Category: Health

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Senior Salaries Review Body remit letter: 2026 to 2027

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments 2

    Correspondence

    Senior Salaries Review Body remit letter: 2026 to 2027

    Letter about the pay round for the financial year 2026 to 2027 from the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care to the Senior Salaries Review Body.

    Documents

    Details

    This letter to the Senior Salaries Review Body (SSRB) sets out the remit from the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) to the SSRB.

    It concerns the pay round for the financial year 2025 to 2026.

    Updates to this page

    Published 22 July 2025

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    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: NHS Pay Review Body remit letter: 2026 to 2027

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments 2

    Correspondence

    NHS Pay Review Body remit letter: 2026 to 2027

    Letter about the pay round for the financial year 2026 to 2027 from the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care to the NHS Pay Review Body (NHSPRB).

    Documents

    Details

    This letter to the Interim Chair of the NHS Pay Review Body (NHSPRB) sets out the remit from the Department of Health and Social Care to the NHSPRB.

    It concerns the pay round for the financial year 2026 to 2027.

    Updates to this page

    Published 22 July 2025

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    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: First report on babies born following pioneering licensed IVF technique to reduce the risk of mitochondrial diseases

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    The first published research findings from the Newcastle team on the children born following pioneering licensed IVF technique to reduce the risk of mitochondrial diseases.

    The research papers, published in New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) by the team based at Newcastle University and the Newcastle Fertility Centre at Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust describe the reproductive and clinical outcomes of pronuclear transfer treatments performed to date.

    In the absence of a cure for mitochondrial DNA diseases, attention has focussed on IVF-based technologies to reduce the risk of disease by limiting transmission of disease-causing mitochondrial DNA mutations from mother to child.

    The UK was the first country to approve laws to allow the use of the ground-breaking IVF-based mitochondrial donation technology, pronuclear transfer, in 2015. The technique is designed to reduce the risk of mitochondrial DNA disease in children born to women who carry high levels of disease-causing mitochondrial DNA mutations.

    Journalists came to this press briefing to hear from clinicians, scientists and embryologists caring for the mothers affected by mitochondrial disease about the first babies, the science, the methods and the data, and to ask their questions. 

    Speakers included:

    Professor Sir Doug Turnbull, Emeritus Professor of Neurology, Newcastle University

    Professor Mary Herbert, Professor of Reproductive Biology, Newcastle University and Monash University

    Professor Bobby McFarland, Director of the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders (Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust) and Professor of Paediatric Mitochondrial Medicine at Newcastle University

    Dr Louise Hyslop, Consultant Embryologist, Newcastle Fertility Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

    This Briefing was accompanied by an SMC Roundup of comments. 

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: expert reaction to study looking at estimates of brain ageing and the Covid pandemic

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    A study published in Nature Communications looks at brain ageing during the Covid-19 pandemic. 

    Dr Eugene Duff, Advanced Research Fellow in Informatics, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, said:

    “Mohammadi-Nejad and colleagues present a unique analysis of MRI data from the UK Biobank study to identify evidence for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic period – independent of the infection itself – on brain health and aging.  They were able to show that, even in the absence of COVID-19 infection, living through the pandemic was associated with accelerated aging of the brain, and could point to a variety of factors potentially contributing to this acceleration, such as sex and socio-demographic background.  With this approach, the authors were able to quantify more extensive brain health associations of the pandemic period than studies focusing purely on effects of the virus itself.  However, as an observational study it is not possible to fully exclude that factors unrelated to the pandemic could contribute to the observed acceleration. While the events of the pandemic were exceptional, this work demonstrates the stark effects that the conditions of an individual’s life may have on brain and cognitive health, and the value of careful dissection of the myriad of local and global factors contributing to these conditions.”

    Prof Masud Husain, Professor of Neurology & Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Oxford, said:

    “While this is a very carefully conducted analysis, we have to be cautious with interpretation.

    “The brain age difference between the two groups (as indexed by brain scanning) was on average only 5 months, and difference in cognitive performance between groups was only on the total time taken to complete one of the tests.  Is this really going to make a significant difference in everyday life?

    “Furthermore, the time between scans was much shorter in the people scanned before and after the pandemic, compared to those who had both scans before the pandemic. We therefore don’t know if brain aging would have recovered if more time elapsed.”

    Dr Maxime Taquet, Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, said:

    “This landmark brain imaging study suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic may have accelerated brain ageing in some people.  By comparing scans taken more than two years apart, researchers found that the average person’s brain appeared to age an extra 5.5 months for every year lived during the pandemic.  It is important to note that the majority of people showed brain ageing at the expected rate.  However, a higher-than-usual proportion showed striking increases in brain age of an extra 15 to 20 months per year.

    “Among those infected with COVID-19, the increased brain age correlated with lower scores in a test of thinking skills like attention and problem-solving.  This might help explain why some people who had COVID-19 have impaired cognition.

    “The findings raise important questions about the long-term neurological impact of the pandemic, whether due to infection itself or the broader psychological and social stress it caused.  The authors suggest that the observed brain ageing may reflect a biopsychosocial effect combining the impact of COVID-19 infection with the psychological and social stresses of the pandemic.  However, it is also possible that the observed association is primarily biological, driven largely by undetected infections.  An analysis by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation estimated that over 90% of the UK population may have been infected by the end of 2022, meaning that many participants classified as ‘uninfected’ might have had asymptomatic or undocumented cases.  This raises the possibility that viral exposure played a more central role in the study findings than assumed.

    “Another possibility is that the findings do not reflect a causal relationship and are due to a form of selection bias.  For instance, if individuals whose brains were ageing more slowly happened to be scanned sooner, and therefore before the pandemic, this could have contributed to the observed association despite the study’s efforts to rule out such confounding.

    “The study was well-designed and based on unique UK Biobank data with repeated brain scans.  The researchers also acknowledge limitations.  The sample excludes people with chronic illnesses such as diabetes and depression and the UK Biobank underrepresents the most socioeconomically deprived groups, the very populations in which the association between the pandemic and brain ageing was largest. This means the association in the general population could be even more pronounced.”

    ‘Accelerated brain ageing during the COVID19 pandemic’ by Ali-Reza Mohammadi-Nejad et al. was published in Nature Communications at 16:00 UK time on Tuesday 22 July 2025. 

    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61033-4

    Declared interests

    Dr Eugene Duff: “I have no conflicts of interest.”

    Prof Masud Husain: “I don’t have any conflict of interest.”

    Dr Maxime Taquet: “I do not have a conflict of interest.”

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI Analysis: How falling vaccination rates are fuelling the antibiotic resistance crisis

    Source: The Conversation – Canada – By Ruchika Gupta, Assistant Professor and Medical Microbiologist, Department of Pathobiology and Lab Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre and Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University

    Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest health threats we face today. It’s often blamed on the overuse of antibiotics, and for a good reason. But there’s another major factor quietly driving this crisis that doesn’t get as much attention: low vaccination rates.

    In early 2025, Ontario had a measles outbreak with 2,200 cases as of mid-July, mostly in people who hadn’t been fully vaccinated. An outbreak in Alberta that began in March has expanded to more than 1,300 cases as of mid-July.

    Measles had been eliminated in Canada since 1998, but it’s now reappearing, largely due to missed or delayed vaccinations. On the surface, these might seem like a limited viral outbreak. But the ripple effects go much further, causing more illness, more complications and, ultimately, more antibiotic use.

    Why measles can lead to antibiotic use

    Measles itself is a viral infection, so antibiotics don’t treat it directly. But the virus weakens the immune system, leaving people vulnerable to bacterial infections like pneumonia or ear infections, conditions that do require antibiotics.

    Unsurprisingly, this pattern isn’t new. A 2019 study published in Pediatrics showed that many children hospitalized with measles in the United States developed secondary infections that required antibiotic treatment, especially pneumonia and ear infections.

    While data from the Ontario outbreak is still being analyzed, experts expect a similar surge in antibiotic prescriptions to treat these preventable complications.

    The antibiotic resistance chain reaction

    Every time we use antibiotics, we give bacteria a chance to adapt.
    (NIAID), CC BY

    Here’s where it gets dangerous. Every time we use antibiotics, we give bacteria a chance to adapt. The most vulnerable bacteria die, but tougher ones survive and spread. This leads to antibiotic resistance where treatments that used to work no longer do.

    Even appropriate use of antibiotics, like treating a bacterial infection after measles, adds to the problem. And the more often we need to prescribe antibiotics, the faster this resistance builds.

    A 2022 global study published in The Lancet estimated that antimicrobial resistance directly caused 1.27 million deaths in 2019 and contributed to many millions more. As resistance spreads, doctors are forced to use more toxic, expensive or last-resort drugs, and sometimes, no effective treatment exists at all.

    Antibiotic resistance means that treatments that used to work no longer do.
    (NIAID), CC BY

    How vaccines help fight resistance

    Vaccines are one of the most powerful tools we have not just to prevent disease, but to reduce antibiotic use and slow resistance. By stopping infections before they happen, vaccines reduce the need for antibiotics in the first place.

    Some vaccines protect directly against bacteria. Pneumococcal vaccines (PCV13, PCV15, PCV20) guard against a major cause of pneumonia, brain infections and ear infections. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and diphtheria vaccines prevent other respiratory bacterial diseases.

    Other vaccines protect against viruses, which can weaken the body and open the door to bacterial infections called as secondary bacterial infections.

    The MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine not only prevents measles but also reduces the chance of bacterial pneumonias that often occur after measles due to immunosuppression.

    The seasonal flu and COVID-19 vaccines help prevent viral infections that can trigger secondary bacterial complications.

    The rotavirus vaccine that protects against diarrheal disease in children has also been shown to reduce antibiotic use by more than 20 per cent, according to a 2024 study in Vaccine.

    In fact, a 2020 study in Nature found that improving childhood vaccination coverage in low- and middle-income countries could reduce antibiotic-treated illnesses in kids under five by more than 20 per cent. That’s a massive step forward in the fight against antibiotic resistance.

    A wake-up call

    The measles outbreaks in Ontario and Alberta aren’t just local issues; they are a global warning. Each missed vaccine doesn’t just put one person at risk; it potentially means more infections, more complications and more antibiotics. That, in turn, means more antibiotic resistance for everyone.

    Vaccines are not just about individual protection. They are a public health strategy that keeps antibiotics effective for when we really need them, especially for vulnerable people like cancer patients, transplant recipients and the elderly, who rely on antibiotics to survive routine infections.

    Vaccines, in fact, do more than prevent disease. They protect our ability to treat infections by reducing the need for antibiotics and slowing the rise of resistant bacteria. With preventable diseases like measles making a comeback, now is the time to recognize the broader impact of vaccine hesitancy.

    Choosing to vaccinate is more than a personal decision. It’s a way to protect our communities and preserve the life-saving power of antibiotics for generations to come.

    Ruchika Gupta does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. How falling vaccination rates are fuelling the antibiotic resistance crisis – https://theconversation.com/how-falling-vaccination-rates-are-fuelling-the-antibiotic-resistance-crisis-259682

    MIL OSI Analysis

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Schools in Westminster to receive up to £8K to boost pupils’ health and wellbeing | Westminster City Council

    Source: City of Westminster

    Twenty-five schools in Westminster have received up to £8,000 in grant funding to improve pupils’ health and wellbeing.

    The school health and wellbeing survey, a Westminster City Council initiative administered by the Schools Health Education Unit (SHEU), was implemented in 25 schools across the city in 2024. The survey, covering topics such as emotional health and wellbeing, safety, food and diet and physical activity, collected responses from 1,357 pupils.

    The survey results have helped the council understand what children need to improve their health and wellbeing and it has given schools a valuable insight into their pupils’ lives. 

    Following the survey, each school has received their confidential report and a grant to act on the findings relevant to their pupils – £5,000 for primaries and £8,000 for secondaries and special schools.

    Gabby Woolf, Vice Principal of King Solomon Academy, said:

    “King Solomon Academy is very grateful to have received a grant from Westminster after participating in the school health and wellbeing survey, which is especially crucial in these times of scarcity. Our findings have shown supporting pupils’ emotional health and wellbeing is important for their health and education. The grant has allowed us to better fund our therapeutic counselling provision, which is run by Place 2 Be and has been a huge support for pupils’ emotional wellbeing and mental health.”

    Cllr Nafsika Butler-Thalassis, Cabinet Member for Adult Social Care, Public Health and Voluntary Sector, said:

    “The voices of children and young people are crucial for designing comprehensive health and wellbeing programmes that answer to their needs. This survey and funding will give schools the knowledge and resources needed to act on the issues that matter most to their pupils, whether that is online safety, mental wellbeing or physical health. It reflects our continued commitment to building a healthier and fairer community for our children in Westminster.”

    The council currently leads on a range of health and wellbeing services and initiatives for children and young people:

    • The School Health Service has been enhanced with a wider emotional and mental health offer. It has been delivering asthma training (as part of the Asthma Friendly School initiative) and developing school partnership agreements.
    • The funding for the Mental Health Youth Worker service has been extended for two years to support the emotional wellbeing and mental health of children and young people attending Youth Hubs in Westminster.
    • The Edward Wilson Primary School Superzone has been created to help school children play safely, breathe clean air, be active, enjoy a healthy diet and thrive.

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: New Forensic Science Regulator appointed for England and Wales

    Source: United Kingdom – Government Statements

    News story

    New Forensic Science Regulator appointed for England and Wales

    The regulator ensures that the highest standards in forensic science are met across the criminal justice system.

    Dr Marc Bailey has been appointed as the Forensic Science Regulator for England and Wales.

    Dr Bailey is a scientist who has significant regulatory experience. He has held multiple roles within the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and led international research in quality systems and standardisation, including whilst working at the National Physical Laboratory.

    The Forensic Science Regulator is responsible for ensuring that the provision of forensic science services across England and Wales meet the highest standards of quality and integrity. This includes assessing compliance, providing advice to ministers, setting quality standards and ensuring that all forensic science providers adhere to these standards.

    Dr Bailey will work closely with the police, forensic science providers and the legal profession to ensure that forensic science in England and Wales remains at the forefront of innovation and reliability.

    Dr Bailey will officially assume his duties after Gary Pugh’s term concludes on 25 July 2025.

    Crime and Policing Minister Dame Diana Johnson said:

    Dr Bailey is going to bring a wealth of experience and expertise as the new Forensic Science Regulator.

    This pivotal role is essential in ensuring the highest standards of forensic science are upheld.

    By setting rigorous standards and providing robust oversight, the Forensic Science Regulator will continue to ensure that forensic science supports the work of the police, allowing them to investigate crimes and bring justice for victims.

    I’d like to thank Gary Pugh for his previous work in this role.

    Dr Bailey said:

    I am delighted to be appointed to the post of Forensic Science Regulator.

    I look forward to enacting and developing the regulation of Forensic Science and working with the team that support my role to ensure that the criminal justice system has full confidence in forensic science evidence.

    Updates to this page

    Published 22 July 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: Secretary-General’s remarks to the Security Council – on Multilateralism and Peaceful Settlement of Disputes [bilingual as delivered; scroll down for all-English and all-French versions]

    Source: United Nations secretary general

    Mr. President, Excellencies,                                                       

    I want to thank Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar and Pakistan for convening today’s open debate.

    The topic of today’s debate shines a light on the clear connection between international peace and multilateralism.

    Eighty years ago, the United Nations was founded with a primary purpose — to safeguard humanity from the scourge of war.

    The architects of the United Nations Charter recognized that the peaceful resolution of disputes is the lifeline when geopolitical tensions escalate… when unresolved disputes fuel the flames of conflict…and when states lose trust in each other.

    The Charter lays out a number of important tools to forge peace.

    Article 2.3 of the UN Charter is clear:

    “All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.”

    Chapter VI of the Charter is equally clear on the specific responsibilities of this Council to help ensure the pacific settlement of disputes “by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice.”

    Action 16 of the Pact of the Future calls on Member States to recommit to all the mechanisms of preventive diplomacy and the peaceful settlement of disputes.

    I commend Pakistan for utilizing its presidency to put forward a resolution urging all Member States to make full use of these tools in our collective pursuit of global peace.

    This is needed now more than ever.

    Around the world, we see an utter disregard for — if not outright violations of — international law — including international human rights law, international refugee law, international humanitarian law, and the UN Charter itself, without any accountability.

    These failures to uphold international obligations are coming at a time of widening geopolitical divides and conflicts. 

    And the cost is staggering — measured in human lives, shattered communities, and lost futures.

    We need look no further than the horror show in Gaza — with a level of death and destruction without parallel in recent times.

    Malnourishment is soaring.  Starvation is knocking on every door. 

    And now we are seeing the last gasp of a humanitarian system built on humanitarian principles.

    That system is being denied the conditions to function.  Denied the space to deliver.  Denied the safety to save lives.

    With Israeli military operations intensifying and new displacement orders issued in Deir al-Balah, devastation is being layered upon devastation. 

    I am appalled that UN premises have been struck – among them facilities of the UN Office for Project Services and the World Health Organization, including WHO’s main warehouse.

    This is despite all parties having been informed of the locations of these UN facilities.

    These premises are inviolable and must be protected under international humanitarian law – without exception.  

    From Gaza to Ukraine, from the Sahel to Sudan, Haiti and Myanmar, and many other parts of the world, conflict is raging, international law is being trampled, and hunger and displacement are at record levels.

    And terrorism, violent extremism and transnational crime remain persistent scourges pushing security further out of reach.  

    Diplomacy may not have always succeeded in preventing conflicts, violence and instability.

    But it still holds the power to stop them.

    Mr. President,

    Peace is a choice.

    And the world expects the UN Security Council to help countries make this choice.   

    This Council is at the centre of the global architecture for peace and security.  

    Its creation reflected a central truth.

    Competition between states is a geopolitical reality.  

    But cooperation — anchored in shared interests and the greater good — is the sustainable pathway to peace.

    Too often, we see divisions, entrenched positions and escalatory discourse blocking solutions and the effectiveness of the Council.

    But we have also seen some inspiring examples of finding common ground and forging solutions to global problems.

    For example, today marks three years since the signing of the Black Sea Initiative and the Memorandum of Understanding with the Russian Federation — efforts that show what we can achieve through mediation and the good offices of the United Nations, even during the most challenging moments.

    And we’ve seen many other recent examples.

    From the Sevilla Conference on Financing for Development, to the Oceans Conference in Nice, to the Agreement on Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction and the Cybercrime Treaty, to the Pact for the Future adopted last year. 

    The Pact, in particular, demonstrates a clear re-commitment by the world to strengthen the United Nations collective security system.

    Drawing from the New Agenda for Peace, it prioritizes preventive diplomacy and mediation — all areas where this Council can play a vital role.

    As we look to the theme of today’s debate, I see three areas where we can live up to the Pact’s call to renew our commitment to — and the world’s faith in — the multilateral problem-solving architecture.

    First — this Council’s members, in particular its permanent members, must continue working to overcome divisions.

    The majority of situations on the Security Council’s agenda are complex and resist quick fixes.
    But even in the darkest days of the Cold War, the collective dialogue and decision-making in this Council underpinned a common and effective system of global security.

    One that successfully deployed a range of peacekeeping missions.

    One that opened the door for vital humanitarian aid to flow to people in need.

    And one that helped prevent a Third World War.

    I urge you to summon this same spirit by keeping channels open, continuing to listen in good faith, and working to overcome differences and building consensus.

    We must also work to ensure that this Council reflects the world of today, not the world of 80 years ago.

    This Council should be made more representative of today’s geopolitical realities.

    And we must continue improving the working methods of this Council to make it more inclusive, transparent, efficient and accountable.

    I urge you to continue building consensus to move the intergovernmental negotiations forward.

    Second — this Council must continue strengthening cooperation with regional and subregional partners.

    The landmark adoption of Security Council Resolution 2719 supporting African Union-led peace support operations through assessed contributions is a good example of how we can join efforts with regional organizations to support more effective responses.

    I also commend this Council’s steps to strengthen and re-build regional security frameworks to encourage dialogue and advance the peaceful settlement of disputes.

    Troisièmement, les États Membres doivent honorer leurs obligations en vertu du droit international, y compris la Charte des Nations Unies, le droit international des droits humains et le droit international humanitaire.

    Le Pacte pour l’avenir appelle tous les États Membres à respecter leurs engagements envers la Charte, ainsi que les principes de respect de la souveraineté, de l’intégrité territoriale et de l’indépendance politique des États.

    Tous ces principes sont ancrés dans le droit international et reposent sur l’engagement de donner la priorité à la prévention des conflits et au règlement pacifique des différends par le dialogue et la diplomatie.

    Le Pacte reconnaît également la contribution essentielle de la Cour internationale de Justice, qui fêtera son 80ème anniversaire l’année prochaine.

    Monsieur le Président,

    À l’occasion du 80ème anniversaire de notre Organisation et de la Charte qui lui a donné vie et forme, nous devons renouveler notre engagement envers l’esprit multilatéral de la paix par la diplomatie.

    Je me réjouis de travailler avec vous en ce sens, afin de parvenir à la paix et la sécurité internationales que les peuples du monde entier espèrent et méritent.

    Je vous remercie.

    [all-English]

    Mr. President, Excellencies,                                                       

    I want to thank Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar and Pakistan for convening today’s open debate.

    The topic of today’s debate shines a light on the clear connection between international peace and multilateralism.

    Eighty years ago, the United Nations was founded with a primary purpose — to safeguard humanity from the scourge of war.

    The architects of the United Nations Charter recognized that the peaceful resolution of disputes is the lifeline when geopolitical tensions escalate… when unresolved disputes fuel the flames of conflict…and when states lose trust in each other.

    The Charter lays out a number of important tools to forge peace.

    Article 2.3 of the UN Charter is clear:

    “All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.”

    Chapter VI of the Charter is equally clear on the specific responsibilities of this Council to help ensure the pacific settlement of disputes “by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice.”

    Action 16 of the Pact of the Future calls on Member States to recommit to all the mechanisms of preventive diplomacy and the peaceful settlement of disputes.

    I commend Pakistan for utilizing its presidency to put forward a resolution urging all Member States to make full use of these tools in our collective pursuit of global peace.

    This is needed now more than ever.

    Around the world, we see an utter disregard for — if not outright violations of — international law — including international human rights law, international refugee law, international humanitarian law, and the UN Charter itself, without any accountability.

    These failures to uphold international obligations are coming at a time of widening geopolitical divides and conflicts. 

    And the cost is staggering — measured in human lives, shattered communities, and lost futures.

    We need look no further than the horror show in Gaza — with a level of death and destruction without parallel in recent times.

    Malnourishment is soaring.  Starvation is knocking on every door. 

    And now we are seeing the last gasp of a humanitarian system built on humanitarian principles.

    That system is being denied the conditions to function.  Denied the space to deliver.  Denied the safety to save lives.

    With Israeli military operations intensifying and new displacement orders issued in Deir al-Balah, devastation is being layered upon devastation.

    I am appalled that UN premises have been struck – among them facilities of the UN Office for Project Services and the World Health Organization, including WHO’s main warehouse.

    This is despite all parties having been informed of the locations of these UN facilities.

    These premises are inviolable and must be protected under international humanitarian law – without exception.    

    From Gaza to Ukraine, from the Sahel to Sudan, Haiti and Myanmar, and many other parts of the world, conflict is raging, international law is being trampled, and hunger and displacement are at record levels.

