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Category: Natural Disasters

  • MIL-OSI Australia: Shooting at Burton

    Source: South Australia Police

    Police are investigating after a shooting at Burton this morning.

    About 3.50am on Thursday 26 September, police were called to Bolivar Road after reports a man had been shot.

    The victim, a 34- year-old man from Burton, sustained a wound to his leg and was taken to hospital for treatment. His injuries are not considered life threatening.

    Police searched the area and have not located the suspect.

    Later this morning at 4am police and MFS were called to reports of a vehicle fire on Burton Road, police are investigating if the fire is linked to the earlier shooting.

    The incident is not believed to be random.

    Northern District are investigating the incident and ask anyone with information to contact Crime Stoppers at http://www.crimestopperssa.com.au or on 1800 333 000. You can remain anonymous.

    MIL OSI News –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: Leger Fernández Statement on the Passage of the Continuing Resolution

    Source: United States House of Representatives – Congresswoman Teresa Leger Fernández (D-NM)

    The Legislation Extends the Filing Deadline for Victims of the Hermits Peak/Calf Canyon Fires

    WASHINGTON, D.C. – Congresswoman Leger Fernández released the following statement after voting for H.R. 9747, the Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act of 2025, which passed the House tonight by a widely bipartisan vote of 341-82. 

    “For weeks, extreme Republicans and Trump threatened a government shutdown unless a Continuing Resolution (CR) necessary to keep the government open included a radical Project 2025 proposal that would have made it harder to register and vote,” said Congresswoman Leger Fernández.

    “While this CR is far from perfect, we know that if we fail to act, millions of Americans will suffer the consequences. That is why I voted alongside my Democratic colleagues to put People Over Politics today and pass a clean CR,” she continued.

    “For months, we advocated for this bill to include help for those suffering from the aftermath of the Hermit’s Peak/Calf Canyon Fire. Thanks to our work, this bill extends the filing deadline for a notice of loss until December 20, 2024, for victims of the Hermit’s Peak/Calf Canyon Fire and its cascading events. The CR also extends the deadline by which flood insurance premiums must be paid from May 31, 2024, to December 20, 2024. This will ensure claimants have additional time to purchase flood insurance—a vital protection as cascading events continue to threaten communities in New Mexico,” she continued.

    “While this is a big win, there is still more work to do.  Before this extension expires, we hope to pass the entire Hermit’s Peak Claims Extension Act to extend the deadline for two years, so all potential claimants have time to file,” she continued.

    We will continue fighting for those affected by the fires and all New Mexicans as we negotiate a final funding bill,” she concluded.

    A bill summary can be found here.

    ###

    MIL OSI USA News –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: Four of Rep. Lauren Boebert’s Amendments to the ‘Fix Our Forests Act’ Included in Final House Passage

    Source: United States House of Representatives – Representative Lauren Boebert (Colorado, 3)

    Washington, D.C. — U.S. Congresswoman Lauren Boebert (CO-03) released the following statement after four of her active management amendments passed and were included in H.R. 8790, the “Fix Our Forests Act,” which passed the House of Representatives on a bipartisan vote of 268-151.

    “America needs to do more to actively manage our forests and prevent catastrophic wildfires that are devastating our communities. Federal agencies have to stop spending billions of dollars on the backend putting out fires and shift to a comprehensive, proactive approach. The Fix Our Forests Act and my four amendments do exactly that and are the type of solutions needed in the West and Colorado. I thank House Natural Resources Committee Chairman Bruce Westerman for his support on all four of my amendments, and I urge the Senate to take up his critical legislation,” said Congresswoman Boebert.

    Background, courtesy of the House Natural Resources Committee:

    The Fix Our Forests Act is a historic and comprehensive package that will encourage active forest management and support community resiliency to wildfires by expediting environmental analyses, reducing frivolous lawsuits and increasing the pace and scale of forest restoration projects.

    The bill will:

    • Simplify and expedite environmental reviews for forest management projects
    • Promote federal, state, tribal and local collaboration
    • Deter frivolous litigation that delays essential projects
    • Create a framework for prioritizing treatments in the forests at highest risk of wildfire
    • Encourage adoption of state-of-the-art science and data for federal land managers
    • Encourage active management to improve the safety of powerlines and other infrastructure
    • Strengthen tools like Good Neighbor Authority and Stewardship Contracting

    Information on Rep. Boebert’s included amendments:

    Boebert Amendment #12: Clarifies existing authorities may be utilized to prevent wildfires in Fire Regimes IV and V 

    Amendment 12 makes an important clarification that expands the acres of at-risk forests that would be eligible for streamlined management authorities. Under current law, regimes 4 and 5 are subject to extensive “National Environmental Policy Act” (NEPA) requirements for active management. A fire regime map by county can be found HERE. 

    This amendment is critical to fire mitigation efforts across the states of Colorado, Wyoming, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, Nevada, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, New York, Maine, West Virginia, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Missouri, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Ohio, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Virginia, North Carolina, Iowa, Florida, and Texas

     

    Boebert Amendment #13: Ensures grazing is one of the hazardous fuel reduction activities authorized by the bill

    Fuels treatments are effective, and federal agencies have made clear that “over 90 percent of the fuel treatments are effective in changing fire behavior and/or helping with control of the wildfire.” 

    Grazing animals play an important part in maintaining healthy ecosystems by controlling the ecological balance of vegetative species, reducing fire fuels that result from the accumulation of non-native plant biomass, and improving soil health by trampling plant residue and their own waste into the soil profile. Cattle, sheep, and goats can play a regenerative wildfire mitigation role that also provides for our food and fiber needs.

     

    Boebert Amendment #14: Requires regional foresters to submit a plan through the Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program for the treatment and removal of trees killed by or infested with bark beetles in Western states

    The Bark Beetle epidemic has caused significant damage to roughly 100,000 square miles of forest in the western United States alone. Along the West Coast and through the Rocky Mountains, bark beetles have affected tens of millions of acres of forest. While bark beetles are native to U.S. forests and play important ecological roles, they can cause extensive tree mortality and negative economic and social impacts.

    Spruce beetles have killed millions of trees on more than 1.8 million acres in Colorado since 2000 and provided increased fuels for wildfires. In Colorado, 2021 was one of the worst wildfire seasons our state has ever endured with the three largest fires in state history. Bark beetle epidemics and catastrophic wildfires are a significant threat. This can be minimized by thinning overgrown forests and removing hazardous fuels produced by beetle overpopulation. 

     

    Boebert Amendment #15: Requires regional foresters to submit a plan for the sale of Christmas trees and firewood on federal lands

    Under current law, American families can purchase a permit from the forest service to cut Christmas trees from their favorite national forest as well as harvest any firewood, transplants, post and poles, and other forest products to improve forest health. We have seen successful Christmas tree and firewood harvesting operations in the state of Colorado, and this program has served as a locally based solution to help thin our overgrown forests. 

    According to the Forest Service, “The permit system helps to thin densely populated stands of small-diameter trees. Local forest health experts identify areas that benefit from thinning trees and tend to be the perfect size for Christmas trees. Removing these trees in designated areas helps other trees grow larger and can open areas that provide food for wildlife.”

    For more information on the Fix Our Forests Act, click HERE.

    ###

    For updates, subscribe to Congresswoman Boebert’s newsletter here.

    MIL OSI USA News –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Translation: 25/09/2024 Breslavia Goal number one – to provide aid effectively

    MIL ASI Translation. Region: Polish/Europe –

    Fuente: Gobierno de Polonia en poleco.

    In Wrocław, where the water level dropped below the alarm level for the first time in many days, another meeting of the crisis team with the participation of Prime Minister Donald Tusk was held. The condition of the embankments, which must withstand the pressure of the water, still requires special attention from the services. Clean-up work and preparations for reconstruction are underway in the flooded areas. The government asks local authorities and services to quickly and precisely report their needs. Words of support and appreciation for the military’s actions from foreign partners have also reached Poland. Good news for Wrocław The morning crisis team with the participation of Prime Minister Donald Tusk was held again in Wrocław, where yesterday evening the water level was recorded below the alarm level. “It’s good that we can start the day with this information. I guess we can really say that the flood did not affect Wrocław,” the head of government shared the good news. The Prime Minister noted that this does not mean the end of the services’ efforts. For example, the embankments, which must withstand the pressure of high water levels, still require increased control. The state will not leave anyone without help. Clean-up work is still underway in the flooded areas, including: drying or waste removal. “I want to assure you that this is our number one goal right now, to effectively deliver aid in the coming days, weeks, and if necessary – months. Through people, equipment and money – wherever the flood has taken its toll.” – declared Donald Tusk. It is important that local authorities and services efficiently and precisely report their needs, so that the government can respond quickly. The situation is slowly calming down, but the state authorities remain directly involved in the activities in the areas affected by the flood. “I really want people to see that we are constantly focused and mobilized, that we still remember Głuchołazy, Lądek-Zdrój, Stronie Śląskie…” – emphasized the head of government. The Prime Minister announced that the work of the crisis team will definitely continue. Soldiers remain on site – as part of the military operation Feniks. Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of National Defense Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz declared that the military field hospital in Nysa will also operate as long as needed. The world supports us and notices the heroic fight against the elements. Words of support are still reaching Poland from abroad. “Yesterday late in the evening, the Secretary General of NATO called me and asked me to convey words of solidarity and admiration for the armed forces in Poland,” said Donald Tusk. There are also proposals for joint actions to prepare Europe for similar crises in the future. “The Prime Minister of France also conveyed expressions of solidarity and support to me last night. France would like to present new initiatives together with Poland so that the European Union is better prepared from the organizational and financial side in such situations requiring the protection of civilians,” the Prime Minister conveyed the French position. These are just two of the many examples of international solidarity that we are now feeling in a special way.

    MILES AXIS

    EDITOR’S NOTE: This article is a translation. Apologies should the grammar and/or sentence structure not be perfect.

    MIL Translation OSI

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Translation: 25/09/2024 One of the main tasks of the Polish Army today is the disinfection of schools, kindergartens, and homes

    MIL ASI Translation. Region: Polish/Europe –

    Fuente: Gobierno de Polonia en poleco.

    One of the main tasks of the Polish Army today is the disinfection of schools, kindergartens, homes25.09.2024– The main and large task for today and the coming days is the disinfection of already cleaned premises, both public utility, such as nurseries, kindergartens, municipal offices, but also apartments and private properties. 18 task teams for disinfection are prepared and moved to Brzeg, because it is in this part of the country that there are great needs in this area – informed Deputy Prime Minister Władysław Kosiniak – Kamysz in Wrocław.

    On September 25, Deputy Prime Minister W. Kosiniak-Kamysz took part in the morning crisis headquarters in Wrocław. The Minister of National Defense presented information on the current involvement of the armed forces in the areas affected by the flood. – At the moment, 25,000 soldiers are involved, and about 20,000 of them are directly involved. We maintain them at a very high level, due to the demand of local governments, in order to organize and clear communication routes, clean properties, farms and houses. These activities will be continued in Operation Fenix – informed the Minister of National Defense. As the minister emphasized, medical care in the post-flood areas is very important at the moment. – The military field hospital in Nysa will operate as long as there is such a need. We want to clean up as soon as possible and open the district hospital, which admitted 120 patients a day to the Emergency Department. Today, these tasks have been largely taken over by the field hospital, but of course it is not possible to perform all procedures there, especially planned procedures. So opening the district hospital in Nysa is a priority. The field hospital will remain even after the county hospital is opened. The field hospital will serve the uniformed services – the army, police and fire brigade in this area – the vice prime minister noted, W. Kosiniak-Kamysz.

    Photos (4)

    MILES AXIS

    EDITOR’S NOTE: This article is a translation. Apologies should the grammar and/or sentence structure not be perfect.

    MIL Translation OSI

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Translation: 25/09/2024 Council of Ministers – aid for flood victims

    MIL ASI Translation. Region: Polish/Europe –

    Fuente: Gobierno de Polonia en poleco.

    On Tuesday, September 24, this year, a special session of the Council of Ministers was held. During the first public part of the meeting, the ministers presented reports on the activities of their ministries in connection with the flood. Later in the session, the Council of Ministers adopted a draft act amending the act on special solutions related to the removal of the effects of floods. On Wednesday, the government will present information on its activities in the Sejm. Prime Minister Donald Tusk announced the position of the Council of Ministers regarding the most up-to-date information on the current system.

    I want to start every Cabinet meeting, at this critical time, with a briefing on the flood situation.

    – said the head of government. The Prime Minister also provided information on the amount of financial resources allocated for flood operations and the reconstruction plan.

    Regarding the scale of this aid, in terms of the aid itself during the flood and the plan that we are preparing, “Reconstruction Plus”, at the moment – including European funds – we assume that we will be able to mobilise up to PLN 23 billion.

    – he said. Minister of Finance: We are working on increasing the amountEl Minister Andrzej Domański summed up the most important things that the Ministry of Finance has proposed so far. He recalled that at the moment the Ministry of Finance has secured PLN 2 billion in the state budget for the implementation of the most urgent aid tasks related to combating the effects of floods and is still working on increasing this amount.

    We are currently issuing decisions releasing funds for voivodes, including for the payment of flood benefits. We are also working together with the local government on direct aid for affected municipalities. Among other things, we have at our disposal funds from the reserve in the amount of PLN 738 million. The decision on the division of this reserve will be made together with the local government.

    – informed the Minister of Finance. Taxpayers who suffered as a result of the flood may apply for the cancellation of tax liabilities.

    We remind you that entrepreneurs affected by floods can apply for a write-off of tax liabilities in the manner provided for in the tax ordinance. Regardless of this solution, we have introduced a regulation extending the tax payment deadlines for entrepreneurs affected by floods.

    – emphasized the Minister of Finance. The non-repayable aid can be counted on, among others, by borrowers whose mortgage obligation will be taken over by the state for 12 months.

    We are introducing non-refundable assistance for mortgage borrowers. The support will consist of repayment by the Borrower Support Fund of the borrower’s obligations under the housing loan for a period of 12 months regardless of the amount of the loan installment.

    – the minister informed Domański. The minister also reminded about the regulation introducing a 0% IVA rate for donations of goods and services transferred to flood victims and informed about the activities of the National Revenue Administration.

