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Category: Education

  • MIL-OSI Economics: IPAA Announces Michael Hillebrand as New Board Chairman 

    Source: Independent Petroleum Association of America

    Headline: IPAA Announces Michael Hillebrand as New Board Chairman 

    Jan 28, 2025 IPAA Announces Michael Hillebrand as New Board Chairman 

    Posted at 09:53h in Press Releases by

    IPAA Board Appoints Hillebrand, Huntley & Huntley CEO, as Chairman for 2024-2026 Term 

    WASHINGTON – The Independent Petroleum Association of America (IPAA) board of directors are pleased to announce Michael “Mike” A. Hillebrand, the chief executive officer of Pennsylvania-based Huntley & Huntley, as board chairman for a two-year term through 2026. IPAA advocates for thousands of oil and natural gas producers that develop 90 percent of wells nationwide. The IPAA board approved Hillebrand at the association’s annual meeting in late fall, and Hillebrand officially assumed the role this month.

    “Mike brings fantastic business and technical expertise to the role of chairman, coupled with a passion for industry and association advocacy,” said Jeff Eshelman, IPAA president and chief executive officer. “Past-chairman Steve Pruett, the president and chief executive officer of Elevation Resources, has been invaluable in expanding IPAA’s reach in Texas and the Permian Basin. I look forward to working with Mike on deepening our roots and relationships in my home state of Pennsylvania and throughout the Appalachian Basin formations.”

    Hillebrand is a principal shareholder and chief executive officer of one of the world’s oldest and continuously existing oil and gas companies, Huntley & Huntley (founded in 1912), the founder, shareholder, and board member of its institutional joint venture, Olympus Energy, the fifth largest shale producer in southwestern Pennsylvania. Mr. Hillebrand has thirty-nine years of combined experience in both vertical and horizontal well drilling, completions, and operations, as well as all operating and financial aspects of oil and natural gas business development, assembly and acquisition, and marketing.

    He has played a key leadership role in securing over $1.1 billion of capital funding and/or commitments into several of Huntley’s affiliated companies. One of those companies, Olympus Energy, now operates nearly 100,000 acres and in one of SW Pennsylvania’s last undeveloped core Marcellus, deep Utica and Upper Devonian unconventional shale positions, now producing over 600 mmcf/d.

    Mr. Hillebrand is a graduate of the Pennsylvania State University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering. He is member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) and the current Chairman of the Pennsylvania Independent Oil and Gas Association (PIOGA).

    For the full IPAA Board of Directors, visit https://www.ipaa.org/board-of-directors/

    ###

    MIL OSI Economics –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Engineering the social: Students in this course use systems thinking to help solve human rights, disease and homelessness

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Raúl Ordóñez, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton

    An engineering education can equip students to work on broader social issues. Photosomnia/E+ via Getty Images

    Uncommon Courses is an occasional series from The Conversation U.S. highlighting unconventional approaches to teaching.

    Title of course:

    Engineering Systems for the Common Good

    What prompted the idea for the course?

    As a control systems researcher, I have long felt that control systems – and systems science in general – have much to contribute to solving social problems.

    Control systems make other systems behave in some desired manner. Think of the cruise control in a car, which keeps its speed constant, or the thermostat in a house that regulates temperature.

    I wanted to know whether engineers could treat society and social phenomena as systems in the engineering sense. That way, students and researchers could mathematically model and even simulate these phenomena using computers.

    Control systems engineering offers a set of powerful analysis and design tools. I wanted to know whether my students and I could apply these methods to things such as policymaking to help address societal problems.

    What does the course explore?

    In this course, students learn fundamental systems theory concepts, such as block diagrams, feedback loops and discrete-time dynamics. They apply these concepts to mathematically model and analyze social systems.

    In the class, I talk with the students about human rights. We think about how this powerful idea applies to social systems. This systems framework helps us approach social justice issues in a methodical, mathematical manner.

    In Raúl Ordóñez’s class at the University of Dayton, students take engineering concepts and apply them to societal issues.
    Shawn Robinson/University of Dayton

    Students use simulation software to model systems such as disease epidemics, the viral spread of ideas, the tragedy of the commons and homelessness, among others.

    Importantly, they learn that some social phenomena can be methodically studied and engineered, in a quantifiable manner. For example, they can use numbers and data to experiment and evaluate how introducing vaccines affects disease spread.

    By the end of the course, students gain a deeper understanding of the connection between engineering principles and tools and human rights and society.

    Why is this course relevant now?

    This course helps bridge the gap between engineering and social sciences by bringing concepts from human rights and social justice to engineering students. It teaches them how the powerful engineering tools they learn throughout the engineering curriculum can directly serve the common good.

    What’s a critical lesson from the course?

    The course is a concrete step toward teaching engineering and science students that engineering has more to offer to society than its direct applications. Students learn that a partnership between the humanities and engineering is not only possible but strongly desirable for the advancement of the common good.

    What materials does the course feature?

    There is no one textbook that deals with all the topics in this course, although the book “Humanitarian Engineering: Advancing Technology for Sustainable Development,” third edition, by Kevin M. Passino, is a very useful resource. I have mostly developed my own materials, including my set of lecture notes, projects and numerical simulation code.

    Many engineers use tools in engineering to help people and communities.

    What will the course prepare students to do?

    The course aims to prepare students to apply common engineering tools such as differential equations, signals and systems, systems analysis, mathematical models and numerical simulation to the analysis of social problems, with an emphasis on human rights implications.

    It also introduces social modeling as a powerful method for understanding social issues and assessing how various policies affect human rights.

    My goal is to produce engineering students who can meaningfully contribute to policymaking by using engineering tools to assess the consequences of social and economic policies.

    Dr. Kevin M. Passino was my doctoral research adviser at the Ohio State University, where I did my PhD.

    – ref. Engineering the social: Students in this course use systems thinking to help solve human rights, disease and homelessness – https://theconversation.com/engineering-the-social-students-in-this-course-use-systems-thinking-to-help-solve-human-rights-disease-and-homelessness-242893

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Nutrition advice is rife with misinformation − a medical education specialist explains how to tell valid health information from pseudoscience

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Aimee Pugh Bernard, Assistant Professor of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus

    If a health claim about a dietary intervention sounds too good to be true, it probably is.
     Mizina/iStock via Getty Images Plus

    The COVID-19 pandemic illuminated a vast landscape of misinformation about many topics, science and health chief among them.

    Since then, information overload continues unabated, and many people are rightfully confused by an onslaught of conflicting health information. Even expert advice is often contradictory.

    On top of that, people sometimes deliberately distort research findings to promote a certain agenda. For example, trisodium phosphate is a common food additive in cakes and cookies that is used to improve texture and prevent spoilage, but wellness influencers exploit the fact that a similarly named substance is used in paint and cleaning products to suggest it’s dangerous to your health.

    Such claims can proliferate quickly, creating widespread misconceptions and undermining trust in legitimate scientific research and medical advice. Social media’s rise as a news and information source further fuels the spread of pseudoscientific views.

    Misinformation is rampant in the realm of health and nutrition. Findings from nutrition research is rarely clear-cut because diet is just one of many behaviors and lifestyle factors affecting health, but the simplicity of using food and supplements as a cure-all is especially seductive.

    I am an assistant professor specializing in medical education and science communication. I also train scientists and future health care professionals how to communicate their science to the general public.

    In my view, countering the voices of social media influencers and health activists promoting pseudoscientific health claims requires leaning into the science of disease prevention. Extensive research has produced a body of evidence-based practices and public health measures that have consistently been shown to improve the health of millions of people around the world. Evaluating popular health claims against the yardstick of this work can help distinguish which ones are based on sound science.

    To parse pseudoscientific claims from sound advice about health and nutrition, it’s crucial to evaluate the information’s source.
    tadamichi/Getty Images

    Navigating the terrain of tangled information

    Conflicting information can be found on just about everything we eat and drink.

    That’s because a food or beverage is rarely just good or bad. Instead, its health effects can depend on everything from the quantity a person consumes to their genetic makeup. Hundreds of scientific studies describe coffee’s health benefits and, on the flip side, its health risks. A bird’s-eye view can point in one direction or another, but news articles and social media posts often make claims based on a single study.

    Things can get even more confusing with dietary supplements because people who promote them often make big claims about their health benefits. Take apple cider vinegar, for example – or ACV, if you’re in the know.

    Apple cider vinegar has been touted as an all-natural remedy for a variety of ailments, including digestive issues, urinary health and weight management. Indeed, some studies have shown that it might help lower cholesterol, in addition to having other health benefits, but overall those studies have small sample sizes and are inconclusive.

    Advocates of this substance often claim that one particular component of it – the cloudy sediment at the bottom of the bottle termed “the mother” – is especially beneficial because of the bacteria and yeast it contains. But there is no research that backs the claim that it offers any health benefits.

    One good rule of thumb is that health hacks that promise quick fixes are almost always too good to be true. And even when supplements do offer some health benefits under specific circumstances, it’s important to remember that they are largely exempt from Food and Drug Administration regulations. That means the ingredients on their labels might contain more or less of the ingredients promised or other ingredients not listed, which can potentially cause harms such as liver toxicity.

    It’s also important to keep in mind that the global dietary supplements industry is worth more than US$150 billion per year, so companies – and wellness influencers – selling supplements have a financial stake in convincing the public of their value.

    Misinformation about nutrition is nothing new, but that doesn’t make it any less confusing.

    How nutrition science gets twisted

    There’s no doubt that good nutrition is fundamental for your health. Studies consistently show that a balanced diet containing a variety of essential nutrients can help prevent chronic diseases and promote overall well-being.

    For instance, minerals such as calcium and iron support bone health and oxygen circulation in the blood, respectively. Proteins are essential for muscle repair and growth, and healthy fats, like those found in avocados and nuts, are vital for brain health.

    However, pseudoscientific claims often twist such basic facts to promote the idea that specific diets or supplements can prevent or treat illness. For example, vitamin C is known to play a role in supporting the immune system and can help reduce the duration and severity of colds.

    But despite assertions to the contrary, consuming large quantities of vitamin C does not prevent colds. In fact, the body needs only a certain amount of vitamin C to function properly, and any excess is simply excreted.

    Companies sometimes claim their supplement is “scientifically proven” to cure illness or boost brain function, with no credible research to back it up.

    Some companies overstate the benefits while underplaying the hazards.

    For example, wellness influencers have promoted raw milk over pasteurized milk as a more natural and nutritious choice, but consuming it is risky. Unpasteurized milk can contain harmful bacteria that leads to gastrointestinal illness and, in some cases, much more serious and potentially life-threatening diseases such as avian influenza, or bird flu.

    Such dietary myths aren’t harmless. Reliance on nutrition alone can lead to neglecting other critical aspects of health, such as regular medical checkups and lifesaving vaccinations.

    The lure of dietary myths has led people with cancer to replace proven science-backed treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation, with unproven and misleading nutrition programs.

    How to spot less-than-solid science

    Pseudoscience exploits your insecurities and emotions, taking advantage of your desire to live the healthiest life possible.

    While the world around you may be uncertain and out of your control, you want to believe that at the very least, you have control over your own health. This is where the wellness industry steps in.

    What makes pseudoscientific claims so confusing is that they use just enough scientific jargon to sound believable. Supplements or powders that claim to “boost immunity” often list ingredients such as adaptogens and superfoods. While these words sound real and convincing, they actually don’t mean anything in science. They are terms created by the wellness industry to sell products.

    I’ve researched and written about reliable ways to distinguish science facts from false health claims. To stay alert and find credible information, I’d suggest you follow a few key steps.

    First, check your emotions – strong emotional reactions, such as fear and anger, can be a red flag.

    Next, check that the author has experience or expertise in the field of the topic. If they’re not an expert, they might not know what they are talking about. It’s always a good idea to make sure the source is reputable – ask yourself, would this source be trusted by scientists?

    Finally, search for references that back up the information. If very little or nothing else exists in the science world to back up the claims, you may want to put your trust in a different source.

    Following these steps will separate the facts from fake news and empower you to make evidence-based decisions.

    Aimee Pugh Bernard is an unpaid board member for Immunize Colorado

    – ref. Nutrition advice is rife with misinformation − a medical education specialist explains how to tell valid health information from pseudoscience – https://theconversation.com/nutrition-advice-is-rife-with-misinformation-a-medical-education-specialist-explains-how-to-tell-valid-health-information-from-pseudoscience-246478

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Getting mail to your door is just one part of what the postmaster general does

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Jena Martin, Professor of Law, St. Mary’s University

    Postal workers sort through mail and packages. Frederic J. Brown/AFP via Getty Images

    The postmaster general is responsible for getting billions of pieces of mail across the globe, managing hundreds of thousands of employees and caring for some of the country’s most vulnerable Americans.

    The agency is currently run by Postmaster General Louis DeJoy, who served in President Donald Trump’s first administration and during President Joe Biden’s term as well. He is one of the few key advisers to serve in both Trump administrations.

    I’m a law professor who has studied the United States Postal Service and the role of the postmaster general.

    Here’s what having the job of overseeing the Postal Service entails. Spoiler: It’s about more than getting your mail delivered.

    Sprawling duties of the postmaster

    The postmaster general overseas a vast operation.

    Over 44% of the world’s mail is processed and delivered by the U.S. Postal Service, making it the largest delivery service in the world.

    In 2023 alone, the Postal Service handled 116.2 billion pieces of mail. And while processing and delivering mail is the key component of the Postal Service’s mission, it has other responsibilities as well.

    In many ways, in fact, it’s the nondelivery parts of the organization that have the biggest impact on the U.S. economy.

    In 2023, USPS owned or leased 22,873 properties around the country. To place this in perspective, the General Services Administration – known as “America’s landlord” – owns or leases only 8,800 properties.

    The agency also paid US$2 billion in salary and benefits to its 525,469 career employees and processed more than 8.5 million passport applications.

    Finally, USPS has a mandate that supports the health of many Americans. The service’s “last mile” delivery commitment ensures that all Americans – even those living in rural communities – receive mail delivery six days a week. This is particularly important for people without easy access to medical services, as it often provides lifesaving medications to people in need.

    Those are all official duties. Unofficially, the Postal Service has long been known to assist elderly citizens and respond to emergency situations that occur on letter carriers’ routes. In early January 2025, for example, a Massachusetts mail carrier was able to save a house from burning by quickly extinguishing a fire.

    As my co-author Matt Titolo and I have written elsewhere, “Americans depend on USPS for a host of essential services including food, medicine, paying bills, shopping, and running small businesses.”

    Deep roots in US history

    That deep connection with communities has been a part of USPS since its founding. In fact, the postal system is older than the nation itself, with Benjamin Franklin serving as the first head of the organization beginning in 1775.

    When the U.S. Constitution was ratified in 1789, it included Article 1, Section 8 – generally known as the postal clause – which explicitly gives Congress the power “to establish Post Offices and post Roads” and “to make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper” to implement the task.

    A faded postcard sent in 1912.
    Jena Ardell via GettyImages

    Until 1971 the postmaster general was a Cabinet-level position and fifth in the presidential line of succession – coming right after the attorney general and right before the secretary of the Interior. The postmaster general was removed from the Cabinet, and the line of succession, in 1971 when Congress reorganized the Post Office and gave it its new name of the U.S. Postal Service.

    Since that reorganization, the president no longer has the power to appoint – or fire – the postmaster general. That power lies with the Board of Governors of the Postal Service, whose members are appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate.

    The future of the Postal Service

    Over the years, postmaster generals have discussed moving USPS away from its roots as a service-oriented organization and toward a typical business operation. Presidential candidates, including Trump, have called for either full or partial privatization of the agency.

    Indeed, USPS faces continuous deficit problems. But privatization and a resulting focus on profits would likely increase the cost of mailing a letter, a change that would disproportionately affect low-income individuals and small businesses – and could even result in service cuts to rural areas, making life for Americans living there harder and less healthy.

    As Forbes reports, critics and proponents of the move to privatize acknowledge it could result in “fewer days of mail services, longer mail delivery timelines or less access to USPS services.”

    This story is part of a series of profiles of Cabinet and high-level administration positions.

    Prof. Martin’s husband has been employed with the Postal Service for the last twenty-nine years.

    – ref. Getting mail to your door is just one part of what the postmaster general does – https://theconversation.com/getting-mail-to-your-door-is-just-one-part-of-what-the-postmaster-general-does-246861

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Medical research depends on government money – even a day’s delay in the intricate funding process throws science off-kilter

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Aliasger K. Salem, Associate Vice President for Research and Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iowa

    Of the tens of thousands of grant applications submitted to the National Institutes of Health, only around 1 in 5 is funded. Sean Gladwell/Moment via Getty Images

    In the early days of the second Trump administration, a directive to pause all public communication from the Department of Health and Human Services created uncertainty and anxiety among biomedical researchers in the U.S. This directive halted key operations of numerous federal agencies like the National Institutes of Health, including those critical to advancing science and medicine.

    These operations included a hiring freeze, travel bans and a pause on publishing regulations, guidance documents and other communications. The directive also suspended the grant review panels that determine which research projects receive funding.

    As a result of these disruptions, NIH staff has reported being unable to meet with study participants or recruit patients into clinical trials, delays submitting research findings to science journals, and rescinded job offers.

    Shorter communication freezes in the first few days of a new administration aren’t uncommon. But the consequences of a freeze lasting weeks or potentially longer underscore the critical role the federal government plays in supporting biomedical research. It also brings the intricate processes through which federal research grants are evaluated and awarded into the spotlight.

    I am a member of a federal research grant review panel, as well as a scientist whose own projects have undergone this review process. My experience with the NIH has shown me that these panels come to a decision on the best science to fund through rigorous review and careful vetting.

    How NIH study sections work

    At the heart of the NIH’s mission to advance biomedical research is a careful and transparent peer review process. Key to this process are study sections – panels of scientists and subject matter experts tasked with evaluating grant applications for scientific and technical merit. Study sections are overseen by the Center for Scientific Review, the NIH’s portal for all incoming grant proposals.

    A typical study section consists of dozens of reviewers selected based on their expertise in relevant fields and with careful screening for any conflicts of interest. These scientists are a mix of permanent members and temporary participants.

    I have had the privilege of serving as a permanent chartered member of an NIH study section for several years. This role requires a commitment of four to six years and provides an in-depth understanding of the peer review process. Despite media reports and social media posts indicating that many other panels have been canceled, a section meeting I have scheduled in February 2025 is currently proceeding as planned.

    Evaluating projects for their scientific merit and potential impact is an involved process.
    Center for Scientific Review

    Reviewers analyze applications using key criteria, including the significance and innovation of the research, the qualifications and training of the investigators, the feasibility and rigor of the study design, and the environment the work will be conducted in. Each criterion is scored and combined into an overall impact score. Applications with the highest scores are sent to the next stage, where reviewers meet to discuss and assign final rankings.

    Because no system is perfect, the NIH is constantly reevaluating its review process for potential improvements. For example, in a change that was proposed in 2024, new submissions from Jan. 25, 2025, onward will be reviewed using an updated scoring system that does not rate the investigator and environment but takes these criteria into account in the overall impact score. This change improves the process by increasing the focus of the review on the quality and impact of the science.

    From review to award

    Following peer review, applications are passed to the NIH’s funding institutes and centers, such as the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases or the National Cancer Institute, where program officials assess the applications’ alignment with the priorities and budgets of institutes’ relevant research programs.

    A second tier of review is conducted by advisory councils composed of scientists, clinicians and public representatives. In my experience, study section scores and comments typically carry the greatest weight. Public health needs, policy directives and ensuring that one type of research is not overrepresented relative to other areas are also considered in funding decisions. These factors can change with shifts in administrative priorities.

    Grant awards are typically announced several months after the review process, although administrative freezes or budgetary uncertainties can extend this timeline. Last year, approximately US$40 billion was awarded for biomedical research, largely through almost 50,000 competitive grants to more than 300,000 researchers at over 2,500 universities, medical schools and other research institutions across the U.S.

    Getting federal funding for research is a highly competitive process. On average, only 1 in 5 grant applications is funded.

    Medical research often follows a strict timeline.
    gorodenkoff/iStock via Getty Images Plus

    Consequences of an administrative freeze

    The Trump administration’s initial freeze paused some of the steps in the federal research grant review process. Some study section meetings have been postponed indefinitely, and program officials faced delays in processing applications. Some research groups relying on NIH funding for ongoing projects can face cash flow challenges, potentially resulting in a need to scale back research activities or temporarily reassign staff.

    Because my own study section meeting is still scheduled to take place in February, I believe these pauses are temporary. This is consistent with a recent follow-up memo from acting HHS Secretary Dorothy Fink, stating that the directive would be in effect through Feb. 1.