    And terrorism, violent extremism and transnational crime remain persistent scourges pushing security further out of reach.  
    Diplomacy may not have always succeeded in preventing conflicts, violence and instability.

    But it still holds the power to stop them.

    Mr. President,

    Peace is a choice.

    And the world expects the UN Security Council to help countries make this choice.   

    This Council is at the centre of the global architecture for peace and security.  

    Its creation reflected a central truth.
    Competition between states is a geopolitical reality.  

    But cooperation — anchored in shared interests and the greater good — is the  sustainable pathway to peace.

    Too often, we see divisions, entrenched positions and escalatory discourse blocking solutions and the effectiveness of the Council.

    But we have also seen some inspiring examples of finding common ground and forging solutions to global problems.

    For example, today marks three years since the signing of the Black Sea Initiative and the Memorandum of Understanding with the Russian Federation — efforts that show what we can achieve through mediation and the good offices of the United Nations, even during the most challenging moments.

    And we’ve seen many other recent examples.

    From the Sevilla Conference on Financing for Development, to the Oceans Conference in Nice, to the Agreement on Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction and the Cybercrime Treaty, to the Pact for the Future adopted last year. 

    The Pact, in particular, demonstrates a clear re-commitment by the world to strengthen the United Nations collective security system.

    Drawing from the New Agenda for Peace, it prioritizes preventive diplomacy and mediation — all areas where this Council can play a vital role.

    As we look to the theme of today’s debate, I see three areas where we can live up to the Pact’s call to renew our commitment to — and the world’s faith in — the multilateral problem-solving architecture.

    First — this Council’s members, in particular its permanent members, must continue working to overcome divisions.

    The majority of situations on the Security Council’s agenda are complex and resist quick fixes.

    But even in the darkest days of the Cold War, the collective dialogue and decision-making in this Council underpinned a common and effective system of global security.

    One that successfully deployed a range of peacekeeping missions.

    One that opened the door for vital humanitarian aid to flow to people in need.

    And one that helped prevent a Third World War.

    I urge you to summon this same spirit by keeping channels open, continuing to listen in good faith, and working to overcome differences and building consensus.

    We must also work to ensure that this Council reflects the world of today, not the world of 80 years ago.

    This Council should be made more representative of today’s geopolitical realities.

    And we must continue improving the working methods of this Council to make it more inclusive, transparent, efficient and accountable.

    I urge you to continue building consensus to move the intergovernmental negotiations forward.

    Second — this Council must continue strengthening cooperation with regional and subregional partners.

    The landmark adoption of Security Council Resolution 2719 supporting African Union-led peace support operations through assessed contributions is a good example of how we can join efforts with regional organizations to support more effective responses.

    I also commend this Council’s steps to strengthen and re-build regional security frameworks to encourage dialogue and advance the peaceful settlement of disputes.

    And third — Member States must honour their obligations under international law, including the UN Charter, international human rights law and international humanitarian law.

    The Pact for the Future calls on all Member States to live up to their commitments in the UN Charter, and the principles of respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity and the political independence of states.

    All grounded in international law, and a commitment to prioritizing prevention of conflict and the peaceful settlement of disputes through dialogue and diplomacy.

    The Pact also recognized the critical contribution of the International Court of Justice, which celebrates its 80th anniversary next year.

    Mr. President,    

    As we mark the 80th anniversary of our organization and the Charter that gave it life and shape, we need to renew our commitment to the multilateral spirit of peace through diplomacy.

    I look forward to working with you in this important effort, to achieve the international peace and security the people of the world need and deserve.

    Thank you.

    [all-French]

    Monsieur le Président, Excellences,

    Je tiens à remercier le Vice-Premier Ministre et Ministre des affaires étrangères Ishaq Dar et le Pakistan d’avoir organisé le débat public de ce jour.

    Le thème de ce débat met en lumière le lien évident qui existe entre la paix internationale et le multilatéralisme.

    Il y a 80 ans, l’Organisation des Nations Unies a été fondée dans le but premier de préserver l’humanité du fléau de la guerre.

    Les architectes de la Charte des Nations Unies ont considéré que le règlement pacifique des différends était la seule issue possible lorsque les tensions géopolitiques s’intensifiaient, lorsque des différends non résolus attisaient les conflits et lorsque les États perdaient confiance les uns dans les autres.

    La Charte renferme un certain nombre d’outils majeurs destinés à forger la paix.

    Son Article 2.3 est clair :

    « Les Membres de l’Organisation règlent leurs différends internationaux par des moyens pacifiques, de telle manière que la paix et la sécurité internationales ainsi que la justice ne soient pas mises en danger ».

    Son Chapitre VI est tout aussi clair en ce qui concerne les responsabilités confiées au Conseil de sécurité, qui doit contribuer à assurer le règlement pacifique des différends « par voie de négociation, d’enquête, de médiation, de conciliation, d’arbitrage, de règlement judiciaire, de recours aux organismes ou accords régionaux, ou par d’autres moyens pacifiques » du choix des parties.

    La mesure 16 du Pacte pour l’avenir appelle les États Membres à démontrer leur attachement à la diplomatie préventive et au règlement pacifique des différends en recourant davantage à tous les mécanismes existants en la matière.

    Je félicite le Pakistan d’avoir mis à profit sa présidence pour présenter une résolution exhortant tous les États Membres à utiliser pleinement les outils en question dans le cadre de notre quête collective de la paix dans le monde.

    Nous en avons besoin plus que jamais.

    Partout dans le monde, nous observons un mépris total pour le droit international – voire des violations pures et simples de ce droit, notamment du droit international des droits humains, du droit international des réfugiés, du droit international humanitaire et de la Charte des Nations Unies elle-même –, sans que la responsabilité de quiconque ne soit engagée.

    Ces manquements aux obligations internationales surviennent à un moment où les divisions et les conflits géopolitiques s’aggravent.

    Et le coût – en vies humaines, en communautés brisées et en avenirs perdus – est accablant.

    Il suffit de regarder l’horreur qui se déroule à Gaza, avec un niveau de mort et de destruction sans équivalent dans l’histoire récente.

    La malnutrition explose.  La famine frappe à toutes les portes. 

    Et maintenant, nous assistons à l’agonie d’un système humanitaire fondé sur des principes humanitaires.

    Ce système se voit refuser les conditions nécessaires à son fonctionnement.  On lui refuse l’espace nécessaire pour agir.  On lui refuse la sécurité nécessaire pour sauver des vies.

    Alors que les opérations militaires israéliennes s’intensifient et que de nouveaux ordres de déplacement sont émis à Deir al-Balah, la dévastation s’ajoute à la dévastation.

    Je suis consterné que des locaux de l’ONU aient été touchés, notamment ceux du Bureau des Nations Unies pour les services d’appui aux projets et de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé, y compris son entrepôt principal.

    Ceci alors que toutes les parties ont été informées de l’emplacement de ces installations de l’ONU.

    Ces locaux sont inviolables et doivent être protégés par le droit international humanitaire, sans exception.

    De Gaza à l’Ukraine, du Sahel au Soudan, de Haïti au Myanmar, et dans bien d’autres régions du monde, les conflits font rage, le droit international est bafoué, et la faim et les déplacements atteignent des niveaux record.

    Et le terrorisme, l’extrémisme violent et la criminalité transnationale restent des fléaux tenaces qui rendent la sécurité encore plus inaccessible.

    La diplomatie ne permet pas toujours de prévenir les conflits, la violence et l’instabilité.

    Mais elle a toujours le pouvoir de les arrêter.

    Monsieur le Président,

    La paix est un choix.

    Et le monde attend du Conseil de sécurité de l’Organisation qu’il aide les pays à faire ce choix.

    Ce Conseil est au cœur de l’architecture mondiale pour la paix et la sécurité.

    Sa création reposait sur une vérité fondamentale.

    La rivalité entre les États est une réalité géopolitique.

    Mais la coopération – ancrée dans des intérêts partagés et le bien commun – représente la voie durable vers la paix.

    Nous observons trop fréquemment que les divisions, les positions tranchées et la surenchère verbale bloquent la mise en place de solutions et sape l’efficacité de ce Conseil.

    Mais nous avons également observé des exemples admirables de cas où il a été possible de trouver un terrain d’entente et des solutions aux problèmes mondiaux.

    Ainsi, nous marquons aujourd’hui le troisième anniversaire de la signature de l’Initiative de la mer Noire et du mémorandum d’accord avec la Fédération de Russie – des mesures qui montrent ce que nous pouvons accomplir grâce à la médiation et aux bons offices de l’ONU, y compris dans les moments les plus difficiles.

    Et plus récemment, nous avons été témoins de bien d’autres exemples.

    De la Conférence de Séville sur le financement du développement à la Conférence de Nice sur l’océan, en passant par l’Accord sur la diversité biologique marine des zones ne relevant pas de la juridiction nationale, la Convention sur la cybercriminalité et le Pacte pour l’avenir, adopté l’année dernière.

    Le Pacte, en particulier, témoigne d’une claire volonté du monde de s’engager de nouveau à renforcer le système de sécurité collective des Nations Unies.

    Inspiré du Nouvel Agenda pour la paix, il donne la priorité à la diplomatie préventive et à la médiation, autant de domaines dans lesquels le Conseil peut jouer un rôle essentiel.

    En ce qui concerne le thème du débat qui nous réunit aujourd’hui, il y a selon moi trois domaines dans lesquels nous pouvons nous montrer à la hauteur de l’appel, contenu dans le Pacte, à renouveler notre engagement – et la confiance du monde – envers l’architecture multilatérale dont nous disposons pour régler les problèmes.

    Premièrement, les membres de ce Conseil, en particulier les membres permanents, doivent continuer à s’efforcer de surmonter les dissensions.

    La majorité des situations inscrites à l’ordre du jour du Conseil de sécurité sont complexes et ne se prêtent pas à des solutions rapides.

    Mais même dans les jours les plus sombres de la guerre froide, le dialogue et la prise de décision collective au sein de ce Conseil ont permis de maintenir un système de la sécurité mondiale commun et efficace.

    Un système qui a déployé avec succès toute une série de missions de maintien de la paix.

    Un système qui a ouvert la voie à l’acheminement d’une aide humanitaire vitale aux personnes dans le besoin.

    Et un système qui a permis d’éviter une troisième guerre mondiale.

    Je vous exhorte à adopter le même état d’esprit en maintenant la communication, en continuant d’écouter de bonne foi, en vous employant à surmonter les divergences et à rechercher le consensus.

    Nous devons également veiller à ce que ce Conseil soit à l’image du monde d’aujourd’hui, et non de celui d’il y a 80 ans.

    Ce Conseil devrait être plus représentatif des réalités géopolitiques actuelles.

    Et nous devons continuer de perfectionner ses méthodes de travail afin de le rendre plus inclusif, plus transparent, plus efficace, et plus responsable.

    Je vous demande instamment de continuer d’œuvrer à la recherche du consensus pour faire avancer les négociations intergouvernementales.

    Deuxièmement, ce Conseil doit continuer de renforcer la coopération avec les partenaires régionaux et sous-régionaux.

    L’adoption historique de la résolution 2719 du Conseil de sécurité, visant à financer les opérations d’appui à la paix menées par l’Union africaine au moyen de contributions statutaires, est un bon exemple de la manière dont nous pouvons unir nos forces à celles des organisations régionales pour favoriser la mise en place de mesures plus efficaces.

    Je salue également les mesures prises par ce Conseil pour renforcer et rebâtir les cadres de sécurité régionaux afin d’encourager le dialogue et de favoriser le règlement pacifique des différends.

    Troisièmement, les États Membres doivent honorer leurs obligations en vertu du droit international, y compris la Charte des Nations Unies, le droit international des droits humains et le droit international humanitaire.

    Le Pacte pour l’avenir appelle tous les États Membres à respecter leurs engagements envers la Charte, ainsi que les principes de respect de la souveraineté, de l’intégrité territoriale et de l’indépendance politique des États.

    Tous ces principes sont ancrés dans le droit international et reposent sur l’engagement de donner la priorité à la prévention des conflits et au règlement pacifique des différends par le dialogue et la diplomatie.

    Le Pacte reconnaît également la contribution essentielle de la Cour internationale de Justice, qui fêtera son 80ème anniversaire l’année prochaine.

    Monsieur le Président,

    À l’occasion du 80ème anniversaire de notre Organisation et de la Charte qui lui a donné vie et forme, nous devons renouveler notre engagement envers l’esprit multilatéral de la paix par la diplomatie.

    Je me réjouis de travailler avec vous en ce sens, afin de parvenir à la paix et la sécurité internationales que les peuples du monde entier espèrent et méritent.

    Je vous remercie.

    MIL OSI United Nations News

  • MIL-OSI Security: #StopRansomware: Interlock

    Source: US Department of Homeland Security

    Summary

    Note: This joint Cybersecurity Advisory is part of an ongoing #StopRansomware effort to publish advisories for network defenders that detail various ransomware variants and ransomware threat actors. These #StopRansomware advisories include recently and historically observed tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) and indicators of compromise (IOCs) to help organizations protect against ransomware. Visit stopransomware.gov to see all #StopRansomware advisories and to learn more about other ransomware threats and no-cost resources.

    The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC)—hereafter referred to as “the authoring organizations”—are releasing this joint advisory to disseminate known Interlock ransomware IOCs and TTPs identified through FBI investigations (as recently as June 2025) and trusted third-party reporting.

    The Interlock ransomware variant was first observed in late September 2024, targeting various business, critical infrastructure, and other organizations in North America and Europe. FBI maintains these actors target their victims based on opportunity, and their activity is financially motivated. FBI is aware of Interlock ransomware encryptors designed for both Windows and Linux operating systems; these encryptors have been observed encrypting virtual machines (VMs) across both operating systems. FBI observed actors obtaining initial access via drive-by download from compromised legitimate websites, which is an uncommon method among ransomware groups. Actors were also observed using the ClickFix social engineering technique for initial access, in which victims are tricked into executing a malicious payload under the guise of fixing an issue on the victim’s system. Actors then use various methods for discovery, credential access, and lateral movement to spread to other systems on the network.

    Interlock actors employ a double extortion model in which actors encrypt systems after exfiltrating data, which increases pressure on victims to pay the ransom to both get their data decrypted and prevent it from being leaked. 

    FBI, CISA, HHS, and MS-ISAC encourage organizations to implement the recommendations in the Mitigations section of this advisory to reduce the likelihood and impact of Interlock ransomware incidents.

    Download the PDF version of this report:

    For a downloadable copy of IOCs, see:

    Note: This advisory uses the MITRE ATT&CK® Matrix for Enterprise framework, version 17. See the MITRE ATT&CK Tactics and Techniques section of this advisory for tables mapped to the threat actors’ activity.

    Overview

    Since September 2024, Interlock ransomware actors have impacted a wide range of businesses and critical infrastructure sectors in North America and Europe. These actors are opportunistic and financially motivated in nature and employ tactics to infiltrate and disrupt the victim’s ability to provide their essential services. 

    Interlock actors leverage a double extortion model, in which they both encrypt and exfiltrate victim data. Ransom notes do not include an initial ransom demand or payment instructions; instead, victims are provided with a unique code and are instructed to contact the ransomware group via a .onion URL through the Tor browser. To date, Interlock actors have been observed encrypting VMs, leaving hosts, workstations, and physical servers unaffected; however, this does not mean they will not expand to these systems in the future. To counter Interlock actors’ threat to VMs, enterprise defenders should implement robust endpoint detection and response (EDR) tooling and capabilities.

    The authoring agencies are aware of emerging open-source reporting detailing similarities between the Rhysida and Interlock ransomware variants.1 For additional information on Rhysida ransomware, see the joint advisory, #StopRansomware: Rhysida Ransomware.

    Initial Access

    FBI has observed Interlock actors obtaining initial access [TA0001] via drive-by download [T1189] from compromised legitimate websites, an atypical method for ransomware actors. Interlock ransomware methods for initial access have previously disguised malicious payloads as fake Google Chrome or Microsoft Edge browser updates, though a cybersecurity company recently reported a shift to payload filenames masquerading as updates for common security software (see Table 5 for a list of filenames).2

    In some instances, FBI has observed Interlock actors using the ClickFix social engineering technique, in which unsuspecting users are prompted to execute a malicious payload by clicking a fake Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) [T1189]. The CAPTCHA contains instructions for users to open the Windows Run window, paste the clipboard contents, and then execute a malicious Base64-encoded PowerShell process [T1204.004].3

    Note: This ClickFix technique has been used in several other malware campaigns, including Lumma Stealer and DarkGate.4

    Execution and Persistence

    Based on FBI investigations, the fake Google Chrome browser executable functions as a remote access trojan (RAT) [T1105] designed to execute a PowerShell script [T1059.001] that drops a file into the Windows Startup folder. From there, the file is designed to run the RAT every time the victim logs in [T1547.001], establishing persistence [TA0003]. 

    FBI also observed instances in which Interlock actors executed a PowerShell command designed to establish persistence via a Windows Registry key modification [T1547.001]. To do so, Interlock actors used a PowerShell command [T1059.001] designed to add a run key value named “Chrome Updater” [T1036.005] that uses a specific log file as an argument upon user login.

    Reconnaissance

    To facilitate reconnaissance, a PowerShell script executes a series of commands [T1059.001] designed to gather information on victim machines (see Table 1).

    Table 1. PowerShell Commands for Reconnaissance
    PowerShell Command Description
    WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent() Returns a WindowsIdentity object that represents the current Windows user [T1033].
    systeminfo Displays detailed configuration information [T1082] about a computer and its operating system, including operating system configuration, security information, product ID, and hardware properties.
    tasklist/svc Lists unabridged service information [T1007] for each process currently running on the local computer.
    Get-Service Gets objects that represent the services [T1007] on a computer, including running and stopped services.
    Get-PSDrive

    Gets the drives [T1082] in the current session, such as:

    • Windows logical drives on the computer, including drives mapped to network shares.
    • Drives exposed by PowerShell providers.
    • Session-specified temporary drives and persistent mapped network drives.
       
    arp -a Displays and modifies entries in the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache table [T1016], which contains entries on the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses on host endpoints.

    Command and Control

    FBI observed Interlock actors using command and control (C2) [TA0011] applications like Cobalt Strike and SystemBC. Interlock actors also used Interlock RAT5 and NodeSnake RAT (as of March 2025)6 for C2 and executing commands.

    Credential Access, Lateral Movement, and Privilege Escalation

    FBI observed that once Interlock actors establish remote control of a compromised system, they use a series of PowerShell commands to download a credential stealer (cht.exe) [TA0006] and keylogger binary (klg.dll) [T1056.001],[T1105]. According to open source reporting, the credential stealer collects login information and associated URLs for victims’ online accounts [T1555.003], while the keylogger dynamic link library (DLL) logs users’ keystrokes in a file named conhost.txt [T1036.005].7 As of February 2025, private cybersecurity analysts also observed Interlock ransomware infections executing different versions of information stealers [TA0006], including Lumma Stealer8 and Berserk Stealer, to harvest credentials for lateral movement and privilege escalation [T1078].9

    Interlock actors leverage compromised credentials and Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)10 [T1021.001] to move between systems. They also use tools like AnyDesk to enable remote connectivity and PuTTY to assist with lateral movement [T1219].11 In addition to stealing users’ online credentials, Interlock actors have compromised domain administrator accounts (possibly by using a Kerberoasting attack [T1558.003])12 to gain additional privileges [T1078.002]. 

    Collection and Exfiltration

    Interlock actors leverage Azure Storage Explorer (StorageExplorer.exe) to navigate victims’ Microsoft Azure Storage accounts [T1530] prior to exfiltrating data. According to open source reporting, Interlock actors execute AzCopy to exfiltrate data by uploading it to the Azure storage blob [T1567.002].13 Interlock actors also exfiltrate data over file transfer tools, including WinSCP [T1048].

    Impact

    Following data exfiltration, Interlock actors deploy the encryption binary as a 64-bit executable named conhost.exe [T1486],[T1036.005]. FBI has observed Interlock ransomware encryptors for both Windows and Linux operating systems. Encryptors are designed to encrypt files using a combined Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) algorithm. In addition, cybersecurity researchers have identified Interlock ransomware samples using a FreeBSD ELF encryptor [T1486], a departure from usual Linux encryptors designed for VMware ESXi servers and VMs.14

    A cybersecurity company identified a DLL binary named tmp41.wasd—executed after encryption using rundll32.exe [T1218.011]—which uses the remove() function to delete the encryption binary [T1070.004];15 on Linux machines, the encryptor uses a similar technique to execute the removeme function. 

    Encrypted files are appended with either a .interlock or .1nt3rlock file extension, alongside a ransom note titled !__README__!.txt delivered via group policy object (GPO). Interlock actors use a double-extortion model [T1657], encrypting systems after exfiltrating data. The ransom note provides each victim with a unique code and instructions to contact the ransomware actors via a .onion URL. 

    Interlock actors do not leave an initial ransom demand or payment instructions on compromised networks, and do not relay this information until contacted by the victim. The actors instruct victims to make ransom payments in Bitcoin to cryptocurrency wallet addresses provided by the actors. The actors threaten to publish the victim’s exfiltrated data to their leak site on the Tor network unless the victim pays the ransom demand; the actors have previously followed through on this threat.16

    See Table 2 for publicly available tools and applications used by Interlock ransomware actors. This includes legitimate tools repurposed for their operations.

    Disclaimer: Use of these tools and applications should not be attributed as malicious without analytical evidence to support threat actor use and/or control.

    Table 2. Tools Used by Interlock Ransomware Actors
    Tool Name Description
    AnyDesk A common legitimate remote monitoring and management (RMM) tool maliciously used by Interlock actors to obtain remote access and maintain persistence. AnyDesk also supports remote file transfer.
    Cobalt Strike A penetration testing tool used by security professionals to test the security of networks and systems.
    PowerShell A cross-platform task automation solution made up of a command-line shell, a scripting language, and a configuration management framework, which runs on Windows, Linux, and macOS.
    PSExec A tool designed to run programs and execute commands on remote systems.
    PuTTY.exe An open source file transfer application commonly used to remotely connect to systems via Secure Shell (SSH). PuTTY also supports file transfer protocols like Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) and Secure Copy Protocol (SCP).
    ScreenConnect A remote support, access, and meeting software that allows users to control devices remotely over the internet. CISA observed Interlock actors using a cracked version of this software in at least one incident. These versions may be standalone versions not connecting to ScreenConnect’s official cloud domains (domains available upon request from ConnectWise).
    SystemBC Enables Interlock actors to compromise systems, run commands, download malicious payloads, and act as a proxy tool to the actors’ C2 servers.
    Windows Console Host Windows Console Host (conhost.exe) manages the user interface for command-line applications in Windows, including Command Prompt and PowerShell. 
    WinSCP A free and open source SSH File Transfer Protocol (FTP), WebDAV, Amazon S3, and secure copy protocol client.

    See Table 3 and Table 4 for files used by Interlock ransomware actors. These were obtained from FBI investigations as recently as June 2025.

    Disclaimer: Some of the hashes are for legitimate tools and applications and should not be attributed as malicious without analytical evidence to support threat actor use and/or control. The authoring agencies recommend organizations investigate or vet these hashes prior to taking action, such as blocking.

