – right-leaning individuals expressed greater trust in climate scientists than their left-leaning counterparts.

    These findings suggest it is not political orientation alone that drives public trust, but how climate issues are framed in political discourse. In many Western countries, public messaging around climate change — particularly from conservative parties and media — has cast doubt on the credibility of climate science. This politicisation, often amplified by vested interests such as fossil fuel lobbies, may help explain the erosion of trust among some conservative groups.

    Closing the trust gap

    Trust alone will not solve the climate crisis, but it plays a crucial role in shaping how societies respond to scientific guidance.

    Ambitious, evidence-based policies require public support to succeed. A persistent trust gap — no matter how small — can undermine that support and help explain why many governments continue to fall short of their climate targets.

    Closing the trust gap through transparent communication, inclusive public engagement, and consistent political leadership is essential for turning awareness into action.

    Omid Ghasemi receives funding from the Australian Academy of Science.

    Ben Newell receives funding from The Australian Research Council.

    ref. Climate scientists are trusted globally, just not as much as other scientists – here’s why – https://theconversation.com/climate-scientists-are-trusted-globally-just-not-as-much-as-other-scientists-heres-why-256441

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