    Importantly, the pause underscores the fragility of the research funding pipeline and the cascading effects of administrative uncertainty. Early-career scientists who often rely on timely grant awards to establish their labs are particularly vulnerable, heightening concerns about workforce sustainability in biomedical research.

    As the NIH and research community navigate these pauses, this chapter serves as a reminder of the critical importance of stable and predictable funding systems. Biomedical research in the U.S. has historically maintained bipartisan support. Protecting the NIH’s mission of advancing human health from political or administrative turbulence is critical to ensure that the pursuit of scientific innovation and public health remains uncompromised.

    Aliasger K. Salem receives funding from the National Institutes of Health. He serves on the Executive Board of the American Association for Pharmaceutical Scientists.

    – ref. Medical research depends on government money – even a day’s delay in the intricate funding process throws science off-kilter – https://theconversation.com/medical-research-depends-on-government-money-even-a-days-delay-in-the-intricate-funding-process-throws-science-off-kilter-248290

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Economics: Samsung Names 50 U.S. Schools as State Winners in the Solve for Tomorrow STEM Competition, Vying for a Share of $2 Million in Prizes

    Source: Samsung

    Gen Z and Gen Alpha students across the nation have accepted the challenge to boldly solve pressing community issues using STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). Today, Samsung Electronics America announced that 50 U.S. public middle and high schools are moving forward as State Winners in the 15th annual Samsung Solve for Tomorrow national STEM competition. Each of these schools has been awarded a $12,000 Samsung technology prize package, including a Samsung Video Kit to showcase their proposed STEM solution. The full list of State Winners can be viewed at Samsung.com/Solve.
    “Congratulations to all the incredible State Winners in the 2024-2025 Samsung Solve for Tomorrow competition,” said Allison Stransky, Chief Marketing Officer, Samsung Electronics America. “Solve for Tomorrow was born from Samsung’s deep belief in the power of STEM to improve lives and transform communities. It’s truly inspiring to see these bright Gen Z and Gen Alpha innovators harnessing emerging technologies, with nearly half of their STEM solutions incorporating AI, to address critical societal issues with creativity, determination, and purpose.”

    By combining problem-based learning(PBL), STEM disciplines, social impact entrepreneurship, and environmental stewardship, Samsung Solve for Tomorrow engages middle and high school students to drive meaningful societal progress. Through hands-on, real-world experiences, the competition inspires young minds to see STEM as a pathway to becoming changemakers and pursuing fulfilling, impactful careers. The State Winner honor marks a key milestone toward the ultimate prize—being named one of three National Winners, each unlocking $100,000 for their school. Overall, Samsung will award more than $2 million* in prizes to this year’s participating schools.
    Ingenuity & Empathy Drive Gen Z & Gen Alpha STEM Solutions
    Samsung Solve for Tomorrow State Winners are redefining STEM’s potential—not as a field reserved for those attending elite institutions, but as a universal tool for solving real-world problems. Impressively, 58% of the State Winners represent Title 1 schools, aligned with Samsung’s commitment to bringing equitable STEM opportunities to underrepresented communities. Among the State Winners are several all-girl teams breaking barriers in traditionally male-dominated fields, while 48% of teams are from middle schools, showing Gen Alpha’s early passion for innovation and social good.

    The competition also provides a unique glimpse into the priorities of America’s Gen Alpha and Gen Z.  As a group, the State Winners are most concerned with environmental sustainability and climate disasters (28%), public health (26%), and accessibility (20%), followed by public safety and mental health. The student team from Oklahoma is using drones and AI to predict and manage wildfire risks, providing real-time data to firefighters and helping mitigate the devastating effects of climate events. In Arkansas, another school is addressing oral cancer detection by developing an AI-powered mobile app for affordable, non-invasive screenings, making early detection more accessible in rural areas and addressing public health disparities.
    “These 50 State Winners are recasting the role of STEM in solving matters close to their lives and their communities,” said Salman Taufiq, Head of Brand Marketing, Samsung Electronics America. “By addressing real-world issues with empathy and advanced technology like AI, machine learning, drones, and virtual reality, they’re preparing to lead in a rapidly evolving, impact-focused workforce.”
    The competing entries are embracing cutting-edge technologies like AI (42%), 3D printing (34%), and robotics (14%) to bring their ideas to life. Mississippi’s State Winner is developing an AI-driven app that uses biometric sensors to detect the early signs of anxiety in students with autism, giving them and their teachers real-time alerts to help prevent panic attacks. Meanwhile, Nevada’s team are designing a low-cost, fully recyclable modular prosthetic arm using 3D printing, enabling a classmate with a partial arm amputation to participate fully in orchestra performances.

    Innovation & Mentorship Power Next Phase of Competition
    For the next phase of the competition, State Winners will receive a $12,000 prize package, including a Samsung Video Kit consisting of a Galaxy Book and a Galaxy Z Flip to help create a three-minute STEM solution pitch video. The video must demonstrate how STEM is being applied to address the community issue outlined in the student teams’ Activity Plans. State Winners must submit their videos by the deadline of Thursday, March 6, 2025, at 11:59 p.m. ET. Judges will review the submissions to select 10 National Finalists, who will be announced in mid-March and are invited to participate in a live pitch event in April 2025.
    Samsung employees will once again serve as one-on-one mentors to the State Winners, guiding student teams through project development and prototype building. Using their professional expertise, mentors will also help teams create compelling video pitches for their STEM solutions to advance to the National Finalist phase.

    National FinalistsBased on their State Winner pitch videos, 10 National Finalists will be chosen to participate in a live pitch event and present their project to a panel of judges. Seven of these schools will be awarded $50,000 in Samsung technology and classroom supplies.
    National WinnersBased on the live pitch presentations, judges will name three National Winners, each earning a $100,00 prize package.
    From the 50 State Winners, one school will be selected for the Rising Entrepreneurship Award, receiving an added $25,000 prize package to nurture and develop their STEM solution into a venture extending beyond the competition.
    One of the 50 State Winner schools will be recognized with a Sustainability Innovation Award for driving sustainable change through STEM innovation, and an additional $25,000 prize package, including Samsung ENERGY STAR® technology.
    From the National Finalists, one Community Choice Winner, selected through online voting by the general public, will receive an additional $10,000 in prizes on top of their National Finalist winnings.
    One Employee Choice Winner will be chosen by Samsung employees from among the National Finalists to receive $10,000 in prizes in addition to their National Finalist winnings.
    *$2 million prize is based on an estimated retail value.

    MIL OSI Economics –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: International Winter Academy on Nuclear Energy for Students from China Concluded

    Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

    Source: Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University – Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University –

    The International Winter Academy on Energy has ended at the Institute of Energy. This project is aimed at developing international educational cooperation in energy with universities in different countries. This winter, the Nuclear Energy module was organized for Chinese students from Harbin Engineering University, Sichuan University, Shandong University, and Tsinghua University.

    The staff of the Higher School of Nuclear and Thermal Energy of the Institute of Power Engineering have been conducting classes in a hybrid format since the pandemic. The transition to online classes was inevitable then, and now it has become a convenient option for students who, for various reasons, cannot come.

    We will continue to accept students both online and in person, as there is demand for this. Our program is short-term, it covers both basic and special aspects of energy, so we provide some participants with the opportunity to study after their main classes and after finishing work, – said Ekaterina Sokolova, associate professor at HSE and founder of the academy.

    The Winter Academy received the “status” of an academy when the organizers and founders of the project realized that education is not the only area of cooperation in which students, teachers from foreign universities and polytechnics are interested.

    Now the program includes not only lectures and intensive courses, but also case studies and presentations of scientific research. The Academy participants presented projects on various topics: “Artificial Intelligence on the Path to Sustainable Energy”, “Small Modular Reactors”, “Nuclear Energy and Climate Change”, etc.

    Students wrote review articles and provided examples of the latest developments in their country, Russia and the world, based on the knowledge they had gained during the program. They presented their research results on the final day at the energy forum.

    The guys visited the laboratory of the Scientific and Educational Center “Thermal Physics in Power Engineering”, where Professor Vladimir Mityakov of the Higher School of Engineering and Technology gave a tour in English, showed the work of the wind tunnel and the results of experiments conducted with its help. Associate Professors of the Higher School of Engineering and Technology Khashayar Sadeghi and Hadi Seyed accompanied the students of the Academy, assistant Alexey Tarasenko gave a lecture on the basics of probabilistic safety analysis.

    We would like our academy to be able to provide not only knowledge, but also the skills required for conducting scientific activities and writing articles. The guys get acquainted with the Polytechnic, with teachers and students. We hold events that teach them to work in a team, overcome the language barrier and develop the skill of communicating with future colleagues and scientists. The language of science is, first of all, the language of cooperation, both in education and in culture, – shared Ekaterina Andreyevna.

    A cultural program was prepared for the Academy participants. The children visited the Hermitage and the Yusupov Palace. Senior lecturer of the Higher School of Architecture and Technical Ethics Natalia Donmez and specialist of the SPbPU History Museum Maria Zavyalova conducted a bilingual excursion dedicated to the history of the Polytechnic University.

    The academy’s organizers plan to attract Russian students and students from international educational programs to obtain different opinions and come to new solutions.

    In the near future, IE employees will begin preparing for the spring program on hydrogen energy, which is very popular. Scientists Competence Center for Advanced Nuclear Technologies in the Area of Sustainable Development and Decarbonization of Energy create a course taking into account the latest industry developments.

    In the summer, the team is preparing for the arrival of several delegations from China and students from other countries for modules on electric power, oil and gas industry, nuclear power, and renewable energy sources.

    Students can follow the updates and recruitment to the academy as tutors on the IE website.

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: Results of the International Festival of the Merry and Inventive: the Scientific and Methodological Center of KVN will open at the State University of Management

    Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

    Source: State University of Management – Official website of the State –

    From January 21 to 25 this year, the fourth All-Russian forum “KVN – School of Leaders” was held in Sochi as part of the International Festival “KiViN-2025”. The event was organized by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, the State University of Management and the Television Creative Association “AMiK”.

    The goal of the Forum is to strengthen and further develop the youth movement of the Club of the Merry and Resourceful among employees of federal and regional executive authorities involved in the implementation of youth policy and educational work, as well as specialists from higher education institutions involved in programs in the same areas.

    The central event of the Forum was the panel discussion “KVN – School of Leaders”. The participants were greeted via videoconference by Deputy Minister of Science and Higher Education Olga Petrova. The speakers of the panel discussion were:

    — Tatyana Omelchuk – representative of the Department for Public Projects of the Presidential Administration; — Vladimir Stroyev – rector of the State University of Management; — Alexander Maslyakov – general director of TTO “AMiK”; — Anton Serikov – general director of the Mashuk Knowledge Center; — Ruben Partevyan – deputy general director of TTO “AMiK”; — Pavel Pavlovsky – vice-rector of the State University of Management.

    The participants discussed the scale of the KVN movement in Russian universities, which involves about 22 thousand activists from all over the country, who played about 650 games at their universities last year. “KiViN-2025” brought together more than 550 teams in Sochi. All of them represent enormous potential for the development of youth policy and creative industry in their regions.

    In order to develop the university movement of the cheerful and resourceful, with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, it was decided to create a Scientific and Methodological Center for KVN on the basis of the State University of Management, which will help everyone who wants to organize their games, leagues and cups, teach them how to interact with the management of universities, seek financial support outside of universities, and set the right vector for the development of student KVN in Russia.

    The Forum program was rich and diverse. Key tasks and goals were presented at the introductory session. During the first day, participants also had a unique opportunity to meet with the management of TTO “AMiK”, discuss the prospects for the development of the KVN movement, and exchange their experiences with each other in an informal setting.

    The second day opened with a lecture on the role and importance of the movement of the cheerful and resourceful in achieving the national goal – revealing the potential of each person, developing their talents and nurturing patriotism and social responsibility. Later, the participants had the opportunity to talk with the head of the Safe Internet League Ekaterina Mizulina. During the day, master classes were held on the legal aspects of organizing KVN games, as well as issues of interaction between official children’s leagues and regional branches of the “Movement of the First”.

    The third day of the forum included a workshop on “Creative and motivational aspects of organizing Club games in educational institutions.” A strategic session on new forms of integrating the KVN movement into state youth policy was also held with the participation of representatives of the Department of State Youth Policy and Educational Activities of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.

    The last, fourth day, January 24, gave the participants the opportunity to attend a lecture on the formation of federal standards for organizing KVN games and training teams of various levels. This was followed by a strategic session dedicated to children’s KVN, issues of its development and interaction at the local level.

    The organizers expressed confidence that the Forum will be an important step towards strengthening and further developing the KVN youth movement in Russia, contributing to the formation of a new generation of leaders capable of making a significant contribution to the future of the country.

    At the International Festival “KiViN-2025” the State University of Management was represented by four teams: “Singlplayer”, “Ikhnie”, “Fildepersovye” and “Kontora”. The guys coped with dignity, showing brilliant performances and a high level of training.

    “Singlplayer” once again made it to the second round of the festival and eventually received an invitation to the show “League of Cities” on TNT. “Fildepersovye” made it to the second round for the first time, performed in front of Alexander Maslyakov and got the opportunity to play in the Central Leagues of the International Union of KVN. “Kontora” made a successful debut at the Sochi festival and received an “increased rating”, which is a significant achievement for newcomers and gives the right to perform in the Central Leagues.

    Moreover, these three teams were nominated for the “Break of the Day” after their performances in the first round. The editors only award this nomination to 5 out of 80-90 teams whose performances were the funniest and most memorable.

    The KiViN-2025 festival for the teams of the KVN League of the State University of Management was incredibly successful. We are proud of the guys for their work, creativity and desire to win. Congratulations to everyone and wish them great success in the next season!

    Subscribe to the TG channel “Our GUU” Date of publication: 01/28/2025

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: “Origami. Funny animals” in the club “Atom”

    Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

    Source: Moscow Government – Government of Moscow –

    The Atom club will host an origami master class. Participants will create animal figures — from playful kittens to graceful cranes — and, under the guidance of an experienced teacher, will learn the basics of this ancient art. The class will tell you about the best types of paper, useful tools, and important techniques that will help you achieve excellent results. The crafts you create can become both an original decoration for your home and a touching gift.

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    Please Note; This Information is Raw Content Directly from the Information Source. It is access to What the Source Is Stating and Does Not Reflect

    https: //vv.mos.ru/afisha/event/330027257/

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI: Illumio Research Reveals 58% of Companies Hit With Ransomware Have Been Forced to Halt Operations

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    SUNNYVALE, Calif., Jan. 28, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Ransomware attacks are disrupting and undermining business operations and draining revenue streams, according to new research from the Ponemon Institute, commissioned by Illumio, Inc., the leader in breach containment.

    Findings from The Global Cost of Ransomware Study reveal that 58% of organizations had to shut down operations following a ransomware attack, up from 45% in 2021. Forty percent reported a significant loss of revenue (up from 22% in 2021); 41% lost customers; and 40% had to eliminate jobs.

    The research examined the scope of ransomware threats confronting organizations and the measures being implemented to reduce the risks and their impacts. Key findings include:

    • Attackers are reaching critical systems to cause maximum disruption: Ransomware attacks impacted 25% of critical systems, with systems down for 12 hours on average.
    • Organizations continue to spend significant time and money containing ransomware: On average, it took 17.5 people, 132 hours each to contain and remediate their largest ransomware attack.
    • Costs associated with reputation and brand damage now exceed those from legal and regulatory actions: 35% experienced significant brand damage from an attack (up from 21% in 2021).
    • Failure to prioritize investments that boost resilience is costing businesses: 44% lack the ability to quickly identify and contain attacks, and only 27% have implemented microsegmentation – a vital control for stopping the spread of breaches.

    “Ransomware is more pervasive and impactful than ever, with more organizations forced to suspend operations or experiencing major business failure because of attacks,” said Trevor Dearing, Director of Critical Infrastructure at Illumio. “Organizations need operational resilience and controls like microsegmentation that stop attackers from reaching critical systems. By containing attacks at the point of entry, organizations can protect critical systems and data, and save millions in downtime, lost business, and reputational damage.”

    Cloud and hybrid environments remain weak links, with attackers exploiting unpatched systems
    The increased connectivity of business systems and devices is making it harder for organizations to defend against ransomware attacks. Organizations perceive the cloud as being the most vulnerable, and 35% say a lack of visibility across hybrid environments makes it difficult to respond to ransomware attacks.

    Desktops and laptops remain the most compromised devices (50%), with phishing and Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) cited as top entry points for ransomware. Most attacks moved across the network to infect other devices. In over half of these cases (52%), attackers exploited unpatched systems to move laterally and escalate system privileges; up significantly from 33% in 2021.

    Organizations are investing heavily in ransomware defense, but efforts are falling short
    According to the research, nearly a third of IT budgets (29%) are allocated to staff and technologies meant to prevent, detect, contain, and resolve ransomware attacks, yet attacks are still successful. Eighty-eight percent of organizations have fallen victim to a ransomware attack, despite 54% being confident in their security posture.

    Organizations are also taking a chance on ransomware recovery and failing. Fifty-two percent of respondents believe having a full and accurate backup is a sufficient defense against ransomware. Yet only 13% were able to recover all impacted data following a ransomware attack.

    The report also found larger organizational challenges in defending against ransomware including:

    • Ransomware reporting is still not happening: 72% of those that experienced a ransomware attack didn’t report it to law enforcement. Top reasons for not reporting include fear of publicizing the incident (39%); a payment deadline (38%); and fear of retaliation (38%). 
    • Employees are more security conscious, but still a weak link: 40% are confident in the ability of employees to detect social engineering lures (up from 30% in 2021), however, insider negligence is the top challenge when responding to ransomware attacks.
    • Organizations are slow to adopt AI to combat ransomware: Only 42% have specifically adopted AI to help combat ransomware. More (51%) are concerned their organization may experience an AI-generated ransomware attack.

    To learn more, download the full Global Cost of Ransomware Study here or check out the blog here.

    Research Methodology  
    The research was conducted by Ponemon Institute on behalf of Illumio among 2,547 IT and cybersecurity practitioners in the US, UK, Germany, France, Australia and Japan. All participants have responsibility for addressing ransomware attacks within their organizations.

    About Illumio  
    Illumio, the most comprehensive Zero Trust solution for ransomware and breach containment, protects organizations from cyber disasters and enables operational resilience without complexity. By visualizing traffic flows and automatically setting segmentation policies, the Illumio Zero Trust Segmentation Platform reduces unnecessary lateral movement across the multi-cloud and hybrid infrastructure, protecting critical resources and preventing the spread of cyberattacks. 

    Contact Information 
    Comms-team@illumio.com 

    About Ponemon Institute 
    Ponemon Institute is dedicated to independent research and education that advances responsible information and privacy management practices within business and government. Our mission is to conduct high quality, empirical studies on critical issues affecting the management and security of sensitive information about people and organizations.

    We uphold strict data confidentiality, privacy and ethical research standards. We do not collect any personally identifiable information from individuals (or company identifiable information in our business research). Furthermore, we have strict quality standards to ensure that subjects are not asked extraneous, irrelevant or improper questions.

    The MIL Network –

  • MIL-OSI Global: 4 steps to building a healthier relationship with your phone

    Source: The Conversation – Canada – By Jamie Gruman, Professor of Organizational Behaviour, University of Guelph

    Being constantly connected to your electronic devices, and the social media they enable, may be bad for your health and well-being and working remotely only compounds these challenges.

    Until very recently, I didn’t have a smartphone. In 2018, I wrote an article outlining the benefits of not being connected to the world through a phone. I was perfectly content living a largely disconnected life.

    However, since that time, things have changed.

    It is increasingly difficult to manage life without a smartphone. I recently took my family to a baseball game and would have been unable to access the ballpark without a smartphone because the phone serves as your tickets. Without a phone, I might not be able to enter a concert I bought tickets for, and it is increasingly difficult to order takeout. Reluctantly, I now own a smartphone.

    Ready to make a change? The Quarter Life Glow-up is a new, six-week newsletter course from The Conversation’s UK and Canada editions.

    Every week, we’ll bring you research-backed advice and tools to help improve your relationships, your career, your free time and your mental health – no supplements or skincare required. Sign up here to start your glow-up at any time.

    Working from home, or remotely, has only magnified these challenges. Being constantly electronically connected can make it difficult to separate work from home, leading you to being constantly “on call.” This can further keep you in a perpetual state of activation.

    In general, excessive smartphone use is associated with anxiety and depression and compromised sleep. Further evidence suggests that being in contact with work when physically outside of the workplace can lead to higher levels of distress as opposed to those who leave the workplace behind them when they depart.

