The value of total retail sales for December, provisionally estimated at $32.8 billion, was 9.7% less than in the same month a year earlier, the Census & Statistics Department announced today.
After netting out the effects of price changes over the same period, the provisional estimate represents an 11.5% year-on-year decrease.
The value of total retail sales for 2024 as a whole was provisionally estimated at $376.8 billion, down 7.3% in value and 9% in volume against 2023.
Online sales accounted for 7.2% of December’s total retail sales value. Provisionally estimated at $2.4 billion, the value of this segment fell 17.2% from the same month a year earlier.
The value of sales of jewellery, watches, clocks and valuable gifts dropped by 13.8%.
Meanwhile, decreases were likewise seen in sales of “consumer goods not elsewhere classified” (down 2.9%); commodities in supermarkets (down 3.1%); clothing (down 11.1%); food, alcoholic drinks and tobacco (down 0.6%); commodities in department stores (down 8.9%); and medicines and cosmetics (down 2.2%).
Sales also declined in the following categories: electrical goods and other consumer durable goods not elsewhere classified (down 20.2%); motor vehicles and parts (down 36.3%); fuels (down 11.2%); footwear, allied products and other clothing accessories (down 4.9%); Chinese drugs and herbs (down 2.2%); furniture and fixtures (down 22%); books, newspapers, stationery and gifts (down 9.6%); and optical items (down 7.5%).
The Government commented that the decline in the value of total retail sales in December from a year earlier partly reflected an increase in outbound trips by residents during the holidays.
Looking ahead, it said the retail sector’s near-term performance will continue to be affected by changes in the consumption patterns of visitors and residents.
However, it added that increasing earnings from employment, and the introduction of various measures by the central government to boost the Mainland’s economy and benefit Hong Kong, together with proactive efforts by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government to promote tourism and boost market sentiment, will benefit the sector.
Hong Kong’s economy in the fourth quarter of 2024 increased 2.4% year-on-year, and grew 2.5% for 2024 as a whole.
The Census & Statistics Department announced the figures today as it released its advance estimates on gross domestic product (GDP) for the fourth quarter and the whole of 2024.
According to the estimates, private consumption expenditure decreased 0.2% in real terms in the fourth quarter of 2024 over a year earlier, while it decreased 0.6% for the whole year.
Government consumption expenditure grew 1.9% year-on-year and expanded 0.9% for 2024 as a whole.
Gross domestic fixed capital formation fell 0.9% year-on-year and increased 2.4% for the whole of 2024.
Over the same period, total goods exports and imports grew 1.2% and 0.1% from a year earlier. For the whole of 2024, total goods exports and imports increased 4.7% and 2.3%.
Compared with a year earlier, exports of services rose 5.6% in the fourth quarter, while imports of services went up 8.7%. For 2024 in full, exports and imports of services increased 4.8% and 11.8% respectively.
Commenting on the figures, the Government said the Hong Kong economy posted moderate growth of 2.5% in 2024, further to 3.2% growth in 2023.
During the year, total exports of goods resumed growth amid improved external demand. Exports of services continued to increase, driven by further growth of visitor arrivals and improvement in other cross-border economic activities. Overall investment expenditure showed a further increase as the economy continued to expand.
However, private consumption expenditure recorded a slight decline, affected by the change in residents’ consumption patterns.
Looking ahead, the Hong Kong economy is expected to register further growth in 2025 despite heightened uncertainties in the external environment. Trade protectionist policies implemented by the US may disrupt global trade flows and adversely affect Hong Kong’s goods exports, and also lead to a slower pace of interest rate cuts in the US and keep the Hong Kong dollar strong for longer.
Nevertheless, the Mainland’s proactive policy to boost its economy will help bolster market confidence and benefit a wide spectrum of economic segments in Hong Kong. The central government’s various measures benefitting Hong Kong, coupled with the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government’s wide range of initiatives to promote economic growth, will also provide support to various economic activities, it added.
Source: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
National Statistics Offices (NSOs) and Policy departments have had a long-standing relationship where the NSO prepares statistical information to help policy departments make effective policy decisions. Often, the dialogue between NSOs and policy departments has been limited to the NSO preparing data tables or microdata files for the use of policy makers, with little real communication taking place.
However, the enormous amount of data and statistical information required for SDGs coupled with the complex nature of the intersectionality of the SDGs, translates into a need for policy makers and national statistics offices to collaborate and enhance communication to be able to adequately respond to the ambitious nature of the 2030 Agenda.
This webinar will bring together policy makers and statisticians to discuss how the SDGs have given rise to a deeper level of collaboration. It will provide opportunity to discuss what works and what does not work from those working on SDG policy and those working to provide the necessary statistics. It will also provide space to share best practices from real experiences in different countries.
Source: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
About the meeting
The workshop aims to explore the transformative impact of Generative AI on official statistics and provide a platform for professionals and stakeholders to exchange knowledge, showcase practical applications, and address governance, ethical, and infrastructural challenges in integrating Generative AI.
Key themes include building organizational capacity, practical AI applications, governance and risk management, and fostering partnerships with AI leaders. Through discussions, case studies, and interactive sessions, the event aims to equip National Statistical Offices with the tools and strategies needed to adopt Generative AI responsibly and effectively.
Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region
The Census and Statistics Department (C&SD) released today (February 3) the advance estimates on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the fourth quarter and the whole year of 2024.
According to the advance estimates, GDP increased by 2.4% in real terms in the fourth quarter of 2024 over a year earlier, compared with the increase of 1.9% in the third quarter. For 2024 as a whole, GDP increased by 2.5% in real terms over 2023.
Analysed by major GDP component, private consumption expenditure (PCE) decreased by 0.2% in real terms in the fourth quarter of 2024 from a year earlier, narrowed from the decrease of 1.3% in the third quarter. For 2024 as a whole, PCE decreased by 0.6% in real terms from 2023.
Government consumption expenditure (GCE) measured in national accounts terms recorded an increase of 1.9% in real terms in the fourth quarter of 2024 over a year earlier, compared with the increase of 1.7% in the third quarter. For 2024 as a whole, GCE increased by 0.9% in real terms over 2023.
Gross domestic fixed capital formation (GDFCF) decreased by 0.9% in real terms in the fourth quarter of 2024 from a year earlier, as against the increase of 5.7% in the third quarter. For 2024 as a whole, GDFCF increased by 2.4% in real terms over 2023.
Over the same period, total exports of goods measured in national accounts terms recorded an increase of 1.2% in real terms over a year earlier, moderated from the increase of 4.0% in the third quarter. Imports of goods measured in national accounts terms grew by 0.1% in real terms in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared with the increase of 2.8% in the third quarter. For 2024 as a whole, total exports of goods and imports of goods recorded increases of 4.7% and 2.3% respectively in real terms over 2023.
Exports of services rose further by 5.6% in real terms in the fourth quarter of 2024 over a year earlier, after the increase of 2.9% in the third quarter. Imports of services increased by 8.7% in real terms in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared with the increase of 8.9% in the third quarter. For 2024 as a whole, exports of services and imports of services recorded increases of 4.8% and 11.8% respectively in real terms over 2023.
On a seasonally adjusted quarter-to-quarter comparison basis, GDP increased by 0.8% in real terms in the fourth quarter of 2024 when compared with the third quarter.
Commentary
A Government spokesman said that the Hong Kong economy grew at an accelerated pace in the fourth quarter of 2024 over a year earlier. According to the advance estimates, real GDP expanded by 2.4% year-on-year in the fourth quarter. On a seasonally adjusted quarter-to-quarter basis, real GDP turned to growth of 0.8%.