    We have also introduced a zero VAT rate for donations of goods and services made by Polish entrepreneurs to flood victims. The National Revenue Administration issues certificates to flood victims immediately.

    – the minister informed.

    MILES AXIS

    EDITOR’S NOTE: This article is a translation. Apologies should the grammar and/or sentence structure not be perfect.

    MIL Translation OSI

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Translation: 25/09/2024 The Minister of Finance signed a regulation enabling the use of zero IVA for donations of building materials to flood victims

    MIL ASI Translation. Region: Polish/Europe –

    Fuente: Gobierno de Polonia en poleco.

    The Minister of Finance has signed a regulation enabling the application of zero IVA for donations of building materials to flood victims25/09/2024

    The Minister of Finance has signed a regulation that introduces a 0% VAT rate for donations of construction materials made to victims whose properties were destroyed by the flood. The purpose of the solution is to facilitate the reconstruction or renovation of buildings and structures destroyed by the flood. The 0% rate applies to donations of construction materials made by March 31, 2025. On September 24, 2024, a regulation is in force that allows the application of a 0% VAT rate for donations of construction materials made to victims whose properties were destroyed by the September cataclysm. The 0% rate applies to donations of construction materials made directly to: individuals, entities conducting activities: education, cultural, in the field of health care, social welfare, care for children, youth and the elderly, in the field of collective accommodation for students,

    whose real estate is located in communes affected by the disaster and who have the formal right to dispose of these real estate. In order to maintain the “tightness” of the IVA system, the 0% rate will apply provided that: a written donation agreement is concluded between the taxpayer (donor) and the disposer real estate, the taxpayer (donor) has a document confirming damage to the real estate resulting from a flood: if the real estate administrator is a natural person – an appropriate questionnaire from a family environmental interview conducted by a social worker, if the real estate administrator is one of the indicated entities (i.e. . conducting educational, cultural, care activities, etc.) – a certificate issued by the relevant commune head, mayor or president.

    The 0% rate may be applied to donations of construction materials made from the date of entry into force of the regulation, i.e. September 24, 2024, March 31, 2025. The aim of the solution is to facilitate the reconstruction or renovation of buildings and structures destroyed by flooding, and thus to speed up the return of residents of the disaster-affected area to normal life.

    MILES AXIS

    EDITOR’S NOTE: This article is a translation. Apologies should the grammar and/or sentence structure not be perfect.

    MIL Translation OSI

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: SARP West 2024 Terrestrial Ecology Group

    Source: NASA

    Faculty Advisor: Dr. Dan Sousa, San Diego State University
    Graduate Mentor: Megan Ward-Baranyay, San Diego State University

    [embedded content]
    Megan Ward Baranyay, graduate student mentor for the 2024 SARP West Land group, provides an introduction for each of the group members and shares behind-the scenes moments from the internship.

    [embedded content]

    Predicting Ammonia Plume Presence at Feedlots in the San Joaquin Valley from VSWIR Spectroscopy of the Land Surface
    Gerrit Hoving, Carleton College
    Industrial-scale livestock farms, or Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs), are a major source of air pollutants including ammonia, methane, and hydrogen sulfide. Ammonia in particular is a major contributor to rural air pollution that is released from the breakdown of livestock effluent. Mitigating regional air pollution through improved waste management practices is only possible if emissions can be accurately monitored. However, ammonia is challenging to measure directly due to its short atmospheric lifetime and lack of VSWIR spectral signature. Here we investigate the potential for spectroscopic
    imaging of the CAFO land surface to predict the presence of detectable ammonia emissions. Data from the Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES) instrument were found to clearly identify plumes of ammonia emitted by specific feedlots. Plume presence or absence was then tied to pixel-level reflectance spectra from the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source (EMIT) instrument. Random forest classification models were found to predict ammonia plume presence/absence from VSWIR reflectance alone with an accuracy in the range of 70% to 80%. Our conclusions are limited by the limited number of
    feedlots overflown by HyTES (n=96), the time gap between HyTES and EMIT data, and potential difficulty in comparing feedlots in different regions. While only tested over a modest area, our results suggest that ammonia plume presence/absence may be
    predictable on the basis of surface features identifiable from VSWIR reflectance alone. Further investigation could focus on more comprehensive model validation, including characterization of the land surface processes and spectral signatures associated with feedlot surfaces with and without observable ammonia plumes. If generalizable, these results suggest that EMIT data may in some circumstances be used to predict the presence of ammonia emission plumes at feedlots in other areas, potentially enabling broader accounting of feedlot ammonia emissions.

    [embedded content]

    Burn to Bloom: Assessing the Impact of Coastal Wildfires on Phytoplankton Dynamics in California
    Benjamin Marshburn, California Polytechnic State University- San Luis Obispo
    California is experiencing rising temperatures as well as increased frequency and length of drought conditions due to anthropogenic climate change. Wildfires are an intrinsic component of California and its Mediterranean ecosystems. However, this change in natural wildfire behavior increases the risk to ecosystems including soil erosion, poor plant regrowth, and ash/nutrient runoff that leads to the ocean. Previous work has attributed phytoplankton blooms in the coastal ocean to runoff from wildfires. This study aims to quantify the extent to which the concentration of chlorophyll-a, an indicator of phytoplankton abundance, can be predicted by wildfire parameters in coastal California and to evaluate which parameters are the most important predictors. Due to climatic variation in California we split the coast into three regions, northern, central and southern, and analyzed three fires from each area. For each fire, the stream length connecting the most severely burned area and the ocean was derived from analysis of a digital elevation model acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Additionally, differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) was used to analyze burn severity for each fire. The change in chlorophyll-a levels before and after each fire from the impacted coastal area were evaluated using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Aqua satellite. The Random Forest Regression machine learning model did not strongly predict the difference in chlorophyll-a from the fire parameters. However, our moderate R2 value (0.36) shows promising avenues for future work, including investigating post-fire chlorophyll-a after the first significant rain event, as well as the impact of wind-blown ash on coastal chlorophyll-a concentrations.

    [embedded content]

    Species-specific Impact on Maximum Fire Temperature in Prescribed Burns at Sedgwick Reserve
    Hannah Samuelson, University of St. Thomas
    Fuel load plays a key role in determining severity (change in biomass), intensity (temperature), and frequency (length in time) of wildfires and prescribed fires. Fuel loads can vary in fuel conditions, like moisture content, amount, and flammability of the fuel, and are affected by species type and climatic conditions. Moreover, the difference in the chemical composition of plant species can affect its flammability. Anecdotal evidence from firefighters claim that Purple Sage burns hotter than other shrubs. Here we focus on two shrub species and two tree species that are broadly representative of California foothills; Blue Oak (Quercus douglasii), Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia), Purple Sage (Salvia leucophylla), and California Sagebrush (Artemisia californica), and aim to understand species-specific proclivity to burn with higher or lower severity and intensity. In fall of 2023, a prescribed fire was conducted at Sedgwick Reserve in Santa Barbara County, CA. Field data collection included maximum temperature point measurements with metal pyrometers, the change in 3D vegetation structure using UAV LiDAR, and orthomosaic images for species identification. Radial buffers were created around the locations of the metal pyrometers and used to evaluate the spatial distribution of species, which were verified through field-observed species identification. The relationship between dominant overstory species, change in biomass, and maximum fire temperature was investigated. Preliminary results suggest that Purple Sage produced the highest maximum fire temperatures. Additionally, preliminary results showed both tree species, Blue Oak and Coast Live Oak, exhibit similar biomass change at low maximum fire temperatures. This investigation confirmed the firefighters’ anecdotal evidence on the relationship between species and their wildfire dynamics. The results have the potential to refine fire spread models and ultimately land management practices, improving the protection of humans and infrastructure while preventing habitat destruction from wildfires.

    [embedded content]

    Quantifying the Influence of Soil Type, Slope, and Aspect on Live Fuel Load in Sedgwick Reserve
    Angelina Harris, William & Mary
    The severity and increasing frequency of California wildfires requires investigation of factors that characterize pre-fire landscapes to improve approaches to wildland management and predict the spread of wildfire. Quantifying the relationship between soil type and fuel load could improve existing efforts to map both overall quantity and composition of live fuel for fire spread models which may assist in preventative wildfire measures and potentially active firefighting work. The southwest corner of Sedgwick Reserve, Santa Barbara County, CA hosts two dominant soil types that broadly represent soil variability in the area. The more northerly soil unit is a Chamise shaly loam, and the more southerly soil unit is a Shedd silty clay loam. The Chamise series has a mixed texture, abundant in clay with a significant amount of rock fragments (> 35%) composing its texture while the Shedd series has a fine texture dominated by silt-sized particles. Topography, specifically slope and aspect, plays a significant role in formation and characteristics of soil due to influence on erosion and deposition and sun exposure, respectively. This research aims to explore the relationship between soil type and topography and quantify their influence on live fuel using a Canopy Height Model (CHM) derived from airborne LiDAR collected on 11/04/2020 with a point density of 10.19 pts/m2. The LiDAR-based CHM was filtered to separate trees (> 2 m) and shrubs (.07 – 2 m). A Random Forest Regressor was used to investigate the relationship between soil type, slope, and aspect to identify which variable is the best predictor of canopy height. Preliminary results suggested that soil type and aspect were the most important variables to determine canopy height (variable importance of .50 and .41, respectively). Further studies investigating quantity and composition of live fuel load focusing on additional soil units within Sedgwick Reserve are encouraged.

    [embedded content]

    From Canopy to Chemistry: Exploring the Relationship Between Vegetation Phenology and Isoprene Emission
    Emily Rogers, Bellarmine University
    Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) represents the most abundant non-methane biogenic volatile organic compound in the troposphere, with annual emissions almost equal to those of methane. Depending on the chemical environment, this effective thermoregulator and reactive oxygen species scavenger participates in photochemical reactions to produce climate pollutants and toxins such as ozone and secondary organic aerosols. Previous studies have revealed strong connections between isoprene emission and photosynthesis as its precursors are formed during the Calvin Cycle. This raises questions as to whether the periodic biological events of plants, collectively known as vegetation phenology, influences tropospheric isoprene quantities. In this study, we investigate the influence of vegetation phenology on isoprene emission in Southern California by comparing photosynthetic activity and the spatial distribution of the isoprene oxidation product, formaldehyde, for regions dominated by plants of two different physiologies: high altitude woodlands and coastal shrublands. We interrogate the annual phenology of these regions using high resolution solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) estimates from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite, and formaldehyde vertical column measurements from the recently activated Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) geostationary satellite. We explore the seasonal trends in both formaldehyde formation and SIF as well as their bivariate relationship. Preliminary results indicate both heightened formaldehyde emission and heightened SIF during summer months relative to winter months, with a comparatively stronger correlation between the two metrics during the fall. Our findings will provide insight toward the response of plants to variations in their environment which directly influence chemical systems in the air. Whereas VOCs hold a great potential for environmental and anthropological harm if emitted in excess, it is crucial to understand the factors involved in their formation. As such, we hope that our findings provide information relevant to the development of air pollution mitigation strategies.

    [embedded content]

    Keeping it Fresh(water): Understanding the Influence of Surface Mineralogy on Groundwater Quality within Volcanic Aquifer Systems
    Sydney Kent, Miami University
    Geology plays a key role in determining the chemical profile of groundwater through weathering and erosion, leading to minerals entering the groundwater. The Columbia Plateau, a geologic region that resides within the Pacific Northwest volcanic aquifer system, is known to have water management issues due to groundwater extraction for agriculture. Decreases in groundwater levels can lead to higher concentrations of rock-originated minerals, so the relationship between basaltic geology and well water quality is particularly important in these systems. This research aims to assess the extent in which the basaltic surface mineralogy of the Columbia Plateau impacts predetermined health benchmarks pertaining to trace elements, radionuclides, and nutrients. NASA’s Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) instrument, a spaceborne imaging spectrometer on the International Space Station, was used to map surface minerals within and among distinct regions of the Columbia Plateau. Some basalt aquifers have uranium that decays to radon-222, a mineral that can be toxic when consumed, as well as lithium, which is commonly found during volcanic eruptions. Preliminary findings showed that where basalt and its secondary minerals were identified with EMIT, chlorite and calcite, well data also indicated raised levels of lithium and radon-222. The relationship between EMIT mineral maps and water quality data indicated that EMIT can potentially be used to identify basalt aquifer systems that may be at risk of poor water quality. Results from this study can be used to enact more personalized water purification methods in areas with water quality issues and individuals with private wells can be more informed about the hazards present in their water.
    Click here watch the Atmospheric Aerosols Group presentations.
    Click here watch the Ocean Group presentations.
    Click here watch the Whole Air Sampling (WAS) Group presentations.

    MIL OSI USA News –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: SARP West 2024 Oceans Group

    Source: NASA

    Faculty Advisor: Dr. Henry Houskeeper, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
    Graduate Mentor: Lori Berberian, University of California, Los Angeles

    [embedded content]
    Lori Berberian graduate student mentor for the 2024 SARP West Oceans group, provides an introduction for each of the group members and shares behind-the scenes moments from the internship.

    [embedded content]

    Leveraging High Resolution PlanetScope Imagery to Quantify oil slick Spatiotemporal Variability in the Santa Barbara Channel
    Emory Gaddis, Colgate University
    Located within the Santa Barbara Channel of California, Coal Oil Point is one of the world’s largest hydrocarbon seep fields. The area’s natural hydrocarbon seepage and oil production have sustained both scientific interest and commercial activity for decades. Historically, indigenous peoples in the region utilized the naturally occurring tar for waterproofing baskets, establishing early evidence of the natural presence of hydrocarbons long before modern oil extraction began. Gaseous hydrocarbons are released from the marine floor through the process of seeping, wherein a buildup of reservoir pressure relative to hydrostatic pressure causes bubbles, oily bubbles, and droplets to rise to the surface. This hydrocarbon seepage is a significant source of Methane CH4—a major greenhouse gas––emissions into the atmosphere. Current limitations of optical remote sensing of oil presence and absence in the ocean leverage geometrical as well as biogeochemical factors and include changes in observed sun glint, sea surface damping, and wind roughening due to changes in surface oil concentrations. We leverage high-resolution (3m) surface reflectance observations obtained from PlanetScope to construct a time series of oil slick surface area spanning 2017 to 2023 within the Coal Oil Point seep field. Our initial methods are based on manual annotations performed within ArcGIS-Pro. We assess potential relationships between wind speed and oil slick surface area to support a sensitivity analysis of our time series. Correcting for confounding outside factors (e.g., wind speed) that modify oil slick surface area improves determination of oil slick surface area and helps test for changes in natural seepage rates and whether anthropogenic activities, such as oil drilling, alter natural oil seepage. Future investigations into oil slick chemical properties and assessing how natural seepage impacts marine and atmospheric environments (e.g., surface oil releases methane into the atmosphere) can help to inform the science of optimizing oil extraction locations.