    So how can you manage if your home is your remote workplace? These four tactics can help you establish a clear boundary between work and home.

    1. Create physical boundaries

    Use physical space or objects to create a separation between work and home. For example, closing or locking the door to a home office creates a physical and psychological barrier that keeps you away from your laptop and helps you split your work life from your home life.

    If you do not have a home office, you may have a dedicated work area. Erecting a divider, such as a folding screen or even an unused bed sheet, can serve the same purpose.

    To maintain a strict separation of work and home, consider getting a work phone to separate work from personal communications. Outside of work, consider leaving your phone at home when going out for leisure activities in the evening or on weekends to help you escape electronics completely — though be sure to let trusted individuals know where you will be if you plan on disconnecting for an extended period of time.

    Simply put, keep your work space separate and view your phone as nothing more than a highly advanced landline of old, plugged into a specific area of your home and unable to be taken further.

    2. Create temporal boundaries

    Set boundaries around when you will address things, and how much time you will devote to work. It is more and more common to see messages in email signatures noting the days and hours during which people will respond to messages. This is a positive development.

    You can also block out time in your schedule to address work and non-work issues. If you have a phone that you use exclusively for work, turn it off and charge it during the times you don’t intend to be working. Protecting your time with such tactics is an effective way to promote work-life balance and maintain a healthy relationship with technology.

    3. Create behavioural boundaries

    Establish behaviours which help you separate work from home. Turning off the ringer and buzzer on your phone prevents you from being distracted and disturbed when enjoying leisure time.

    If your work involves social media, then try using different social media platforms for work and non-work to help you avoid being inadvertently drawn into work-related matters when you are trying to enjoy personal time. Or, consider switching to one of the many new “dumbphones” entering the market.



    Read more:
    Does being away from your smartphone cause you anxiety? The fact that it makes you available 24/7 could be the reason

    You can also team up with others. In the same way that doctors in a clinic will schedule one partner to be on call at a time so that the other partners can fully escape from work after hours, you can join forces with others who do similar work and redirect calls on a rotating basis so you do not have to worry about always being contacted.

    4. Create communication boundaries

    Once these tactics have been established, you should communicate them. Establish expectations about when you will and won’t be available. Note that this may require some negotiation.

    If people contact you out of ignorance of your personal policy, simply advise them of it. If they intentionally violate your boundary, consider your relationship with the violator before addressing them. You don’t want to rebuke your boss, but you should be firm in protecting your boundaries.

    Stay in control

    In the end, you need to ensure that you own your phone and not the other way around.

    When used excessively, electronic devices can become a chain that shackles us, as opposed to a tool that enables us. Our phones can become an addiction. Like any other form of addiction, we lose control of our phones when they make demands of us that we feel compelled to answer.

    There are times when work or urgent situations require us to be electronically available. However, outside of the times you must be available, any time you feel your phone making a demand of you, turn it off.



    Read more:
    What millennials and gen Z professionals need to know about developing a meaningful career

    Now that I have a smartphone, some things in life are easier and more pleasant. I can avoid traffic jams when driving. My wife and I can discuss purchases before buying, and I can play games on my phone while waiting for a friend to arrive at a restaurant. But I don’t allow the phone to dictate how I live.

    Acquaintances of mine will sometimes get upset when they text me. Because I don’t keep my phone on my hip, I usually don’t respond right away. If they voice their displeasure, I’m secretly pleased; it reminds me that I have a healthy relationship with my phone. I’m in command of it. It’s not in command of me.

    Jamie Gruman does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. 4 steps to building a healthier relationship with your phone – https://theconversation.com/4-steps-to-building-a-healthier-relationship-with-your-phone-235920

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: $Trump and $Melania crypto tokens illustrate the risks posed by trendy meme coins

    Source: The Conversation – Canada – By Anwar Sheluchin, PhD Candidate, Political Science, McMaster University

    An image on a Trump meme coin website. (GetTrumpMemes.com)

    Meme coins like the ones recently launched by United States President Donald Trump and his wife, Melania, are a hot trend in the cryptocurrency ecosystem. The rise of these digital tokens reflects the influence of internet culture and community-driven hype on the market, distinguishing them from more traditional cryptocurrencies with well-defined uses or technical foundations.

    The value of a meme coin is often driven by social media hype, community engagement and celebrity endorsements. But political meme coins seem to offer a new use: the potential to turn civic engagement into speculative assets.

    As someone who researches financial governance and digital currencies, I want to delve into various cryptocurrency initiatives. This is not intended as financial advice.

    Politics meets crypto

    In recent years, the cryptocurrency landscape has witnessed the emergence of political meme coins, digital tokens centred around political figures or movements.

    During the 2024 U.S. presidential election, a number of political meme coins emerged, inspired by political figures like Trump, Joe Biden and Kamala Harris. These coins, often unaffiliated with the politicians they reference, typically have misspelled names (for example, Jeo Boden instead of Joe Biden).

    Political meme coins merge finance, technology and politics in an unprecedented way, potentially serving as a gauge of public sentiment and political trends.

    Trump’s official $Trump token is a prime example of how cryptocurrencies can transform political support into a financial product. However, the value of a meme coin is highly speculative, as it often relies on public perception and market demand, among other things, rather than any intrinsic worth.

    According to the terms and conditions on the site where the coins are sold, “Trump Memes are intended to function as an expression of support” and come with “absolutely no promise or guarantee that the Trump Memes will increase in value or maintain the same value as the amount you paid.”

    This disclaimer highlights the speculative nature of such tokens while also raising ethical concerns about the potential to exploit political supporters for financial gain.

    MAGA credit card

    Trump’s meme coin isn’t his first venture into crypto. Previously, he released a series of digital trading cards (NFTs) that enabled cardholders to have dinner with the president.
    Third parties are building on the hype around Trump and his brand, releasing products like the limited-edition MAGA Card.

    Described as “a collector’s item and the ultimate way to spend your $TRUMP tokens,” the credit card claims to integrate Trump’s meme coin with everyday financial transactions in a bid to appeal to supporters of the president’s MAGA movement.

    However, The American Patriot’s Card — the company behind the credit card — does not appear to have any affiliation with Trump. Unlike the $Trump token, which clearly discloses its connection to Trump, the MAGA Card lacks such transparency, illustrating how the door has been opened to misrepresentation and opportunistic marketing schemes that exploit political supporters.

    Regulatory environment

    The cryptocurrency industry spent millions during the 2024 U.S. election backing crypto-friendly candidates and selling the story that crypto voters are an important voting bloc.

    This investment aimed to shape political discourse, leading presidential candidates to make promises and propose policies that aligned with the interests of the cryptocurrency industry.

    While Trump has signalled his intention to provide clear regulatory guidelines for the cryptocurrency industry, the launch of his meme coin — coupled with low public understanding of cryptoassets — could lead to financial losses from risky and speculative investments.

    Take for example, what are known as pump-and-dump schemes that have become relatively common in the cryptocurrency ecosystem. These schemes involve artificially inflating the price of an asset to sell it at a profit. After the asset is “dumped,” the price crashes, leaving investors with significant losses.

    Without appropriate guardrails in place, the need to protect investors becomes increasingly urgent.

    Relevance to Canada

    The Canadian government has expressed some concern over the role of cryptocurrency in politics. Compared to the U.S., Canada has strict campaign financing rules aimed at preventing the undue influence of money in politics and ensuring a fair and transparent democratic process.

    This means that the cryptocurrency industry likely won’t be able to influence Canadian elections in the same way they might have south of the border. Canada’s existing regulatory framework has already led to several cryptocurrency exchanges leaving the country.

    Currently, political entities in Canada can only accept cryptocurrency contributions if Elections Canada can verify the public wallet addresses and transaction amounts involved.

    However, Bill C-65 — the Electoral Participation Act — proposes regulatory requirements related to contributions that are “difficult to trace.” Specifically, political parties and candidates would be prohibited from accepting contributions in the form of “a cryptoasset, money order or prepaid payment method.” The recent prorogation of Parliament has shelved the amendments proposed in C-65, but these concerns remain relevant for future legislation.

    Risky convergence

    Discussions in the House of Commons on Bill C-65, particularly regarding cryptoasset donations, emphasize the need for a ban to prevent foreign entities from influencing Canadian elections.

    This was likely a response to concerns about foreign entities financially supporting the so-called Freedom Convoy through cryptocurrency donations, despite CSIS stating that the money did not appear to be coming from foreign states, organizations or citizens.

    The rise of political meme coins demonstrates how politics, finance and technology are merging in new and sometimes risky ways. While these coins may seem like a joke or a new way to engage with politics, the absence of proper regulations could leave political supporters vulnerable to exploitation for financial gain.

    Anwar Sheluchin receives funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.

    – ref. $Trump and $Melania crypto tokens illustrate the risks posed by trendy meme coins – https://theconversation.com/trump-and-melania-crypto-tokens-illustrate-the-risks-posed-by-trendy-meme-coins-247781

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Donors are down, but dollars are up – how US charitable giving is changing

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Una Osili, Professor of Economics and Philanthropic Studies; Associate Dean for Research and International Programs, Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, Indiana University

    Although the pie is shrinking, the remaining slices are giving more.
     Say-Cheese/iStock via Getty Images Plus

    Although the US$557 billion Americans gave to charity in 2023 marked a 2.1% decline in inflation-adjusted terms, U.S. donations have increased significantly over the past two decades. Giving has grown by about 42% since 2003, according to the annual Giving USA report – which our team at the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy researches and writes in partnership with the Giving USA Foundation.

    While overall charitable funds have expanded according to the most recent data available, the share of Americans who give to charitable causes has fallen. It plummeted from 66.2% of all U.S. adults in 2000 to 45.8% in 2020, our team determined in a different study we released in 2024. In short, the number of dollars is up, while the share of Americans who are donors is down.

    As the second Trump administration gets underway, having fewer people donating more is one reason why scholars of philanthropy like us are watching how the federal government handles tax policy and other measures that could influence charitable giving.

    Decline continued when the COVID-19 pandemic began

    Our latest study regarding the donors’ side of the American giving equation included data from 2020 – the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

    We found that a long-term decline in Americans’ participation in charitable giving accelerated during the first year of the pandemic. The share of Americans who gave to charity fell from 49.6% in 2018, the prior year for which data is available, to 45.8% in 2020 – a nearly 4-percentage-point decline in two years. This data is only available for every other year.

    Those findings may appear to contradict many anecdotal reports about charitable activity and other acts of generosity being on the rise at that time.

    The share of Americans who give to charity had fallen by 3.5 percentage points in the prior two-year period – a sign that the pandemic may have sped up the decline in the giving participation rate.

    Giving is growing more concentrated

    How can the total amount contributed rise while the share of donors declines?

    The answer is simple: The donors who still give to charity are giving more than they used to, even after adjusting for inflation.

    The total amount the typical U.S. donor gave in a year rose from $3,131 in 2018 to $3,651 in 2020. That’s an 16.6% increase in just two years.

    We also found that American donors with higher incomes, more education and more wealth are giving larger amounts than they used to.

    Bouts of economic volatility and, in recent years, inflation running at levels not seen since the 1980s may have left many American families with less money to donate to charities.

    Other factors include cultural shifts, a decline in religious affiliation and a loss of trust in institutions of all kinds.

    What’s around the corner

    Changes enacted during the first Trump administration have been reverberating in recent years, and the second Trump administration’s policies are also likely to influence giving trends.

    Most of the taxpayers who had previously been able to take advantage of the charitable deduction, which reduces taxable income in accordance to the value of a taxpayer’s donations, stopped itemizing and instead took advantage of the standard deduction after President Donald Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act into law in late 2017.

    That’s because the 2017 tax reforms increased the standard deduction. As a result, many people stopped itemizing their tax returns and started using the standard deduction instead.

    About 30% of taxpayers itemized in 2017, which meant they could benefit from the charitable deduction. But since 2018, only about 10% of them have been itemizing. A recent study one of us worked on determined that the tax changes reduced charitable giving by $20 billion in 2018 alone.

    The White House could attempt to address the sustained decline in the share of Americans making charitable donations by considering policies that have the potential to encourage more people to give to charity.

    The shrinking ranks of American donors matters because philanthropy plays a prominent role in fulfilling Americans’ spiritual, intellectual and material needs and aspirations for people of all backgrounds.

    Una Osili receives funding from Bill and Melinda Foundation, Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, Fidelity Charitable Catalyst Fund, John Templeton Foundation, Google.org

    Xiao “Jimmy” Han receives funding from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, Fidelity Charitable Catalyst Fund, Google.org Charitable Giving Fund, and the John Templeton Foundation.

    – ref. Donors are down, but dollars are up – how US charitable giving is changing – https://theconversation.com/donors-are-down-but-dollars-are-up-how-us-charitable-giving-is-changing-246473

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Canada and Greenland aren’t likely to join the US anytime soon – but ‘GrAmeriCa’ is a revealing thought experiment

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Peter A. Coclanis, Professor of History and Director of the Global Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

    For some time now, pundits have been debating whether to take Donald Trump “seriously” or “literally,” as the clever binary coined by journalist Salena Zito in 2016 has it.

    This choice comes to mind when I think about the 47th president’s frequent comments recently about incorporating Greenland and Canada into the United States. A few cases in point: Before delivering an inaugural address in which he vaguely but forcefully expressed a desire for the U.S. to expand its territory, Trump raised the issue on a confrontational phone call with the prime minister of Denmark, which handles Greenland’s international affairs. More recently, he spoke of Canada becoming a U.S. state to reporters on Air Force One.

    It’s hard to imagine a plausible scenario in which either, let alone both, joins the United States. The governments of Canada and Greenland alike have made it clear that they’re not for sale.

    But as an economic historian, I believe that thought experiments can be a useful way of understanding truths about the world. And one such truth is that Greenland and Canada play a key role in the global economy. If the U.S. were to absorb either or both, it would be a strategic, economic and political game changer.

    So, for a moment, let’s take Trump both seriously and literally. Below, I’ve laid out some very rough measures of how a reconstituted megastate including the U.S., Canada or Greenland would look in comparison to other leading countries and blocs.

    Bigger, but not more crowded

    At first glance, the most obvious thing to note about the new country would be its physical size. Today the U.S. is the third-largest nation-state in terms of area – about 57.5% of the size of Russia, by far the world’s largest country.

    By incorporating Canada, the second-largest country in the world in terms of area, the U.S., so reconstituted, would be 14% larger than Russia. If both Canada and Greenland became part of the reconstituted U.S., the country would be 22% larger than Russia.

    How about China? Today, China is slightly smaller than the U.S. in area, but China would be less than half the size of a combined U.S. and Canada, and only about 44% of the size of the U.S.-Canada-Greenland. And the European Union? It would be less than 20% of the size of a U.S.-Canada-Greenland combo.

    Incorporating Canada and Greenland into the U.S would have less of an impact in demographic terms, adding just under 40 million people to the current U.S. total of 342 million.

    Similarly, if the U.S. absorbed Canada and Greenland — two countries that are wealthy, but not nearly as wealthy as the U.S. — it wouldn’t have much of an impact on gross domestic product per capita. Why not? Because the U.S. would comprise about 90% of the total population of the new megastate. Given the figures for GDP per capita (PPP, international dollars) in Canada and Greenland and weighting for population, GDP per capita in the megastate would be about $79,000.

    A strategic shift

    The biggest effects of absorbing either country into the U.S. would come in the geopolitical, strategic and resource realms. Here, the changes would be seismic. First, by incorporating both countries into the U.S., the new entity would not only consolidate its already considerable power in the Western Hemisphere, but it would also establish a much more formidable position in the Arctic region. This is increasingly important as sea lanes are opening up with climate change.

    By adding territory, the U.S. could potentially enhance its strategic and defense posture, forcing its principal adversaries, Russia and China, to pursue more cautious tacks. These geopolitical and strategic effects would be magnified by the bounty of natural resources in the new megastate.

    Consider that the U.S. is already the largest oil-producing country in the world – producing over 13.3 million barrels a day in 2023 – and Canada is No. 4, with 5 million. Together, the two countries produced over 18 million barrels per day in 2023, while Russia produced about 10.3 million, Saudi Arabia about 9 million, and China 4.2 million. In other words, the U.S. and Canada together produce 8 million barrels of oil more than Russia does each day – a staggering differential.

    The U.S. is also by far the largest producer of natural gas in the world, with Russia a distant second. Incorporating Canada, currently the fifth-largest producer, would add considerably to the U.S. lead.

    Nor does the resource bounty begin and end with oil and natural gas. Greenland is rich in minerals of all types, particularly the rare earth elements in such demand for batteries, electronics and the like.

    And perhaps most important of all is the impact of integration regarding freshwater resources. Integrating the U.S. and Canada would bring that new entity into a virtual tie with Brazil as the leading repository of freshwater resources in the world. Canada and the U.S. are currently Nos. 3 and 4, respectively, in the world in freshwater resources; together, their freshwater stock far surpasses Russia, which is currently No. 2.

    And this doesn’t factor in Greenland, with its massive – if declining – freshwater ice shield. In any case, given the increasing demand for water around the world, control over freshwater resources will prove more and more important for the overall security posture of the U.S. going forward.

    So what do we make of this little exercise? One thing seems clear: “GrAmeriCa” would be amazingly rich in resources, as the president likely knows well. But should we take Trump literally or seriously – or both – on this issue? It may be a case of “Too soon to tell,” to invoke Zhou Enlai’s famous line about one or another revolutionary upheaval in France. But the world will know soon enough.

    Peter A. Coclanis does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Canada and Greenland aren’t likely to join the US anytime soon – but ‘GrAmeriCa’ is a revealing thought experiment – https://theconversation.com/canada-and-greenland-arent-likely-to-join-the-us-anytime-soon-but-gramerica-is-a-revealing-thought-experiment-248214

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Disaster evacuations can take much longer than people expect − computer simulations could help save lives and avoid chaos

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Ashley Bosa, Postdoctoral Researcher, Hazards and Climate Resilience Institute, Boise State University

    Wildfire smoke rises beyond homes near Castaic Lake as another California wildfire spread on Jan. 22, 2025. AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez

    When a wildfire notification goes off on your mobile phone, it can trigger all kinds of emotions and confusion.

    You might glance outside and see no smoke. Across the street, your neighbors have mixed reactions: One is leisurely walking their dog, another is calmly packing a small bag, while a third appears to be preparing for an extended vacation.

    The notification advises you to grab your “go bag,” but then panic can set in as you realize you don’t have one ready. So, you scour the local emergency management website for guidance and discover how much you’ve overlooked: important documents such as birth certificates, an extra flashlight, your children’s medications, a phone charger.

    Before you can gather your thoughts, a second notification arrives – this time telling you to evacuate.

    Packing the car, wrangling children or a skittish cat, figuring out where to go – it can feel frenzied in the face of danger. As you pull out, you join a traffic jam on your street, with a black smoke plume rising nearby and neighbors still loading their cars.

    This chaos highlights a worst-case scenario for wildfire evacuations – one that can cause delays, heighten risks for evacuees and complicate access for emergency responders. It’s why researchers like me who study natural hazards are developing ways to help communities recognize where residents may need the most help and avoid evacuation bottlenecks in the face of future disasters.

    The importance of being prepared

    Confusion is common in the face of disasters, and it underscores the need for communities and individuals to be prepared.

    Delays in evacuating, or the inability to evacuate safely, can have catastrophic consequences, not only for those trying to flee but also for the first responders and emergency managers working to manage the crisis. These delays often stem from a lack of preparedness or uncertainty about when and how to act.

    A study of survivors of an Australian wildfire that killed 172 people in the state of Victoria in 2009 found that two-thirds of survivors reported that they had carried out an existing disaster plan, while researchers found the majority of those who died either didn’t follow a disaster plan or couldn’t. Forecasters had warned that high temperatures were coming with very low humidity, and public alerts had gone out about the high fire risk.

    Residents had little time to evacuate as the Eaton Fire spread into Altadena, Calif., on Jan. 7, 2025. Source: NBC.

    How people perceive risks and the environmental and social cues around them – such as how much smoke they see, their neighbors’ choices or the wording of the notification – will directly affect the speed of their response.

    Past experience with a disaster evacuation also has an impact. Rapid population growth in recent years in the wildland-urban interface – areas where human development meets wildfire-prone areas – has meant that more people with little or no experience with wildfires are living in fire-risk areas. Wildland areas also tend to have fewer evacuation routes, making mass evacuations more difficult and time-consuming.