For 2024 as a whole, real GDP posted moderate growth of 2.5%, further to 3.2% growth in 2023. Total exports of goods resumed growth amid improved external demand. Exports of services continued to increase, driven by further growth of visitor arrivals and improvement in other cross-border economic activities. Overall investment expenditure showed a further increase as the economy continued to expand. However, private consumption expenditure recorded a slight decline, affected by the change in residents’ consumption patterns.
Looking ahead, the Hong Kong economy is expected to register further growth in 2025 despite heightened uncertainties in the external environment. Trade protectionist policies implemented by the US may disrupt global trade flows and adversely affect Hong Kong’s goods exports. They may also lead to a slower pace of interest rate cuts in the US and keep the Hong Kong dollar strong for longer. Nevertheless, the Mainland’s proactive policy to boost its economy will help bolster market confidence and benefit a wide spectrum of economic segments in Hong Kong. The Central Government’s various measures benefitting Hong Kong, coupled with the SAR Government’s wide range of initiatives to promote economic growth, will also provide support to various economic activities.
The revised figures on GDP and more detailed statistics for the fourth quarter and the whole year of 2024, as well as the real GDP growth forecast for 2025 will be released on February 26, 2025 when the 2025-26 Budget is announced.
Further information
The year-on-year percentage changes of GDP and selected major expenditure components in real terms from the fourth quarter of 2023 to the fourth quarter of 2024 are shown in Table 1.
When more data become available, the C&SD will compile revised figures on GDP. The revised figures on GDP and more detailed statistics for the fourth quarter and the whole year of 2024 will be released at the C&SD website (www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/scode250.html) and the Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure Component report (www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/EIndexbySubject.html?pcode=B1030001&scode=250) on February 26, 2025.
For enquiries about statistics on GDP by expenditure component, please contact the National Income Branch (1) of the C&SD (Tel: 2582 5077 or email: gdp-e@censtatd.gov.hk).
Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region
The Census and Statistics Department (C&SD) released the latest figures on retail sales today (February 3).
The value of total retail sales in December 2024, provisionally estimated at $32.8 billion, decreased by 9.7% compared with the same month in 2023. The revised estimate of the value of total retail sales in November 2024 decreased by 7.3% compared with a year earlier.
Of the total retail sales value in December 2024, online sales accounted for 7.2%. The value of online retail sales in that month, provisionally estimated at $2.4 billion, decreased by 17.2% compared with the same month in 2023. The revised estimate of online retail sales in November 2024 decreased by 7.2% compared with a year earlier.
After netting out the effect of price changes over the same period, the provisional estimate of the volume of total retail sales in December 2024 decreased by 11.5% compared with a year earlier. The revised estimate of the volume of total retail sales in November 2024 decreased by 8.4% compared with a year earlier.
Analysed by broad type of retail outlet in descending order of the provisional estimate of the value of sales and comparing December 2024 with December 2023, the value of sales of jewellery, watches and clocks, and valuable gifts decreased by 13.8%. This was followed by sales of other consumer goods not elsewhere classified (-2.9% in value); commodities in supermarkets (-3.1%); wearing apparel (-11.1%); food, alcoholic drinks and tobacco (-0.6%); commodities in department stores (-8.9%); medicines and cosmetics (-2.2%); electrical goods and other consumer durable goods not elsewhere classified (-20.2%); motor vehicles and parts (-36.3%); fuels (-11.2%); footwear, allied products and other clothing accessories (-4.9%); Chinese drugs and herbs (-2.2%); furniture and fixtures (-22.0%); books, newspapers, stationery and gifts (-9.6%); and optical shops (-7.5%).
Based on the seasonally adjusted series, the provisional estimate of the value of total retail sales decreased by 0.1% in the fourth quarter of 2024 compared with the preceding quarter, while the provisional estimate of the volume of total retail sales decreased by 0.2%.
For 2024 as a whole, the value of total retail sales was provisionally estimated at $376.8 billion, decreased by 7.3% in value and 9.0% in volume compared with 2023. The value of online retail sales was provisionally estimated at $31.7 billion, decreased by 2.6% over 2023.
Analysed by broad type of retail outlet in descending order of the provisional estimate of the value of sales and comparing the whole year of 2024 with the whole year of 2023, the value of sales of jewellery, watches and clocks, and valuable gifts decreased by 14.5%. This was followed by sales of commodities in supermarkets (-1.5% in value); wearing apparel (-10.6%); food, alcoholic drinks and tobacco (-3.2%); electrical goods and other consumer durable goods not elsewhere classified (-11.3%); commodities in department stores (-13.9%); motor vehicles and parts (-17.2%); fuels (-11.4%); footwear, allied products and other clothing accessories (-7.5%); furniture and fixtures (-14.4%); Chinese drugs and herbs (-14.8%); and optical shops (-13.6%).
On the other hand, the value of sales of other consumer goods not elsewhere classified increased by 0.4% in 2024 compared with 2023. This was followed by sales of medicines and cosmetics (+4.4% in value); and books, newspapers, stationery and gifts (+4.7%).
Commentary
A government spokesman said that the value of total retail sales declined further in December from a year earlier, partly reflecting the impact of residents’ increased outbound trips during the holidays. For the fourth quarter as a whole, the value of total retail sales fell by 6.7% year-on-year, narrower than the 9.6% decrease in the preceding quarter.
Looking ahead, the spokesman said that the near-term performance of the retail sector would continue to be affected by the change in consumption patterns of visitors and residents. Nevertheless, the introduction of various measures by the Central Government to boost the Mainland economy and benefit Hong Kong, together with the SAR Government’s proactive efforts to promote tourism development and boost market sentiment, as well as increasing employment earnings, would benefit the retail sector.
Further information
Table 1 presents the revised figures on value index and value of retail sales for all retail outlets and by broad type of retail outlet for November 2024 as well as the provisional figures for December 2024. The provisional figures on the value of retail sales for all retail outlets and by broad type of retail outlet as well as the corresponding year-on-year changes for the whole year of 2024 are also shown.
Table 2 presents the revised figures on value of online retail sales for November 2024 as well as the provisional figures for December 2024. The provisional figures on year-on-year changes for the whole year of 2024 are also shown.
Table 3 presents the revised figures on volume index of retail sales for all retail outlets and by broad type of retail outlet for November 2024 as well as the provisional figures for December 2024. The provisional figures on year-on-year changes for the whole year of 2024 are also shown.
Table 4 shows the movements of the value and volume of total retail sales in terms of the year-on-year rate of change for a month compared with the same month in the preceding year based on the original series, and in terms of the rate of change for a three-month period compared with the preceding three-month period based on the seasonally adjusted series.
The classification of retail establishments follows the Hong Kong Standard Industrial Classification (HSIC) Version 2.0, which is used in various economic surveys for classifying economic units into different industry classes.
These retail sales statistics measure the sales receipts in respect of goods sold by local retail establishments and are primarily intended for gauging the short-term business performance of the local retail sector. Data on retail sales are collected from local retail establishments through the Monthly Survey of Retail Sales (MRS). Local retail establishments with and without physical shops are covered in MRS and their sales, both through conventional shops and online channels, are included in the retail sales statistics.
The retail sales statistics cover consumer spending on goods but not on services (such as those on housing, catering, medical care and health services, transport and communication, financial services, education and entertainment) which account for over 50% of the overall consumer spending. Moreover, they include spending on goods in Hong Kong by visitors but exclude spending outside Hong Kong by Hong Kong residents. Hence they should not be regarded as indicators for measuring overall consumer spending.