    [embedded content]

    Investigating Airborne LiDAR Retrievals of an Emergent South African Macroalgae
    Rachel Emery, The University of Oklahoma
    Right now, the world is facing an unprecedented biodiversity crisis, with areas of high biodiversity at the greatest risk of species extinction. One of these biodiversity hotspots, the Western Cape Province of South Africa, features one of the world’s largest unique marine ecosystems due to the extensive growth of canopy forming kelps, such as Macrocystis and Ecklonia, which provide three-dimensional structure important for fostering biodiversity and productivity. Canopy-forming kelps face increasing threats by marine heatwaves and pollution related to climate change and local water quality perturbation. Though these ecosystems can be monitored using traditional field surveying methods, remote sensing via airborne and satellite observations support improved spatial coverage and resample rates, plus extensive historical continuity for tracking multidecadal scale changes. Passive remote sensing observations—such as those derived using observations from NASA’s Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer – Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) —provide high resolution, hyperspectral imagery of oceanic environments anticipated to help characterize community dynamics and quantify macroalga physiological change. Active remote sensing observations, e.g., Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), are less understood in terms of applications to marine ecosystems, but are anticipated to support novel observations of vertical structure not supported using passive aquatic remote sensing. Here we investigate the potential to observe an emergent canopy-forming macroalgae (i.e., Ecklonia, which can extend more than a decimeter above the ocean’s surface) using NASA’s Land, Vegetation, and Ice sensor (LVIS), which confers decimeter-scale vertical resolution. We validate LVIS observations using matchup observations from AVIRIS-NG imagery to test whether LiDAR remote sensing can improve monitoring of emergent kelps in key biodiversity regions such as the Western Cape.

    Vertical structure of the aquatic light field based on half a century of oceanographic records from the southern California Current
    Brayden Lipscomb, West Virginia University
    Understanding the optical properties of marine ecosystems is crucial for improving models related to oceanic productivity. Models relating satellite observations to oceanic productivity or subsurface (e.g., benthic) light availability often suffer from uncertainties in parameterizing vertical structure and deriving columnar parameters from surface observations. The most accurate models use in situ station data, minimizing assumptions such as atmospheric optical thickness or water column structure. For example, improved accuracy of satellite primary productivity models has previously been demonstrated by incorporating information on vertical structure obtained from gliders and floats. We analyze vertical profiles in photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) obtained during routine surveys of the southern California Current system by the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigation (CalCOFI). We find that depths of 1% and 10% light availability show coherent log-linear relationships with attenuation measured near surface (i.e., within the first 10 m), despite vertical variability in water column constituent concentrations and instrumentation challenges related to sensitivity, self-shading, and ship adjacency. Our results suggest that subsurface optical properties can be more reliably parameterized from near-surface measurements than previously understood.

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    Comparing SWOT and PACE Satellite Observations to Assess Modification of Phytoplankton Biomass and Assemblage by North Atlantic Ocean Eddies
    Dominic Bentley, Pennsylvania State University
    Upwelling is the shoaling of the nutricline, thermocline, and isopycnals due to advection by eddies of the surface ocean layer. This shoaling effect leads to an increase in the productivity of algal blooms in a given body of water. Mesoscale to deformation scale eddy circulation modulates productivity based on latitude, season, direction, and other physical factors. However, many processes governing the effects of eddies on the ocean microbial environment remain unknown due to limitations in observations linking eddy strength and direction with productivity and ocean biogeochemistry. Currently, satellites are the only ocean observing system that allows for broad spatial coverage with high resample rates, albeit with limitations due to cloud obstructions (including storms that may stimulate productivity) and to observations being limited to the near-surface. A persisting knowledge gap in oceanography stems from limitations in the spatial resolution of observations resolving submesoscale dynamics. The recent launch of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission in December of 2022 supports observations of upper-ocean circulation with increased resolution relative to legacy missions (e.g. TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, OSTM/Jason-2). Meanwhile, the launch of the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) satellite in February of 2024 is anticipated to improve knowledge of ocean microbial ecosystem dynamics. We match up SWOT observations of sea surface height (SSH) anomalies—informative parameters of eddy vorticity—with PACE observations of surface phytoplankton biomass and community composition to relate the distribution of phytoplankton biomass and assemblage structure to oceanic eddies in the North Atlantic. We observe higher concentrations of Chlorophyll a (Chla) within SSH minima indicating the stimulation of phytoplankton productivity by cyclonic features associated with upwelling-driven nutrient inputs.

    [embedded content]

    Assessing EMIT observations of harmful algae in the Salton Sea
    Abigail Heiser, University of Wisconsin- Madison
    In 1905, flooding from the Colorado River gave rise to what would become California’s largest lake, the Salton Sea. Today, the majority of its inflow is sourced from agricultural runoff, which is rich in fertilizers and pollutants, leading to elevated lake nutrient levels that fuel harmful algal blooms (HAB) events. Increasingly frequent HAB events pose ecological, environmental, economic, and health risks to the region by degrading water quality and introducing environmental toxins. Using NASA’s Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) imaging spectrometer we apply two hyperspectral aquatic remote sensing algorithms; cyanobacteria index (CI) and scattering line height (SLH). These algorithms detect and characterize spatiotemporal variability of cyanobacteria, a key HAB taxa. Originally designed to study atmospheric mineral dust, EMIT’s data products provide novel opportunities for detailed aquatic characterizations with both high spatial and high spectral resolution. Adding aquatic capabilities for EMIT would introduce a novel and cost-effective tool for monitoring and studying the drivers and timing of HAB onset, to improve our understanding of environmental dynamics.

    [embedded content]

    Reassessing multidecadal trends in Water Clarity for the central and southern California Current System
    Emma Iacono, North Carolina State University
    Over the past several decades, the world has witnessed a steady rise in average global temperatures, a clear indication of the escalating effects of climate change. In 1990, Andrew Bakun hypothesized that unequal warming of sea and land surface temperatures would increase pressure gradients and lead to rising rates of alongshore upwelling within Eastern Boundary Currents, including the California Current System (CCS). An anticipated increase in upwelling-favorable winds would have profound implications for the productivity of the CCS, wherein upwelled waters supply nutrient injections that sustain and fuel coastal ocean phytoplankton stocks. Increasing upwelling, therefore, is anticipated to increase the turbidity of the upper ocean, corresponding with greater phytoplankton concentrations. Historical observations of turbidity are supported by observations obtained using a Secchi Disk, i.e., an opaque white instrument lowered into the water column. Observations of Secchi depth—or the depth at which light reflected from the Secchi Disk is no longer visible from the surface—provide a quantification of light penetration into the euphotic zone. The shoaling, or shallowing, of Secchi disk depths was previously reported for inshore, transition, and offshore waters of the central and southern CCS for historical observations spanning 1969 – 2007. Here, we reassess Secchi disk depths during the subsequent period spanning 2007 to 2021 and test for more recent changes in water clarity. Additionally, we evaluate the seasonality and spatial patterns of Secchi disk trends to test for potential changes to oceanic microbial ecology. Indications of long-term trends in some of the coastal domains assessed were found. Generally, our findings suggest a reversal of the trends previously reported. In particular, increases in water clarity likely associated with a recent marine heatwave (MHW) may be responsible for recent changes in Secchi disk depth observations, illustrating the importance of MHW events for modifying the CCS microbial ecosystem.
    Click here watch the Atmospheric Aerosols Group presentations.
    Click here watch the Terrestrial Ecology Group presentations.
    Click here watch the Whole Air Sampling (WAS) Group presentations.

    MIL OSI USA News –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: Sep 25, 2024 ATU: FTA’s General Directive Regarding Assaults on Transit Workers is Long Overdue and Needs to Quickly Lead to Meaningful Changes to Save Lives

    Source: US Amalgamated Transit Union

    Silver Spring, MD – Calling the Federal Transit Administration’s (FTA) General Directive on transit worker assault an encouraging first step, the Amalgamated Transit Union (ATU), the largest union representing transit workers in the U.S., calls on the agency to do more to ensure the safety of transit workers and riders. This is the first-ever General Directive issued by the agency.

    “Each day, hundreds of transit workers are assaulted on the job. ATU members have been shot, stabbed, and struck with canes, fire extinguishers, screwdrivers, hammers, and garbage cans. They have been attacked with pepper spray, burned with hot coffee, and doused in urine and spit. Bus drivers have been robbed for pocket change and operators are regularly sexually assaulted. This constitutes a regular day on the job in the transit industry,” says ATU International President John Costa. “We applaud the FTA for acknowledging for the first time that transit workers are facing hazards on a ‘national level.’ However, in order to keep operators safe, transit systems need to begin immediately the process of retrofitting all fixed route buses with quality floor-to-ceiling-to-windshield barriers to protect transit bus operators from continual vicious attacks.”

    FTA’s directive requiring transit agencies to conduct a safety risk assessment related to assaults on transit workers and to identify safety risk mitigations or strategies to improve transit worker safety using joint labor-management Safety Committees is great news for transit workers.

    The FTA’s action is a welcome contrast to the Trump Administration, which in 2019 issued a notice in the Federal Register disgracefully stating that it was “not necessary” to take any further actions to address transit worker assaults.

    “The ATU is grateful for the FTA’s step forward today,” said Costa. “The agency will soon learn what we have known for years: transit agencies across the country are not doing nearly enough to stop the constant attacks on our members.”

    “Once this information is collected, we hope the agency will then pivot immediately to requiring minimum vehicle safety standards for transit buses, as authorized by the FAST Act nine years ago,” Costa continued.

    “Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, airplane pilots have been protected in the cockpit by barriers. Now, it is time to provide bus drivers with the same level of protections. Like planes, all unauthorized persons should be blocked from gaining access to the bus operator workstation,” said Costa. “Until such infrastructure is mandated by federal regulations, we will continue to see bus operators get hijacked, punched, slapped, shot, stabbed, sexually assaulted, and spit upon. Minimum vehicle safety standards for U.S. buses are needed right now! Not One More operator needs to go through this horror!”

    MIL OSI USA News –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI New Zealand: Health – Respiratory health warning over Christchurch fire

    Source: Asthma and Respiratory Foundation

    Kiwis living with a respiratory condition in central Christchurch are being urged to take precautions to protect themselves from exposure to smoke, after a large blaze broke out in a commercial building.
    The Asthma and Respiratory Foundation NZ is advising people living and working near the blaze to close all windows and doors if staying inside, or wear a N95 or KN95 mask if going outside.
    Foundation Chief Executive Ms Letitia Harding says these steps offer the best protection against the harmful effects of smoke inhalation.
    “Inhaling smoke from fires can pose serious risks for respiratory health, especially for vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions.
    “It can severely exacerbate conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and trigger flare-ups, which can be serious and lead to hospitalisation.”
    Smoke contains tiny particles that enters the throat and lungs causing irritation, Ms Harding says.
    “That is why it is important that people with asthma or COPD keep their reliever inhaler on-hand if they start to develop symptoms.”
    It was important to stay vigilant, she says.
    “It’s crucial for everyone, especially those with respiratory conditions, to take these precautions seriously to avoid worsening symptoms or unnecessary health complications.”

    MIL OSI New Zealand News –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: Rep. Carbajal Votes to Prevent Harmful Government Shutdown, Avert Pay Cut for Wildland Firefighters

    Source: United States House of Representatives – Representative Salud Carbajal (CA-24)

    Rep. Salud Carbajal (CA-24) voted today on a clean extension of government funding that averts a costly government shutdown, rejects Project 2025 policy riders, and averts an imminent pay cut for federal wildland firefighters currently battling blazes across California.

    “From the beginning of this Congress, House Democrats and I have made it clear that we are prepared to work across the aisle to find bipartisan common ground to responsibly fund our government and sustain programs that help Central Coast families. But since we finalized last year’s budget, House Republican leadership has spent more time pursuing policies from Donald Trump’s Project 2025, putting right-wing extremist priorities like voter suppression ahead of actually governing – all while endangering our national security, veteran’s benefits, and essential services,” said Rep. Carbajal.

    “This lack of bipartisan cooperation has put Congress in a position to once again need to extend government funding to the end of this year while we continue working to finalize a budget for the coming fiscal year. As ever, I remain committed to putting governing ahead of partisan games, and I hope my colleagues will do the same.”

    “I’m glad that this bill averts the impending pay cliff for federal wildland firefighters. As my colleagues and I have advocated for throughout this Congress, I will continue to push for our permanent fix to be included in the final budget agreement later this year. Our wildland firefighters are working day and night to protect our communities from dangerous fires. The last thing we should do is allow a devastating pay cut in the middle of fire season.”

    The funding resolution passed today by the U.S. House of Representatives sustains current government funding levels through December 20, 2024. The measure now advances to the Senate, where it is expected to pass and reach the President’s desk before the end of the Fiscal Year on Monday, September 30.

    Congressman Carbajal pushed to avert the impending pay cut for federal wildland firefighters by advocating for passage of the Wildland Firefighter Paycheck Protection Act to permanently increase the base pay, deployment pay, and benefits for federal wildland firefighters. He introduced this bill with his colleagues last year to make permanent the pay increases provided by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law in 2021.