    Table 3. Files Used by Interlock Ransomware Actors (SHA-256)
    File Name Hash
    1.ps1 fba4883bf4f73aa48a957d894051d78e0085ecc3170b1ff50e61ccec6aeee2cd 
    advanced_port_scanner.exe 4b036cc9930bb42454172f888b8fde1087797fc0c9d31ab546748bd2496bd3e5
    Aisa.exe 18a507bf1c533aad8e6f2a2b023fbbcac02a477e8f05b095ee29b52b90d47421
    AnyDesk.exe 1a70f4eef11fbecb721b9bab1c9ff43a8c4cd7b2cafef08c033c77070c6fe069
    autoservice.dll a4069aa29628e64ea63b4fb3e29d16dcc368c5add304358a47097eedafbbb565
    Autostart.exe d535bdc9970a3c6f7ebf0b229c695082a73eaeaf35a63cd8a0e7e6e3ceb22795
    cht FAFCD5404A992850FFCFFEE46221F9B2FF716006AECB637B80E5CD5AA112D79C
    cht.exe C20BABA26EBB596DE14B403B9F78DDC3C13CE9870EEA332476AC2C1DD582AA07
    cleanup.dll (SystemBC) 1845a910dcde8c6e45ad2e0c48439e5ab8bbbeb731f2af11a1b7bbab3bfe0127
    conhost 44887125aa2df864226421ee694d51e5535d8c6f70e327e9bcb366e43fd892c1
    conhost.dll a70af759e38219ca3a7f7645f3e103b13c9fb1db6d13b68f3d468b7987540ddf
    conhost.dll 96babe53d6569ee3b4d8fc09c2a6557e49ebc2ed1b965abda0f7f51378557eb1
    difxepi.dll (SystemBC) 1845a910dcde8c6e45ad2e0c48439e5ab8bbbeb731f2af11a1b7bbab3bfe0127
    iexplore.exe d0c1662ce239e4d288048c0e3324ec52962f6ddda77da0cb7af9c1d9c2f1e2eb
    klg.dll A4F0B68052E8DA9A80B70407A92400C6A5DEF19717E0240AC608612476E1137E
    !!!OPEN_ME!!!.txt 68A49D5A097E3850F3BB572BAF2B75A8E158DADB70BADDC205C2628A9B660E7A
    processhacker-2.39-bin.zip 88f26f3721076f74996f8518469d98bf9be0eaee5b9eccc72867ebfc25ea4e83
    PsExec.exe 078163d5c16f64caa5a14784323fd51451b8c831c73396b967b4e35e6879937b
    putty.exe 7a43789216ce242524e321d2222fa50820a532e29175e0a2e685459a19e09069
    puttyportable.exe 97931d2e2e449ac3691eb526f6f60e2f828de89074bdac07bd7dbdfd51af9fa0
    PuTTYPortable.zip ff7ad2376ae01e4b3f1e1d7ae630f87b8262b5c11bc5d953e1ac34ffe81401b5
    qrpce91.exe.asd 64a0ab00d90682b1807c5d7da1a4ae67cde4c5757fc7d995d8f126f0ec8ae983
    ScreenConnect.ClientService.exe 2814b33ce81d2d2e528bb1ed4290d665569f112c9be54e65abca50c41314d462
    SophosendpointAgent.exe f51b3d054995803d04a754ea3ff7d31823fab654393e8054b227092580be43db
    SophosScaner.exe dfb5ba578b81f05593c047f2c822eeb03785aecffb1504dcb7f8357e898b5024
    Starship.exe 94bf0aba5f9f32b9c35e8dfc70afd8a35621ed6ef084453dc1b10719ae72f8e2
    start 28c3c50d115d2b8ffc7ba0a8de9572fbe307907aaae3a486aabd8c0266e9426f
    start.exe 70bb799557da5ac4f18093decc60c96c13359e30f246683815a512d7f9824c8f
    StorageExplorer.exe 73a9a1e38ff40908bcc15df2954246883dadfb991f3c74f6c514b4cffdabde66
    Sysmon.sys 1d04e33009bcd017898b9e1387e40b5c04279c02ebc110f12e4a724ccdb9e4fb
    upd_2327991.exe 7b9e12e3561285181634ab32015eb653ab5e5cfa157dd16cdd327104b258c332
    webujgd.lnk 70EE22D394E107FBB807D86D187C216AD66B8537EDC67931559A8AEF18F6B5B3
    WinSCP-6.3.5-Setup.exe 8eb7e3e8f3ee31d382359a8a232c984bdaa130584cad11683749026e5df1fdc3
    Proxy Tool e4d6fe517cdf3790dfa51c62457f5acd8cb961ab1f083de37b15fd2fddeb9b8f
    Encryptor e86bb8361c436be94b0901e5b39db9b6666134f23cce1e5581421c2981405cb1
    Encryptor c733d85f445004c9d6918f7c09a1e0d38a8f3b37ad825cd544b865dba36a1ba6
    Encryptor 28c3c50d115d2b8ffc7ba0a8de9572fbe307907aaae3a486aabd8c0266e9426f
    Table 4. Files Used by Interlock Ransomware Actors (SHA-1)
    File Name Hash
    autorun.log 514946a8fc248de1ccf0dbeee2108a3b4d75b5f6
    jar.jar b625cc9e4024d09084e80a4a42ab7ccaa6afb61d
    pack.jar 3703374c9622f74edc9c8e3a47a5d53007f7721e

    See Table 5 through Table 16 for all referenced threat actor tactics and techniques in this advisory. For assistance with mapping malicious cyber activity to the MITRE ATT&CK framework, see CISA and MITRE ATT&CK’s Best Practices for MITRE ATT&CK Mapping and CISA’s Decider Tool.

    Table 5. Initial Access
    Technique Title ID Use
    Drive-By Compromise T1189

    Interlock actors obtain initial access by compromising a legitimate website that network users visit, or by disguising malicious payloads as fake browser updates or common security software, including the following:17

    • FortiClient.exe
    • Ivanti-Secure-Access-Client.exe
    • GlobalProtect.exe
    • Webex.exe
    • AnyConnectVPN.exe
    • Cisco-Secure-Client.exe
    • zyzoom_antimalware.exe

    Interlock actors also gain access via the ClickFix social engineering technique, in which users are tricked into executing a malicious payload by clicking on a fake CAPTCHA that prompts users to execute a malicious PowerShell script. 
     

    Table 6. Execution
    Technique Title ID Use
    Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell T1059.001 

    Interlock actors implement PowerShell scripts to drop a malicious file into the Windows Startup folder.

    Interlock actors execute a PowerShell command for registry key modification.

    Interlock actors use a PowerShell script to execute a series of commands to facilitate reconnaissance.

    User Execution: Malicious Copy and Paste T1204.004 Via the ClickFix social engineering technique, users are tricked into clicking a fake CAPTCHA and prompted into executing a malicious Base64-encoded PowerShell process by following instructions to open a Windows Run window (Windows Button + R), pasting clipboard contents (“CTRL + V”), and then executing the malicious script (“Enter”).
    Table 7. Persistence
    Technique Title ID Use
    Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Registry Run Keys/Startup Folder T1547.001

    Interlock actors establish persistence by adding a file into a Windows StartUp folder that executes a RAT every time a user logs in.

    Interlock actors also implement registry key modification by using a PowerShell command to add a run key value (named “Chrome Updater”) that uses a log file as an argument every time a user logs in.
     

    Table 8. Privilege Escalation
    Technique Title ID Use
    Valid Accounts: Domain Accounts T1078.002 Interlock actors compromise domain administrator accounts to gain additional privileges. 
    Table 9. Defense Escalation
    Technique Title ID Use
    Defense Evasion TA0005 Interlock actors execute the removeme function on Linux systems to delete the encryption binary for defense evasion. 
    Masquerading: Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location T1036.005

    Interlock actors disguise a malicious run key value by naming it “Chrome Updater”; the run key value uses a specific log file as an argument upon user login.

    Interlock actors disguise files of keystrokes logged by one of their credential stealers with a legitimate Windows filename: conhost.txt.

    Interlock actors disguise an encryption binary, a 64-bit executable, by giving it the same name as the legitimate Console Windows Host executable: conhost.exe

    System Binary Proxy Execution: Rundll32 T1218.011 Interlock actors use rundll32.exe to proxy execution of a malicious DLL binary tmp41.wasd
    Indicator Removal: File Deletion T1070.004 Interlock actors execute a DLL binary tmp41.wasd that uses the remove() function to delete their encryption binary for defense evasion. 
    Table 10. Credential Access
    Technique Title ID Use
    Credential Access TA0006 Interlock actors download credential stealer cht.exe and execute other versions information stealers (including Lumma Stealer and Berserk Stealer) to harvest credentials.
    Credentials from Password Stores: Credentials from Web Browsers T1555.003 Interlock actors download a credential stealer that collects login information and associated URLs for victims’ online accounts.
    Input Capture T1056 Interlock actors execute Lumma Stealer and Berserk Stealer information stealers on victim systems.
    Input Capture: Keylogging T1056.001 Interlock actors download klg.dll, a keylogger binary, onto compromised systems, where it logs users’ keystrokes in a file named conhost.txt
    Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets: Kerberoasting T1558.003 Interlock actors possibly use a Kerberoasting attack to compromise domain administrator accounts. 
    Table 11. Discovery
    Technique Title ID Use
    System Owner/User Discovery T1033 Interlock actors execute a PowerShell command WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent() on victim systems to retrieve a WindowsIdentity object that represents the current Windows user.
    System Information Discovery T1082

    Interlock actors execute a PowerShell command systeminfo on victim systems to access detailed configuration information about the system, including OS configuration, security information, product ID, and hardware properties.

    Interlock actors execute a PowerShell command Get-PSDrive on victim systems to discover the drives in the current session, such as: 

    • Windows logical drives on the computer, including drives mapped to network shares.
    • Drives exposed by PowerShell providers.
    • Session-specified temporary drives and persistent mapped network drives.
    System Service Discovery T1007

    Interlock actors execute a PowerShell command tasklist /svc on victim systems that lists service information for each process currently running on the system. 

    Actors also execute a PowerShell command Get-Service on victim systems that retrieves objects that represent the services (including running and stopped services) on the system.

    System Network Configuration Discovery T1016 Interlock actors execute a PowerShell command arp -a on victim systems that displays and modifies entries in the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache table (which contains entries on the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses on host endpoints).
    Table 12. Lateral Movement
    Technique Title ID Use
    Valid Accounts T1078 Interlock actors harvest and abuse valid credentials for lateral movement and privilege escalation.
    Remote Services: Remote Desktop Protocol T1021.001 Interlock actors use RDP and valid credentials to move laterally between systems.
    Table 13. Collection
    Technique Title ID Use
    Data from Cloud Storage T1530 Interlock actors use StorageExplorer.exe, the cloud storage solution Azure Storage Explorer, to explore Microsoft Azure Storage accounts. 
    Table 14. Command and Control
    Technique Title ID Use
    Command and Control TA0011 Interlock actors use applications Cobalt Strike and SystemBC for C2. 
    Ingress Tool Transfer T1105

    Interlock actors use a fake Google Chrome or Microsoft Edge browser update to cause users to execute a RAT on the victimized system.

    Interlock actors download credential stealers (cht.exe) and keylogger binaries (klg.dll) once actors establish remote control of a compromised system. 

    Remote Access Tools T1219 Interlock actors use legitimate remote access tools such as AnyDesk to enable remote connectivity and PuTTY to assist with lateral movement.
    Table 15. Exfiltration
    Technique Title  ID Use
    Exfiltration Over Web Service: Exfiltration to Cloud Storage T1567.002 Interlock actors exfiltrate data to cloud storage by executing AzCopy to upload data to the Azure storage blob.
    Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol T1048 Interlock actors use file transfer tools like WinSCP to exfiltrate data.
    Table 16. Impact
    Technique Title  ID Use
    Data Encrypted for Impact T1486

    Interlock actors encrypt victim data using a combined AES and RSA algorithm on compromised systems to interrupt availability to system and network resources. Actors code encryptors using C/C++. Interlock actors use encryptors for both Windows and Linux operating systems. 

    Interlock actors also use a FreeBSD ELF encryptor to encrypt victim data. 

    Financial Theft   T1657 Interlock actors deliver a ransom note titled !__README__!.txt via a GPO which provides victims with instructions to use a .onion URL to contact the actors over the Tor network. Actors use a double-extortion model, both encrypting victim data and threatening release of victim data on their Tor network leak site if the ransom is not paid.

    The authoring agencies recommend organizations implement the mitigations below to improve your organization’s cybersecurity posture on the basis of the Interlock ransomware actors’ activity. These mitigations align with the Cross-Sector Cybersecurity Performance Goals (CPGs) developed by CISA and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The CPGs provide a minimum set of practices and protections that CISA and NIST recommend all organizations implement. CISA and NIST based the CPGs on existing cybersecurity frameworks and guidance to protect against the most common and impactful threats and TTPs. Visit CISA’s CPGs webpage for more information on the CPGs, including additional recommended baseline protections.

    In addition to the below mitigations, Healthcare and Public Health (HPH) organizations should use HPH Sector CPGs to implement cybersecurity protections to address the most common threats and TTPs used against this sector.

    At-risk organizations should implement the following mitigations:

    • Prevent Interlock ransomware actors from obtaining initial access:
      • Implement domain name system (DNS) filtering to block users from accessing malicious sites and applications.
      • Implement web access firewalls to mitigate and prevent unknown commands or process injection from malicious domains or websites.
      • Train users [CPG 2.I] to identify, avoid, and report social engineering attempts.
    • Implement a recovery plan [CPG 5.A] to maintain and retain multiple copies of sensitive or proprietary data and servers in a physically separate, segmented, and secure location (e.g., hard drive, storage device, the cloud) [CPG 2.R].
    • Require all accounts with password logins (e.g., service accounts, admin accounts, and domain admin accounts) to comply with NIST password standards.
      • Require employees to use long passwords [CPG 2.B] and consider not requiring recurring password changes, as these can weaken security.
    • Require MFA [CPG 2.H] for all services to the extent possible, particularly for webmail, virtual private networks (VPNs), and accounts that access critical systems.
      • Implement ICAM policies across the organization as a precursor to MFA.
    • Keep all operating systems, software, and firmware up to date; prioritize patching known exploited vulnerabilities in internet-facing systems [CPG 1.E].
      • Timely patching is efficient and cost effective for minimizing an organization’s exposure to cybersecurity threats.
    • Implement robust EDR capabilities on VMs, systems, and networks.
    • Segment networks [CPG 2.F] to prevent the spread of ransomware.
      • Network segmentation can help prevent the spread of ransomware by controlling traffic flows between—and access to—various subnetworks and by restricting adversary lateral movement.
    • Identify, detect, and investigate abnormal activity and potential traversal of the indicated ransomware [CPG 3.A] with a networking monitoring tool [CPG 2.T].
      • To aid in detecting ransomware, implement a tool that logs and reports all network traffic, including lateral movement activity on a network.
      • Implement EDR tools; these are useful for detecting lateral connections as they provide insight into common and uncommon network connections for each host.
    • Filter network traffic by preventing unknown or untrusted origins from accessing remote services on internal systems.
      • This prevents threat actors from directly connecting to remote access services that they have established for persistence.
    • Install, regularly update, and enable real time detection for antivirus software on all hosts.
    • Review domain controllers, servers, workstations, and active directories for new and/or unrecognized accounts.
    • Audit user accounts with administrative privileges and configure access controls according to the principle of least privilege [CPG 2.E].
    • Disable unused ports.
    • Consider adding an email banner to emails received from outside of your organization [CPG 2.M].
    • Disable hyperlinks in received emails.
    • Implement time-based access for accounts set at the admin level and higher; for example, the just-in-time (JIT) access method provisions privileged access when needed and can support enforcement of the principle of least privilege (as well as the Zero Trust model):
      • This is a process where a network-wide policy is set in place to automatically disable admin accounts at the Active Directory level when the account is not in direct need.
      • Individual users may submit their requests through an automated process that grants them access to a specified system for a set timeframe when they need to support the completion of a certain task.
    • Disable command line and scripting activities and permissions [CPG 2.N].
      • Disabling software utilities that run from the command line makes it more difficult for threat actors to escalate privileges and move laterally.
    • Maintain offline backups of data and regularly maintain backups and restorations [CPG 2.R]; this avoids severe service interruption and irretrievable data in the event of a compromise.
    • Ensure all backup data is encrypted, immutable (i.e., cannot be altered or deleted), and covers the entire organization’s data infrastructure [CPG 2.R].

    In addition to applying mitigations, the authoring agencies recommend exercising, testing, and validating your organization’s security program against the threat behaviors mapped to the MITRE ATT&CK for Enterprise framework in this advisory. The authoring agencies recommend testing your existing security controls inventory to assess how they perform against the ATT&CK techniques described in this advisory.

    To get started:

    1. Select an ATT&CK technique described in this advisory (see Table 5 through Table 16).
    2. Align your security technologies against the technique.
    3. Test your technologies against the technique.
    4. Analyze your detection and prevention technologies’ performance.
    5. Repeat the process for all security technologies to obtain a set of comprehensive performance data.
    6. Tune your security program, including people, processes, and technologies, based on the data generated by this process.

    The authoring agencies recommend continually testing your security program, at scale, in a production environment to ensure optimal performance against the MITRE ATT&CK techniques identified in this advisory.

    Your organization has no obligation to respond or provide information back to FBI in response to this joint advisory. If, after reviewing the information provided, your organization decides to provide information to FBI, reporting must be consistent with applicable state and federal laws.

    FBI is interested in any information that can be shared, to include boundary logs showing communication to and from foreign IP addresses, a sample ransom note, communications with threat actors, Bitcoin wallet information, decryptor files, and/or a benign sample of an encrypted file.

    Additional details of interest include a targeted company point of contact, status and scope of infection, estimated loss, operational impact, transaction IDs, date of infection, date detected, initial attack vector, and host- and network-based indicators.

    The authoring agencies do not encourage paying ransom as payment does not guarantee victim files will be recovered. Furthermore, payment may also embolden adversaries to target additional organizations, encourage other criminal actors to engage in the distribution of ransomware, and/or fund illicit activities. Regardless of whether you or your organization have decided to pay the ransom, FBI and CISA urge you to promptly report ransomware incidents to FBI’s Internet Crime Complain Center (IC3), a local FBI Field Office, or CISA via the agency’s Incident Reporting System or its 24/7 Operations Center (contact@mail.cisa.dhs.gov) or by calling 1-844-Say-CISA (1-844-729-2472).

    State, local, tribal, and territorial governments should report incidents to the MS-ISAC (SOC@cisecurity.org or 866-787-4722).

    HPH Sector organizations should report incidents to FBI or CISA but also can reach out to HHS at HHScyber@hhs.gov for cyber incident support focused on mitigating adverse patient impacts.

    The information in this report is being provided “as is” for informational purposes only. The authoring agencies do not endorse any commercial entity, product, company, or service, including any entities, products, or services linked within this document. Any reference to specific commercial entities, products, processes, or services by service mark, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favor by the authoring agencies. 

    Cisco Talos contributed to this advisory.

    July 22, 2025: Initial version.

    1 Elio Biasiotto, et. al., “Unwrapping the Emerging Interlock Ransomware Attack,” Talos Intelligence (blog), Cisco Talos, last modified November 7, 2024, https://blog.talosintelligence.com/emerging-interlock-ransomware/.

    2 Sekoia Threat Detection and Research team, “Interlock Ransomware Evolving Under the Radar,” Sekoia (blog), Sekoia, last modified April 16, 2025, https://blog.sekoia.io/interlock-ransomware-evolving-under-the-radar/.

    3 Yashvi Shah and Vignesh Dhatchanamoorthy, “ClickFix Deception: A Social Engineering Tactic to Deploy Malware,” McAfee Labs (blog), McAfee,last modified June 11, 2024, https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/clickfix-deception-a-social-engineering-tactic-to-deploy-malware/ and “HC3 Sector Alert: ClickFix Attacks,” Health Sector Cybersecurity Coordination Center, Department of Health and Human Services, last modified October 29, 2024, https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/clickfix-attacks-sector-alert-tlpclear.pdf.

    4 Shah, “ClickFix Deception: A Social Engineering Tactic to Deploy Malware.”

    5 Sekoia Threat Detection and Research team, “Interlock Ransomware Evolving Under the Radar.

    6 Bill Toulas, “Interlock Ransomware Gang Deploys New NodeSnake RAT on Universities,“ Bleeping Computer, May 28, 2025, https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/interlock-ransomware-gang-deploys-new-nodesnake-rat-on-universities/.

    7 Biasiotto, “Unwrapping the Emerging Interlock Ransomware Attack.”

    8 International law-enforcement and Microsoft took down the Lumma Stealer malware in May 2025 by seizing internet domains the actors used to distribute the malware to actors and taking down domains that hosted the malware’s infrastructure. For more information, see Tara Seals, “Lumma Stealer Takedown Reveals Sprawling Operation,” Dark Reading, May 21, 2025, https://www.darkreading.com/cybersecurity-operations/lumma-stealer-takedown-sprawling-operation, and Steven Masada, “Disrupting Lumma Stealer: Microsoft Leads Global Action Against Favored Cybercrime Tool,” Microsoft On the Issues (blog), Microsoft, last modified May 21, 2025, https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2025/05/21/microsoft-leads-global-action-against-favored-cybercrime-tool/.

    9 Sekoia Threat Detection and Research team, “Interlock Ransomware Evolving Under the Radar.”

    10 Biasiotto, “Unwrapping the Emerging Interlock Ransomware Attack.”

    11 Biasiotto, “Unwrapping the Emerging Interlock Ransomware Attack.”

    12 Biasiotto, “Unwrapping the Emerging Interlock Ransomware Attack.”

    13 Biasiotto, “Unwrapping the Emerging Interlock Ransomware Attack.”

    14 Lawrence Abrams, “Meet Interlock — The New Ransomware Targeting FreeBSD Servers,” Bleeping Computer, November 3, 2024, https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/meet-interlock-the-new-ransomware-targeting-freebsd-servers/.

    15 Biasiotto, “Unwrapping the Emerging Interlock Ransomware Attack.”

    16 Graham Cluley, “Interlock Ransomware: What You Need to Know,” Fortra (blog), Fortra, last modified May 30, 2025, https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/interlock-ransomware-what-you-need-know.

    17 Sekoia Threat Detection and Research team, “Interlock Ransomware Evolving Under the Radar.”

    MIL Security OSI

  • MIL-OSI Analysis: There is no known cure for ALS, but medical tourism exploits desperation for profit

    Source: The Conversation – Canada – By Judy Illes, Professor, Neurology, University of British Columbia

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurological disorder of unknown cause, in which motor nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord that transmit signals to muscles progressively degenerate. This weakens limbs and affects speech, swallowing and ultimately the ability to breathe, resulting in death, typically within just a few years.

    Each year in Canada, approximately two people per 100,000 are diagnosed with ALS, amounting to about 1,000 cases based on the current population. In British Columbia, where we are located, the rate is estimated at just over three per 100,000 or roughly 190 new cases per year.

    This equates to approximately 4,000 Canadiansand 400 British Columbians — living with ALS at any given time.