Users interested in the trend of overall consumer spending should refer to the data series of private consumption expenditure (PCE), which is a major component of the Gross Domestic Product published at quarterly intervals. Compiled from a wide range of data sources, PCE covers consumer spending on both goods (including goods purchased from all channels) and services by Hong Kong residents whether locally or abroad. Please refer to the C&SD publication “Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure Component” for more details.
More detailed statistics are given in the “Report on Monthly Survey of Retail Sales”. Users can browse and download this publication at the website of the C&SD (www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/EIndexbySubject.html?pcode=B1080003&scode=530).
Users who have enquiries about the survey results may contact the Distribution Services Statistics Section of C&SD (Tel: 3903 7400; email : mrs@censtatd.gov.hk).
Of the total card turnover in Denmark in 2024, the vast majority, kr. 616 billion, came from transactions made by Danes, while the remaining kr. 45 billion came from transactions made by foreigners. In comparison, Danes reached a card turnover of kr. 158 billion abroad in 2024, which is 16 percent higher than in 2023.
Keep track of the daily card turnover
As a supplement to the quarterly payment statistics, which include information on the total card turnover in Denmark, Danmarks Nationalbank continuously publishes payment statistics based on daily payment card transactions in the card acquiring market in Denmark. The information is collected from six card payment acquirers in Denmark and is therefore not a complete record. This means that there will be differences in the coverage of the two statistics. Despite this, the development in card turnover in Denmark is comparable for the two statistics. In the daily payment statistics, one can already see how card turnover has developed up to and including January 19, 2025.
There are particularly large differences between the two reports in the period from the 2nd quarter og 2020 to the 2nd quarter of 2021. Part of the explanation for the differences in this period is the changed consumption and payment patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The brief highlights how SDMX can simplify data activities and improve statistical interoperability, noting its growing use among national statistics offices, central banks, and statistical data producers. The brief also emphasizes the importance of capacity building to ensure the successful adoption of SDMX.
Quarterly current account deficit $6.2 billion – 18 December 2024 – New Zealand’s seasonally adjusted current account deficit narrowed by $0.9 billion to $6.2 billion in the September 2024 quarter, according to figures released by Stats NZ today.
Fall in goods imports drives the narrowing deficit
In the September 2024 quarter, the seasonally adjusted goods deficit narrowed by $0.7 billion to $1.9 billion, driven by a $0.8 billion fall in goods imports.
“In the September 2024 quarter, New Zealand imported fewer cars than last quarter. Also contributing to the fall was transport equipment imports with no defence aircraft imported, which were recorded in the June 2024 quarter,” international accounts spokesperson Viki Ward said.
“There was a higher volume of petrol imports in this quarter.”
Goods exports decreased by $0.1 billion, driven by meat and casein.
Sweet season for kiwifruit exports – 20 December 2024 – Kiwifruit exports were valued at $3.5 billion for the 2024 season, according to data released by Stats NZ today.
The value of kiwifruit exports in the 2024 season has increased by $1 billion (44 percent), compared with 2023. The kiwifruit season is typically from March to November.
Gold kiwifruit tend to have a higher unit price than green.
“While the prices for kiwifruit remained relatively stable, the volume of kiwifruit produced this season has driven the overall increase in exports,” international accounts spokesperson Viki Ward said.
“This is a great recovery for the industry after last year’s weather events, and a return to historic highs.”
Source: United States House of Representatives – Representative Kevin Mullin California (15th District)
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Washington, D.C. – In response to an increase in the rate of pedestrian fatalities across the United States, Congressman Kevin Mullin (CA-15), introduced federal legislation that aims to address the impacts of driver-controlled technology in vehicles.
October is National Pedestrian Safety Month, and Rep. Mullin announced his Driver Technology and Pedestrian Safety Act, H.R. 10051.
According to the most recent data available, in just one year 7,522 pedestrians were killed in traffic collisions in the United States and 67,000 pedestrians were injured. This reflects an alarming trend of increasing fatalities over the past several years. One of the biggest recent changes is the proliferation of driver-controlled technology in vehicles, such as touch screens that have replaced traditional knobs and switches, which require an increased amount of drivers’ attention. This, combined with other changes in the environment and traffic patterns, may be leading to increasingly dangerous road conditions. However, there have not been significant national studies on this topic that could inform policymakers on how to better protect pedestrians and other road users.
“However you move around – whether you take public transit, drive a car, or ride a bike – at some point all of us are a pedestrian. Safety on our roads is everyone’s responsibility, and Congress should take a leading role in helping us understand what we can do to protect our most vulnerable populations,” said Rep. Mullin. “The Driver Technology and Pedestrian Safety Act would help us understand how technology in vehicles, such as touch-screen displays, may be distracting drivers and contributing to America’s increasing rates of pedestrian deaths and injuries.”
The bill would direct the Department of Transportation (DOT) and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a study on the effects of driver technology, including touch screen-based systems and user interface design, as they relate to pedestrian collisions. It would also evaluate the impact of time of day and changes in traffic, weather and the volume of commercial or “hired” vehicles on the road whose drivers rely heavily on screens. It would also require the DOT to provide recommendations on actions Congress or agencies can take, such as updating standards, to address the study’s findings.
The bill is endorsed by AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety, and Truck Safety Coalition.
“The increase in pedestrian fatalities in the United States during the past decade is a disturbing trend that’s been well-documented by national statistics. The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety believes Rep. Kevin Mullin’s legislation to examine the correlation between driver interactions with vehicle technology and pedestrian safety can help to update design recommendations to better protect vulnerable road users,” said Dr. David Yang, President and Executive Director of the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.
Watch a video of a press conference Rep. Mullin hosted with San Mateo Police Chief Ed Barberini to discuss the bill and provide safety tips. Learn more about the Driver Technology and Pedestrian Safety Act.
Source: United States House of Representatives – Congresswoman Cori Bush (MO-01)
October 21, 2024
Members asking Biden Administration to take immediate action to advocate for unrestricted, unimpeded media access
Washington, D.C. (October 21, 2024) — Congresswoman Bush joins Ranking Member of the House Rules Committee, Rep. James P. McGovern (MA-02), and 62 members of Congress in a letter to President Joseph Biden and Secretary of State Antony Blinken calling for the United States to push for Israel to allow unimpeded access for U.S. and international journalists. The constantly shifting dynamics on the ground inside Gaza make unimpeded press access more urgent than ever.
“The restrictions on media reporting have created significant challenges in obtaining accurate, verifiable information from Gaza, leading to increased skepticism about the limited reports that do emerge. At a time when reliable information is more critical than ever, the restrictions on foreign reporting undermine the very foundation of press freedom and democratic accountability,” wrote the members.
In July, over 70 media and civil society organizations signed an open letter calling on Israel to grant journalists access to Gaza. Yet foreign media remains largely prohibited from entering the region, except for a few controlled trips arranged by the Israeli military. This effective ban on foreign reporting has placed an overwhelming burden on local journalists who are documenting the war they are living through. Tragically, at least 130 journalists have lost their lives since the start of the war, and those who remain face conditions of extreme hardship and danger.
The International Federation of Journalists has reported that the mortality rate for media workers in Gaza is over 10%. Seventy-five percent of all reporters killed worldwide in 2023 lost their lives between October 7 and the end of the year.4 In December 2023, just two months into the conflict, the Committee to Protect Journalists declared Gaza the “most dangerous ever” war zone for reporters. These staggering statistics underscore the critical importance of allowing independent journalists to document and report from the ground.
“We urge the administration to take immediate action to advocate for unrestricted, independent media access to Gaza. A free press is essential to ensuring that the world can bear witness to the realities on the ground and hold all parties accountable,” conclude the members.