    MIL OSI USA News –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Video: ASL Hurricane Helene Messaging 09.25.2024

    Source: United States of America – Federal Government Departments (video statements)

    President Biden approved Florida’s request for a pre-landfall emergency declaration, enabling FEMA to provide funding and resources to Florida in advance of Hurricane Helene.
    FEMA is prepared to support state and local response efforts, and has staff, supplies, and equipment in place and ready.
    It is very important to follow guidance from your local officials to evacuate – Helene will bring hurricane-force winds and deadly storm surge and floods.
    Equally important is making sure you finish preparing for the storm today.
    You can find more information and resources on how to stay safe before, during, and after the storm at Ready.gov or in Spanish at Listo.gov

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8xdTN3qxrA

    MIL OSI Video –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: Lee Introduces the Saving Privacy Act to Protect Americans’ Financial Data

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for Utah Mike Lee
     
    WASHINGTON –Senator Mike Lee (R-UT) introduced the Saving Privacy Act, a bill to end government abuse of Americans’ financial information. For years, federal agencies have been overreaching in their surveillance, collecting vast amounts of personal financial data from law-abiding citizens without just cause. Senator Rick Scott (R-FL) is an original co-sponsor of the bill.
    “The federal government has no business surveilling the financial activities of millions of innocent Americans,” said Senator Lee. “The current system erodes the privacy rights of citizens, while doing little to effectively catch true financial criminals. My Saving Privacy Act ensures that Americans’ personal information is protected and that government agencies operate within the bounds of the Constitution.”
    “Big government has no place in law-abiding Americans’ personal finances. It is a massive overreach of the government and a gross violation of their privacy,” said Senator Rick Scott. “That is why I am teaming up with Senator Lee so that we can protect Americans’ personal financials for good. Our Saving Privacy Act will allow federal agencies to go after criminals while also protecting innocent Americans’ data. This is commonsense legislation, and I am urging my colleagues to support its immediate passage.”
    “This kind of reform restores the proper balance—as provided by the Fourth Amendment—between Americans’ privacy rights and law enforcement’s ability to gather evidence to enforce laws. It would protect individuals’ financial privacy and improve federal agencies’ abilities to prosecute criminal activity rather than sift through millions of low-value reports. This kind of reform is long overdue.” – Norbert Michel, Jennifer Schulp, and Nicholas Anthony of the Cato Institute
      “Financial privacy is of paramount importance in the digital age,” said Bryan Bashur, Director of Financial Policy for Americans for Tax Reform. “Lawmakers should support Sen. Lee’s efforts to further preserve financial privacy and prevent the federal government from easily accessing this information. Enacting this legislation will also protect consumers from other existential threats to financial privacy—such as tracking stock trading and electronic payment activity. 
    Government surveillance efforts have been largely ineffective, as demonstrated by the dismal success rate of suspicious activity reports (SARs) submitted to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN). In FY2023, financial institutions submitted 25.4 million SARs and currency transaction reports (CTRs), yet less than 0.3% of these reports resulted in relevant IRS-CI and FBI cases.
    In recent years, FinCEN and the FBI surveilled the financial transactions of individuals and solicited banks for information on purchases related to “Trump,” “MAGA,” firearms, and even religious texts. Meanwhile, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has quietly been constructing a centralized database, the Consolidated Audit Trail (CAT), designed to track every single stock market transaction and the personal information of millions of Americans without any congressional approval.
    Senator Lee’s bill, the Saving Privacy Act, seeks to curb these abuses and restore Fourth Amendment protections for all Americans.
    Key Provisions of the Saving Privacy Act:
     
    Repeals the Bank Secrecy Act’s SAR and CTR reporting requirements while maintaining recordkeeping provisions.
    Repeals the Corporate Transparency Act.
    Strengthens Fourth Amendment protections, bolstering warrant requirements in the Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978.
    Repeals the SEC’s Consolidated Audit Trail (CAT) database.
    Requires congressional approval for any new databases that collect personally identifiable information of U.S. citizens.
    Prohibits the creation of a Central Bank Digital Currency.
    Requires congressional authorization for financial regulations deemed major rules.
    Institutes penalties for federal employees who illegally seek constitutionally protected financial information.
    Establishes a private right of action for Americans and financial institutions harmed by illicit government activity.
      
    Bill text | One-pager

    MIL OSI USA News –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: 2024 SARP West Closeout

    Source: NASA

    On August 12-13, 24 students from the West Coast cohort of NASA’s Student Airborne Research Program (SARP) gathered at University of California, Irvine (UCI) to present their final research to a room of mentors, professors, family, and NASA personnel.
    SARP is an eight-week summer internship for undergraduate students, hosted in two cohorts: SARP West operates out of Ontario Airport and UCI in California, while SARP East operates out of Wallops Flight Facility and Christopher Newport University in Virginia. After research introductions from faculty, instrument scientists, and staff, students are assigned one of four research categories: for SARP West, these categories are aerosols, terrestrial ecology,  whole air sampling (WAS), or oceans. Each group is led by a dedicated researcher who is a specialist in that field, along with a graduate student mentor. Over the course of the summer, each intern develops their own research project as they conduct field work, collect data, and fly onboard either the P-3 or B200 NASA flying laboratories.
    “You really see them become scientists in their own right,” said Stephanie Olaya, Program Manager for SARP East and West. “A lot of these projects are PhD level: they are researching and making novel discoveries for the field. They don’t even realize the magnitude of the things they’ve accomplished until the end of the program.”

    Stephanie olaya
    SARP Program Manager

    Research is not the only focus of the program, however. Faculty and mentors alike commented on the confidence they watched grow in the cohort over the two month internship, and the sense of camaraderie with their peers. Olaya says building a sense of community is a primary goal of the program, which encourages close friendships through communal living, regular group dinners, and weekend trips, in addition to the hours of team fieldwork, data collection, and laboratory analysis.  
    The final presentations are another critical facet of the program, as it teaches students how to communicate scientific research and results to a non-scientific audience. “We want to impress on these students that science is not just for scientists,” Olaya said. “Science is for everyone.”
    The event finished with closing remarks by Barry Lefer, Tropospheric Composition Program Manager at NASA Headquarters. “I want to welcome you to the SARP family,” Lefer said, “and to the NASA family.”
    To watch videos of these student’s presentations and/or read their research abstracts, please follow the links below.

    Introduced by Oceans Group PhD student mentor Lori Berberian, University Of California, Los Angeles

    Leveraging high resolution PlanetScope imagery to quantify oil slick spatiotemporal variability in the Santa Barbara Channel

    Emory Gaddis, Colgate University

    Investigating airborne LiDAR retrievals of an emergent South African macroalgae

    Rachel Emery, The University of Oklahoma

    Vertical structure of the aquatic light field based on half a century of oceanographic records from the Southern California current

    Brayden Lipscomb, West Virginia University

    Comparing SWOT and PACE satellite observations to assess modification of phytoplankton biomass and assemblage by North Atlantic ocean eddies

    Dominic Bentley, Pennsylvania State University

    Assessing EMIT observations of harmful algae in the Salton Sea

    Abigail Heiser, University of Wisconsin- Madison

    Reassessing multidecadal trends in water clarity for the Central and Southern California current system

    Emma Iacono, North Carolina State University

    Introduced by Atmospheric Aerosols PhD student mentor Madison Landi, University of California, Irvine

    A comparative analysis of tropospheric NO2: Evaluating TEMPO satellite data against airborne measurements

    Maya Niyogi, Johns Hopkins University

    Investigating the atmospheric burden of black carbon over the past decade in the Los Angeles Basin

    Benjamin Wells, San Diego State University

    Tracking methane and aerosols in relation to health effects in the San Joaquin Valley

    Devin Keith, Mount Holyoke College

    Investigating the effects of aerosols on photosynthesis using satellite imaging

    Lily Lyons, Brandeis University

    Validating the performance of CMAQ in simulating the vertical distribution of trace gases

    Ryleigh Czajkowski, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

    Estimating aerosol optical properties using Mie Theory and analyzing their impact on radiative forcing in California

    Alison Thieberg, Emory University

    Introduced by WAS PhD student mentor Katherine Paredero, Georgia Institute of Technology

    Urban planning initiative: Investigation of isoprene emissions by tree species in the LA Basin

    Mikaela Vaughn, Virginia Commonwealth University

    VOC composition and ozone formation potential observed over Long Beach, California

    Joshua Lozano, Sonoma State University

    Investigating enhanced methane and ethane emissions over the Long Beach Airport

    Sean Breslin, University of Delaware

    Investigating elevated levels of toluene during winter in the Imperial Valley

    Katherine Skeen, University of North Carolina at Charlotte

    Characterizing volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from surface expressions of the Salton Sea Geothermal System (SSGS)

    Ella Erskine, Tufts University

    Airborne and ground-based analysis of Los Angeles County landfill gas emissions

    Amelia Brown, Hamilton College

    Introduced by Terrestrial Ecology PhD student mentor Megan Ward-Baranyay, San Diego State University

    Predicting ammonia plume presence at feedlots in the San Joaquin Valley from VSWIR spectroscopy of the land surface

    Gerrit Hoving, Carleton College

    Burn to bloom: Assessing the impact of coastal wildfires on phytoplankton dynamics in California

    Benjamin Marshburn, California Polytechnic State University- San Luis Obispo

    Species-specific impact on maximum fire temperature in prescribed burns at Sedgwick Reserve

    Hannah Samuelson, University of St. Thomas

    Quantifying the influence of soil type, slope, and aspect on live fuel load in Sedgwick Reserve

    Angelina Harris, William & Mary

    From canopy to chemistry: Exploring the relationship between vegetation phenology and isoprene emission

    Emily Rogers, Bellarmine University

    Keeping it fresh(water): Understanding the influence of surface mineralogy on groundwater quality within volcanic aquifer systems

    Sydney Kent, Miami University

    MIL OSI USA News –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: Duckworth Highlights Need to Better Support Our Nation’s Military and Veteran Caregivers During Dole Foundation Annual Conference

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for Illinois Tammy Duckworth

    September 25, 2024

    [WASHINGTON, D.C.] – Yesterday, combat Veteran and U.S. Senator Tammy Duckworth (D-IL)—a member of the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC) who served in the Reserve Forces for 23 years before retiring at the rank of Lieutenant Colonel—joined the Elizabeth Dole Foundation’s 9th Annual National Convening to highlight the ways Congress can better address and respond to the challenges facing our nation’s more than 14 million military and Veteran caregivers. During a fireside chat at the conference this week, Senator Duckworth also discussed the many ways she’s working to support military families and Veterans to help ensure they have the high-quality care they deserve and have earned through their service. Full video of Senator Duckworth’s conversation at the event can be found on the Dole Foundation’s YouTube page. Photos from the event can be found on the Senator’s website.

    “I know from personal experience that we can’t afford for our troops who are in harm’s way to second guess what might happen to them or their family if they become wounded—it hurts our military readiness,” said Senator Duckworth. “Supporting caregivers and supporting the VA isn’t just about doing something humanitarian. It’s about the safety and security of our nation.”

    At this year’s annual conference, the Dole Foundation also unveiled a new RAND study that shows the number of military and Veteran caregivers in the U.S. has increased by nearly 9 million over the past decade, and that these caregivers’ health is at risk as they tend to Veterans and Wounded Warriors at home. The significant increase of military and Veteran caregivers across the country and the health risks associated with their work underscores the need for more support from federal programs to help caregivers do these critical jobs.

    Duckworth is a fierce advocate for our servicemembers, Veterans and their families. She recently helped secure $2.9 billion to support family caregivers of disabled Veterans and the expansion of the program to include pre-9/11 Veterans in the Fiscal Year 2025 spending bills. In March, Duckworth also announced that she helped secure $2.4 billion to expand benefits and services for military and Veteran caregivers to include health care and mental health services, training adapted to the Veterans’ individual care needs and a direct stipend payment as part of the Fiscal Year 2024 spending bills.

    -30-



    MIL OSI USA News –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI USA: Risch Introduces Bill to Ban Handgun Rosters

    US Senate News:

    Source: United States Senator for Idaho James E Risch

    WASHINGTON – U.S. Senator Jim Risch (R-Idaho) today introduced the Modern Firearms Safety Act, which would prohibit states from enforcing handgun rosters. These lists of pre-approved handguns require manufacturers to include costly features like microstamping, loaded chamber indicators, and magazine disconnect mechanisms on firearms, preventing law-abiding citizens from purchasing the firearm of their choice.

    “Unconstitutional handgun rosters create unnecessary, burdensome requirements for firearm manufacturers while undermining the Second Amendment,” said Risch. “The Modern Firearms Safety Act stops Democrats arbitrary handgun catalogs and protects law-abiding gun owners’ right to bear arms.”

    Several states, including California, New York, Maryland, Massachusetts, and D.C., have recently enacted unconstitutional handgun rosters. A 2024 federal district court ruling found California’s handgun roster requirements unconstitutional.

    Risch is joined by U.S. Senators Mike Crapo (R-Idaho), Mike Braun (R-Ind.), Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.Va.), Bill Cassidy (R-La.), John Cornyn (R-Texas), Kevin Cramer (R-N.D.), Steve Daines (R-Mont.), John Hoeven (R-N.D.), Roger Marshall (R-Kansas), Markwayne Mullin (R-Okla.), and Thom Tillis (R-N.C.) in introducing the legislation.

    “Those on the Left continue to use every creative avenue possible to stifle Second Amendment rights and restrict gun ownership for law-abiding citizens,” said Crapo. “These practices must stop.”

    “Blue states look for every avenue to ban guns for law-abiding citizens,” said Cassidy. “Requiring unnecessary and imaginary modifications that don’t improve safety is just another tactic out of this playbook. The Second Amendment is a Constitutional right that shouldn’t be infringed upon just because of the state in which you reside.” 

    “Trying to impose unnecessary and overly stringent requirements on what features handguns must have is a blatant attempt to strip away core constitutional rights,” said Cornyn. “This legislation ensures law-abiding gun owners in Texas can continue to exercise their Second Amendment right in a safe and responsible way without being subject to impractical restrictions.”

    “Our Founding Fathers were clear—the right to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed,” said Daines. “Forcing Americans to outfit their firearms with onerous and costly features is a clear attempt to undermine the Second Amendment and law-abiding citizens’ constitutional rights, and it must stop.”