    Rigorous ALS research is underway locally, nationally and internationally to slow — and ideally reverse — the relentless progression of this disease. Significant advances in understanding the genetic and environmental drivers of ALS are providing genuine hope that motor neuron diseases will one day be defeated.

    As experts in neurology and ethics, we are committed to delivering the best available health care and information throughout B.C. and across Canada. Trust in science and informed hope are essential to achieving the best possible outcomes and the longest possible trajectories in enjoying life when facing the overwhelming odds of ALS.

    A disturbing case

    In June, CBC’s The National reported on the case of Geoff Sando, a person living with ALS who pursued an unproven intervention for his condition. Sando travelled to Moose Jaw, Sask., to seek treatment at a clinic that claims to provide a cure for ALS.

    CBC’s The National reports on a Saskatchewan clinic claiming to offer ALS treatments.

    The ALS Society of Saskatchewan and the provincial New Democrat Party allege the clinic attended by Sando and several other patients is a form of medical tourism — travelling elsewhere to seek treatment — that can prey on the most vulnerable in society: those whose quality of life is deteriorating, and whose futures are tragically cut short.

    Medical tourism for a wide variety of other health-related conditions is not new. For example, treatments for cancer, strokes and orthopedic conditions have been available abroad for decades.

    In the United States and Mexico, unfounded stem cell interventions for ALS have been advertised for years. But until recently, it had been unusual to find such offerings in Canada. Their emergence speaks to the need for Health Canada to revisit its guidance on both regulated health and unregulated wellness products, including all forms of treatments, medications and device-based approaches.




    Read more:
    Giving patients the ‘right to try’ experimental drugs is a political maneuver, not a lifesaver


    We understand the urgency and desire to pursue any thread of hope in the face of desperation, but claims of dramatic improvement or cures from ALS by unregulated clinics that seem too good to be true are likely just that.

    Before investing in alternative treatments, we recommend that patients conduct their due diligence by consulting with their health-care team and their provincial ALS society for guidance. Ineffective interventions can jeopardize not only recipients, but also caregivers, especially when financial resources are drained.

    Trusted sources

    Developing approved therapies for ALS has been painfully slow, as evidenced by the failure of more than 95 per cent of ALS clinical trials in the past 28 years. Only three drugs — riluzole, edaravone and tofersen — have been approved by Health Canada and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

    Although riluzole and edaravone are only modestly effective, they remain the only widely approved pharmacological options for all forms of ALS. Tofersen is the first gene therapy recently approved to treat hereditary ALS caused by SOD1 gene abnormalities. Other treatments are being evaluated worldwide.

    This marks only the beginning of such treatment approaches to not only hereditary ALS but also non-hereditary ALS, which makes up about 90 per cent of all cases.




    Read more:
    A promising new study could lead to a reduction in symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)


    For those affected by ALS and their families, ample resources are provided by various organizations, including ALS Canada and related provincial organizations, including the ALS Society of BC.

    Future hope

    Canadians generally trust science and scientists more than citizens of other countries and, on the whole, value science and believe in our government’s support for the work that scientists do.

    But in this time of geopolitical upheaval, vast incursions of disinformation and reversals of prior evidence-based human and health rights abroad means keeping up this level of trust — trust that leads to hope — will only become more challenging.

    The disproportionate suffering and impact on people who are marginalized by serious health conditions will only grow if dubious treatment offerings become normalized in Canada.

    Erik P Pioro consults for MT Pharma, which manufactures edaravone (Radicava) and for Biogen, which manufactures tofersen (Qalsody). He has received funding support for ALS research from the ALS Association and the National Institutes of Health.

    Judy Illes does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    ref. There is no known cure for ALS, but medical tourism exploits desperation for profit – https://theconversation.com/there-is-no-known-cure-for-als-but-medical-tourism-exploits-desperation-for-profit-261057

    MIL OSI Analysis

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Government publishes plan to address presence of chemicals from pet flea and tick treatments in UK waterways

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    Press release

    Government publishes plan to address presence of chemicals from pet flea and tick treatments in UK waterways

    New plans to address the presence of chemicals from flea and tick treatments in rivers and streams across the UK have been unveiled today

    New plans to address the presence of chemicals from flea and tick treatments in rivers and streams across the UK have been unveiled today (Tuesday 22 July).

    The initiative by the Cross-Government Pharmaceuticals in the Environment (PiE) Group focuses primarily on two chemicals – fipronil and imidacloprid – commonly used in topical parasite treatments for pets. These medicines play an essential role in protecting both animal and human health against fleas and ticks, however there are growing concerns around the amount of fipronil and imidacloprid finding its way into UK rivers and lakes .  

    The new roadmap outlines key actions to reduce levels of flea and tick treatments in the environment while protecting animal welfare – which includes commissioning research to better understand this issue and using this evidence to support an international review of environmental risk assessment guidelines . The three key stages of the roadmap are:

    • Communication and Education (Short Term):
      The Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) will collaborate with veterinary professionals and industry stakeholders to improve pet owner awareness about the appropriate use and disposal of flea and tick treatments.

    • Evidence Gathering (Medium Term):
      The group will build a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impacts of these chemicals, alongside evaluating potential consequences of changing use patterns on animal and human health. The VMD has commissioned scientific research investigating how these substances enter rivers and streams and is working closely with the Environment Agency to assess the environmental risks they pose.

    • Regulatory Actions (Long Term):
      Based on the evidence collected, the PiE Group will support a review of international environmental risk assessment guidelines and consider future regulatory approaches to mitigate environmental risks.

    Defra Biosecurity Minister, Baroness Hayman said:

    This Government is absolutely committed to restoring nature and reducing harms posed by chemicals in the environment.

    Our new Roadmap will develop a better understanding of the impact of flea and tick treatments on the environment, while recognising these treatments play a vital role in pet and human health.

    Abigail Seager, Chief Executive Officer of the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD), said:

    This roadmap represents an important step forward in ensuring that the benefits of effective parasite control are maintained while taking necessary actions to reduce environmental risks.

    It reflects our commitment to an evidence-based approach, working closely with partners across government to protect both animal health and the environment.

    Kelly Short, Environment Agency Chemicals Manager said:

    The launch of this roadmap is an important step in tackling the presence of harmful chemicals like fipronil and imidacloprid in our rivers and streams.

    By improving public awareness, building the evidence base, and working together to assess environmental risks, we can take meaningful action to protect our water environment and the wildlife that depends on it.

     The PiE Group brings together key government bodies, including the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD), Environment Agency (EA), Health and Safety Executive (HSE), Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), and representatives from devolved administrations in Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

    This collaborative initiative aims to develop a coordinated strategy to reduce the environmental impact of pharmaceuticals from human, veterinary, agricultural, and non-agricultural sources.

    ENDS

    Notes to Editors:

    • The full roadmap is available at: Cross-government Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Group Roadmap – GOV.UK

    • All flea and tick treatments authorised in the UK have undergone an environmental risk assessment (ERA). This is a requirement for all veterinary pharmaceuticals authorised by the VMD. Currently, for pharmaceuticals for companion animals, the ERA is limited to an exposure assessment, known as a Phase I assessment. This is based on VICH (International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products) guidelines. Due to environmental concerns, the VMD are supporting a call for a review of the process for assessing environmental risk from parasiticides for companion animals at an international level and are gathering evidence to inform future policy decisions.

    Updates to this page

    Published 22 July 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI Canada: Government of Canada improves access to health services for Francophone minority communities

    Source: Government of Canada News

    Backgrounder

    July 22, 2025

    The following projects aim to improve access to health services in French for official language minority communities (OLMCs) across Canada.

    Société Santé en français (SSF)

    Project: Agir ensemble pour améliorer l’accès aux services de santé pour les communautés francophones et acadienne vivant en situation minoritaire au Canada (“Working together to improve access to health services for Francophone and Acadian minority communities in Canada”)

    Funding: $37,125,000

    The SSF project will deploy health networking activities in partnership with its 16 networks across the country to improve access to health services for minority francophone communities. This project will also support innovation that focuses on the integration of bilingual health workers, as well as the adaptation of existing health services to improve access for OLMCs. Funding allocated to the SSF includes support for their national secretariat and 16 networks, four of which are located in the Atlantic region:

    • SSF secretariat will receive $6,810,300;
    • Networks in Atlantic Canada:
      • Réseaux Société Santé et mieux-être en français du Nouveau-Brunswick (New Brunswick) will receive $3,230,305; 
      • Réseau Santé – Nouvelle-Écosse (Nova Scotia) will receive $1,274,550;
      • Réseau Santé en français de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador (Newfoundland & Labrador) will receive $938,910; and
      • Réseau Santé en français Î.-P.-É. (Prince Edward Island) will receive $870,330

    Association des collèges et universités de la francophonie canadienne – Consortium national de formation en santé (ACUFC – CNFS)

    Project: Secrétariat national du Consortium national de formation (CNFS-ACUFC) – projet de Formation et maintien en poste des professionnels de la santé

    Funding: $9,463,536

    The ACUFC-CNFS project aims to increase access, recruitment and training to health programs in francophone post-secondary institutions, as well as increase internship and placement opportunities in Francophone minority communities. The ACUFC-CNFS is a national secretariat working closely with 16 francophone post-secondary institutions across Canada.

    Five Atlantic Canada post-secondary training institutions, members of the Association des collèges et universités de la francophonie canadienne – Consortium national de formation en santé (ACUFC – CNFS)

    Project: Formation et maintien en poste des professionnels de la santé (“Training and retention of health professionals”)

    Funding: $32,066,600

    • The Université de Moncton will receive $13,775,410 to increase the number of students enrolling in the following health programs: Bachelor’s in nutrition, Baccalaureate in nursing sciences, Master’s degree for nurse practitioners, Certificate and Master’s degree in health services management, Bachelor’s degree in social work and Doctorate in psychology. 
    • The Gouvernement de Nouveau-Brunswick – Centre de formation médicale will receive $10,439,250 to increase the number of students enrolling in their Undergraduate medicine program. 
    • The Collège communautaire du Nouveau-Brunswick will receive $4,932,535 to increase the number of students enrolling in the following health programs: Personal support work, Auxiliary nurse, Paramedical care, Mental health intervention techniques and aging, Pharmacy techniques, Rehabilitation techniques, Medical electrophysiology technology (cardiology), Medical radiation techniques, Respiratory therapy and Dental assistant. 
    • The Université Sainte-Anne will receive $1,958,295 to increase capacity in the following health programs: Rehabilitation assistant, Continuing care assistant and Bachelor’s degree in social work. 
    • The Collège de l’Île will receive $961,110 to increase capacity in the following health programs: Personal support work and Youth support work. 

    MIL OSI Canada News

  • MIL-OSI Africa: Southern Africa Enhances Early Warning Systems as Event-Based Surveillance Guidelines are Launched in Three Countries

    Source: APO


    .

    Three Southern African countries now have Event-Based Surveillance (EBS) Guidelines—a critical tool for detecting and responding to emerging health risks. Event-based surveillance systems collect and analyse information from diverse sources, including communities, the media, and healthcare workers, to detect unusual health events in real time. They complement traditional indicator-based surveillance and are designed to support rapid public health responses.

    Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe were supported in developing their guidelines by the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC).

    The Botswana Event-Based Surveillance Guidelines were launched on 24 June in Gaborone.

    “By institutionalising a robust early warning system, the health sector will be empowered to detect signals of potential disease threats at their earliest stages,” said Dr Stephen Modise, MP, Minister of Health and Wellness.

    Speaking on Dr Modise’s behalf, Dr Rex Kealebile Segadimo, Acting Secretary for Specialised Health Care, said the launch of these guidelines marks a significant milestone in Botswana’s efforts to strengthen its public health system.

    “This will enable the country to assess risks with precision and respond in a science-based manner, preventing threats from escalating into full-blown crises.”

    Dr Modise further stated: “The institutionalisation of a robust early warning system will enable us to stay ahead of emerging health risks and respond effectively to protect the health and well-being of our citizens.”

    Dr Lul Riek, the Africa CDC Regional Director for Southern Africa, reaffirmed his commitment to supporting Botswana and all AU Member States in operationalising these guidelines. This support will include capacity building, mentorship, digital tools, and regional coordination—as well as fostering peer learning and cross-border collaboration—recognising that no country can achieve health security in isolation.

    With these guidelines in place, Botswana is now better equipped to respond quickly and effectively to emerging health threats, ultimately protecting the health and well-being of its citizens.

    Officiating the launch in Windhoek, Namibia, also on 24 June, the country’s Minister of Health and Social Services, Dr Esperance Luvindao, noted that EBS plays a critical role in addressing the increasing number of public health emergencies in the country. The new surveillance system is a timely intervention, as the country faces rising risks of communicable diseases such as malaria and cholera, increasingly influenced by climate-related factors.

    She described the launch as a true demonstration of Namibia’s commitment to being proactive in disease preparedness. “Real-time detection of public health threats is essential to mitigate the impact of outbreaks, especially in the face of shifting disease patterns,” she said.

    The Minister also called for a multifaceted approach to health security and emphasised the importance of establishing and prioritising National Public Health Institutes (NPHIs) to coordinate preparedness, response, and mitigation efforts.

    The Ministry of Health and Child Care (MoHCC) in Zimbabwe launched its EBS Guidelines on 18 June in Harare.

    “We are not gathered here merely to unveil a policy document,” said Dr Aspect Maunganidze, Secretary for Health and Child Care. “We are here to affirm a national commitment—to declare that the health and safety of every Zimbabwean is our highest priority.”

    He explained that the EBS guidelines represent a strategic shift from reactive to proactive preparedness, empowering health authorities to detect early warning signs of public health threats before they escalate.

    Ms Batsirai Mbodza, Regional Programme Lead for Africa CDC, emphasised the critical importance of implementation.

    “Guidelines alone will not stop outbreaks. The real impact lies in how well they are implemented,” she said. “These tools must reach health workers in clinics, surveillance officers in the field, and community leaders, often the first to sense when something is amiss.”

    On behalf of UNICEF, Mr Diop Daouda stressed the need for inclusivity in the country’s surveillance systems.

    “Surveillance systems must be inclusive, they must reach the most remote villages, informal settlements, and border communities,” he said, adding: “They must consider gender dynamics, disability, and cultural norms. No signal should go unnoticed, because no life is dispensable.”

    Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC).

    MIL OSI Africa

  • MIL-OSI Africa: New Roadmap to Strengthen Health Security in Central Africa

    Source: APO


    .

    Africa CDC and strategic health partners operating in Central Africa have drawn up an outline of a joint 2026–2027 roadmap to strengthen health security in the Central African region.

    Central Africa, like the rest of the continent, is deeply affected by recurrent or prolonged health crises, with the emergence and re-emergence of infectious threats. These threats challenge the resilience of healthcare systems and underline the need for an integrated, multi-sectoral and proactive approach. These public health emergencies are a powerful reminder that no country can effectively and sustainably deal with cross-border health threats on its own.

    “This joint planning process is much more than a technical exercise. It is a key moment to strengthen our regional public health architecture, foster the interoperability of our alert systems, promote data sharing and expertise, and facilitate more effective mobilisation of available resources,” said Dr Brice Wilfried Bicaba, Director of Africa CDC’s Regional Coordinating Centre for Central Africa (CA RCC).

    Africa CDC, through its CA RCC, brought together technical and institutional representatives from regional bodies including the Commission of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and the Organisation for Coordination in the Fight Against Endemic Diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC) of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC), from 16 to 18 June 2025 in Equatorial Guinea.

    The inaugural strategic joint planning workshop was aimed at strengthening collaboration and coordination between Africa CDC, Regional Economic Communities and health institutions to improve prevention, preparedness and response to health emergencies in Central Africa. Africa CDC and its partners also came up with a consolidated 2025 plan.

    “The 2025 joint action plan will serve as an operational guide for the coming months, focusing on concrete actions to strengthen regional coordination and governance, reinforce integrated health systems and the control of high-burden diseases, enhance surveillance, data collection and early warning, as well as build national capacity in terms of networks and laboratory systems,” added Dr Bicaba.

    The joint roadmap 2026–2027 lays the foundations for a structured response that is more effective, efficient, sustainable and aligned with continental and regional frameworks such as the New Public Health Order for Africa, the Africa CDC Strategic Plan 2023–2027, the Regional Strategic Plans for Preparedness and Response to Public Health Emergencies, cross-border surveillance of diseases with epidemic potential under the ‘One Health’ approach, and the ECCAS ‘One Health’ Platform for the period 2025–2029, as well as the 2023–2027 Five-Year Strategic Plan of the OCEAC.

    “This roadmap reflects our collective commitment to building a community that is better prepared, more resilient and more responsive to health threats. Coordination with Africa CDC and other regional health organisations is essential if we are to achieve genuine health security in Central Africa,” said Dr Peggy Raymonde Conjugo-Batoma, Head of the Health Department of the Commission of ECCAS.

    The various stakeholders have also defined a coordination and monitoring framework for the joint implementation of health initiatives in the Central African region over the period 2025–2027. The main aim of this framework is to establish an effective coordination and accountability mechanism for the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of joint regional health security activities in Central Africa, while ensuring optimum synergy between the key players.

    “I welcome this initiative, which strengthens regional solidarity around our shared priorities,” said Mr Mitoha Ondo’o Ayekaba, Equatorial Guinea’s Minister of Health. “The results of your work reflect not only the richness of your contributions but also the collective commitment and strong desire to face cross-border health threats together. They are also an illustration of strengthened regional cooperation between national institutions, regional economic communities and technical partners in the interests of our populations,” said Mr Ayekaba, who is also a member of the steering committee of the Central African RCC.

    “I am personally committed to overseeing the implementation of the joint roadmap and to advocating vigorously with my colleagues to secure the necessary political support,” he said.

    This inaugural workshop has been hailed by the Minister of Health and Africa CDC’s partners as a model of multi-sector collaboration, mobilising the technical expertise, political priorities and resources of the various stakeholders around a common vision.

    “It marks an important step in Africa CDC’s ambition to build a more robust, integrated and inclusive continental public health system that is better prepared to deal with future health emergencies,” said Dr Bicaba.

    The representatives present in Malabo also recommended co-developing collaboration protocols between the various institutions, integrating Africa CDC’s Regional Coordinating Centre for Central Africa as an observer or technical member at decision-making and technical meetings of the RECs relating to public health, health emergency management and health security, and strengthening the capacities of Member States in health planning and coordination.

    Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC).

    MIL OSI Africa

  • MIL-OSI United Nations: Gaza: UN staff now fainting from hunger, exhaustion; WHO worker detained

    Source: United Nations MIL OSI

    Doctors, nurses, journalists, humanitarians, among them UNRWA staff, are hungryfainting due to hunger and exhaustion while performing their duties,” said Juliette Touma, Director of Communications with the UN agency for Palestine refugees, UNRWA. 

    Speaking from Amman, she stressed that seeking food “has become as deadly as the bombardments.”

    The development comes as the UN human rights office, OHCHR, announced on Tuesday that more than 1,000 Palestinians have now been killed by the Israeli military while trying to get food in Gaza since the so-called Gaza Humanitarian Foundation (GHF) started operating on 27 May. 

    “As of 21 July, we have recorded 1,054 people killed in Gaza while trying to get food,” said OHCHR spokesperson Thameen Al-Kheetan; “766 of them were killed in the vicinity of GHF sites and 288 near UN and other humanitarian organizations’ aid convoys.” 

    Mr. Al-Kheetan noted that the finding came from “multiple reliable sources on the ground, including medical teams, humanitarian and human rights organizations. It is still being verified in line with our strict methodology.”

    The Foundation’s hubs are supported by the US and Israeli authorities and started operating in southern Gaza on 27 May, bypassing the UN and other established NGOs. 

    Aid relief is not a job for mercenaries

    “The so-called GHF distribution scheme is a sadistic death-trap,” UNRWA’s Ms. Touma said. “Snipers open fire randomly on crowds, as if they’re given a licence to kill.” 

    Quoting a statement by UNRWA head Philippe Lazzarini, Ms. Touma called the scheme a “massive hunt of people in total impunity.”

    “This cannot be our new norm. Humanitarian assistance is not the job of mercenaries,” she added.

    The UNRWA spokesperson insisted that the UN and its humanitarian partners have the expertise, experience and available resources to provide safe, dignified and at-scale assistance. 

    “We have proven it time and again during the last ceasefire,” she said.

    Living conditions in the Strip have reached a new low as prices for basic commodities have increased by around 4,000 per cent. For Gaza’s inhabitants who have lost their homes and been displaced multiple times, they have no income and find themselves completely deprived of essentials.

    A child waits for food in Gaza.

    $200 for a bag of flour

    Ms. Touma highlighted the testimony of a colleague on the ground who had to walk for hours to buy a bag of lentils and some flour, paying almost $200 for it. 

    On Monday, the UN World Food Programme (WFP) said that a quarter of Gaza’s population faces famine-like conditions. Almost 100,000 women and children are suffering from severe acute malnutrition and need treatment as soon as possible.

    Vital everyday items such as diapers are scarce and costly, at about $3 each. Mothers have resorted to using plastic bags instead, while one father “said that he had to cut one of his last shirts to give his daughter sanitary pads,” Ms. Touma said.

    “We at UNRWA have stocks of hygiene supplies, including diapers for babies and for adults waiting outside the gates of Gaza,” Ms. Touma stressed, insisting that the agency has 6,000 trucks loaded with food, medicines and hygiene supplies waiting in Egypt and in Jordan to be allowed into the enclave.

    Urgent ceasefire call

    She reiterated the UN’s calls for “a deal that would bring a ceasefire, that would release the hostages, that would bring in a standard flow of humanitarian supplies into Gaza under the management of the United Nations, including UNRWA.”

    Humanitarian operations in the enclave are being pushed into an “ever-shrinking space”, said World Health Organization (WHO) spokesperson Tarik Jašarević.

    Briefing journalists in Geneva, he condemned three attacks on Monday on a building housing WHO staff in Deir Al-Balah in central Gaza, as well as the “mistreatment of those sheltering there and the destruction of its main warehouse.”

    “Staff and their families, including children, were exposed to grave danger and traumatized after airstrikes caused a fire and significant damage,” Mr. Jašarević said, adding that Israeli military entered the premises, “forcing women and children to evacuate on foot” towards the coastal shelter of Al Mawasi amid active conflict. 

    Screened at gunpoint

    The WHO spokesperson said that staff and family members were “handcuffed, stripped, interrogated on the spot and screened at gunpoint.” Two staff and two family members were detained and while three were later released, one WHO staff member remains in detention for reasons unknown to the organization.

    Mr. Jašarević called for the release of the detained staff member and insisted that “no one should be held without charges and without due process.”

    The latest evacuation order for the area has impacted several WHO premises and compromised its presence on the ground, “crippling efforts to sustain a collapsing health system,” Mr. Jašarević added, and “pushing survival further out of reach for more than two million people.” 

    The Israeli military operation in Deir Al-Balah on Monday also caused an explosion and fire inside WHO’s main warehouse, which is located within the evacuation zone in the central Gazan city – “part of a pattern of systematic destruction of health facilities,” the agency’s spokesperson said.

    According to Gaza’s health authorities, since the start of the war in October 2023 some 1,500 health workers have been killed in the Strip. Some 94 per cent of all health facilities have been damaged and half of Gaza’s hospitals are “not functional at all,” Mr. Jašarević said. 