A full copy of the letter can be found here.
In addition to Representatives Bush (MO-01) and McGovern (MA-02), the letter was signed by Representatives Lloyd Doggett (TX-35), André Carson (IN-07), Nydia M. Velázquez (NY-07), Raúl M. Grijalva (AZ-03), Betty McCollum (MN-04), Barbara Lee (CA-12), Delia C. Ramirez (IL-03), Eleanor Holmes Norton (DC-00), Mark Pocan (WI-02), Maxine Waters (CA-43), Rashida Tlaib (MI-12), Bonnie Watson Coleman (NJ-12), Stephen F. Lynch (MA-08), Ilhan Omar (MN-05), Seth Magaziner (RI-02), Jamaal Bowman, Ed.D. (NY-16), Alma S. Adams, Ph.D. (NC-12), Greg Casar (TX-35), John Garamendi (CA-08), Gerald E. Connolly (VA-11), J. Luis Correa (CA-46), Pramila Jayapal (WA-07), Veronica Escobar (TX-16), Sean Casten (IL-06), Chellie Pingree (ME-01), Jesús G. “Chuy” García (IL-04), Jamie Raskin (MD-08), Linda T. Sánchez (CA-38), Jan Schakowsky (IL-09), Emanuel Cleaver, II (MO-05), Daniel T. Kildee (MI-08), Mark DeSaulnier (CA-10), Danny K. Davis (IL-07), Jonathan L. Jackson (IL-01), Donald S. Beyer Jr. (VA-08), Maxwell Alejandro Frost (FL-10), Rosa L. DeLauro (CT-03), Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (NY-14), Seth Moulton (MA-06), Paul D. Tonko (NY-20), Jared Huffman (CA-02), Ayanna Pressley (MA-07), Al Green (TX-09), Summer L. Lee (PA-12), Jill Tokuda (HI-02), Becca Balint (VT-AL), Steve Cohen (TN-09), Lori Trahan (MA-03), Eric Swalwell (CA-15), Melanie Stansbury (NM-01), Andy Kim (NJ-03), Val Hoyle (OR-04), Zoe Lofgren (CA-18), Mark Takano (CA-39), Jason Crow (CO-06), Madeleine Dean (PA-04), Lauren Underwood (IL-14), Julia Brownley (CA-26), Gabe Amo (RI-01), John B. Larson (CT-01), Sylvia R. Garcia (TX-29), Nikema Williams (GA-05), and Dwight Evans (PA-03).
Serious injury outcome indicators: 2000–2023 – 17 December 2024 – Serious injury outcome indicators present the annual number and rate of serious injury outcomes in New Zealand, through a set of indicators for fatal and non-fatal injuries.
Note: We are now publishing the Work-related injury targets at a glance: 2008–2023 Excel file on this page to present the three indicators used for monitoring the Government’s targets to reduce work-related injuries together.
GDP decreases 1.0 percent in the September 2024 quarter – 19 December 2024 – New Zealand’s gross domestic product (GDP) fell 1.0 percent in the September 2024 quarter, following a revised 1.1 percent decrease in the June 2024 quarter, according to figures released by Stats NZ today.
The update to the June 2024 quarter growth rate reflects the incorporation of annual data, a process completed by Stats NZ each October. In this instance, while the June quarter growth rate has been revised downward, the overall level of economic activity has been revised upward over a longer period.
“The structure of the New Zealand economy can change quickly, which is why we update with new data each year,” macroeconomic growth spokesperson Jason Attewell said.
“The data incorporated this year shows stronger growth over the last year, followed by two significant falls in the latest quarters.
“We balance the use of timely data for quarterly GDP estimates with more detailed information to annually update the relevant importance of industries. This approach is in line with international best practice.”
Exports hit USD 778.21 billion in 2023-24, marking a 67% increase since 2013-14
Introduction
India’s exports have seen a historic rise, reaching USD 778.21 billion in 2023-24. This marks a 67% increase from USD 466.22 billion in 2013-14. The growth reflects India’s expanding role in global trade, driven by strong performances in both merchandise and services exports.
In 2023-24, merchandise exports stood at USD 437.10 billion, while services exports contributed USD 341.11 billion, demonstrating a well-balanced expansion. Key sectors like electronics, pharmaceuticals, engineering goods, iron ore, and textiles played a vital role in this surge. Strengthened by strategic policy measures, enhanced competitiveness, and broader market access, India’s export ecosystem is now more resilient and deeply integrated into the global economy.
The momentum has continued into FY 2024-25, with cumulative exports during April-December 2024 estimated at USD 602.64 billion, a 6.03% increase from USD 568.36 billion in the same period of 2023. Strengthened by strategic policy measures, enhanced competitiveness, and broader market access, India’s export ecosystem is now more resilient and deeply integrated into the global economy.
Export Classification and Growth Trends
Merchandise exports have grown from USD 314 billion in 2013-14 to USD 437.10 billion in 2023-24, driven by a stronger manufacturing base and increased global demand.
Service exports have expanded from USD 152 billion in 2013-14 to USD 341.11 billion in 2023-24, fueled by the rise of IT, financial, and business services.
Leading Export Regions Over the Years
In 2004-05, India’s exports were predominantly directed to regions like North America, the European Union, North-East Asia, West Asia-Gulf Cooperation Council, and ASEAN. By 2013-14, there was a marked increase in export values across these regions, with North America, the EU, and West Asia seeing notable growth. Fast forward to 2023-24, and the export landscape shows continued expansion, with North America leading as the largest destination. The EU, West Asia, and ASEAN also experienced robust growth, illustrating India’s diversified and strengthened global trade relationships over the years.
Key Export Destinations in 2023-24
In 2023-24, the top merchandise export destinations for India included the USA (17.90%), UAE (8.23%), Netherlands (5.16%), China (3.85%), Singapore (3.33%), UK (3.00%), Saudi Arabia (2.67%), Bangladesh (2.55%), Germany (2.27%), and Italy (2.02%).
Together, these 10 countries made up 51% of India’s total merchandise export value in 2023-24.
Sectoral Growth in India’s Exports
Mobile Phone Exports Growth:Mobile phone exports reachedUS$ 15.6 billion in 2023-24 from USD 0.2 billion in 2014-15.Domestic production of mobile phones grew from 5.8 crore units in 2014-15 to 33 crore units in 2023-24, with imports dropping significantly.
Pharmaceutical Exports Surge:India, ranked third globally in drug and pharmaceutical production by volume, saw its pharmaceutical exports rise from USD 15.07 billion in 2013-14 to USD 27.85 billion in FY 2023-24.
Engineering Goods Exports:Engineering goods exports grew to USD 109.32 billion in FY 2023-24, up from USD 62.26 billion in FY 2013-14.
Agricultural Exports Growth: Agricultural exports from India increased from USD 22.70 billion in 2013-14 to USD 48.15 billion in 2023-24.
Key Government Initiatives to Strengthen India’s Export Landscape
Foreign Trade & Export Promotion
New Foreign Trade Policy (FTP) 2023: Focuses on export incentives, ease of doing business, and emerging sectors like e-commerce and high-tech products. Introduced a one-time Amnesty Scheme to help exporters clear pending authorizations.
Interest Equalisation Scheme (IES): It was extended until August 31, 2024, with a ₹12,788 crore allocation to provide concessional interest rates on export credit.
RoDTEP & RoSCTL Schemes: Provide tax and duty reimbursements to exporters, benefiting sectors like pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and steel.
Districts as Export Hubs: Identifies high-potential products in each district and provides infrastructure and market linkages.