    “I am proud to join Senator Risch in our fight against the Democrats’ never-ending attack on our Second Amendment rights and our constitutional freedoms,” Marshall said. “The Modern Firearm Safety Act will end the unconstitutional gun grab currently underway in far-Left states like California, New York, Maryland, and Massachusetts. Our legislation rightfully blocks Democrats from enforcing illegal handgun roster requirements designed to target law-abiding Americans.”

    “This commonsense legislation safeguards the Second Amendment rights of law-abiding citizens by eliminating unnecessary barriers to purchase firearms,” said Tillis. “I am proud to support responsible gun owners by introducing this legislation, which aims to prevent government overreach and uphold our constitutional freedoms.”

    The Modern Firearms Safety Act has received support from the Congressional Sportsmen’s Foundation, National Shooting Sports Foundation (NSSF), and National Rifle Association (NRA).

    MIL OSI USA News –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Translation: Joint Statement by Canada, the United States of America, Australia, the European Union, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and Qatar

    MIL OSI Translation. Canadian French to English –

    Source: Prime Minister of Canada – in French

    The situation between Lebanon and Israel since October 8, 2023 is intolerable and poses an unacceptable risk of broader regional escalation. This situation is in no one’s interest, neither the Israeli people nor the Lebanese people.

    It is time to reach a diplomatic agreement that allows civilians on both sides of the border to return home safely.

    Diplomacy, however, cannot succeed in a context of escalating conflict.

    We therefore call for an immediate 21-day ceasefire on the Israeli-Lebanese border to allow room for diplomacy and the conclusion of a diplomatic settlement in line with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701, and the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 2735 on a ceasefire in Gaza.

    We call on all parties, including the Israeli and Lebanese governments, to immediately endorse the temporary ceasefire in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution 1701 during this period, and to give a genuine chance to a diplomatic settlement.

    We will thus be ready to fully support all diplomatic initiatives aimed at reaching an agreement between Lebanon and Israel during this period, based on the efforts made in recent months, in order to put an end to this crisis.

    EDITOR’S NOTE: This article is a translation. Apologies should the grammar and/or sentence structure not be perfect.

    MIL Translation OSI

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Canada: Joint Statement by Canada, the United States of America, Australia, European Union, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and Qatar

    Source: Government of Canada – Prime Minister

    The situation between Lebanon and Israel since October 8th, 2023 is intolerable and presents an unacceptable risk of a broader regional escalation. This is in nobody’s interest, neither of the people of Israel nor of the people of Lebanon.

    It is time to conclude a diplomatic settlement that enables civilians on both sides of the border to return to their homes in safety.

    Diplomacy however cannot succeed amid an escalation of this conflict.

    Thus we call for an immediate 21 day ceasefire across the Lebanon-Israel border to provide space for diplomacy and the conclusion of a diplomatic settlement consistent with UNSCR 1701, and the implementation of UNSCR 2735 regarding a ceasefire in Gaza.

    We call on all parties, including the Governments of Israel and Lebanon, to endorse the temporary ceasefire immediately consistent with UNSCR 1701 during this period, and to give a real chance to a diplomatic settlement.

    We are then prepared to fully support all diplomatic efforts to conclude an agreement between Lebanon and Israel within this period, building on the efforts over the last months, that ends this crisis altogether.

    MIL OSI Canada News –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Global: Post-election violence is possible in US, political scientist says − and it could be worse than Jan. 6

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Alexander Cohen, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Clarkson University

    Should Americans be bracing for bloodshed if Donald Trump loses the 2024 presidential election?

    As a political scientist who studies American politics, I can easily imagine a repeat of the Jan. 6, 2021, Capitol insurrection – or worse – following this November’s presidential election.

    Flashback to 2020

    Four years ago, in an attempt to overturn his loss in the 2020 presidential election, then-President Donald Trump and his surrogates furiously challenged its results. Lodging 63 lawsuits, Trump and his surrogates tried to discredit or override vote counting, election processes and certification standards in nine states.

    None of these attempts was successful. Many were dismissed as baseless – often by Trump-appointed judges – before they even saw trial. Simply put, there is no evidence of widespread fraud. Even a voter data expert hired by Trump concluded that the 2020 election was not stolen.

    The U.S. legal system agreed, demonstrating that courts remain an important bulwark protecting American democracy. Yet the legal system cannot prevent political violence wrought by election denialism, as the country soon learned.

    On Jan. 6, 2021, over 2,000 people stormed the United States Capitol to forcibly prevent Congress from certifying the 2020 presidential election. Four people died and 138 police officers were injured during the riot, which inflicted nearly US$3 million of damage. Four officers who responded to the riot would later kill themselves.

    The mob was spurred, at least in part, by Trump’s rousing speech at a rally in Washington, D.C., earlier that day. There, he reiterated his claims that the 2020 election had been “stolen by emboldened radical-left Democrats” and warned the crowd of approximately 53,000 that “if you don’t fight like hell, you’re not going to have a country anymore.”

    Many legal scholars considered this to be incitement.

    “He clearly knew there were people in that crowd who were ready to and intended to be violent,” legal scholar Garrett Epps told the BBC. “He not only did nothing to discourage it, he strongly hinted it should happen.”

    Trump: A sore loser … and winner

    Trump has a long history of denying the results of any contest whose outcome he does not like.

    Before entering the political arena, Trump called the 2012 Emmys “dishonest” because his show, “The Apprentice,” did not win. In 2012, he dismissed then-President Barack Obama’s reelection as a “total sham” and questioned the accuracy of vote tallies and voting machines. Unleashing a barrage of tweets, Trump urged citizens to “fight like hell” against a “disgusting injustice.”

    As a presidential candidate in 2016, Trump called the Republican primaries fraudulent after his competitor Sen. Ted Cruz won in Iowa, tweeting that the Texan “stole it.”

    Ultimately, Trump won the Republican primaries and the national presidential campaign against Hillary Clinton in 2016. Nonetheless, he falsely claimed that he only lost the popular vote – Trump fell 2 million short of Clinton’s 65.8 million votes – due to massive voting among illegal immigrants.

    Attacking the 2024 election

    Trump has doubled down on his election denial this election cycle. By May 2024, The New York Times had documented 550 such statements, up from roughly 100 in the entire 2020 campaign.

    Continuing to insist that the 2020 election was “rigged,” Trump predicts a repeat in 2024.

    This narrative of pervasive victimization has been bolstered by a flurry of lawsuits and criminal investigations brought against the former president. Since 2020, state and federal prosecutors have charged Trump with 94 crimes, including business fraud, mishandling classified documents and interfering with the federal election.

    In New York, he was convicted of 34 counts of corporate fraud and found liable for sexual abuse in a civil case filed by author E. Jean Carroll.

    Trump has cast these legal challenges as a deliberate attempt by President Joe Biden to interfere with the 2024 election over 350 times.

    “My legal issues, every one of them, civil and the criminal ones, are all set up by Joe Biden,” Trump told a New York City crowd in January 2024. “They’re doing it for election interference.”

    His surrogates amplify this message. For instance, Mike Howell, director of the right-leaning Heritage Foundation’s Oversight Project, proclaimed on June 6, 2024, at a public Washington event that there is a “0% chance of a free and fair election.”

    From denialism to violence: Warning signs

    Lying about election results is no mere tantrum. It is a cornerstone of Trump’s strategy to paint himself as the victim of an elitist deep state – an image that appeals to his base, particularly among white working-class voters, some of whom feel that they are victims themselves of globalization and shadowy elites.

    This strategy is working.

    A September 2023 survey by the independent pollster PRRI showed that 32% of Americans believe that the 2020 election was stolen. Even though the question has been comprehensively litigated and dismissed in the courts, many American citizens simply do not believe, under any circumstances, that Trump can lose in a fair election.

    That fact, combined with other statistics from the same poll, explains why I believe another Jan. 6 is possible.

    About 23% of Americans and 33% of Republicans believe that “true American patriots may have to resort to violence in order to save our country” – a 5% increase among Republicans and 8% among the general public since 2021.

    Meanwhile, 75% of Americans believe that American democracy is at risk in the 2024 election. That, too, may be something worth fighting for – especially when 39% of Trump supporters and 42% of Biden supporters report having no friends who support the opposing candidate. When people do not trust or socialize with people unlike them, violence between groups is more likely.

    I fear little can be done to prevent such violence.

    In 2022, Congress, acting in rare bipartisan fashion, approved the Electoral Count Reform and Transition Improvement Act of 2022, which closed many doors that President Trump attempted to use to thwart the 2020 election. Yet, as history shows, rule of law is not a certain brace against violence.

    Given the perceived stakes of the election for most Americans, along with Trump’s ever-sharpening incendiary rhetoric, it is hard to imagine that Jan. 6, 2021, was an isolated chapter in American history.

    Indeed, it may have been just a prelude.

    Alexander Cohen does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Post-election violence is possible in US, political scientist says − and it could be worse than Jan. 6 – https://theconversation.com/post-election-violence-is-possible-in-us-political-scientist-says-and-it-could-be-worse-than-jan-6-238663

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Global: Who is Tim Walz? Understanding the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party can help make sense of the VP candidate

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Gabriel Paxton, PhD Candidate, Boston University

    Democratic vice presidential nominee Tim Walz thanks supporters after serving ice cream at the Minnesota State Fair on Sept. 1, 2024. Stephen Maturen/Getty Images

    Since Democratic presidential nominee Kamala Harris selected Tim Walz as her running mate in August 2024, political commentators have offered various takes on Walz – is he pragmatic or progressive, centrist or radical, a grassroots lefty or a mainstream Democrat?

    Walz will have a chance to speak directly to voters and possibly explain who he is and what he stands for when he debates Republican contender JD Vance on Oct. 1, 2024.

    I am a scholar of populist politics in North America, and I understand why it is difficult to define how Walz fits within the Democratic Party.

    On the one hand, Walz is a shock to the Democratic Party, which often endorses elite-educated, moderate politicians from the country’s two coasts. Walz is a former public school teacher who graduated from a state college in Nebraska – and he is not afraid to embrace the moniker of a “progressive,” which some Democrats reject in order to avoid false comparisons to socialists.

    As Walz said in an August 2024 donor call for Harris: “Don’t ever shy away from our progressive values. One person’s socialism is another person’s neighborliness.”

    Yet, Walz is unlike many other progressives in the Democratic Party. He is a gun owner and a hunter – and was one of the “best shots in Congress” when he represented Minnesota in Washington, as he will remind people. He uses sports metaphors to convey his messages, rallying Democrats behind a “fourth quarter” comeback in the election, for example.

    Yet these apparent contradictions make sense when considering that Walz follows a rich lineage of Midwestern progressive politics that starts with the Minnesota Democratic Farmer-Labor Party, a state affiliate of the Democratic Party that maintains the traditions and values of populist farmer politics in the American Midwest.

    Tim Walz speaks while campaigning for Minnesota governor in St. Paul in September 2018.
    Anthony Souffle/Minnesota Star Tribune via Getty Images

    Farmer-Labor’s Midwestern roots

    The Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party is one of the first major recognized political parties in the state. It began more than 100 years ago as a form of populist protest to the harm industrialization and urbanization brought to rural farmers at the turn of the 20th century.

    In the late 1800s, political movements like the Grangers and the Farmers’ Alliances organized to bring attention to falling crop prices, increases in railroad fees for transporting crops and the monopolization of agribusiness.

    In Minnesota, these farmer protest groups joined forces with American labor unions to build a third-party alternative to the Democrats and Republicans. This new group, known as the Farmer-Labor Party, formed in 1918 as a way to represent rural people’s interests. The Farmer-Labor Party challenged state officials to legalize union protections and offer farmer subsidies, and unsuccessfully tried to place private utilities and natural resource industries under state control.

    The Farmer-Labor Party was ideologically diverse – sometimes to a fault – and brought together a range of activists, even socialists, under the common goal of protecting working people. In 1936, the Farmer-Labor Party’s momentum captured President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s attention, and it became a key member of his New Deal coalition.

    For most of the 1920s and 1930s, Farmer-Labor challenged the Democratic Party with its more progressive ideas. However, under the guidance of former vice president Hubert Humphrey, the party merged in 1944 with the more moderate Minnesota Democratic Party to form the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party.

    Over the next several decades, the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party pushed for pragmatic and progressive politics within the state’s Democratic Party. The movement’s grassroots message has centered around protecting the country’s rural backbone.

    Influential Minnesotan politicians – including U.S. Sen. Paul Wellstone, who championed environmentalism and walked the picket lines with Midwestern laborers before he died in 2002 – have been members of the party.

    The ideas behind Farmer-Laborism

    Today, the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party shares many of its platforms and policy positions with the national Democratic Party.

    But Farmer-Labor politics are distinct in how the party has embraced a Midwestern working-class identity and rallied against monopolies, business elites and corrupt government.

    Among other Midwestern state political parties, like the Libertarian Party of Minnesota, Farmer-Labor is one of the most progressive and successful. The party has helped pass recent progressive legislation, like a public option health plan and a universal free school lunch policy.

    Walz’s predecessors in the Farmer-Labor movement have also successfully spoken out against economic and political injustices from a position within working-class and agrarian communities. Like Walz, this movement took a populist stance against political and economic elites.

    This Farmer-Labor tradition, in many ways, is a foil to the conservative-populism that is popular today. Unlike Trump’s appeal to middle America, this Minnesota brand of populism was not an attempt to save white Christian manhood. Instead, it was a genuine recognition that working people – especially those in middle America – needed to actively push back against economic inequality and forces that threatened the middle class.

    T-shirts were for sale at the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party booth at the Minnesota State Fair in Falcon Heights in August 2023.
    Michael Silk UCG/Universal Images Group via Getty Images

    Farmer-Labor’s forgotten importance

    For some people, Walz and the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party are still hard to situate within the national Democratic Party.

    This is in part because the Democratic Party has sidelined rural and working-class voters over the past few decades. In 2016, the Democratic Party made the strategic mistake of not focusing enough on the Midwest – and Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton lost the Electoral College in important Midwestern states, including Wisconsin and Michigan.

    President Joe Biden gained back some Midwestern voters’ support and won Michigan and Wisconsin in 2020.