    Adding to the complexity is the fact that large wildfires are occurring in regions not historically prone to such events and during times of the year traditionally considered outside of wildfire season. This shift has left communities and emergency response teams grappling with unprecedented challenges, particularly when it comes to evacuations.

    Computer models can help spot risks

    To address these challenges, researchers are developing systems to help communities model how their residents are likely to respond in the event of a disaster.

    The results can help emergency crews understand where bottlenecks are likely to occur along evacuation routes, depending on the timing of the notice and the movement of the fire. They can also help fire managers understand where neighborhoods may need to be notified faster or need more help evacuating.

    Firefighters inspect burned out cars along a road in Paradise, Calif., after a deadly fire swept through the wooded area in November 2018. Some people abandoned their cars when they became trapped in traffic with few ways out.
    AP Photo/John Locher

    My team at the Hazard and Climate Resilience Institute at Boise State University is working on one of these projects. We have been surveying communities across Idaho and Oregon to assess how people living in the wildland-urban interface areas perceive wildfire risks and prepare for evacuations.

    Using those surveys, we can capture household-level decision data, such as which evacuation routes these residents would take, how many cars they plan to drive and where they would evacuate to.

    We can also gauge how prepared residents would be to evacuate, or whether they would likely stay and try to defend their home instead.

    Evacuating nursing homes takes time and special resources, including evacuation sites that can meet people’s health needs. When the Eaton Fire swept into Altadena, Calif., on Jan. 7, 2025, a senior care facility had little time to get its residents safely away.
    AP Photo/Ethan Swope

    With that data, we can simulate how long it will take emergency response teams to evacuate an entire community safely. The models could also show where difficulties with evacuations might be likely to arise and help residents understand how they can adjust their evacuation plans for a safer escape for everyone.

    Bridging the gap between awareness and action

    One of the key goals of this research is to bridge the gap between awareness and action.

    While many residents in wildfire-prone areas understand the risks, translating that knowledge into concrete preparations remains a challenge. The concept of a “go bag,” for example, is widely promoted but often poorly understood. Essential items such as medications, important documents and pet supplies are frequently overlooked until it’s too late.

    Clear and timely communication during wildfire crises is also essential. Evacuation warning messages such as “Ready, Set, Go!” are designed to prompt specific actions, but their effectiveness depends on residents understanding and trusting the system. Delayed responses or mixed signals can create confusion.

    As wildfire risk rises for many communities, preparedness is no longer optional – it’s a necessity. Emergency notifications vary by state and county, so check your local emergency management office to understand what to expect and sign up for alerts. Being prepared can help communities limit some of the most devastating impacts of wildfires.

    Ashley Bosa receives funding from the National Science Foundation Grant No. 2230595 for the project titled “Collaborative Research: Household Response to Wildfire ? Integrating Behavioral Science and Evacuation Modeling to Improve Community Wildfire Resilience.”

    – ref. Disaster evacuations can take much longer than people expect − computer simulations could help save lives and avoid chaos – https://theconversation.com/disaster-evacuations-can-take-much-longer-than-people-expect-computer-simulations-could-help-save-lives-and-avoid-chaos-247668

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: In asking Trump to show mercy, Bishop Budde continues a long tradition of Christian leaders ‘speaking truth to power’

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Joanne M. Pierce, Professor Emerita of Religious Studies, College of the Holy Cross

    Bishop Mariann Budde leads the national prayer service attended by President Donald Trump at the National Cathedral in Washington on Jan. 21, 2025. AP Photo/Evan Vucci

    Episcopal Bishop Mariann Edgar Budde’s sermon on Jan. 21, 2025, in which she appealed to President Donald Trump to have mercy toward groups frightened by his position on immigrants and LGBTQ+ people – especially children – drew reactions from both sides of the aisle.

    In a post on his social networking site, Truth Social, Trump called her comments “nasty in tone” and remarked that she “brought her church into the World of politics in a very ungracious way.”

    “She and her church owe the public an apology!,” he posted. Several conservatives criticized her sermon, while many progressives saw her as “speaking truth to power.”

    As a specialist in medieval Christianity, I was not surprised by the bishop’s words, as I know that Christian history is full of examples of people who have spoken out, unafraid to risk official censure, or even death.

    Early voices

    Even in the early centuries of Christianity, followers of Jesus Christ’s teachings could be outspoken toward political leaders.

    For example, in the first-century Gospels, John the Baptist, a contemporary of Jesus, confronts the ruler of Galilee, Herod Antipas, for marrying his brother’s wife – a practice forbidden in the Hebrew scriptures. For that, John the Baptist was ultimately beheaded.

    In a prayer later called the Magnificat, Mary, the mother of Jesus, praises the glory and power of God who casts down the mighty and raises the lowly. In recent interpretations, these words have been understood as a call for those in authority to act more justly.

    In the late fourth century – a time when Christianity had been made the official religion of the Roman Empire – a respected civil official named Ambrose became bishop of the imperial city of Milan in northern Italy. He became well known for his preaching and theological treatises.

    However, after imperial troops massacred innocent civilians in the Greek city of Thessaloniki, Ambrose reproached Emperor Theodosius and refused to admit him to church for worship until he did public penance for their deaths.

    Ambrose’s writings on scripture and heresy, as well as his hymns, had a profound influence on Western Christian theology; since his death, he has been venerated as a saint.

    In the early sixth century, the Christian Roman senator and philosopher Boethius served as an official in the Roman court of the Germanic king of Italy, Theodoric. A respected figure for his learning and personal integrity, Boethius was imprisoned on false charges after defending others from accusations by corrupt court officials acting out of greed or ambition.

    During his time in prison, he wrote a philosophical volume about the nature of what is true good – “On the Consolation of Philosophy” – that is studied even today. Boethius, who was executed in 524, is venerated as a saint and martyr in parts of Italy.

    Thomas Becket and St. Catherine

    One of the most famous examples of a medieval bishop speaking truth to power is that of Thomas Becket, former chancellor – that is, senior minister – of England in the 12th century. On becoming archbishop of Canterbury, Becket resigned his secular office and opposed the efforts of King Henry II to bring the church under royal control.

    A stained glass window at the Canterbury Cathedral in England depicting the murder of Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury.
    Dukas/Universal Images Group via Getty Images

    After living in exile in France for a time, Becket returned to England and was assassinated by some of Henry’s knights. The king later did public penance for this at Becket’s tomb in Canterbury. Soon after, Becket was canonized a saint.

    Another influential saint was the 14th-century Italian mystic and writer Catherine of Siena. Because of the increasing power of the kings of France, the popes had moved their residence and offices from Rome to Avignon, on the French border. They remained there for most of the century, even though this Avignon papacy increased tensions in western Europee.

    Many Christian clerics and secular rulers in western Europe believed that the popes needed to return to Rome, to distance papal authority from French influence. Catherine herself even traveled to Avignon and stayed there for months, writing letters urging Pope Gregory XI to return to Rome and restore peace to Italy and the church – a goal the pope finally fulfilled in 1377.

    Leaders speak up across denominations

    The Reformation era of the 16th and early 17th centuries led to the splitting of Western Christianity into several different denominations. However, many Christian leaders across denominations continued to raise their voices for justice.

    One important and ongoing voice is that of the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers. Early leaders, like Margaret Fell and George Fox, wrote letters to King Charles II of England in the mid-17th century, defending their beliefs, including pacifism, in the face of persecution.

    In the 18th century, based on their belief in the equality of all human beings, Quaker leaders spoke in favor of the abolition of slavery in both the United Kingdom and the United States.

    In fact, it was Bayard Rustin, a Black Quaker, who coined the phrase “to speak truth to power” in the mid-20th century. He adhered to the Quaker commitment to nonviolence in social activism and was active for decades in the American Civil Rights Movement. During the Montgomery bus boycott in the mid-1950s, he met and began working with Martin Luther King Jr., who was an ordained Baptist minister.

    In Germany, leaders from various Christian denominations have also united to speak truth to power. During the rise of the Nazis in the 1930s, several pastors and theologians joined forces to resist the influence of Nazi doctrine over German Protestant churches.

    Their statement, the Barmen Declaration, emphasized that Christians were answerable to God, not the state. These leaders – the Confessing Church – continued to resist Nazi attempts to create a German Church.

    Desmond Tutu and other leaders

    Bishop Desmond Tutu opposed the racial policies of the South African government.
    AP Photo/Jim Abrams

    Christians on other continents, too, continued this vocal tradition. Óscar Romero, the Roman Catholic archbishop of San Salvador, preached radio sermons criticizing the government and army for violence and oppression of the poor in El Salvador during a national civil war. As a result, he was assassinated while celebrating Mass in 1980. Romero was canonized a saint by Pope Francis in 2018.

    In South Africa, the Anglican bishop Desmond Tutu, archbishop of Cape Town, spent much of his active ministry condemning the violence of apartheid in his native country. After the end of the apartheid regime, Tutu also served as chair of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which was established to investigate acts of violence committed both by government forces and violent activists. Before his death in 2021, Tutu continued to speak out against other international acts of oppression. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984.

    For some, Bishop Budde’s words might seem radical, rude, inappropriate or offensive. But she did not speak in isolation; she is surrounded by a cloud of witnesses in the Christian tradition of speaking truth to power.

    Joanne M. Pierce does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. In asking Trump to show mercy, Bishop Budde continues a long tradition of Christian leaders ‘speaking truth to power’ – https://theconversation.com/in-asking-trump-to-show-mercy-bishop-budde-continues-a-long-tradition-of-christian-leaders-speaking-truth-to-power-248209

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: St. Thomas Aquinas’ skull just went on tour − here’s what the medieval saint himself would have said about its veneration

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Therese Cory, Associate Professor of Thomistic Studies, University of Notre Dame

    The skull of St. Thomas Aquinas during a stop at St. Patrick Church in Columbus, Ohio, in December 2024. Nheyob/Wikimedia Commons

    Once, on a road trip in Greece, I stopped with my husband and dad at a centuries-old Orthodox monastery to view its famous frescoes. We were in luck, the porter said: It was a feast day. The relics of the monastery’s saintly founder were on view for public veneration.

    As a Catholic and a medievalist, I can never resist meeting a new saint. The relic, it turned out, was the saint’s hand, though without any special ornament or reliquary, the ornate containers in which relics are often displayed. Nothing but one plain, severed hand in a glass box, its fingers partly contorted, and its discolored skin shriveled onto the bones.

    We gathered around the shrine, silently, to pray. Then my dad, whose piety sometimes runs up against his penchant for dramatic storytelling, leaned over and whispered, “What if at the hotel, in the middle of the night, I hear a scratching sound, and then The Claw …” His own hand started crawling dramatically up his shirt and then flew to his throat.

    “Dad!” I hissed furiously, with a horrified glance at the monks praying nearby.

    Relics can admittedly feel a bit morbid – and yet, so holy. What exactly is their appeal?

    To me, it’s the physical closeness, especially with parts of a saint’s own body – what the Catholic Church calls “first class” relics, which can be as small as a chip of bone. There are also objects the saint used during life: “second class” relics, such as the gloves worn by the Italian mystic Padre Pio.

    The veneration of relics of saints was already well established in the early church. But controversies go back hundreds of years. During the Protestant Reformation, for example, reformers decried the shameless use of relics to drive donations and the proliferation of faux relics. Today, the idea of intentionally dismembering and displaying human body parts can seem shocking, even repulsive.

    Yet venerating relics remains far from a “relic” of the past. At the end of 2024, the skull of St. Thomas Aquinas – the great Dominican medieval thinker whose writings I study – made its first tour of the United States. The journey commemorated the “triple anniversary” of 700 years since his canonization, 750 years since his death and 800 years since his birth.

    From Cincinnati to Rhode Island to Washington, D.C., thousands of Catholics turned out to pay their homage to this medieval saint.

    Religious sisters venerating the skull at St. Patrick Church in Columbus, Ohio.
    Nheyob/Wikimedia Commons

    God’s dwelling place

    What might Aquinas himself have thought about all the attention to his traveling skull – that fragile and now empty case for the brain behind one of the most productive minds of European philosophy?

    Aquinas’ answer lies in a short but poignant text from “Summa Theologiae,” his best-known work. Christians should venerate relics, Aquinas says, because the saints’ bodies were dwelled in by God. The very parts of their bodies were the instruments, or “organs,” of God’s actions.

    The saints as “organs” of God: What a riveting image! God is so intimately present to his friends, the saints, that their very bodies are sanctified by his presence. Those hands, now dead and desiccated, performed God’s own actions as they cared for the sick, fed the hungry, celebrated Mass and reconciled the lost sheep.

    According to Aquinas, honoring saints’ relics is ultimately about honoring this divine activity, a superhuman love working through ordinary human beings. But as he notes elsewhere, God is present in all of creation, working “most secretly” through all creatures at every moment. So by recognizing the special holiness of saints’ relics, Christians can better perceive the universal holiness that radiates through the whole created world.

    Cherished keepsakes

    Yet in discussing relics, Aquinas has some challenging things to say about what is perhaps their most immediate draw: the sense that when I see or touch a relic, I am physically present to a saint.

    Because the saints are brothers and sisters in the Christian family, he says, Christians should cherish their physical remains just as people cherish a memento of a loved one, like “a father’s coat or ring.”

    I did a double-take when I read this: A memento? Surely the saint’s body is more than that.

    Stained glass in St. Patrick Church in Columbus, Ohio, depicts a mystical vision St. Thomas Aquinas had in the 13th century.
    Nheyob/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA

    But Aquinas insists that physical remains really are more like mementos of the deceased than parts of them. When St. Teresa of Calcutta died, for instance, she left behind a corpse and a soul. These bodily remains shouldn’t be confused with the saint herself, who was a living, breathing, bodily person. If I kiss a saint’s relic, as Catholics often do, I am not kissing the saint but something that was formerly part of a saint. The word “relic” literally goes back to the Latin word for “leaving something behind.”

    The holiness of a relic, then, derives from the person it was once part of, not what it is now.

    Not just “once was,” though, but also “will be.” Aquinas adds – and to me this is one of the most beautiful aspects of his reflections on relics – that venerating a relic is also a way of looking forward to the future resurrection of the body. Christian doctrine teaches that at the end of time, God will restore each person’s body, reuniting it with their soul. Relics represent that hope for everlasting life.

    Later this year, the skull formerly known as Aquinas’ will wend its way back to its permanent place of rest, buried under the altar of the Dominican church in Toulouse, France. During its visit to the U.S., I was down with pneumonia and never got a chance to pay my respects. But I cherish the “third class” relic that my sister-in-law mailed me from Cincinnati: a holy card that she had touched to the skull’s reliquary.

    Therese Cory does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. St. Thomas Aquinas’ skull just went on tour − here’s what the medieval saint himself would have said about its veneration – https://theconversation.com/st-thomas-aquinas-skull-just-went-on-tour-heres-what-the-medieval-saint-himself-would-have-said-about-its-veneration-245970

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI: First Financial Northwest, Inc. Reports Net Income of $1.2 Million or $0.13 per Diluted Share for the Fourth Quarter and $1.1 Million or $0.12 per Diluted Share for the Year Ended December 31, 2024

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    RENTON, Wash., Jan. 28, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — First Financial Northwest, Inc. (the “Company”) (NASDAQ GS: FFNW), the holding company for First Financial Northwest Bank (the “Bank”), today reported net income for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, of $1.2 million, or $0.13 per diluted share, compared to a net loss of $608,000, or $(0.07) per diluted share, for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, and net income of $1.2 million, or $0.13 per diluted share, for the quarter ended December 31, 2023. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the Company reported net income of $1.1 million, or $0.12 per diluted share, compared to net income of $6.3 million, or $0.69 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2023.

    The improved performance in the current quarter compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2024, was due primarily to a $1.3 million recapture of provision for credit losses. This compares to a provision for credit losses of $1.6 million in the prior quarter that mainly related to two participation loans to a single borrowing entity totaling approximately $6.0 million, where we were not the lead lender. During the quarter ended December 31, 2024, one of the two loans was paid in full and the borrower paid down the balance on the other loan using proceeds from the sale of another property. Subsequently, we received an updated appraisal of the property securing the remaining loan that confirmed a value sufficient to support the recapture of the previously allocated specific reserve for this loan.

    “I am pleased to report that our net loans receivable increased $14.0 million in the quarter as our lending teams continue to focus on growing our loan portfolio. In addition, our credit quality remained strong, with only $842,000 in nonaccrual loans, representing 0.07% of our $1.16 billion total loan portfolio,” stated Joseph W. Kiley III, President and CEO.

    “We continue to prepare for the closing of the sale of the Bank to Global Federal Credit Union (“Global”), as we await the final required approval from Global’s primary regulator, the National Credit Union Administration, before we can proceed towards closing the transaction,” concluded Kiley.

    Highlights for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2024:

    • Net loans receivable totaled $1.14 billion at December 31, 2024, compared to $1.13 billion at September 30, 2024, and $1.18 billion at December 31, 2023.
    • Book value per common share was $17.50 at December 31, 2024, compared to $17.39 at September 30, 2024, and $17.61 at December 31, 2023.
    • The Bank’s Tier 1 leverage and total capital ratios were 11.2% and 16.7% at December 31, 2024, compared to 10.9% and 16.7% at September 30, 2024, and 10.2% and 16.2% at December 31, 2023, respectively.
    • Credit quality remained strong with nonaccrual loans totaling $842,000, or 0.07% of total loans at December 31, 2024.
    • A $1.3 million recapture of provision for credit losses was recorded in the current quarter, compared to a $1.6 million and no provision for credit losses recorded during the prior quarter and the same quarter a year ago, respectively. We recorded a $50,000 recapture of provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to a $208,000 recapture of provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2023.

    Deposits decreased $36.0 million to $1.13 billion at December 31, 2024, compared to $1.17 billion at September 30, 2024, and decreased $62.7 million compared to $1.19 billion at December 31, 2023. The decrease in deposits at December 31, 2024, compared to September 30, 2024, was due primarily to a $19.7 million decrease in noninterest-bearing demand deposits and a $15.5 million decrease in money market deposits. The decrease in deposits at December 31, 2024, from December 31, 2023, reflects declines in all deposit categories except for retail certificates of deposit which increased $91.8 million.

    Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances totaled $110.0 million at December 31, 2024, compared to $100.0 million at September 30, 2024, and $125.0 million at December 31, 2023. Of the total FHLB advances at December 31, 2024, $100.0 million were tied to cash flow hedge agreements under which the Bank pays a fixed rate and receives a variable rate in return to assist in the Bank’s interest rate risk management efforts. These cash flow hedge agreements had a weighted average remaining term of 27.8 months and a weighted average fixed interest rate of 1.93% as of December 31, 2024. The average cost of borrowings was 2.35% for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, compared to 3.19% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, and 2.40% for the quarter ended December 31, 2023.