Trade Infrastructure for Export Scheme (TIES) & Market Access Initiative (MAI): Support infrastructure development and marketing efforts for export growth.
Infrastructure & Logistics
National Logistics Policy (NLP) & PM GatiShakti: Aim to reduce logistics costs and enhance multimodal connectivity through GIS-based planning.
Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Schemes: With an outlay of ₹1.97 lakh crore, these schemes promote large-scale manufacturing in 14 key sectors to enhance exports.Over Rs. 1.47 lakh crore of investment has been reported till October 2024, which has led to production/sales of Rs. 13 lakh crore and employment generation (direct & indirect) of around 10 lakh. Exports have been boosted by Rs. 4.5 lakh crore.
Bharat Mart in Dubai: Provides MSMEs with affordable access to GCC, African, and CIS markets.
Ease of Doing Business & Digital Initiatives
Compliance & Decriminalization Reforms: Over 42,000 compliances reduced and 3,800 provisions decriminalized to simplify business processes.
National Single Window System (NSWS): Streamlines approvals, allowing businesses to apply for 277 Central approvals.
Trade Connect e-Platform: Links over 6 lakh IEC holders with Indian missions and export councils for seamless trade facilitation.
Enhanced Insurance Cover for MSME Exporters: Provides ₹20,000 crore in low-cost credit to 10,000 MSME exporters.
E-Commerce & Digital Trade
E-Commerce Export Hub (ECEH):Aims to boost e-commerce exports to $100 billion by 2030, connecting SMEs and artisans to global markets.
ICEGATE Digital Platform:Modernizes customs processes with e-filing, real-time tracking, and seamless documentation.
Agriculture & Organic Exports
National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP):Expected to benefit 20 lakh farmers, with organic exports targeted to exceed $1 billion by 2025-26.
Conclusion
India’s export sector has experienced extraordinary growth, driven by a combination of strategic policy measures, robust infrastructure development, and a strengthened manufacturing base. With exports touching new heights across both merchandise and services, the country has firmly established itself as a key player in global trade. The expansion of high-value sectors like electronics, pharmaceuticals, engineering goods, and agriculture, coupled with innovations in e-commerce and digital trade, showcases India’s growing global influence. Supported by initiatives such as the National Logistics Policy, Production-Linked Incentive schemes, and enhanced market access, India is well on its way to further diversifying its export landscape. As the country continues to focus on improving business ease, fostering competitiveness, and tapping into emerging markets, it is poised to not only sustain but also accelerate its export momentum in the years to come.
Average household living cost inflation has continued a downward trend, showing the steps the Government has taken are having an impact, Finance Minister Nicola Willis says.
Datareleased by Stats NZtoday shows the yearly household living costs increased by 3 per cent in the year to December 2024, after increasing 3.8 per cent in the year to September 2024 and 7.4 per cent in the year to September 2023.
“Today’s statistics release shows Kiwis are still battling with the cost of living, but the pressure is starting to ease,” Nicola Willis says.
“The Government said it would address the cost of living. We are making progress.
“We worked fast to refocus the Reserve Bank solely on tackling inflation, and we made its job easier by reining in wasteful public spending and respecting taxpayers’ dollars.
“Drops in the Official Cash Rate have flowed through to average interest rates, easing pressure on household budgets.
“We also delivered New Zealanders their first tax relief package in 14 years, and we’re helping low and middle-income families through FamilyBoost.
“There is still more work to do.
“That’s why we’re focused on economic growth to deliver a stronger economy for New Zealanders. Economic growth will lift New Zealanders’ incomes, improve their living standards and support future investment in health, education and other vital public services.”
Source: People’s Republic of China – State Council News
Foreign tourists taste Chinese New Year flavor
Updated: February 3, 2025 08:15Xinhua
Tourists from Belarus and Russia pose for photos at the Yuyuan Garden area in east China’s Shanghai, Feb. 1, 2025. As the Chinese people are celebrating the Spring Festival, or the Chinese New Year, they have been joined this year by an increased number of foreign tourists, who have come to experience Chinese culture following the implementation of a new visa-free transit policy. China continued easing its visa policies in 2024 to boost openness and people-to-people exchange, allowing more foreign travelers and businesspeople to visit the country visa-free. Its latest move was an extension of its visa-free transit policy, which has permitted eligible foreign travelers to stay in the country for 240 hours without a visa. Statistics released by Chinese online travel service giant Trip.com Group show that the volume of travel bookings from foreign tourists to China during the Chinese Lunar New Year holiday grew by 203 percent compared to the same period last year. According to Tujia, a Chinese homestay booking platform, Shanghai’s Spring Festival homestay reservations made by foreign tourists more than tripled from last year, and the number of homestays available for foreign guests was up by 30 percent, with many providing English services. Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional new year, was added by UNESCO into its list of intangible cultural heritage in December last year. [Photo/Xinhua]Tourists from France and Bulgaria pose for selfies at the Bund area in east China’s Shanghai, Feb. 1, 2025. [Photo/Xinhua]South Korean tourist Taeyeol Kim records vlog at the Yuyuan Garden area in east China’s Shanghai, Feb. 1, 2025. [Photo/Xinhua]Tourists Junghoo Shim (L) and Taeyeol Kim from South Korea pose for photos with a cup of bubble tea at the Yuyuan Garden area in east China’s Shanghai, Feb. 1, 2025. [Photo/Xinhua]French tourists Paul Baisse (L) and Jules Ramos visit Yuyuan Garden area in east China’s Shanghai, Feb. 1, 2025. [Photo/Xinhua]Canadian tourist Johnathan Alexiuk takes photos at the Yuyuan Garden area in east China’s Shanghai, Feb. 1, 2025. [Photo/Xinhua]A French couple Tristan and Anouk Masselin visit Yuyuan Garden area in east China’s Shanghai, Feb. 1, 2025. [Photo/Xinhua]
Household living costs increase 3.0 percent – 3 February 2025 – The cost of living for the average New Zealand household increased 3.0 percent in the 12 months to the December 2024 quarter, according to figures released by Stats NZ today.
The 3.0 percent increase, measured by the household living-costs price indexes (HLPIs), follows a 3.8 percent increase in the 12 months to the September 2024 quarter. The most recent high was 8.2 percent recorded in the 12 months to the December 2022 quarter.
Meanwhile, inflation – as measured by the consumers price index (CPI) – was 2.2 percent in the 12 months to the December 2024 quarter, following a 2.2 percent increase in the 12 months to the September 2024 quarter. The most recent CPI high was 7.3 percent, recorded in the 12 months to the June 2022 quarter. Consumers price index (CPI) has more information.
Household living costs increase 3.0 percent–3 February 2025 –The cost of living for the average New Zealand household increased 3.0 percent in the 12 months to the December 2024 quarter, according to figures released by Stats NZ today.
The 3.0 percent increase, measured by the household living-costs price indexes (HLPIs), follows a 3.8 percent increase in the 12 months to the September 2024 quarter. The most recent high was 8.2 percent recorded in the 12 months to the December 2022 quarter.
Meanwhile, inflation – as measured by the consumers price index (CPI) – was 2.2 percent in the 12 months to the December 2024 quarter, following a 2.2 percent increase in the 12 months to the September 2024 quarter. The most recent CPI high was 7.3 percent, recorded in the 12 months to the June 2022 quarter.Consumers price index (CPI) has more information.
It’s a little pill with big responsibilities. But despite its primary role to prevent pregnancy, the contraceptive pill (or ‘the Pill’) could also help reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, according to new research from the University of South Australia.