    “The chance to prevent loss of lives and reverse immense damage to the health system slips further out of reach every day,” he stressed.

    Visa denials 

    Spotlighting further challenges to the humanitarian operation in Gaza, the WHO spokesperson pointed to an increase in the denial of visas by the Israeli authorities for emergency medical teams seeking to enter the Strip since the breakdown of the latest ceasefire between Israel and Hamas on 18 March. 

    He said that 58 international staff for the emergency medical teams, including surgeons and critical medical specialists, have been denied access.

    UNRWA’s Ms. Touma highlighted the fact that ever since the agency’s Commissioner-General was denied entry to Gaza in March 2024, he has not been allowed back into the Strip. He has also not received a visa from Israel to enter the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, for more than a year. 

    The UNRWA spokesperson also deplored the lack of access for international media to the enclave. 

    “It certainly is time, if not long overdue, for international media to go into Gaza precisely to look into the facts and to help with reporting first-hand information on the horrors that people in Gaza are living through,” she said. 

    MIL OSI United Nations News

  • MIL-OSI USA: Vietnamese national dies in ICE custody

    Source: US Immigration and Customs Enforcement

    SAN ANTONIO — Tien Xuan Phan, a 55-year-old citizen of Vietnam in the custody of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, was pronounced deceased by the Methodist Hospital Northeast at 5:48 p.m. July 19. The cause of death is still under investigation.

    Phan was being detained at the Karnes County Immigration Processing Center in Karnes City. Phan was taken to Otto Kaiser Memorial Hospital on July 18 for evaluation due to seizures, vomiting and unresponsiveness, and was later airlifted to the Methodist Hospital Northeast for further evaluation. 

    ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations deportation officers arrested Phan June 2. Phan was ordered removed by an immigration judge on April 2, 2012, but failed to leave the U.S. as ordered. 

    Consistent with ICE policy, ERO notified the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the Office of Inspector General, and the ICE Office of Professional Responsibility via the Integrity Coordination Center. ERO provided notification of the death to the Vietnam Embassy.

    ICE makes official notifications to Congress, nongovernmental organization stakeholders, and the media upon an official report of a detained illegal alien’s death and posts a news release with relevant details on the ICE public website within two business days per agency policy. This information may be accessed in the ICE.gov Newsroom. Additionally, congressional requirements described in the DHS Appropriations Bill of 2018 require ICE to make public all reports regarding an in-custody death within 90 days.

    These reports may be accessed on the Detainee Death Reporting page.

    ICE remains committed to ensuring that all those in its custody reside in safe, secure, and humane environments. Comprehensive medical care is provided from the moment individuals arrive and throughout the entirety of their stay. All people in ICE custody receive medical, dental and mental health intake screening within 12 hours of arriving at each detention facility, a full health assessment within 14 days of entering ICE custody or arrival at a facility, access to medical appointments and 24-hour emergency care. At no time during detention is a detained illegal alien denied emergent care.

    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI: JMU experts offer back-to-school insights on AI, student wellness, and more

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    HARRISONBURG, Va., July 22, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — As AI becomes increasingly embedded in college life, James Madison University is equipping students and faculty with the tools to think critically about its use. Professor Philip Frana, a leading voice on the ethical and educational implications of AI, urges the campus community to go beyond simply using AI — and start questioning it. 

    Topics Frana is available to discuss include: 

    • – Conformity risks: How AI-generated content may push students toward generic, conformist and even mediocre expression. 
    • – The value of originality: How tools that reduce originality or ingenuity have no place in higher education. “AI can aid brainstorming,” he said, “but it can’t replace an authentic student question or genuine personal insight.” 
    • – The design of dependency: How AI interfaces, like social media, are designed to be habit-forming, encouraging overreliance on automation. 
    • – The role of higher education: How universities must guide educators to use AI responsibly in the service of society and empower them to contribute directly to AI innovation on campus. 
    • – The future of education: How AI will increase the need for a university education that encourages critical thinking and fosters ethical reasoning.  

    In addition to Frana, the following experts are available to discuss students’ health and wellness, learning routines, budgeting and dating habits: 

    John Almarode, a professor in the College of Education, researches transitions, recalibrating routines and enhancing learner readiness. 

    Jeremy Akers, a professor in the College of Health and Behavioral Studies, researches nutrition, exercise and weight management. 

    Trent Hargens, a professor in the College of Health and Behavioral Studies, researches the physiological links between sleep quality, physical activity and sedentary behavior. 

    Ron Rubin, a lecturer in the College of Business, helps students understand the importance of personal financing, identifying basic budgeting strategies, how to build creditworthiness and saving for retirement. 

    Dayna Henry, a professor in the College of Health and Behavioral Studies, studies sexuality education and can discuss sexual assault prevention and sexual and relationship health. 

    Jennie Rosier, a professor in the College of Arts and Letters, researches romantic and parent-child relationships and has done several interviews recently on Gen Z dating habits. 

    To arrange an interview with these experts, please contact Chad Saylor at saylorcx@jmu.edu  or Eric Gorton at gortonej@jmu.edu 

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI USA: Medical Procedure Kits Correction: Medline Industries, LP Issues Correction for Medline Craniotomy Kits Containing Codman Disposable Perforators Due to Risk for Device Disassembly

    Source: US Department of Health and Human Services – 3

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    MIL OSI USA News

  • MIL-OSI Africa: Sowing the seeds of digital agriculture in Ethiopia

    Source: APO


    .

    Ethiopia’s agricultural sector is going digital, with new tools offering ways to boost productivity and improve market access. In Addis Ababa, sector leaders and stakeholders explore practical steps for building a more resilient, tech-enabled farming system.

    With traditional farming still widespread and digital tools often out of reach for rural communities, a symposium held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, set out to address challenges in productivity, market access, infrastructure and digital literacy. Smallholder farmers, women, youth and others who are frequently excluded from innovation efforts, received particular attention.

    Organized by Orbit Innovation Hub in partnership with the International Trade Centre and Trade Ethiopia, the symposium brought together stakeholders from across the agriculture and technology ecosystems. 

    Focused on real-world solutions

    The one-day programme included panel discussions, startup pitches, a documentary screening and presentations on new technologies such as AI in agriculture. The event offered a platform for exchanging ideas and exploring how digital innovation can support inclusive and sustainable agricultural growth.

    Orbit Innovation Hub, launched as the social enterprise arm of health tech company Orbit Health, is committed to developing the startup ecosystem in Ethiopia. “We started this because we didn’t want new entrepreneurs to face the same hurdles we did,” said COO Girum Habetewold. “Agriculture remains central to our economy. Modernizing it is essential for long-term growth.”

    Support from the International Trade Centre’s Netherlands Trust Fund V (NTF V) Ethiopia Tech project has been key to turning that vision into reality. Over the past three years, the programme has provided both funding and technical guidance to help Orbit standardize the symposium format, bring in international expertise and expand its reach. What began as a local idea has become a national platform with international relevance.

    Building networks and partnerships

    One of the symposium’s key strengths was the range of voices in the room. Policymakers, business leaders, researchers, funders and grassroots entrepreneurs all took part. “Everyone brought their networks,” said Kiya Girma of Trade Ethiopia. “It helped connect people who don’t usually have the chance to collaborate directly.”

    Trade Ethiopia, a B2B platform connecting local producers with global buyers, joined the organizing team for the first time this year. Their involvement highlighted the importance of linking agriculture, digital tools and export opportunities. “We support cooperatives and smallholder farmers in accessing markets,” Girma said. “Digital tools help them do that more efficiently and on better terms.”

    NTF V played a coordinating role in bringing these different actors together, drawing on its extensive experience in supporting agricultural trade and digital innovation across Ethiopia.

    Stories from the field

    The symposium also presented examples of what happens when digital tools and support systems are in place. For example, a young farmer from Woliso, who attended a SEED programme workshop, secured a bank loan and bought a tractor. His story illustrates how targeted training and financial access can bring new opportunities for youth engagement and economic mobility within the sector.

    Another example came from Kifiya Technologies, a company offering digital insurance services that help farmers manage risk and improve resilience. 

    Speakers raised important points about the need to design tools that fit local realities, invest in digital literacy, prioritize relationships with farmers, and ensure that technology is accessible, affordable and relevant to those working in remote or underserved areas. Several panelists stressed that without strong local engagement, even the most advanced tools risk being underused or misunderstood. 

    “You don’t get useful data unless you’ve built trust,” Girma said. “Technology has to work for the people using it.”

    Supporting national goals

    The symposium directly supports Ethiopia’s Digital Ethiopia 2025 strategy, which aims to unlock greater value in agriculture through digital innovation. Orbit Innovation Hub has been an active contributor to this agenda, and NTF V has served as a key partner in making that contribution possible.

    NTF V’s broader impact extends well beyond the symposium. The project helped Ethiopian agri-businesses engage in international markets, supported women-led enterprises, and increased digital access for nearly 400,000 individuals. It also brought in direct investment and improved the capacity of local support organizations, including those involved in agricultural trade.

    Looking ahead

    As the NTF V project concludes, Orbit and its partners are exploring how to sustain and scale the work that has been started. Plans are under way for future editions of the symposium and new initiatives that will support innovation in agriculture and beyond.

    “Agriculture in Ethiopia is beginning to change,” said Habetewold of Orbit Innovation Hub. “It’s a slow process, but the groundwork is being laid. Shifting from traditional practices to data-driven, tech-enabled farming will take time, especially given the scale of the sector and the realities facing smallholder farmers. But with continued investment, strong partnerships and a focus on practical outcomes, Ethiopia is taking meaningful steps toward a more resilient and inclusive farming future.” 

    The COO added that the AgriTech Stakeholders Symposium has become a clear example of how local collaboration, combined with sustained international support, can turn good ideas into action and help reshape the agricultural landscape from the ground up.

    Distributed by APO Group on behalf of International Trade Centre.

    MIL OSI Africa

  • MIL-OSI: SINTX Technologies Submits FDA 510(k) for Silicon Nitride Foot & Ankle Medical Devices

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    Advanced Material Science Meets Surgical Precision in Groundbreaking New Platform in Reconstructive Foot & Ankle Surgery Market

    SALT LAKE CITY, Utah, July 22, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — SINTX Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ: SINT) (“SINTX” or the “Company”), an advanced ceramics innovator specializing in silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) for medical applications, today announced the submission of a 510(k) premarket notification to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its novel silicon nitride osteotomy wedges—marking the official entry into the foot and ankle reconstruction market. These next-generation implants blend cutting-edge biomaterials science with surgical precision and are designed to elevate standards in orthopedic procedures.

    The devices are manufactured from SINTX’s proprietary medical-grade silicon nitride, a biomaterial with a proven clinical track record of over 50,000 spinal interbody fusion devices implanted since 2008. With this submission, SINTX is extending the success of Si₃N₄ beyond the spine and into the global foot and ankle fusion market, currently valued at approximately $750.5 million and which is expected to grow to $1.38 billion by 2032 according to industry research.

    Clinical Advantages of Silicon Nitride

    From a clinical standpoint, Si₃N₄ is uniquely positioned among biomaterials to solve several of the most pressing challenges in orthopedic reconstruction:

    • Pro-osteogenic: Unlike PEEK or titanium, Si₃N₄ has been shown to actively promote bone cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown enhanced osseointegration and fusion potential due to the material’s inherent surface chemistry and nanotopography.
    • Antimicrobial Without Additives: Si₃N₄ has been shown to inhibit bacterial colonization and proliferation—including several antibiotic-resistant strains —through inherent surface chemistry without a supplemental coating. This is particularly critical in foot and ankle procedures where occurrences of hardware-related infections persist despite current best practices.
    • Radiographic Clarity: Si₃N₄ implants are intrinsically radiolucent with clearly visible boundaries on X-ray and CT scans. This facilitates precise intraoperative placement and clear post-operative evaluation of bone healing—unlike metal implants which obscure fusion assessment.

    “We believe Si₃N₄ is the ideal orthopedic biomaterial for fusion procedures where infection risk, healing rate, and long-term stability are paramount,” said Eric Olson, CEO of SINTX Technologies.

    Surgical Innovation: Proprietary Designs with Disposable Instrumentation

    In parallel with biomaterial excellence, SINTX has engineered proprietary implant geometries and disposable instrumentation to elevate surgical outcomes:

    • Implant Geometry: The family of wedges were developed in collaboration with leading foot and ankle surgeons to optimize for biomechanical correction, surface area contact, and ease of insertion.
    • Disposable Instrument Set: At full launch we anticipate each implant system to be paired with a sterile, single-use instrument kit to enhance maximum surgical efficiency and sterility. This potentially leads to a reduction in intraoperative delays, elimination of reprocessing errors, and a decrease in OR turnover time—benefits that hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers alike will value.

    “We’ve combined the novel clinical advantages of silicon nitride with intuitive implant designs and single-use instrumentation to deliver a truly differentiated solution,” said Lisa Marie Del Re, Chief Commercial Officer of SINTX Technologies. “This approach goes beyond innovation in material science. We’ve reimagined the surgical experience, striving to improve outcomes, enhance efficiency, and deliver stronger economic value across the care continuum.”

    Strategic Launch and Financial Outlook

    • The FDA submission is backed by over a decade of clinical and preclinical data on SINTX’s Si₃N₄ biomaterial, including peer-reviewed publications, biocompatibility studies, and documented fusion success.
    • With compelling clinical advantages and meaningful input from high-volume reconstructive surgeons, the company anticipates strong early adoption of its foot and ankle portfolio. This launch represents a key growth catalyst for SINTX, with the potential to drive meaningful revenue through broader market penetration and increasing procedural demand across both hospital and ambulatory surgery center settings.

    Delivering Value to All Stakeholders

    • For Patients: The design and material properties of our silicon nitride implants are intended to support successful bone fusion and to reduce infection risk; key considerations in recovery and long-term outcomes.
    • For Surgeons: Engineered for enhanced intraoperative visualization and ease of use, our system integrates advanced implant geometry with streamlined instrumentation to support surgical precision and procedural consistency.
    • For Providers and Stakeholders: The combination of sterile, single-use kits and differentiated biomaterial technology offers operational efficiencies and clinical distinction, positioning this platform for strong alignment with evolving value-based care models and increased procedural demand.

    “This is not just another foot fusion product line—this is a platform,” added Olson. “A platform built on a proven material, rooted in over a decade of clinical experience, and refined with thoughtful surgical design. We believe SINTX is redefining what’s possible in orthopedic advancements.”

    The implants will be manufactured at SINTX Technologies FDA audited and ISO certified manufacturing facility and distributed under the company name SiNAPTIC Surgical. SiNAPTIC was acquired by SINTX on July 1, 2025.

    For more information, visit www.sintx.com or www.sinaptic.com

    About SINTX Technologies, Inc.
    Located in Salt Lake City, Utah, SINTX Technologies is an advanced ceramics company that develops and commercializes materials, components, and technologies for medical and agribiotech applications. SINTX is a global leader in the research, development, and manufacturing of silicon nitride, and its products have been implanted in humans since 2008. Over the past several years, SINTX has utilized strategic acquisitions and alliances to enter new markets. For more information on SINTX Technologies or its materials platform, visit www.sintx.com.

    Forward-Looking Statements
    This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”) that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as: “anticipate,” “believe,” “project,” “estimate,” “expect,” “strategy,” “future,” “likely,” “may,” “should,” “will” and similar references to future periods.

    Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made and reflect management’s current estimates, projections, expectations and beliefs. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Forward-looking statements in this press release include our anticipation that there will be strong early adoption of our foot and ankle portfolio, that the product launch will represent a key growth catalyst for SINTX, with the potential to drive meaningful revenue through broader market penetration and increasing procedural demand across both hospital and ambulatory surgery center settings. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, difficulty in commercializing ceramic technologies and development of new product opportunities. A discussion of other risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements can be found in SINTX’s Risk Factors disclosure in its Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 19, 2025, and in SINTX’s other filings with the SEC. SINTX undertakes no obligation to publicly revise or update the forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date of this report, except as required by law.

    Business and Media Inquiries for SINTX:
    SINTX Technologies, Inc.
    801.839.3502
    IR@sintx.com

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI: SINTX Technologies Submits FDA 510(k) for Silicon Nitride Foot & Ankle Medical Devices

    Source: GlobeNewswire (MIL-OSI)

    Advanced Material Science Meets Surgical Precision in Groundbreaking New Platform in Reconstructive Foot & Ankle Surgery Market

    SALT LAKE CITY, Utah, July 22, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — SINTX Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ: SINT) (“SINTX” or the “Company”), an advanced ceramics innovator specializing in silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) for medical applications, today announced the submission of a 510(k) premarket notification to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its novel silicon nitride osteotomy wedges—marking the official entry into the foot and ankle reconstruction market. These next-generation implants blend cutting-edge biomaterials science with surgical precision and are designed to elevate standards in orthopedic procedures.

    The devices are manufactured from SINTX’s proprietary medical-grade silicon nitride, a biomaterial with a proven clinical track record of over 50,000 spinal interbody fusion devices implanted since 2008. With this submission, SINTX is extending the success of Si₃N₄ beyond the spine and into the global foot and ankle fusion market, currently valued at approximately $750.5 million and which is expected to grow to $1.38 billion by 2032 according to industry research.

    Clinical Advantages of Silicon Nitride

    From a clinical standpoint, Si₃N₄ is uniquely positioned among biomaterials to solve several of the most pressing challenges in orthopedic reconstruction:

    • Pro-osteogenic: Unlike PEEK or titanium, Si₃N₄ has been shown to actively promote bone cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown enhanced osseointegration and fusion potential due to the material’s inherent surface chemistry and nanotopography.
    • Antimicrobial Without Additives: Si₃N₄ has been shown to inhibit bacterial colonization and proliferation—including several antibiotic-resistant strains —through inherent surface chemistry without a supplemental coating. This is particularly critical in foot and ankle procedures where occurrences of hardware-related infections persist despite current best practices.
    • Radiographic Clarity: Si₃N₄ implants are intrinsically radiolucent with clearly visible boundaries on X-ray and CT scans. This facilitates precise intraoperative placement and clear post-operative evaluation of bone healing—unlike metal implants which obscure fusion assessment.

    “We believe Si₃N₄ is the ideal orthopedic biomaterial for fusion procedures where infection risk, healing rate, and long-term stability are paramount,” said Eric Olson, CEO of SINTX Technologies.

    Surgical Innovation: Proprietary Designs with Disposable Instrumentation

    In parallel with biomaterial excellence, SINTX has engineered proprietary implant geometries and disposable instrumentation to elevate surgical outcomes:

    • Implant Geometry: The family of wedges were developed in collaboration with leading foot and ankle surgeons to optimize for biomechanical correction, surface area contact, and ease of insertion.
    • Disposable Instrument Set: At full launch we anticipate each implant system to be paired with a sterile, single-use instrument kit to enhance maximum surgical efficiency and sterility. This potentially leads to a reduction in intraoperative delays, elimination of reprocessing errors, and a decrease in OR turnover time—benefits that hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers alike will value.

    “We’ve combined the novel clinical advantages of silicon nitride with intuitive implant designs and single-use instrumentation to deliver a truly differentiated solution,” said Lisa Marie Del Re, Chief Commercial Officer of SINTX Technologies. “This approach goes beyond innovation in material science. We’ve reimagined the surgical experience, striving to improve outcomes, enhance efficiency, and deliver stronger economic value across the care continuum.”

    Strategic Launch and Financial Outlook

    • The FDA submission is backed by over a decade of clinical and preclinical data on SINTX’s Si₃N₄ biomaterial, including peer-reviewed publications, biocompatibility studies, and documented fusion success.
    • With compelling clinical advantages and meaningful input from high-volume reconstructive surgeons, the company anticipates strong early adoption of its foot and ankle portfolio. This launch represents a key growth catalyst for SINTX, with the potential to drive meaningful revenue through broader market penetration and increasing procedural demand across both hospital and ambulatory surgery center settings.

    Delivering Value to All Stakeholders

    • For Patients: The design and material properties of our silicon nitride implants are intended to support successful bone fusion and to reduce infection risk; key considerations in recovery and long-term outcomes.
    • For Surgeons: Engineered for enhanced intraoperative visualization and ease of use, our system integrates advanced implant geometry with streamlined instrumentation to support surgical precision and procedural consistency.
    • For Providers and Stakeholders: The combination of sterile, single-use kits and differentiated biomaterial technology offers operational efficiencies and clinical distinction, positioning this platform for strong alignment with evolving value-based care models and increased procedural demand.

    “This is not just another foot fusion product line—this is a platform,” added Olson. “A platform built on a proven material, rooted in over a decade of clinical experience, and refined with thoughtful surgical design. We believe SINTX is redefining what’s possible in orthopedic advancements.”

    The implants will be manufactured at SINTX Technologies FDA audited and ISO certified manufacturing facility and distributed under the company name SiNAPTIC Surgical. SiNAPTIC was acquired by SINTX on July 1, 2025.

    For more information, visit www.sintx.com or www.sinaptic.com

    About SINTX Technologies, Inc.
    Located in Salt Lake City, Utah, SINTX Technologies is an advanced ceramics company that develops and commercializes materials, components, and technologies for medical and agribiotech applications. SINTX is a global leader in the research, development, and manufacturing of silicon nitride, and its products have been implanted in humans since 2008. Over the past several years, SINTX has utilized strategic acquisitions and alliances to enter new markets. For more information on SINTX Technologies or its materials platform, visit www.sintx.com.

    Forward-Looking Statements
    This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”) that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as: “anticipate,” “believe,” “project,” “estimate,” “expect,” “strategy,” “future,” “likely,” “may,” “should,” “will” and similar references to future periods.

    Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made and reflect management’s current estimates, projections, expectations and beliefs. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Forward-looking statements in this press release include our anticipation that there will be strong early adoption of our foot and ankle portfolio, that the product launch will represent a key growth catalyst for SINTX, with the potential to drive meaningful revenue through broader market penetration and increasing procedural demand across both hospital and ambulatory surgery center settings. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, difficulty in commercializing ceramic technologies and development of new product opportunities. A discussion of other risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements can be found in SINTX’s Risk Factors disclosure in its Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 19, 2025, and in SINTX’s other filings with the SEC. SINTX undertakes no obligation to publicly revise or update the forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date of this report, except as required by law.

    Business and Media Inquiries for SINTX:
    SINTX Technologies, Inc.
    801.839.3502
    IR@sintx.com

    The MIL Network

  • MIL-OSI NGOs: Iran: Deliberate Israeli attack on Tehran’s Evin prison must be investigated as a war crime 

    Source: Amnesty International –

    The Israeli military’s deliberate air strikes on Evin prison in Tehran on 23 June 2025 constitute a serious violation of international humanitarian law and must be criminally investigated as war crimes, Amnesty International said today, following an in-depth investigation. 

    Verified video footage, satellite imagery and interviews with eyewitnesses, prisoners’ families and human rights defenders indicate that the Israeli military carried out multiple air strikes on Evin prison, killing and injuring scores of civilians and causing extensive damage and destruction in at least six locations across the prison complex. The attack took place during the working day, at a time when many parts of the prison were packed with civilians. Hours later, the Israeli military confirmed it had attacked the prison and senior Israeli officials boasted about it on social media. According to the Iranian authorities, at least 80 civilians – 79 men and women and a five-year-old boy – were killed.  