    In the 2024 election, the Democratic Party is presenting voters with Walz, who can speak to the American dream from a familiar perspective. Walz embraces unions beyond lip service, chastises corporate greed and does not shy away from rural voters even if they have cultural differences.

    American voters said in September that they view Walz slightly more favorably than Republican contender JD Vance, though they say that they don’t know either candidate well. The debate should offer voters a chance to learn more about the popular Minnesota governor.

    Conservatives, meanwhile, have tried to paint Walz as someone whose progessive politics challenge the culture of rural American life. I’d argue that the truth is far from that. Instead, like the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party and some of the rural activists it produced, Walz is trying to uncouple small-town politics from the politics of fear and cultural isolation.

    Gabriel Paxton does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. Who is Tim Walz? Understanding the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party can help make sense of the VP candidate – https://theconversation.com/who-is-tim-walz-understanding-the-minnesota-democratic-farmer-labor-party-can-help-make-sense-of-the-vp-candidate-239027

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Global: The audacity of Kamala Harris’ laughter – and the racist roots of Trump’s derision

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Betsy Huang, Professor of English, Clark University

    A split image of Donald Trump and Kamala Harris during the presidential debate on Sept. 10, 2024. Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu/Getty Images

    Just when the summer uproar over Donald Trump calling his potential rival “Laffin’ Kamala” and “Cackling Copilot Kamala Harris” was beginning to subside, an apparent new round of attacks by Trump and other Republicans has emerged after their initial U.S. presidential debate.

    The target – again – was Kamala Harris’ laugh.

    Three days after the debate, for instance, Bruce Zuchowski, an Ohio sheriff, posted on his Facebook account that Harris was a “laughing hyena.” Zuchowski was subsequently barred from providing election security during in-person voting.

    Conservative media commentators also have voiced their displeasure, calling Harris’ laugh “contemptuous, ”exaggerated“ and ”inappropriate.“

    This is not surprising, given that Harris’ laughter was on full display during much of the nationally televised debate – and, worse, Trump was clearly the object of her unrelenting derision.

    Much has been written already about the sexism and racism behind Trump’s contempt for Harris’ laugh.

    But in a little-known, 1985 essay called ”An Extravagance of Laughter,“ celebrated American writer Ralph Ellison provided a sharp analysis of the subversive power of Black laughter in 1930s America.

    Ellison’s essay, published in a 1986 collection “Going to the Territory,” still offers useful historical racial context for explaining Trump’s animus toward Harris. Among the stories Ellison tells: Black people once had to put their heads in a barrel to laugh because their laughter unnerved white Southerners.

    The dangers of Black laughter

    Best known for his 1952 novel “Invisible Man,” Ellison was one of America’s foremost social critics who confronted racism and white supremacy by telling the stories of alienation among everyday Black people searching for identity in a nation that deemed them inferior.

    In “An Extravagance of Laughter,” Ellison began with an anecdote about attending a theater adaptation of Erskine Caldwell’s novel “Tobacco Road” in New York City in 1936. The popular play detailed the lives of destitute white sharecroppers during the Great Depression. The sharecroppers feared, among other things, losing their social status by dropping below the lower rung reserved for Black people in America.

    While laughing uncontrollably at a comical scene in the play involving the antics of poor white Georgia farmers, Ellison became aware of the stir he was causing among the predominantly white audience.

    American novelist Ralph Ellison in 1963.
    Ben Martin/Getty Images

    For many white Americans, Black laughter was “a peculiar form of insanity suffered exclusively by Negroes, who in light of their social status and past condition of servitude were regarded as having absolutely nothing in their daily experience which could possibly inspire rational laughter,” Ellison explained.

    As Ellison saw it, his laugh during the play was being construed as an affirmation of the Black buffoon stereotype.

    As he described it, the white spectators were “catching fire and beginning to howl and cheer the disgraceful loss of control being exhibited” by a Black man.

    Later in the essay, Ellison lampoons the use of “laughing barrels” in Southern towns, which he described as “huge whitewashed barrels labeled FOR COLORED, and into which any Negro who felt a laugh coming on was forced … to thrust his boisterous head.”

    The intent of suppressing Black laughter, Ellison explained, was pro bono publico, or for the public good.

    Stories of the use of barrels to block offensive Black laughter from public view have been well studied by scholars and are believed to be the origin of the expression “barrel of laughs.”

    While the idea of the barrels may seem utterly ridiculous, Ellison understood them as an absurd strategy of containment for a not-so-absurd fear in post-Reconstruction and Jim Crow white America, when racial segregation was legal.

    Black folks who laugh “turned the world upside down and inside out,” he explained.

    And in so doing, Ellison wrote, Black laughter “in-verted (and thus sub-verted) tradition and thus the preordained and cherished scheme of Southern racial relationships was blasted asunder.”

    In a 1983 letter celebrating Caldwell’s birthday, Ellison thanked the writer – “by giving artistic sanction to a source of comedy which in the interest of self-protection I had been forced to deny myself you had released me from three turbulent years of self-restraint.”

    Flipping the script on who gets to laugh

    The first time Trump found himself the object of Black laughter was during the 2011 White House correspondents’ dinner, where he was publicly and mercilessly roasted by a gleeful Barack Obama. The experience appeared to humiliate and infuriate Trump and is widely seen by political pundits as the catalyst for Trump’s entrance into the 2016 presidential race.

    It is not surprising, then, to see his campaign resurrect the rhetoric that many deem to be racist to erode public confidence in Harris’ fitness for the office.

    During the debate, Trump repeatedly accused Harris of “destroying the fabric of our country” with “insane” policies. Trump had previously called Harris “dumb as a rock” and “a radical left lunatic.”

    In this Harper’s Weekly cartoon published in 1874, two Black legislators are arguing in front of their white colleagues.
    Fotosearch/Getty Images

    These hearken to the long and shameful history of racist characterizations of Black Americans as menaces to society. They include depictions of unruly, newly emancipated Black men holding public office in D.W. Griffith’s 1915 “The Birth of a Nation” to Trump’s public call for the death penalty for the Black and Hispanic teens known as the Central Park Five in a full-page New York Times ad in 1989.

    In that case, the teen boys were falsely accused of the brutal assault of a white New York jogger. They served years in prison before being exonerated by DNA and the confession of a convicted rapist and murderer.

    America’s new racial and gender norms

    Trump’s mockery of Harris’ laughter has not been successful in neutralizing her popularity.

    Harris is widely regarded by political commentators as the winner of the debate, and the lasting impression is that of a glowering Trump repeatedly failing to put a stop to Harris’ mirthful expressions of incredulity.

    Almost a century has passed since Ellison’s disruptive laugh occurred in a New York theater in 1936. In that time, both Obama and Harris have reordered traditional gender and racial norms by using Black laughter in the very public theater of U.S. presidential politics.

    Betsy Huang does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    – ref. The audacity of Kamala Harris’ laughter – and the racist roots of Trump’s derision – https://theconversation.com/the-audacity-of-kamala-harris-laughter-and-the-racist-roots-of-trumps-derision-238189

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Global: Fungal infections known as valley fever could spike this fall – 3 epidemiologists explain how to protect yourself

    Source: The Conversation – USA – By Jennifer Head, Assistant Professor of Epidemiology, University of Michigan

    As the climate warms and landscapes become drier, researchers fear that valley fever could spread across other regions of the U.S. Carolyn Van Houten/The Washington Post via Getty Images

    As the climate warms, the southwestern U.S. is increasingly experiencing weather whiplash as the region swings from drought to flooding and back again. As a result, the public is hearing more about little-known infectious diseases, such as valley fever.

    In May 2024, about 20,000 people attended a music festival in Buena Vista Lake, California. In the months that followed, at least 19 developed valley fever, and eight were hospitalized from their infection. This outbreak follows a dramatic increase of more than 800% in valley fever infections in California between 2000 and 2018.

    In 2023, California reported the second-highest number of valley fever cases on record, with more than 9,000 cases reported statewide. And between April 2023 and March 2024, California provisionally reported 10,593 cases – 40% more than during the same period the prior year.

    The Conversation U.S. asked Jennifer Head, Simon Camponuri and Alexandra Heaney – researchers specializing in the epidemiology of valley fever – to explain what valley fever is, and what might explain its rise in recent years.

    What is valley fever, and how do you get infected?

    Valley fever is the common name for a disease called coccidioidomycosis, which is an infection caused by pathogenic fungi from the Coccidioides genus. The fungi are primarily found in arid soils of the southwestern United States, as well as parts of Central and South America.

    When the fungus has access to moisture and nutrients, it grows long, branching fungal chains throughout the soil. When the soil dries out, these chains fragment to form fungal spores, which can be stirred up into the air when the soil is disturbed, such as by wind or digging. Airborne spores can then be inhaled and cause a respiratory infection.

    Cases of valley fever are typically highest in California’s southern San Joaquin Valley and southern Arizona, but they have been increasing outside of these regions. Between 2000 and 2018, the incidence of valley fever cases increased fifteenfold in the northern San Joaquin Valley and eightfold along the Southern California coast. And between 2014 and 2018, incidence increased by more than eightfold along the central coast.

    Because of these trends and the virulence of the pathogen that causes valley fever, it is listed as a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization. Historically, fungal infections have received very little attention and resources. By creating this list, the WHO is hoping to galvanize action surrounding listed pathogens, including getting more resources for research as well as the development of new treatments.

    Coccidioides immitis, one of the two species of fungus that cause valley fever.
    Smith Collection-Gado/Archive Photos via Getty Images

    What are the symptoms, and what should people be looking for?

    After inhaling fungal spores from the environment, Coccidioides initially infects the lungs, causing symptoms like mild to severe cough, fever, difficulty breathing, chest pain and tiredness. Valley fever symptoms can resemble other common respiratory infections, so it’s important for people to get checked by a doctor if they’ve experienced prolonged symptoms, particularly if they have been given antibiotics that they are not responding to.

    In California and Arizona, an estimated one-third of community-acquired pneumonia cases – or pneumonia acquired outside of the hospital – are caused by valley fever. However, only a fraction of community-acquired pneumonia cases get tested for it, so it’s likely the number of valley fever cases is significantly higher. Among diagnosed cases, half experienced symptoms for two months or more before being diagnosed.

    In 5% to 10% of cases, the fungus can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body, such as the central nervous system, liver and bones, causing meningitis or arthritis-like symptoms. These cases can be severe and possibly fatal.

    Antifungal treatment is available, and early diagnosis and treatment is critical for better outcomes.

    Jose Epifanio Sanchez Trujeque of Lebec, Calif., spent four months in the hospital after contracting valley fever in 2023.
    The Washington Post/Getty Images

    What time of year should you be most concerned?

    Valley fever cases can occur year-round, but in California, cases reported via surveillance systems tend to increase starting in August and September, peak in November and return to background levels in January and February.

    Researchers believe that patients are likely exposed to the fungus in the summer and early fall months, typically one to three months prior to their diagnosis. This delay accounts for time between when patients are exposed, develop symptoms and are diagnosed with the disease. While cases peak in the fall on average, seasonal strength and timing varies regionally.

    Our research shows that this seasonal surge in the fall is especially strong following wetter winters and that alternation between dry and wet conditions is associated with increased incidence in fall months.

    Valley fever cases in California nearly doubled following wet winters that occurred one and two years after the 2007-2009 and 2012-2015 droughts.

    In 2023, California experienced a similar transition, with an extreme drought occurring between 2020-2022 followed by heavy precipitation in the winter of 2022-2023.

    This transition was followed by a near-record spike in cases in 2023. The state experienced another wet winter during the 2023-2024 wet season, furthering concern about continued high risk for valley fever in 2024.

    Our research team recently developed a model to forecast valley fever cases that will occur between April 2024 and March 2025 in California. We forecast that the state is likely to see another spike in cases during the fall and winter of 2024, on par with the spike in 2023.

    During high-risk periods, clinicians should consider valley fever as a potential diagnosis. This is especially true when evaluating a patient presenting with valley fever symptoms or a respiratory illness who lives in, works in or traveled to an endemic or emerging region.

    We are currently working to characterize seasonal disease patterns in Arizona as well, which are different from California’s. This is likely because Arizona has two rainy seasons.

    Are some people at greater risk than others?

    Those who spend time or work outdoors in areas where valley fever is common, especially where they may be exposed to dirt and dust, are more likely to get it.

    While healthy people are still at risk of infection, certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing severe disease from valley fever. These include being an adult 60 years or older, having diabetes, HIV or another condition that weakens the immune system, or being pregnant. People who are Black or Filipino also have been noted to have a higher risk of severe disease, which may relate to more exposure to the fungal spores, underlying health conditions, inequities in accessing care or other possible predispositions.

    People who work around dry, dusty conditions are at a higher risk of contracting valley fever.
    David McNew/Getty Images News via Getty Images

    How can you protect yourself from getting valley fever?

    People who live and work in the regions where the fungus is found should avoid exposure to dust as much as possible. When it is windy outside and the air is dusty, stay indoors and keep windows and doors closed.

    When driving through a dusty area, limit vehicle speed, keep car windows closed and recirculate the air, if possible. When working outdoors, use dust suppression techniques, including wetting soil before digging to prevent stirring up dust, and installing fencing, windbreaks and vegetation where possible.

    For those who must directly stir up soil or be in dusty conditions, such as while doing construction or gardening work, consider using an N95 mask to limit dust inhalation.

    Jennifer Head receives funding from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health.

    Alexandra K. Heaney receives funding from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health.