Screening for risk factors of ovarian cancer using artificial intelligence, UniSA researchers found that the oral contraceptive pill reduced the risk of ovarian cancer by 26% among women who had ever used the Pill, and by 43% for women who had used the Pill after the age of 45.
The study also identified some biomarkers associated with ovarian cancer risk, including several characteristics of red blood cells and certain liver enzymes in the blood, with lower body weight and shorter stature associating with a lower risk of ovarian cancer.
Researchers also found that women who had given birth to two or more children had a 39% reduced risk of developing ovarian cancer compared to those who had not had children.
Ahead of World Cancer Day on 4 February, the findings have potential to support early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
“In this research, we found that women who had used the oral contraceptive pill had a lower risk of ovarian cancer. And those who had last used the Pill in their mid-40s, had an even lower level of risk.
“This poses the question as to whether interventions that reduce the number of ovulations could be used as a potential target for prevention strategies for ovarian cancer.”
Supported by the MRFF, the study used artificial intelligence to assess the data of 221,732 females (aged 37-73 at baseline) in the UK Biobank.
Machine learning specialist, UniSA’s Dr Iqbal Madakkatel, says the study shows how artificial intelligence can help to identify risk factors that may otherwise have gone undetected.
“We included information from almost 3000 diverse characteristics related to health, medication use, diet and lifestyle, physical measures, metabolic, and hormonal factors, each measured at the start of the study,” Dr Madakkatel says.
“It was particularly interesting that some blood measures – which were measured on average 12.6 years before diagnoses – were predictive of ovarian cancer risk, because it suggests we may be able to develop tests to identify women at risk at a very early stage.”
Project Lead, Professor Elina Hyppönen, says that identifying risk factors for ovarian cancer could help to improve survival rates through prevention and earlier detection.
“It is exciting that our data-driven analyses have uncovered key risk factors for ovarian cancer that can be acted upon,” Prof Hyppönen says.
“It is possible that by using the contraceptive pill to reduce ovulations or by reducing harmful adiposity, we may be able to lower to risk of ovarian cancer. But more research is needed to establish the best approaches to prevention, as well as the ways in which we can identify women most at risk.”
The 2024 US presidential election saw a historic shift to the right, driven by the largest swing of young male voters in two decades. Analysts attribute this partly to podcasters like Joe Rogan, whose unfiltered, conversational content bypassed traditional media to mobilise this demographic.
Our own research shows that Donald Trump’s podcast strategy during the election campaign boosted his support by 1% to 2.6%, with more than half of this linked to Rogan’s platform. In contrast, Kamala Harris’s reliance on traditional, curated media lacked the authenticity that resonated with Trump’s base.
This trend has clear parallels in Australia, where media strategy has long mirrored the US. In 1949, Robert Menzies used radio to reassure the public, much like Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “fireside chats”. In the 1980s, television brought Bob Hawke into voters’ homes, showcasing charisma akin that of John F. Kennedy in his earlier televised debates. Kevin Rudd’s 2007 “Kevin 07” campaign effectively mirrored Barack Obama’s use of social media to engage younger voters. Similarly, Scott Morrison’s 2019 campaign emulated Trump-style microtargeting on Facebook to connect with specific demographics.
Today, podcasts have become the latest battleground for political influence. Their conversational, long-form format enables politicians to address complex issues in a direct, personal manner. This medium resonates particularly with younger voters, who are increasingly turning away from traditional media.
The 2025 federal election will likely see a turning point in the influence of podcasts on election campaigns, and even the outcome.
The Australian podcasting landscape
Podcast consumption in Australia continues to rise, with listenership increasing by 8.7% in early 2024. This comes after reaching a record 43% in 2023, up from 17% in 2017.
Dubbed “the world’s most avid podcast listeners”, Australian men aged 18–34 dominate the audience, drawn to popular news and politics podcasts such as ABC News Top Stories and The Party Room, as well as global hits like The Joe Rogan Experience.
Podcasts appeal through their intimacy and authenticity, fostering a “close-knit friend group” atmosphere. Younger voters increasingly use podcasts to explore issues such as housing affordability and climate change.
Rogan’s podcast exemplifies this appeal, particularly among young Australian men. With 80% of his audience male, and half aged 18–34, Rogan’s unapologetic masculinity and focus on topics such as combat sports, hunting and societal controversies position him as a counterbalance to identity politics. His “living room” style, seen during Trump’s three-hour appearance, makes polarising or extremist ideas more palatable. This reflects a broader cultural shift among young men toward what they see as “traditional values”.
While podcasts often feature diverse viewpoints, their unregulated nature can expose listeners to harmful ideologies, fostering echo chambers or radicalisation. Misinformation spreads more easily in these spaces, as evidenced by the US, where fragmented media contributed to the rise of Trumpism. Although Australia’s stricter campaign finance laws and media regulations reduce such risks, they cannot eliminate them entirely.
As the 2025 election nears, understanding how podcasts shape voter behaviour is critical for balanced political discourse and social cohesion.
Australia’s political landscape
Recent polls show the Liberal-National Coalition leading Labor 53.1% to 46.9% in two-party preferred voting, with 39% of voters preferring Peter Dutton as prime minister compared with Anthony Albanese’s 34%. While the Coalition uses Trump-style strategies, Albanese appears to have a problem with male voters.
Dutton emulates Trump in using podcasts to connect directly with young male voters and amplify culture war themes, anti-woke sentiment, and populist rhetoric.
His Elon Musk-inspired push for a “government efficiency” department mirrors Trump’s populist promises of cutting “wasteful spending”.
The Coalition has tapped into a broader cultural shift among young men. Many of these men have gravitated toward influencers like Andrew Tate – alleged rapist and human trafficker with ambitions to become UK prime minister – whose divisive rhetoric reinforces regressive ideals.
Surveys reveal 28% of Australian teenage boys admire Tate, while 36% find him relatable. Moreover, half of surveyed schools link his influence to negative behavioural changes.
These strategies seem to work, with polls showing increased male voter support for the Coalition (52.7% to Labor’s 47.3%).
Australia’s compulsory voting and multi-party preferential system encourage broad-based appeals. But they also risk amplifying polarisation.
Australia’s concentrated media ownership, dominated by Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp, further shapes public discourse by amplifying conservative perspectives.
Although younger Australians – especially women – remain a strong progressive base for Labor, the rise of right-wing podcasts and their impact on young male voters poses a significant challenge. The Coalition’s ability to connect with this demographic via podcasts, leveraging dissatisfaction and cultural shifts, could shape the election’s outcome.
Opportunity and risk
Podcasts present both opportunities and risks for Australian politics. They offer a powerful platform for politicians to engage younger voters on crucial issues, fostering deeper connections. However, their unregulated nature enables the spread of misinformation and the normalisation of polarising ideas.
To address this, voters should critically evaluate podcast content, fact-check claims using resources such as RMIT ABC Fact Check and AAP FactCheck, and seek diverse perspectives. Politicians, meanwhile, must use podcasts strategically, balancing authenticity with accountability.
Progressive ideas could better resonate with young male audiences by reframing topics such as climate action, housing affordability and workplace equity as opportunities for leadership, empowerment and responsibility. Partnering with relatable influencers and using accessible, conversational podcast formats can help progressives connect with this demographic.
The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
Source: The Conversation – Africa – By Kristina Pikovskaia, Leverhulme Early Career Research Fellow, University of Edinburgh
Education, especially higher education, is a step towards adulthood and a foundation for the future.
But what happens when education loses its value as a way to climb the social ladder? What if a degree is no guarantee of getting stable work, being able to provide for one’s family, or owning a house or car?