    Under international humanitarian law, a prison or place of detention is presumed a civilian object and there is no credible evidence in this case that Evin prison constituted a lawful military objective. 

    The evidence establishes reasonable grounds to believe that the Israeli military brazenly and deliberately attacked civilian buildings.

    Erika Guevara Rosas, Senior Director for Research, Advocacy, Policy and Campaigns. 

    “The evidence establishes reasonable grounds to believe that the Israeli military brazenly and deliberately attacked civilian buildings. Directing attacks at civilian objects is strictly prohibited under international humanitarian law. Carrying out such attacks knowingly and deliberately constitutes a war crime,” said Erika Guevara Rosas, Senior Director for Research, Advocacy, Policy and Campaigns. 

    It is believed that Evin prison held around 1,500-2,000 prisoners at the time of the attack, including arbitrarily detained human rights defenders, protesters, political dissidents, members of persecuted religious minorities, and dual and foreign nationals frequently held for diplomatic leverage. At any given time, there were also hundreds of other civilians in the prison complex. The attack took place during prison visitation hours. 

    “The Israeli forces should have known that any air strikes against Evin prison could result in significant civilian harm. Prosecution authorities around the world must ensure that all those responsible for this deadly attack are brought to justice, including through use of the principle of universal jurisdiction. The Iranian authorities must also grant the International Criminal Court jurisdiction over all Rome Statute crimes committed on or perpetrated from its territory, said Erika Guevara Rosas. 

    An overview of Evin prison, with the exterior walled perimeter marked in orange. The six yellow circles highlight areas with the most significant destruction, indicating these were the locations where the munitions landed. The blasts and resulting damage extended beyond the six areas. 
    A map of Evin prison indicating building names or functions based on Amnesty International’s interviews with former prisoners. 
    Scores of civilians killed and injured  

    Between 11am to 12pm Tehran time on 23 June 2025, Israeli air strikes hit multiple locations over 500 metres apart inside Evin prison, destroying or damaging numerous buildings and other structures within the prison complex, as well as nearby residential buildings outside the complex.  

    Evin prison is located in a populated area with residential buildings to its east and south. A nearby resident described the scene following the attack to Amnesty International: 

    “I suddenly heard a terrible sound. I looked out of the window and realised that smoke and dust were rising from Evin prison. Both the sound of the explosion and the appearance of the dust and smoke were horrific… I had thought our home would be safe [as] we are near a prison… I couldn’t believe it.” 

    The authorities have so far named 57 civilians who were killed in the attack including five female social workers, 13 young men performing mandatory national service as prison guards or administrators, and 36 other prison staff – 30 men and six women – and the child of one of the social workers. After drawing public criticism for failing to disclose the identities of prisoners, their relatives and nearby residents killed, the authorities published a report on 14 July 2025 revealing two names: a nearby resident – Mehrangiz Imanpour – and a woman volunteering to help raise funds for debt prisoners – Hasti Mohammadi. Amnesty International had already verified the name of Mehrangiz Imanpour, as well as the names of one prisoner, Masoud Behbahani, a prisoner’s relative, Leila Jafarzadeh, and a passerby Aliasghar Pazouki, who were also killed. 

    Israeli officials’ self-incriminating admissions  

    Within hours of the attack, senior Israeli officials boasted about it on social media, framing it as a “targeted strike” against a “symbol of oppression for the Iranian people.” 

    Israel’s Defence Minister, Israel Katz, said on X that Israeli forces were attacking with “unprecedented force regime targets and government repression bodies in the heart of Tehran including…Evin prison.” 

    Minutes later, Foreign Affairs Minister Gideon Sa’ar posted on X: “We warned Iran time and again: stop targeting civilians! They continued, including this morning. Our response: [Long live freedom…].” Alongside this post was a video purporting to show CCTV footage of the prison gate being blown up. Analysis of the video by Amnesty International indicates the footage was digitally manipulated likely using an old photograph of the prison gate. The video was first posted on Persian-language Telegram channels, but Amnesty International could not trace its original source. 

    Later the same day, the Israeli military confirmed in a statement that they had carried out “a targeted strike” on “the notorious Evin Prison”. The statement appeared to justify the attack by saying that “enemies of the regime” were held and tortured there and alleging that “intelligence operations against the State of Israel, including counter espionage” were carried out in the prison. However, the interrogation of detainees accused of spying for Israel or the presence of intelligence officials within the prison compound would not render the penal facility itself a legitimate military objective under international humanitarian law. 

    Entrance gate and prosecution office in the south 

    Before and after false-colour, near infrared satellite imagery from 10 April 2025 and 30 June 2025 reveals the destruction in four distinct locations in the south and central parts of Evin prison where munitions likely landed (shown with yellow circles) and signs of burning (visible in near-infrared in dark black hues) in many areas, likely from vehicles that caught fire and spread to buildings in the area.  

    In the south of the prison, the main entrance gate, along with the adjoining wall and the visitor information building to the east of the gate were destroyed. The building to the west of the gate and the adjoining Shahid Moghaddas prosecution office were extensively damaged. Further inside the southern part of the prison, the car park and a building next to the Quarantine section were damaged. 

    An informed source told Amnesty International that a woman named Leila Jafarzadeh, 35, was killed while visiting the prosecution office to post bail to secure the release of her imprisoned husband. 

    The destruction of the entrance gate and its surroundings was captured in a verified video showing rescue workers carrying at least one injured person on a stretcher amid scenes of destruction and extensive rubble on the ground. 

    Footage published by state media and verified by Amnesty International also shows structural damage to the prosecution office’s walls and building framework, indicating that the force of the blast penetrated deep into the building. 

    Satellite imagery from 30 June 2025 reveals a location (shown with a yellow circle) where munitions likely landed. Ground images (right) geolocated to the north and south areas of the southern entrance gate show major destruction. 
    Administrative building and quarantine section housing prisoners  

    Deeper inside the southern area of the prison, the administrative building and a smaller adjoining building which, according to a former prisoner, contained an office of the prison’s security force called the Protection Cohort, were significantly impacted, while several nearby structures were destroyed. 

    Satellite imagery from 30 June 2025 shows significant damage to part of the roof on the west side of the Protection Cohort building. Satellite imagery further shows that to the east of the building, an internal gate, perimeter wall and two small structures – likely guard posts – were all destroyed in the strike. 

    The two identified locations are consistent with the analysis of video footage and information received from two former prisoners of conscience Atena Daemi and Hossein Razagh.  

    Verified videos also depict destroyed windows, collapsed walls and extensive rubble on both the western and eastern sides of the administrative building. The first floor appears to be largely obliterated, with missing structural walls visible in multiple sections. 

    An image published by state media and verified by Amnesty International shows what appears to be a crater inside the west side of the administrative building showing the first floor collapsed downward. 

    According to a state media report on 6 July 2025, at least nine women, one man and a child were killed in the administrative building. Shargh Daily and Hammihan, two prominent newspapers in Iran, named three of the victims in reports published on 25 June and 1 July 2025, respectively. They included social worker Zahra Ebadi, 52, who was killed along with her five-year-old son, Mehrad Kheiri; and an administrative staff member, Hamid Ranjbari, 40. 

    Satellite imagery (left) from 30 June 2025 reveals two locations (shown with yellow circles) where munitions likely landed. Ground images (right) show extensive damage to the administrative building. 

    Analysis of a verified video footage also shows that the quarantine section housing newly admitted prisoners, located near the administrative building, also sustained damage. 

    Medical clinic, kitchen and sections housing prisoners in the central part 

    In the central part of the prison, the medical clinic, central kitchen, section 4 housing male prisoners, section 209 which consists of solitary confinement cells where female and male prisoners are detained by the Minister of Intelligence, and the women’s section were extensively damaged. 

    Satellite imagery shows significant damage to structures adjacent to the medical clinic, while verified videos reveal damage to the clinic from the blast and burning cars.  

    A verified video shows the outside of the medical clinic covered in black soot and black smoke billowing from the windows. Another video shows significant destruction inside, with shattered windows, beds and medical equipment overturned and extensive rubble. 

    Satellite imagery (left) from 30 June 2025 reveals two locations (shown with yellow circles) where munitions likely landed. Geolocated photos and videos (right) show that the vehicle entrance gate collapsed. The clinic’s interior was significantly damaged, with walls and windows blown out, while the exterior shows severe fire damage and smoke.  

    The verified video evidence supports accounts from human rights defenders Narges Mohammadi and Sepideh Gholian, both based in Iran, who told Amnesty International that multiple eyewitnesses in Evin prison described to them extensive damage to the medical clinic. Narges Mohammadi shared that male prisoners in section 4, which is opposite the medical clinic, informed her the prison’s ambulance was destroyed, an account supported by video showing nearby vehicles reduced to wreckage. She also said the prisoners told her they witnessed an individual with extensive burns on their body walking out of the medical clinic and collapsing on the ground. 

    Two prisoners – Abolfazl Ghodiani and Mehdi Mahmoudian – who survived the Evin prison attack and were transferred to Greater Tehran Penitentiary wrote in a letter from inside prison published online on 1 July 2025: 

    “Evin prison shook with several consecutive explosions. Two or three blasts occurred near Section 4 and when prisoners exited the section’s door, they saw the medical clinic burning… Prisoners recovered the bodies of around 15-20 people, including medical clinic personnel, prisoners, warehouse staff, guards and agents from beneath the rubble.” 

    Saeedeh Makarem, a doctor volunteering in Evin prison who was injured, including with burns, described in a series of posts on Instagram in July 2025 how prisoners helped her:  

    “They dragged me to the corner of the wall. I was half-conscious. They brought me water and a blanket, put a splint in my leg, wiped the blood from my face… They could have left, but they didn’t… They saved me.” 

    Political dissident Hossein Razagh also told Amnesty International that section 4 prisoners described to him how prisoners were thrown against the walls due to the force of the blast and sustained head and face injuries. 

    These testimonies are corroborated by a verified video showing extensive damage to the front parts of sections 4 and 209. External doors and windows of sections 4 and 209 appear to have been shattered, with parts of the roof structure collapsed and large piles of rubble visible in the road.Multiple vehicles are destroyed and burned out, with black smoke damage on the surrounding building walls, indicating some of the fire may have originated from the cars. Satellite imagery from 30 June 2025 shows the burned buildings and black scorch marks from the cars The blast also appears to have affected the roof of the prison kitchen and damaged its windows. 

    According to Amnesty International’s research, the blast also affected section 209 staff offices, trapping some agents and guards under the rubble. Authorities have provided no information about the fate and whereabouts of prisoners held in solitary confinement in section 209, raising concerns about possible deaths or injuries. 

    Image showing the road with Section 209 on one side (left) and the vehicle entrance gate on the opposite side (right). 

    Amnesty International confirmed through an informed source the name of a prisoner in section 4, Masoud Behbahani, aged 71, who was killed. He suffered a heart attack when the blast threw him onto a chair and several prisoners fell on him. According to the source, instead of transferring him to a hospital, authorities transferred him to Greater Tehran Penitentiary where he died two days later after a second heart attack. 

    Amnesty International also analysed an image taken from inside the Women’s section showing visible damage to the ceiling and electrical infrastructure. 

    Entrance gate, judicial complex, visitation building and sections housing prisoners in the North 

    Before and after false-colour, near infrared imagery from 10 April 2025 and 27 June 2025 reveals the destruction in two distinct locations where munitions likely landed in the northern part of Evin prison (shown with yellow circles): the internal security walls and road in front of sections 240 and 241 and the north entrance gate in front of the visitation building and Shaheed Kachouyee judicial complex. 

    In the northern part of the prison, as visible in satellite imagery and verified videos, the entrance gate and adjacent wall were destroyed; the front part of the building containing the Shahid Kachouyee judicial complex and visitation building were extensively damaged; and two internal walls near sections 240 and 241 housing prisoners were destroyed. 

    Verified video and photographs also show blast-related damage to nearby high-rise residential buildings and vehicles outside the northern area of Evin prison. One video captures dozens of distressed people in Ahmadpour Street, at least one of whom appears to be injured. 

    An informed source described to Amnesty International how a nearby resident, Mehrangiz Imanpour, a 61-year-old painter who lived in Ahmadpour Street, was killed on her way home. 

    Shargh Daily reported that another passerby, Ali Asghar Pazouki, 69, was killed in front of the judicial complex and visitation building. 

    State media published videos and photographs which show blast damage in this area.  

    Satellite imagery (left) from 30 June 2025 reveals a location (shown with a yellow circle) where munitions likely landed. Geolocated images and videos (right) show extensive damage to the exterior and interior of the visitation building with windows shattered and parts of the roof and facade collapsed.  

    Satellite imagery analysed by Amnesty International indicates that a road and two security walls deeper within the northern part of the prison, near a building containing sections 240 and 241, were also destroyed. These sections are known to contain hundreds of solitary confinement cells, but no images showing the condition of the building have emerged and the authorities have not released any information about the fate of prisoners held there. 

    Amnesty International received accounts from prisoners’ families indicating that section 8, near sections 240 and 241, was damaged. Human rights lawyer Nasrin Sotoudeh told Amnesty International that her arbitrarily imprisoned husband, human rights defender, Reza Khandan, and other prisoners, were injured when rubble was propelled into the courtyard. 

    Political dissident Mohammad Nourizad, who was in section 8, called his family while the air strikes were ongoing. A recording of his call was published online on 24 June: 

    “They are dropping bombs on us. Some people are injured, the windows have broken, and everyone has scattered… They just hit again. I don’t know, it seems intentional… but bombing a prison is incompatible with any logic or code of conduct…They [prison authorities] closed the doors on us and we have no news.” 

    International law and standards 

    Under international humanitarian law, direct attacks on civilians and civilian objects are prohibited. Attacks may only be directed at combatants and military objectives. Military objectives are limited to those objects which by their nature, location, purpose or use make an effective contribution to military action and whose partial or total destruction, capture or neutralization, in the circumstances ruling at the time, offers a definite military advantage.  

    Attacking forces have an obligation to do everything feasible to protect civilians including by distinguishing between military targets and civilian objects; verifying whether their intended target is a military objective and canceling an attack if there is doubt; choosing means and methods of attack that will avoid, or in any event, minimize civilian harm; and providing effective advance warning to civilians unless circumstances do not permit. Even when targeting a legitimate military objective, an attack must not be carried out which may cause civilian harm that would be disproportionate in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. If distinguishing between civilian objects and military targets is not feasible, the attack must not proceed. 

    States responsible for violations of international humanitarian law are required to make full reparations for the loss or injury caused. The UN Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law enshrine the duty of states to provide effective remedies, including reparation to victims, including restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition. 

    Methodology 

    Amnesty International’s Evidence Lab analyzed satellite images from before and after the strikes and verified 22 videos and 59 photographs, which show extensive damage and destruction to six areas in the south, central, and northern parts of Evin prison complex.  

    Additionally, Amnesty International reviewed statements by Israeli and Iranian authorities and interviewed 23 people inside and outside Iran, including seven prisoners’ relatives; a nearby resident who witnessed the attack; two sources with information about two victims killed; two journalists; and 11 former prisoners including dissidents and human rights defenders who received information from prisoners, prisoners’ families, prison staff and emergency services attending the site. The organization also obtained from a source the recordings of four telephone calls between four prisoners and their families hours after the attack. 

    Amnesty International sent questions regarding the attack to the Israeli Minister of Defence on 3 July. At the time of publication, no response had been received. 

    Background 

    During the escalation of hostilities between Israel and Iran, at least 1,100 people were killed in Iran, including 132 women and 45 children, according to Iran’s Foundation for Martyrs and Veterans Affairs. At least 29 people, including women and children, were killed in Israel, according to the Israeli Health Ministry. 

    As part of Amnesty International’s ongoing investigations into violations of international humanitarian law and other human rights violations in the context of the escalation of hostilities between Israel and Iran, the organization will also publish findings relating to attacks by the Iranian authorities against Israel. 

    MIL OSI NGO

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Wednesfield junior parkrun to celebrate 10th anniversary

    Source: City of Wolverhampton

    Established in 2015 by Liz Lister and Martha Cummings, both of whom worked for the City of Wolverhampton Council and were members of Wolves and Bilston Athletics Club, it welcomes scores of children and young people to Wednesfield’s King George V Playing Fields every Sunday morning.

    The Wednesfield junior parkrun gives 4 to 14 year olds the chance to run, jog or walk around a 2km circuit, with parents invited to join in if they wish.

    It takes place thanks to the efforts of volunteers who set up, manage and marshal the route, supporting the participants around the course until everyone has finished.

    Martha said: “We cannot quite believe it has been 10 years since turning an idea and a love of sports into an activity enjoyed and supported by so many – co-director Rob Carrington, our volunteers, families and local community, councillors in Wednesfield North and South and the council have all played a key role in making this happen.

    “The event is solely managed and run entirely by our amazing volunteers who come out in all weathers to make sure the event goes ahead safely and we’d like to say a huge thank you to everyone who helps make this wonderful event happen, week in, week out.”

    The council has played a pivotal role in enabling the event’s continued success, providing start up funding and access to facilities including the park grounds, car park and changing rooms.

    The Mayor’s Office has provided donations for water bottles, gloves and hats, and local councillors have backed the event with donations through their ward funds. Additionally, numerous staff and councillors have contributed their time as volunteers over the last decade.

    Councillor Obaida Ahmed, Cabinet Member for Health, Wellbeing and Community, said: “The Wednesfield junior parkrun is a fantastic way for children and young people to get exercise, enjoy some fresh air and make new friends.

    “It is well loved by children and parents alike and it’s wonderful that it will shortly be celebrating this very significant milestone.”

    The 10th birthday celebration will take place on Sunday 10 August, and all are welcome. To mark the occasion, every participant will receive a commemorative medal, goodie bag and treats. Please meet by the changing rooms by 9am.

    For more information, please visit Facebook or Wednesfield junior parkrun.

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI Africa: SA to launch Pandemic Fund to strengthen health preparedness 

    Source: Government of South Africa

    A mechanism set to support pandemic preparedness in low- and middle-income countries is set to be launched later this week. 

    The Department of Health, in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), will officially launch the Pandemic Fund. 

    As the project lead for this initiative, the Department of Health aims to strengthen South Africa’s capacity to prevent, prepare for, and respond to future pandemics.

    According to the joint statement, the launch, scheduled for Thursday in Pretoria, represents a significant milestone in global health security efforts. 

    The Pandemic Fund, hosted by the World Bank, is a global financing mechanism that provides catalytic funding to support pandemic preparedness and response in low- and middle-income countries. 

    “South Africa’s engagement through this project reinforces its leadership and commitment to advancing health system resilience,” the statement read. 

    The launch will feature keynote remarks from national and international leaders, the unveiling of South Africa’s Pandemic Fund implementation strategy, a panel discussion on pandemic preparedness, and opportunities for media engagement and networking with key stakeholders.

    The gathering will feature senior officials from various departments, including Health, Agriculture, Land Reform, and Rural Development, as well as Forestry, Fisheries, and the Environment.

    Representatives from the WHO, UNICEF, FAO, the Pandemic Fund Secretariat, development partners, civil society organisations, and the media will also be present. – SAnews.gov.za

    MIL OSI Africa

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: Pharaoh’s fungus yields cancer-fighting compounds

    Source: Anglia Ruskin University

    The sarcophagus inside the tomb of King Tutankhamun

    By Justin Stebbing, Anglia Ruskin University

    In November 1922, archaeologist Howard Carter peered through a small hole into the sealed tomb of King Tutankhamun. When asked if he could see anything, he replied: “Yes, wonderful things.” Within months, however, Carter’s financial backer Lord Carnarvon was dead from a mysterious illness. Over the following years, several other members of the excavation team would meet similar fates, fuelling legends of the “pharaoh’s curse” that have captivated the public imagination for just over a century.

    For decades, these mysterious deaths were attributed to supernatural forces. But modern science has revealed a more likely culprit: a toxic fungus known as Aspergillus flavus. Now, in an unexpected twist, this same deadly organism is being transformed into a powerful new weapon in the fight against cancer.

    Aspergillus flavus is a common mould found in soil, decaying vegetation and stored grains. It is infamous for its ability to survive in harsh environments, including the sealed chambers of ancient tombs, where it can lie dormant for thousands of years.

    When disturbed, the fungus releases spores that can cause severe respiratory infections, particularly in people with weakened immune systems. This may explain the so-called “curse” of King Tutankhamun and similar incidents, such as the deaths of several scientists who entered the tomb of Casimir IV in Poland in the 1970s. In both cases, investigations later found that A flavus was present, and its toxins were probably responsible for the illnesses and deaths.

    Despite its deadly reputation, Aspergillus flavus is now at the centre of a remarkable scientific finding. Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have discovered that this fungus produces a unique class of molecules with the potential to fight cancer.

    These molecules belong to a group called ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptides, or RiPPs. RiPPs are made by the ribosome – the cell’s protein factory – and are later chemically altered to enhance their function.

    While thousands of RiPPs have been identified in bacteria, only a handful have been found in fungi – until now.

    The process of finding these fungal RiPPs was far from simple. The research team screened a dozen different strains or types of aspergillus, searching for chemical clues that might indicate the presence of these promising molecules. Aspergillus flavus quickly stood out as a prime candidate.

    The researchers compared the chemicals from different fungal strains to known RiPP compounds and found promising matches. To confirm their discovery, they switched off the relevant genes and, sure enough, the target chemicals vanished, proving they had found the source.

    Purifying these chemicals proved to be a significant challenge. However, this complexity is also what gives fungal RiPPs their remarkable biological activity.

    The team eventually succeeded in isolating four different RiPPs from Aspergillus flavus. These molecules shared a unique structure of interlocking rings, a feature that had never been described before. The researchers named these new compounds “asperigimycins”, after the fungus in which they were found.

    The next step was to test these asperigimycins against human cancer cells. In some cases, they stopped the growth of cancer cells, suggesting that asperigimycins could one day become a new treatment for certain types of cancer.

    The team also worked out how these chemicals get inside cancer cells. This discovery is significant because many chemicals, like asperigimycins, have medicinal properties but struggle to enter cells in large enough quantities to be useful. Knowing that particular fats (lipids) can enhance this process gives scientists a new tool for drug development.

    Further experiments revealed that asperigimycins probably disrupt the process of cell division in cancer cells. Cancer cells divide uncontrollably, and these compounds appear to block the formation of microtubules, the scaffolding inside cells that are essential for cell division.

    Tremendous untapped potential

    This disruption is specific to certain types of cells, so this may in turn reduce the risk of side-effects. But the discovery of asperigimycins is just the beginning. The researchers also identified similar clusters of genes in other fungi, suggesting that many more fungal RiPPs remain to be discovered.

    Almost all the fungal RiPPs found so far have strong biological activity, making this an area with tremendous untapped potential. The next step is to test asperigimycins in other systems and models, with the hope of eventually moving to human clinical trials. If successful, these molecules could join the ranks of other fungal-derived medicines, such as penicillin, which revolutionised modern medicine.

    The story of Aspergillus flavus is a powerful example of how nature can be both a source of danger and a wellspring of healing. For centuries, this fungus was feared as a silent killer lurking in ancient tombs, responsible for mysterious deaths and the legend of the pharaoh’s curse. Today, scientists are turning that fear into hope, harnessing the same deadly spores to create life-saving medicines.