    Simon Camponuri receives funding from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health and from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

    – ref. Fungal infections known as valley fever could spike this fall – 3 epidemiologists explain how to protect yourself – https://theconversation.com/fungal-infections-known-as-valley-fever-could-spike-this-fall-3-epidemiologists-explain-how-to-protect-yourself-238972

    MIL OSI – Global Reports –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Asia-Pac: CS chairs inter-departmental working group meeting on festival arrangements (with photo)

    Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

         As directed by the Chief Executive, the Chief Secretary for Administration, Mr Chan Kwok-ki, chaired the inter-departmental working group meeting on festival arrangements today (September 26) to holistically review and steer the overall co-ordination work of various government departments in welcoming visitors to Hong Kong during the National Day Golden Week. The Deputy Chief Secretary for Administration, Mr Cheuk Wing-hing; the Secretary for Culture, Sports and Tourism, Mr Kevin Yeung; the Under Secretary for Security, Mr Michael Cheuk; and representatives of the Home and Youth Affairs Bureau, the Transport and Logistics Bureau, and other relevant Government departments attended the meeting.     At the meeting, Mr Chan instructed various departments to better prepare for receiving visitors during the Mainland’s National Day Golden Week, actively coordinate and consolidate supporting services of boundary control points (BCPs), traffic and public transport, promptly respond to various emergency situations, and strengthen information dissemination, with a view to providing quality experience to residents and visitors in celebration of the National Day.Estimated visitor flow and preparatory work     According to the Immigration Department (ImmD)’s estimate, around 7.01 million passengers (including Hong Kong residents and visitors) will pass through Hong Kong’s sea, land and air control points during the Mainland’s National Day Golden Week (October 1 to October 7) this year, among which 5.98 million passengers will pass through land control points. The number of outbound and inbound passengers using land boundary control points will peak on October 1 (Tuesday).     In terms of Mainland inbound visitors, it is estimated that about 1.23 million passengers will visit Hong Kong via various sea, land and air control points during the seven-day Mainland’s National Day Golden Week.     The Travel Industry Authority has reminded travel agents receiving Mainland inbound tour groups to stagger arrival time as far as possible, and will coordinate with agencies such as tourist spots to adopt appropriate diversion measures to enable proper management of the flow of visitors and tour buses, with a view to offering a pleasant travel experience to visitors.     There will be a rich array of celebratory activities before, during and after the Mainland’s National Day Golden Week. Major mega events include the “Celebration of National Day – The Next Generation Chorus Performance” at the West Kowloon Cultural District on September 30 night (Monday) and the 2024 National Day Fireworks Display at the Victoria Harbour on October 1 night (Tuesday). The Hong Kong Police Force (Police) will arrange sufficient police manpower to implement corresponding crowd management measures and special traffic arrangements as necessary to ensure that all celebrations will be conducted in a safe and orderly manner. Various district offices will also closely monitor the flow of visitors within their corresponding districts during the Mainland’s National Day Golden Week and strengthen management of the relevant spots having regard to the actual circumstances.Coordinate control points, traffic and public transport facilities     The Inter-departmental Joint Command Centre set up by Hong Kong Customs, the Police, the ImmD and other departments will be activated from September 28 (Saturday) to October 7 (Monday) to monitor the real-time situation at various control points, maintain close liaison with the Mainland port authorities through the established port hotlines and real-time notification mechanism, and take timely contingency actions to flexibly deploy manpower at the BCPs to ensure smooth operation of the land control points. The Security Bureau will also activate the Emergency Monitoring and Support Centre in a timely manner to closely monitor and co-ordinate the public order situation at various BCPs and facilitate interdepartmental follow-up actions where necessary to respond promptly to various kinds of emergencies.     For transport arrangements, the Transport Department (TD) has worked with relevant Mainland authorities and relevant operators to formulate plans to strengthen services at various ports, including increasing the frequency of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) shuttle bus (Gold Bus) and the Lok Ma Chau-Huanggang cross-boundary shuttle bus (Yellow Bus), as well as arranging dedicated public transport lanes at the HZMB Port, Lok Ma Chau/Huanggang Port and Shenzhen Bay Port as necessary, with a view to ensuring smooth public transport services. Regarding local public transport services, the TD has approached various public transport operators proactively to enhance the capacity, and reserve vehicles and manpower to meet the travel needs of visitors. Amongst them, the MTR Corporation Limited will enhance train service of railway lines during September 28 to October 13, with a total of about 950 extra trips, so as to facilitate the travelling of local residents and visitors. The TD’s Emergency Transport Co-ordination Centre will operate 24 hours to closely monitor the traffic conditions and public transport services of different districts including various BCPs and major stations. The TD will adopt various measures including increasing the frequency of public transport services as appropriate so as to cope with the service demand and passenger flow, and will disseminate the latest traffic information through various channels.     As regards the two homeporting calls of a mega cruise ship at the Kai Tak Cruise Terminal during the Mainland’s National Day Golden Week, while the cruise terminal operator will continue to coordinate with the cruise company, transport service operators and travel agents etc. to make proper transport planning, the Tourism Commission (TC) has also liaised with the bus companies and the taxi trade through the TD to provide additional support. Shuttle bus services will also be strengthened subject to demand. As it is anticipated that many Mainland visitors will come to Hong Kong to join cruise itineraries via the land BCPs, the TC has also assisted the trade in coordinating with BCPs to ensure smooth immigration clearance. Direct coach services will be provided to take visitors from the BCPs to the cruise terminal.Weather forecast     The weather in Hong Kong is expected to be generally fine during the Mainland’s National Day Golden Week, with low chances of being affected by heavy rain and tropical cyclones. A fresh to strong northeasterly monsoon is expected to arrive in Guangdong on the National Day, followed by a couple of days of slightly cooler and drier weather, with a minimum temperature of around 22 degrees Celsius in the urban areas. The above forecast is a preliminary assessment, and the Observatory will update the forecast depending on the latest weather changes.Information dissemination     To facilitate visitors in planning their itineraries, the inter-departmental working group will strengthen information dissemination including the latest inbound visitor arrivals, the situation at various BCPs, information on celebratory events, transport arrangements and the latest weather information, etc, to facilitate residents and visitors to plan their itineraries according to the latest situation.     The Tourism Board (TB) has also launched a dedicated webpage to consolidate various useful information during the Mainland’s National Day Golden Week, including the operating arrangements of major tourist attractions in Hong Kong, details of various unique celebratory events, special discount and promotional activities around the National Day, so as to facilitate residents and visitors to plan their itineraries more conveniently. The TB has also stepped up promotion in the Mainland, including launching special offers with major online integrated tourism platforms in the Mainland, in order to promote large-scale events with characteristics, explore the unique cultural and tourism experiences in Hong Kong through the promotional channel of the platforms and boost spending of more Mainland visitors in Hong Kong as well as enhance visitors’ experience.

    MIL OSI Asia Pacific News –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: NIO minister Fleur Anderson praises community resilience after visiting arson attack Church

    Source: United Kingdom – Executive Government & Departments

    The minister visited the Church of the Holy Name in Greenisland following a recent arson attack

    NIO minister Fleur Anderson and Rev Dr Isobel Hawthorne-Steele look at the damage inside the Church of the Holy Name.

    The Northern Ireland Office minister Fleur Anderson has visited the Church of the Holy Name in Greenisland to show solidarity following a recent arson attack. 

    The Church provides an integral service to local people through a community shop and a range of activities that involve all ages as well as offering a place for parishioners to gather.

    It was badly damaged in a fire on September 1. 

    Minister Anderson, who is Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the NIO, spoke with the Rev Dr Isobel Hawthorne-Steele, Minister of the Church about the attack and viewed the scale of the destruction.

    She also heard about the experiences of the community in the aftermath of the attack. 

    Minister Anderson said: “The discussions I had with Rev Dr Hawthorne-Steele were very constructive.

    “It was sad to see the scale of the destruction to a place that is a beacon of hope for many in the community.

    “It was encouraging to hear the positive support shown by local churches in Greenisland, the understanding shown to the families of the young boys involved and the plans for the future rebuilding.

    “I stand in solidarity with this entire community and I commend their resilience and forgiveness. 

    “I must also commend the quick response of the Northern Ireland Fire Service, and the Police Service of Northern Ireland, for their valiant efforts in tackling the blaze.”

    The Rev Dr Hawthorne-Steele said:

    “Having met with the minister it was encouraging to learn that she is a fellow community practitioner with extensive experience in building community cohesion and promoting transformative grassroots initiatives. 

    “Having spent considerable time chatting and seeing first hand the devastation caused by the fire to our parish centre and church, the minister captured the full impact of the far-reaching consequences on our church and the wider community that this disaster has caused. 

    “As a church, we greatly appreciate the fact that the minister acknowledged the efforts we are making to grow resilience in partnership with multi-faceted groups and organisations that work within this local area as we rebuild and renew our faith by revealing God’s grace.”

    NIO minister Fleur Anderson and Rev Dr Isobel Hawthorne-Steele outside the Church of the Holy Name where the damage can bee seen.

    NIO minister Fleur Anderson and Rev Dr Isobel Hawthorne-Steele look inside the Parish Centre which was affected by the recent arson attack.

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    Published 26 September 2024

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI United Kingdom: That’s a wrap: deal done for biggest sport and health investment in region

    Source: City of Plymouth

    A mind-boggling 26 leases and other legal agreements, three key sports teams, numerous sports funding and community organisations – the starting pistol has well and truly been fired on the biggest sport and health investment Plymouth has seen since the opening of the Life Centre.

    Plymouth Argyle Football Club, Plymouth Argyle Community Trust, Plymouth Albion RFC, Plymouth City Council and Devonport Community Leisure Limited have now finished the negotiations and deals around parcels of land and buildings in and around the Brickfields site in Devonport.

    With the complex paperwork complete, start on site for this transformational project is about to get underway.

    Councillor Sue Dann, Cabinet Member for Customer Services, Sports and Leisure said: “It’s been a hugely complex scheme and is the most significant sports pitch hub development in Devon and Cornwall. All the players involved have been dedicated to the idea of this transformational sports regeneration scheme – not just for the elite super fit athletes but for creating revitalised facilities for the people of Plymouth – and Devonport in particular – to help them remain healthy and well.”

    To give an idea of the complexities behind the scheme, Devonport Community Leisure Ltd had to relinquish their lease on the Brickfields building to enable the work on the hub to start. The hub is going to be run by Plymouth Argyle Community Trust, who have considerable experience of managing a community hub at Manadon. The athletic club is getting a new club house, but that means the old one will need to be demolished.

    All the facilities had to comply with the exacting standards of the sports organisations in terms of ensuring the pitches are built to the right specifications. The timetabling of planned work is all designed to cause as little interruption as possible to programmed sporting events. Tied into all of these are funding agreements from organisations such as the Football Foundation and the Government’s Youth Investment Fund.

    Part of this massive puzzle has included creating a pétanque terrain nearby for Plymouth Petanque club who had a terrain on the Brickfields site. Ensuring there is capacity for parking for visitors was also another consideration – and an underused car park is to be utilised at weekends for visitors.

    Stoke Damerel Community College is to become the new home of hockey for the west of Plymouth, with a new, 2G sand pitch for both school and community use with modern flood lighting for all year round use. It will also be used for other sports and for the day-to-day PE needs of the college. A smaller rubber-crumb 3G surface is being built for football and contact rugby training and will replace the standing 20-year-old artificial surface. An improved grass playing pitch is also planned.

    Work on these facilities is underway but for now all eyes are on the start of work at Brickfields. At the core of the proposals is a new permanent home for Plymouth Argyle’s youth wing, the Argyle Academy, and Plymouth Argyle Women.

    Extensive community and sport facilities include new grass and all-weather 3G pitches, athletics facilities for the City of Plymouth Athletics Club and other users, play zones exclusively for public use, better public access, landscaped public areas, and parking.

    Work on the community hub on the site of the former Brickfields sports centre has been progressing. The new hub, which will deliver much needed accessible and affordable community space to connect people and offer a wide range of wellbeing services.

    Who is involved: the big players

    • Plymouth City Council
    • Plymouth Argyle FC
    • Plymouth Argyle Community Trust
    • Plymouth Albion RFC
    • Devonport Community Leisure Ltd

    On the team:

    • Livewell South West
    • City of Plymouth Athletic Club
    • Plymouth Petanque
    • Football Foundation
    • Sport England
    • Rugby Football Union
    • England Hockey
    • The Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport (DCMS)
    • Ministry of Defence

    MIL OSI United Kingdom –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Security: Attorney General Merrick B. Garland Delivers Remarks at the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of Mississippi

    Source: United States Attorneys General 13

    Remarks as Delivered

    Thanks, Todd, and thanks for the warm welcome.

    I am very happy to be here in Mississippi.

    In just a few moments, Todd and I will meet with our federal, state, and local law enforcement partners to talk about the work that everyone is doing to keep Mississippi safe.

    I am grateful that I have the chance to meet with our law enforcement partners here today. You do the work, the most dangerous work, protecting people in Mississippi. You are indispensable partners for us.

    I am very happy to hear that the sheriff’s investigator is okay, and that the perpetrators have been arrested. Just another piece of evidence about how dangerous the work that local law enforcement does, and we are grateful for everything that you do to protect the citizens of these communities and to work with our law enforcement and our U.S. Attorney’s Office on the same mission. Thank you.

    I am also grateful to have the chance to recognize the extraordinary public servants of this office for their extraordinary work and their extraordinary hard work.

    This U.S. Attorney’s Office is the face of the Justice Department here in the Southern District of Mississippi. When people in this District look to see what the Justice Department stands for, they look to this U.S. Attorney’s Office. I have been consistently impressed with the work that you guys do.

    That work, and the work of our state and local law enforcement partners, is making a difference.

    Three-and-a-half years ago, the Justice Department launched an ambitious strategy to combat violent crime. That strategy is rooted in exactly the kinds of partnerships we see around this table. Today, we are seeing results.

    Just earlier this week, the FBI released a report noting an 11.6% drop in homicides last year and one of the lowest violent crime rates nationwide in 50 years.

    And newly released data indicates that this trend is continuing. Earlier this month, the Justice Department’s Violent Crime Reduction Steering Committee announced data from across 88 cities that indicates that violent crime has continued to decline considerably in 2024. That included a further 16.9% drop in homicides.

    But we know that progress in many communities is still uneven. And, of course, there is no acceptable level of violent crime.

    That is why the Justice Department is continuing to work with our partners here in Mississippi and across the country to combat violent crime, and drug trafficking, and gun trafficking.

    Last month, working with the DEA, this office secured a guilty plea from a member of a drug-trafficking organization in California that sent packages of narcotics to Mississippi. During the investigation, we seized more than 5,700 grams of methamphetamine, 236 grams of fentanyl, and 84 grams of cocaine.