This devaluing of higher education as a path to social mobility is a grim reality for young Zimbabweans. Over the past two decades the southern African country has been beset by economic, financial, political and social challenges.
These crises have severely undermined the premises and promises of education, especially at a tertiary level. A recent survey by independent research organisation Afrobarometer found that 90% of young Zimbabweans had secondary and post-secondary education compared to 83% of those aged between 36 and 55. But 41% of the youth were unemployed and looking for a job as opposed to 26% of the older generation.
The situation is so dire that it’s become a recurring theme in Zimdancehall, a popular music genre produced and consumed by young Zimbabweans. “Hustling” (attempts to create income-generating opportunities), informal livelihoods and young people’s collapsed dreams are recurrent topics in songs like Winky D’s Twenty Five, Junior Tatenda’s Kusvikira Rinhi and She Calaz’s Kurarama.
I study the way people experience the informal economy in Zimbabwe and Zambia. In a recent study I explored the loss of education’s value as a social mobility tool in the Zimbabwean context.
My research revealed how recent school and university graduates think about the role of education in their lives. My respondents felt let down by the fact that education no longer provided social mobility. They were disappointed that there was no longer a direct association between education and employment.
However, the graduates I interviewed were not giving up. Some were working towards new qualifications, hoping and preparing for economic improvements. They also thought deeply about how the educational system could be improved. Many young people got involved in protests. These included actions by the Coalition of Unemployed Graduates and the #ThisGown protests, which addressed graduate unemployment issues. Some also took part in #ThisFlag and #Tajamuka protests, which had wider socio-economic and political agendas.
Understanding history
To understand the current status and state of education in Zimbabwe it’s important to look to the country’s history.
Zimbabwe was colonised by the British from the late 19th century. The colonial education system was racialised. Education for white students was academic. For Black students, it was mostly practice-oriented, to create a pool of semi-skilled workers.
In the 1930s education was instrumental in the formation of Zimbabwe’s Black middle class. A small number of Black graduates entered white collar jobs, using education as a social mobility tool. The educational system also opened up somewhat for women.
However, worsening economic conditions throughout the 1990s put pressure on the system. A presidential commission in 1999 noted that secondary schools were producing graduates with non-marketable skills – they were too academic and focused on examinations. Students’ experiences, including at the university level, have worsened since then.
The decline has been driven by systemic and institutional problems in primary and secondary education, like reduced government spending, teachers’ poor working conditions, political interference and brain drain. This, coupled with the collapse of the formal economic sector and a sharp drop in formal employment opportunities, severely undermined education’s social mobility function.
‘A key, but no door to open’
My recent article was based on my wider doctoral research. For this, I studied economic informalisation in Zimbabwe’s capital city, Harare. It involved more than 120 interviews during eight months of in-country research.
This particular paper builds on seven core interviews with recent school and university graduates in the informal sector, as well as former student leaders.
Winky D’s “Twenty Five” is about young Zimbabweans’ grievances.
Some noted that education had lost part of its value as it related to one’s progression in society. As one of my respondents, Ashlegh Pfunye (former secretary-general of the Zimbabwe National Students Union), described it, young people were told that education was a key to success – but there was no door to open.
Some of my respondents were working in the informal sector, as vendors and small-scale producers. Some could not use their degrees to secure jobs, while others gave up their dreams of obtaining a university degree. Lisa, for example, was very upset about giving up on her dream to pursue post-secondary education and tried to re-adjust to her current circumstances:
I used to dream that I will have my own office, now I dream that one day I’ll have my own shop.
Those who had university qualifications stressed that, despite being unable to apply their degrees in the current circumstances, they kept going to school and getting more certification. This prepared them for future opportunities in the event of what everyone hoped for: economic improvement.
Historical tensions
Some of my interviewees, especially recent university graduates and activists, were looking for possible solutions – like changing the curriculum and approach to education that trains workers rather than producers and entrepreneurs. As Makomborero Haruzivishe, former secretary-general of the Zimbabwe National Students’ Union, said: “Our educational system was created to train human robots who would follow the instructions.”
Entrepreneurship education is a popular approach in many countries to changing the structure of classic education. In the absence of employment opportunities for skilled graduates, it is supposed to provide them with the tools to create such opportunities for themselves and others.
In 2018, the government introduced what it calls the education 5.0 framework. It has a strong entrepreneurship component. It’s too soon to say whether it will bear fruit. And it may be held back by history.
For example, the introduction of the Education-with-Production model in the 1980s, which included practical subjects and vocational training, was met with resistance because it was seen as a return to the dual system.
Because of Zimbabwe’s historically racialised education system, many students and parents favour the UK-designed Cambridge curriculum and traditional academic educational programmes. Zimbabwe has the highest number of entrants into the Cambridge International exam in Africa.
Feeling let down
The link between education and employment in Zimbabwe has many tensions: modernity and survival, academic pursuits and practicality, promises and reality. It’s clear from my study that graduates feel let down because the modernist promises of education have failed them.
– Education in Zimbabwe has lost its value: study asks young people how they feel about that – https://theconversation.com/education-in-zimbabwe-has-lost-its-value-study-asks-young-people-how-they-feel-about-that-244661
Zimbabwean students and graduates are actively seeking change to the education system.AFP via Getty Images
Education, especially higher education, is a step towards adulthood and a foundation for the future.
But what happens when education loses its value as a way to climb the social ladder? What if a degree is no guarantee of getting stable work, being able to provide for one’s family, or owning a house or car?
This devaluing of higher education as a path to social mobility is a grim reality for young Zimbabweans. Over the past two decades the southern African country has been beset by economic, financial, political and social challenges.
These crises have severely undermined the premises and promises of education, especially at a tertiary level. A recent survey by independent research organisation Afrobarometer found that 90% of young Zimbabweans had secondary and post-secondary education compared to 83% of those aged between 36 and 55. But 41% of the youth were unemployed and looking for a job as opposed to 26% of the older generation.
The situation is so dire that it’s become a recurring theme in Zimdancehall, a popular music genre produced and consumed by young Zimbabweans. “Hustling” (attempts to create income-generating opportunities), informal livelihoods and young people’s collapsed dreams are recurrent topics in songs like Winky D’s Twenty Five, Junior Tatenda’s Kusvikira Rinhi and She Calaz’s Kurarama.
I study the way people experience the informal economy in Zimbabwe and Zambia. In a recent study I explored the loss of education’s value as a social mobility tool in the Zimbabwean context.
My research revealed how recent school and university graduates think about the role of education in their lives. My respondents felt let down by the fact that education no longer provided social mobility. They were disappointed that there was no longer a direct association between education and employment.
However, the graduates I interviewed were not giving up. Some were working towards new qualifications, hoping and preparing for economic improvements. They also thought deeply about how the educational system could be improved. Many young people got involved in protests. These included actions by the Coalition of Unemployed Graduates and the #ThisGown protests, which addressed graduate unemployment issues. Some also took part in #ThisFlag and #Tajamuka protests, which had wider socio-economic and political agendas.
Understanding history
To understand the current status and state of education in Zimbabwe it’s important to look to the country’s history.
Zimbabwe was colonised by the British from the late 19th century. The colonial education system was racialised. Education for white students was academic. For Black students, it was mostly practice-oriented, to create a pool of semi-skilled workers.
In the 1930s education was instrumental in the formation of Zimbabwe’s Black middle class. A small number of Black graduates entered white collar jobs, using education as a social mobility tool. The educational system also opened up somewhat for women.
However, worsening economic conditions throughout the 1990s put pressure on the system. A presidential commission in 1999 noted that secondary schools were producing graduates with non-marketable skills – they were too academic and focused on examinations. Students’ experiences, including at the university level, have worsened since then.