    The following table presents a breakdown of our total deposits (unaudited):

      Dec 31,
    2024    		   Sep 30,
    2024    		   Dec 31,
    2023    		   Three
    Month
    Change    		   One
    Year
    Change
    Deposits: (Dollars in thousands)
    Noninterest-bearing demand $ 80,772   $ 100,466   $ 100,899   $ (19,694 )   $ (20,127 )
    Interest-bearing demand   56,957     55,506     56,968     1,451       (11 )
    Savings   16,277     17,031     18,886     (754 )     (2,609 )
    Money market   480,520     495,978     529,411     (15,458 )     (48,891 )
    Certificates of deposit, retail   448,974     447,474     357,153     1,500       91,821  
    Brokered deposits   47,900     50,900     130,790     (3,000 )     (82,890 )
    Total deposits $ 1,131,400   $ 1,167,355   $ 1,194,107   $ (35,955 )   $ (62,707 )

    The following tables present an analysis of total deposits by branch office (unaudited):

    December 31, 2024
      Noninterest-
    bearing
    demand    		 Interest-
    bearing
    demand    		 Savings Money
    market    		 Certificates
    of deposit,
    retail    		 Brokered
    deposits    		 Total
      (Dollars in thousands)
    King County              
    Renton $ 26,242 $ 14,786 $ 10,197 $ 284,670 $ 309,858 $ – $ 645,753
    Landing   3,245   1,359   170   7,958   14,965   –   27,697
    Woodinville   1,738   3,168   620   8,834   11,511   –   25,871
    Bothell   2,792   930   408   1,421   6,762   –   12,313
    Crossroads   11,075   2,762   86   29,208   18,772   –   61,903
    Kent   3,766   4,873   40   18,673   8,471   –   35,823
    Kirkland   5,524   1,924   208   11,574   1,855   –   21,085
    Issaquah   1,244   238   13   2,298   6,562   –   10,355
    Total King County   55,626   30,040   11,742   364,636   378,756   –   840,800
    Snohomish County              
    Mill Creek   3,184   3,496   342   16,135   12,487   –   35,644
    Edmonds   7,316   8,542   338   16,482   13,003   –   45,681
    Clearview   4,909   5,653   1,494   17,934   13,778   –   43,768
    Lake Stevens   3,633   5,946   1,314   24,571   17,004   –   52,468
    Smokey Point   2,544   1,800   1,032   36,950   9,619   –   51,945
    Total Snohomish County   21,586   25,437   4,520   112,072   65,891   –   229,506
    Pierce County              
    University Place   1,837   54   1   2,113   2,122   –   6,127
    Gig Harbor   1,723   1,426   14   1,699   2,205   –   7,067
    Total Pierce County   3,560   1,480   15   3,812   4,327   –   13,194
                   
    Brokered deposits   –   –   –   –   –   47,900   47,900
                   
    Total deposits $ 80,772 $          56,957 $         16,277 $      480,520 $       448,974 $         47,900 $    1,131,400
    September 30, 2024
      Noninterest-
    bearing
    demand    		 Interest-
    bearing
    demand    		 Savings Money
    market    		 Certificates
    of deposit,
    retail    		 Brokered
    deposits    		 Total
      (Dollars in thousands)
    King County               
    Renton $ 29,388 $ 14,153 $ 10,654 $ 305,836 $ 315,721 $ – $ 675,752
    Landing   3,442   1,660   237   8,348   12,733   –   26,420
    Woodinville   1,968   2,234   959   8,852   11,522   –   25,535
    Bothell   2,965   1,151   401   1,536   5,918   –   11,971
    Crossroads   14,770   2,039   107   31,665   18,136   –   66,717
    Kent   5,417   10,502   44   16,053   8,562   –   40,578
    Kirkland   10,967   1,890   206   11,243   2,240   –   26,546
    Issaquah   1,186   294   18   2,547   6,580   –   10,625
    Total King County   70,103   33,923   12,626   386,080   381,412   –   884,144
    Snohomish County              
    Mill Creek   3,990   2,171   384   14,628   10,312   –   31,485
    Edmonds   9,254   6,831   330   18,549   13,281   –   48,245
    Clearview   5,587   5,242   1,462   21,206   12,251   –   45,748
    Lake Stevens   3,970   4,282   1,244   23,257   15,571   –   48,324
    Smokey Point   2,994   1,664   969   29,353   11,387   –   46,367
    Total Snohomish County   25,795   20,190   4,389   106,993   62,802   –   220,169
    Pierce County              
    University Place   2,940   53   4   1,848   1,458   –   6,303
    Gig Harbor   1,628   1,340   12   1,057   1,802   –   5,839
    Total Pierce County   4,568   1,393   16   2,905   3,260   –   12,142
                   
    Brokered deposits   –   –   –   –   –   50,900   50,900
                   
    Total deposits $ 100,466 $ 55,506 $ 17,031 $ 495,978 $ 447,474 $ 50,900 $ 1,167,355
     

    Net loans receivable totaled $1.14 billion at December 31, 2024, compared to $1.13 billion at September 30, 2024, and $1.18 billion at December 31, 2023. The increase in the current quarter compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2024, was due to growth in non-residential commercial real estate, construction/land, consumer and one-to-four family residential loans, partially offset by declines in multifamily and business lending. The average balance of net loans receivable totaled $1.13 billion for both the quarters ended December 31, 2024, and September 30, 2024, compared to $1.17 billion for the quarter ended December 31, 2023. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the average balance of net loans receivable was $1.14 billion, compared to $1.17 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023.

    The allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) represented 1.30% of total loans receivable at December 31, 2024, compared to 1.42% of total loans receivable at September 30, 2024, and 1.28% at December 31, 2023. The change in the ACL at December 31, 2024, compared to September 30, 2024, related primarily to activity on the single lending relationship discussed above.

    Nonaccrual loans totaled $842,000 at December 31, 2024, compared to $853,000 at September 30, 2024, and $220,000 at December 31, 2023. There was no other real estate owned at December 31, 2024, September 30, 2024, or December 31, 2023.

    Net interest income totaled $8.4 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, compared to $8.5 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, and $9.3 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in the current quarter compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2024, was primarily due to declines in interest from earning assets, partially offset by declines in interest expense. For the year ended December 31, 2024, net interest income totaled $34.8 million, compared to $40.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as total interest expense increased by $5.0 million and total interest income declined by $800,000.

    Total interest income decreased $419,000 to $19.0 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, compared to $19.4 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, and decreased $1.3 million compared to $20.3 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in total interest income during the current quarter compared to the prior quarter was primarily due to a $250,000 or 29.0% decline in interest income earned on interest-earning deposits held with banks. This decline resulted from a 54 basis point decrease in the average yield earned on these deposits, coupled with a $13.6 million reduction in their average balance. Additionally, interest income on loans, including fees, declined by $146,000 or 0.9%, primarily due to a $2.5 million decrease in the average balance of loans and, to a lesser extent, a four basis point decrease in the yield earned on loans. The decrease in total interest income during the current quarter compared to the comparable quarter in 2023 was primarily due to declines in interest income on loans, including fees, of $631,000, investments of $449,000, and interest-earning deposits with banks of $267,000, partially offset by an increase in dividends on FHLB stock of $56,000.

    Yield on loans, the largest component of our interest-earning assets, declined to 5.82% during the recent quarter, compared to 5.86% and 5.83% for the quarters ended September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. The yield on investment securities for the current quarter was 4.29%, down slightly from 4.30% last quarter and up from 4.11% a year ago.

    Total interest expense was $10.6 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, down from $11.0 million for both quarters ended September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023. The decrease from the quarter ended September 30, 2024, was due to lower interest expense related to FHLB advances and other borrowings, which declined due to a decline in the average balance of FHLB advances and other borrowings, partially offset by higher interest expense on deposits driven by an increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposits. The decrease from the quarter ended December 31, 2023, was due to lower interest expense on deposits and FHLB advances and other borrowings, primarily as a result of lower average balances of these liabilities.

    Net interest margin was 2.50% for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2.46% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, and 2.54% for the quarter ended December 31, 2023. The increase in the net interest margin for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, compared to the prior quarter was primarily due to a decline in the average balance of total interest-earning assets, as net interest income was relatively unchanged during the periods. The decrease in the net interest margin for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, compared to the same quarter a year ago was primarily due to a decline in net interest income, which was partially offset by a decline in the average balance of total interest-earning assets. The net interest margin for the month of December 2024 was 2.55%.

    Noninterest income for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, totaled $658,000, down from $677,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, and up from $633,000 for the quarter ended December 31, 2023. The decrease compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2024, was primarily due to lower loan and deposit related fees and BOLI income, partially offset by an increase in wealth management revenue. Noninterest income remained nearly flat at $2.8 million for both the years ended December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, as increases in BOLI income, wealth management revenue and loan related fees in the current year were nearly entirely offset by decreases in deposit related fees and other noninterest income.

    Noninterest expense totaled $8.9 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, compared to $8.5 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, and $8.4 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2023. The increase from the quarter ended September 30, 2024, was primarily due to a $860,000 increase in salaries and employee benefits due to 2025 merit increases implemented in December 2024, as well as year-end accruals related to incentive compensation, partially offset by decreases in nearly all other categories, most notably professional fees and other general and administrative expenses. Incentive compensation increased due to the project that modified certain loans that would have otherwise been ineligible for Global Federal Credit Union to hold on their balance sheet. The increase compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to a $644,000 increase in salaries and employee benefits and an $87,000 increase in data processing expenses, partially offset by decreases across other expense categories. Noninterest expense totaled $36.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $35.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The year-over-year increase was primarily due to an increase in professional fees, data processing and salaries and employee benefits, partially offset by lower marketing and other general and administrative expenses and regulatory assessments.

    First Financial Northwest, Inc. is the parent company of First Financial Northwest Bank; an FDIC insured Washington State-chartered commercial bank headquartered in Renton, Washington, serving the Puget Sound Region through 15 full-service banking offices. For additional information about us, please visit our website at ffnwb.com and click on the “Investor Relations” link at the bottom of the page.

    Forward-looking statements:

    When used in this press release and in other documents filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), in press releases or other public stockholder communications, or in oral statements made with the approval of an authorized executive officer, the words or phrases “believe,” “will,” “will likely result,” “are expected to,” “will continue,” “is anticipated,” “estimate,” “project,” “plans,” or similar expressions are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are not historical facts but instead represent management’s current expectations and forecasts regarding future events many of which are inherently uncertain and outside of our control. Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, assumptions and statements about, among other things, our pending transaction with Global Federal Credit Union (“Global”) whereby Global, pursuant to the definitive purchase and assumption agreement (the “P&A Agreement”), will acquire substantially all of the assets and assume substantially all of the liabilities of the Bank, expectations of the business environment in which we operate, projections of future performance or financial items, perceived opportunities in the market, potential future credit experience, and statements regarding our mission and vision. These forward-looking statements are based on current management expectations and may, therefore, involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ, possibly materially from those currently expected or projected in these forward-looking statements made by, or on behalf of, us and could negatively affect our operating and stock performance. Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, include, but are not limited to, the following: the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to the right of one or all of the parties to terminate the P&A Agreement; delays in completing the P&A Agreement; the failure to obtain necessary regulatory approvals or to satisfy any of the other conditions to the Global transaction, including the P&A Agreement, on a timely basis or at all; delays or other circumstances arising from the dissolution of the Bank and the Company following completion of the P&A Agreement; diversion of management’s attention from ongoing business operations and opportunities during the pending Global transaction; potential adverse reactions or changes to business or employee relationships, including those resulting from the announcement of the Global transaction; adverse impacts to economic conditions in our local market areas, other markets where the Company has lending relationships, or other aspects of the Company’s business operations or financial markets, including, without limitation, as a result of employment levels, labor shortages and the effects of inflation, a recession or slowed economic growth; changes in the interest rate environment, including increases or decreases in the Federal Reserve benchmark rate and duration at which such interest rate levels are maintained, which could adversely affect our revenues and expenses, the value of assets and obligations, and the availability and cost of capital and liquidity; the impact of inflation and the current and future monetary policies of the Federal Reserve in response thereto; the effects of any federal government shutdown; increased competitive pressures, including repricing and competitors’ pricing initiatives, and their impact on our market position, loan, and deposit products; legislative and regulatory changes; the impact of bank failures or adverse developments at other banks and related negative press about the banking industry in general on investor and depositor sentiment; disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events, failures or interruptions in, or attacks on, our information technology systems or on the third-party vendors who perform several of our critical processing functions; effects of critical accounting policies and judgments, including the use of estimates in determining the fair value of certain of our assets, which estimates may prove to be incorrect and result in significant declines in valuation; the potential effects of new tariffs or changes to existing trade policies that could affect economic activity or specific industry sectors; the effects of climate change, severe weather events, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics and other public health crises, acts of war or terrorism, civil unrest and other external events on our business; and other factors described in the Company’s latest Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other reports filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission – that are available on our website at www.ffnwb.com and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

    Any of the forward-looking statements that we make in this Press Release and in the other public statements are based upon management’s beliefs and assumptions at the time they are made and may turn out to be wrong because of the inaccurate assumptions we might make, because of the factors illustrated above or because of other factors that we cannot foresee. Therefore, these factors should be considered in evaluating the forward-looking statements, and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. We do not undertake and specifically disclaim any obligation to revise any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

    FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
     Consolidated Balance Sheets
    (Dollars in thousands)
    (Unaudited)
    Assets Dec 31,
    2024    		   Sep 30,
    2024    		   Dec 31,
    2023    		   Three
    Month
    Change    		   One
    Year
    Change
                       
    Cash on hand and in banks $ 9,535     $ 8,423     $ 8,391     13.2 %   13.6 %
    Interest-earning deposits with banks   36,182       72,884       22,138     (50.4 )   63.4  
    Investments available-for-sale, at fair value   151,642       156,609       207,915     (3.2 )   (27.1 )
    Investments held-to-maturity, at amortized cost   2,468       2,462       2,456     0.2     0.5  
    Loans receivable, net of allowance of $15,066, $16,265 and $15,306, respectively   1,140,186       1,126,146       1,175,925     1.2     (3.0 )
    Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock, at cost   5,853       5,403       6,527     8.3     (10.3 )
    Accrued interest receivable   6,108       6,638       7,359     (8.0 )   (17.0 )
    Deferred tax assets, net   2,582       2,690       2,648     (4.0 )   (2.5 )
    Premises and equipment, net   18,166       18,584       19,667     (2.2 )   (7.6 )
    Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”), net   38,950       38,661       37,653     0.7     3.4  
    Prepaid expenses and other assets   9,676       8,898       10,478     8.7     (7.7 )
    Right of use asset (“ROU”), net   2,357       2,473       2,617     (4.7 )   (9.9 )
    Goodwill   889       889       889     0.0     0.0  
    Core deposit intangible, net   295       326       419     (9.5 )   (29.6 )
    Total assets $ 1,424,889     $ 1,451,086     $ 1,505,082     (1.8 )   (5.3 )
                       
    Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity                  
                       
    Deposits                  
    Noninterest-bearing deposits $ 80,772     $ 100,466     $ 100,899     (19.6 )   (19.9 )
    Interest-bearing deposits   1,050,628       1,066,889       1,093,208     (1.5 )   (3.9 )
    Total deposits   1,131,400       1,167,355       1,194,107     (3.1 )   (5.3 )
    FHLB advances   110,000       100,000       125,000     10.0     (12.0 )
    Advance payments from borrowers for taxes and insurance   2,873       5,211       2,952     (44.9 )   (2.7 )
    Lease liability, net   2,550       2,673       2,806     (4.6 )   (9.1 )
    Accrued interest payable   526       294       2,739     78.9     (80.8 )
    Other liabilities   15,985       15,340       15,818     4.2     1.1  
    Total liabilities   1,263,334       1,290,873       1,343,422     (2.1 )   (6.0 )
                       
    Commitments and contingencies                  
                       
    Stockholders’ Equity                  
    Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized 10,000,000 shares; no shares issued or outstanding   –       –       –     n/a     n/a  
    Common stock, $0.01 par value; authorized 90,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 9,230,010 shares at December 31, 2024, 9,213,969 shares at September 30, 2024, and 9,179,510 shares at December 31, 2023   93       92       92     1.1     1.1  
    Additional paid-in capital   72,823       72,916       73,035     (0.1 )   (0.3 )
    Retained earnings   94,892       93,692       96,206     1.3     (1.4 )
    Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax   (6,253 )     (6,487 )     (7,673 )   (3.6 )   (18.5 )
    Total stockholders’ equity   161,555       160,213       161,660     0.8     (0.1 )
    Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 1,424,889     $ 1,451,086     $ 1,505,082     (1.8 )%   (5.3 )%
     
    FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
     Consolidated Income Statements
    (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
    (Unaudited)
      Quarter Ended        
      Dec 31,
    2024    		   Sep 30,
    2024    		   Dec 31,
    2023    		   Three
    Month
    Change    		   One
    Year
    Change
    Interest income                  
    Loans, including fees $ 16,512     $ 16,658     $ 17,143   (0.9 )%   (3.7 )%
    Investments   1,694       1,744       2,143   (2.9 )   (21.0 )
    Interest-earning deposits with banks   613       863       880   (29.0 )   (30.3 )
    Dividends on FHLB Stock   177       150       121   18.0     46.3  
    Total interest income   18,996       19,415       20,287   (2.2 )   (6.4 )
    Interest expense                  
    Deposits   9,956       9,748       10,281   2.1     (3.2 )
    FHLB advances and other borrowings   600       1,213       731   (50.5 )   (17.9 )
    Total interest expense   10,556       10,961       11,012   (3.7 )   (4.1 )
    Net interest income   8,440       8,454       9,275   (0.2 )   (9.0 )
    (Recapture of provision) provision for credit losses   (1,250 )     1,575       –   (179.4 )   n/a  
    Net interest income after (recapture of provision) provision for credit losses   9,690       6,879       9,275   40.9     4.5  
                       
    Noninterest income                  
    BOLI income   289       295       255   (2.0 )   13.3  
    Wealth management revenue   88       42       60   109.5     46.7  
    Deposit related fees   226       236       234   (4.2 )   (3.4 )
    Loan related fees   44       96       60   (54.2 )   (26.7 )
    Other   11       8       24   37.5     (54.2 )
    Total noninterest income   658       677       633   (2.8 )   3.9  
                       
    Noninterest expense                  
    Salaries and employee benefits   5,466       4,606       4,822   18.7     13.4  
    Occupancy and equipment   1,154       1,183       1,231   (2.5 )   (6.3 )
    Professional fees   377       585       431   (35.6 )   (12.5 )
    Data processing   805       838       718   (3.9 )   12.1  
    Regulatory assessments   160       165       196   (3.0 )   (18.4 )
    Insurance and bond premiums   114       113       113   0.9     0.9  
    Marketing   24       46       70   (47.8 )   (65.7 )
    Other general and administrative   834       952       858   (12.4 )   (2.8 )
    Total noninterest expense   8,934       8,488       8,439   5.3     5.9  
    Income before federal income tax provision (benefit)   1,414       (932 )     1,469   (251.7 )   (3.7 )
    Federal income tax provision (benefit)   214       (324 )     275   (166.0 )   (22.2 )
    Net income (loss) $ 1,200     $ (608 )   $ 1,194   (297.4 )%   0.5 %
                       
    Basic earnings (loss) per share $ 0.13     $ (0.07 )   $ 0.13        
    Diluted earnings (loss) per share $ 0.13     $ (0.07 )   $ 0.13        
    Weighted average number of common shares outstanding   9,220,593       9,190,146       9,151,892        
    Weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding   9,238,565       9,190,146       9,176,724        
                                 
    FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
     Consolidated Income Statements
    (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
    (Unaudited)
      Year Ended December 31,    
        2024       2023     One Year
    Change
    Interest income          
    Loans, including fees $ 66,941     $ 66,938     0.0 %
    Investments   7,388       8,474     (12.8 )
    Interest-earning deposits with banks   2,444       2,261     8.1  
    Dividends on FHLB Stock   597       485     23.1  
    Total interest income   77,370       78,158     (1.0 )
    Interest expense          
    Deposits   39,117       34,407     13.7  
    FHLB advances and other borrowings   3,490       3,208     8.8  
    Total interest expense   42,607       37,615     13.3  
    Net interest income   34,763       40,543     (14.3 )
    Recapture of provision for credit losses   (50 )     (208 )   (76.0 )
    Net interest income after recapture of provision for credit losses   34,813       40,751     (14.6 )
               
    Noninterest income          
    BOLI   1,245       1,081     15.2  
    Wealth management revenue   279       253     10.3  
    Deposit accounts related fees   923       956     (3.5 )
    Loan related fees   296       275     7.6  
    Other   53       208     (74.5 )
    Total noninterest income   2,796       2,773     0.8  
               
    Noninterest expense          
    Salaries and employee benefits   20,652       20,366     1.4  
    Occupancy and equipment   4,789       4,748     0.9  
    Professional fees   3,011       2,288     31.6  
    Data processing   3,285       2,857     15.0  
    Regulatory assessments   662       763     (13.2 )
    Insurance and bond premiums   477       468     1.9  
    Marketing   179       343     (47.8 )
    Other general and administrative   3,638       3,833     (5.1 )
    Total noninterest expense   36,693       35,666     2.9  
    Income before federal income tax (benefit) provision   916       7,858     (88.3 )
    Federal income tax (benefit) provision   (156 )     1,553     (110.0 )
    Net income $ 1,072     $ 6,305     (83.0 )%
               
    Basic earnings per share $ 0.12     $ 0.69      
    Diluted earnings per share $ 0.12     $ 0.69      
    Weighted average number of common shares outstanding   9,183,900       9,126,209      
    Weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding   9,238,016       9,152,617      
                       

    The following table presents a breakdown of the loan portfolio (unaudited):

      December 31, 2024 September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023
      Amount   Percent   Amount   Percent   Amount   Percent
      (Dollars in thousands)
    Commercial real estate:                      
    Residential:                      
    Multifamily $ 126,303     10.9 %   $ 132,811     11.6 %   $ 138,149     11.6 %
    Total multifamily residential   126,303     10.9       132,811     11.6       138,149     11.6  
                           
    Non-residential:                      
    Retail   110,787     9.6       118,840     10.4       124,172     10.4  
    Office   73,306     6.3       73,778     6.5       72,778     6.1  
    Hotel / motel   72,434     6.3       54,716     4.8       63,597     5.3  
    Storage   32,229     2.8       32,443     2.8       33,033     2.8  
    Mobile home park   22,701     2.0       22,443     2.0       21,701     1.8  
    Warehouse   23,363     2.0       18,743     1.6       19,218     1.6  
    Nursing Home   9,713     0.8       11,407     1.0       11,610     1.0  
    Other non-residential   29,865     2.5       30,719     2.7       31,750     2.6  
    Total non-residential   374,398     32.3       363,089     31.8       377,859     31.6  
                           
    Construction/land:                      
    One-to-four family residential   49,674     4.3       42,846     3.8       47,149     4.0  
    Multifamily   7,884     0.7       7,227     0.6       4,004     0.3  
    Land development   9,582     0.8       10,148     0.8       9,771     0.8  
    Total construction/land   67,140     5.8       60,221     5.2       60,924     5.1  
                           
    One-to-four family residential:                      
    Permanent owner occupied   284,650     24.7       279,744     24.5       284,471     23.9  
    Permanent non-owner occupied   217,420     18.8       221,127     19.4       228,752     19.2  
    Total one-to-four family residential   502,070     43.5       500,871     43.9       513,223     43.1  
                           
    Business                      
    Aircraft   –     0.0       –     0.0       1,945     0.1  
    Small Business Administration (“SBA”)   1,729     0.2       1,745     0.2       1,794     0.3  
    Paycheck Protection Plan (“PPP”)   159     0.0       238     0.0       473     0.0  
    Other business   10,247     0.9       12,416     1.1       24,869     2.1  
    Total business   12,135     1.1       14,399     1.3       29,081     2.5  
                           
    Consumer                      
    Classic, collectible and other auto   59,580     5.2       58,085     5.1       58,618     5.0  
    Other consumer   13,626     1.2       12,935     1.1       13,377     1.1  
    Total consumer   73,206     6.4       71,020     6.2       71,995     6.1  
    Total loans   1,155,252     100.0 %     1,142,411     100.0 %     1,191,231     100.0 %
    Less:                      
    ACL   15,066           16,265           15,306      
    Loans receivable, net $ 1,140,186         $ 1,126,146         $ 1,175,925      
                           
    Concentrations of credit: (1)                      
    Construction loans as % of total capital   40.5 %         36.8 %         38.3 %      
    Total non-owner occupied commercial
    real estate as % of total capital    		   300.8 %         296.2 %         316.8 %    

    (1) Concentrations of credit percentages are for First Financial Northwest Bank only using classifications in accordance with FDIC regulatory guidelines.

    FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
     Key Financial Measures
    (Unaudited)
      At or For the Quarter Ended
      Dec 31,   Sep 30,   Jun 30,   Mar 31,   Dec 31,
        2024       2024       2024       2024       2023  
      (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
    Performance Ratios: (1)                  
    Return on assets   0.33 %     (0.17 )%     0.43 %     (0.29 )%     0.31 %
    Return on equity   2.96       (1.50 )     3.88       (2.67 )     2.97  
    Dividend payout ratio   0.00       0.00       76.47       (108.33 )     100.00  
    Equity-to-assets ratio   11.34       11.04       11.10       10.91       10.74  
    Tangible equity ratio (2)   11.26       10.97       11.02       10.83       10.66  
    Net interest margin   2.50       2.46       2.66       2.55       2.54  
    Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities   116.51       116.46       117.01       116.40       115.84  
    Efficiency ratio   98.20       92.96       82.35       116.97       85.17  
    Noninterest expense as a percent of average total assets   2.49       2.32       2.21       3.05       2.18  
    Book value per common share $ 17.50     $ 17.39     $ 17.51     $ 17.46     $ 17.61  
    Tangible book value per share (2)   17.37       17.26       17.37       17.32       17.47  
                       
    Capital Ratios: (3)                  
    Tier 1 leverage ratio   11.16 %     10.86 %     10.91 %     10.41 %     10.18 %
    Common equity tier 1 capital ratio   15.40       15.43       15.39       14.98       14.90  
    Tier 1 capital ratio   15.40       15.43       15.39       14.98       14.90  
    Total capital ratio   16.65       16.68       16.64       16.24       16.15  
                       
    Asset Quality Ratios: (4)                  
    Nonaccrual loans as a percent of total loans   0.07 %     0.07 %     0.41 %     0.02 %     0.02 %
    Nonaccrual loans as a percent of total assets   0.06       0.06       0.32       0.01       0.01  
    ACL as a percent of total loans   1.30       1.42       1.29       1.30       1.28  
    Net charge-offs to average loans receivable, net   (0.00 )     0.00       0.00       0.00       0.00  
                       
    Allowance for Credit Losses:                  
    ACL – loans                  
    Beginning balance $ 16,265     $ 14,796     $ 14,996     $ 15,306     $ 15,306  
    (Recapture of provision) provision for credit losses   (1,200 )     1,500       (200 )     (300 )     –  
    Charge-offs   –       (31 )     –       (10 )     –  
    Recoveries   1       –       –       –       –  
    Ending balance $ 15,066     $ 16,265     $ 14,796     $ 14,996     $ 15,306  
                       
    Allowance for unfunded commitments                  
    Beginning balance $ 639     $ 564     $ 564     $ 439     $ 439  
    (Recapture of provision) provision for credit losses   (50 )     75       –       125       –  
    Ending balance $ 589     $ 639     $ 564     $ 564     $ 439  
                       
    (Recapture of provision) provision for credit losses                  
    ACL – loans $ (1,200 )   $ 1,500     $ (200 )   $ (300 )   $ –  
    Allowance for unfunded commitments   (50 )     75       –       125       –  
    Total $ (1,250 )   $ 1,575     $ (200 )   $ (175 )   $ –  

    (1) Performance ratios are calculated on an annualized basis.
    (2) Non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures at the end of this press release for a reconciliation to the nearest GAAP equivalents.
    (3) Capital ratios are for First Financial Northwest Bank only.
    (4) Loans are reported net of undisbursed funds.

    FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
     Key Financial Measures
    (Unaudited)
      At or For the Quarter Ended
      Dec 31,   Sep 30,   Jun 30,   Mar 31,   Dec 31,
        2024       2024       2024       2024       2023  
      (Dollars in thousands)
    Yields and Costs: (1)                  
    Yield on loans   5.82 %     5.86 %     5.93 %     5.88 %     5.83 %
    Yield on investments   4.29       4.30       4.38       4.11       4.11  
    Yield on interest-earning deposits   4.73       5.27       5.25       5.28       5.32  
    Yield on FHLB stock   12.87       7.73       8.63       7.79       7.29  
    Yield on interest-earning assets   5.63 %     5.66 %     5.73 %     5.62 %     5.56 %
                       
    Cost of interest-bearing deposits   3.77 %     3.80 %     3.71 %     3.69 %     3.62 %
    Cost of borrowings   2.35       3.19       2.64       2.65       2.40  
    Cost of interest-bearing liabilities   3.64 %     3.72 %     3.59 %     3.58 %     3.50 %
                       
    Cost of total deposits (2)   3.46 %     3.47 %     3.38 %     3.38 %     3.31 %
    Cost of funds (2)   3.37       3.44       3.30       3.31       3.23  
                       
    Average Balances:                  
    Loans $ 1,129,019     $ 1,131,473     $ 1,139,017     $ 1,160,156     $ 1,167,339  
    Investments   156,975       161,232       173,102       202,106       206,837  
    Interest-earning deposits   51,518       65,149       36,959       37,032       65,680  
    FHLB stock   5,471       7,719       6,714       6,554       6,584  
    Total interest-earning assets $ 1,342,983     $ 1,365,573     $ 1,355,792     $ 1,405,848     $ 1,446,440  
                       
    Interest-bearing deposits $ 1,051,201     $ 1,021,041     $ 1,029,608     $ 1,082,168     $ 1,127,690  
    Borrowings   101,522       151,478       129,126       125,604       120,978  
    Total interest-bearing liabilities   1,152,723       1,172,519       1,158,734       1,207,772       1,248,668  
    Noninterest-bearing deposits   93,331       96,003       101,196       99,173       102,869  
    Total deposits and borrowings $ 1,246,054     $ 1,268,522     $ 1,259,930     $ 1,306,945     $ 1,351,537  
                       
    Average assets $ 1,429,788     $ 1,453,431     $ 1,446,207     $ 1,495,753     $ 1,538,955  
    Average stockholders’ equity   161,093       161,569       161,057       161,823       159,659  

    (1) Yields and costs are annualized.
    (2) Includes noninterest-bearing deposits.
    (3) Includes total borrowings and deposits (including noninterest-bearing deposits).

    FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
     Key Financial Measures
    (Unaudited)
      At or For the Year Ended December 31,
        2024       2023       2022       2021       2020  
          (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)  
    Performance Ratios:                  
    Return on assets   0.07 %     0.41 %     0.91 %     0.86 %     0.63 %
    Return on equity   0.66       3.93       8.34       7.65       5.50  
    Dividend payout ratio   216.67       75.36       32.65       33.59       45.45  
    Equity-to-assets ratio   11.34       10.74       10.67       11.07       11.26  
    Tangible equity ratio (1)   11.26       10.66       10.58       10.97       11.15  
    Net interest margin   2.54       2.82       3.54       3.35       3.15  
    Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities   116.59       116.69       119.18       118.59       115.62  
    Efficiency ratio   97.69       82.34       69.04       68.32       72.39  
    Noninterest expense as a percent of average total assets   2.52       2.33       2.44       2.35       2.39  
    Book value per common share $ 17.50     $ 17.61     $ 17.57     $ 17.30     $ 16.05  
    Tangible book value per share (1)   17.37       17.47       17.41       17.13       15.88  
                       
    Capital Ratios: (2)                  
    Tier 1 leverage ratio   11.16 %     10.18 %     10.31 %     10.34 %     10.29 %
    Common equity tier 1 capital ratio   15.40       14.90       14.37       14.23       14.32  
    Tier 1 capital ratio   15.40       14.90       14.37       14.23       14.32  
    Total capital ratio   16.65       16.15       15.62       15.48       15.57  
                       
    Asset Quality Ratios: (3)                  
    Nonaccrual loans as a percent of total loans   0.07 %     0.02 %     0.02 %     0.00 %     0.19 %
    Nonaccrual loans as a percent of total assets   0.06       0.01       0.01       0.00       0.18  
    ACL as a percent of total loans   1.30       1.28       1.29       1.40       1.36  
    Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans receivable, net   0.00       0.00       0.00       (0.02 )     (0.00 )
                       
    ACL – loans                  
    Beginning balance $ 15,306     $ 15,227     $ 15,657     $ 15,174     $ 13,218  
    Beginning balance adjustment from adoption of Topic 326   –       500       –       –       –  
    (Recapture of provision) provision for credit losses   (200 )     (400 )     (400 )     300       1,900  
    Charge-offs   (41 )     (22 )     (37 )     –       (2 )
    Recoveries   1       1       7       183       58  
    Ending balance $ 15,066     $ 15,306     $ 15,227     $ 15,657     $ 15,174  
                       
    Allowance for unfunded commitments                  
    Beginning balance $ 439     $ 247     $ 281     $ 351     $ 428  
    Provision (recapture of provision) for credit losses   150       192       (34 )     (70 )     (77 )
    Ending balance $ 589     $ 439     $ 247     $ 281     $ 351  
                       
    (Recapture of provision) provision for credit losses                  
    ACL – loans $ (200 )   $ (400 )   $ (400 )   $ 300     $ 1,900  
    Allowance for unfunded commitments   150       192       (34 )     (70 )     (77 )
    Total $ (50 )   $ (208 )   $ (434 )   $ 230     $ 1,823  

    (1) Non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures at the end of this press release for a reconciliation to the nearest GAAP equivalents.
    (2) Capital ratios are for First Financial Northwest Bank only.
    (3) Loans are reported net of undisbursed funds.

    FIRST FINANCIAL NORTHWEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
     Key Financial Measures
    (Unaudited)
      At or For the Year Ended December 31,
        2024       2023       2022       2021       2020  
      (Dollars in thousands)
    Yields and Costs:                  
    Yield on loans   5.87 %     5.71 %     4.69 %     4.57 %     4.69 %
    Yield on investments   4.26       3.97       2.77       1.83       2.39  
    Yield on interest-earning deposits   5.12       5.06       1.28       0.12       0.21  
    Yield on FHLB stock   9.03       7.07       5.08       5.29       4.85  
    Yield on interest-earning assets   5.66 %     5.44 %     4.33 %     4.01 %     4.36 %
                       
    Cost of deposits   3.74 %     3.12 %     0.87 %     0.71 %     1.42 %
    Cost of borrowings   2.75       2.52       1.70       1.39       1.31  
    Cost of interest-bearing liabilities   3.63 %     3.05 %     0.95 %     0.78 %     1.41 %
                       
    Cost of interest-bearing deposits   3.42 %     2.83 %     0.77 %     0.64 %     1.32 %
    Cost of funds   3.35       2.80       0.86       0.71       1.32  
                       
    Average Balances:                  
    Loans $ 1,139,864     $ 1,172,569     $ 1,128,835     $ 1,098,772     $ 1,120,889  
    Investments   173,276       213,261       203,165       176,110       133,584  
    Interest-earning deposits   47,723       44,684       30,176       60,482       25,108  
    FHLB stock   6,614       6,857       6,256       6,271       6,600  
    Total interest-earning assets $ 1,367,477     $ 1,437,371     $ 1,368,432     $ 1,341,635     $ 1,286,181  
                       
    Interest-bearing deposits $ 1,045,950     $ 1,104,510     $ 1,034,351     $ 1,015,852     $ 987,069  
    Borrowings   126,931       127,263       113,890       115,466       125,392  
    Total interest-bearing liabilities   1,172,881       1,231,773       1,148,241       1,131,318       1,112,461  
    Noninterest-bearing deposits   97,411       109,795       125,166       112,484       75,388  
    Total deposits and borrowings $ 1,270,292     $ 1,341,568     $ 1,273,407     $ 1,243,802     $ 1,187,849  
                       
    Average assets $ 1,456,215     $ 1,529,511     $ 1,455,739     $ 1,421,476     $ 1,361,604  
    Average stockholders’ equity   161,385       160,428       158,685       160,041       155,587  

    Non-GAAP Financial Measures

    In addition to financial results presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) utilized in the United States, this earnings release contains non-GAAP financial measures that include tangible equity, tangible assets, tangible book value per share, and the tangible equity-to-assets ratio. The Company believes that these non-GAAP financial measures and ratios as presented are useful for both investors and management to understand the effects of goodwill and core deposit intangible, net and provides an alternative view of the Company’s performance over time and in comparison to the Company’s competitors. Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied and are not audited. They should not be considered in isolation and are not a substitute for other measures in this earnings release that are presented in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

    The following tables provide a reconciliation between the GAAP and non-GAAP measures:

      Quarter Ended
        Dec 31,
    2024    		       Sep 30,
    2024    		       Jun 30,
    2024    		       Mar 31,
    2024    		       Dec 31,
    2023    		  
      (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
    Tangible equity to tangible assets and tangible book value per share:  
    Total stockholders’ equity (GAAP) $ 161,555     $ 160,213     $ 160,693     $ 160,183     $ 161,660  
    Less:                  
    Goodwill   889       889       889       889       889  
    Core deposit intangible, net   295       326       357       388       419  
    Tangible equity (Non-GAAP) $ 160,371     $ 158,998     $ 159,447     $ 158,906     $ 160,352  
                       
    Total assets (GAAP) $ 1,424,889     $ 1,451,086     $ 1,447,753     $ 1,468,350     $ 1,505,082  
    Less:                  
    Goodwill   889       889       889       889       889  
    Core deposit intangible, net   295       326       357       388       419  
    Tangible assets (Non-GAAP) $ 1,423,705     $ 1,449,871     $ 1,446,507     $ 1,467,073     $ 1,503,774  
                       
    Common shares outstanding at period end   9,230,010       9,213,969       9,179,825       9,174,425       9,179,510  
                       
    Equity-to-assets ratio (GAAP)   11.34 %     11.04 %     11.10 %     10.91 %     10.74 %
    Tangible equity-to-tangible assets ratio (Non-GAAP)   11.26       10.97       11.02       10.83       10.66  
    Book value per common share (GAAP) $ 17.50     $ 17.39     $ 17.51     $ 17.46     $ 17.61  
    Tangible book value per share (Non-GAAP)   17.37       17.26       17.37       17.32       17.47  
                                           
    Non-GAAP Financial Measures (continued)
     
      Year Ended December 31,
        2024       2023       2022       2021       2020  
      (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
    Tangible equity to tangible assets and tangible book value per share:
    Total stockholders’ equity (GAAP) $ 161,555     $ 161,660     $ 160,360     $ 157,879     $ 156,302  
    Less:                  
    Goodwill   889       889       889       889       889  
    Core deposit intangible   295       419       548       684       824  
    Tangible equity (Non-GAAP) $ 160,371     $ 160,352     $ 158,923     $ 156,306     $ 154,589  
                       
    Total assets (GAAP)   1,424,889       1,505,082       1,502,916       1,426,329       1,387,669  
    Less:                  
    Goodwill   889       889       889       889       889  
        295       419       548       684       824  
    Tangible assets (Non-GAAP) $ 1,423,705     $ 1,503,774     $ 1,501,479     $ 1,424,756     $ 1,385,956  
                       
    Common shares outstanding at period end   9,230,010       9,179,510       9,127,595       9,125,759       9,736,875  
                       
    Equity-to-assets ratio (GAAP)   11.34 %     10.74 %     10.67 %     11.07 %     11.26 %
    Tangible equity ratio (Non-GAAP)   11.26       10.66       10.58       10.97       11.15  
    Book value per common share (GAAP) $ 17.50     $ 17.61     $ 17.57     $ 17.30     $ 16.05  
    Tangible book value per share (Non-GAAP)   17.37       17.47       17.41       17.13       15.88  

    For more information, contact:
    Joseph W. Kiley III, President and Chief Executive Officer
    Rich Jacobson, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
    (425) 255-4400

    The MIL Network –

  • MIL-OSI Europe: AFRICA/TANZANIA – Resignation and appointment of the Bishop of Iringa

    Source: Agenzia Fides – MIL OSI

    Tuesday, 28 January 2025

    Vatican City (Agenzia Fides) – The Holy Father has accepted the resignation from the pastoral care of the diocese of Iringa, Tanzania, presented by Bishop Tarcisius Ngalalekumtwa.The Holy Father has appointed the Reverend Romanus Elamu Mihali, of the clergy of Mafinga, until now episcopal vicar for the clergy of the diocese of Mafinga and parish priest of Ujewa, as bishop of Iringa, Tanzania.Msgr. Romanus Elamu Mihali was born on 10 June 1969 in Itulituli, Mufindi, and studied philosophy and theology at Peramiho Major Seminary in Songea.He was ordained a priest on 13 July 2000 for the clergy of Iringa.After ordination, he first served as deputy parish priest of Saint Paul the Apostle in Ilula, Iringa (2000-2003) and teacher and formator at Saint Kizito Minor Seminary in Mafinga (2003-2005). He carried out his studies for a degree in zoological sciences, a degree in natural sciences, and a bachelor’s degree in education at the University of Kerala, India (2005-2011), and went on to hold the roles of deputy parish priest of Virgin Mary of Fatima in Usomaki, Iringa (2012-2015) and parish priest of Virgin Mary of the Assumption in Ujewa, Iringa (2015-2024).After the erection of the diocese of Mafinga in 2024, he was incardinated in the new diocese.Since 2024 he has served as parish priest of Virgin Mary of the Assumption in Ujewa, Mafinga, episcopal vicar for the clergy, and secretary for health of the diocese of Mafinga. (EG) (Agenzia Fides, 28/1/2025)
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    MIL OSI Europe News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: A Mite-y Use of Electricity

    Source: US State of Connecticut

    Mites who hitchhike on the beaks of hummingbirds use a surprising method to help them on their journey: electricity.

    These hummingbird flower mites feed on nectar and live within specific flowers for their species. When it is time to seek out a new flower, they hitch a ride via hummingbirds, but for years researchers have not been sure exactly how these tiny, crawling arachnids quickly disembark at the right flower. Researchers, including Carlos Garcia-Robledo, associate professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, are closer to answering these questions, and they published their results in PNAS.

    Garcia-Robledo studies aspects of the evolutionary and life histories of organisms and how they respond to climate change, including this puzzling behavior.