    In July – following a joint operation with ATF, DEA, and other federal agencies – this office secured guilty pleas from five men who participated in a scheme to purchase firearms, machinegun conversion devices, and explosives for delivery to Mexico. Three of the men sought to barter the weapons in exchange for cocaine.

    In March – working with the ATF and the Clinton Police Department – this office secured a 10-year sentence for a man who illegally possessed a firearm and fired a weapon at a law enforcement officer during a high-speed chase in Jackson.

    As we work together to reduce violent crime, we know that building and maintaining public trust is essential to public safety. That is why the Justice Department has taken action when that trust has been violated.

    Earlier this year, the Department worked to secure [10 to 40-year] sentences against six law enforcement officers in Rankin County who violated the civil rights of Black men.

    The officers kicked in the door of a home where the men were residing; handcuffed and arrested them without probable cause; called them racial slurs; and punched, kicked, tased, and assaulted them. After one of the officers fired his gun in the mouth of a victim, the group went outside to come up with a cover story.

    Those actions were a betrayal of the community the officers were sworn to protect, a betrayal of their profession, and a betrayal of their fellow officers.

    To help the community rebuild trust, the Justice Department launched a civil pattern or practice investigation to examine allegations that the Rankin County Sheriff’s Department systematically violates people’s constitutional rights. We are committed to working with local officials, deputies, and the community to conduct a comprehensive investigation.

    The Justice Department is also committed to providing resources necessary to support public safety here in Mississippi.

    Earlier this year, the Justice Department added Jackson to its Violent Crime Initiative. That initiative surges law enforcement tools and resources to target gangs and other violent groups that threaten our communities. In particular, it directs prosecutors from the Justice Department’s headquarters Criminal Division to partner with our prosecutors here on the ground in Jackson to target the individuals who are most responsible for the violence.

    In addition to using our investigative and prosecutorial resources, we are also committed to using our grantmaking capabilities to invest in public safety.

    For example, today, the Justice Department awarded nearly $300,000 to enhance the City of Jackson’s forensic science capabilities. We also awarded nearly $900,000 under our Coordinated Tribal Assistance Program, which funds Tribes’ efforts to develop comprehensive and coordinated approaches to public safety.

    These grants are part of the more than $29 million that the Justice Department is awarding to organizations and government agencies in Mississippi this month to support law enforcement activities and community initiatives.

    These funds will, among other things, help law enforcement agencies in Mississippi hire more officers, prevent and combat violent crime and drug trafficking, and improve services for survivors of domestic and dating violence, sexual assault, stalking, and other crimes.

    We remain committed to providing our law enforcement and community partners with the resources they need to protect their communities.

    The examples I have shared today are just a snapshot of the extraordinary work that this office is doing every day to protect people in the District, and to fulfill the Justice Department’s mission to ensure the rule of law, to keep our communities safe, and to protect civil rights.

    I am very proud of the public servants who make up this office. And I am equally proud of the relationships that they have built with the law enforcement agencies around this table. Those partnerships are the essence of the way in which we combat violent crime and protect our communities.

    I thank you. I am looking forward to our meeting now.

    MIL Security OSI –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Security: Attorney General Merrick B. Garland Delivers Remarks at the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of South Carolina

    Source: United States Attorneys General 13

    Remarks as Prepared for Delivery

    Good morning. Thank you, Adair, for that warm welcome.

    Before we get started, I want to address a major development that took place late yesterday.

    The Justice Department secured a federal indictment of Ryan Routh, charging him with attempting to assassinate former President Donald Trump.

    These new charges returned by the grand jury build on the firearms felony charges we filed last week, which permitted the defendant’s arrest and detention as our investigation continued.

    Immediately after the assassination attempt on September 15th, I made clear that the Justice Department would bring every available resource to bear in this investigation.

    Over the last 11 days, the Department has done just that.

    As alleged in the indictment, and as reflected in court documents filed in this case, evidence uncovered in the investigation sheds new light on the defendant’s actions in the days leading up to this crime, and supports the charge of attempted assassination. This evidence includes:

    A handwritten list seized from the defendant’s car cataloging the dates and venues of the former President’s past and expected appearances.

    A box the defendant left with a witness several months ago, which contained a handwritten letter addressed to “the World,” stating: “This was an assassination attempt on Donald Trump but I failed you.”

    And cell site records indicating that on multiple days and times in the weeks leading up to the assassination attempt, the defendant was repeatedly in the immediate vicinity of the Trump International Golf Club and the former President’s residence at Mar-a-Lago.

    This investigation is still in its early stages and remains active and ongoing. And as in all cases, the allegations we make in our filings are just that until we prove them in court beyond a reasonable doubt.

    The Justice Department is committed to using the full force of our authorities to thoroughly investigate every lead and ensure accountability in this matter.

    Our nation has now experienced two assassination attempts against the former President in just the last three months. That is abhorrent.

    Violence and threats of violence targeting public officials are dangerous to their safety, the safety of their families, and the safety of the people who protect them. They are dangerous to everything this country stands for.

    The Justice Department will not tolerate violence that strikes at the heart of our democracy. And we will find and hold accountable those who perpetrate it.

    This must stop.

    Now, I want to turn to the topic of today’s meeting, the work of this office and its law enforcement partners.

    In just a few moments, U.S. Attorney Boroughs and I will meet with our federal, state, and local law enforcement partners about our work to keep communities across South Carolina safe.

    I am grateful to have the chance to thank our partners today, in person, for the difficult and often dangerous work they do to protect communities here in Columbia and across the state.

    I am also grateful to have the chance to recognize the public servants of this Office for their extraordinary work.

    This U.S. Attorney’s Office is the face of the Justice Department here in South Carolina. When people across the state look to see what the Department stands for, they look to this U.S. Attorney’s Office. I have been consistently impressed not only with the work you do, but with the way you do that work.

    That work, together with the work of our state and local law enforcement partners, is making a difference.

    Three-and-a-half years ago, the Justice Department launched an ambitious strategy to combat violent crime. That strategy is rooted in exactly the kinds of partnerships that are represented in this room. Today, we are seeing results.

    According to the South Carolina State Law Enforcement Division, South Carolina’s violent crime rate decreased by 5.8% from 2022 to 2023, making 2023 the third consecutive year of decline. That included a 5.9% decrease in the murder rate.

    We have also seen encouraging trends on the national level. Just earlier this week, the FBI released a report indicating we saw an 11.6% drop in homicides last year and one of the lowest violent crime rates in 50 years.

    And recent data indicates this trend is continuing.

    Earlier this month, the Justice Department’s Violent Crime Reduction Steering Committee announced new data from across 88 cities, which indicates that violent crime has continued to decline considerably in 2024. That included a further 16.9% drop in murders.

    But we know that progress in many communities is still uneven. And, of course, there is no acceptable level of violent crime.

    That is why the Justice Department is continuing to work with our partners here in South Carolina and across the country to combat violent crime, drug and gun trafficking, and gang violence.

    For example, on a single day earlier this month, this office announced three significant developments in our work to combat drug trafficking and the fentanyl crisis.

    First – in partnership with ATF, Homeland Security, the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, and local law enforcement in Cherokee, Spartanburg, and Greenville counties – the office secured guilty pleas from six members of a methamphetamine trafficking ring responsible for distributing at least 250 kilograms of meth in the Upstate.

    Second – together with ATF, DEA, and the Richland County Sheriff’s Department – the office secured 10-year and seven-year prison sentences, respectively, for two individuals on fentanyl and gun charges.

    Third, together with DEA and the Richland County Sheriff’s Department, this Office secured a 10-year prison sentence for a man who provided a syringe loaded with drugs, including fentanyl, to a victim who later died of fentanyl poisoning.

    And, just last month, the office worked with federal law enforcement partners – as well as law enforcement in Spartanburg, Greenville, and Anderson counties – to secure a 23-year prison sentence for a cocaine and meth dealer.

    The dealer also conscripted others to buy guns for him so that he could modify them into fully automatic weapons. He sold some of the machine guns, and he kept at least one of them with him during his drug deals.

    And this spring, this office – in partnership with federal law enforcement, the Duncan Police Department, and several Canadian law enforcement agencies – secured sentences for three international gun traffickers. As part of that scheme, two of the defendants recruited straw purchasers to buy  guns on their behalf and then smuggled them to Canada.

    Finally, earlier this year, this office announced the results of a months-long investigation conducted in partnership with 19 federal, state, and local public safety agencies. That investigation resulted in charges against 13 defendants and the seizure of multiple firearms, ammunition, and drugs, including fentanyl.

    That investigation came after the FBI identified communities in Myrtle Beach that were experiencing high levels of gang and narcotics-related violence; in response, federal, state, and local law enforcement concentrated resources and personnel in those areas.

    In addition to using our investigative and prosecutorial resources to protect communities here in South Carolina, we are also committed to using our grantmaking capabilities to invest in public safety.

    For example, today, the Department is awarding $3 million in funding through the National Criminal History Improvement Program, which provides funding to states and localities to improve the quality, timeliness, and immediate accessibility of criminal history records and related information.

    This grant is part of the more than $36 million that the Department is awarding to organizations and government agencies in South Carolina this month to support law enforcement activities and community initiatives.

    These funds will, among other things, help law enforcement agencies in South Carolina hire more officers, prevent and combat violent crime and drug trafficking, and improve services for survivors of domestic and dating violence, sexual assault, stalking, and other crimes.

    We remain committed to providing our law enforcement and community partners with the resources they need to protect people across this state.

    The examples I have shared today are just a snapshot of the work this office is doing every day to protect people in this state, and to fulfill the Justice Department’s mission to keep our country safe, to protect civil rights, and to uphold the rule of law.

    I am very proud of the public servants who make up this office.  And I am equally proud of the relationships they have nurtured with the people and agencies around this table. They are the Justice Department’s indispensable partners.

    I look forward to our meeting.

    Thank you. 

    MIL Security OSI –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI Australia: Youth inspiring at Beaconsfield Upper

    Source: Victoria Country Fire Authority

    Beaconsfield Upper Fire Brigade members Steve Martin (left) and Axel Martin (right)

    Where others may look to their parents for inspiration, Beaconsfield Upper father-son pair Axel and Steve Martin are bucking the trend, with father Steve following in his son’s footsteps .

    Where others may look to their parents for inspiration, Beaconsfield Upper father-son pair Axel and Steve Martin are bucking the trend, with father Steve following in his son’s footsteps.  

    At 17 years old, Axel Martin is a member of the Beaconsfield Upper Fire Brigade.  

    He joined Juniors at 14 years old, and last year completed his General Firefighter Training to become a senior firefighter. 

    “One of my mates used to do juniors with the Beaconsfield Fire Brigade and he said to come along one night, so I came along and then from there on I was pretty much hooked,” Axel said.  

    “I joined with the Beaconsfield Upper Fire Brigade as a proper service member and then got my dad into it. 

    “I didn’t really know much when I first joined, but it didn’t take long until I was friends with everyone. It is such a fun environment and I’ve developed so many skills.” 

    It was driving his son to training that inspired Axel’s father, Steve, 52, to eventually begin his General Firefighter Training.  

    “I would drive down there for 25 minutes, drop him off at Juniors, and then I would drive home, get out of the car, virtually sit on the couch, get up, get back in the car, drive down, pick him up. I don’t know why I didn’t stay down there,” Steve said.  

    “Eventually, spending time in and around the fire station made me think a bit more about it. 

    “I enjoyed Thursday nights going down there to drop him off because I got to see all the equipment they’ve got, and I thought about all the jobs they did. 

    After completing General Firefighter Training together last year, the pair have been paged to several incidents.  

    “The amazing thing to me was as a parent you spend your whole life teaching your child how to walk, how to talk, telling them that they’re not doing this right, they’re not learning this, they need to do their homework, ‘you should be studying more,’” Steve said. 

    “This is the first time that we have actually learned something side by side and he put me to shame with his knowledge compared to mine, so he’s more qualified than me at the moment.” 

    For Axel, he has enjoyed helping the community and said volunteering with the CFA gives you responsibility at a young age.  

    “I love it, to be honest. I love it so much,” Axel said.  

    “It’s made me feel like I’m really helping out the community – It’s also given me a goal for my future because I want to become a paid firefighter. 

    “I love how at CFA we are more than just father-son, we are a part of a team learning and helping the community together.” 

    Steve, who wants to become a driver, pictures himself as a firefighter well into the future. 

    “I should have volunteered years ago,” Steve said.  

    “We’re giving back to the community, that’s the biggest thing.  

    “If you’re not in the CFA and you’re reading this, go and spend a morning with the CFA, have a look and get involved.” 

    The Juniors program is run for children from 11 to 15 years old. 

    You can find more information on the Junior Volunteer Development Program here. 

    Axel took to the panel at the August Volunteer Forum with his dad during Victorian Youth Fest (from 1-30 September). Youth Fest is a month-long celebration which highlights the contributions of young people in their communities, with Axel sharing his story coming up through the ranks. 

    Submitted by CFA media

    MIL OSI News –

    January 22, 2025
  • MIL-OSI China: China’s water conservancy projects create 2.1M jobs

    Source: China State Council Information Office 3

    China’s investment in water conservancy projects totaled 801.94 billion yuan (114.23 billion U.S. dollars) in the first eight months of this year, up 10.7 percent year on year, a government official said on Wednesday.

    At a press conference on water conservancy infrastructure construction held in Beijing, Wang Bao’en, vice minister of water resources, said that water conservancy project construction on a massive scale has contributed to employment. Construction of such projects created nearly 2.1 million jobs in the first eight months, up 6.9 percent year on year.

    Wang said that during the period, the five provinces of Hebei, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shandong and Anhui each posted investment exceeding 40 billion yuan in the sector.

    Government data also shows that since the beginning of this year, a total of 42,000 water conservancy projects have been implemented nationwide, up 14.1 percent year on year. Among them, 28,000 are newly started projects, up 18.7 percent.

    Wang said that in the next step, the Ministry of Water Resources will continue to make solid efforts to promote water conservancy infrastructure construction after the main flood season. 

    MIL OSI China News –

    January 22, 2025
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