    This transformation, from curse to cure, highlights the importance of continued exploration and innovation in the natural world. Nature has in fact provided us with an incredible pharmacy, filled with compounds that can heal as well as harm. It is up to scientists and engineers to uncover these secrets, using the latest technologies to identify, modify and test new molecules for their potential to treat disease.

    The discovery of asperigimycins is a reminder that even the most unlikely sources – such as a toxic tomb fungus – can hold the key to revolutionary new treatments. As researchers continue to explore the hidden world of fungi, who knows what other medical breakthroughs may lie just beneath the surface?

    Justin Stebbing, Professor of Biomedical Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University

    This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

    The opinions expressed in VIEWPOINT articles are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of ARU.

    If you wish to republish this article, please follow these guidelines: https://theconversation.com/uk/republishing-guidelines

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: President Lai meets cross-party Irish Oireachtas delegation

    Source: Republic of China Taiwan

    Details
    2025-07-22
    President Lai meets official delegation from European Parliament’s Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield
    On the morning of July 22, President Lai Ching-te met with an official delegation from the European Parliament’s Special Committee on the European Democracy Shield (EUDS). In remarks, President Lai thanked the committee for choosing to visit Taiwan for its first trip to Asia, demonstrating the close ties between Taiwan and Europe. President Lai emphasized that Taiwan, standing at the very frontline of the democratic world, is determined to protect democracy, peace, and prosperity worldwide. He expressed hope that we can share our experiences with Europe to foster even more resilient societies. A translation of President Lai’s remarks follows: Firstly, on behalf of the people of Taiwan, I extend a warm welcome to your delegation, which marks another official visit from the European Parliament. The Special Committee on the EUDS aims to strengthen societal resilience and counter disinformation and hybrid threats. Having been constituted at the beginning of this year, the committee has chosen to visit Taiwan for its first trip to Asia, demonstrating the close ties between Taiwan and Europe and the unlimited possibilities for deepening cooperation on issues of concern. I am also delighted to see many old friends of Taiwan gathered here today. I deeply appreciate your longstanding support for Taiwan. Taiwan and the European Union enjoy close trade and economic relations and share the values of freedom and democracy. However, in recent years, we have both been subjected to information manipulation and infiltration by foreign forces that seek to interfere in democratic elections, foment division in our societies, and shake people’s faith in democracy. Taiwan not only faces an onslaught of disinformation, but also is the target of gray-zone aggression. That is why, after taking office, I established the Whole-of-Society Defense Resilience Committee at the Presidential Office, with myself as convener. The committee is a platform that integrates domestic affairs, national defense, foreign affairs, cybersecurity, and civil resources. It aims to strengthen the capability of Taiwan’s society to defend itself against new forms of threat, pinpoint external and internal vulnerabilities, and bolster overall resilience and security. The efforts that democracies make are not for opposing anyone else; they are for safeguarding the way of life that we cherish – just as Europe has endeavored to promote diversity and human rights. The Taiwanese people firmly believe that when our society is united and people trust one another, we will be able to withstand any form of authoritarian aggression. Taiwan stands at the very frontline of the democratic world. We are determined to protect democracy, peace, and prosperity worldwide. We also hope to share our experiences with Europe and deepen cooperation in such fields as cybersecurity, media literacy, and societal resilience. Thank you once again for visiting Taiwan. Your presence further strengthens the foundations of Taiwan-Europe relations. Let us continue to work together to uphold freedom and democracy and foster even more resilient societies. EUDS Special Committee Chair Nathalie Loiseau then delivered remarks, saying that the delegation has members from different countries, including France, Germany, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Belgium, and different political parties, but that they have in common their desire for stronger relations between the EU and Taiwan. Committee Chair Loiseau stated that the EU and Taiwan, having many things in common, should work more together. She noted that we have strong trade relations, strong investments on both sides, and strong cultural relations, while we are also facing very similar challenges and threats. She said that we are democracies living in a world where autocracies want to weaken and divide democracies. She added that we also face external information manipulation, cyberattacks, sabotage, attempts to capture elites, and every single gray-zone activity that aims to divide and weaken us. Committee Chair Loiseau pointed out another commonality, that we have never threatened our neighbors. She said that we want to live in peace and we care about our people; we want to defend ourselves, not to attack others. We are not being threatened because of what we do, she emphasized, but because of what we are; and thus there is no reason for not working more together to face these threats and attacks. Committee Chair Loiseau said that Taiwan has valuable experience and good practices in the area of societal resilience, and that they are interested in learning more about Taiwan’s whole-of-society approach. They in Europe are facing interference, she said, mainly from Russia, and they know that Russia inspires others. She added that they in the EU also have experience regulating social media in a way which combines freedom of expression and responsibility. In closing, the chair said that they are happy to have the opportunity to exchange views with President Lai and that the European Parliament will continue to strongly support relations between the EU and Taiwan. The delegation also included Members of the European Parliament Engin Eroglu, Tomáš Zdechovský, Michał Wawrykiewicz, Kathleen Van Brempt, and Markéta Gregorová.

    Details
    2025-07-17
    President Lai meets President of Guatemalan Congress Nery Abilio Ramos y Ramos  
    On the morning of July 17, President Lai Ching-te met with a delegation led by Nery Abilio Ramos y Ramos, the president of the Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. In remarks, President Lai thanked Congress President Ramos and the Guatemalan Congress for their support for Taiwan, and noted that official diplomatic relations between Taiwan and Guatemala go back more than 90 years. As important partners in the global democratic community, the president said, the two nations will continue moving forward together in joint defense of the values of democracy and freedom, and will cooperate to promote regional and global prosperity and development. A translation of President Lai’s remarks follows:  I recall that when Congress President Ramos visited Taiwan in July last year, he put forward many ideas about how our countries could promote bilateral cooperation and exchanges. Now, a year later, he is leading another cross-party delegation from the Guatemalan Congress on a visit, demonstrating support for Taiwan and continuing to help deepen our diplomatic ties. In addition to extending a sincere welcome to the distinguished delegation members who have traveled so far to be here, I would also like to express our concern and condolences for everyone in Guatemala affected by the earthquake that struck earlier this month. We hope that the recovery effort is going smoothly. Official diplomatic relations between Taiwan and Guatemala go back more than 90 years. In such fields as healthcare, agriculture, education, and women’s empowerment, we have continually strengthened our cooperation to benefit our peoples. Just last month, Guatemala’s President Bernardo Arévalo and the First Lady led a delegation on a state visit to Taiwan. President Arévalo and I signed a letter of intent for semiconductor cooperation, and also witnessed the signing of cooperation documents to establish a political consultation mechanism and continue to promote bilateral investment. This has laid an even sounder foundation for bilateral exchanges and cooperation, and will help enhance both countries’ international competitiveness. Taiwan is currently running a semiconductor vocational training program, helping Guatemala cultivate semiconductor talent and develop its tech industry, and demonstrating our determination to share experience with democratic partners. At the same time, we continue to assist Taiwanese businesses in their efforts to develop overseas markets with Guatemala as an important base, spurring industrial development in both countries and increasing economic and trade benefits. I want to thank Congress President Ramos and the Guatemalan Congress for their continued support for Taiwan’s international participation. Representing the Guatemalan Congress, Congress President Ramos has signed resolutions in support of Taiwan, and has also issued statements addressing China’s misinterpretation of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758. Taiwan and Guatemala, as important partners in the global democratic community, will continue moving forward together in joint defense of the values of democracy and freedom, and will cooperate to promote regional and global prosperity and development. Congress President Ramos then delivered remarks, first noting that the members of the delegation are not only from different parties, but also represent different classes, cultures, professions, and departments, which shows that the diplomatic ties between Guatemala and the Republic of China (Taiwan) are based on firm friendships at all levels and in all fields. Noting that this was his second time to visit Taiwan and meet with President Lai, Congress President Ramos thanked the government of Taiwan for its warm hospitality. With the international situation growing more complex by the day, he said, Guatemala highly values its longstanding friendship and cooperative ties with Taiwan, and hopes that both sides can continue to deepen their cooperation in such areas as the economy, technology, education, agriculture, and culture, and work together to spur sustainable development in each of our countries. Congress President Ramos said that the way the Taiwan government looks after the well-being of its people is an excellent model for how other countries should promote national development and social well-being. Accordingly, he said, the Guatemalan Congress has stood for justice and, for a second time, adopted a resolution backing Taiwan’s participation in the World Health Assembly. Regarding President Arévalo’s state visit to Taiwan the previous month, Congress President Ramos commented that this high-level interaction has undoubtedly strengthened the diplomatic ties between Taiwan and Guatemala and led to more opportunities for cooperation. Congress President Ramos emphasized that democracy, freedom, and human rights are universal values that bind Taiwan and Guatemala together, and that he is confident the two countries’ diplomatic ties will continue to grow deeper. In closing, on behalf of the Republic of Guatemala, Congress President Ramos presented President Lai with a Chinese translation of the resolution that the Guatemalan Congress proposed to the UN in support of Taiwan’s participation in international organizations, demonstrating the staunch bonds of friendship between the two countries. The delegation was accompanied to the Presidential Office by Guatemala Ambassador Luis Raúl Estévez López.  

    Details
    2025-07-08
    President Lai meets delegation led by Foreign Minister Jean-Victor Harvel Jean-Baptiste of Republic of Haiti
    On the morning of July 8, President Lai Ching-te met with a delegation led by Minister of Foreign Affairs Jean-Victor Harvel Jean-Baptiste of the Republic of Haiti and his wife. In remarks, President Lai noted that our two countries will soon mark the 70th anniversary of diplomatic relations and that our exchanges have been fruitful in important areas such as public security, educational cooperation, and infrastructure. The president stated that Taiwan will continue to work together with Haiti to promote the development of medical and health care, food security, and construction that benefits people’s livelihoods. The president thanked Haiti for supporting Taiwan’s international participation and expressed hope that both countries will continue to support each other, deepen cooperation, and face various challenges together. A translation of President Lai’s remarks follows: I am delighted to meet and exchange ideas with Minister Jean-Baptiste, his wife, and our distinguished guests. Minister Jean-Baptiste is the highest-ranking official from Haiti to visit Taiwan since former President Jovenel Moïse visited in 2018, demonstrating the importance that the Haitian government attaches to our bilateral diplomatic ties. On behalf of the Republic of China (Taiwan), I extend a sincere welcome. Next year marks the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between our two countries. Our bilateral exchanges have been fruitful in important areas such as public security, educational cooperation, and infrastructure. Over the past few years, Haiti has faced challenges in such areas as food supply and healthcare. Taiwan will continue to work together with Haiti through various cooperative programs to promote the development of medical and health care, food security, and construction that benefits people’s livelihoods. I want to thank the government of Haiti and Minister Jean-Baptiste for speaking out in support of Taiwan on the international stage for many years. Minister Jean-Baptiste’s personal letter to the World Health Organization Secretariat in May this year and Minister of Public Health and Population Bertrand Sinal’s public statement during the World Health Assembly both affirmed Taiwan’s efforts and contributions to global public health and supported Taiwan’s international participation, for which we are very grateful. I hope that Taiwan and Haiti will continue to support each other and deepen cooperation. I believe that Minister Jean-Baptiste’s visit will open up more opportunities for cooperation for both countries, helping Taiwan and Haiti face various challenges together. In closing, I once again offer a sincere welcome to the delegation led by Minister Jean-Baptiste, and ask him to convey greetings from Taiwan to Prime Minister Alix Didier Fils-Aimé and the members of the Transitional Presidential Council. Minister Jean-Baptiste then delivered remarks, saying that he is extremely honored to visit Taiwan and reaffirm the solid and friendly cooperative relationship based on mutual respect between the Republic of Haiti and the Republic of China (Taiwan), which will soon mark its 70th anniversary. He also brought greetings to President Lai from Haiti’s Transitional Presidential Council and Prime Minister Fils-Aimé. Minister Jean-Baptiste emphasized that over the past few decades, despite the great geographical distance and developmental and cultural differences between our two countries, we have nevertheless established a firm friendship and demonstrated to the world the progress resulting from the mutual assistance and cooperation between our peoples. Minister Jean-Baptiste pointed out that our two countries cooperate closely in agriculture, health, education, and community development and have achieved concrete results. Taiwan’s voice, he said, is thus essential for the people of Haiti. He noted that Taiwan also plays an important role in peace and innovation and actively participates in global cooperative efforts. Pointing out that the world is currently facing significant challenges and that Haiti is experiencing its most difficult period in history, Minister Jean-Baptiste said that at this time, Taiwan and Haiti need to unite, help each other, and jointly think about how to move forward and deepen bilateral relations to benefit the peoples of both countries. Minister Jean-Baptiste said that he is pleased that throughout our solid and friendly diplomatic relationship, both countries have demonstrated mutual trust, mutual respect, and the values we jointly defend. He then stated his belief that Haiti and Taiwan will together create a cooperation model and future that are sincere, friendly, and sustainable. The delegation was accompanied to the Presidential Office by Chargé d’Affaires a.i. Francilien Victorin of the Embassy of the Republic of Haiti in Taiwan.

    Details
    2025-07-01
    President Lai meets delegation from 2025 Taiwan International Ocean Forum
    On the afternoon of July 1, President Lai Ching-te met with a delegation from the 2025 Taiwan International Ocean Forum (TIOF). In remarks, President Lai noted that the people of Taiwan will continue to work with democratic partners throughout the world in a maritime spirit of freedom and openness to contribute to ocean governance and jointly ensure maritime security. He expressed hope that their visit will help forge stronger friendships between Taiwan and international maritime partners, so that all can work together to spur shared maritime prosperity and sustainable development for the next generation. A translation of President Lai’s remarks follows: I want to thank our guests for coming here to the Presidential Office. The 2025 TIOF will take place tomorrow and the day after, and I thank you all for making the long trip to Taiwan to attend the event and share your valuable insights and experiences. This year’s forum will focus on strategies for strengthening maritime security and pathways to achieving a sustainable blue economy. By attending this forum, our guests are highlighting their commitment to safeguarding the oceans, and beyond that, taking concrete action to demonstrate support for Taiwan. I once again offer deepest gratitude on behalf of the people of Taiwan. Taiwan holds a key position on the first island chain, is one of the world’s top 10 shipping nations, and accounts for close to 10 percent of global container shipping by volume. As such, Taiwan occupies a unique and important position in maritime strategy. For Taiwan, the ocean is more than just a basis for survival and development; it is also an important driver of national prosperity. In my inaugural address last year, I spoke of a threefold approach to further Taiwan’s development. One of these involves further developing our strengths as a maritime nation. Our government must actively help deepen our connections with the ocean, and must continue to promote green shipping, a sustainable fishing industry, marine renewable energy, and other forms of industrial transformation. It must also make use of marine technology and digital innovation to create a new paradigm that balances environmental, economic, and social inclusion concerns. This will help enhance Taiwan’s responsibilities and competitiveness as a maritime nation. Taiwan is surrounded by ocean, and our territorial waters are a natural protective barrier. However, continued gray-zone aggression from China creates serious threats and challenges to peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait. Our government continues to invest resources to deal with increasingly complex maritime security issues. In addition to building coast guard patrol vessels, we must also step up efforts to build underwater, surface, and airborne unmanned vehicles and smart reconnaissance equipment, so as to demonstrate Taiwan’s determination to defend democracy and freedom and commitment to maintaining peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait. Oceans are Taiwan’s roots, and provide the channels by which we engage with the world. The people of Taiwan will continue to work with democratic partners throughout the world in a maritime spirit of freedom and openness to contribute to ocean governance and jointly ensure maritime security. The TIOF was first launched in 2020, and has now become an important platform for enhancement of cooperation between Taiwan and other countries. I hope that our distinguished guests will reap great benefits at this year’s forum, and further hope that this visit will help forge stronger friendships between Taiwan and international maritime partners, so that all can work together to spur shared maritime prosperity and sustainable development for the next generation. Chairman of The Washington Times Thomas McDevitt, a member of the delegation, then delivered remarks, noting first that July 4th, this Friday, is Independence Day in America. Independence is a sacred, powerful word which has great meaning in this part of the world, he said. Chairman McDevitt indicated that Taiwan has truly become a global beacon of democracy and a key partner for many nations. He then quoted President Lai’s 2024 inaugural address: “We will work together to combat disinformation, strengthen democratic resilience, address challenges, and allow Taiwan to become the MVP of the democratic world.” Chairman McDevitt went on to say that he appreciated the president’s speech with regard to his philosophical depth, sensitivity, and both moral and political clarity. He said that he was deeply moved by the speech, but within a few days of it, China responded with military activities and many threats. The chairman then emphasized that we are in a civilization crisis. Chairman McDevitt mentioned that President Lai has begun a series of 10 lectures, and remarked that they would help the world to understand the identity and the nature of Taiwan, as well as the situation we are in in the world. On behalf of all the delegation, Chairman McDevitt thanked the president for his leadership in dealing with these issues thoughtfully. Chairman McDevitt concluded with a line from the Old Testament which states that if the people have no vision, they will perish. He said that he believes Taiwan’s president has led the people of Taiwan, and the world, with a vision of how to navigate this great civilization crisis together. The delegation also included Members of the Japanese House of Representatives Kikawada Hitoshi, Aoyama Yamato, and Genma Kentaro, and Member of Parliament of the United Kingdom Gavin Williamson.

    Details
    2025-06-30
    President Lai meets Minister of State at UK Department for Business and Trade Douglas Alexander  
    On the morning of June 30, President Lai Ching-te met with Douglas Alexander, Minister of State at the Department for Business and Trade of the United Kingdom. In remarks, President Lai thanked the UK government for its longstanding support for peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait, demonstrating that Taiwan and the UK share similar goals. Noting that two years ago, Taiwan and the UK signed an enhanced trade partnership (ETP) arrangement, the president said that today Taiwan and the UK have signed three pillars under the ETP, which will help promote bilateral economic and trade cooperation. He expressed hope of the UK publicly supporting Taiwan’s accession to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) so that together we can create an economic and trade landscape in the Indo-Pacific characterized by shared prosperity and development. A translation of President Lai’s remarks follows: First, on behalf of the people of Taiwan, I extend a warm welcome to Minister Alexander and wish a fruitful outcome for the 27th round of Taiwan-UK trade talks later today. Taiwan-UK relations have grown closer in recent years. We have not only continued to strengthen cooperation in such fields as offshore wind power, innovative technologies, and culture and education but also have established regular dialogue mechanisms in the critical areas of economics and trade, energy, and agriculture. The UK is currently Taiwan’s fourth-largest European trading partner, second-largest source of investment from Europe, and third-largest target for investment in Europe. Two years ago, Taiwan and the UK signed an ETP arrangement. This was particularly meaningful, as it was the first institutionalized economic and trade framework between Taiwan and a European country. Today, this arrangement is yielding further results. I am delighted that Taiwan and the UK have signed three pillars under the ETP covering investment, digital trade, and energy and net-zero. This will help promote bilateral economic and trade cooperation and advance industrial development on both sides. I also want to thank the UK government for its longstanding support for peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait. This month, the UK published its Strategic Defence Review 2025 and National Security Strategy 2025, which oppose any unilateral attempts to change the status quo across the Taiwan Strait. These not only demonstrate that Taiwan and the UK share similar goals but also show that security and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific region are inseparable from those of the transatlantic regions. In addition, last November, the House of Commons passed a motion which made clear that United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 2758 neither established the sovereignty of the People’s Republic of China over Taiwan nor determined Taiwan’s status in the United Nations. The UK government also responded to the motion by publicly expressing for the first time its position on UNGA Resolution 2758, opposing any attempt to broaden the interpretation of the resolution to rewrite history. For this, on behalf of the people of Taiwan, I once again want to extend my deepest gratitude. Taiwan and the UK have the advantage of being highly complementary in the technology sector. In facing the restructuring of global supply chains and other international economic and trade developments, I believe that Taiwan and the UK are indispensable key partners for one another. I look forward to the UK publicly supporting Taiwan’s accession to the CPTPP so that together, we can create an economic and trade landscape in the Indo-Pacific characterized by shared prosperity and development. In closing, I wish Minister Alexander a pleasant and successful visit. And I hope he has the opportunity to visit Taiwan for personal travel in the future. Minister Alexander then delivered remarks, saying that it is a great personal honor to meet with everyone today to discuss further deepening the UK-Taiwan trade relationship and explore the many opportunities our two sides can pursue together. He mentioned that he traveled to Taiwan in 2022 when he was a private citizen, a visit he thoroughly enjoyed, so he is delighted to be back to see the strength of the UK-Taiwan relationship and the strengthening of that relationship. He said that relationship is built on mutual respect, democratic values, and a shared vision for open, resilient, and rules-based economic cooperation. As like-minded partners, he pointed out, our collaboration continues to grow across multiple sectors, and he is here today to further that momentum. Minister Alexander stated that on trade and investment, he is proud that this morning we signed the ETP Pillars on Investment, Digital Trade, Energy and Net Zero, which will provide a clear framework for our future cooperation and lay the foundation for expanded access and market-shaping engagement between our two economies. The minister said he believes that together with our annual trade talks, this partnership will help UK’s firms secure new commercial opportunities, improve regulatory alignment, and promote long-term investment in key growth areas, which in turn will also support Taiwan’s efforts to expand high-quality trade relationships with trusted partners. Minister Alexander said that President Lai’s promotion of the Five Trusted Industry Sectors and the UK’s recently published industrial and trade strategies are very well-aligned, as both cover clean energy and semiconductors as well as advanced manufacturing. He then provided an example, saying that both sides plan to invest in AI infrastructure and compute power-creating opportunities for great joint research in the future. By combining our strengths in these areas, he said, we can open the door to innovative collaboration and commercial success for both sides. He mentioned that yesterday he visited the Taiwan Space Agency, commenting that in sectors such as satellite technology, green energy, and cyber security, British expertise and trusted standards can provide meaningful solutions. Noting that President Lai spoke in his remarks of the broader challenge of peace and security in the region, Minister Alexander stated that the United Kingdom has, of course, also continued to affirm its commitment to peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait, along with its G7 partners. The UK-Taiwan relationship is strategic, enduring, and growing, he stated, and they reaffirm and remain firm in their longstanding position and confident in their ability to work together to support both prosperity and resilience in both of our societies. Minister Alexander said that, as Taiwan looks to diversify capital and build global partnerships, they believe the UK represents a strong and ambitious investment destination, particularly for Taiwanese companies at the very forefront of robotics, clean tech, and advanced industry. He pointed out that the UK’s markets are stable, open, and aligned with Taiwan’s vision of a high-tech, sustainable future, adding that he looks forward to our discussion on how we can further deepen our cooperation across all of these areas and more. The delegation also included Martin Kent, His Majesty’s Trade Commissioner for Asia Pacific at the UK Department for Business and Trade. The delegation was accompanied to the Presidential Office by British Office Taipei Representative Ruth Bradley-Jones.   

    Details
    2025-05-20
    President Lai interviewed by Nippon Television and Yomiuri TV
    In a recent interview on Nippon Television’s news zero program, President Lai Ching-te responded to questions from host Mr. Sakurai Sho and Yomiuri TV Shanghai Bureau Chief Watanabe Masayo on topics including reflections on his first year in office, cross-strait relations, China’s military threats, Taiwan-United States relations, and Taiwan-Japan relations. The interview was broadcast on the evening of May 19. During the interview, President Lai stated that China intends to change the world’s rules-based international order, and that if Taiwan were invaded, global supply chains would be disrupted. Therefore, he said, Taiwan will strengthen its national defense, prevent war by preparing for war, and achieve the goal of peace. The president also noted that Taiwan’s purpose for developing drones is based on national security and industrial needs, and that Taiwan hopes to collaborate with Japan. He then reiterated that China’s threats are an international problem, and expressed hope to work together with the US, Japan, and others in the global democratic community to prevent China from starting a war. Following is the text of the questions and the president’s responses: Q: How do you feel as you are about to round out your first year in office? President Lai: When I was young, I was determined to practice medicine and save lives. When I left medicine to go into politics, I was determined to transform Taiwan. And when I was sworn in as president on May 20 last year, I was determined to strengthen the nation. Time flies, and it has already been a year. Although the process has been very challenging, I am deeply honored to be a part of it. I am also profoundly grateful to our citizens for allowing me the opportunity to give back to our country. The future will certainly be full of more challenges, but I will do everything I can to unite the people and continue strengthening the nation. That is how I am feeling now. Q: We are now coming up on the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II, and over this period, we have often heard that conflict between Taiwan and the mainland is imminent. Do you personally believe that a cross-strait conflict could happen? President Lai: The international community is very much aware that China intends to replace the US and change the world’s rules-based international order, and annexing Taiwan is just the first step. So, as China’s military power grows stronger, some members of the international community are naturally on edge about whether a cross-strait conflict will break out. The international community must certainly do everything in its power to avoid a conflict in the Taiwan Strait; there is too great a cost. Besides causing direct disasters to both Taiwan and China, the impact on the global economy would be even greater, with estimated losses of US$10 trillion from war alone – that is roughly 10 percent of the global GDP. Additionally, 20 percent of global shipping passes through the Taiwan Strait and surrounding waters, so if a conflict breaks out in the strait, other countries including Japan and Korea would suffer a grave impact. For Japan and Korea, a quarter of external transit passes through the Taiwan Strait and surrounding waters, and a third of the various energy resources and minerals shipped back from other countries pass through said areas. If Taiwan were invaded, global supply chains would be disrupted, and therefore conflict in the Taiwan Strait must be avoided. Such a conflict is indeed avoidable. I am very thankful to Prime Minister of Japan Ishiba Shigeru and former Prime Ministers Abe Shinzo, Suga Yoshihide, and Kishida Fumio, as well as US President Donald Trump and former President Joe Biden, and the other G7 leaders, for continuing to emphasize at international venues that peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait are essential components for global security and prosperity. When everyone in the global democratic community works together, stacking up enough strength to make China’s objectives unattainable or to make the cost of invading Taiwan too high for it to bear, a conflict in the strait can naturally be avoided. Q: As you said, President Lai, maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait is also very important for other countries. How can war be avoided? What sort of countermeasures is Taiwan prepared to take to prevent war? President Lai: As Mr. Sakurai mentioned earlier, we are coming up on the 80th anniversary of the end of WWII. There are many lessons we can take from that war. First is that peace is priceless, and war has no winners. From the tragedies of WWII, there are lessons that humanity should learn. We must pursue peace, and not start wars blindly, as that would be a major disaster for humanity. In other words, we must be determined to safeguard peace. The second lesson is that we cannot be complacent toward authoritarian powers. If you give them an inch, they will take a mile. They will keep growing, and eventually, not only will peace be unattainable, but war will be inevitable. The third lesson is why WWII ended: It ended because different groups joined together in solidarity. Taiwan, Japan, and the Indo-Pacific region are all directly subjected to China’s threats, so we hope to be able to join together in cooperation. This is why we proposed the Four Pillars of Peace action plan. First, we will strengthen our national defense. Second, we will strengthen economic resilience. Third is standing shoulder to shoulder with the democratic community to demonstrate the strength of deterrence. Fourth is that as long as China treats Taiwan with parity and dignity, Taiwan is willing to conduct exchanges and cooperate with China, and seek peace and mutual prosperity. These four pillars can help us avoid war and achieve peace. That is to say, Taiwan hopes to achieve peace through strength, prevent war by preparing for war, keeping war from happening and pursuing the goal of peace. Q: Regarding drones, everyone knows that recently, Taiwan has been actively researching, developing, and introducing drones. Why do you need to actively research, develop, and introduce new drones at this time? President Lai: This is for two purposes. The first is to meet national security needs. The second is to meet industrial development needs. Because Taiwan, Japan, and the Philippines are all part of the first island chain, and we are all democratic nations, we cannot be like an authoritarian country like China, which has an unlimited national defense budget. In this kind of situation, island nations such as Taiwan, Japan, and the Philippines should leverage their own technologies to develop national defense methods that are asymmetric and utilize unmanned vehicles. In particular, from the Russo-Ukrainian War, we see that Ukraine has successfully utilized unmanned vehicles to protect itself and prevent Russia from unlimited invasion. In other words, the Russo-Ukrainian War has already proven the importance of drones. Therefore, the first purpose of developing drones is based on national security needs. Second, the world has already entered the era of smart technology. Whether generative, agentic, or physical, AI will continue to develop. In the future, cars and ships will also evolve into unmanned vehicles and unmanned boats, and there will be unmanned factories. Drones will even be able to assist with postal deliveries, or services like Uber, Uber Eats, and foodpanda, or agricultural irrigation and pesticide spraying. Therefore, in the future era of comprehensive smart technology, developing unmanned vehicles is a necessity. Taiwan, based on industrial needs, is actively planning the development of drones and unmanned vehicles. I would like to take this opportunity to express Taiwan’s hope to collaborate with Japan in the unmanned vehicle industry. Just as we do in the semiconductor industry, where Japan has raw materials, equipment, and technology, and Taiwan has wafer manufacturing, our two countries can cooperate. Japan is a technological power, and Taiwan also has significant technological strengths. If Taiwan and Japan work together, we will not only be able to safeguard peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and security in the Indo-Pacific region, but it will also be very helpful for the industrial development of both countries. Q: The drones you just described probably include examples from the Russo-Ukrainian War. Taiwan and China are separated by the Taiwan Strait. Do our drones need to have cross-sea flight capabilities? President Lai: Taiwan does not intend to counterattack the mainland, and does not intend to invade any country. Taiwan’s drones are meant to protect our own nation and territory. Q: Former President Biden previously stated that US forces would assist Taiwan’s defense in the event of an attack. President Trump, however, has yet to clearly state that the US would help defend Taiwan. Do you think that in such an event, the US would help defend Taiwan? Or is Taiwan now trying to persuade the US? President Lai: Former President Biden and President Trump have answered questions from reporters. Although their responses were different, strong cooperation with Taiwan under the Biden administration has continued under the Trump administration; there has been no change. During President Trump’s first term, cooperation with Taiwan was broader and deeper compared to former President Barack Obama’s terms. After former President Biden took office, cooperation with Taiwan increased compared to President Trump’s first term. Now, during President Trump’s second term, cooperation with Taiwan is even greater than under former President Biden. Taiwan-US cooperation continues to grow stronger, and has not changed just because President Trump and former President Biden gave different responses to reporters. Furthermore, the Trump administration publicly stated that in the future, the US will shift its strategic focus from Europe to the Indo-Pacific. The US secretary of defense even publicly stated that the primary mission of the US is to prevent China from invading Taiwan, maintain stability in the Indo-Pacific, and thus maintain world peace. There is a saying in Taiwan that goes, “Help comes most to those who help themselves.” Before asking friends and allies for assistance in facing threats from China, Taiwan must first be determined and prepared to defend itself. This is Taiwan’s principle, and we are working in this direction, making all the necessary preparations to safeguard the nation. Q: I would like to ask you a question about Taiwan-Japan relations. After the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, you made an appeal to give Japan a great deal of assistance and care. In particular, you visited Sendai to offer condolences. Later, you also expressed condolences and concern after the earthquakes in Aomori and Kumamoto. What are your expectations for future Taiwan-Japan exchanges and development? President Lai: I come from Tainan, and my constituency is in Tainan. Tainan has very deep ties with Japan, and of course, Taiwan also has deep ties with Japan. However, among Taiwan’s 22 counties and cities, Tainan has the deepest relationship with Japan. I sincerely hope that both of you and your teams will have an opportunity to visit Tainan. I will introduce Tainan’s scenery, including architecture from the era of Japanese rule, Tainan’s cuisine, and unique aspects of Tainan society, and you can also see lifestyles and culture from the Showa era.  The Wushantou Reservoir in Tainan was completed by engineer Mr. Hatta Yoichi from Kanazawa, Japan and the team he led to Tainan after he graduated from then-Tokyo Imperial University. It has nearly a century of history and is still in use today. This reservoir, along with the 16,000-km-long Chianan Canal, transformed the 150,000-hectare Chianan Plain into Taiwan’s premier rice-growing area. It was that foundation in agriculture that enabled Taiwan to develop industry and the technology sector of today. The reservoir continues to supply water to Tainan Science Park. It is used by residents of Tainan, the agricultural sector, and industry, and even the technology sector in Xinshi Industrial Park, as well as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company. Because of this, the people of Tainan are deeply grateful for Mr. Hatta and very friendly toward the people of Japan. A major earthquake, the largest in 50 years, struck Tainan on February 6, 2016, resulting in significant casualties. As mayor of Tainan at the time, I was extremely grateful to then-Prime Minister Abe, who sent five Japanese officials to the disaster site in Tainan the day after the earthquake. They were very thoughtful and asked what kind of assistance we needed from the Japanese government. They offered to provide help based on what we needed. I was deeply moved, as former Prime Minister Abe showed such care, going beyond the formality of just sending supplies that we may or may not have actually needed. Instead, the officials asked what we needed and then provided assistance based on those needs, which really moved me. Similarly, when the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 or the later Kumamoto earthquakes struck, the people of Tainan, under my leadership, naturally and dutifully expressed their support. Even earlier, when central Taiwan was hit by a major earthquake in 1999, Japan was the first country to deploy a rescue team to the disaster area. On February 6, 2018, after a major earthquake in Hualien, former Prime Minister Abe appeared in a video holding up a message of encouragement he had written in calligraphy saying “Remain strong, Taiwan.” All of Taiwan was deeply moved. Over the years, Taiwan and Japan have supported each other when earthquakes struck, and have forged bonds that are family-like, not just neighborly. This is truly valuable. In the future, I hope Taiwan and Japan can be like brothers, and that the peoples of Taiwan and Japan can treat one another like family. If Taiwan has a problem, then Japan has a problem; if Japan has a problem, then Taiwan has a problem. By caring for and helping each other, we can face various challenges and difficulties, and pursue a brighter future. Q: President Lai, you just used the phrase “If Taiwan has a problem, then Japan has a problem.” In the event that China attempts to invade Taiwan by force, what kind of response measures would you hope the US military and Japan’s Self-Defense Forces take? President Lai: As I just mentioned, annexing Taiwan is only China’s first step. Its ultimate objective is to change the rules-based international order. That being the case, China’s threats are an international problem. So, I would very much hope to work together with the US, Japan, and others in the global democratic community to prevent China from starting a war – prevention, after all, is more important than cure.

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News

  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: The MHRA and the global flu vaccine: How the UK is helping shape the world’s flu vaccine 

    Source: United Kingdom – Government Statements

    News story

    The MHRA and the global flu vaccine: How the UK is helping shape the world’s flu vaccine 

    Ensuring the seasonal flu vaccine is ready, safe and effective involves months of international planning, testing and collaboration

    Each year, millions of people across the globe catch influenza, commonly known as the flu. While many recover quickly, flu can be deadly, particularly for older adults, young children, and those with weakened immune systems. In the UK alone, seasonal flu can cause thousands of deaths in a bad year. This is why having an effective and up-to-date flu vaccine is crucial. 

    Millions of people around the world prepare for seasonal influenza by getting vaccinated. It’s something many of us take for granted – a quick injection at the GP or pharmacy. But behind the scenes, ensuring that vaccine is ready, safe, and effective involves months of international planning, testing, and collaboration. 

    At the heart of that global effort is the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) – the UK’s regulator for medicines and medical devices. The MHRA’s role goes far beyond approving medicines for the UK. It also leads on the international stage by hosting the MHRA Global Influenza Meeting, a key event that helps guide the development and delivery of the world’s flu vaccines. 

    Why the flu vaccine needs updating every year 

    Unlike some viruses, like measles, the influenza virus constantly changes and evolves. This means that last year’s vaccine may not protect against this year’s strains. Each year, scientists and regulators across the world work together to track the latest strains of the virus and decide which ones should be included in the next season’s vaccine. 

    The World Health Organization (WHO) leads this process through a network of research centres and laboratories known as Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System. However, transforming that scientific research and development into safe, effective, and timely licensed vaccines involves regulators. The MHRA plays a key role in both aspects. 

    A meeting 20 years in the making 

    This year marks the 40th MHRA influenza meeting, held twice a year for the past 20 years. This year, it was held last week. What began as a European-focused gathering has grown into a major global event, drawing together public health experts, scientists, manufacturers, and regulators from across the world. 

    As Dr Othmar Engelhardt, the MHRA’s Head of Seasonal Influenza and organiser of the meetings, explains, the MHRA provides “a well-established venue for discussions within the community, bringing together everyone involved in the process of producing and delivering the vaccine after the strains relevant to a particular season are recommended by the WHO strain selection committee.” 

    What happens at the meeting? 

    The aim of the meeting is to ensure that all players have the information they need to ensure that the provision of the annual flu vaccine is the best it can be – delivered on time, with as few hurdles as possible. It’s a forum to share science, streamline processes, and keep the world prepared. 

    Topics covered are wide-ranging, including: 

    • Update on influenza in the world: Which flu viruses are circulating globally, and which are most likely to pose a threat in the coming season? 

    • Reagents and standards: What laboratory materials are available for testing and manufacturing? How can the community help speed up access to these materials? 

    • Vaccine production updates: How ready are manufacturers for the upcoming flu season following the WHO strain recommendation, and what’s needed to smooth the supply chain? 

    Importantly, there is also a focus on zoonotic influenza – flu viruses that jump from animals, such as birds or pigs, to humans. These have the potential to spark the next influenza pandemic, so surveillance and preparation of potential vaccine candidates are essential. 

    The disappearance of B/Yamagata 

    One notable scientific development in recent years is the apparent disappearance of the B/Yamagata flu lineage since the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously, flu vaccines were quadrivalent, meaning that they contained four virus components (two A types and two B types). Now, many have moved to a trivalent vaccine, with only three components – a shift that required regulatory review and approval. 

    Special topics: new vaccines and testing methods 

    Day three of the meeting was dedicated to a special topic, namely a workshop on new vaccine platforms and targets for influenza. As technology evolves, researchers are exploring faster and potentially more effective ways to develop, test and produce vaccines – including using mRNA technology and exploring universal flu vaccines (i.e. a vaccine against most flu strains -which would not have to be changed between seasons). 

    Another key area is vaccine potency (i.e. dose) testing. The current gold-standard method, called Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRD), was developed in the 1970s by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), now part of the MHRA. Though still recommended by the WHO, researchers are now working on faster and more flexible alternatives, supported by a working group that reports back into the MHRA meeting. 

    The 40th meeting also featured reflections from former NIBSC/MHRA staff who were key contributors to SRD methodology, underscoring the UK’s longstanding leadership in this space. 

    MHRA’s international role 

    As one of the four WHO Essential Regulatory Laboratories (ERLs) – alongside labs in the US, Japan, and Australia – the MHRA plays a unique role. Its Influenza Resource Centre (IRC) helps develop candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs), ships CVVs and reagents around the world, contributes scientific expertise to vaccine strain selection, prepares biological standards and reagents for use in vaccine manufacture and testing, and our regulatory colleagues advise on the global regulatory process. 

    This role also places the MHRA at the forefront of pandemic preparedness, including contributing to the WHO’s Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Preparedness framework. This involves all the above. staying alert to emerging zoonotic threats and ensuring the global community is ready to respond. 

    A diverse and united audience 

    What makes the MHRA Global Influenza Meeting especially valuable is its diversity. It brings together the WHO, regulators, researchers and manufacturers in one open forum. In a field as complex and fast-moving as influenza, open communication is vital. 

    As Othmar noted, “The flu field can be difficult because the viruses change all the time, meaning that the vaccines have to change as well.” The meeting provides a rare opportunity for all the key players to align their goals, share progress, and prepare together. 

    Why it matters to the UK and the world 

    Ultimately, the MHRA’s role in facilitating this global collaboration helps ensure that flu vaccines are timely, safe, and effective, not just in the UK but across the world. From setting scientific standards to hosting crucial conversations, the MHRA continues to play a central role in protecting global health. 

    For us in the UK, this means protection each winter. For the global community, it means stronger defences against one of the world’s most common infectious threats. 

    So next time you’re offered a flu vaccination, remember that behind that quick appointment lies a year of global planning, science, and collaboration – with a lot of this happening right here in the UK.

    Updates to this page

    Published 22 July 2025

    MIL OSI United Kingdom

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: Tenders invited for licence of fee-paying public car park at New Territories (Shatin) Forensic Medicine Centre

    Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region – 4

         The Government Property Agency (GPA) is inviting tenders for a three-year licence of a fee-paying public car park on portions of the Second Floor of New Territories (Shatin) Forensic Medicine Centre, 7 Lower Shing Mun Road, Tai Wai, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong.

         The premises should only be used to operate a fee-paying public car park for the parking of private cars.

         The tender notice was uploaded today (July 22) to the GPA Property Portal: www.gpaproperty.gov.hk/en/index.html. Tender documents are available for collection at the GPA, 9/F, South Tower, West Kowloon Government Offices, 11 Hoi Ting Road, Yau Ma Tei, Kowloon, during the period from 9am to 6pm from Monday to Friday, except public holidays. The documents can also be downloaded from the GPA Property Portal.

         Interested tenderers who wish to conduct a site inspection of the premises should make a prior appointment with the GPA by calling 3842 6783 by July 29.

         Tenderers must submit their tenders by placing them in the Government Logistics Department Tender Box placed on the Ground Floor, North Point Government Offices, 333 Java Road, North Point, Hong Kong, before noon on August 12. Late tenders will not be accepted.

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: LegCo to consider Legislative Council (Powers and Privileges) (Amendment) Bill 2025

    Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region – 4

    The following is issued on behalf of the Legislative Council Secretariat:

         The Legislative Council (LegCo) will hold a meeting tomorrow (July 23) at 11am in the Chamber of the LegCo Complex. During the meeting, the Second Reading debate on the Legislative Council (Powers and Privileges) (Amendment) Bill 2025 will resume. If the Bill is supported by Members and receives its Second Reading, it will stand committed to the committee of the whole Council. After the committee of the whole Council has completed consideration of the Bill and its report is adopted by the Council, the Bill will be set down for the Third Reading.

         The Second Reading debates on the Promotion of Recycling and Proper Disposal of Products (Miscellaneous Amendments) Bill 2025 and the Electronic Health Record Sharing System (Amendment) Bill 2025 will also resume. If the Bills are supported by Members and receive their Second Reading, they will stand committed to the committee of the whole Council. After the committee of the whole Council has completed consideration of the Bills and their reports are adopted by the Council, the Bills will be set down for the Third Reading.

         Meanwhile, the Supplementary Appropriation (2024-2025) Bill will be introduced into the Council for the First Reading and the Second Reading. The Second Reading debate on the Bill will be adjourned.

         On Members’ motions, Mr Paul Tse will move two proposed resolutions under Article 75 of the Basic Law and the Legislative Council (Powers and Privileges) Ordinance respectively to enhance the operation of LegCo. The proposed resolutions are set out in Appendices 1 and 2.

         Ms Judy Chan will move a motion on improving the policy on encouraging childbirth. The motion is set out in Appendix 3. Ms Nixie Lam, Mr Luk Chung-hung and Mr Kenneth Leung will move separate amendments to Ms Chan’s motion.

         Mr Chan Pui-leung will move a motion on addressing the retirement needs of the middle class and building a high-quality health and wellness ecosystem. The motion is set out in Appendix 4. Mr Robert Lee, Mr Stanley Li and Dr Tan Yueheng will move separate amendments to Mr Chan’s motion.

         Ms Nixie Lam will move a proposed resolution under section 34(4) of the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance to extend the period for amending subsidiary legislation. The proposed resolution is set out in Appendix 5.

         During the meeting, the Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee, Mr Shiu Ka-fai, will present the “Report of the Public Accounts Committee on Report No. 84 of the Director of Audit on the Results of Value for Money Audits” and address the Council.

         Members will also ask the Government 22 questions on various policy areas, six of which require oral replies.

         The agenda of the above meeting can be obtained via the LegCo Website (www.legco.gov.hk). Members of the public can watch or listen to the meeting via the “Webcast” system on the LegCo Website. To observe the proceedings of the meeting at the LegCo Complex, members of the public may call 3919 3399 during office hours to reserve seats.

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News

  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: Instruction for Use for rapid antigen test kit needs to be updated

    Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region – 4

    The Department of Health (DH) announced today (July 22) that it had received a notification from the supplier of a rapid antigen test (RAT) stating that a product’s Instruction for Use (IFU) needed to be updated to avoid users misinterpreting the test results. The product information is as follows:

    Name: Ten Respiratory Pathogens Antigen Test Kit
    Supplier: SAVEWO Distribution Limited
    Manufacturer: Anhui Deepblue Medical Technology Co., Ltd
    Model number: RP1011N-1
    Lot numbers: 20250301 and 20250501

    According to information provided by the supplier in Hong Kong, the product in question is an all-in-one test for 10 types of respiratory pathogens, including influenza, COVID-19 and H5N1 avian influenza. It has been distributed in the local retail market since March this year. Following internal testing, the manufacturer has updated the IFU to state that if the H5N1 detection zone is positive but the FIuA+B/COV detection zone is negative, the H5N1 avian influenza test result is invalid.

    The supplier has uploaded the updated IFU to its official website. Members of the public who have purchased the affected batch of products are advised to contact the supplier at 5503 2370 if they have any queries regarding their RAT test results.

    The product concerned is a Class C (moderate-high risk) In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Device and is not listed under the DH’s Medical Device Administrative Control System (MDACS).

    The DH reminded members of the public that all RATs have limitations, including the possibility of false negative or false positive results. Therefore, RAT test results can only be used for reference purposes and cannot replace the professional diagnosis by doctors. Members of the public should consult healthcare professionals if they have doubts about the results of RATs.

    Separately, the DH has introduced a voluntary MDACS, under which a listing system for medical devices and traders, as well as a post-market monitoring system, is in place to ensure that medical devices supplied in Hong Kong meet the safety, quality and performance requirements. Information on listed medical devices is uploaded to the website of the DH’s Medical Device Division (www.mdd.gov.hk/en/mdacs/search-database/list-md/index.html). The DH advised members of the public to purchase medical devices listed under the MDACS wherever possible to ensure that the products meet the standards on safety, quality and performance.

    The DH will continue to follow up on the incident and take appropriate action.

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News