    Illustration showing how electric charges help mites move between flowers via hummingbirds. The pluses and minuses show the nature of the electric charges. (Illustration courtesy of Marley Peifer)

    “When hummingbirds visit multiple flowers, you usually see the mites going down their beaks only when they touch the first flower,” says Garcia-Robledo. “I thought that was interesting and wondered why the mites were not going to the second or third flower.”

    For years, researchers have proposed that the mites use a smell signal, but after some experimentation to test this theory, Garcia-Robledo was not convinced.

    “I knew that it was not maybe the smell that played a major role in this because if you bring the mites to a laboratory, they don’t care much about smells of flowers and so on. I knew it had to be something else.”

    Then, after reading a story about research into how ticks are pulled onto clothing by static electricity, and a chance lunch meeting while working at the La Selva Research Station in Costa Rica, everything came together.

    “I was reminded of the weird observation about the mites, and I thought maybe something electrostatic was happening there,” he says. “These mites are so tiny that they live at another level of perception, so of course, even little electric fields are important for them. This could help explain the mystery of how they can be fast enough to hitchhike on this family of birds.”

    Just by chance, Garcia-Robledo was having lunch with friends and co-authors Konstantine Manser and Diego Dierick. Manser was at the time a Ph.D. student at the University of Bristol in the laboratory that produced the tick static research. Diego Dierick is a scientist at the Organization for Tropical Studies, and an electronics whiz collaborating in many projects at La Selva Research Station. Garcia-Robledo proposed they test his theory on the hitchhiking hummingbird flower mites.

    “Diego and Kosta said that it was super easy and that we should try. We built the devices the next day and brought the first mite from a flower to test it. We turned on the device, and instantaneously, they started to respond. That’s how we figured out that they were using static electricity,” says Garcia-Robledo.

    With that immediate success, the researchers were inspired to experiment further with a power source that only generated static electricity and test whether the mites were attracted to statics or the frequency that it was transmitting. They discovered that when the field was only static electricity, the mites did not respond, yet they did when the field was modulated.

    “The mites respond to the bouncing of a signal that is associated with the size, geometry, and vibration of the hummingbirds, which reach frequencies between 20 and 160 Hz,” Garcia-Robledo says.

    As the hummingbirds beat their wings, they generate a charge, and their bodies become supercharged. So, just like how you may get a small static shock after walking across a room and touching a door handle, the first flower seems to be the one where mites have the electric potential to embark or disembark quickly.

    In another experiment, Garcia-Robledo tested how the mites recognize very small positive electrical charges. He experimented with a very simple and effective device composed of a glass tube, and wire where the wire would be touched by either an aluminum or copper plate to generate a charge. The glass tube held the mite, and when the device was charged, the mites responded by running toward the positive pole at both higher and lower electrical fields, but only when it was transmitting a frequency of 120 Hz.

    “You just charge the little arena, and then instantaneously, the mite is attracted only if you have this little bounce of the signal, and they go to the positive charge even if you have these super tiny charges. The little bounce the second that you touch, it is enough for them to know where to go, and they just go,” says Garcia-Robledo.

    Each of the 19 mite species at La Selva is attracted to specific set of flowers, and they somehow know when they have arrived at the right flower and that it’s time to jump on or hop off their hummingbird shuttle.

    “We think that there may be some specificity in the electric signals or different charges for flowers,” says Garcia-Robledo. “That’s one possibility. We found that there is a structure in the front legs that they used to perceive these electric charges and frequencies. The next step is that we have many of these mites, and they have different structures, and different species of mites have different structures in their legs. Potentially, they can detect different frequencies.”

    Besides signaling when to get off, these electric charges help the mites quickly board their speedy chaperones. Just like the study looking at how ticks hitch a statically charged ride onto clothing, the mites are pulled up from the flower to the hummingbird beaks via the bird’s positive charge.

    “When the mites are attracted by that electric field, we found they are one of the fastest terrestrial organisms for a few milliseconds,” Garcia-Robledo says. “This is the most surprising thing because the mites were not just responding to electrostatics, they are responding to an actual signal generated by an organism. That was super surprising. This may be the first kind of like case where these organisms are using, at the same time, electricity to locate organisms that they are using for transportation, but also for transportation itself.”

    Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation, Dimensions of Biodiversity – 1737778 and Organismal Responses to Climate change – 2222328.

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI USA: Engineering Professor Earns Nation’s Highest Honor for Early-Career Scientists

    Source: US State of Connecticut

    On Jan. 14, UConn civil engineering Professor Arash E. Zaghi was among nearly 400 individuals honored by President Biden with the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE). This is the highest honor bestowed by the U.S. government on outstanding scientists and engineers who are in the early phases of their careers. Jill Wegrzyn, an associate professor in the UConn Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, also received this award.

    Established by President Clinton in 1996, PECASE recognizes scientists and engineers who show exceptional potential for leadership early in their research careers. The award recognizes innovative and far-reaching developments in science and technology. 

    Zaghi, who joined the UConn faculty in 2011, is a professor in the College of Engineering. At the beginning of his career, his research focused primarily on bridge design and resilience against earthquakes and other disasters.  

    But after his diagnosis with dyslexia and ADHD at age 32, he knew he wanted to get involved with supporting neurodiverse learners. Building on his own experience, Zaghi quickly identified a major problem with mainstream narratives of neurodiversity. 

    “My diagnosis opened my eyes to the unique strengths often overlooked in individuals like myself,” Zaghi says. “As I delved into the literature, I discovered mixed perspectives. Some studies suggest that people with ADHD tend to be more creative and willing to take risks. These are precisely the skills we need to address the complex, large-scale challenges of our time. This realization sparked my commitment to redefining neurodiversity as a strength and to creating environments where diverse ways of thinking are celebrated and harnessed for innovation.” 

    Now, Zaghi’s work specifically centers on countering the “deficit” model of neurodiversity, which focuses on the challenges neurodiverse students face in traditional learning environments and promoting the “strengths-based” model. Instead of regarding neurodiversity as a problem to be solved, this model encourages the view of neurodiversity as a unique strength. For example, research (including Zaghi’s own) has suggested that neurodiverse students tend to excel in areas such as creativity, pattern-recognition, and problem-solving. Many also demonstrate higher than average academic ability. 

    My diagnosis opened my eyes to the unique strengths often overlooked in individuals like myself.

    These are all the qualities, Zaghi thinks, that the fields of engineering – and science more broadly – should be embracing and actively recruiting. 

    The National Science Foundation (NSF) agrees. In 2017, Zaghi was awarded the prestigious NSF CAREER Award for his project “Promoting Engineering Innovation through Increased Neurodiversity by Encouraging the Participation of Students with ADHD.” In 2021, he followed it with an NSF Mid-Career Advancement award for a project using artificial intelligence to develop personalized assistive tools to enhance the participation of neurodiverse students in STEM education. 

    Zaghi’s latest honor, the PECASE, is another national recognition of the powerful potential of his work. It is the crowning jewel of a research career studded with similar accolades, most relating to promoting neurodiverse learning through a strengths-based approach. 

    “We are very proud of Prof. Arash Zaghi for winning this presidential award and for his pioneering research in supporting neurodiverse students to improve their learning outcome and future careers,” says JC Zhao, Dean of the UConn College of Engineering. “Arash’s research and outreach will shift the paradigm and also bring visibility to a generally misunderstood group of students who can be as successful as Arash himself.”

    Throughout this career, Zaghi has been able to steadily expand the breadth of his work in supporting neurodiverse education. His earliest projects in this realm had a very specific focus – for example, supporting students with ADHD in engineering.  

    Over time, and thanks to collaborations with other researchers at UConn and elsewhere, Zaghi’s focus was able to grow beyond engineering to include STEM as a whole. It has also grown to include other types of neurodiversity, like dyslexia and autism, and address different age groups, from K-12 learners to graduate students. 

    With UConn neuroscientist Fumiko Hoeft, Zaghi is co-PI on the TRANSdisciplinary Convergence in Educational Neuroscience Doctoral (TRANSCEND) training program, an interdisciplinary training program devoted to rethinking educational neuroscience. He is also the co-PI on the UConn INCLUDE project, which supports neurodiversity in the College of Engineering. 

    The recognition for his work as a champion of neurodiversity is gratifying, Zaghi says, but he can remember a time just ten years ago when the idea of a strengths-based approach was considered “so radical.” 

    When he submitted his first proposal to the NSF, Zaghi recalls, he was told, “This is so far out of the mainstream that I have no idea how the panel is going to react.” 

    “We were extremely fortunate that the NSF invested in us,” he says. “I think that’s a great story of how bold research pays off. The NSF is there to support high-risk, high-payoff research, and they supported that ‘crazy idea.’ Now, here we are – with the amount of visibility, I think we have substantially contributed to changing the narrative from a deficit perspective to a strengths-based one.” 

    MIL OSI USA News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: To the participants and guests of the XXXIII International Christmas Educational Readings

    Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

    Source: Government of the Russian Federation – An important disclaimer is at the bottom of this article.

    In 2025, the International Christmas Educational Readings will be held in Moscow from January 26 to 30.

    Your Holiness!

    Dear friends!

    Welcome to the XXXIII International Christmas Educational Readings.

    The forum is taking place in the year of the 80th anniversary of the Great Victory. And it is symbolic that its central theme is dedicated to this significant date.

    All these decades we have kept the memory of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. Of those who bravely fought at the front, worked in the rear, defeated fascism. The feat of our people today is the main moral guideline, helps to resist any external threats, defend national interests.

    Recently, there have been increasing calls to revise the results of World War II and to belittle the significance of the Great Victory. It is necessary to stop any attempts to distort the truth about those events. Do everything so that young people study the history of the Fatherland, know at what price the liberation of the Motherland was won in 1941-1945. Pay special attention to the spiritual, moral and patriotic education of the younger generation. At present, this work is being carried out with the active participation of the Russian Orthodox Church, religious organizations of other traditional faiths, and the public.

    I am confident that the recommendations and proposals prepared during your meeting will be put into practice and will serve to improve teaching activities.

    I wish the participants and guests of the XXXIII International Christmas Educational Readings fruitful work, interesting discussions and all the best.

    M. Mishustin

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Russia: GUU presented the “Course on Business and Entrepreneurship” at the conference of thematic partners of “Artek”

    Translartion. Region: Russians Fedetion –

    Source: State University of Management – Official website of the State –

    The IX International Conference of Thematic Partners “Artek at 100%” was held in the International Children’s Center “Artek”, in which representatives of the State University of Management with the program “Course for Business and Entrepreneurship” took part.

    The International Children’s Center “Artek” annually holds a competition for additional general development programs, and in the year of the 100th anniversary of “Artek”, which will be celebrated in 2025, this conference becomes a particularly important milestone in the history of the center, demonstrating its openness to cooperation.

    This year, the center plans to implement more than 170 programs with the participation of 130 partners, in all areas that exist in the Russian Federation. Within the framework of partner programs, Artek will be visited by more than 17 thousand children from 89 regions of our vast homeland, as well as from foreign countries. The “red thread” of the anniversary year will be the 80th anniversary of the Great Victory and the Year of the Defender of the Fatherland. Patriotic events will also be implemented jointly with partner organizations.

    It should be noted that for the second year in a row, the State University of Management has become the winner of the competition of additional general development programs. This time, on behalf of the State University of Management, the conference was attended by first-year master’s students in the Project Management program, Maria Larshina and Polina Ponikarovskaya, who are members of the project team of the Business and Entrepreneurship Course program. This program was developed on the initiative of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, and a large team of the best specialists from the State University of Management took part in its development.

    The International Conference of Thematic Partners “Artek at 100” was held from January 19 to 22. On the first day of the conference, plenary sessions were held dedicated to the activities of Artek, key events of 2025 and the role of partner organizations in creating meaningful programs and the educational environment of the Artek Information Technology Center.

    On the second day of the conference, the participants visited the Korsun Children’s Center, a branch of Artek in Sevastopol. Round tables were held there, as well as a ceremony to award certificates to the winners of the competition for additional general development programs. The winner’s certificate was presented to representatives of the State University of Management by the First Deputy Director of the Artek International Children’s Center, Elena Zhivoglyad. For the 100th anniversary of the International Children’s Center, a documentary film, Artek. 100 Years of Happy Childhood, was created together with the Media Glob team. The first viewers were thematic partners – participants of the IX International Conference.

    On the last day of the conference “Artek at 100%” a festival of creativity was held, where participants were able to exchange experiences, ideas and their skills. The event featured more than 40 platforms from thematic partners of “Artek”. The State University of Management organized a point “Entrepreneurial Puzzle”, where participants could test their ingenuity and knowledge, as well as learn more about the additional general development program “Course on Business and Entrepreneurship”.

    Let us add that the additional general development program “Course on Business and Entrepreneurship” is aimed at training qualified personnel for medium and small businesses by involving teenagers and young people. Its goal: to develop entrepreneurship competencies in students by means of interactive forms of training, project and game technologies. The main events of the program include: practical classes, conversations, discussions, project work in groups, business and role-playing games, quizzes.

    Over the course of three days, representatives of partner organizations, together with Artek employees, developed mechanisms for integrating thematic programs into the educational process of the children’s center, discussed the regulatory framework for the partners’ activities, information and methodological support for the educational process, and much more.

    Subscribe to the TG channel “Our GUU” Date of publication: 01/28/2025

    Please note: This information is raw content directly from the source of the information. It is exactly what the source states and does not reflect the position of MIL-OSI or its clients.

    MIL OSI Russia News –

  • MIL-OSI Europe: OSCE PCUz supports the seventh edition of the “Open Data Challenge” hackathon

    Source: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe – OSCE

    Headline: OSCE PCUz supports the seventh edition of the “Open Data Challenge” hackathon

    Contestants and organizers of the seventh “Open Data Challenge” hackathon. (OSCE/IT Park Uzbekistan) Photo details

    From 24 to 26 January, IT enthusiasts gathered at the New Uzbekistan University in Tashkent for the seventh edition of the “Open Data Challenge” hackathon.
    This annual competition was organized by the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan (PCUz) together with IT-Park Uzbekistan and the Statistics Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
    More than 150 young people gathered in teams and competed to develop technological solutions based on the data opened by public authorities. Out of 60 registered teams, 8 made it to the final, with the top three teams producing projects ranging from a platform designed to analyze tenders from the open data platform etender.uzex.uz, a startup that uses artificial intelligence for people with disabilities and a chatbot for analyzing data in real time using open data.
    This popular event offers a unique opportunity to further demonstrate the practical relevance and applicability of open data while engaging youth in proposing solutions to current challenges.
    Open data plays an important role in the monitoring and evaluation of state bodies’ activities. In addition to strengthening public control and its anti-corruption component, the publication of data has a direct economic impact and a hugely untapped social potential.
    Through the development of new services and products that offer responses to known problems or gaps, new jobs are created, and the IT community is strengthened.
    Taking into account the multifaceted aspect of data, the development of an open data ecosystem in Uzbekistan is an integral part of the PCUz’ activities to promote economic development, as well as good governance.

    MIL OSI Europe News –

  • MIL-OSI Africa: The African Research and Innovation Hub @ Intra-African Trade Fair (IATF) launched to utilise academia in advancing understanding of intra-African trade

    Source: Africa Press Organisation – English (2) – Report:

    CAIRO, Egypt, January 28, 2025/APO Group/ —

    • University lecturers, students, and researchers affiliated with National Research Institutions invited to participate and showcase their publications and prototypes at IATF2025.  

    Afreximbank (www.Afreximbank.com), in collaboration with African Union Commission and AfCFTA Secretariat, is excited to launch its new initiative the “African Research and Innovation Hub @IATF”, during the 4th Intra-African Trade Fair (IATF2025). The key objective is to boost academic research output and increase collaboration between academia, industry, and policy makers across Africa in the bid to drive forward intra-African trade and industrialisation. 

    The platform aims to provide an opportunity for African, Caribbean and Diaspora lecturers, students, and researchers to showcase innovative research and prototypes that contribute towards intra-African trade and industrialisation. It also seeks to develop industry collaborations and exchange knowledge with leading professionals in the field during IATF2025 in Algiers, Algeria from September 4-10, 2025. 

    The African Research and Innovation Hub @IATF aims to promote and commercialise African research and innovation. It also acknowledges that there are many talented and creative Africans across Africa, the Caribbean and the Diaspora, who have brilliant ideas, concepts, publications and prototypes but lack the relevant support required to help them nurture their ideas and commercialise them. 

    The platform provides access to more comprehensive information, relevant data, and literature whilst exposing national researchers to potential investors or venture capitalists who could assist with commercialising their research output and prototypes.  

    A key objective of the Hub is to encourage innovation and entrepreneurship among lecturers and students by connecting them to trade exhibitions, start-up pitches, and networking opportunities with business leaders, potentially leading to new start-ups and increased academic-industry collaborations. It also provides opportunities for networking and potential collaboration with others in academia and practitioners across the continent, research institutions, industry, and policymakers.  

    Researchers, academics and university students are provided with access to information on emerging issues in the field of intra-African trade and can incorporate these into their research programs and academic curricula. Lastly, it enhances the capacity of lecturers and students in understanding and teaching the complexities of trade policies, trade standards, regional economic communities, the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and industrialisation. 

    The hub aims to support the broader objectives of enhancing intra-African trade, fostering economic development, and building a connected, informed, and empowered next generation of African trade and investment leaders across all fields.  This hub will allow students to exhibit their prototype inventions and published research papers on select topics, which are expected to adhere to world-class standards.  

    Mrs. Kanayo Awani, Executive Vice President Intra-African Trade and Export Development at Afreximbank said: “IATF2025 is an important moment for African research and innovation, bringing together the brightest minds from universities and research institutions to contribute towards promoting intra-African trade and industrialisation. The African Research and Innovation Hub @IATF will serve as a groundbreaking platform for African, Caribbean and Diaspora lecturers, students, and researchers to demonstrate their capabilities, and connect with industry leaders, investors, and policymakers. This is more than an opportunity to display research; it’s a unique moment to shape the future of intra-African trade and industrialisation to drive economic growth across the continent.” 

    Entries will be judged by a panel consisting of distinguished trade experts, scholars, and industry leaders from across Africa. The panel will evaluate submissions based on innovation, relevance to African trade and industrialisation, and the potential for practical application.  

    Candidates should demonstrate a number of key criteria – including academic excellence and a passion for advancing research on intra-African trade, industrialisation, leadership and initiative in projects related to trade, industrialisation and innovation, and regional economic integration; high-quality research outputs or innovative prototypes aligned with IATF’s themes and a commitment to furthering knowledge and collaboration by sharing insights from the event with their academic institutions. 

    University Lecturers, University Students, and Researchers Affiliated with National Research Institutions from Africa, the Diaspora including the Caribbean are invited to submit their applications directly through this email: ARIH@intrafricantradefair.com by 28 March 2025, 23:59 GMT. 

    You can find out the eligibility criteria, application requirements and other details on the IATF2025 website: https://apo-opa.co/3EeHRvj

    MIL OSI Africa –

  • MIL-OSI Global: What are sleep retreats? A sleep scientist explains the latest wellness trend

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Jason Ellis, Professor of Sleep Science, Northumbria University, Newcastle

    Considering the effect of poor sleep on the individual as well as on society and the economy, it is hardly surprising sleep has become an intense area of research focus in recent years. Most recently we have seen an increase in the offering of and appetite for so-called sleep retreats. But what are sleep retreats and are they helpful?

    As with any specialised retreat, there is no set formula for what a sleep retreat should focus on. As such, the range of what is available is incredibly variable, from retreats that just focus on a sleep-friendly environment (a cool, dark, quiet and comfortable bedroom in a luxurious location) to ones specifically aimed at managing a specific sleep disorder, using evidence-based therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia.

    There are even ones that provide, among other things, a regimen of vitamins and minerals delivered intravenously. Most, however, fall somewhere between focusing on meditation, exercise and relaxation.

    Although there is good evidence that exercise, at the right intensity and duration, can be beneficial for sleep, it is unlikely that a lack of exercise alone causes poor sleep.

    Similarly, there is some, albeit poor quality, evidence that meditation and relaxation improve sleep quality. As such, it is unlikely that these treatments alone will fix a sleep problem.

    The main challenge is that sleep, as with diet or exercise, is just an overarching term for a complex behaviour, one that is influenced and can influence almost every area of a person’s life. For example, I am hearing a lot about supplementing with magnesium to aid sleep, but this is only likely to be beneficial if you are deficient in the first place.

    What to consider before you splash the cash

    So, should we approach the sleep retreat with caution? Not necessarily, it is more a case of doing your homework.

    First, who does the sleep retreat cater for, and what do you hope to get from the retreat? The busy executive who only allows themselves four hours of sleep a night will have very different expectations and experiences to a person who has undiagnosed sleep apnoea and sleeps for nine hours but wants to know why they are so sleepy during the day.