The decline has been driven by systemic and institutional problems in primary and secondary education, like reduced government spending, teachers’ poor working conditions, political interference and brain drain. This, coupled with the collapse of the formal economic sector and a sharp drop in formal employment opportunities, severely undermined education’s social mobility function.
‘A key, but no door to open’
My recent article was based on my wider doctoral research. For this, I studied economic informalisation in Zimbabwe’s capital city, Harare. It involved more than 120 interviews during eight months of in-country research.
This particular paper builds on seven core interviews with recent school and university graduates in the informal sector, as well as former student leaders.
Winky D’s “Twenty Five” is about young Zimbabweans’ grievances.
Some noted that education had lost part of its value as it related to one’s progression in society. As one of my respondents, Ashlegh Pfunye (former secretary-general of the Zimbabwe National Students Union), described it, young people were told that education was a key to success – but there was no door to open.
Some of my respondents were working in the informal sector, as vendors and small-scale producers. Some could not use their degrees to secure jobs, while others gave up their dreams of obtaining a university degree. Lisa, for example, was very upset about giving up on her dream to pursue post-secondary education and tried to re-adjust to her current circumstances:
I used to dream that I will have my own office, now I dream that one day I’ll have my own shop.
Those who had university qualifications stressed that, despite being unable to apply their degrees in the current circumstances, they kept going to school and getting more certification. This prepared them for future opportunities in the event of what everyone hoped for: economic improvement.
Historical tensions
Some of my interviewees, especially recent university graduates and activists, were looking for possible solutions – like changing the curriculum and approach to education that trains workers rather than producers and entrepreneurs. As Makomborero Haruzivishe, former secretary-general of the Zimbabwe National Students’ Union, said: “Our educational system was created to train human robots who would follow the instructions.”
Entrepreneurship education is a popular approach in many countries to changing the structure of classic education. In the absence of employment opportunities for skilled graduates, it is supposed to provide them with the tools to create such opportunities for themselves and others.
In 2018, the government introduced what it calls the education 5.0 framework. It has a strong entrepreneurship component. It’s too soon to say whether it will bear fruit. And it may be held back by history.
For example, the introduction of the Education-with-Production model in the 1980s, which included practical subjects and vocational training, was met with resistance because it was seen as a return to the dual system.
Because of Zimbabwe’s historically racialised education system, many students and parents favour the UK-designed Cambridge curriculum and traditional academic educational programmes. Zimbabwe has the highest number of entrants into the Cambridge International exam in Africa.
Feeling let down
The link between education and employment in Zimbabwe has many tensions: modernity and survival, academic pursuits and practicality, promises and reality. It’s clear from my study that graduates feel let down because the modernist promises of education have failed them.
Parts of this research have been funded by the University of Oxford and the Leverhulme Trust (ECF-2022-055).
Source: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
The workshop will provide a platform for sharing experience in modernizing legal and institutional frameworks of official statistics and discussing emerging issues posing legal challenges to national statistical systems. The target audience for the meeting will be experts from national statistical offices and international organizations interested in strengthening the legal framework of official statistics and legal aspects of data access, governance, and stewardship.
The workshop will be organized by the Steering Group on Statistical Legislation, including Albania, Armenia, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Spain, the United Kingdom, EFTA, Eurostat, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) and UNECE, with support of EFTA and hosted by the Institute of Statistics of Albania (INSTAT).
Papers and presentations are available under each session heading below.
Source: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
The 72nd plenary session of the Conference of European Statisticians (CES) will take place on 20-21 June 2024 in Palais des Nations, Geneva. Simultaneous interpretation in English, French and Russian will be provided.
The Conference provides a platform for addressing emerging issues and developing guidelines and recommendations to improve national statistics and their international comparability. It is one of the oldest statistical bodies globally, with its roots in the League of Nations and the first Conference on Statistics in 1928. Over the years, the Conference has played a significant role in promoting statistical development in its member countries.
Source: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
The global effort to achieve the 2030 Agenda is in constant need of better data and statistics. The 2030 Agenda encourages complementing the global indicator framework with additional indicators that are particularly relevant in the regional or national context. There are multiple ways of measuring progress towards SDGs, but which indicators to choose and how to measure might prove challenging.
KS – the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities initiated the project “A taxonomy for indicators related to the Sustainable Development Goals”. The taxonomy is all about helping users including policymakers, local and national administrations in choosing indicators that could support them in measuring progress towards the SDGs depending on their own context and priorities. The taxonomy was developed in 2021 by Statistics Norway, in a research and development project funded by KS.
A taxonomy is a system for classification, a set of rules for arranging and creating order, but not just for the sake of sorting. A taxonomy should also provide a context and a purpose for arranging something. As such, the first purpose of this taxonomy is to sort, evaluate and compare different SDG indicators and indicator sets, but more importantly to identify their central properties and characteristics necessary for a user to assess if the indicators are useful in the user’s context. In the taxonomy these central characteristics are organized under three dimensions:
Goal; which tells us what an indicator is about, i.e., which SDG goals and targets, and which TBL (Triple Bottom Line) it may be related to.
Perspective; which clarifies why or in which context the indicator is used (the user’s perspective).
Quality; which measures how useful the indicator is, in other words, if it is fit-for-purpose.
The UNECE Statistical Division and Statistics Norway, in partnership with the CES Steering Group on Statistics for SDGs, are organizing this virtual side-event to the 55th UN Statistical Commission on 6 February where the taxonomy is presented alongside examples of use at the sub-regional level in Norway presented by KS.
The event gave an overview of the taxonomy and its key features. Examples of how different indicators sets have been classified using the taxonomy will be shown and there will be opportunities for the participants to ask questions and discuss technical and conceptual questions about the taxonomy and its use.
The event had 100 virtual participants.
Moderator:
Jonathan Gessendorfer – Associate Statistician, UNECE Statistical Division
Speakers:
Anne Romsaas – Chief SDG Adviser, The Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities (KS)
Li Chun Zhang – Senior Researcher, Statistics Norway and Professor of Social Statistics at University of Southampton
Luis González Morales – Chief, Data Innovation Section, UNSD
Geir Graff – Innovation adviser, Asker Municipality, Norway
Jørn Kristian Undelstvedt – Special adviser, Statistics Norway
Cara Williams – Assistant director, Statistics Canada and co-chair of the IAEG-SDGs.
North China’s coal-rich Shanxi Province achieved a record coal-bed methane (CBM) output of 13.4 billion cubic meters in 2024, up 18.9 percent year on year, according to the provincial statistics bureau.
CBM is a byproduct of coal production and considered a major cause of fatalities in coal mine accidents. This unconventional natural gas is primarily composed of methane and produced from coal seams.
With modern technology, CBM can be stably extracted and used as a clean energy source. Currently, CBM is being explored and utilized in large scale in Shanxi — rather than being discharged to pollute the environment. Through this process, coal mines have also managed to effectively reduce gas explosion accidents.
“In the next stage, Shanxi will take multiple measures to boost CBM storage and production, and vigorously promote CBM development,” said Mao Xiaowen, deputy director of the Shanxi energy bureau.
Shanxi is rich in CBM resources, with about 8.31 trillion cubic meters of proven CBM reserves underground within a depth of 2,000 meters — which accounts for nearly one-third of the country’s total. Notably, the province’s 2024 CBM output amounted to 80.6 percent of China’s total, the provincial energy bureau revealed.
Last year, Shanxi’s raw coal output reached 1.27 billion tonnes, accounting for around 26.7 percent of the national output, the provincial statistics bureau said.