    This leads to the second consideration: what kind of pre-screening (for conditions that might be causing insomnia) and personalisation do they offer?

    Many retreats advertise an individual consultation as part of the package but don’t really say what that will cover (a sleep, medical and psychiatric history and lifestyle assessment should be done as a bare minimum. This is vital when we consider that while well-established, evidence-based treatments for a variety of sleep disturbances and disorders exist, they are not suitable for everyone.

    Also, there is a perception that non-pharmacological therapies, including nutraceuticals (products derived from food sources that said to have health benefits) and over-the-counter remedies (such as antihistamines, melatonin and valerian), don’t have side-effects, which is not necessarily the case.

    The final considerations are: who is delivering the retreat? And is what they are offering based on sound scientific evidence?

    Considering certification in sleep medicine is a hot topic in the sleep community at the moment, it is worth doing some research. For example, in the UK there is no pathway to becoming a sleep medicine specialist, consultant or coach. So who is leading the sleep retreat and is what they offering evidence-based?

    Jason Ellis has consulted to Kayak on Sleep Tourism.

    – ref. What are sleep retreats? A sleep scientist explains the latest wellness trend – https://theconversation.com/what-are-sleep-retreats-a-sleep-scientist-explains-the-latest-wellness-trend-247632

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: You don’t have to be a net zero hero – how focus on personal climate action can distract from systemic problems

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Sam Illingworth, Professor of Creative Pedagogies, Edinburgh Napier University

    Tint Media/Shutterstock

    Campaigns and social media often encourage people to make eco-friendly choices like using less plastic or driving less. While these actions are important, focusing so much on what people do can distract from the much larger role that businesses and governments play in causing and solving environmental problems.

    For example, some campaigns promote a “net zero hero” narrative that implies that people should take the lead in fighting climate change by changing their behaviour, recycling more, taking fewer flights or eating less meat.

    While personal actions can help, there’s a danger this way of thinking can put too much responsibility on consumers. These individual actions are not enough to solve the problem.

    By focusing so much on personal responsibility, we risk ignoring the systemic changes needed to address the climate crisis. These include switching to renewable energy on a large scale, enforcing strict industrial regulations and redesigning cities to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

    Without these bigger steps, taken by governments and large organisations, we can’t make real progress in tackling climate change.



    Read more:
    Quick climate dictionary: what actually is a carbon footprint?

    Energy companies and trade groups have been particularly good at shifting blame to consumers. They promote products and habits that claim to lower personal carbon footprints while lobbying against strong environmental laws that would require real emission cuts from industries.

    Fossil fuel companies have known about climate change science since the 1950s but funded misinformation campaigns to delay action and shift blame to individuals.

    Indeed, the carbon footprint calculator itself was developed in 2004 by a public relations firm working for BP. The tool encouraged individuals to calculate their personal impact on the environment, focusing on activities like driving, energy use, and diet.

    According to reports on the campaign’s origins, this approach was part of a deliberate strategy to shift public attention away from the significant environmental harm caused by corporations, particularly the fossil fuel industry.

    Despite this narrative, many corporations have failed to address their own emissions. A recent study found that only 60% of companies met their 2020 emissions targets, and 31% failed to report any outcomes.

    This lack of accountability highlights how many major companies neglect their responsibilities, raising serious concerns about their commitment to 2030 climate goals.

    These tactics maintain the status quo and creates a cycle of guilt and failure for consumers. Many people feel overwhelmed, leading to demotivation and even climate anxiety.

    Similar strategies have been used in other industries. For instance, the tobacco industry blamed smokers for health issues, focusing on personal choice while downplaying nicotine addiction and resisting health regulations.

    The real meaning of a carbon footprint.

    Shifting the focus

    In my research into climate communication, I see how stories of guilt resonate with communities already facing misplaced blame. For example, in workshops with groups affected by austerity, people often felt guilty for not helping others more.

    Over time, they realised this was due to failures in governance, not personal shortcomings. They saw a similar pattern in the climate crisis, learning to separate personal guilt from the larger roles of corporations and governments.

    Collective action will drive systemic change.
    John Gomez/Shutterstock

    As a climate researcher and communicator, my job is to help move the conversation from personal guilt to shared responsibility and accountability. This shift empowers people as citizens, not just consumers, to demand action from leaders and industries.

    Understanding that while personal responsibility is meaningful, the real power to create change lies with corporations and governments is vital. We need systemic change, not consumer guilt.

    To tackle the climate crisis, we must make personal choices that reflect care for the environment. But we must also work together to demand that companies and governments adopt sustainable practices, for example through voting for leaders who prioritise environmental reform. The path to a sustainable future is collective action – not carrying the weight of guilt alone.

    Don’t have time to read about climate change as much as you’d like?

    Get a weekly roundup in your inbox instead. Every Wednesday, The Conversation’s environment editor writes Imagine, a short email that goes a little deeper into just one climate issue. Join the 40,000+ readers who’ve subscribed so far.

    Sam Illingworth does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. You don’t have to be a net zero hero – how focus on personal climate action can distract from systemic problems – https://theconversation.com/you-dont-have-to-be-a-net-zero-hero-how-focus-on-personal-climate-action-can-distract-from-systemic-problems-248073

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Patrick Doyle’s five best film scores – including his pick of an undiscovered gem

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By David Scott, Head of Division, School of Business and Creative Industries, University of the West of Scotland

    Scottish musician Patrick Doyle is an acclaimed composer of over 60 feature film scores with many attendant accolades, honours and awards. I first met him in 2001 while making a now long-vanished series on movie music called Silverscreen Beats for BBC Radio.

    I visited him at his office on the Shepperton lot in Surrey. There, I watched, enchanted, as he flitted between desk and piano bringing his creativity to life with his incredible musicality and riotous humour illustrating scores like Carlito’s Way (1993), Sense and Sensibility (1995) and Gosford Park (2001).

    So years later, when the University of the West of Scotland (UWS) presented Doyle with an honorary doctorate, I wasted no time in asking him to visit and talk to our students. The film of that event is finally available online and is a treat for all fans of film music.

    I could pick 20 favourite Patrick Doyle soundtracks for this “best of” list. In the end, I selected these four and asked him to pick a fifth.

    1. Henry V (1989)

    Back in 2001, Doyle told me he loves to get the opportunity to compose a song for a movie soundtrack. Henry V, his first full-length feature score, includes one of the greatest examples, Non-Nobis Domine, sung after the key battle scene of Kenneth Branagh’s 1989 film.

    It builds from a plain opening verse, sung in the film by young Doyle himself who remembers, with a humorous twinkle, trying to sing it slightly “off key” to enhance its authenticity.

    Non-Nobis Domine in Henry V.

    From that simple introduction, the composer gradually adds choral, orchestral and complex harmonic elements, skilfully balancing the elation and darkness of triumph. And for all its harmonic counterpoint and rich orchestration, he never lets you forget that lonely central melody, doubling it down the octave on bowed double basses as it reaches the climax.

    The soundtrack recording, conducted by Simon Rattle with the Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, is a thing of wonder. But to truly understand the perfect marriage of story and music – even if orchestras and choirs did not typically boom across 15th-century battlefields – experience Non-Nobis Domine in the original movie.

    2. Brave (2012)

    The Scottish tradition is never far from Patrick’s music. Indeed, O! For a Muse of Fire, the opening theme from Henry V, uses a recognisably Scottish sound, two notes played quickly across a five note interval, as a key motif, expanding this in a melodic phrase that recalls the cries of seagulls.

    In Disney Pixar’s Brave (2012), Doyle brings an authentic voice to the imaginary Scotland of its central character, the indefatigable Merida. Her defiant exuberance is mirrored in the rhythm of pieces like The Games and Remember to Smile where the composer uses a traditional hand-held drum (the bodhran), bagpipes and fiddles, with the harmony instruments often playing in tight unison to rousing effect.

    Remember to Smile from the Brave score.

    If a key role of the movie soundtrack is to extend narrative or visual language, the effect wrought here is almost physical – to the extent that my own embarrassed grandchildren have had to restrain me from dancing on the couch during screenings of Brave.

    Elsewhere though, the slow mystery of a beautifully animated landscape is matched by atmospheric, languid passages that call on deep reserves of the tradition and its melancholy.

    3. Sense and Sensibility (1995)

    Patrick’s Catholic upbringing is another constant presence in his music. He was greatly influenced by the beautiful Irish melodic hymns which were imported to the west of Scotland. His soundtrack for Ang Lee’s Sense and Sensibility was nominated for a raft of music awards including the Baftas, the Oscars and Golden Globes.

    It has marvellous passages of yearning and almost devotional melody and harmony, but I include it selfishly for the hymnal Weep No More You Sad Fountains alone. It’s one of my very favourite melodies, and one I was privileged to hear him play at close quarters at UWS.

    The Dreame from Sense and Sensibility.

    This majestic piece can be heard on the original soundtrack, sung by English soprano Jane Eaglen, on Patrick’s 2015 album of solo piano pieces and, of course, during my interview with him. Perhaps less well known from the same film is The Dreame, another devotional piece, again sung by Eaglen and set to a Ben Johnson poem. Complex in conception and virtuosic in execution, the piece is nevertheless understated, underplayed, and more devastating for it.

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    4. Carlito’s Way (1993)

    Doyle’s hilarious and hugely affectionate account of working with one of cinema’s greats, the director Brian DePalma, is a highlight of the conversation I had with him at UWS. His insights range from the creation of the music, the larger-than-life DePalma himself and descriptions of giant cranes chucking down fake rain onto a Biblical-scale location shoot in New York.

    The music created for Carlito’s Way, DePalma’s crime classic starring Al Pacino, is dramatic and rangy, with passages of glacial orchestrated strings – the title theme is a highlight – sitting alongside solo piano, small jazz ensemble and interesting sonic juxtapositions.

    The Elevator from Carlitto’s Way.

    One piece, The Elevator, combines marimba, piano and plucked strings in unison against guiro and woodblocks. It establishes a theme that builds intensely, adding different instrumental colour towards the famous climax in Grand Central Station in New York. It is recognisably “movie music”, but tells its own melodic story.

    5. Doyle’s choice – Indochine (1993)

    When I asked Patrick to choose an “undiscovered gem for a new generation”, he quickly picked Indochine, the 1993 drama starring Catherine Deneuve. The movie won the Oscar for best foreign film in that year and the music is classic Doyle, melodic, rich in harmony and grand enough in orchestral scale to match the sumptuous visual language of the film.

    Premier Rendez-Vous from Indochine.

    That devotional, romantic sound is in full flow too. Pieces like Premier Rendez-Vous and Journey’s End are almost heady in conception and execution. Among the most distinctive themes in this hugely expansive work are also among the most distinctive pieces in Doyle’s own canon: two sure-footed tango and rumba pieces and the title theme itself with its unusual and atmospheric combination of ethereal wordless vocal, eastern bass drum, gong and finger bells. Essential.

    David Scott does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Patrick Doyle’s five best film scores – including his pick of an undiscovered gem – https://theconversation.com/patrick-doyles-five-best-film-scores-including-his-pick-of-an-undiscovered-gem-247132

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI Global: Trump pulls out of WHO and Paris – how did international bodies get through deglobalisation last time around?

    Source: The Conversation – UK – By Perri 6, Emeritus Professor of Public Management, Queen Mary University of London

    Donald Trump has ordered the US to leave the World Health Organization. Skorzewiak / Shutterstock

    Following Donald Trump’s return to the White House, much attention has been given to his plans for tariffs on imported goods, deportations of illegal migrants, and cuts to federal government spending. Fewer column inches have addressed the implications of his presidency for global regulatory bodies.

    Just as he did during his first term, Trump has announced the withdrawal of the US from the World Health Organization (WHO) and from the Paris climate accords.

    And because his tariffs programme will challenge World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, Trump is likely to continue the US policy of stymieing the WTO’s appellate body, which adjudicates on trade disputes between states. US withdrawals from other international regulatory bodies are also possible.

    Each of the bodies from which Trump withdrew last time around survived. However, threats to global regulatory bodies today could be greater than they were during Trump’s first term.

    In the US and beyond, deglobalisation has so far been evident only in state policies, and not in trade flows. China, for example, has set up and now dominates several regional investment and trade organisations to provide alternatives to the International Monetary Fund and World Bank.

    However, tariff retaliation and bloc-based regulatory standards could soon turn “slowbalisation” – a trend whereby political support for open trade has gradually weakened and the rate of growth in world trade has slowed – into trade deglobalisation.

    We have been here before. The 1930s were characterised by high tariffs, breakup of trade into blocs, and withdrawals and expulsions of major powers from global bodies. In the 1940s, which saw the breakout of the second world war, trade was conducted almost exclusively among allies.

    Yet almost all international regulatory bodies survived during this period, albeit they were bruised and were able to achieve less as a result.

    Our study, which was published in 2021, distinguished pathways through which three distinct groups of global regulatory bodies either survived or else handed over their archives, networks and organisational capacity to their UN-era successors.

    Preserving rule sets

    One inter-war group of industry-specific global regulators oversaw capital-intensive and infrastructure-heavy international industries such as telecommunications and railways. This group included the International Telecommunications Union and a modest alphabet soup of closely cooperating railway bodies.

    In these fields, interconnection depended on common but frequently updated and adjusted rule sets for technology, accounting and routing management. They also required continuous statistical collections by international bureaus.

    Unable to agree major regulatory innovation after the global economic crisis began in 1931, these bodies reduced their focus to managing and maintaining their existing rule sets and information services.

    On the outbreak of war in Europe, their bureaus went into a phase of severely reduced activity, with many of their activities suspended. However, they continued to collect and publish statistics, maintained their networks within member states, and developed ambitious plans for peacetime.

    The International Telecommunications Union and the railway authorities resumed operations shortly after the end of hostilities with their rule sets intact.

    Individual brokering work

    A second cluster were generic bodies, responsible for the oversight of labour relations and aspects of capital flows. These are faster-moving fields than infrastructure-heavy industries. These bodies included the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Economic and Financial Organisation of the League of Nations (EFO).

    They provided expertise for negotiating agreements on particular problems. In the case of the ILO, this included conventions on working time, women’s working conditions, and forced labour. The EFO brokered financial support with strict conditions for Austria and Hungary, then new and struggling states which faced acute financial crises in the early 1920s.

    These organisations faced increasing difficulties during the deglobalisation of the 1930s. But they continued to provide bilaterally negotiated support for many countries. The ILO, for example, provided technical assistance to some south American governments on the design of social insurance schemes, while the EFO’s financial committee worked with central banks.

    Survival or bequest was secured by the brokering work of key individual leaders who were able to exploit fluid networks among states, firms and unions in global labour and capital debates.

    The EFO secured the transfer of key staff, networks and traditions to post-war bodies including the UN Economic and Social Council and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. And the ILO’s director-general, Edward Phelan, was crucial in negotiating with the US to relaunch the organisation with a new programme for the post-war era.

    New international clubs

    A third group of regulatory bodies was created precisely in response to the 1930s global economic crisis. These were international commodity unions for goods such as tin, rubber, tea and sugar.

    Most were publicly run cartels, often backed by the imperial blocs that dominated the fragmenting world trade system. Like many cartels, their cohesion was fragile. But many of those that were successfully established managed to survive the 1930s and the war that followed.

    Their survival depended less on the formal administrative organisation of the infrastructure bodies or the individual brokering work that sustained the capital and labour bodies. It was dependent more on their ability to draw upon club-like collective bonds both among major producing and exporting firms and among officials across key producer states and imperial authorities.

    Within the tightly bonded International Tin Committee, for example, a succession of agreements on prices, quotas and voting rights were settled. Despite initial US reluctance to see these international commodity unions continue into peacetime, President Harry Truman was persuaded of their temporary value for economic order during reconstruction.

    Some even continued until the 1970s, when they collapsed in that decade’s global economic turmoil. Freer markets then superseded intergovernmental cartels.

    Trump’s policies, as well as those of China, Russia and other major powers, may again endanger the roles of global regulatory bodies. But some will survive by focusing on the routine maintenance services provided by their bureaus, and some will empower individual leaders to negotiate their way to reinvention and survival.

    Others will pass their capacity to new agencies when deglobalisation eventually abates. And some new international bodies may emerge in response to conditions in industries most adversely affected by the changing terms of trade.

    Our work has led us to conclude that which strategy is chosen depends on two things. First, on the features of the field being regulated. And second on the informal social organisation within the international bodies and member states, which shapes how people can act and the skills they can sustain.

    It remains to be seen how informal social organisation in the WHO and climate treaty system will now evolve after US withdrawal.

    Eva Heims has received funding from the ESRC.

    Martha Prevezer and Perri 6 do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Trump pulls out of WHO and Paris – how did international bodies get through deglobalisation last time around? – https://theconversation.com/trump-pulls-out-of-who-and-paris-how-did-international-bodies-get-through-deglobalisation-last-time-around-247919

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: expert reaction to new AI Chatbot DeepSeek

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    Scientists comment on DeepSeek, a new AI Chatbot. 

    Prof Neil Lawrence, DeepMind Professor of Machine Learning at Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, said:

    “I think the progress is unsurprising, and I think it’s just the tip of the iceberg in terms of the type of innovation we can expect in these models. History shows that big firms struggle to innovate as they scale, and what we’ve seen from many of these big firms is a substitution of compute investment for the intellectual hard work. I’ve been suggesting that this has made the conditions ideal for a “Dreadnaught moment” where current technology is rapidly rendered redundant by new thinking. I don’t think DeepSeek is it, because the innovations deployed are relatively incremental, but it shows that we’re still in the age of the Newcomen engine, there’s plenty of space for budding James Watts to emerge, and that they are less likely to come from established players.”

    Comment provided by the SMC pilot for Ireland:

    Dr Deepak Padmanabhan, Senior Lecturer, School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, said:

    “DeepSeek is causing massive disruption in financial markets. Mainstream narratives contrast the technology with ChatGPT and illustrate the differences in technological aspects. The far more long-reaching effect it would have would not be technological, it would be political, for it could disrupt the paradigms entrenched in the tech industry in substantive ways. There could be several aspects:

    “Open-Source Software: DeepSeek’s code to train AI models is open source. This means that anybody can download the code and use it to develop their own AI. This is a significant step towards democratisation of AI. The open-source availability of code for an AI that competes well with contemporary commercial models is a significant change. Yet, if one is to download and run the code to develop their own AI, they would still need to have access to large datasets and tremendous computational power – but this is nevertheless a massive step forward.

    “Computational Power: AI has been noted to pose massive computational requirements over the past decade leading to corporate dominance in AI research [ https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade2420 ]. With massive compute requirements yielding well to monopolisation of the space, big tech, and the government funding landscape (that are in turn influenced by big tech) have shown limited interests in prioritising AI research towards reducing computational requirements. DeepSeek’s models have been noted to require far lesser computational requirements than today’s commercial models. This could potentially ignite new interest in reducing computational requirements for future AI, with positive effects towards environment.

    “No plans for Commercialisation: It has been highlighted that DeepSeek has no plans for commercialisation [ https://www.chinatalk.media/p/deepseek-ceo-interview-with-chinas ]. This makes it a very interesting development in that this marks a moment when a player with qualitatively different ideas enters a commercially-dominated space. This is a change against the prevailing trends – OpenAI was noted as moving to a full commercial model (from a partly non-profit model) in recent times. It may be interesting how commercial players respond to this challenge.

    “In other words, the entry of DeepSeek could potentially hasten a paradigm shift in AI and pose a real challenge to commercial dominance in the sector. It may be a little too far to see this as a pathway towards taking AI into public hands, but that’s the direction of travel that DeepSeek brings to the table.

    “Cheaper AI, Pervasive AI: One of the potential first effects would be cheaper consumer AI, and a fall in the profit margins within the tech sector. But it could also accelerate disruption by making AI pervasive, bringing more sectors and more jobs under threat.

    “Cautious Optimism: It may be tempting to hope that open-source AI would lead to effects similar to what was seen in the 1990s when the dominance of Microsoft’s windows was challenged very well by open-source Linux. Yet, AI is not just software and computational resources – there is data too. So, there are further hurdles to overcome. We could view this development with optimism, but we must be cautious. For example, the ethos of the open-source movement was diluted with corporate players substantively entering the system leading to what has been called a ‘Corporate dominance in Open Source Ecosystems’ [ https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3540250.3549117 ]. To develop, sustain and strengthen open-source ethos within AI would require many more developments in the same direction as DeepSeek.”

    Declared interests

    Prof Neil Lawrence: No conflicts.

    Dr Padmanabhan: None

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –